[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 124 (Thursday, June 29, 2023)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 42136-42176]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-12916]



[[Page 42135]]

Vol. 88

Thursday,

No. 124

June 29, 2023

Part II





 Department of the Interior





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Bureau of Ocean Energy Management





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30 CFR Parts 550, 556, and 590





Risk Management and Financial Assurance for OCS Lease and Grant 
Obligations; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 124 / Thursday, June 29, 2023 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 42136]]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

30 CFR Parts 550, 556, and 590

[Docket ID: BOEM-2023-0027]
RIN 1010-AE14


Risk Management and Financial Assurance for OCS Lease and Grant 
Obligations

AGENCY: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Interior.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.

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SUMMARY: The Department of the Interior (the Department or DOI), acting 
through BOEM, proposes to modify its criteria for determining whether 
oil, gas, and sulfur lessees, right-of-use and easement (RUE) grant 
holders, and pipeline right-of-way (ROW) grant holders may be required 
to provide bonds or other financial assurance above the current 
regulatorily prescribed base bonds to ensure compliance with their 
Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) obligations. This proposed 
rule would also remove existing restrictive provisions for third-party 
guarantees and decommissioning accounts and would add new criteria 
under which a bond or third-party guarantee that was provided as 
supplemental financial assurance may be canceled. Additionally, this 
proposed rule would clarify bonding requirements for RUEs serving 
Federal leases. Based on the proposed framework, BOEM estimates that 
the aggregate amount of supplemental financial assurance required of 
lessees and grant holders under this proposed rulemaking available to 
the U.S. government for decommissioning activities would increase by an 
estimated $9.2 billion over current levels. This value represents less 
than one-quarter of all offshore decommissioning liabilities, which is 
currently estimated at $42.8 billion. This proposed rulemaking would 
not apply to renewable energy activities.

DATES: BOEM must receive your comments on or before August 28, 2023. 
BOEM has the discretion not to consider comments received after this 
date. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and BOEM must receive 
your comments on the information collection (IC) burden in this 
rulemaking on or before July 31, 2023. The IC burden comment 
opportunity does not affect the deadline for the public to comment to 
BOEM on the proposed regulations.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments on the rulemaking by any of the 
following methods. In your comments, please reference ``Risk Management 
and Financial Assurance for OCS Lease and Grant Obligations, RIN 1010-
AE14.'' Please include your name, and phone number or email address, so 
we can contact you if we have questions regarding your submission.
     Federal rulemaking portal: https://www.regulations.gov. In 
the entry titled, ``Enter Keyword or ID,'' enter BOEM-2023-0027 then 
click search. Follow the instructions to submit public comments and 
view supporting and related materials available for this rulemaking.
     Mail or delivery service: Send comments on the BOEM 
proposed rule to the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy 
Management, Office of Regulations, Attention: Kelley Spence, 45600 
Woodland Road, Mailstop VAM-BOEM DIR, Sterling, VA 20166.
    Submit comments on the IC in this proposed rule to www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. From this main web page, you can find and submit 
comments on this particular information collection by proceeding to the 
boldface heading ``Currently under Review,'' selecting ``Department of 
the Interior'' in the ``Select Agency'' pull down menu, clicking 
``Submit,'' then, checking the box ``Only Show ICR for Public Comment'' 
on the next web page, scrolling to this proposed rule, and clicking the 
``Comment'' button at the right margin. Or, you may use the search 
function to locate the IC request related to the proposed rule on the 
main web page. Please provide a copy of your comments to the 
Information Collection Clearance Officer, Office of Regulations, Bureau 
of Ocean Energy Management, Attention: Anna Atkinson, 45600 Woodland 
Road, Sterling, Virginia 20166; or by email to [email protected]. 
Please reference OMB Control Number 1010-0006 in the subject line of 
your comments.
    Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name 
and docket number or Regulatory Information Number (RIN) for this 
rulemaking (1010-AE14). All comments received will be posted without 
change to http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal 
information provided. For detailed instructions on sending comments and 
additional information on the rulemaking process, see the ``Public 
Availability of Comments:'' heading of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 
section of this document.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
comments received, go to www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kelley Spence, Office of Regulations, 
BOEM, at [email protected] or at (984) 298-7345; or Karen 
Thundiyil, Chief, Office of Regulations, BOEM, at 
[email protected] or at (202) 742-0970.
    To obtain a copy of the information collection supporting 
statement, contact: Information Collection Clearance Officer, Office of 
Regulations, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Attention: Anna 
Atkinson, at [email protected] or at (703) 787-1025.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Public Availability of Comments: BOEM may post all submitted 
comments to regulations.gov. Before including your name, return 
address, phone number, email address, or other personally identifiable 
information in your comment, you should be aware that your entire 
comment--including your personally identifiable information--may be 
made publicly available. In order for BOEM to withhold from disclosure 
your personally identifiable information, you must identify, in a cover 
letter, any information contained in the submittal of your comments 
that, if released, would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of 
your personal privacy. You must also briefly describe in such cover 
letter any possible harmful consequences of the disclosure of 
information, such as embarrassment, injury, or other harm. While you 
can ask us in your comment to withhold your personally identifiable 
information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be 
able to do so. Even if BOEM withholds your information in the context 
of this rulemaking, your submission is subject to the Freedom of 
Information Act (FOIA) and any relevant court orders, and if your 
submission is requested under the FOIA or such court order, your 
information will only be withheld if a determination is made that one 
of the FOIA's exemptions to disclosure applies or if such court order 
is challenged. Such a determination will be made in accordance with the 
Department's FOIA regulations and applicable law.
    Organization of this document. The information in this preamble is 
organized as follows:

I. Table of Acronyms and Terms
II. Executive Summary
III. Background of BOEM Regulations
    A. BOEM Statutory and Regulatory Authority and Responsibilities
    B. History of Bonding Regulations and Guidance

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    C. 2020 Joint Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
    D. Purpose of BOEM's Proposed Rulemaking
IV. Proposed Revisions to BOEM Supplemental Financial Assurance 
Requirements
    A. Leases
    B. Right-of-Use and Easement Grants
    C. Pipeline Right-of-Way Grants
V. Proposed Revisions to Other Types of Supplemental Financial 
Assurance
    A. Third-Party Guarantees
    B. Decommissioning Accounts
    C. Transfers of Lease Interests to Other Lessees or Operating 
Rights Holders
VI. BOEM Evaluation Methodology
    A. Credit Ratings
    B. Valuing Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
VII. Phased Compliance With Supplemental Financial Assurance Orders
VIII. Appeals Bonds
IX. Proposed Revisions to BOEM Definitions
X. Section-by-Section Analysis
XI. Additional Comments Solicited by BOEM
XII. Procedural Matters
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review, as 
Amended by Executive Order 14094--Modernizing Regulatory Review, and 
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    B. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    C. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    E. Executive Order 12630: Governmental Actions and Interference 
With Constitutionally Protected Property Rights
    F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    G. Executive Order 12988: Civil Justice Reform
    H. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    I. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    J. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
    K. Data Quality Act
    L. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    M. Clarity of This Regulation

I. Table of Acronyms and Terms

    Several acronyms and terms are included in this preamble. To ease 
the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, we list the 
following acronyms and their meanings here.

ANCSA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
ANPRM Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
BSEE Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
DOI Department of the Interior
E.O. Executive Order
FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FR Federal Register
GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GAO Government Accountability Office
IC Information Collection
INC Incidents of Non-Compliance
IRFA Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
IRIA Initial Regulatory Impact Assessment
MMS Minerals Management Service
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NRSRO Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization
NTL Notice to Lessees
OIRA Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (a component of 
OMB)
OMB Office of Management and Budget
OCS Outer Continental Shelf
OCSLA Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act
PRA Paperwork Reduction Act
RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis
RUE Right-of-Use and Easement
ROW Right-of-Way
SBA Small Business Administration
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
S&P Standard and Poor's
U.S.C. United States Code

II. Executive Summary

    This proposed rule would require that the holders of interests in 
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) leases and grants provide financial 
assurance for their own contractual and regulatory obligations, 
including decommissioning obligations, to prevent the Federal 
Government from incurring costs to perform those obligations and to 
avoid the environmental or safety hazards associated with delayed 
compliance. This approach adheres to the general principle that the 
private parties enjoying the benefit of producing the mineral resources 
of the OCS should not shift the cost of satisfying their contractual 
and environmental obligations to the public. Based on the proposed 
framework, BOEM estimates that the aggregate amount of supplemental 
financial assurance required of lessees and grant holders under this 
proposed rulemaking available to the U.S. government for 
decommissioning activities would increase by an estimated $9.2 billion 
over current levels. This value represents less than one-quarter of all 
decommissioning liabilities, which is currently estimated at $42.8 
billion.
    This proposed rule is intended to update BOEM's criteria for 
determining whether oil, gas, and sulfur lessees, RUE grant holders, 
and ROW grant holders may be required to provide surety bonds or other 
financial assurance above the prescribed base financial assurance to 
ensure compliance with OCSLA. Provisions of this proposed rulemaking 
would change the existing criteria used to determine whether 
supplemental financial assurance should be required of OCS oil and gas 
lessees and grantees. Under the existing regulations, BOEM considers 
five criteria in making this determination for lessees: financial 
capacity; projected financial strength; business stability; record of 
compliance with existing rules and regulations; and reliability. This 
rulemaking proposes to eliminate those five criteria and replace them 
with two new criteria: credit rating and the ratio of the value of 
proved oil and gas reserves on the lease to the lease decommissioning 
liability associated with those reserves.
    Using the credit rating of the lessee (to determine its financial 
strength) and the value of proved oil and gas reserves available to 
meet future financial obligations, BOEM would not require supplemental 
financial assurance in three cases. First, under this proposed rule, a 
lessee with an investment grade credit rating would not be required to 
post supplemental financial assurance beyond a base bond to cover its 
lease and regulatory obligations. These base bonds can range from 
$50,000 for a lease-specific bond with no approved operational activity 
to $3 million for an area-wide bond that includes a development 
production plan. Second, where there are multiple co-lessees on a 
lease, if any one co-lessee meets the credit rating threshold, none of 
the other co-lessees would be required to post supplemental financial 
assurance. Finally, for any lease on which all lessees are rated below 
investment grade, BOEM would next look to the value of the lease's 
proved oil and gas reserves relative to lease decommissioning 
obligations associated with the production of those reserves. For any 
such lease, if a lease has proved reserves with a value of at least 
three times that of the estimated decommissioning cost, no supplemental 
financial assurance would be required. In any case other than the three 
mentioned here, supplemental financial assurance would be mandatory.
    Overall, this proposed rule would impose greater supplemental 
financial assurance requirements on lessees than the amounts currently 
required. This proposed rule also contains a provision that would allow 
phased-in compliance over a period of three years, which could ease 
burdens on individual lessees and operators in the short term.
    This proposed rule would also make other less significant changes. 
This proposed rule would provide more specific bonding requirements for 
Federal RUEs and would remove restrictive provisions for third-party 
guarantees and decommissioning

[[Page 42138]]

accounts. Finally, it would add new criteria under which supplemental 
bonds and third-party guarantees may be cancelled.
    On October 16, 2020, BOEM proposed a joint rulemaking with the 
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) to update BOEM's 
financial assurance criteria and other BSEE-administered regulations. 
On January 20, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order (E.O.) 
13990, ``Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring 
Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis.'' This Executive order, among 
other things, instructs agencies to review actions taken between 
January 20, 2017, and January 20, 2021, and consider publishing a 
notice of proposed rulemaking suspending, revising, or rescinding that 
action. Upon conducting such a review of the 2020 proposal and the 
record postdating the review, BOEM has decided, as an exercise of its 
judgment and expertise, not to move forward with the BOEM-administered 
portions of that 2020 proposed rulemaking. BOEM has instead decided to 
issue this new notice of proposed rulemaking to address its financial 
assurance policy concerns. BOEM is no longer considering any BOEM-
related topics or proposals from that 2020 proposed joint rulemaking 
that are not discussed in this current proposed rule. BSEE finalized 
the BSEE-related provisions of the 2020 joint proposed rule on April 
18, 2023 (88 FR 23569). This proposed rulemaking takes a new approach 
to update the financial assurance criteria to ensure that current 
lessees have sufficient resources to meet their lease and regulatory 
obligations, therefore providing more protection to the taxpayer. BSEE 
is expected to continue to exercise its regulatory authority to issue 
decommissioning orders to predecessor lessees, seek an appropriation, 
or intervene as necessary to address an environmental or safety risk, 
regardless of the outcome of this proposed rule. However, without this 
proposed rule (i.e., without the financial assurance fully in place), 
it could take longer to arrange for decommissioning, which could result 
in additional environmental damage or increased obstacles to 
navigation. A reduction in decommissioning activity lead-time could 
reduce environmental damage, but BOEM cannot quantify this benefit in 
this rulemaking.
    This proposed rulemaking would not apply to renewable energy 
activities.

