[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 217 (Monday, November 13, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 77625-77642]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-24868]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-98869; File No. SR-NYSE-2023-36]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; 
Notice of Filing of Proposed Enhancements to Its Designated Market 
Maker Program

November 6, 2023.
    Pursuant to section 19(b)(1) \1\ of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 (``Act'') \2\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\3\ notice is hereby given 
that on October 23, 2023, New York Stock Exchange LLC (``NYSE'' or the 
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the 
``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in Items I, II, 
and III below, which Items have been prepared by the self-regulatory 
organization. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit 
comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 15 U.S.C. 78a.
    \3\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
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I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance 
of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to enhancements to its Designated Market 
Maker (``DMM'') program by (1) amending Rule 7.35B(d)(2) (DMM-
Facilitated Closing Auctions); Rule 36 (Access to and Communication 
with Floor); Rule 76 (``Crossing'' Orders); Rule 98 (Operation of a DMM 
Unit); Rule 103 (Registration and Capital Requirements of DMMs and DMM 
Units); Rule 103B (Security Allocation and Reallocation); and Rule 104 
(Dealings and Responsibilities of DMMs); (2) deleting Rule 104A (DMMs--
General) and Rule 106A (Taking Book or Order of Another Member); and 
(3) adopting a new Rule 104B establishing the DMM Unit Introductory 
Program in Exchange Traded Products (``ETPs''). The proposed rule 
change is available on the Exchange's website at www.nyse.com, at the 
principal office of the Exchange, and at the Commission's Public 
Reference Room.

[[Page 77626]]

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the self-regulatory organization 
included statements concerning the purpose of, and basis for, the 
proposed rule change and discussed any comments it received on the 
proposed rule change. The text of those statements may be examined at 
the places specified in Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared 
summaries, set forth in sections A, B, and C below, of the most 
significant parts of such statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and the 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    The Exchange proposes enhancements to its DMM program by (1) 
amending Rule 7.35B(d)(2) (DMM-Facilitated Closing Auctions); Rule 36 
(Access to and Communication with Floor); Rule 76 (``Crossing'' 
Orders); Rule 98 (Operation of a DMM Unit); Rule 103 (Registration and 
Capital Requirements of DMMs and DMM Units); Rule 103B (Security 
Allocation and Reallocation); and Rule 104 (Dealings and 
Responsibilities of DMMs); (2) deleting Rule 104A (DMMs--General) and 
Rule 106A (Taking Book or Order of Another Member); and (3) adopting a 
new Rule 104B establishing the DMM Unit Introductory Program in ETPs.
    As described more fully below, the proposal represents the most 
comprehensive enhancement of the DMM program since its introduction in 
2008. The lynchpin of the proposed changes would be the removal of the 
availability of the remaining non-public information available to 
individual DMMs and DMM units \4\ on the Trading Floor \5\ intraday. 
Since 2008, the increasingly automated logic for executions has 
severely circumscribed the amount of non-public information available 
to DMMs, and the Exchange has significantly enhanced the transparency 
of its marketplace over that same period.\6\ Nonetheless, given their 
unique role to facilitate openings, reopenings, and the close of 
trading, DMMs at the point of sale continue to have display-only access 
to aggregate buying and buying/selling interest that is eligible to 
participate in the Opening Auction and the Closing Auction at each 
price point, respectively.\7\ Moreover, pursuant to Rule 104(e)(iii), 
Floor brokers may request that a DMM provide them with the information 
that is available to the DMM at the post, including such aggregate 
buying and selling interest for the Closing Auction.
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    \4\ The term ``Designated Market Maker'' or ``DMM'' means an 
individual member, officer, partner, employee or associated person 
of a DMM unit who is approved by the Exchange to act in the capacity 
of a DMM. See Rule 1.1(e). The term ``DMM unit'' means a member 
organization or unit within a member organization that has met the 
requirements of Rules 98 and 104. See Rule 98(b)(1) (defining DMM 
unit).
    \5\ The term ``Trading Floor'' is defined in Rule 6A to mean the 
restricted-access physical areas designated by the Exchange for the 
trading of securities, commonly known as the ``Main Room'' and the 
``Buttonwood Room.''
    \6\ For instance, the Exchange disseminates Closing Auction 
Imbalance Information beginning ten minutes before the scheduled end 
of Core Trading Hours, which provides updated imbalance information 
and indicative closing prices. In 2019, in connection with the 
transition to the Pillar trading platform, the Exchange amended its 
rules to provide that Floor Broker Interest (i.e., interest 
verbalized in the trading crowd by a Floor broker) would be included 
in Closing Auction Imbalance Information. Beginning in 2020, the 
Exchange temporarily suspended the availability of Floor Broker 
Interest to be eligible to participate in the Closing Auction, as 
defined in Rule 7.35. In 2021, the Exchange permanently excluded 
Floor Broker Interest from the Closing Auction and required all 
Floor brokers to enter orders for the Closing Auction electronically 
during Core Trading Hours. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 
92480 (July 23, 2021), 86 FR 40886 (July 29, 2021) (SR-NYSE-2020-
95). Because of the absence of Floor Broker Interest in the Closing 
Auction, any remaining information advantage that DMMs might have 
had with respect to orders from Floor brokers--even after such 
interest was included in the Closing Auction Imbalance Information--
was eliminated. Recently, the Exchange made further changes to the 
Closing Auction, including adding price parameters within which the 
DMM must select a Closing Auction Price, in order to make the 
Closing Auction more transparent and deterministic. See Securities 
Exchange Act Release No. 95691 (September 7, 2022), 87 FR 56099 
(September 13, 2022) (SR-NYSE-2022-32).
    \7\ See Rules 104(a)(2) & (3). For instance, in order to 
facilitate the close, the Exchange makes available to DMMs at the 
point of sale aggregate order information about all orders eligible 
to participate in the Closing Auction, including the full quantity 
of Reserve Orders and MOC and LOC Order quantities, at each price 
point. In addition, the Exchange makes such aggregate order 
information available to DMM unit algorithms in connection with the 
electronic message sent to a DMM unit algorithm to close an assigned 
security electronically, which is sent shortly after the end of Core 
Trading Hours. The information available at each price point is not 
available in the Auction Imbalance Information. However, such 
information is used to calculate the Continuous Book Clearing Price, 
which is disseminated via Auction Imbalance Information.
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    The Exchange proposes to eliminate DMMs' access to aggregate order 
information during Core Trading Hours with one limited exception during 
trading halts,\8\ as well as the related ability for DMMs to share this 
information with other market participants on the Trading Floor. DMM 
access to aggregate order information will henceforth be only as needed 
and before the open, in connection with the reopening of a security 
following a trading halt, and following the end of Core Trading Hours 
to facilitate the Closing Auction. In addition, the Exchange proposes 
amendments to Rule 76 to entirely eliminate DMM involvement in Floor 
broker cross transactions on the Trading Floor. Currently, Floor 
brokers must announce these transactions at the DMM unit post/panel 
where the security trades, and the assigned DMM acknowledges the Floor 
broker announcement in Exchange systems. As proposed, the Exchange 
would announce and acknowledge Floor broker cross transactions, thereby 
eliminating Floor broker interactions with individual DMMs at the post/
panel in connection with these transactions.
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    \8\ See Rule 1.1(d) (definition of ``Core Trading Hours''). DMMs 
would be provided access to aggregate order information on an as 
needed basis to facilitate a reopening. See the discussion of 
proposed Rule 104(a)(2), infra.
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    The Exchange believes these changes would in turn justify 
elimination of certain historical restrictions governing DMM unit 
operations and communications from the Trading Floor, including use of 
cellular and wireless phones, as well as the prohibition on 
``Aggressing Transactions'' in the final ten minutes of the trading 
day, thereby reducing the burdens associated with operating a DMM unit 
on the Exchange. Indeed, the proposal is designed to permit DMM units 
to operate more like other market makers while retaining the DMM unit's 
unique duties and responsibilities to the marketplace, none of which 
would change as part of the proposal. In an effort to attract more DMM 
units to the Trading Floor, the Exchange also proposes an introductory 
program for non-DMM Market Makers and Supplemental Liquidity Providers 
(``SLPs'') that would provide a 12-month ramp-up period for new 
entrants to become fully operational Trading Floor-based DMM units.
    The numerous obligations currently imposed on DMM units and DMMs by 
Exchange rules, and Rule 104 in particular, would in no way be 
diminished or otherwise altered by the proposal. Similarly, the 
proposal does not increase or otherwise alter the benefits of being an 
Exchange DMM unit. The proposal is designed rather to modernize the 
restrictions on DMMs and DMM units that flow from the potential 
availability of non-public order information on the Trading Floor; the 
Exchange believes that once the remaining sources of potential non-
public order information are removed, these historical restrictions on 
DMM

[[Page 77627]]

units and DMMs are no longer necessary. The proposal accordingly does 
not alter or disrupt the balance between the benefits and obligations 
of being an Exchange DMM unit and is instead intended to make the DMM 
business more competitive. Indeed, the Exchange believes that the 
cumulative effect of the proposal would be to lower entry barriers to 
the DMM unit business on the Exchange and stimulate greater competition 
among existing DMM units and potential new entrants, to the benefit of 
the investing public, issuers and the marketplace.
Background
    In 2008, in connection with the Exchange's transformation of its 
market structure begun in 2006,\9\ the Exchange phased out the 
specialist system and replaced specialists with DMMs, who are employees 
of DMM units.\10\
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    \9\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 53539 (March 
22, 2006), 71 FR 16353 (March 31, 2006) (SR-NYSE-2004-05) (Order 
Approving Proposed Rule Change and Amendment Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 5 
Thereto and Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated Approval 
to Amendment Nos. 6, 7, and 8 to the Proposed Rule Change to 
Establish the Hybrid Market). Under the Hybrid Market, Exchange 
systems assumed the function of matching and executing 
electronically-entered orders.
    \10\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 58845 
(October 24, 2008), 73 FR 64379, 64380-81 (October 29, 2008) (SR-
NYSE-2008-46) (Notice of Filing of Amendment Nos. 2 and 3 and Order 
Granting Accelerated Approval to a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified 
by Amendment Nos. 1, 2, and 3, To Create a New NYSE Market Model, 
With Certain Components To Operate as a One-Year Pilot, That Would 
Alter NYSE's Priority and Parity Rules, Phase Out Specialists by 
Creating a Designated Market Maker, and Provide Market Participants 
With Additional Abilities To Post Hidden Liquidity) (``Release No. 
58845''). Member organizations wanting to operate a DMM unit must 
file a written application and be approved prior to operating a DMM 
unit. See Rule 103(b)(i). As noted below, submission and approval of 
a DMM unit's written policies and procedures addressing the 
requirements of Rule 98 is also a prerequisite to operating a DMM 
unit on the Exchange. DMMs are required to be a member of the 
Exchange and pass a prescribed examination. See id. at (c)(i).
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    DMMs were conceived as a new type of market maker for a primarily 
electronic trading environment that had the ability, and the 
affirmative obligation, to contribute liquidity in a security by 
trading competitively for the DMM unit's dealer account. DMMs were 
designed to function in a manner substantially different from the 
manner in which specialists had previously functioned on the Exchange. 
In particular, DMMs no longer received copies of orders entered in 
Exchange systems prior to the orders' publication to all market 
participants. Similarly, the Exchange eliminated the negative 
obligation \11\ to yield trading for a DMM unit's proprietary account 
in order to allow public orders to be executed against each other. In 
addition, DMMs ceased to serve as the responsible broker-dealer for 
orders on NYSE's book.\12\
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    \11\ The negative obligation as set forth in Rule 11b-1 under 
the Act required that a specialist's dealings be restricted, so far 
as practicable, to those reasonably necessary to permit the 
specialist to maintain a fair and orderly market. See 17 CFR 
240.11b-1(a)(2)(iii).
    \12\ See, e.g., Release No. 58845, 73 FR at 64381.
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    Although DMM units were not acting as responsible broker-dealers 
for orders on the NYSE's book, individual DMMs retained affirmative 
obligations with respect to the quality of the markets in their 
assigned securities as set forth in Rule 104, described more fully 
below. In addition, DMM units were required to maintain adequate 
minimum capital based on their registered securities, and to use their 
capital to engage in a course of dealings for their own accounts to 
assist in the maintenance, so far as practicable, of a fair and orderly 
market. Transactions on the Exchange by a DMM for the DMM unit's 
account are expected to be effected in a reasonable and orderly manner 
in relation to the condition of the general market and the market in a 
particular stock. Further, DMMs are required to maintain a bid or offer 
at the National Best Bid or National Best Offer (``inside'') for 
securities in which the DMM unit is registered for a certain percentage 
of the trading day based on the average daily volume of the security. 
DMMs are also required to facilitate transactions in their assigned 
securities during openings and reopenings as well as at the close of 
trading as required by Exchange rules,\13\ including the obligation to 
supply liquidity as needed. Currently, DMM and DMM unit algorithms have 
access to aggregate order information in order to comply with these 
requirements.\14\
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    \13\ Rule 7.35A sets forth additional specific responsibilities 
of DMMs with respect to Core Open Auctions and Trading Halt 
Auctions. Rule 7.35B sets forth additional responsibilities of DMMs 
with respect to Closing Auctions. The Exchange is not proposing 
changes to those rules.
    \14\ DMM unit algorithms, however, are not provided aggregated 
buying and selling interest for the Closing Auction until after the 
end of Core Trading Hours.
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    These DMM obligations are accompanied by a variety of restrictions 
related to communications from the Trading Floor contained in Rule 36 
and DMM trading and information flow contained in Rule 98. These rules, 
as well as the requirements of Rule 104, the main rule setting forth 
the obligations of Exchange DMM units and DMMs, and the related 
requirements embodied in the allocation process set forth in Rule 103B, 
are described below.
Rule 36
    Rule 36 governs the establishment of telephone or electronic 
communications connections between the Floor and other specified 
locations, which requires Exchange approval. The requirements 
applicable to DMM units and DMMs are set forth in Supplementary 
Material .30 (DMM Unit Post Wires) and Supplementary Material .31 (DMM 
Electronically Transmitted Written Communications) to Rule 36.
    Rule 36.30 governs the establishment of telephone or electronic 
communications between the DMM units on the Trading Floor with certain 
specified off-Floor locations.
    First, Rule 36.30 provides that, with Exchange approval, a DMM unit 
may maintain a telephone line at its stock trading post location to the 
off-Floor offices of the DMM unit, the DMM unit's clearing firm, or to 
persons providing non-trading related services. The rule further 
provides that such telephone connection cannot be used for the purpose 
of transmitting to the Floor orders for the purchase or sale of 
securities. Rule 36.30 permits a DMM unit to maintain a telephone line 
at its trading post location to communicate with DMM unit personnel 
working in locations other than the off-Floor offices of the DMM unit, 
provided that the telephone numbers of such persons are provided to the 
Exchange in advance.
    Second, Rule 36.30 provides that a DMM unit may also maintain wired 
or wireless devices that have been registered with the Exchange, such 
as computer terminals or laptops, to communicate only with the system 
employing the algorithms and with individual algorithms and that will 
enable the DMM unit to activate or deactivate the system employing the 
algorithms or an individual algorithm or change such system's pre-set 
parameters.
    In addition, Rule 36.30 provides that a DMM unit registered in an 
Investment Company Unit (as defined in Rule 5.2(j)(3)), or a Trust 
Issued Receipt (the ``receipt'') as that term is defined in Rule 8.200, 
may use a telephone connection or order entry terminal at the DMM 
unit's post to enter a proprietary order in the Investment Company Unit 
or receipt in another market center, in a Component Security of such an 
Investment Company Unit or receipt, or in an options or futures 
contract related to such Investment Company Unit or receipt, and may 
use the post telephone to obtain market information with respect to 
such Investment Company Units, receipts, options, futures, or Component