III. Background of BOEM Regulations

A. BOEM Statutory and Regulatory Authority and Responsibilities

    BOEM's authority to promulgate this rulemaking is granted by 
section 5 of OCSLA, 43 U.S.C. 1334. That section authorizes the 
Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) to issue regulations to 
administer OCS leasing for mineral development. Section 5(a) of OCSLA 
(43 U.S.C. 1334(a)) authorizes the Secretary to ``prescribe such rules 
and regulations as may be necessary to carry out'' the ``provisions of 
[OCSLA] relating to the leasing of the'' OCS. Section 5(b) of OCSLA (43 
U.S.C. 1334(b)) provides that ``compliance with regulations issued 
under'' OCSLA must be a condition of ``[t]he issuance and continuance 
in effect of any lease, or of any assignment or other transfer of any 
lease, under the provisions of'' OCSLA.
    43 U.S.C. 1338a reflects Congress' intent to authorize BOEM to 
collect financial assurance by specifically addressing the forfeiture 
of bonds and financial assurances by an OCS permittee, lessee, or 
right-of-way holder that does not fulfill the requirements of its 
permit, lease, or right-of-way or does not comply with the regulations 
of the Secretary, which includes defaulting on decommissioning 
activities.
    The Secretary, in Secretary's Order 3299, as amended, delegated the 
authority to BOEM to carry out offshore conventional energy-related 
(e.g., oil and gas) and renewable energy-related functions including, 
but not limited to, activities involving resource evaluation, planning, 
and leasing. Thus, BOEM is responsible for managing development of the 
Nation's offshore energy and mineral resources in an environmentally 
and economically responsible way. Secretary's Order 3299 also assigned 
authority to BSEE, including, but not limited to, enforcement of a 
lessee's obligation to perform decommissioning. BSEE provides estimates 
of decommissioning costs to BOEM so that the financial assurance 
required by BOEM will be sufficient to cover the estimated cost to 
perform decommissioning, thereby protecting the Federal Government from 
incurring financial loss. While BOEM also has program oversight for the 
financial assurance requirements set forth in 30 CFR parts 551, 581, 
582, and 585, this proposed rule pertains only to the financial 
assurance requirements for oil and gas or sulfur leases under 30 CFR 
part 556, associated RUE grants and ROW grants under 30 CFR part 550, 
and appeals of supplemental financial assurance demands under 30 CFR 
part 590.

B. History of Bonding Regulations and Guidance

    BOEM's existing financial assurance requirements for oil and gas 
leases (30 CFR 556.900 through 556.907) and pipeline ROW grants (30 CFR 
550.1011), published by BOEM's predecessor, the Minerals Management 
Service (MMS), on May 22, 1997 (62 FR 27948),\1\ authorize the Regional 
Director to require bonding for oil and gas leases and pipeline ROW 
grants. Sections 556.900(a) and 556.901(a) and (b) require lease-
specific or area-wide base bonds in prescribed amounts, depending on 
the level of activity on a lease or leases. Section 556.901(d) 
authorizes the Regional Director to require supplemental financial 
assurance for leases above the amounts for lease and area-wide base 
bonds prescribed in the regulations. Similarly, Sec.  550.1011 
authorizes the Regional Director to require an area-wide base surety 
bond in a prescribed amount and, when determined necessary, 
supplemental financial assurance above the prescribed amount, for ROW 
grants.
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    \1\ The 1997 rule amended 30 CFR parts 250 and 256; 30 CFR parts 
550 and 556 did not exist at that time. BOEM published the current 
regulations in 30 CFR parts 550 and 556 on October 18, 2011, 76 FR 
64432. However, the 2011 rule did not make any substantive changes 
to the bonding and financial assurance requirements that were 
adopted in 1997; thus, the 1997 rule represents the last substantive 
update to the regulatory provisions for lessees.
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    BOEM's existing bonding regulations for RUE grants (Sec. Sec.  
550.160 and 550.166), published by MMS on December 28, 1999 (64 FR 
72756),\2\ empower the Regional Director to require surety bonds or 
other financial assurance for RUE grants. Section 550.160(c) states 
that an applicant for a RUE serving an OCS lease ``must meet bonding 
requirements.'' See 30 CFR 550.160(c). While no regulation prescribes a 
particular bond amount for a RUE that applies to an OCS lease, Sec.  
550.160 authorizes the Regional Director to require financial assurance 
if, and in the amount, the Regional Director determines necessary.
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    \2\ The financial assurance regulations for RUE and ROW grants, 
then at Sec. Sec.  250.160 and 250.166, were substantively modified 
in 1999. These provisions were renumbered in October 2011.
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    Section 550.166(a) requires an applicant for a RUE that serves a 
State lease to provide a base surety bond of $500,000. Section 
550.166(b) provides that the Regional Director may require supplemental 
financial assurance above the prescribed $500,000 base surety bond from 
the holder of a such a RUE. MMS and now BOEM have employed the criteria 
used for determining whether supplemental financial assurance is 
required for leases to such

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determinations for RUE and ROW grants because specific criteria for 
grants do not exist in the current regulations.
    BOEM regulations at Sec. Sec.  556.604(d) and 556.605(e) and BSEE 
regulations at Sec.  250.1701 hold predecessors and current co-lessees 
responsible for decommissioning when a current lessee is unable to 
perform. The existing lease bonding regulations under Sec.  556.901(d) 
provide five criteria \3\ that the Regional Director uses to determine 
whether a lessee's potential inability to carry out present and future 
financial obligations warrants a demand for supplemental financial 
assurance. However, the existing regulations do not specifically 
describe how the agency weighs those criteria. To provide guidance, MMS 
issued Notice to Lessees (NTL) No. 98-18N, effective December 28, 1998, 
which provided details on how it would apply the five criteria. This 
NTL was superseded by NTL No. 2003-N06, effective June 17, 2003, and 
that NTL was later superseded by NTL No. 2008-N07, which was effective 
August 28, 2008, but which was superseded on September 12, 2016. The 
September 12, 2016, NTL was subsequently rescinded.
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    \3\ The following are the five criteria: (i) Financial capacity 
substantially in excess of existing and anticipated lease and other 
obligations; (ii) Projected financial strength significantly in 
excess of existing and future lease obligations; (iii) Business 
stability based on five years of continuous operation and production 
of oil and gas or sulfur in the OCS or in the onshore oil and gas 
industry; (iv) Reliability in meeting obligations based on: (A) 
Credit rating; or (B) Trade references; and (v) Record of compliance 
with laws, regulations, and lease terms.
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    Pursuant to BOEM's practice under NTL No. 2008-N07, a lessee or 
grant holder that did not pass established financial thresholds \4\ was 
required to provide supplemental financial assurance to cover its 
decommissioning liabilities. However, a lessee or grant holder that did 
pass such thresholds--including an analysis whether its cumulative 
potential decommissioning liability was less than or equal to 50 
percent of its net worth \5\--did not have to provide supplemental 
financial assurance and was considered ``waived.'' Additionally, if one 
lessee on a lease was waived, no other co-lessee (regardless of its own 
financial strength) would be required to provide supplemental financial 
assurance to cover the decommissioning liability for the lease. In a 
situation involving multiple lessees and two or more co-lessees that 
qualified for a waiver, none of the co-lessees was required to provide 
financial assurance, and the decommissioning liability on the lease was 
not attributable to any lessee. Because companies in this situation 
would not have the decommissioning liability associated with their 
lease(s) attributed to them (i.e., the decommissioning liability would 
not be attributed to any company), that liability would not have been 
considered in determining whether that company met the net worth 
requirements to obtain a waiver.
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    \4\ The 2008 NTL mandated a minimum net worth of $65 million and 
imposed a cap on the amount of waived liability at 50% of net worth. 
Liability covered by two qualified companies was not counted against 
the 50% cap.
    \5\ This is not a separate criterion but simply an elaboration 
of criterion one.
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    For a company in this situation, the financial capacity of the 
lessee would have appeared better than it actually was, because its 
total decommissioning liability appeared artificially low; the lessee 
could potentially qualify for a waiver to which it might not otherwise 
be entitled. Undergirding this rationale was an assumption that the 
chances of two waived lessees becoming financially distressed was 
unlikely. This proposed rule addresses that potential risk by allowing 
BOEM to obtain additional data to take contingent liabilities into 
consideration.
    Since 2009, more than 30 corporate bankruptcies have occurred 
involving offshore oil and gas lessees with un-bonded decommissioning 
liabilities. The fact that bankruptcies and reorganizations have 
involved un-bonded decommissioning liabilities demonstrates that the 
waiver criteria in NTL No. 2008-N07 were inadequate to protect the 
public from potential responsibility for OCS decommissioning 
liabilities, especially during periods of low oil and gas prices. For 
example, ATP Oil & Gas was a mid-sized company with a supplemental 
financial assurance waiver when it filed for bankruptcy in 2012. 
Similarly, Bennu Oil & Gas, LLC, had a waiver at the time of its 
bankruptcy filing, and Energy XXI, Ltd., and Stone Energy Corporation 
obtained waivers within a year of filing for bankruptcy. While most OCS 
leases affected by the bankruptcies were ultimately sold or retained by 
the companies reorganized under chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, 
these bankruptcies highlighted the weaknesses in BOEM's supplemental 
financial assurance program, including the waiver criteria in NTL No. 
2008-N07, and BOEM's inability to forecast financial distress of these 
waived operators with sufficient time to require and receive financial 
assurance.
    These bankruptcies involved a total offshore decommissioning 
liability of approximately $7.5 billion. This figure includes 
properties with co-lessees and predecessor lessees and properties held 
by companies that successfully emerged from a chapter 11 
reorganization. However, the actual financial risk to the United States 
is significantly less than the total offshore decommissioning liability 
associated with offshore corporate bankruptcies. This is in part 
because other private parties may be responsible for decommissioning 
costs. Co-lessees and predecessors retain pre-existing obligations to 
fund or perform decommissioning. Also, a bankrupt company's assets were 
often sold to financially stronger buyers who assumed those 
liabilities.
    Additionally, if BOEM has insufficient supplemental financial 
assurance at the time of an operator's bankruptcy, BOEM may pursue 
legal avenues for obtaining performance or funds in bankruptcy 
proceedings, such as provisions for decommissioning in the terms of the 
reorganization, the sale of the leases to financially responsible 
buyers, or limitations on debtor attempts to abandon environmental 
problems. However, in pursuing legal avenues, favorable outcomes are 
not assured, and additional funds may not be obtained to cover 
decommissioning obligations. It is possible that when there are 
multiple co-lessees on a lease, only one of them meets the credit 
rating threshold. It is also possible that co-lessees are not required 
to provide additional financial assurance and predecessors lack 
sufficient capital to fulfill unexpected decommissioning obligations. 
In these scenarios, bankrupt assets may prove less valuable than 
anticipated and fail to generate new buyers at auction. Components and 
wells for which the bankrupt party is the only liable party on the 
lease may further complicate decommissioning efforts. These challenges 
create a risk of unplugged wells and orphaned infrastructure. The 
American taxpayer may pay the cost of plugging those wells and 
reclaiming that abandoned infrastructure. BSEE has identified orphaned 
infrastructure without a predecessor and no financial assurance to 
cover the cost of decommissioning. BSEE's fiscal year 2023 budget 
request included $30 million in order to address this uncovered 
infrastructure.
    On May 27, 2009, MMS issued a proposed rule, ``Leasing of Sulphur 
or Oil and Gas and Bonding Requirements in the Outer Continental 
Shelf'' (74 FR 25177), to rewrite the majority of 30 CFR part 256 (now 
redesignated as 30 CFR part 556).\6\ However, BOEM (post MMS 
restructuring) deferred revision of the bonding regulations to a 
separate rulemaking. The separate rulemaking