[[Page 77628]]

Securities. If the order in the Component Security of the Investment 
Company Unit or receipt is to be executed on the Exchange, the order 
must be entered and executed in compliance with Exchange Rule 112.20 
and SEC Rule 11a2-2(T), and must be entered only for the purpose of 
hedging a position in the Investment Company Unit or receipt.
    Rule 36.30 requires DMM units to create and maintain records of all 
messages generated by the unit's wired or wireless devices to 
communicate with the system employing the unit's algorithms in 
compliance with Rule 440 (Books and Records) and SEC Rules 17a-3 and 
17a-4 and to maintain such records in the format prescribed by the 
Exchange.
    Rule 36.31 permits DMM units to install and maintain certain 
written electronic communications applications. Specifically, Rule 
36.31(a) permits a DMM unit, subject to Exchange approval and the 
conditions set forth in Rule 36.31, to install and maintain a wired or 
wireless device capable of sending and receiving written communications 
electronically through an Exchange-approved connection (a ``Permitted 
Communications Device'').\15\ Under Rule 36.31(b), DMM units can 
connect Floor-based personnel via a Permitted Communications Device to 
persons with whom they are otherwise permitted to communicate pursuant 
to Rules 36.30 and 98, i.e., certain personnel in the off-Floor offices 
of the DMM unit, the DMM unit's clearing operations, and persons who 
are permitted to provide non-trading related services to the DMM unit 
under Rule 98. Once connected, on-Floor and off-Floor personnel are 
permitted to use the Permitted Communications Device for two-way 
written electronic communications as permitted by Rules 36.30 and 98. 
To facilitate the DMM unit's obligation to maintain regular 
communications with listed issuers, Rule 36.31(b) also permits Floor-
based DMM personnel to utilize Permitted Communications Devices for 
written electronic communications with the listed issuer representative 
designated under Rule 104(g)(1).\16\
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    \15\ Examples of Permitted Communications Devices include email 
and instant messaging via a desktop or laptop computer.
    \16\ Current Rule 36.31 incorrectly refers to Rule 104(l)(1). As 
discussed below, the Exchange proposes to delete Rule 36.31 in its 
entirety.
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    Rule 36.31(c) requires that a DMM's member organization maintain 
records of all written communications sent from or to the DMM via the 
Permitted Communications Device in accordance with Rule 440 and SEC 
Rule 17a-4(b)(4) and in such format as may be prescribed by the 
Exchange.
    Finally, Rule 36.31(d) provides that a DMM's member organization 
must establish policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure 
that use of the Permitted Communications Device is consistent with all 
SEC rules and Exchange rules, policies, and procedures.\17\
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    \17\ Rule 36.60 (Telephone Listings) provides that a member or 
member organization may not permit a non-member to list the 
telephone number of a line terminating in a switchboard of the 
member or member organization in any type of telephone directory 
under the name of the non-member. As discussed below, the Exchange 
proposes to delete this rule in its entirety as obsolete.
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Rule 76
    Rule 76 governs the execution of ``cross'' or ``crossing'' orders 
by Floor brokers. Rule 76 applies only to manual transactions executed 
on the Trading Floor and provides that when a member has an order to 
buy and an order to sell the same security that can be crossed at the 
same price, the member is required to clearly announce to the trading 
Crowd the proposed cross by offering the security at a price that is 
higher than his or her bid by a minimum variation permitted in the 
security before crossing the orders.
    To assist Floor brokers in monitoring the price of protected 
quotations and ensuring compliance with Rule 611 of Reg NMS, Rule 76.10 
permits Floor brokers to enter a cross transaction into their hand-held 
devices (``HHD'') at a limit price consistent with customer 
instructions and as determined by the Floor broker. The Floor broker 
cannot, however, use this functionality with respect to a cross 
involving a principal order to buy and a principal order to sell 
submitted by the same broker-dealer.
    Following entry of the orders into the HHD, a quote minder function 
within Exchange systems monitors protected quotations to determine when 
the limit prices assigned to the buy and sell orders are such that the 
orders may be executed consistent with Rule 611. When the protected 
quotation permits a Rule 611-compliant print (i.e., the desired 
crossing price is at or between the protected bid and offer), quote 
minder delivers an alert message indicating that the orders may be 
crossed; captures within Exchange systems a time-stamped quote that 
includes the time the alert is sent to the Floor broker and the 
protected bid and offer at that time; starts a 20-second timer; and 
enables a ``print'' key function in the HHD allowing the Floor broker 
to cross the orders and print the trade through Exchange systems to the 
Consolidated Tape within that 20-second time period.\18\
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    \18\ If Exchange systems do not receive the ``print'' message 
from the Floor broker within the allotted time period, the ability 
to execute the orders and print to the Consolidated Tape will expire 
and the cross instructions will be canceled.
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    Floor brokers utilize the 20-second period to comply with Rule 76's 
requirement that a Floor broker ``clear'' the trading Crowd before 
executing a cross transaction, which is accomplished by the broker 
verbally announcing the cross trade at the post/panel of the DMM unit 
for the subject security. If there is other Floor broker and/or DMM 
interest in response to the verbal announcement of the cross trade, the 
Floor broker must trade with such interest on behalf of the applicable 
customer order(s). If the original terms of a cross transaction cannot 
be met for any reason, for example, if the crowd trades with a portion 
of either the bid or offer and the Floor broker cannot otherwise 
complete the proposed cross transaction in the size or price as 
entered, the originally-entered proposed cross transaction is 
cancelled. If the proposed cross trade is not broken up, the Floor 
broker may proceed to execute the trade by selecting the ``print'' key 
in the HHD prior to the expiration of the 20-second timer, which also 
transmits a message to Exchange systems to print the transaction to the 
Consolidated Tape. The completed transaction is then printed to the 
Consolidated Tape at that price. The DMM confirms the Floor broker 
announcement as required by Rule 76 in Exchange systems.
Rule 98
    Rule 98 governs the operation of DMM units and incorporates various 
organizational structures for operating a DMM unit and restrictions on 
DMM trading.
    Rule 98 contains narrowly tailored restrictions to address the fact 
that DMMs, while on the Trading Floor, may have access to certain 
Floor-based non-public information and requires DMM units to maintain 
procedures and controls to prevent the misuse of material, non-public 
information that are effective and appropriate for that member 
organization. Current Rule 98 generally reflects a principles-based 
approach to prohibit the misuse of material nonpublic information by a 
member organization that operates a DMM unit.\19\
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    \19\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 72534 (July 3, 
2014), 79 FR 39019 (July 9, 2014) (SR-NYSE-2014-12) (Order Approving 
Proposed Rule Change Amending Rule 98 To Adopt a Principles-based 
Approach To Prohibit the Misuse of Material Nonpublic Information 
and Make Conforming Changes to Other Exchange Rules).

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[[Page 77629]]

    Specifically, under Rule 98(c)(2), a member organization seeking 
approval to operate a ``DMM unit,'' which means a trading unit within a 
member organization approved pursuant to Rule 103 (Registration and 
Capital Requirements of DMMs and DMM Units) to act as a DMM unit,\20\ 
pursuant to Rule 98 must maintain and enforce written policies and 
procedures reasonably designed, taking into consideration the nature of 
such member organization's business, (1) to prevent the misuse of 
material, non-public information by such member organization or persons 
associated with such member organization, and (2) to ensure compliance 
with applicable federal laws and regulations and with Exchange 
rules.\21\ Further, Rule 98(c)(3)(A) provides that a member 
organization shall protect against the misuse of ``Floor-based non-
public order information'' \22\ and that only the Trading Floor-based 
employees of the DMM unit and individuals responsible for the direct 
supervision of the DMM unit's Floor-based operations may have access 
(as permitted pursuant to Rule 104) to Floor-based non-public order 
information.
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    \20\ See Rule 98(b)(1) (defining DMM unit).
    \21\ Rule 98(c)(2) provides examples of conduct that would 
constitute the misuse of material, non-public information, 
including, but not limited to: (1) trading in any securities issued 
by a corporation, or in any related product, while in possession of 
material-non-public information concerning the issuer; or (2) 
trading in a security or related product, while in possession of 
material non-public information concerning imminent transactions in 
the security or related product; or (3) disclosing to another person 
or entity any material, non-public information involving a 
corporation whose shares are publicly traded or an imminent 
transaction in an underlying security or related product for the 
purpose of facilitating the possible misuse of such material, non-
public information. See Rule 98(c)(2)(A)-(C).
    \22\ Rule 98(b)(4) defines ``Floor-based non-public order'' as 
any order, whether expressed electronically or verbally, or any 
information regarding a reasonably imminent non-public transaction 
or series of transactions entered or intended for entry or execution 
on the Exchange and which is not publicly available on a real-time 
basis via an Exchange-provided datafeed, such as NYSE 
OpenBook[supreg] or otherwise not publicly available. Non-public 
orders include order information at the opening, re-openings, the 
close, and order information in Exchange systems that is not 
available via NYSE OpenBook[supreg].
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    Rule 98(c)(3)(B) specifies the restrictions applicable to employees 
of the DMM unit while on the Trading Floor. Rule 98(c)(3)(C) also 
provides that a Floor-based employee of a DMM unit who moves to a 
location off the Trading Floor, or any person who provides risk 
management oversight or supervision of the Floor-based operations of 
the DMM unit and becomes aware of Floor-based non-public order 
information, shall not (1) make such information available to 
customers, (2) make such information available to individuals or 
systems responsible for making trading decisions in DMM securities in 
away markets or related products, or (3) use any such information in 
connection with making trading decisions in DMM securities in away 
markets or related products. The rule covers an individual that leaves 
the Floor, as well as a manager providing oversight or supervision of 
the Floor-based operations of the DMM unit. Submission and approval of 
a DMM unit's written policies and procedures addressing the 
requirements of Rule 98 is a prerequisite to operating a DMM unit on 
the Trading Floor.
    Rule 98(e) sets forth the procedures a DMM unit must follow in the 
event the DMM unit receives from the member organization or approved 
person non-public information about a security allocated to the DMM 
unit.
    Rule 98(f) describes certain reporting obligations for, among 
others, DMM units, including the requirement that a DMM unit promptly 
report to the Exchange any failure to maintain the confidentiality of 
Floor-based non-public order information, as required by Rule 
98(c).\23\
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    \23\ See Rule 98(f)(3).
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    Finally, Rule 98(g) provides that any failure by the DMM unit to 
maintain confidentiality of Floor-based non-public order information or 
any breach of any internal controls established to protect such 
information, may result in the imposition of appropriate regulatory 
sanctions, including a withdrawal of the registration of one or more 
securities of the DMM unit or the withdrawal of the approval to operate 
a DMM unit.
    Submission and approval of a DMM unit's written policies and 
procedures addressing the requirements of Rule 98 is a prerequisite to 
operating a DMM unit on the Trading Floor.
Rule 103B \24\
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    \24\ Rule 103, which governs registration and capital 
requirements of DMMs and DMM units, provides that as a condition of 
a member organization's registration as a DMM unit in one or more 
securities, the Exchange may at any time require such DMM unit to 
act as an odd-lot dealer in such securities as provided under the 
rules of the Exchange. See Rule 103(d). As discussed below, the 
Exchange proposes to delete Rule 103(d) as obsolete.
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    Rule 103B(III) sets out the procedures under which DMM units are 
assigned to securities listed on the Exchange: an issuer may either 
select a DMM unit after interviewing all DMM units eligible to 
participate in the allocation process (Rule 103B(III)(A)), or delegate 
the authority for selecting its DMM unit to the Exchange (Rule 
103B(III)(B)).\25\
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    \25\ Rule 103B(VI)(A)(1) also sets out an abbreviated DMM 
allocation process for listing companies that are a spin-off of or a 
company related to a listed company or one that lists a Related 
Security as defined in Rule 103B(VI)(A)(2).
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    If the issuer proceeds under the first option, the listing company 
must select all DMM units to be interviewed from the pool of DMM units 
eligible to participate in the allocation process.\26\ A DMM unit's 
eligibility to participate in the allocation process is based on 
objective criteria and determined at the time the interview is 
scheduled.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ See Rule 103B(III)(A)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Within five business days after the issuer selects the DMM units to 
be interviewed, the issuer meets with representatives of each of the 
DMM units. At least one representative of the listing company must be a 
senior official of the rank of Corporate Secretary or above of that 
company. Additionally, no more than three representatives of each DMM 
unit may participate in the meeting, each of whom must be an employee 
of the DMM unit, and one of whom must be the individual DMM who is 
proposed to trade the company's security, unless that DMM is 
unavailable to appear, in which case a telephone interview is 
permitted.\27\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \27\ See Rule 103B(III)(A)(2)(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Once a DMM unit is selected, the individual DMM assigned to the 
security through the Rule 103B process must remain the assigned DMM for 
at least one year from the date that the issuer begins trading on the 
Exchange. The DMM unit may designate a different individual DMM within 
the year by notifying the Exchange of the change and setting forth the 
reasons for the change with the consent and approval of the issuer.\28\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \28\ See Rule 103B(III)(C).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Rule 103B(VI)(H) sets forth the allocation sunset policy, which 
provides that allocation decisions remain effective for initial public 
offerings that list on the Exchange within eighteen months of such 
decision and that, in situations where the proposed individual DMM is 
no longer with the selected DMM unit, the company may choose to stay 
with the selected DMM unit or be referred to allocation and may 
interview a replacement individual DMM prior to making that decision.
Rule 104
    Rule 104 sets forth the obligations of DMMs and DMM units. Under 
Rule 104(a), DMMs registered in one or more securities traded on the 
Exchange are required to engage in a course of dealings for their own 
account to assist

[[Page 77630]]

in the maintenance of a fair and orderly market insofar as reasonably 
practicable.
    Rule 104(a)(1) enumerates the specific responsibilities and duties 
of a DMM, including: (1) maintenance of a continuous two-sided quote, 
which mandates that each DMM maintain a bid or an offer at the National 
Best Bid (``NBB'') and National Best Offer (``NBO'') (together, the 
``NBBO'') for a certain percentage of the trading day,\29\ and (2) the 
facilitation of, among other things, openings, re-openings, and the 
close of trading for the DMM's assigned securities, all of which may 
include supplying liquidity as needed.\30\ The Exchange provides access 
to aggregate order information in order for DMMs and DMM units to 
comply with the requirement to facilitate openings, reopenings, and the 
close of trading.\31\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \29\ See Rule 104(a)(1). Specifically, for securities that are 
not ETPs and that have a consolidated average daily volume of less 
than one million shares per calendar month, a DMM unit must maintain 
a bid or an offer at the NBBO for at least 15% of the trading day. 
For securities that are not ETPs with a consolidated average daily 
volume equal to or greater than one million shares, a DMM unit must 
maintain a bid or an offer at the NBBO for at least 10% or more of 
the trading day. Finally, for ETPs, a DMM unit must maintain a bid 
or an offer at the NBBO for at least 25% of the trading day. Reserve 
or other hidden orders entered by the DMM would not be included in 
the inside quote calculations. See id. at (a)(1)(A).
    \30\ See id. at (a)(2)-(3). Rule 104(e) further provides that 
DMM units must provide contra-side liquidity as needed for the 
execution of odd-lot quantities eligible to be executed as part of 
the opening, reopening, and closing transactions but that remain 
unpaired after the DMM has paired all other eligible round lot sized 
interest.
    \31\ See id. DMMs utilize access to aggregate order information 
in order to be able to publish a non-mandatory manual closing 
imbalance beginning one hour before the scheduled end of Core 
Trading Hours up to the Closing Auction Imbalance Freeze Time under 
Rule 7.35B(d)(2). Since the Exchange is eliminating access to such 
aggregate order information intraday, it would be unavailable to 
DMMs at the close, and the Exchange accordingly proposes to delete 
Rule 7.35B(d)(2) and the clause ``and if published, Manual Closing 
Imbalance'' in Rule 7.35B(e)(1)(B).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Rule 104(c) imposes an affirmative obligation on DMMs to maintain, 
insofar as reasonably practicable, a fair and orderly market on the 
Exchange in assigned securities, including maintaining price continuity 
with reasonable depth and trading for the DMM's own account when lack 
of price continuity, lack of depth, or disparity between supply and 
demand exists or is reasonably to be anticipated.
    Rule 104(d) governs transactions by DMMs and provides that 
transactions on the Exchange by a DMM for the DMM's account must be 
effected in a reasonable and orderly manner in relation to the 
condition of the general market and the market in the particular 
security.
    Rule 104(d)(1)(A) defines a DMM unit transaction that is a purchase 
(sale) that reaches across the market \32\ to trade as the contra-side 
to the Exchange published offer (bid), and is priced above (below) the 
last differently-priced trade on the Exchange and above (below) the 
last differently-priced published offer (bid) on the Exchange as an 
``Aggressing Transaction.'' Rule 104(d)(1)(B) prohibits Aggressing 
Transactions during the last ten minutes prior to the scheduled close 
of trading that would result in a new high (low) price for a security 
on the Exchange for the day at the time of the DMM's transaction, 
unless such transaction would match another market's better bid or 
offer price, bring the price of that security into parity with an 
underlying or related security or asset, or would liquidate or decrease 
the position of the DMM unit \33\ (``Prohibited Transactions'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \32\ A DMM reaches across the market when the DMM buys from the 
NYSE offer or sells to the NYSE bid.
    \33\ The phrase ``the position of the DMM unit'' in Rule 
104(d)(1)(B) means the DMM unit's inventory of securities exclusive 
of pending, unexecuted orders and has the same meaning as ``net 
position information in DMM securities'' in Rule 98(c)(5). See Rule 
104(d)(1)(B)(i). Current Rule 104(d)(1)(B)(i) incorrectly refers to 
subsection (g)(1)(B), which the Exchange proposes to correct.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Rule 104(d)(2) provides that the DMM unit's obligation to maintain 
a fair and orderly market may require re-entry on the opposite side of 
the market after effecting one or more transactions and that such re-
entry should be commensurate with the size of the transaction(s) and 
the immediate and anticipated needs of the market, with two provisos:
     First, following an Aggressing Transaction, other than an 
Aggressing Transaction involving an ETP, the DMM unit must re-enter the 
opposite side of the market at or before the applicable Price 
Participation Point (``PPP'') for that security commensurate with the 
size of the Aggressing Transaction.
     Second, following an Aggressing Transaction, other than an 
Aggressing Transaction involving an ETP, that (1) is 10,000 shares or 
more or has a market value of $200,000 or more and (2) exceeds 50% of 
the published offer (bid) size, the DMM unit must immediately re-enter 
the opposite side of the market at or before the applicable PPP for 
that security commensurate with the size of the Aggressing Transaction.
    Rule 104(e) describes the Trading Floor functions of DMMs. 
Specifically, Rule 104(e)(i) codifies the following DMM Trading Floor 
functions:
     maintaining order among Floor brokers manually trading at 
the DMM's assigned panel;
     bringing Floor brokers together to facilitate trading, 
which may include the DMM as a buyer or seller;
     assisting a Floor broker with respect to an order by 
providing information regarding the status of a Floor broker's orders, 
helping to resolve errors or questioned trades, adjusting errors, and 
cancelling or inputting Floor broker agency interest on behalf of a 
Floor broker; and
     researching the status of orders or questioned trades on 
his or her own initiative or at the request of the Exchange or a Floor 
broker when a Floor broker's handheld device is not operational, when 
there is activity indicating that a potentially erroneous order was 
entered or a potentially erroneous trade was executed, or when there 
otherwise is an indication that improper activity may be occurring.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ See Rule 104(e)(i)(A)-(D).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Rule 104(e)(ii) provides that the Exchange may make systems 
available to a DMM at the DMM unit post that display aggregate buying 
and selling interest and post-trade information about securities in 
which the DMM is registered. Rule 104(e)(ii) prohibits a DMM from using 
any information provided by Exchange systems pursuant to subparagraph 
(ii) in a manner that would violate Exchange rules or federal 
securities laws or regulations.
    Rule 104(e)(iii) permits DMMs to provide market information 
available to the DMM at the post as described in subparagraph (e)(ii) 
to respond to Floor broker inquiries in the normal course of business, 
or visitors to the Trading Floor for the purpose of demonstrating 
methods of trading, provided that a Floor broker may not submit an 
inquiry pursuant to Rule 104(e)(iii) by electronic means and the DMM 
may not use electronic means to transmit market information to a Floor 
broker in response to a Floor broker's inquiry pursuant to subparagraph 
(e)(iii).
    Rule 104(f) governs temporary DMMs and provides that, in the event 
of an emergency, such as the absence of the DMM, or when the volume of 
business in a particular stock or stocks is so great that it cannot be 
handled by the assigned DMMs without assistance, a Trading Official may 
authorize a member of the Exchange who is not registered as a DMM in 
such stock or stocks, to act as a temporary DMM for that day only.
    Finally, Rule 104(g) sets forth the obligation of DMMs to 
communicate with their listed issuers. Pursuant to Rule 104(g)(1), on 
at least a quarterly basis, each DMM unit must communicate with one or 
more senior

[[Page 77631]]

officials of each issuer of listed securities in whose securities DMMs 
associated with the DMM unit are registered, with the exception of 
ADRs. Rule 104(g)(2) provides that the periodic communication 
requirement can be met by either in-person meetings, telephone calls, 
or written communications. Rule 104(g)(2)(B) prohibits an employee of a 
DMM unit from communicating with a listed issuer contact from the 
Trading Floor via telephone, but states that such an employee may, 
while on the Trading Floor, use written electronic communications to 
communicate with a listed issuer contact from the Trading Floor, 
subject to Rule 36.31.\35\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ Rule 104A contains various DMM trade and data reporting 
requirements carried over from the specialist era, all of which the 
Exchange proposes to delete as duplicative of Exchange and SEC books 
and recordkeeping requirements. Rule 106A provides that when a 
member temporarily takes the book of a DMM or an order from another 
member, he or she shall, while he or she is in possession of that 
book or order and for the remainder of the day, stand in the same 
relationship to the book or order as the DMM or other member. The 
Exchange proposes to delete Rule 106A as obsolete.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Proposed Rule Changes
    The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 104 to eliminate DMM access to 
aggregate order information intraday with one limited exception for 
reopenings and limit the DMMs' ability to utilize and disseminate this 
information when it is provided by the Exchange. Henceforth, DMM access 
to aggregate order information to facilitate the Closing Auction would 
be only as needed and outside Core Trading Hours. In addition, the 
Exchange proposes amendments to Rule 76 that would permit the Exchange 
to announce manual cross transactions, thereby removing any involvement 
by individual DMMs in these transactions.
    Based on these changes to Rules 104 and 76, the Exchange believes 
it would be appropriate to remove the restrictions on a DMM unit's 
communications from the Trading Floor in Rule 36 and the specific Rule 
98 restrictions arising from the presence of Floor-based non-public 
order information. The Exchange notes that DMM units and DMMs would 
remain subject to the Rule 98 prohibitions against disadvantaging 
customers or other market participants by improperly capitalizing on 
material, non-public information from any source. DMM unit operations 
together with upstairs customer-facing and other operations would 
continue to need to protect customer information consistent with 
existing obligations that also apply to equity market makers registered 
on other exchanges.
    In addition, the Exchange proposes to redefine an Aggressing 
Transaction in Rule 104 as a purchase (sale) that reaches across the 
market to trade as the contra-side of the Exchange published bid 
(offer) priced above (below) the last consolidated trade. As discussed 
below, given that the majority of volume in Exchange listed securities 
is effectuated away from the Exchange, utilizing the last consolidated 
trade as the benchmark for DMM transactions that reach across the 
market would provide a more meaningful measure of the market for the 
underlying security and the aggressiveness of the DMM transaction. The 
Exchange would make DMM re-entry on the opposite side of the market at 
or before the applicable PPP for that security more deterministic by 
requiring re-entry to be at the same size as the Aggressing 
Transaction. The Exchange also proposes to eliminate the prohibition on 
DMMs engaging in Aggressing Transactions during the last ten minutes 
prior to the scheduled close of trading.
    The Exchange has long maintained that, in today's marketplace, 
primarily electronic DMM market-making activity is not materially 
different from market-making on other exchanges. The Exchange believes 
that the proposed changes provide a framework for DMM units to operate 
more like other market makers while retaining the DMM's unique 
responsibilities to the marketplace and continuing to guard against the 
misuse of material, non-public information. As part of this effort to 
reduce barriers to entry for member organizations interested in 
operating a DMM unit on the Trading Floor, the Exchange proposes an 
introductory program that would permit eligible member organizations to 
make markets in ETPs remotely as DMM units for an initial 12-month ramp 
up period before transitioning to become fully operational Floor-based 
DMM units. The Exchange believes this initiative would attract new DMM 
units to the Exchange and enhance competition among existing and 
prospective DMM units.
Rule 104
    Rule 104 forms the cornerstone of DMM and DMM unit responsibilities 
and obligations when trading assigned listed securities. The Exchange 
proposes to shift the focus of the rule in places from the performance 
of individual DMMs assessed by reference to qualitative criteria to the 
DMM unit's performance to be assessed by a combination of qualitative 
measures and fee-based incentives. This shift would also be reflected 
in the elimination in Rule 103B of the requirement that issuers 
interview the individual DMM proposed to trade their security as part 
of the allocation process and the requirement that the same individual 
DMM trade the new listing for one year from the date the issuer begins 
trading on the Exchange. The Exchange would also make technical and 
clarifying changes to Rule 104.
    The Exchange believes that the proposed change would modernize Rule 
104 by removing the rule's emphasis on the individual Floor-based 
market maker. The Exchange believes that this is a vestige of the 
specialist system, where the conduct and skill of the individual trader 
assigned to a listed security were paramount considerations in a manual 
trading environment. In a marketplace dominated by electronic trading, 
Rule 104 should instead focus on the obligations and responsibilities 
of the DMM unit, which as the license holder is the responsible broker-
dealer.\36\ The proposed change is not intended to dilute any of the 
standards applicable to individual DMMs and other persons associated 
with the DMM unit, as these persons would continue to have the same 
duties and obligations as a member organization under the Exchange's 
rules.\37\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \36\ See Rule 2(b)(i) (defining a member organization as a 
registered broker or dealer); Rule 300(a) (providing that trading 
licenses are issued to member organizations).
    \37\ See, e.g., Rule 0(b) (``The Exchange's Rules shall apply to 
all member organizations and persons associated with a member 
organization. Persons associated with a member organization shall 
have the same duties and obligations as a member organization under 
these Rules'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To effectuate these changes in Rule 104, the Exchange proposes to 
add ``DMM unit'' and/or replace ``DMM'' with ``DMM unit'' in several 
places in the rule, as follows:
     The title of the rule would be changed to ``Dealings and 
Responsibilities of DMMs and DMM Units.''
     The first sentence of Rule 104(a) would obligate DMM units 
to engage in a course of dealings for their own account to assist in 
the maintenance of a fair and orderly market insofar as reasonably 
practicable, and the last sentence of Rule 104(a) would refer to the 
responsibilities and duties of a DMM unit.
     The first sentence of Rule 104(a)(1)(B) would set forth 
the applicable pricing obligations during the trading day that a DMM 
unit must adhere to, and the Exchange also proposes conforming changes 
in Rule 104(a)(1)(B)(i) governing bid and offer quotations and in the 
last sentence of the rule.