[[Page 42140]]

commenced August 19, 2014, with an advance notice of proposed 
rulemaking (ANPRM), ``Risk Management, Financial Assurance and Loss 
Prevention'' (79 FR 49027), to solicit ideas for improving the bonding 
regulations.
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    \6\ 76 FR 64432, Oct. 18. 2011.
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    In December 2015, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) 
reviewed BOEM's supplemental financial assurance procedures and issued 
a report titled ``Offshore Oil and Gas Resources: Actions Needed to 
Better Protect Against Billions of Dollars in Federal Exposure to 
Decommissioning Liabilities.'' (GAO Report). While acknowledging BOEM's 
ongoing efforts to update its policies, the GAO Report recommended, 
inter alia, that ``BOEM complete its plan to revise its supplemental 
financial assurance procedures, including the use of alternative 
measures of financial strength.'' \7\
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    \7\ https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-16-40.
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    Following further analysis and a series of stakeholder meetings in 
2015 and 2016 to solicit industry input, BOEM attempted to remedy the 
weaknesses in its supplemental financial assurance program with new NTL 
No. 2016-N01, ``Requiring Additional Security,'' which became effective 
September 12, 2016. NTL No. 2016-N01 sought to clarify the procedures 
and explain how BOEM would use the regulatory criteria to determine if 
and when supplemental financial assurance would be required for OCS 
leases and RUE and ROW grants. The NTL used net worth of a lessee as a 
measure of financial strength, detailed several changes in policy, and 
refined the criteria used to determine a lessee's or grant holder's 
financial ability to carry out its obligations. On August 29, 2016, 
BOEM requested GAO to close the above-stated recommendation in the GAO 
Report, stating that BOEM had implemented the recommendation by 
issuance of the NTL. The GAO found that the recommendation had been 
implemented and closed the audit recommendation later in Fiscal Year 
2016.
    In December 2016, BOEM began implementing the NTL and issued 
numerous orders to lessees and grant holders to provide supplemental 
financial assurance for ``sole liability properties,'' i.e., leases and 
RUE and ROW grants for which the lessee or grant holder was the only 
party liable for meeting the lease or grant obligations.
    On January 6, 2017, BOEM issued a note to stakeholders extending 
the implementation timeline for NTL No. 2016-N01 for six months. The 
extension applied to leases and RUE and ROW grants for which there were 
co-lessees, predecessors in interest, or both, except where BOEM 
determined there was a substantial risk of nonperformance of the 
interest holder's decommissioning obligations. The extension of the 
implementation timeline allowed BOEM to evaluate which leases and 
grants would be considered sole liability properties.
    BOEM issued a second note to stakeholders on February 17, 2017, 
further extending the implementation timeline. BOEM also announced in 
the February note that it would withdraw the December 2016 orders 
issued on sole liability properties to allow time for the then new 
administration to review BOEM's supplemental financial assurance 
program.
    In 2017, BOEM began to review its supplemental financial assurance 
program and NTL No. 2016-N01 to determine whether modifications were 
necessary and, if so, to what extent. BOEM's objective was ensuring 
operator compliance with lease terms while minimizing unnecessary 
burden on industry. As a result of this review, BOEM recognized the 
need to further develop a comprehensive program to assist in 
identifying, prioritizing, and managing the risks associated with 
industry activities on the OCS. This included options for revising or 
rescinding NTL No. 2016-N01 and revising the financial assurance 
program through rulemaking.

C. 2020 Joint Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

    On October 16, 2020, BOEM and BSEE issued a joint notice of 
proposed rulemaking to revise certain BSEE policies concerning 
decommissioning orders and BOEM's financial assurance regulations. (See 
``Risk Management, Financial Assurance and Loss Prevention,'' 85 FR 
65904). As stated above, under existing regulations, BOEM requires 
lessees to provide a base bond as financial assurance to ensure that 
the cost of meeting OCS obligations is not passed to the taxpayer. The 
Regional Director may also order supplemental financial assurance if 
necessary to ensure performance of offshore decommissioning 
obligations.
    In the joint proposed rule, BOEM proposed to adjust its 
supplemental financial assurance criteria to reflect the risk 
mitigation already provided by the joint and several liability of 
financially stable co-lessees and predecessor lessees. BSEE and BOEM 
regulations hold predecessors and current co-lessees responsible for 
decommissioning when a current lessee is unable to perform.\8\ In the 
joint proposed rule, BOEM would have taken into account the financial 
stability of predecessor lessees by waiving supplemental financial 
assurance requirements for a current lessee when there was a 
financially strong predecessor lessee.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ See, for example, 30 CFR 556.604(d), 556.605(e), and 
250.1701.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the joint proposed rule, BOEM also sought to change its 
methodology for measuring financial strength to focus on a lessee's or 
its predecessor's credit rating and the value of proved oil and gas 
reserves. These proposed criteria would have relied on a company's 
nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) credit 
rating or an equivalent BOEM proxy credit rating determined by 
evaluating a company's submitted audited financial statements through 
S&P Global's Credit Analytics credit model or a similar, widely 
accepted credit rating model. Under the joint proposed rule, a credit 
rating less than or equal to either BB- from S&P Global's Credit 
Analytics ratings (S&P), Ba3 from Moody's Investor Service (Moody's) or 
a proxy credit rating less than or equal to either BB- or Ba3, as 
determined by the Regional Director, could have constituted grounds for 
the Regional Director to require a lessee to provide supplemental 
financial assurance. If a company did not meet the minimum credit 
rating or proxy credit rating level, BOEM would have inquired into the 
credit or proxy credit ratings of co-lessees and predecessor lessees, 
which could be held liable under joint and several liability. If one of 
these co-lessees or predecessors met the credit rating criteria, BOEM 
could decide not to require supplemental financial assurance from the 
lessee. If there were no co-lessee or predecessor lessee that met the 
credit rating criteria, BOEM would then look to the value of the proved 
oil and gas reserves on the lease. If the value of those proved 
reserves was equal to or greater than three times the estimated cost of 
the decommissioning associated with the production of the reserves on 
any given lease, supplemental financial assurance would not have been 
required.
    BOEM further proposed to use the same credit rating criteria to 
determine the financial assurance requirements for RUE grants described 
in Sec.  550.160 and ROW grants in a revised Sec.  550.1011. This would 
have included consideration of the credit and proxy credit ratings of 
co- and predecessor grant holders but would not have considered proved 
oil and gas reserves, given that neither RUE nor ROW grants entitle the 
holder to any interest in oil and gas reserves.

[[Page 42141]]

    The joint proposed rule would have also applied the same credit 
rating criteria to its evaluation of potential guarantors. The joint 
proposed rule also would have removed the requirement for a third-party 
guarantee to ensure full compliance with the obligations of all 
lessees, operating rights owners, and operators on the lease and would 
have allowed a third-party guarantee to be used as supplemental 
financial assurance for a RUE or ROW grant. The former change would 
have allowed a guarantor to limit its guarantee to a subset of lease or 
grant obligations. Additional proposed changes would have applied to 
third-party guarantees the same terms and conditions that apply to 
cancellation of supplemental financial assurance surety bonds and 
return of pledged financial assurance, as well as a clarification to 
reiterate that ``guarantee'' and ``indemnity agreement'' both refer to 
the same guarantee agreement.
    On January 20, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order 13990, 
``Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to 
Tackle the Climate Crisis.'' This Executive order, among other things, 
instructs agencies to review actions taken between January 20, 2017, 
and January 20, 2021, and consider publishing a notice of proposed 
rulemaking suspending, revising, or rescinding that action. Upon 
conducting such a review of the 2020 proposal and the record postdating 
the review, BOEM has decided, as an exercise of its judgement and 
expertise, not to move forward with the joint proposed rule and 
acknowledges that NTL No. 2016-N01 was never fully implemented and has 
since been rescinded. This NPRM parallels the approach in BOEM's 
portion of the 2020 proposal but, to increase protection of the 
taxpayer, it would require a higher threshold credit rating and would 
not allow a current lessee to avoid posting additional assurance based 
on a predecessor lessee's strength.

D. Purpose of BOEM's Proposed Rulemaking

    This proposed rule is intended to update BOEM's criteria for 
determining whether oil, gas, and sulfur lessees, RUE grant holders, 
and ROW grant holders may be required to provide supplemental financial 
assurance to ensure compliance with their OCS obligations. In its 
continued efforts to address concerns with the financial assurance 
program, BOEM has opted to issue this new notice of proposed rulemaking 
to better protect the taxpayer from bearing the cost of facility 
decommissioning and other financial risks associated with OCS 
development, such as oil spill cleanup or other environmental 
remediation. Although the cases where taxpayers have actually paid 
costs for decommissioning are rare, some BOEM lessees have entered 
bankruptcy without the resources to cover decommissioning. In these 
cases, BOEM is required to negotiate with predecessors, co-lessees, and 
bankruptcy courts to obtain the funds needed for decommissioning. As 
mentioned earlier, this process is not always sufficient, as reflected 
in BSEE's request for additional appropriations to cover 
decommissioning of facilities for which there is no remaining liable 
party. BOEM has decided not to set a lower supplemental financial 
assurance requirement for lessees with financially strong predecessor 
lessees. Instead, BOEM proposes to require supplemental financial 
assurance for all leases owned by lessees that do not meet the proposed 
financial strength threshold or have sufficiently valuable proved oil 
and gas reserves on their leases that may attract a buyer if the 
current lessees are in financial distress. The omission of predecessor 
lessees from this calculus addresses several financial assurance 
issues. It ensures the current lessees have the financial capability to 
fulfill its decommissioning obligations, and discourages lessees from 
ignoring end-of-life decommissioning costs. It also simplifies 
potential administrative demands, since it obviates the need for 
parties to distinguish between wells with predecessor lessees and more 
recent sole-liability wells, side-track wells, and other sole-liability 
components. This proposed rule would retain the authority to pursue 
predecessor lessees for the performance of decommissioning; however, 
this proposed rule would not allow BOEM to rely upon the financial 
strength of predecessor lessees when determining whether, or how much, 
supplemental financial assurance should be provided by current OCS 
leaseholders.
    Under this proposed rule, instead of relying primarily on net worth 
to determine whether a lessee must provide supplemental financial 
assurance, BOEM's primary consideration would be a lessee's credit 
rating. Credit rating agencies account for many factors when evaluating 
a company, including cash flow, debt-to-earnings ratios, debt-to-funds-
from-operations ratios, and other financial factors. A credit rating 
considers the past performance of a company, including, but not limited 
to, the income statement and cash flow statement, which provide a broad 
picture of how well a company may be able to meet its liabilities. The 
rating also considers forward-looking factors, such as the anticipated 
loss of assets and the anticipated highs and lows of the company's 
business cycle. Credit ratings provide a measure of the probability of 
a default on an obligation; studies have shown a very close correlation 
between the rating level and the probability of default.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ See for example, ``Ratings vs Default Rates'', Moody's 
Annual Default Study--February 8, 2022, Douglas J. Lucas, ``Default 
Correlation and Credit Analysis'', The Journal of Fixed Income Mar 
1995, 4 (4) 76-87; DOI: 10.3905/jfi.1995.408124.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    On the other hand, a net worth analysis (typically total assets 
minus total liabilities) uses figures that reflect the last day of the 
fiscal period. This ``snapshot'' is not adequate to predict a lessee's 
future financial position because a lessee's financial deterioration 
can occur quickly due to volatility in oil and gas prices, improper 
hedging of risks, and other business and economic reasons. Net worth is 
one financial data point that may not accurately reflect the overall 
financial risk posed by the company, as compared to the more 
comprehensive financial review undertaken by the rating agencies. A 
singular financial ratio analysis may unintentionally penalize some 
corporate structures where that particular ratio is not as important or 
relevant to that business, for example midstream master limited 
partnerships, which the tax code requires to distribute 90% of net 
income to partners. Relying on the more comprehensive and forward-
looking credit rating analysis--both to determine whether supplemental 
financial assurance may be necessary and to determine whether a company 
can be a guarantor of the financial obligations of other companies 
operating on the OCS--would better allow BOEM to demand security before 
a company becomes financially distressed. For more discussion on credit 
ratings, see section VI.A (BOEM Evaluation Methodology--Credit Ratings) 
of this preamble.
    After accruing an obligation to decommission certain infrastructure 
(e.g., well, platform, pipeline), the predecessor lessee remains 
jointly and severally liable for decommissioning that infrastructure, 
even in cases where a predecessor lessee has divested its full interest 
in a lease by assignment to another company. This rulemaking would 
retain BOEM's existing right to pursue predecessor lessees for the 
performance of decommissioning; however, this rulemaking would not 
allow BOEM to rely upon the financial

[[Page 42142]]

strength of predecessor lessees when determining whether, or how much, 
supplemental financial assurance should be provided by current OCS 
leaseholders. This change strengthens the financial assurance program 
by ensuring current lessees have the financial strength or supplemental 
financial assurance in order to fulfill all their obligations.
    In summary, BOEM is proposing this rulemaking to clarify and 
simplify its financial assurance requirements and to provide greater 
protection to taxpayers. These proposed regulatory changes provide 
additional clarity that current grant holders, lessees, and, when 
appropriate, operating rights holders (sublessees) bear the cost of 
ensuring compliance with lease obligations, rather than relying on 
prior owners.

IV. Proposed Revisions to BOEM Supplemental Financial Assurance 
Requirements

    BOEM's existing financial assurance regulatory framework has two 
main components: (1) Base bonds, generally required in amounts 
prescribed by regulation, and (2) Supplemental financial assurance, 
above the prescribed base bond amounts, that may be required upon the 
Regional Director's determination that an increased amount is necessary 
to ensure compliance with OCS obligations. BOEM's objective is to 
ensure that taxpayers do not bear the cost of meeting the obligations 
of lessees and grant holders on the OCS, particularly the costs of 
decommissioning that must be met after the cash flow from production 
ceases. At the same time, BOEM also recognizes the costs and 
disincentives to additional exploration, development, and production 
that are imposed on lessees and grant holders by increasing the 
required amounts of bonds and/or other financial assurance. After 
taking these considerations into account, BOEM is proposing to: (1) 
Modify the evaluation process for requiring supplemental financial 
assurance by clarifying and streamlining the evaluation criteria; and, 
(2) Remove restrictive provisions for third-party guarantees and 
decommissioning accounts. This proposed rule would allow the Regional 
Director to require supplemental financial assurance when a lessee or 
grant holder poses a substantial risk of becoming financially unable to 
carry out its obligations under its lease or grant, or when the 
property may not have sufficient value to be sold to another company 
that could assume those obligations. In the former case, the risk that 
the taxpayer might have to take on the financial obligations of a 
lessee or grant holder is mitigated when there is a co-lessee or co-
grant holder that has sufficient financial capacity to carry out the 
obligations.

A. Leases

    Lessees are jointly and severally liable for the lease 
decommissioning obligations that accrue during their ownership, as well 
as those that accrued prior to their ownership, which means that each 
current co-lessee is liable for the full obligation and BSEE may pursue 
performance from any individual current lessee. See, e.g., 30 CFR 
556.604(d). In addition, a lessee that transfers its interest to 
another party continues to be liable for any unperformed 
decommissioning obligations that accrued prior to, or during, the time 
that lessee owned an interest in the lease. See, e.g., 30 CFR 556.710. 
This transferor liability applies, however, only to those obligations 
existing at the time of transfer; new facilities, or additions to 
existing facilities, that were not in existence at the time of any 
lease transfer are not obligations of a predecessor company and are 
considered obligations of the party that built such new facilities and 
its co- and successor lessees.
    BOEM's existing supplemental financial assurance evaluation 
process, contained in Sec.  556.901(d), is based only on the current 
lessee's ability to carry out present and future obligations. BOEM 
proposes to codify that this evaluation process includes an evaluation 
of the ability of a co-lessee to carry out present and future 
obligations. This codification recognizes that all of the current 
owners are benefiting from ongoing operations and are jointly and 
severally liable for compliance with DOI requirements. A current co-
lessee is equally liable for present obligations and future obligations 
that exist while it is a co-lessee, including nonmonetary obligations.
    Under BOEM's existing regulations, the Regional Director's 
evaluation of the need for supplemental financial assurance is based on 
the following five criteria: financial capacity; projected financial 
strength; business stability; reliability in meeting obligations based 
upon credit rating or trade references; and record of compliance with 
laws, regulations, and lease terms. BOEM is proposing to streamline its 
evaluation process by using only two criteria to determine whether 
supplemental financial assurance on a lease may be required: (1) A 
credit rating, either from an NRSRO, as identified by the United States 
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to its grant of 
authority under the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006 and its 
implementing regulations at 17 CFR parts 240 and 249, or a proxy credit 
rating determined by BOEM based on a company's audited financial 
statements; \10\ or (2) The 3-to-1 ratio of the value of proved oil and 
gas reserves on a lease to the decommissioning liability associated 
with these reserves. These criteria better align BOEM's evaluation 
process with accepted financial risk evaluation methods used by the 
banking and finance industry. Corporate credit ratings are intended to 
evaluate the potential for a company to default on its financial 
obligations and are designed so that the higher the credit rating, the 
lower the risk of default. Credit ratings and proved oil reserves are 
good indicators of the likelihood that a company will be able to meet 
its financial obligations. Eliminating subjective or less precise 
criteria--such as the length of time in operation to determine business 
stability, or trade references to determine reliability in meeting 
obligations--will simplify the process and remove criteria that may not 
accurately or consistently predict financial distress. For more 
discussion on credit ratings, see section VI.A (BOEM Evaluation 
Methodology--Credit Ratings) of this preamble.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ In order for BOEM to establish a proxy credit rating, which 
can be used for the purpose of waiving any supplemental financial 
assurance requirements that would otherwise be required, BOEM is 
requiring that any company seeking a proxy credit rating provide 
audited financial statements. If such statements are not provided, 
BOEM will require supplemental financial assurance because it will 
have insufficient basis for concluding that the owners have 
sufficient capacity to reliably and timely meet their lease 
obligations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BOEM proposes to eliminate the ``business stability'' criterion 
found in the current version of Sec.  556.901(d)(1)(iii). The existing 
regulation bases business stability on 5 years of continuous operation 
and production of oil and gas, but BOEM has determined that there is 
little correlation between such history and a company's ability to 
carry out its present and future obligations. BOEM conducted an 
analysis of offshore bankruptcies, including an assessment of the 
number of years incorporated prior to bankruptcy, and determined that 
whether a company was in business for 5 or more years had no 
relationship to the likelihood of bankruptcy.
    BOEM also proposes to eliminate the existing ``record of 
compliance'' criterion found in the current version of Sec.  
556.901(d)(1)(v). BOEM has determined that the number of INCs a company 
receives correlates with the

[[Page 42143]]

number of OCS properties it owns, not its financial stability, and 
therefore, BOEM has concluded that it is not an accurate predictor of 
its financial health. BOEM reviewed BSEE's Incidents of Non-Compliance 
(INCs) records and its Increased Oversight List, which represent BSEE's 
cumulative records of violations of performance standards on the part 
of OCS operators and lessees and determined that the number of 
incidents of non-compliance typically increases with the size and 
complexity of the operator's or lessee's operations, including the 
ratio of incidents to number of components. Because larger companies 
(regardless of credit score) tend to have more properties and 
components and therefore more INCs, BOEM determined that record of 
compliance criterion does not accurately predict financial default. 
BOEM's review of this information confirmed the feedback BOEM received 
in response to the 2016 NTL, namely that companies with a large number 
of properties and facilities tended to receive a large number of INCs 
and had more individual properties on the Increased Oversight List.\11\ 
BOEM specifically requests comments regarding the use of fines and 
violations as a criterion in the determination of a company's ability 
to fulfill decommissioning obligations, and any data or analysis 
addressing any correlation between the number of violations and the 
risk of financial default. BOEM also requests comments on whether the 
elimination of the INC's criteria would create a disincentive to comply 
with regulations. BOEM also requests comment on whether or not the cost 
of decommissioning is likely to increase based on the type, quantity, 
and magnitude of previous violations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ The most recent data are available at https://www.data.bsee.gov/Company/INCs/Default.aspx.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BOEM proposes to replace the existing ``financial capacity'' and 
``reliability'' criteria in existing Sec.  556.901(d)(1) with issuer 
credit rating or proxy credit rating. BOEM has found credit ratings, 
which are part of the existing ``reliability'' criterion, to be a more 
reliable indicator of financial ability to meet obligations than 
previous financial criteria issued by BOEM via NTLs (ex. NTL 2008-N07, 
NTL 2016-N01). Issuer credit ratings provided by a NRSRO incorporate a 
broad range of qualitative and quantitative factors, and a business 
entity's credit rating most accurately represents its overall ability 
to meet its financial commitments. An issuer credit rating is a 
forward-looking opinion about an obligor's overall creditworthiness. 
This opinion focuses on the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet 
its financial commitments as they come due.
    Under the proposal, if a lessee does not have a credit rating from 
a NRSRO, the lessee may instead submit audited financial statements, 
and BOEM will determine a proxy credit rating using a commercially 
available credit model determined by BOEM to fulfill its financial risk 
analysis requirements, such as the S&P Global's Credit Analytics credit 
model. Such audited financial information is currently the basis of one 
of the five criteria in BOEM's regulations, namely the ``financial 
capacity'' criterion. Under the proposed rule, this information will be 
the primary consideration used to evaluate lessees that do not have a 
NRSRO credit rating. BOEM has concluded that audited financial 
statements, prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting 
Principles (GAAP) and accompanied by an auditor's certificate, provide 
an accurate representation of the company's economic position and 
operational performance. Using this audited financial information to 
generate a proxy credit rating would allow BOEM to accurately determine 
if supplemental financial assurance is needed when a NRSRO rating is 
not available.
    This proposed rule would provide the Regional Director with the 
authority to require a lessee to provide supplemental financial 
assurance if the lessee or its co-lessee does not have an investment 
grade credit rating, i.e., a credit rating from a NRSRO that is greater 
than or equal to either BBB- from S&P or Baa3 from Moody's, or its 
equivalent, or a proxy credit rating greater than or equal to either 
BBB- or Baa3, as determined by the Regional Director, based on audited 
financial information with an accompanying auditor's certificate. BOEM 
has determined that having an investment grade credit rating is 
important to reliably ensure that a company not pose a substantial risk 
of default.
    Under existing BOEM and BSEE regulations that would not change in 
this proposed rule, co-lessees are jointly and severally liable for 
accrued decommissioning obligations, and the risk that the government 
will be responsible for the decommissioning cost is therefore lower 
when co-lessees are financially viable. Hence, BOEM will not require 
supplemental financial assurance for properties where at least one co-
lessee has an investment grade credit rating.
    If BOEM determines that supplemental financial assurance is 
required, BOEM bases the amount of supplemental financial assurance 
required on the BSEE decommissioning cost estimate. Previously, BSEE 
provided a single algorithm-based deterministic estimate for OCS 
facilities. In 2020, BSEE updated certain decommissioning costs in the 
Technical Information Management System (data.boem.gov).\12\ The new 
estimates were based on industry-reported decommissioning costs 
pursuant to NTL 2016-N03--Reporting Requirements for Decommissioning 
Expenditures on the OCS, later superseded by NTL 2017-N02. Based on the 
reported data, BSEE has developed three probabilistic estimates of 
decommissioning costs for each OCS facility on any given lease. The 
lowest cost estimate would have a fifty percent likelihood of covering 
the full cost of decommissioning a facility and is thus referred to as 
``P50.'' The second lowest cost estimate, P70, would have a seventy 
percent likelihood of covering the full cost of decommissioning a 
facility. The third and highest cost estimate, P90, would have a ninety 
percent likelihood of covering the full decommissioning cost of a 
facility. These BSEE-generated estimates are based on actual 
decommissioning expenditures reported by offshore companies.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ BSEE decommissioning cost estimates are available at the 
following URL: https://www.data.bsee.gov/Leasing/DecomCostEst/Default.aspx.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BOEM proposes to use the P70 value to set the amount of any 
required supplemental financial assurance. In determining to use the 
P70 value, BOEM considered using either the P50, P70, or P90 
decommissioning liability levels, which respectively represent an 
approximately 11 percent ($3.5 billion), 30 percent ($9.6 billion), and 
55 percent ($17.9 billion) increase in total estimated financial 
assurances available to address offshore decommissioning liability 
relative to the previous algorithm-based estimate, based on an analysis 
of industry-reported decommissioning costs. BOEM weighed the risk of 
being underfunded (greatest at the P50 level) against the financial 
impact of requiring more financial assurance (greatest at the P90 
level). As an example, a supplemental financial assurance set based on 
the P70 value means that, based on the uncertainty and risk applied by 
BSEE to its model, there is a 70% probability of covering the 
decommissioning cost of the facility (and therefore a 30% probability 
of exceeding it). The P70 value is not to be confused with the figure 
representing 70% of the cost of decommissioning a particular facility. 
Because it is a