[[Page 77632]]

     Rule 104(a)(2) would set forth the obligation to 
facilitate transactions in DMM unit assigned securities during openings 
and reopenings as required by Exchange rules.
     Rule 104(a)(3) would set forth the DMM unit's obligation 
to facilitate transactions in their assigned securities during the 
close of trading.
     The heading to Rule 104(d) would be changed to 
``Transactions by DMM Units'' with one conforming change in Rule 
104(d)(1) and one in Rule 104(d)(1)(B).
    The Exchange proposes the following additional changes to Rule 104.
Rule 104(a)
    The Exchange proposes to transpose the current qualitative criteria 
for assessing maintenance of a fair and orderly market from current 
Rules 104(c)(2) and (c)(3) to Rule 104(a) with the following clarifying 
changes:
     The Exchange proposes to replace ``implies'' with 
``means'' and ``disparity'' with ``imbalance'' in the first sentence of 
the text transposed from Rule 104(c)(2). As proposed, the sentence 
would read ``The maintenance of a fair and orderly market means the 
maintenance of price continuity with reasonable depth, to the extent 
possible consistent with the ability of participants to use permitted 
DMM order types, and the minimizing of the effects of temporary 
imbalances between supply and demand.''
     In the second sentence of the text transposed from Rule 
104(c)(2), the Exchange would replace ``it is commonly desirable that'' 
with ``should.'' As proposed, the sentence would read ``In connection 
with the maintenance of a fair and orderly market, DMM units should 
engage to a reasonable degree under existing circumstances in dealings 
for the DMM unit's own account when lack of price continuity, lack of 
depth, or disparity between supply and demand exists or is reasonably 
to be anticipated.''
     In the second full paragraph of proposed Rule 104(a), the 
Exchange would add ``minimum'' before ``Depth Guidelines'' in the first 
sentence of text transposed from Rule 104(c)(3). Further, the Exchange 
would add the following clause to the end of the third sentence of the 
second full paragraph: ``provided, however, compliance with the 
suggested minimum Depth Guidelines does not by itself establish 
maintenance of a fair and orderly market.''
    As proposed, Rule 104(a) would reflect the responsibility of the 
DMM unit for the overall quality of markets in its registered 
securities, which would include the activities of its employee DMMs.
    The Exchange would add a subheading to Rule 104(a)(1)(A) titled 
``Two-Sided Obligation'' to mirror the subheading in Rule 104(a)(1)(B).
    In Rule 104(a)(1)(B)(i) governing bid and offer quotations, the 
Exchange would replace a reference to paragraph (1)(A) of the rule with 
the defined term Two-Sided Obligation.
    As noted, Rule 104(a)(2) sets forth the obligation to facilitate 
transactions in assigned securities during openings and reopenings, 
including the obligation to supply liquidity as needed, and Rule 
104(a)(3) sets forth the obligation to facilitate the close of trading. 
Both rules provide that DMM and DMM unit algorithms will have access to 
aggregate order information in order to comply with the respective 
requirements.
    The Exchange proposes to eliminate intraday DMM and DMM unit access 
to aggregate order information with one limited exception for 
reopenings.\38\ As proposed, in order to facilitate openings and 
reopenings pursuant to Rule 104(a)(2), DMMs and DMM units would only 
have access to non-public aggregate order information as needed and 
only (1) before the open or until a security opens for trading, or (2) 
while trading is halted and only until a security is reopened for 
trading. In order to facilitate the close of trading, as proposed, DMMs 
and DMM units would only have access to non-public aggregate order 
information as needed and only after the end of Core Trading Hours.\39\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ As a practical matter, all information available only to 
the DMM prior to the opening would also be included in the opening 
imbalance feed.
    \39\ As previously noted, the information available at each 
price point is unavailable in the Auction Imbalance Information, 
although this information is used to calculate the Continuous Book 
Clearing Price, which is disseminated via Auction Imbalance 
Information. DMM unit algorithms are not currently provided access 
to such non-public information until the beginning of Core Trading 
Hours for the open and until after the end of Core Trading Hours for 
the close, and only in connection with messaging for the DMM to 
electronically facilitate the close of trading, and the Exchange 
proposes this would continue. As a practical matter, the information 
currently available to DMMs would be restricted as proposed. See 
also note 6, supra.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    A new proposed Rule 104(a)(4) would transpose current Rule 
104(e)(ii) and replace ``aggregated buying and selling interest'' with 
``aggregate order information.'' The Exchange would also add 
specifically with respect to aggregate order information that, except 
as provided in proposed Rule 104(a)(5) described below, such 
information may only be used by DMMs and DMM units to satisfy the 
responsibilities and duties set forth in Rule 104(a)(1)-(3), and may 
only be disseminated to employees of DMM units, and the individuals 
responsible for direct supervision of DMM units.
    In addition, the Exchange proposes a new Rule 104(a)(5) based on 
current Rule 104(e)(iii) that would permit the DMM to provide the 
information described in proposed Rule 104(a)(4) in response to an 
inquiry from a Floor broker, provided that aggregate order information 
can only be provided in response to an inquiry before the open or until 
a security opens for trading, or while trading is halted and only until 
a security is reopened for trading. The Exchange further proposes to 
retain the current requirements that Floor broker inquiries be made by 
electronic means and that the DMM use electronic means to transmit 
market information to a Floor broker in response to a Floor broker's 
inquiry pursuant to this subparagraph (5).
Rule 104(c)
    Rule 104(c) sets forth the functions of DMMs. In addition to 
transposing the text of Rule 104(c)(2) and (c)(3) to Rule 104(a) 
without change (other than the non-substantive clarifying changes 
described above), the Exchange proposes to add ``and DMM units'' 
following DMM in current Rule 104(c)(4) (proposed to be renumbered as 
(c)(2)) to clarify that both DMMs and DMM units are designated as 
market makers on the Exchange for all purposes under the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder.
    In addition, the Exchange would delete Rule 104(c)(5) in its 
entirety as obsolete. Rule 104(c)(5) was added in anticipation of the 
listing of ETPs on the Trading Floor in order to provide the Exchange 
with adequate time to calculate the appropriate Depth Guidelines for 
ETPs based on actual trading data. The first ETP listed in November 
2022 and appropriate Depth Guidelines were implemented that same year, 
rendering Rule 104(c)(5) obsolete.
Rule 104(d)
    Rule 104(d)(1)(A) defines an Aggressing Transaction as a DMM unit 
transaction that (1) is a purchase (sale) that reaches across the 
market to trade as the contra-side to the Exchange published offer 
(bid), and (2) is priced above (below) the last differently-priced 
trade on the Exchange and above (below) the last differently-priced 
published offer (bid) on the Exchange. Pursuant to Rule 104(d)(B), a 
DMM transaction in the last ten minutes of trading is prohibited if it 
is an Aggressing Transaction, i.e., reaches across the market, and, as 
a result,

[[Page 77633]]

creates a new Exchange high or low, unless the transaction would match 
another market's better bid or offer price, bring the price of that 
security into parity with an underlying or related security or asset, 
or would liquidate or decrease the position of the DMM unit.
    First, the Exchange proposes to modify the second leg of the 
definition of Aggressing Transaction. As proposed, an Aggressing 
Transaction would be (1) a purchase (sale) that reaches across the 
market to trade as the contra-side to the Exchange published offer 
(bid) that (2) is priced above (below) the last consolidated sale. The 
Exchange believes that the last consolidated trade is a more meaningful 
benchmark of the market for the underlying security since most intraday 
trading in Exchange listed securities occurs away from the NYSE. 
Assessing whether a trade that reaches across the market by reference 
to whether that transaction aggressively moves the price above (below) 
the last consolidated trade rather than above (below) the last trade on 
the Exchange and above (below) the last differently-priced published 
bid or offer on the Exchange could thus result in identifying a greater 
number of potentially disruptive DMM unit transactions. Moreover, these 
transactions would remain subject to the DMM unit re-entry obligations 
on the opposite side of the market set forth in Rule 104(d)(2) and 
which this proposal does not seek to change.
    Second, the Exchange proposes to delete Rule 104(d)(B) to eliminate 
Prohibited Transactions.
    Prohibited Transactions originated as a rule intended to prevent 
Exchange specialists from setting a price in the final ten minutes of 
trading to advantage the specialist's proprietary position in a 
security.\40\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \40\ In 2018, the Exchange replaced four types of DMM 
transactions based on the DMM's position (Neutral, Non-conditional, 
Conditional and Prohibited) with a single, enhanced DMM unit 
transaction called an ``Aggressing Transaction'' that retained 
specific re-entry requirements and was prohibited during the last 
ten minutes of trading if the transaction resulted in a new Exchange 
high or low price of the day, with exceptions for matching another 
market's better bid or offer, bringing the price of that security 
into parity with an underlying or related security or asset, or 
liquidating or decreasing the DMM unit's position. See Securities 
Exchange Act Release No. 54860 (December 1, 2006), 71 FR 71221, 
71229 (December 8, 2006) (SR-NYSE-2006-76).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As noted, over the years, the increasingly automated logic for 
executions has severely circumscribed the amount of non-public 
information that is only available to DMMs, and the Exchange has 
significantly enhanced the transparency of its marketplace.\41\ Any 
information advantage that DMMs may have had with respect to orders 
from Floor brokers--even after such interest was included in the 
Closing Auction Imbalance Information--was eliminated in 2020 once 
Floor brokers could no longer represent verbal interest intended for 
the Closing Auction and were required to enter orders for the Closing 
Auction electronically during Core Trading Hours.\42\ Moreover, DMM 
unit algorithms only have access to the same data feeds that are 
available to the public and, with the proposed elimination of the 
additional non-public information available to Floor-based DMMs, DMMs 
would have no informational advantage, however slight, in the Closing 
Auction. Like all other market participants, DMMs would only be able to 
see the imbalance but not the orders that are moving the imbalance in a 
given direction, and would have absolutely no information regarding the 
identity of the participants in the Closing Auction. Significantly, 
DMMs are now also constrained in pricing the Closing Auction. Pursuant 
to Rule 7.35B(g)(2), the Auction Price that the DMM is responsible for 
determining must be at or between the last-published Imbalance 
Reference Price and the last-published non-zero Continuous Book 
Clearing Price.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ See note 6, supra.
    \42\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92480 (July 23, 
2021), 86 FR 40885 (July 29, 2021) (SR-NYSE-2020-95) (Notice of 
Filing of Amendment No. 2 and Order Granting Accelerated Approval of 
Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 2, To Make 
Permanent Commentaries to Rule 7.35A and Commentaries to Rule 7.35B 
and To Make Related Changes to Rules 7.32, 7.35C, 46B, and 47).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Elimination of the availability of aggregate order information to 
DMMs marks the culmination of the Exchange's efforts to remove any 
suggestion of informational asymmetry going into the Closing Auction. 
As a result of the proposal, there would be no question that DMMs would 
be on the same informational footing as all other market participants 
at this crucial point in the trading day and would, like them, be 
trading without access to non-public information that individual DMMs 
could use to potentially disadvantage other market participants or 
condition the market. DMMs engaging in Aggressing Transactions in the 
final 10 minutes of the trading day would moreover be at the risk of 
the market and would remain subject to the requirement to re-enter on 
the opposite side of the market at or before the applicable PPP for the 
security, including immediate re-entry at or before the applicable PPP 
if the DMM transaction is of block size or greater. The re-entry 
requirement is designed to dampen the volatility that can ensue from a 
DMM quoting aggressively in their assigned securities throughout the 
trading day. The proposal would retain the re-entry requirement 
following an Aggressing Transaction and make it stronger and more 
deterministic by requiring the DMM unit to re-enter on the opposite 
side in the same size as the Aggressing Transaction.\43\ The Exchange 
believes the re-entry requirement represents a significant 
differentiator between DMMs and other market makers who do not have 
similar stabilizing re-entry requirements.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ For instance, a DMM unit engaging in a 500 share Aggressing 
Transaction would be required to re-enter on the opposite side at or 
before the PPP in the same quantity. To effectuate this change, 
``commensurate with'' the size of the Aggressing Transaction in Rule 
104(d)(2)(A) would be changed to ``in the same size'' as the 
Aggressing Transaction. Given this proposed bright line re-entry 
requirement, the Exchange would delete the heading to Rule 
104(d)(3), the last sentence of current Rule 104(d)(3)(A), and all 
of Rule 104(d)(3)(B). The first sentence of current Rule 
104(d)(3)(A) describing the issuance of PPP Guidelines by the 
Exchange would become new Rule 104(d)(2)(C).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    There may be a variety of reasons related to the DMM unit's 
obligations to the marketplace for a DMM unit to quote aggressively in 
assigned securities at the close. For instance, a DMM may want to add 
to an existing proprietary position in anticipation of having to add 
liquidity on the other side during the Closing Auction--in other words, 
in anticipation of facilitating the close. If Prohibited Transactions 
are retained, a DMM would continue to be prohibited from engaging in 
this type of desirable activity in the final 10 minutes of the trading 
day if adding to the DMM unit's position results in a new high or low 
price on the Exchange. Indeed, such a restriction could in fact 
negatively impact the amount of liquidity available to investors on the 
Exchange in securities in which the DMM unit has a position. The 
Exchange accordingly believes that, in light of the proposal, 
restricting DMM unit trading going into the Closing Auction no longer 
serves any meaningful regulatory or other purpose and that there would 
thus no longer be any reason to treat DMM units differently from other 
similarly situated market makers at the end of the trading day.
    The Exchange currently employs a suite of surveillances for trading 
by DMM units and other market participants intraday and in and around 
the close of trading and actively examines trading patterns for 
potential violations, including appropriate re-entry on the opposite 
side of the Aggressing Transaction. The Exchange

[[Page 77634]]

believes that its rules are reasonably designed to prevent DMMs from 
inappropriately influencing or manipulating the close. These rules 
would not change as a result of the proposal and would continue to 
require an evaluation of DMM unit trading activity, and in particular 
transactions for the DMM unit's own account, from the standpoint of the 
affirmative and other obligations to the marketplace, including the 
responsibility to ensure that openings and reopenings are fair and 
orderly, reflecting a professional assessment of market conditions at 
the time, and appropriate consideration of the balance of supply and 
demand as reflected by orders represented in the market.\44\
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    \44\ As noted, the Exchange supplies DMMs with suggested Depth 
Guidelines for each security in which a DMM is registered, and DMMs 
are expected to quote and trade with reference to the Depth 
Guidelines. See Rule 7.35A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For all the foregoing reasons, the Exchange believes that deletion 
of Rule 104(d)(B) would eliminate restrictions on DMM units that are no 
longer necessary given the evolution of trading on the Exchange, 
thereby promoting additional liquidity for investors around the close 
of trading.
Rules 104(e) and (f)
    The Exchange proposes to delete Rules 104(e) (Trading Floor 
Functions of DMMs) and (f) (Temporary DMMs).
    Rule 104(e) as noted sets forth certain permitted DMM Trading Floor 
functions, including maintaining order among Floor brokers manually 
trading at the DMM's assigned panel (Rule 104(e)(i)(A)); bringing Floor 
brokers together to facilitate trading, which may include the DMM as a 
buyer or seller (Rule 104(e)(i)(B)); assisting Floor brokers by 
providing information regarding the status of a Floor broker's orders, 
helping to resolve errors or questioned trades, adjusting errors, and 
cancelling or inputting Floor broker agency interest on behalf of a 
Floor broker (Rule 104(e)(i)(C)); and researching the status of orders 
or questioned trades on the DMM's own initiative or at the request of 
the Exchange or a Floor broker under various circumstances. Each of 
these historical functions is less important in today's marketplace 
and, to the extent necessary, can be performed by Exchange staff rather 
than by DMMs. In addition, as set forth in Rule 104(e)(ii), the 
Exchange makes available to DMMs aggregated buying and selling interest 
and post-trade information in the securities in which the DMM is 
registered in order to facilitate these Trading Floor functions. As 
discussed above, the Exchange proposes a new Rule 104(a)(4) to retain 
the substance of current Rule 104(e)(ii) and a new Rule 104(a)(5) to 
permit DMMs to provide aggregate order information only in connection 
with a Floor broker inquiry before the open or until a security opens 
for trading, or while trading is halted and only until a security is 
reopened for trading, in connection with the facilitation of the 
opening or reopening of a security. The current restrictions on 
electronic submission of an inquiry and electronic transmission of 
market information in response to the inquiry would also be retained.
    The Exchange would delete Rule 104(f) governing temporary DMMs as 
obsolete. The rule has rarely been invoked. Moreover, the Exchange's 
rules provide for relief DMMs, which would be available during the 
trading day to ensure no interruption of the continuity of DMM service 
to the market.
Rule 104(g)
    As noted, Rule 104(g) sets forth the obligation of DMMs to 
communicate with their listed issuers. In view of the proposed changes 
to Rule 36 discussed below, permitting communications with any 
individual, including employees from listed issuers, from the Trading 
Floor, consistent with Rule 98, the Exchange proposes conforming 
changes to Rule 104(g)(2)(B), which currently prohibits communications 
with a listed issuer contact from the Trading Floor via telephone and 
limiting communication from the Trading Floor to written electronic 
communications. As proposed, Rule 104(g)(2)(B) would permit employees 
of a DMM unit to communicate with a listed issuer contact from the 
Trading Floor via telephone or written electronic communications, 
consistent with Rule 36.30 and Rule 98. Current Rule 104(g)(2)(A) 
requires that employees of a DMM unit comply with the requirements of 
Rule 98 with respect to the information that may be shared with the 
listed issuer contact during the required communications, which would 
include communications from the Trading Floor. Rule 36.30 as proposed 
also requires DMM units to establish policies and procedures reasonably 
designed to ensure that use of telephones and alternative communication 
devices, as well as permitted communications devices, are consistent 
with all SEC rules and Exchange rules. Taken together, these 
restrictions would require DMM units to reasonably ensure that 
communications with listed issuer contacts from the Trading Floor are 
restricted to information that is permitted by the federal securities 
laws and Exchange rules.
    Rule 104(g) would become new Rule 104(e) and the numbering would be 
removed from proposed Rule 104(e)(2).
Rule 76
    The Exchange proposes to modernize the way Floor brokers execute 
cross transactions on the Trading Floor. Rather than perpetuating the 
current practice of a Floor broker verbally announcing the cross trade 
at the post/panel of the DMM unit for the subject security and having 
the DMM acknowledge the Floor broker announcement, the Exchange 
proposes to undertake these functions, thereby eliminating any 
interaction between a Floor broker and a DMM during cross transactions. 
The proposed change is consistent with and complements the elimination 
of the remaining intraday DMM Trading Floor functions set forth in Rule 
104, described above.
    As proposed, Floor brokers entering a cross transaction into 
Exchange systems would activate a 20-second timer as occurs today, with 
the difference that once the 20-second period starts, the Exchange 
would announce the proposed cross transaction in place of the current 
verbal announcement at the DMM unit post/panel. The Exchange believes 
that the proposal would thereby remove any potential for individual 
DMMs to interact with Floor brokers in connection with these 
transactions.
    In today's marketplace, cross transactions are negotiated upstairs 
by customers seeking a primary market print or customers who do not 
wish to have their orders handled by broker-dealers that also trade as 
principal. As a practical matter, cross transactions are no longer 
arranged at the point of sale by Floor brokers interacting with other 
brokers and the DMM in a physical trading crowd. In the current 
environment, verbally announcing a proposed cross transaction at a 
post/panel means announcing it to the DMM and any other Floor brokers 
that happen to be nearby. As proposed, the Exchange would announce the 
cross transaction to all Floor-based participants. If there is interest 
in response to the Exchange announcement of the cross trade, the Floor 
Broker would still be required to trade with such interest on behalf of 
the applicable customer order(s), as is the case today. Similarly, if 
the original terms of the proposed cross transaction cannot be met 
because other Floor-based members trade with a portion of either the 
proposed bid or offer and the Floor Broker cannot complete the proposed 
cross transaction in the size or price entered into Exchange systems, 
the

[[Page 77635]]

originally-entered proposed cross transaction would be cancelled, as is 
also the case today.
    To effectuate the proposed rule changes, the Exchange would delete 
``trading'' before ``Crowd'' in the second sentence of Rule 76.\45\ The 
proposed change would have the effect of removing the restriction on 
announcing a proposed cross transaction at the post/panel where the 
security to be crossed is traded. The same change would be made in the 
next to last sentence in Rule 76.10. It should be noted that an 
Exchange announcement of a proposed cross transaction to the Crowd 
would be consistent with Rule 70.30.\46\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ The Exchange also proposes clarifying changes to replace 
``member'' and ``he or she'' with ``Floor broker'' or ``the Floor 
broker's'' in the first sentence of the rule.
    \46\ Rule 70.30 defines ``Crowd'' as the ``rooms on the Exchange 
Floor that contain active posts/panels where Floor brokers are able 
to conduct business constitute the Crowd. A Floor broker will be 
considered to be in the Crowd if he or she is physically present in 
one of these rooms.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes further conforming changes to delete ``from 
their wireless hand-held devices ('HHD')'' from the first sentence of 
subsection (a) of Supplementary Material .10 and the three other 
references to ``HHD'' therein. One reference to HHD would be replaced 
by ``Floor broker.'' The other reference is part of the phrase ``using 
the `print' key function in the HHD'' that would be deleted. The 
Exchange also proposes to simplify the rule by replacing references to 
``quote minder'' with ``Exchange systems.''
    Finally, the Exchange proposes to delete the preamble to Rule 76 
providing that ``Supplementary Material .10 to this Rule is not 
applicable to trading UTP Securities on the Pillar trading platform.'' 
Currently, Floor brokers can effect proposed cross transactions in both 
Exchange listed and UTP securities pursuant to Rule 76, although the 
Cross Function described in current Rule 76.10 is unavailable for cross 
transactions in UTP Securities because UTP Securities are not assigned 
to a trading post/panel with a DMM. Given the proposed elimination of 
verbal announcements at the point of sale for Exchange-listed 
securities, the Cross Function could also be utilized for UTP 
securities. As proposed, Floor brokers executing cross transactions 
under Rule 76.10 would follow the same procedures for Exchange-listed 
and UTP securities, with the Exchange announcing cross transactions in 
both cases.
    The remaining aspects of the Crossing Function described in Rule 
76.10 would remain unchanged.
Rule 36
    The Exchange proposes to combine current Rule 36.30 governing 
installation and use of telephones at DMM unit posts on the Trading 
Floor and current Rule 36.31 governing use of wired or wireless devices 
such as computer terminals or laptops into a single, revised proposed 
Rule 36.30 titled ``DMM Unit Telephones and Permitted Communications 
Devices.'' \47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ In the heading, the Exchange would also add a missing space 
between .30 and DMM and to delete ``Post Wires--''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed changes would modernize DMM communications from the 
Trading Floor by permitting DMM units to use any telephone registered 
with the Exchange, including cellular or wireless telephones, and by 
permitting wired or wireless devices, currently limited to 
communications only with the system employing the algorithms and with 
individual algorithms, to also communicate with persons off the Trading 
Floor. Together with the proposed changes to Rule 104(g) governing 
communications with listed issuers discussed above, the proposed 
changes would enable DMMs to communicate from the Trading Floor with 
any person off the Trading Floor, including individuals at listed 
issuers, consistent with reasonable record-keeping and supervision 
requirements and the Rule 98 requirements to maintain confidentiality 
of non-public information about securities allocated to the DMM unit. 
Current restrictions on communications with listed issuers during 
specific time periods would no longer be necessary and would not be 
carried forward.\48\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \48\ See Rule 36.31 (restricting DMM units from using a 
Permitted Communications Device to communicate with a listed issuer 
representative between 9:15 a.m. Eastern Time until the security 
opens and beginning 15 minutes before the scheduled closing time for 
a security until the security is closed).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed changes are based in part on Rule 36.21 governing use 
of cellular and wireless phones by Exchange Floor brokers, which were 
in turn based on the rules governing use of cellular phones on the 
options trading floors of the Exchange's affiliates NYSE Arca, Inc. 
(``NYSE Arca''), and NYSE American LLC (``NYSE American''), and include 
similar proposed safeguards on the use of such devices tailored for 
DMMs.\49\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ The Exchange's affiliates, NYSE Arca and NYSE American, 
operate physical options trading floors in San Francisco and New 
York, respectively. NYSE American Rule 902NY (Admission and Conduct 
on the Options Trading Floor), governing phone use on the NYSE Amex 
Options Trading Floor, was adopted in 2009 and modeled on NYSE Arca 
Rule 6.2(h) (Admission to and Conduct on the Options Trading Floor). 
Both exchanges allow Floor-based permit holders and their employees 
to use personal phones on the options trading floors subject to 
certain restrictions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To effect these changes, the Exchange would delete the current text 
of Rule 36.30 (DMM Unit Post Wires) and Rule 36.31 (DMM Electronically 
Transmitted Written Communications) in their entirety. The proposed 
combined Rule 36.30 would contain separate sections (a) and (b) 
governing ``Telephones'' and ``Other Permitted Communications 
Devices,'' respectively.
    Proposed Rule 36.30(a) governing ``Telephones'' would have four 
subsections.
    Proposed subsection (a)(1) would govern registration and provide 
that DMM units must register, prior to use, any new telephone, 
including cellular or wireless phones, to be used on the Trading Floor 
by submitting a request in writing to the Exchange in an acceptable 
format. In addition, proposed Rule 36.30(a) would provide that no DMM 
unit may employ any alternative communication device (other than 
telephones as described herein) on the Trading Floor without prior 
Exchange approval.
    Proposed subsection (a)(2) would govern functionality and provide 
that when using a registered telephone or alternative communication 
device on the Trading Floor, a DMM may engage in direct voice 
communication to an off-Floor location with any individual with whom 
telephone communications are permitted under Rule 98. Similarly, 
consistent with the restriction in current Rule 36.30, proposed Rule 
36.30(b) would provide that registered telephones or alternative 
communication devices used by DMMs on the Trading Floor would not be 
used for the purpose of transmitting orders for the purchase or sale of 
securities to a DMM or the DMM unit.
    Proposed subsection (a)(3) would set forth the DMM unit's 
recordkeeping requirement for telephones registered for use on the 
Trading Floor. As proposed, DMM units would be required to maintain 
records of the use of telephones and all other approved alternative 
communication devices, including logs of calls placed, in compliance 
with Rule 440 and SEC Rules 17a-3 and 17a-4. The Exchange would reserve 
the right to periodically inspect such records pursuant to Rule 8210, 
which governs provision of information and testimony as well as 
inspection and copying of books. The Exchange proposes to use the same 
record retention language for telephones currently applicable to 
Permitted Communications Devices.