[[Page 42144]]

statistical concept, it relies on the quality and size of the sample, 
as well as the uncertainty (variance) existing in these costs. There is 
also a real possibility that the P70 figure exceeds the actual 
decommissioning value of many facilities, in which case excess would 
cover some portion of insufficient assurance in those cases where the 
assurance is designed to address that entity's full range of 
liabilities.
    BOEM's goal for its financial assurance program continues to be the 
protection of the American taxpayers from exposure to financial loss 
associated with OCS development, while ensuring that the financial 
assurance program does not detrimentally affect offshore investment or 
position American offshore exploration and production companies at a 
competitive disadvantage. BOEM's proposal to use P70 would reduce 
offshore decommissioning risk to taxpayers relative both to previous 
BSEE decommissioning estimates and to a methodology based on P50, while 
reducing burden on available capital for offshore investment, including 
both conventional and renewable energy activities, imposed by the use 
of P90. BOEM requests comments on potential unknown risks associated 
with the use of P70. BOEM has examined the impact that the different P 
values would have on the amount of financial assurance required but 
lacks the data to estimate the impact that selecting a P90 value might 
have on offshore capital expenses and investments, and therefore has 
selected P70 in this proposal. We are also specifically seeking 
information and data related to these impacts from commenters.
    For comparison, at BSEE's P90 levels, the total decommissioning 
liability is approximately $51.2 billion, compared with $42.8 billion 
at P70; of that total, the liability estimate associated with lessees 
who have sub-investment grade credit ratings is approximately $24.7 
billion at the P90 level and $20.2 billion at the P70 level. The total 
liability estimates for properties expected to meet the three times 
reserves threshold is approximately $9.0 billion at the P90 level and 
$7.8 billion at P70 level. The difference between the full Tier 2 
estimate and that of Tier 2 properties meeting the three times the 
reserves threshold provides BOEM's total expected bond portfolio value 
if the rule were to be finalized. For P90 this would be $15.7 billion, 
reflecting an increase of $3.2 billion in bond demands (increased from 
$12.5 billion at P70). The annual premium estimate for the forecasted 
Tier 2 bond portfolio would increase from $380 million to $494 million, 
an increase of approximately $114 million to bond lessees at the P90 
level. This additional burden would be realized by the same population 
of lessees as at the P70 level but would provide additional certainty 
of sufficient bonding for that population in the event the facility 
owners (1) defaulted on their obligations and (2) no viable predecessor 
is available to fulfill their obligations.
    BOEM requests comments and additional data on the costs and 
benefits of setting the supplemental financial assurance requirements 
based on each of the P50, P70, and P90 decommissioning liability 
levels. In particular, BOEM would like information on impacts to 
offshore capital expenses and investments of each liability level, as 
well as impacts to potential taxpayer liability. BOEM also solicits 
comment on whether setting assurance requirements based on different 
liability levels might be appropriate for different circumstances. BOEM 
also requests comments on costs and benefits of otherwise considering 
predecessor lessees or grantees in determining the level of required 
supplemental financial assurance.
    Additionally, BOEM requests comments on the possibility of using a 
higher BSEE decommissioning estimate (i.e., P90), including on how a 
P90 estimate would affect small entities.
    An offshore oil and gas lease that has a significant reserve-to-
liability value that is, a property that can generate a cash flow 
significantly in excess of the costs associated with the 
decommissioning of its assets--is likely to be purchased by another 
company in the event of a default by the current lessee. The acquiring 
company would then become liable for existing decommissioning 
obligations, but due to the value of existing reserves, it would 
acquire sufficient positive cash flow to reduce the risk that the costs 
associated with the decommissioning of the assets would be borne by the 
government. BOEM has determined that an adequate threshold for the 
ratio of reserve value to the level of decommissioning liability should 
be three to one. This threshold is discussed further in Section VI.B of 
this preamble. Therefore, supplemental financial assurance will not be 
required for properties with a value of proved oil and gas reserves 
(using SEC methodology of reported value in the notes to the publicly 
traded companies' Form 10-Ks) exceeding three times the decommissioning 
costs (using the BSEE P70 estimated value) associated with the 
production of those reserves, as these properties pose minimal risk 
that the government will be required to bear the cost of 
decommissioning.
    BOEM is proposing to use and is requesting comments on this test as 
the criterion to replace the existing generalized ``projected financial 
strength'' criterion found currently at Sec.  556.901(d)(1)(ii), which 
considers whether the estimated value of a lessee's existing lease 
production and proved reserves is significantly in excess of the 
lessee's existing and future lease obligations.

B. Right-of-Use and Easement Grants

    BOEM's regulations concerning RUE grants serving a Federal OCS 
lease or a State lease are found in Sec. Sec.  550.160 through 550.166. 
Section 550.160 provides that an applicant for a RUE that serves an OCS 
lease ``must meet bonding requirements,'' but the regulation does not 
prescribe a base surety bond amount. The proposed rule would replace 
this requirement with a cross-reference to the specific criteria 
governing supplemental financial assurance demands in proposed Sec.  
550.166.
    BOEM is proposing to revise the bonding regulations to clarify that 
any RUE grant holder must provide base financial assurance in a 
specific amount, regardless of whether the RUE serves a State lease or 
a Federal OCS lease. BOEM is proposing to establish a Federal RUE base 
financial assurance requirement that matches the existing $500,000 base 
financial assurance requirement for State RUEs. BOEM is also proposing 
to establish a requirement for $500,000 area-wide RUE financial 
assurance, which would satisfy the base financial assurance requirement 
for any RUE holder that owns one or more RUEs within the same OCS area, 
regardless of whether the RUE serves a State or Federal lease. BOEM is 
also proposing to allow any lessee that has posted area-wide lease 
financial assurance, pursuant to Sec.  556.900(a)(1), 556.901(a)(2), or 
556.901(b)(2) for the areas specified in Sec.  556.900(a)(2), to modify 
that lease surety bond to also cover any RUE(s) in the area owned by 
the same lessee. The ability to use area-wide lease financial assurance 
to cover the RUE base financial assurance obligation would be subject 
to the requirement that the area-wide lease financial assurance would 
be in an amount equal to or greater than the RUE base financial 
assurance requirement (i.e., equal to or greater than $500,000). For 
example, under the proposed regulations a lessee with a $3 million 
area-wide lease surety bond could establish or acquire any number of 
Federal or State RUEs in the area

[[Page 42145]]

without having to post any additional financial assurance, provided the 
lessee agrees to modify the terms of its area-wide lease surety bond to 
also cover any State or Federal RUEs that it owns or acquires. If the 
existing area-wide bond is not modified, the lessee may satisfy the 
requirement by providing new financial assurance to cover its RUE(s).
    The rule proposes to consider the credit rating or proxy credit 
rating of a RUE co-grant holder, mirroring the proposed methodology 
used to determine if a lessee must provide supplemental financial 
assurance. These credit rating standards provide the most effective and 
proven method to evaluate a company's financial wherewithal and are 
widely accepted as a significant demarcation of credit risk between 
investment and non-investment grade rated companies. BOEM proposes to 
include consideration of the credit rating or proxy credit rating of 
co-owners of RUE grants because, like co-lessees, they are jointly and 
severally liable for accrued decommissioning obligations for facilities 
and pipelines on their RUE.
    These changes to the RUE financial assurance requirements are 
intended to: (1) Clarify the bonding requirement for Federal RUEs, 
which is not explicitly defined in the existing regulations; (2) Align 
the RUE bonding requirements for RUEs serving State and Federal leases; 
and (3) Ensure that all RUEs are duly covered and that the risk of a 
RUE holder defaulting on its decommissioning obligations is not 
transferred to the American taxpayer.
    BOEM is also proposing a new regulation to establish the conditions 
under which the assignment of RUE interests may be disapproved. BOEM 
may disapprove the assignment of a RUE when the assignee has not 
satisfied all obligations under the regulations or under any BOEM or 
BSEE order. BOEM may disapprove the assignment when the assignee has 
not satisfied the financial assurance requirements.
    BOEM is also proposing to revise the financial assurance 
regulations to clarify that any RUE grant holder, whether the RUE 
serves a State or Federal lease, may be required to provide 
supplemental financial assurance for the RUE--above the $500,000 RUE 
base financial assurance discussed above--if the grant holder does not 
meet the credit rating or proxy credit rating criteria proposed to be 
used for lessees. This change aligns the supplemental financial 
assurance criteria for RUEs with those used in making the same 
determination for leases. The value of proved oil and gas reserves will 
not be considered because a RUE grant does not entitle the holder to 
any interest in oil and gas reserves.