[[Page 77636]]

    Finally, proposed subsection (a)(4) would require that DMM units to 
establish policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that 
use of telephones and alternative communication devices is consistent 
with all SEC rules and Exchange rules.
    Proposed Rule 36.30(b) governing ``Permitted Communications 
Devices'' would also have four subsections. Rule 36.30(b) would adopt a 
similar structure to proposed Rule 36.30(a) and incorporate aspects of 
current Rules 36.30 and .31 as described below.
    Proposed subsection (b)(1) would govern registration and provide 
that DMM units would have to register, prior to use, any other wired or 
wireless devices such as computer terminals or laptops used to 
communicate with (1) persons off the Trading Floor, or (2) the system 
employing the DMM unit's algorithms or with individual algorithms that 
enable the DMM unit to activate or deactivate the system employing the 
algorithms or an individual algorithm or change such system's pre-set 
parameters, which the proposed rule would together define as a 
``Permitted Communications Device.''
    Proposed subsection (b)(2) would govern functionality and provide 
that a Permitted Communications Device may be used only for 
communications between individuals or systems located at the DMM unit 
on the Trading Floor and individuals or systems with whom 
communications are permitted under Rule 98.
    Proposed subsection (b)(3) would set forth record-keeping 
requirements and provide that DMM units must maintain records of the 
use of Permitted Communications Devices, including all communications 
sent to or from Permitted Communication Devices, in compliance with 
Rule 440 and SEC Rules 17a-3 and 17a-4. The proposed rule would further 
provide that such records would need to be maintained in a format 
prescribed by the Exchange. Both of these requirements can be found in 
the current rules. Proposed Rule 36.30(b)(3) would add the proviso that 
the Exchange reserves the right to periodically inspect such records 
pursuant to Rule 8210, consistent with proposed Rule 36.30(a)(3).
    Proposed subsection (b)(4) would provide that DMM units must 
establish policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that 
the use of Permitted Communications Devices are consistent with all SEC 
rules and Exchange rules.
    Proposed Rule 36.30(c) would be titled ``General'' and would 
incorporate the limitations in current Rule 36.21 and the rules of the 
Exchange's options affiliates \50\ that the Exchange may deny, limit, 
or revoke registration of any device used on the Trading Floor whenever 
it determines, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Rule 
9558,\51\ that use of such device is inconsistent with the public 
interest, the protection of investors, or just and equitable principles 
of trade, or such device has been or is being used to facilitate any 
violation of the Act, as amended.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ See Rule 36.21; see generally NYSE American Rule 902NY(i) 
and NYSE Arca Rule 6.2(h).
    \51\ Rule 9558 relates to summary proceedings for actions 
authorized by section 6(d)(3) of the Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, the Exchange proposes to delete current Rule 36.30 
prohibiting a non-member to list the telephone number of a line 
terminating in a switchboard of the member or member organization in 
any type of telephone directory under the name of the non-member as 
obsolete. Similarly, the Exchange would not retain text in current Rule 
36.30 permitting DMMs to use a telephone connection or order entry 
terminal at the DMM unit's post to enter a proprietary order in an 
Investment Company Unit (as defined in Rule 5.2(j)(3)) or a Trust 
Issued Receipt (as defined in Rule 8.200) in another market center in 
either a component security of an Investment Company Unit or Trust 
Issued Receipt, or in an options or futures contract related to such 
securities, as obsolete.
Rule 98
    Rule 98 was adopted in 1986, at a time when specialist firms, which 
had been independent member-owned entities, increasingly became 
affiliates of larger member organizations. Given the specialists' 
position in the marketplace, Rule 98 required an organizational 
separation between a specialist and its affiliates in order to 
eliminate or control conflicts of interest between the business 
activities of affiliates of the specialist and the specialist's 
responsibilities to the market and to customer orders that the 
specialist represented as agent.\52\ As noted above, in 2008, the 
Exchange adopted a more flexible, principles-based approach to Rule 98 
that, among other things, allowed DMM operations to be integrated into 
better-capitalized member organizations; permitted a DMM unit to share 
non-trading-related services with its parent member organization or 
approved persons; and provided flexibility to member organizations and 
their approved persons in conducting risk management of DMM operations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 23768 (Nov. 3, 
1986), 51 FR 41183 (Nov. 13, 1986) (SR-NYSE-85-25).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange now proposes revisions to Rule 98 to provide a 
framework for DMM unit operations on the Trading Floor once DMMs would 
only be provided access to aggregate order information in order to 
facilitate openings and reopenings as needed and only (1) before the 
open or until a security opens for trading, or (2) while trading is 
halted and only until a security is reopened for trading, and to 
facilitate the closing of trading on an as-needed basis and only 
outside Core Trading Hours.\53\ Importantly, the proposed changes to 
Rule 98 would in no way diminish the DMM unit's obligation to maintain 
confidentiality and enforce written policies and procedures to prevent 
the misuse of material, non-public information by DMM units and their 
employees, as well as to ensure compliance with applicable federal laws 
and regulations and Exchange rules, or the obligation of individual 
DMMs to refrain from trading in DMM securities on the basis of 
material, non-public information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \53\ See discussion of proposed revisions to Rule 104, supra.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To effectuate these changes, the Exchange would make the following 
changes to Rule 98:
     The definition of ``Floor-based non-public order'' in Rule 
98(b)(4) would be deleted. The Exchange believes that the concept of 
Floor-based non-public order information would become obsolete with the 
proposed changes to Rules 76 and 104. The current definitions in (b)(5) 
through (b)(7) would be renumbered.
     Current Rule 98(c)(2) would be broken into two parts. New 
Rule 98(c)(2) would consist of the first sentence of the current rule 
describing the requirements for member organizations seeking approval 
to operate a DMM unit pursuant to Rule 98. New Rule 98(c)(3) would 
consist of the remainder of current Rule 98(c)(2) with the following 
text added as the first sentence: ``Member organizations operating a 
DMM unit and DMMs shall not misuse material, non-public information.'' 
The Exchange believes the proposed change would strengthen the 
Exchange's ability to address potential misuses of non-public 
information from any source under the revised rule set.
     Current Rule 98(c)(3)(A) providing that a DMM unit shall 
protect against the misuse of Floor-based non-public order information 
and that only Floor-based employees of the DMM unit and individuals 
responsible for the direct supervision of the DMM unit's Floor-

[[Page 77637]]

based operations may have access to Floor-based non-public order 
information would be deleted. Current Rule 98(c)(3)(B) would become new 
Rule 98(c)(4)(A).
     Current Rule 98(c)(3)(B)(iii) prohibiting, except as 
provided for in Rule 36.30, communications by employees of a DMM unit 
with individuals or systems responsible for making trading decisions 
for related products or for away-market trading in their assigned DMM 
securities, would be amended to only permit those communications 
consistent with Rule 98. As noted, this change would be consistent with 
the proposed changes to Rule 36.30.
     Current Rule 98(c)(3)(B)(iv) prohibiting employees of a 
DMM unit from having access to customer information or the DMM unit's 
position in related products would be revised to limit the prohibition 
to customer order information only.\54\ The reference to the DMM unit's 
position in related products would be removed consistent with the 
proposed changes to current Rule 98(c)(3)(B)(iii) described above.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ The prohibition relates to customer order information, so 
the Exchange would add ``order'' to the rule text. See Securities 
Exchange Act Release No. 71837 (Apr. 1, 2014), 79 FR 19146 (Apr. 7, 
2014) (SR-NYSE-2014-12).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     The Exchange would delete current 98(c)(3)(C) specifically 
addressing Floor-based employees of a DMM unit that move to a location 
off the Trading Floor or any person providing risk management oversight 
or supervision of the Floor-based operations of the DMM unit that 
becomes aware of Floor-based non-public order information as no longer 
necessary given the elimination of the general availability of such 
information to DMM units.
     The Exchange would similarly delete current 98(c)(3)(D) 
providing that a DMM unit may make available to a Floor broker 
associated or affiliated with an approved person or member organization 
any information that the DMM would be permitted to provide under 
Exchange rules to an unaffiliated Floor broker.
     The Exchange would delete current Rule 98(c)(5) requiring 
member organizations to provide the Exchange with net position 
information in DMM securities by the DMM unit and any independent 
trading unit of which it is part based on the elimination of Prohibited 
Transactions. The Exchange utilizes this data to assess Prohibited 
Transactions, which would be deleted as discussed above. Rules 98(c)(6) 
and (7) would be renumbered accordingly.
     The Exchange would amend Rule 98(e)(1) describing steps to 
be taken in the event a DMM unit receives non-public information about 
a security that is allocated to the DMM unit to delete the phrase 
``from the member organization or approved person.'' The proposed 
change does not privilege Floor-based non-public information and 
reflects that non-public information can be received from any source. 
In addition, the Exchange would make clear that the non-public 
information referenced therein excludes aggregate order information 
provided by the Exchange as set forth in Rule 104(a)(2) and (3).
     Subsection (3) of Rule 98(f) governing reporting 
obligations would be amended to delete the reference to ``Floor-based'' 
non-public order information. As amended, Rule 98(f)(3) would require a 
DMM unit to promptly report to the Exchange any failure to maintain the 
confidentiality of non-public information.
     Rule 98(f)(4) would become new Rule 98(f)(3) and the 
phrase ``Floor-based non-public order information'' in that subsection 
would be replaced with ``non-public information.''
     Finally, the Exchange proposes to similarly replace 
``Floor-based non-public order information'' with ``non-public 
information'' in Rule 98(g).
Rule 103B
    Rule 103B(III) mandates that when an issuer selects a DMM unit by 
interview, the individual DMM who is proposed to trade the company's 
security must participate in the interview. Further, once a DMM unit is 
selected, Rule 103B mandates that the individual DMM assigned to the 
security must remain the assigned DMM for at least one year from the 
date that the issuer begins trading on the Exchange.\55\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \55\ See Rule 103B(III)(C). The DMM unit may designate a 
different individual DMM within the year by notifying the Exchange 
of the change and setting forth the reasons for the change with the 
consent and approval of the issuer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to remove the requirement that listed issuers 
must interview the individual DMM who is proposed to trade the 
company's security and the related requirement that the individual DMM 
assigned a proposed security must remain the assigned DMM for one year 
from the date that the issuer begins trading on the Exchange, also 
known as the ``DMM one-year obligation.'' Conforming changes would be 
made to Rule 103B(VI)(H) to delete the contingency where the proposed 
individual DMM is no longer with the selected DMM unit.
    In addition to providing the DMM unit with greater flexibility in 
determining who should participate in the interview process, the 
proposed changes to Rule 103B would deemphasize the importance of the 
individual DMM in the issuer allocation process. The Exchange believes 
that listed issuers will not be disadvantaged by the proposal and in 
fact would benefit from the ability to develop broader relationships 
with a DMM unit by not limiting trading in its listed security to a 
single individual for any length of time.
DMM Unit Introductory Program in ETPs
    The Exchange proposes a new Rule 104B \56\ governing its DMM Unit 
Introductory Program in ETPs (the ``Program'').\57\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \56\ As noted, the Exchange proposes to delete Rule 104A as 
obsolete. See note 35, supra. Current Rule 104B prohibiting DMMs (to 
be changed to DMM units) from charging commissions for trades in 
registered securities would become new Rule 104A.
    \57\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92480 (July 23, 
2021), 86 FR 40885 (July 29, 2021) (SR-NYSE-2020-95) (Notice of 
Filing of Amendment No. 2 and Order Granting Accelerated Approval of 
Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 2, To Make 
Permanent Commentaries to Rule 7.35A and Commentaries to Rule 7.35B 
and To Make Related Changes to Rules 7.32, 7.35C, 46B, and 47).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As set forth in proposed Rule 104B(a), the Program would be open to 
all member organizations in good standing registered as a non-DMM 
Market Maker or an SLP on the Exchange. The Program is limited to ETPs 
and is designed to provide eligible member organizations with a 12-
month ramp up period to becoming fully operational, Trading Floor-based 
DMM units, which the Exchange believes would encourage competition 
among existing DMM units and potential new entrants to the benefit of 
investors.
    Proposed Rule 104B(b) would set forth the Program qualifications. 
As proposed, eligible member organizations must meet the registration 
and capital requirements set forth in Rule 103 and have:
     adequate technology to support all electronic DMM 
obligations through the systems and facilities of the Exchange during 
the initial 12-month period;
     MPIDs that identify to the Exchange trading activity in 
assigned DMM securities;
     adequate trading infrastructure to support DMM unit 
trading activity, which includes support and administrative staff to 
maintain operational efficiencies in the Program; and
     a disciplinary history that is consistent with just and 
equitable business practices.
    In addition, proposed Rule 104B(b) would provide that individuals 
to be

[[Page 77638]]

registered as DMMs are required to be members of the Exchange and pass 
the qualifying examination for DMMs. Applications for this examination 
should be submitted to the Exchange.
    Proposed Rule 104B(c) would govern the application process for the 
Program. As proposed, eligible member organizations would be required 
to submit a Rule 103 application to the Exchange with all supporting 
documentation in order to participate in the Program. Based on the 
application, the Exchange would determine whether an applicant was 
qualified for the Program based on proposed Rule 104B(b) and would 
notify the applicant of its eligibility decision in writing. In the 
event an application is disapproved, the proposed rule would provide 
that an applicant may re-apply for the Program at least three calendar 
months following notification by the Exchange of disapproval. Finally, 
proposed Rule 104B(c) would provide that once approved for the Program, 
the DMM unit along with their DMMs would subject to the obligations as 
set forth in proposed Rule 104B(e) of this Rule during the 12-month 
duration of the Program discussed below.
    Proposed Rule 104B(d) would govern voluntary withdrawal from the 
Program. As proposed, at any time during the 12-month duration of the 
Program, a DMM unit would be able to withdraw by giving notice to the 
Exchange in writing. Such withdrawal would become effective when the 
ETPs assigned to the withdrawing DMM unit are reassigned by the 
Exchange, which as proposed would be done as soon as practicable but no 
later than 30 days from the date the Exchange receives a withdrawal 
notice. As further proposed, in the event the reassignment takes longer 
than the 30-day period, the withdrawing DMM unit would have no 
obligations under the proposed rule and would not be held responsible 
for any matters concerning previously assigned ETPs upon termination of 
the 30-day period. Rule 104B(d) mirrors the voluntary withdrawal 
provisions for SLPs in current Rule 107B(e).
    Proposed Rule 104B(e) would govern the obligations of DMM units and 
their DMMs. As proposed, during the 12-month Program period, DMM units 
and their DMMs would be subject to the duties and responsibilities set 
forth in Rules 104 and 98. Further, DMMs operating in the Program would 
be permitted to conduct business for the DMM unit such as entering 
orders and quotations for the account of the DMM unit during the 
Program. Finally, DMMs would be permitted to conduct business only on 
behalf of the DMM unit with which the DMM is associated.
    In addition, the proposed rule would provide that during the 12-
month Program period, DMM units would not be required to comply with 
the requirements of Rule 35.20 \58\ regarding personnel available to 
DMM units on the Trading Floor; would be ineligible to compete for new 
listings pursuant to Rule 103B; and would be eligible for DMM unit 
pricing incentives set forth in the Exchange's Price List unless 
specifically provided therein.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ Rule 35.20 requires each DMM unit to have (1) at least one 
employee approved by the Exchange for admittance to the Floor for 
every Post space assigned to the unit, and (2) an adequate number of 
additional approved employees to provide proper service during the 
trading day.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, proposed Rule 104B(f) would set forth the additional 
requirement that all DMM units in the Program must transition to fully 
operational DMM units on the Trading Floor and meet all Exchange 
requirements for DMM units within the 12-month period. As proposed, DMM 
units failing to fully transition as provided herein would forfeit all 
ETP symbols and would be ineligible to re-apply for the Program or 
become DMM units for a 12-month period. Finally, the proposed rule 
would provide that member organizations disputing Exchange 
determinations under this Rule would be required to follow the appeal 
procedures set forth in Rule 107B(k).\59\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ Rule 107B(k) specifies the process for SLPs to appeal non-
regulatory Exchange penalties.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    The Exchange believes that the proposal would enhance and modernize 
DMM unit operations from the Trading Floor and remove barriers to entry 
into the DMM unit business without diluting DMM unit obligations and 
responsibilities. The result would enhance and encourage competition 
among current and prospective DMM units, to the benefit of investors 
and issuers.
    For all of the foregoing reasons, the Exchange believes that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with the Act.
2. Statutory Basis
    The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change is consistent 
with section 6(b) of the Act,\60\ in general, and furthers the 
objectives of section 6(b)(5) of the Act,\61\ in particular, because it 
is designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, 
to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, 
clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and 
facilitating transactions in securities, to remove impediments to, and 
perfect the mechanisms of, a free and open market and a national market 
system and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest 
and because it is not designed to permit unfair discrimination between 
customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \61\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 104
    The Exchange believes that the proposed changes to Rule 104 that 
would eliminate DMM access to aggregate order information intraday with 
one exception for reopenings and the traditional DMM Trading Floor-
based functions involving information sharing with other Floor-based 
market participants would remove impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system by 
permitting DMM units to function more like other proprietary market 
makers. The proposed changes would continue to provide DMMs with tools 
to comply with their obligations to supply liquidity as needed to 
facilitate openings, reopening and the close of trading, while 
eliminating the potential that DMMs on the Trading Floor could utilize 
non-public information to disadvantage other market participants and 
public customers, particularly during the Closing Auction. Further, 
restricting DMM access to aggregate order information to an as needed 
basis and while trading is halted and only until the security is 
reopened would not be inconsistent with the public interest and the 
protection of investors because DMM units would still have the 
obligation under Rule 98 to maintain the confidentiality of non-public 
order information made available to a DMM for the purpose of 
facilitating an intraday reopening and to appropriately supervise a 
DMM's access to and use of such information. The proposed changes to 
Rule 104 restricting use and dissemination of aggregate order 
information are also designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative 
acts and practices and would promote the public interest and the 
protection of investors.
    The Exchange believes that redefining Aggressing Transactions in 
Rule 104 as transactions that reach across the market priced above 
(below) the last consolidated trade would remove impediments to and 
perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market 
system by focusing on transactions that reach across the market above 
or below a price that bears a reasonable relationship to

[[Page 77639]]

the overall market for the security, given that most of the volume in 
Exchange listed securities occurs away from the Exchange. The Exchange 
believes that the proposal would not be inconsistent with the public 
interest and the protection of investors. As noted, the proposal would 
not eliminate the requirement that all DMM transactions be effected in 
a reasonable and orderly manner in relation to the condition of the 
general market and the market in the particular stock. Further, DMM 
Aggressing Transactions would continue to uniquely require re-entry on 
the opposite side of the market at or before the applicable PPP for the 
security as warranted, including immediate re-entry if the DMM 
transaction aggressively taking liquidity is of block size or greater. 
The Exchange believes that requiring re-entry to be in the same size as 
the Aggressing Transaction would strengthen the re-entry requirement by 
making it more deterministic, thereby supporting maintenance of a fair 
and orderly market and removing impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system.
    In addition, the Exchange believes that eliminating Rule 
104(d)(1)(B) prohibiting Aggressing Transactions in the final ten 
minutes of trading would remove impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system by 
permitting DMM units to enter trades going into the close without 
restriction, which the Exchange believes would benefit the marketplace 
by adding liquidity to the Closing Auction. Further, eliminating 
Prohibited Transactions would not be inconsistent with the public 
interest and the protection of investors because DMMs, as proprietary 
traders without the ability to direct or influence trading or control 
the quote, would have no informational advantage going into the close 
and must select a closing price between the last-published Imbalance 
Reference Price and the last-published non-zero Continuous Book 
Clearing Price. The Exchange believes that eliminating Prohibited 
Transactions would not be inconsistent with the public interest and the 
protection of investors because DMM trading decisions going into the 
close would continue to be evaluated from the perspective of their 
obligations to the marketplace, including the obligation to arrange a 
fair and orderly close and selection of a price in the required range, 
as set forth in Exchange rules. Moreover, during the last ten minutes 
of trading, DMM units would still have an obligation to re-enter the 
market if their trading both reaches across the market and increases or 
establishes a position, which would dampen volatility and ensure that 
DMM transactions bear a reasonable relationship to overall market 
conditions. Indeed, as noted above, the Exchange would strengthen re-
entry for Aggressing Transactions by requiring re-entry on the opposite 
side at or before the applicable PPP provided by the Exchange in the 
same size as the Aggressing Transaction.
    The numerous obligations currently imposed on DMM units by Rule 104 
would in no way be altered or diminished by the proposal. The Exchange 
does not believe that the balance of benefits and obligations under 
Rule 104 would be impacted by the proposed rule change. DMM units would 
be subject to strengthened re-entry requirements when engaging in 
Aggressing Transactions at or before the applicable PPP for that 
security by having to re-enter on the opposite side in the same size as 
the transaction, and the requirement that all DMM unit transactions be 
effected in a reasonable and orderly manner in relation to the 
condition of the general market and the market in the particular stock 
would not be altered by the proposal. These safeguards would continue 
to reasonably ensure that DMM unit transactions bear a reasonable 
relationship to overall market conditions. For the same reasons, the 
proposal would not alter or disrupt the balance between the benefits 
and obligations of being an Exchange DMM unit.
    The Exchange believes that the replacing DMM unit for DMM in Rule 
104 would remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and 
open market and a national market system by emphasizing the 
responsibility of the DMM unit for trading in assigned Exchange listed 
securities, thereby adding additional clarity and transparency to the 
Exchange's rules. The proposal would not be inconsistent with the 
public interest and the protection of investors because the proposal 
does not absolve individual DMMs from the obligation to comply with 
Exchange rules or diminish the potential penalties for individual DMMs 
that fail to do so.\62\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \62\ See note 37, supra.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 36
    The Exchange believes that permitting DMMs to use properly 
registered and approved telephones and any other alternative 
communication device as well as any wired or wireless devices such as 
computer terminals or laptops (defined in the proposed rule as 
``Permitted Communications Devices'') to communicate with persons off 
the Trading Floor, subject to the confidentiality requirements of Rule 
98, are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and 
practices and would be consistent with the public interest and the 
protection of investors because the Exchange would eliminate intraday 
DMM access to the remaining non-public information available to them on 
the Trading Floor, as reflected in the propose changes to Rule 104. 
Further, in those situations where a DMM would be provided access to 
aggregate order information while trading is halted and only until the 
security is reopened, DMM units would still have the obligation under 
Rule 98 to maintain the confidentiality of the non-public order 
information made available to a DMM for the purpose of facilitating an 
intraday reopening and appropriately supervise a DMM's use of the 
telephone in that circumstance.
    In addition, the Exchange would retain certain safeguards 
surrounding the use of such devices that are proposed for inclusion in 
amended Rule 36. The proposed safeguards would include the requirement 
that DMM units register all devices to be used on the Trading Floor 
with the Exchange and the specific recordkeeping requirement proposed 
for both telephones and Permitted Communications Devices that would 
require DMM units to maintain records of the use of telephones and all 
other approved alternative communication devices, including logs of 
calls placed, as well as the use of Permitted Communications Devices, 
including all messages generated by the unit's wired or wireless 
devices to communicate with the system employing the unit's algorithms, 
in compliance with Rule 440 and SEC Rules 17a-3 and 17a-4. Further, DMM 
units would be required to establish policies and procedures reasonably 
designed to ensure that use of telephones is consistent with all SEC 
rules and Exchange rules. The Exchange accordingly believes that these 
proposed safeguards establish an appropriate regulatory framework for 
supervising and monitoring mandated DMM communications with listed 
issuers consistent with the objectives of section 6(b)(5) of the 
Act.\63\ The Exchange also believes that the proposed amendments to 
Rule 36 support the mechanism of free and open markets by continuing to 
provide a means for increased and more