C. Pipeline Right-of-Way Grants

    BOEM's bonding requirements for pipeline ROW grants, contained in 
Sec.  550.1011, prescribe a $300,000 area-wide base surety bond that 
guarantees compliance with all the terms and conditions of the pipeline 
ROW grants held by a company in an OCS area. BOEM may require a 
pipeline ROW grant holder to provide supplemental financial assurance 
if the Regional Director determines that financial assurance in excess 
of $300,000 is needed, but, unlike with leases, the regulation provides 
no factors for the Regional Director's consideration when making this 
determination. Therefore, BOEM is proposing to revise the financial 
assurance regulations to provide that the Regional Director will demand 
that a pipeline ROW grant holder provide supplemental financial 
assurance when the grant holder does not meet the same credit rating or 
proxy credit rating criteria proposed to be used for lessees. The value 
of proved oil and gas reserves will not be considered because a ROW 
grant does not entitle the holder to any interest in oil and gas 
reserves.
    The rule also proposes to consider the credit rating or proxy 
credit rating of a co-grant holder. This change would better align 
BOEM's evaluation process with accepted financial risk evaluation 
methods used by the banking and finance industry and with the process 
used to determine if a lessee must provide supplemental financial 
assurance. BOEM proposes to include consideration of the credit rating 
or proxy credit rating of co-owners of ROW grants because, like co-
lessees, they are jointly and severally liable for accrued 
decommissioning obligations for facilities and pipelines on their ROW 
(Sec.  250.1701(b)).

V. Proposed Revisions to Other Types of Supplemental Financial 
Assurance

A. Third-Party Guarantees

    BOEM is proposing to evaluate a potential guarantor using the same 
credit rating or proxy credit rating criteria proposed for lessees. The 
value of proved oil and gas reserves of an associated lease would not 
be considered because that value is a characteristic of the lease 
belonging to the guaranteed lessee and not an asset belonging to the 
guarantor.
    The criteria to evaluate a guarantor provided in the existing 
regulations have proved difficult to apply. For example, Sec.  
556.905(a)(3) provides that the guarantor's total outstanding and 
proposed guarantees may not exceed 25 percent of its unencumbered net 
worth in the United States. Determining a company's total outstanding 
and proposed guarantees depends on accurate information provided by the 
guarantor, and BOEM has no way to confirm whether the 25 percent 
threshold has been exceeded at the time the guarantee is proffered or 
afterward. The same provision requires BOEM to consider the 
unencumbered net worth of the company in the United States, while 
another provision, Sec.  556.905(c)(2)(iv), requires BOEM to consider 
the guarantor's unencumbered fixed assets in the United States. Both of 
these criteria are difficult to apply when the company under evaluation 
has domestic and international assets that must be separated. Using the 
same financial evaluation criterion, i.e., issuer credit rating or 
proxy credit rating, to assess both guarantors and lessees as the most 
relevant measure of future capacity would provide consistency in 
evaluations and avoid overreliance on net worth.
    To allow more flexibility in the use of third-party guarantees, the 
proposed rule would allow a third-party guarantee to be used as 
supplemental financial assurance for a RUE or ROW grant, as well as a 
lease. Most significantly, in proposed Sec.  556.902(a)(3), this 
proposed rule would remove the requirement for a third-party guarantee 
to ensure compliance with the obligations of all lessees, operating 
rights owners, and operators on the lease, and would allow a guarantee 
limited to a specific amount, as agreed to by BOEM, or limited to the 
liabilities of specific parties. Potential guarantors are reluctant to 
provide a guarantee if they cannot limit the amount of their guarantee 
or choose the entity for which they are guaranteeing compliance. This 
change would allow a guarantor to limit its guarantee to a specific 
amount of the total financial assurance requirement. The remaining 
amount of required financial assurance must be covered by additional 
security from the guaranteed lessee/grant holder or its co-lessees or 
co-grant holders, so the amount of the requirement is fully satisfied. 
BOEM is proposing this change because the existing regulations do not 
clearly limit the liability of a guarantor to a fixed monetary amount 
stated in the guarantee. Therefore, few parties were willing to use 
third-party guarantees in the past.
    By allowing a third-party guarantor to guarantee only the 
obligations it wishes to cover, BOEM would provide industry with the 
flexibility to use the guarantee to satisfy supplemental financial

[[Page 42146]]

assurance requirements without forcing the guarantor to cover the risks 
associated with all parties on the lease or grant or operations in 
which the party they wish to guarantee has no interest and over which 
the guarantor may have no control. Moreover, the proposal to allow BOEM 
to accept a third-party guarantee that is limited to specific 
obligations does not reduce BOEM's protection because the regulations 
would require that the financial assurance provided secures all lease 
and grant obligations.
    The proposed rule would also allow BOEM to cancel a third-party 
guarantee under the same terms and conditions that apply to 
cancellation of other types of financial assurance, as provided in 
proposed Sec.  556.906(d)(2).
    Lastly, the existing regulation refers to both a ``guarantee'' and 
an ``indemnity agreement'' (which BOEM intended to mean the same 
thing), and the proposed rule clarifies that the regulations 
contemplate only one agreement: the guarantee agreement.

B. Decommissioning Accounts

    Section 556.904 currently allows lessees to establish a lease-
specific abandonment account to satisfy any supplemental financial 
assurance required by Sec.  556.901(d). BOEM proposes to rename these 
accounts ``Decommissioning Accounts,'' the terminology used by the 
industry, to remove any perceived limitation of this type of account to 
a single lease, and to signify that these accounts may be used to 
ensure compliance with supplemental financial assurance requirements 
for a RUE and ROW grant, as well as a lease. To make these accounts 
more attractive to parties who may desire to use this method of 
providing supplemental financial assurance, BOEM also proposes to 
remove the requirement to pledge Treasury securities to fund the 
account before the funds equal the maximum amount insurable by the 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (currently capped at 
$250,000). BOEM notes that, due to this current requirement, lessees 
may have been unwilling to use decommissioning accounts.

C. Transfers of Lease Interests to Other Lessees or Operating Rights 
Holders

    The proposed rule would update subparts G and H of the Department's 
existing part 556 regulations to clarify that BOEM will not approve the 
transfer of a lease interest, whether a record title interest or an 
operating rights interest, until the transferee complies with all 
applicable regulations and orders, including the financial assurance 
requirements. As discussed above, many of the facilities currently on 
the OCS have decommissioning obligations where the cost of performance 
greatly exceeds the amount of financial assurance currently available 
to the Department of the Interior. To address this problem, BOEM is 
proposing that it may prohibit approval of any new transfer or 
assignment of any lease interest unless and until the financial 
assurance demands have been satisfied.

VI. BOEM Evaluation Methodology

A. Credit Ratings

    In this rulemaking, BOEM proposes to use an ``Issuer credit 
rating'' to evaluate the financial health of OCS lessees, grant 
holders, and guarantors. A review of S&P and Moody's rating 
methodologies showed that the analyses they perform to determine an 
issuer credit rating are wide-ranging and include factors beyond 
corporate financials (such as history, senior management, and commodity 
price outlook). An issuer credit rating provides the rating agencies' 
opinions of the entity's ability to honor senior unsecured debt and 
debt-like obligations. It is common for lessees to have both an issuer 
credit rating and a bond issuance rating. However, bond issuance 
ratings are opinions of the credit quality of a specific debt 
obligation only, which can vary based on the priority of a creditor's 
claim in bankruptcy or the extent to which assets are pledged as 
collateral. Due to the varying priority of claims associated with debt 
and the limited purpose of bond issuance ratings, BOEM proposes to 
accept only issuer credit ratings from a NRSRO, and references to 
credit rating in this rulemaking refer only to an issuer credit rating 
(or a ``proxy rating'' where so noted as appropriate). BOEM proposes to 
add ``Issuer credit rating,'' as defined by S&P, as a newly defined 
term in 30 CFR parts 550 and 556.
    If an entity does not have an issuer credit rating, BOEM proposes 
to permit companies to request the Regional Director to determine a 
proxy credit rating based on audited financial information for the most 
recent fiscal year, including an income statement, a balance sheet, a 
statement of cash flows, and the auditor's certificate. By ``most 
recent fiscal year'' BOEM means a period that includes a 12-month 
period within the 24 months prior to the Regional Director's 
determination for which supplemental financial assurance is required. 
One benefit of this approach is to reduce the adverse effects of the 
rule on small businesses.
    BOEM proposes to use S&P Global's Credit Analytics credit model to 
calculate proxy credit ratings.\13\ However, BOEM proposes to reserve 
the right to use a different model if it determines that a different 
model more accurately reflects those factors relevant to the financial 
evaluation of companies operating on the OCS. The purpose of using S&P 
Global's Credit Analytics credit models is to provide an accurate and 
objective method to assess any given company's probability of default 
on its financial obligations based on its audited financial statements. 
S&P Global's Credit Analytics credit models would allow BOEM to 
reliably score and efficiently model BOEM's potential risk exposure 
from a lessee that could potentially become unable to meet its 
decommissioning obligations. Credit modeling would allow BOEM to 
compare the company with similar public companies in the same industry 
segment. BOEM invites comments on the appropriateness of relying on S&P 
Global's Credit Analytics credit model, or other similar, widely 
accepted credit rating models to generate proxy credit ratings. 
Additionally, BOEM invites comments on the appropriateness of using a 
proxy credit rating when determining the need to provide financial 
assurance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/documents/mi_risk_609827_credit-analytics_brochure_letter_fd.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BOEM's financial assurance program is intended to ensure that 
private companies have the capacity to meet their financial and non-
financial (i.e., performance) obligations. In order to both ensure that 
companies do not ``cause [unmitigated] damage to the environment or to 
property, or endanger life or health,'' 43 U.S.C. 1332(6), and to 
promote ``expeditious and orderly development,'' 43 U.S.C. 1332(3), 
BOEM seeks to balance the financial risk to the government and the 
taxpayer while minimizing regulatory burdens. See also 43 U.S.C. 
1801(7), 1802(1) & (2).
    BOEM has determined that establishing an issuer credit rating 
threshold of BBB- (S&P) or Baa3 (Moody's), an equivalent credit rating 
provided by another SEC-recognized NRSRO, or an equivalent proxy credit 
rating, is the best means for accomplishing these objectives. The 
Moody's Baa3 credit rating is equivalent to the S&P BBB- credit rating. 
If S&P and Moody's provide different ratings for the same company, BOEM 
will use the higher rating as the lessee's rating. As discussed in the 
IRIA, out of the 276 companies analyzed, none of the companies were 
rated at or above BBB-