[[Page 77640]]

efficient communication by DMMs to and from the Trading Floor, 
including in furtherance of their rule-based obligation to regularly 
contact their assigned listed issuers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \63\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 76
    The Exchange believes that the proposed changes to Rule 76 would 
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system by streamlining and modernizing the 
process for executing cross transactions on the Trading Floor. As 
noted, the requirement that a Floor broker announce a cross transaction 
at the point of sale is to ``clear'' the trading Crowd before executing 
a cross transaction. While the requirement made sense when Floor 
brokers that might be interested in participating in a cross 
transaction still needed to stand at a post/panel throughout the 
trading day, the requirement makes less sense in the current electronic 
trading environment. The Exchange believes that having the Exchange 
announce proposed cross transactions would make the process more 
efficient by not limiting the announcement to one physical location on 
the Trading Floor. An Exchange announcement would also allow additional 
members of the Trading Floor community to learn about a pending cross 
transaction and potentially participate, to the benefit of the 
marketplace and investors. Moreover, eliminating the DMM's role in 
acknowledging the Floor broker announcement would remove impediments to 
and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national 
market system by further permitting DMM units to function more like 
other proprietary market makers. As noted above, this change is also 
consistent with the proposed removal of the traditional DMM Trading 
Floor-based functions set forth in Rule 104. The Exchange accordingly 
believes that the proposed changes to Rule 76 would promote just and 
equitable principles of trade consistent with section 6(b)(5) of the 
Act.\64\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \64\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes the proposal also benefits investor 
protection and public interest goals by eliminating interaction between 
the Floor broker and the individual DMM assigned to the subject 
security in the manual cross transaction process on the Trading Floor. 
The Exchange believes that the proposal would eliminate any information 
asymmetry that may exist when a DMM learns about a cross transaction 
before the trade is executed and printed. Although the Exchange 
believes any existing informational advantages are slight and the 
window for the DMM to act exceedingly small, the Exchange believes the 
proposal would protect investors and the public interest by adding 
additional protections against the misuse of non-public information. 
Similarly, having the Exchange supervise and acknowledge the 
announcement of the proposed cross transaction promotes investor 
protection and the public interest. The Exchange believes that the 
proposal is thus designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts 
and practices. Finally, having the Exchange announce cross transactions 
under Rule 76 and eliminating the need to announce at the point of sale 
would permit extending the Cross Function in Rule 76.10 to UTP 
securities, which would remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism 
of a free and open market and a national market system by applying the 
same streamlined process to all cross transactions on the Trading 
Floor.
Rule 98
    The Exchange believes that the proposed changes to Rule 98 deleting 
references to Floor-based non-public order information and to specific 
requirements regarding maintenance of the confidentiality of such 
information that the Exchange would no longer provide to DMMs would 
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system by simplifying information barrier 
restrictions applicable to DMM units operating on the Trading Floor 
consistent with the principles-based approach to protect against the 
misuse of material non-public information, including specifically 
prohibiting trading based on material non-public information from any 
source, and will protect investors and the public interest by 
reinforcing protections against the misuse of material non-public 
information and deleting rules that may no longer meet this goal.
    The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change would remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market by 
permitting a member organization operating a DMM unit to maintain and 
enforce policies and procedures to, among other things, prohibit the 
misuse of material non-public information and eliminating restrictions 
on how a member organization structures its DMM unit operations. The 
proposed amendments maintain the existing Rule 98 restrictions that are 
specific to DMM units and DMMs but also maintain the information 
barrier requirements between the DMM unit and non-DMM unit areas of a 
member organization. Member organizations operating DMM units will 
continue to be subject to federal and Exchange requirements for 
protecting material non-public order information \65\ and protecting 
customer orders that are the consistent with the existing rules 
governing broker dealers that operate as equity market makers on other 
registered exchanges.\66\ Moreover, member organizations operating a 
DMM unit and DMMs would be specifically enjoined in proposed Rule 
98(c)(3) from misusing material, non-public information, consistent 
with the protection of investors and the public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \65\ See 15 U.S.C. 78o(g) and Rule 98(c)(2).
    \66\ See Rule 5320.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange notes that Rule 98 will still require that member 
organizations maintain and enforce policies and procedures reasonably 
designed to ensure compliance with applicable federal securities laws 
and regulations and with Exchange rules. The Exchange notes that such 
written policies and procedures will continue to be subject to 
oversight by the Exchange and therefore the elimination of prescribed 
restrictions should not reduce the effectiveness of the Exchange rules 
to protect against the misuse of material non-public information.
    The Exchange therefore believes that the proposed rule change will 
maintain the existing protection of investors and the public interest 
that is currently set forth in Rule 98, while at the same time removing 
impediments to and perfecting a free and open market by removing those 
restrictions related to Floor-based non-public information that the 
Exchange is eliminating and restricting.
New Rule 104B
    The Exchange believes the proposal to establish a new DMM Unit 
Incentive Program in ETPs open to non-DMM Market Makers and SLPs would 
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system by encouraging member organizations 
that are already quoting and trading on the Exchange to become fully 
operational Floor-based DMMs following the ramp-up period. The Exchange 
believes that increasing the number of Floor-based DMM units would 
increase competition among existing and prospective DMM units, which 
would enhance price discovery, liquidity, competitive quotes, and price 
improvement on the

[[Page 77641]]

Exchange, to the benefit of investors. Moreover, the Exchange believes 
that providing for a DMM unit on the NYSE in ETPs would remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
a national market system by allowing existing market makers and 
liquidity providers to leverage existing market-making strategies on 
the Exchange and provide all member organizations that choose to 
participate with enhanced opportunities to qualify for the various 
proposed credits to be set forth in the Exchange's Price List through 
increased quoting and liquidity-providing activity.
    The Exchange believes the proposal also benefits investor 
protection and public interest goals by providing for a new category of 
market participant that would contribute to displayed liquidity, price 
discovery, and market quality on the Exchange in ETPs. The proposed DMM 
units are not intended to supplant existing non-DMM Market Makers or 
SLP market participants or their roles on the Exchange, and would 
instead represent an additional source of displayed liquidity on the 
Exchange during the ramp-up period (and beyond such period, to the 
extent DMM units thereafter transition to become fully integrated 
Floor-based DMM units) that would enhance the range and diversity of 
market making activity on the Exchange during that time, thus promoting 
competition and market quality on the Exchange to the benefit of all 
market participants.
    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 104B would also remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
a national market system by setting forth qualification and 
registration requirements and processes for both member organizations 
individual employees. Specifically, the proposed rule would require 
member organizations to meet the registration and capital requirements 
set forth in Rule 103, file a DMM application, and have adequate 
technology to support all electronic DMM obligations through the 
systems and facilities of the Exchange during the initial 12-month 
period; MPIDs that identify to the Exchange trading activity in 
assigned DMM securities; adequate trading infrastructure to support DMM 
unit trading activity, which includes support and administrative staff 
to maintain operational efficiencies in the Program; and a disciplinary 
history that is consistent with just and equitable business practices. 
Individuals that would function as DMMs for the DMM units must also be 
members of the Exchange and pass the DMM qualifying examination. The 
Exchange believes that proposed Rule 104B would thus protect investors 
and the public interest by ensuring that prospective DMMs and DMM units 
are subject to uniform, objective requirements for eligibility. 
Moreover, the proposed rule change would also promote investor 
protection and the public interest by requiring that eligible member 
organizations and DMMs be subject to the same registration requirements 
as regular DMM units and DMMs, including the requirement that eligible 
member organizations file a DMM application and individual DMMs take 
the DMM examination.
    The proposed rule change would also promote just and equitable 
principles of trade by subjecting prospective DMMs and DMM units to the 
same duties and responsibilities set forth in Rules 104 and 98 as 
fully-operational, Trading Floor-based DMM units and DMMs. Establishing 
the same regulatory requirements for DMM units and DMMs would ensure 
the consistency and quality of the Exchange's marketplace and is also 
designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices and 
promote just and equitable principles of trade by requiring Exchange 
registration and approval. Finally, the Exchange believes that proposed 
Rule 104B would enhance investor protection and the public interest by 
enumerating the specific process a DMM unit must follow to withdraw 
during the 12-month duration of the program and the reassignment of 
assigned securities during that time. The proposed process would ensure 
orderly transitioning of ETPs that were assigned to a DMM unit that 
withdraws and uninterrupted trading of the security on the Exchange.
    The Exchange believes that the proposal promotes just and equitable 
principles of trade by providing an exemption to member organizations 
that meet the qualifications for the program from the requirements of 
Rule 35.20 regarding the presence of personnel available to DMM units 
on the Trading Floor. As proposed, the program is designed to provide 
time for member organizations to become fully operational Trading 
Floor-based DMM units. The exemption is for a 12-month period, 
following which proposed Rule 104(g) requires DMM units to transition 
to fully operational DMM units on the Trading Floor and meet all 
Exchange requirements for DMM units, including having adequate 
personnel on the Trading Floor. For similar reasons, the Exchange 
believes that it would not be inconsistent with just and equitable 
principles of trade to provide that DMM units would be ineligible to 
compete for new listings pursuant to Rule 103B. As proposed, the 
program is limited to ETPs and DMM units would only be expected to 
support electronic DMM obligations during the ramp-up period.
    Finally, the Exchange believes that the proposal promotes just and 
equitable principles of trade by providing that member organizations 
aggrieved by an Exchange determination under the proposed rule can 
utilize the approved procedures set forth in Rule 107B(k) for SLPs to 
appeal non-regulatory actions and penalties by the Exchange. The 
Exchange believes adopting the same appeals procedures as those 
approved for SLPs would reduce duplication and ensure consistent 
treatment for member organizations aggrieved by non-regulatory Exchange 
actions. For these reasons, the Exchange also believes that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with section 15A(b)(8) \67\ of the 
Act, which requires, among other things, that Exchange rules provide a 
fair procedure for prohibition or limitation with respect to access to 
services offered by the Exchange.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \67\ 15 U.S.C. 78o-3(b)(8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Non-Substantive Amendments
    The Exchange believes that the proposed changes to eliminate 
obsolete rule text, in Rules 36.30, 104(c)(5), 104(d)(B), 104(e), 
104(f), 104A, and 106A would increase the clarity and transparency of 
the Exchange's rules and remove impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market by ensuring that persons subject to 
the Exchange's jurisdiction, regulators, and the investing public could 
more easily navigate and understand the Exchange rules. The Exchange 
further believes that the proposed amendments would not be inconsistent 
with the public interest and the protection of investors because 
investors will not be harmed and in fact would benefit from increased 
transparency and clarity, thereby reducing potential confusion.
    For the foregoing reasons, the Exchange believes that the proposal 
is consistent with the Act.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will 
impose any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate 
in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. The Exchange believes that 
the proposal would lower entry barriers to the DMM unit business on the 
Exchange and

[[Page 77642]]

thereby stimulate greater competition among existing DMM units and 
potential new entrants, to the benefit the investing public, issuers, 
and the marketplace. In addition, to the extent that the proposal would 
lead to additional member organizations becoming fully-operational DMM 
units, the Exchange believes the proposal would expand and diversify 
the pool of Exchange DMMs. The Exchange also believes that the proposed 
changes would continue to foster competition and optimal performance 
among DMM units, thereby enhancing the quality of the services DMMs 
provide to issuers and promoting intermarket competition, particularly 
for issuers in connection with their determination of which exchange to 
select as a primary listing exchange. The Exchange does not believe 
that the proposed rule change would impose any burden on intra-market 
competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the 
purposes of the Act. The proposal is designed to address the DMM unit's 
operations on the Trading Floor, access to non-public information, and 
unique role in facilitating trading on the Exchange without diminishing 
the balance of benefits and obligations, or altering or diminishing the 
numerous obligations currently imposed by Exchange rules, on DMM units.
    Finally, the Exchange believes that member organizations eligible 
for the Program may be able to deploy their existing market-making 
strategies on the Exchange and qualify for credits offered by the 
Exchange based on increased quoting and liquidity-providing activity. 
The Exchange therefore believes that the proposed rule change would 
promote competition by encouraging additional displayed liquidity, 
facilitating price discovery, and increasing the range and diversity of 
market making activity on the Exchange. Further, the Exchange does not 
believe that the proposed rule would impose any burden on intra-market 
competition because adding a new, temporary market participant would 
allow eligible member organizations an opportunity to access the 
benefits available to fully-operational DMM units when trading ETPs 
electronically for a brief ramp up period, subject to the same 
registration and regulatory obligations as those DMM units.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed 
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    No written comments were solicited or received with respect to the 
proposed rule change.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for 
Commission Action

    Within 45 days of the date of publication of this notice in the 
Federal Register or within such longer period up to 90 days (i) as the 
Commission may designate if it finds such longer period to be 
appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to 
which the self-regulatory organization consents, the Commission will:
    (A) by order approve or disapprove the proposed rule change, or
    (B) institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule 
change should be disapproved.

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule 
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of 
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
file number SR-NYSE-2023-36 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to file number SR-NYSE-2023-36. This file 
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help 
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's internet website (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all 
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are 
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to 
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other 
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and 
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, 
Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10 
a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for 
inspection and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. Do not 
include personal identifiable information in submissions; you should 
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. We 
may redact in part or withhold entirely from publication submitted 
material that is obscene or subject to copyright protection. All 
submissions should refer to file number SR-NYSE-2023-36 and should be 
submitted on or before December 4, 2023.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\68\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \68\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sherry R. Haywood,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2023-24868 Filed 11-9-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P