[[Page 42147]]

at the time of bankruptcy nor within 10 years prior to bankruptcy, 
therefore, BOEM has selected BBB- as the credit rating threshold for 
providing additional financial assurance. Additionally, under the 
proposed rule, BOEM would have adequate time to secure needed financial 
assurance if a company were to drop below the proposed investment grade 
threshold as BOEM monitors company rating changes throughout the year.
    BOEM reviewed historical default rates across the entire credit 
rating spectrum, as well as the credit profile of oil and gas sector 
bankruptcies arising from the commodity price downturn in 2014, to 
determine an appropriate level of risk. As would be expected, the 
average S&P historical one-year default rates increase significantly 
with lower ratings. The average S&P one-year default rate \14\ for BBB- 
rated companies from 1981 to 2020 was 0.24 percent. Comparatively, the 
average one-year default rate for BB- rated companies was 1.21 percent, 
for B- rated companies was 8.73 percent, and for C rated companies was 
24.92 percent. BOEM believes that one-year default rates are an 
appropriate measure of risk, given BOEM's policy of reviewing the 
financial status of lessees, ROW holders, and RUE holders at least on 
an annual basis (the review typically corresponding with the release of 
audited annual financial statements). In addition, throughout the year, 
BOEM monitors company credit rating changes, market reports, trade 
press, articles in major news media and quarterly financial reports to 
review the financial status of lessees, ROW holders, and RUE holders, 
and the regulation would not preclude a demand for supplemental 
financial assurance through the Regional Director's regulatory 
authority at any time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ The one-year default rate represents the percentage of 
companies having any given credit rating that have failed to meet 
their financial obligations during any given twelve-month period. 
For example, for companies having had BBB- rating in 2020, 0.24 
percent defaulted on their financial obligations in the subsequent 
twelve-month period (i.e., approximately one out of every 400 
companies having a BBB- credit rating).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BOEM has identified a circumstance in which the use of a proxy 
credit rating may not adequately account for the potential risk of 
default. This circumstance would occur in a situation where a company 
has a substantial contingent liability for decommissioning OCS 
facilities (i.e., decommissioning exposure by virtue of being a co-
lessee) associated with its minority ownership of such facilities if 
the majority owners are unable or unwilling to meet their obligations. 
This is particularly the case in the OCS context because existing 
Department regulations stipulate that all co-owners of any OCS lease, 
regardless of their ownership share, are jointly and severally liable 
for all the obligations associated with the lease. Contingent 
liabilities that are deemed unlikely to financially materialize are not 
required to be booked as a liability on a balance sheet under Financial 
Accounting Standards Board (FASB) accounting rules for Asset Retirement 
Obligations, so would not be included in audited financial statements, 
and therefore may not be taken into consideration in the generation of 
proxy credit ratings.
    For offshore lessees with a NRSRO issuer credit rating, the current 
average net worth of investment grade lessees is $115 billion dollars, 
with average book assets of $155 billion dollars. This implies that the 
financial risk of non-performance on co-lessee liability exposure from 
these companies is very low. Given that total U.S. offshore liability 
is lower than half the average net worth of offshore investment grade 
companies, such lessees are likely to have the financial capacity to 
cover the contingent liabilities of co-lessees that have not themselves 
provided financial assurance.
    However, where a non-publicly traded company (i.e., a company 
without an issuer credit rating) has substantial minority co-ownership 
interests in OCS leases, the proxy credit rating derived for the 
minority owner may not adequately represent the risk exposure in 
circumstances where (1) The ownership interests of the other co-owners 
are disproportionately large compared to the ownership interest of the 
minority owner, and; (2) The credit ratings of the majority co-owners 
are not investment grade. This possibility is relatively likely due to 
BOEM's historical practice of declining to require supplemental 
financial assurance from any co-lessees who share ownership of a lease 
with any company with an investment grade proxy credit rating, 
regardless of the financial circumstance of the co-owner or the 
relative ownership share of any co-owner.
    In these circumstances, a company may have contingent 
decommissioning liabilities that are not adequately captured in the 
company's financial statements. It may be that such decommissioning 
liabilities amount to a disproportionate share compared to the total 
assets of the company, such that the company may not have the financial 
capacity to satisfy these contingent liabilities. If, for example, a 
small company with a high proxy credit rating were a one percent co-
lessee of a lease with financially weak co-lessees, the small company 
may not have sufficient assets to meet its decommissioning obligations 
for the remaining ninety-nine percent of the decommissioning costs 
(which it may be required to satisfy under the joint-and-several 
liability provisions of the regulations) in the event that its co-
lessees were to default on their financial obligations.
    For this reason, BOEM is proposing to add a new provision to the 
regulations that would authorize BOEM to require a company requesting a 
proxy credit rating to provide information on its ownership of other 
OCS facilities and leases. This new provision authorizes BOEM to take 
the contingent liabilities associated with the company's co-ownership 
of these assets into consideration in determining the appropriate proxy 
credit rating.
    BOEM invites comments on the appropriateness of this approach of 
relying on lessee and grant holder credit ratings, including whether 
BOEM has proposed an appropriate credit rating threshold of BBB-, and 
if not, what threshold or set of thresholds would best protect taxpayer 
interests while not imposing undue burdens on industry. Also, BOEM 
invites comments on alternative options for determining the need for 
financial assurance other than credit ratings. Additionally, BOEM 
invites comments on whether financial assurance should be required of 
all companies, regardless of credit rating, and the impacts such a 
requirement might have on OCS investment and on potential taxpayer 
liabilities.

B. Valuing Proved Oil and Gas Reserves

    Under this proposed rule, if BOEM considers the proved reserves on 
a particular lease when determining whether supplemental financial 
assurance is required, BOEM would require the lessee to submit a 
reserve report for the proved oil and gas reserves (as defined by the 
SEC regulations at 17 CFR 210.4-10(a)(22)) located on a given lease. 
The reserve report provided to BOEM would contain the projected future 
production quantities of proved oil and gas reserves on a per lease 
basis, the production cost for those reserves also on a per lease 
basis, and the discounted future cash flows from production. The 
reserve report would also provide the value of the proved oil and gas 
reserves per lease, determined under the accounting and reporting 
standards set forth in SEC Regulation S-X at 17 CFR 210.4-10 and SEC 
Regulation S-K at 17 CFR, subpart

[[Page 42148]]

229.1200.\15\ BOEM proposes to use SEC regulations on reserve reporting 
because they are commonly accepted and understood by offshore oil and 
gas companies and are already produced by publicly traded companies. 
This also allows BOEM to rely on the established SEC regulations on the 
definitions, qualifications, and requirements for proven reserves, 
rather than attempting to recreate these regulations. BOEM would use 
this proved oil and gas reserves per-lease value when determining 
whether the value of the reserves on any given lease exceeds three 
times the cost of the P70 decommissioning estimate associated with the 
production of those reserves.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ Unlike this proposed regulation, the SEC regulations at 17 
CFR 229.1202(a)(2) say: ``Disclose, in the aggregate and by 
geographic area and for each country containing 15 percent or more 
of the registrant's proved reserves, expressed on an oil-equivalent-
barrels basis, reserves estimated . . . .'' Although BOEM would 
require that lessees apply the methodology of the SEC, it would 
require the analysis on a lease-specific basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BOEM believes that a property with a sufficient ``reserves-to-
decommissioning cost'' ratio would likely be purchased by another 
company if a current lessee defaults on its obligations, thereby 
reducing the risk that decommissioning costs would be borne by the 
government, and consequently reducing the need for supplemental 
financial assurance.
    A reserves-to-decommissioning cost ratio of one-to-one would mean 
that the estimated value of remaining oil and gas reserves on a lease 
is equal to the cost of decommissioning. BOEM does not expect any other 
company to purchase a lease interest with a ratio of one-to-one, as the 
new lessee would not receive any return on its investment once it bears 
the cost of decommissioning. A reserves-to-decommissioning cost ratio 
below three-to-one might be considered adequate to encourage a new 
lessee to take on the cost of purchasing the lease and assuming 
liability for all of the existing decommissioning obligations, however 
there may be other factors that would reduce the lease's commercial 
appeal (e.g., macro-economic conditions, maintenance conditions, or 
higher than typical operating costs).
    In BOEM's judgment, a reserves-to-decommissioning cost ratio that 
meets or exceeds three-to-one provides enough risk reduction to justify 
a Regional Director determination that the lessee is not required to 
provide supplemental financial assurance for that lease. Establishing 
an appropriate reserves-to-decommissioning cost ratio protects the 
taxpayer during periods of commodity price volatility. If commodity 
prices decline in a manner similar to late 2014 through early 2016, for 
example, BOEM believes a ratio of at least three-to-one assures the 
property would most likely retain its economic viability and financial 
attractiveness to potential buyers. BOEM requests comment on whether 
this is an appropriate threshold, or if there are better approaches 
and/or data sets available for analysis that would provide BOEM with 
better certainty that taxpayer interests will ultimately be protected.

VII. Phased Compliance With Supplemental Financial Assurance Orders

    BOEM recognizes that the proposed regulations may have a 
significant financial impact on affected companies. For that reason, 
BOEM is proposing to phase in the new bonding requirements over a 
three-year period for existing leaseholders. As part of this proposal, 
BOEM would require that any company receiving a supplemental financial 
assurance demand post one-third of the total amount by the deadline 
listed on the demand letter. A second one-third would be required by 
the end of the second year (i.e., within 24 months of the receipt of 
the demand letter). The final one-third payment would be due within 36 
months of the receipt of the demand letter. If a lessee's credit rating 
improves to investment grade during the three-year period, BOEM will 
discontinue collection of the remaining financial assurance and return 
any supplemental financial assurance previously provided.
    BOEM is requesting comments from potentially affected parties about 
this phased approach and how it could most effectively be implemented 
to minimize any unnecessarily adverse effects from an increased 
supplemental financial assurance requirement.

VIII. Appeals Bonds

    When BOEM issues a supplemental financial assurance demand, the 
affected party has the option to appeal the demand to the Department of 
the Interior's Board of Land Appeals (IBLA). In many cases in which an 
appeal is filed, it is accompanied by a request to stay BOEM's 
supplemental financial assurance order pending the outcome of the 
appeal. Currently, if the stay is granted, BOEM has no ability to 
ensure that a facility is covered by adequate financial assurance until 
the appeal is decided. It is important that BOEM ensure that the 
government's interests are protected immediately because IBLA appeals 
may continue for several years. If the company appealing the 
supplemental financial assurance demand declares bankruptcy before its 
appeal is resolved, BOEM has no financial assurance to cover the costs 
of corrective action. For this reason, BOEM is proposing a new 
requirement whereby any company seeking to stay a supplemental 
financial assurance demand pending appeal must, as a condition of 
obtaining a stay of the order, post an appeals bond in the amount of 
supplemental financial assurance required. If the appeal is successful, 
the amount of the appeals bond in excess of the amount of supplemental 
financial assurance determined to be required would be released. If the 
appeal is unsuccessful, the appeals bond could be replaced or converted 
into bonds to cover the supplemental financial assurance demand.

IX. Proposed Revisions to BOEM Definitions

    To implement the changes proposed above, BOEM proposes to add or 
revise several definitions in 30 CFR parts 550 and 556. For proposed 30 
CFR part 550, BOEM proposes to add new terms and definitions for 
``Issuer credit rating,'' ``Investment grade credit rating,'' and 
``Financial assurance,'' and to revise the definition of ``You.'' BOEM 
proposes to add a new term and definition for ``Right-of-Use and 
Easement (RUE)'' and remove the separate definitions of ``Right-of-
use'' and ``Easement'' in 30 CFR part 550 because those terms are not 
used separately in the existing or proposed regulatory text. Similarly, 
for 30 CFR part 556, BOEM proposes to add definitions for the new term 
``Issuer credit rating'' and ``Investment grade credit rating,'' remove 
the existing term and definition of ``Security or securities,'' add a 
new term and definition for ``Financial assurance,'' and revise the 
definitions of ``Right-of-Use and Easement (RUE)'' and ``You,'' all of 
which will match those in proposed 30 CFR part 550.
    Additionally, BOEM is replacing the word ``sulphur'' with the more 
contemporary spelling of ``sulfur'' throughout the regulatory text 
where it has not been previously changed. This edit is a technical 
correction and does not change any meaning or intent of the regulatory 
provisions. BOEM proposes updating the word ``sulfur'' in Sec. Sec.  
550.101, 550.102, and 550.105.

X. Section-by-Section Analysis

    BOEM is proposing to revise the following regulations:

[[Page 42149]]

Part 550--Oil and Gas and Sulfur Operations in the Outer Continental 
Shelf

    The terms ``bond,'' ``bonding,'' ``surety bond,'' ``security,'' and 
``securities'' would be replaced throughout this part with the new term 
``financial assurance.''
Subpart A--General
Section 550.105 Definitions
    The proposed rule would add a definition of ``Issuer credit 
rating,'' which is a newly defined term in 30 CFR part 550, for the 
reasons set forth above.
    BOEM would remove the terms ``Easement,'' and ``Right-of-use,'' 
neither of which is used separately. In lieu of these two terms, and to 
define the term actually used in 30 CFR part 550, BOEM would add a 
definition for ``Right-of-Use and Easement (RUE).''
    This proposed rule would also add a new term and definition for 
``Financial assurance'' to list the various methods that may be used to 
ensure compliance with OCS obligations.
    The proposed rule would add new definitions for the terms 
``Transfer'' and ``Assign'' to clarify that these terms are used 
interchangeably throughout 30 CFR part 550. This change would also 
serve to clarify that the related terms ``transferee'' and 
``transferor'' are interchangeable with ``assignee'' and ``assignor'' 
respectively.
    The proposed rule would add a new definition for the term 
``Investment grade credit rating,'' meaning ``an issuer credit rating 
of BBB- or higher, or its equivalent, assigned to an issuer of 
corporate debt by a nationally recognized statistical rating 
organization as that term defined by the United States Securities and 
Exchange Commission.'' This definition would become the threshold 
determination according to which BOEM would define whether financial 
assurance typically would or would not be required.
    BOEM would also revise the definition of the term ``You'' to now 
include, depending on the context of the regulations, a bidder, a 
lessee (record title owner), a sublessee (operating rights owner), a 
Federal or State right-of-use and easement grant holder, a pipeline 
right-of-way grant holder, an assignor or transferor, a designated 
operator or agent of the lessee or grant holder, or an applicant 
seeking to become one of the above. This change to the definition of 
``You'' would, in concert with changes proposed in Sec.  550.166, make 
explicit that any financial assurance provisions applicable to either a 
State or Federal RUE would apply to the other.
Section 550.160 When will BOEM grant me a right-of-use and easement 
(RUE), and what requirements must I meet?
    The proposed rule would revise the introductory text of this 
section to clarify that a RUE grant need not cover both leased and 
unleased lands. Instead, BOEM may grant a RUE on leased lands (i.e., 
leased to another party), or unleased lands, or both. The paragraph (a) 
introductory text would be expanded to include additional activities 
associated with a RUE, such as using or modifying existing devices. The 
paragraph (a) introductory text would also be expanded to include the 
words ``seafloor production equipment'' and ``facilities.'' By 
expanding the RUE requirement to additional activities and devices, 
BOEM would ensure that all associated activities that may have an 
impact on the environment of the OCS are included.
    BOEM also proposes to revise paragraph (b) to provide that a RUE 
grant holder must exercise the grant according to the terms of the 
grant and the applicable regulations of 30 CFR part 550, as well as the 
requirements of 30 CFR part 250, subpart Q.
    BOEM also proposes to revise paragraph (c) to update the cross-
reference to BOEM's lessee qualification requirements, Sec. Sec.  
556.400 through 556.402, and to replace the language in this paragraph 
referencing ``bonding requirements'' with a cross reference to Sec.  
550.166, which BOEM also proposes to revise to add specific criteria 
for financial assurance demands, as provided below.
Section 550.166 If BOEM grants me a RUE, what financial assurance must 
I provide?
    The proposed rule would revise the section heading by removing the 
reference to ``a State lease'' and replacing ``surety bond'' with 
``financial assurance.'' This reflects the change in the text of 
paragraph (b) of this section that provides that the financial 
assurance requirements of this section would apply to both a RUE 
granted to serve a State lease and one serving an OCS lease. The term 
``surety bond'' would also be replaced with ``financial assurance'' 
throughout the section.
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (a) to require $500,000 in 
financial assurance that guarantees compliance with the terms and 
conditions of any OCS RUEs you hold. Previously, paragraph (a) only 
required $500,000 in financial assurance for RUEs associated with State 
leases.
    BOEM proposes to add paragraph (a)(1) to allow area-wide lease 
financial assurance to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (a), 
provided it is in excess of the $500,000 base RUE financial assurance 
requirement and is amended to guarantee compliance with all the terms 
and conditions of the RUE(s) it covers.
    BOEM proposes to add paragraph (a)(2) to allow the Regional 
Director to lower the required financial assurance amount for research 
and other similar types of RUEs, which reflects BOEM's past experience 
that the total liability exposure can be well below $500,000 for such 
RUEs.
    BOEM proposes to add paragraph (a)(3) to ensure that the financial 
assurance requirements of Sec.  556.900(d) through (g) and Sec.  
556.902 would apply to the requirements stated in paragraph (a).
    BOEM would also add to paragraph (b) in this section to provide 
that, if BOEM grants a RUE that serves either an OCS lease or a State 
lease, the Regional Director may require the grant holder to provide 
supplemental financial assurance to ensure compliance with the 
obligations under the RUE grant. BOEM would use the same issuer credit 
rating or proxy credit rating criteria found in proposed Sec.  
556.901(d)(1) and (2) to evaluate a RUE grant holder as BOEM proposes 
to apply to lessees, i.e., the Regional Director may require 
supplemental financial assurance if the grant holder does not have an 
issuer credit rating or a proxy credit rating that meets the criteria 
set forth in proposed Sec.  556.901(d)(1). Like lessees, most RUE 
holders are oil and gas companies, and BOEM would, therefore, use the 
same financial criteria to determine the need for additional financial 
assurance from RUE holders to provide consistency.
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (b)(1) to update the regulatory 
citation in existing Sec.  550.166(b)(1) to provide that the 
supplemental financial assurance must meet the requirements for lease 
surety bonds or other financial assurance provided in Sec.  556.900(d) 
through (g) and Sec.  556.902.
    The proposed rule would also revise Sec.  550.166(b)(2) to include 
``BOEM and BSEE orders'' in the list of costs and liabilities, and 
clarify that RUE holders should also comply with the decommissioning 
regulations at 30 CFR part 250, subpart Q.
    The proposed rule would also add new paragraph (c) to provide that 
if a RUE grant holder fails to replace any deficient financial 
assurance upon demand, or fails to provide

[[Page 42150]]

supplemental financial assurance upon demand, BOEM may assess 
penalties, request BSEE to suspend operations on the RUE, and/or 
initiate action for cancellation of the RUE grant. Proposed paragraph 
(c) provides for actions similar to those available to BOEM pursuant to 
proposed Sec.  556.900(h) if a lessee fails to provide sufficient 
financial assurance.
Section 550.167 How may I obtain or assign my interest in a RUE?
    The proposed rule would add Sec.  550.167 to establish the ability 
to assign a RUE interest. Previously, RUE interests were not assigned, 
because assignment of RUE interests was not addressed in the existing 
regulations. This change is being proposed to allow RUE assignments. 
This new section would also require a RUE assignee to provide the 
information outlined in existing Sec.  550.161, which currently must be 
provided only by applicants for a new RUE. Paragraph (a) of Sec.  
550.167 would establish that BOEM must approve all assignments of all 
or part of a RUE interest. Paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) would 
establish the circumstances in which BOEM may disapprove an assignment 
of a RUE, mirroring the circumstances under which BOEM may disapprove 
the assignment of a lease or sublease pursuant to Sec.  556.704. These 
circumstances are intended to prevent the assignment of a RUE when, for 
example, the assignment would result in inadequate financial assurance.
Subpart J--Pipelines and Pipeline Rights-of-Way
Section 550.1011 Financial Assurance Requirements for Pipeline Right-
of-Way (ROW) Grant Holders
    The proposed rule would revise this section in its entirety. The 
section heading would be revised to read, ``Financial assurance 
requirements for pipeline right-of-way (ROW) grant holders,'' to 
clarify that a pipeline ROW grant holder may meet the requirements of 
this section by providing bonds or other types of financial assurance, 
in order to expand the language to include forms of financial assurance 
in addition to bonds.
    Currently, Sec.  550.1011(a) requires that an applicant or a holder 
of a ROW must provide and maintain a $300,000 bond (in addition to bond 
coverage required in 30 CFR parts 256 and 556), and potentially 
additional security, if the Regional Director determines the latter is 
needed. The proposed rule would revise this paragraph to require that 
assignees, as well as applicants and holders, are required to provide 
and maintain the $300,000 financial assurance to make clear that 
financial assurance requirements would apply to an assignment of a ROW 
grant. The proposed rule would remove the reference to 30 CFR part 256 
currently in paragraph (a)(1) because 30 CFR part 256 does not contain 
pipeline bonding requirements. The proposed rule would clarify that the 
requirement to provide area-wide financial assurance for a pipeline ROW 
grant is separate and distinct from the financial assurance coverage 
required for leases in 30 CFR part 556 and that required for RUEs in 30 
CFR part 550. Existing paragraph (a)(2) would be removed because 
supplemental financial assurance requirements would be covered by 
proposed paragraph (d).
    BOEM would also remove existing paragraph (b), which defines the 
three recognized OCS areas, because it is made redundant by the 
reference to Sec.  556.900(b) in revised paragraph (a). BOEM proposes 
to replace the removed paragraph (b) with a new paragraph (b) to 
provide that the requirement under paragraph (a) to furnish and 
maintain area-wide financial assurance may be satisfied if the operator 
or a co-grant holder provides area-wide pipeline right-of-way financial 
assurance in the required amount that guarantees compliance with the 
regulations and the terms and conditions of the grant, as discussed in 
Section IV.C of this preamble.
    BOEM also proposes to revise paragraph (c) with a provision stating 
that the requirements for lease financial assurance in Sec.  556.900(d) 
through (g) and Sec.  556.902 would apply to the area-wide financial 
assurance required in paragraph (a) of this section. This cross-
reference incorporates the financial assurance provisions from 30 CFR 
part 556 that specify the required content, form, and administrative 
handling of financial assurance. BOEM would remove existing paragraphs 
(c) and (d), which would be made redundant by proposed new paragraph 
(f).
    BOEM would add paragraph (d) to provide that the Regional Director 
may determine that supplemental financial assurance is necessary to 
ensure compliance with the obligations under a pipeline ROW grant based 
on an evaluation of the grant holder's ability to carry out present and 
future obligations on the pipeline ROW. BOEM proposes to use the same 
issuer credit rating or proxy credit rating criteria to evaluate a 
pipeline ROW grant holder, or co-grant holder, as BOEM proposes to 
apply to lessees in Sec.  556.901(d)(1). BOEM, as noted earlier in this 
preamble, has found that reliance on credit ratings better evaluates 
financial stability, and is thus applying the same financial criteria 
in evaluating financial stability of grant holders.
    BOEM also proposes to add additional supplemental financial 
assurance requirements in new paragraph (e)(1) stating that the 
supplemental financial assurance must meet the general requirements for 
lease surety bonds or other financial assurance, as provided in Sec.  
556.900(d) through (f) and the proposed revisions to paragraph (g) and 
Sec.  556.902. This cross-reference incorporates the financial 
assurance provisions from 30 CFR part 556 that specify the required 
content, form, and administrative handling of financial assurance. New 
paragraph (e)(2) proposes that any supplemental financial assurance for 
a pipeline ROW would be required to cover liabilities for regulatory 
compliance and compliance with BOEM and BSEE orders, decommissioning of 
all pipelines or other facilities, and clearance from the seafloor of 
all obstructions created by the pipeline ROW operations, in accordance 
with the regulations set forth in 30 CFR part 250, subpart Q. See 
Section IV.C of this preamble for further discussion.
    The proposed rule would also add new paragraph (f) to provide that 
if a pipeline ROW grant holder fails to replace any deficient financial 
assurance upon demand or fails to provide supplemental financial 
assurance upon demand, the Regional Director may assess penalties, 
request BSEE to suspend operations on the pipeline ROW, and/or initiate 
action for forfeiture of the pipeline ROW grant in accordance with 
Sec.  250.1013.

Part 556--Leasing of Sulfur or Oil and Gas and Bonding Requirements in 
the Outer Continental Shelf

    The proposed rule would make a technical correction to the 
authority citation for part 556 by removing the citation to 43 U.S.C. 
1801-1802, because neither of these two sections contains authority 
allowing BOEM to issue or amend regulations.
    The proposed rule would also remove the citation to 43 U.S.C. 1331 
note, which is where the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 is 
set forth. While this statute required BOEM to issue regulations 
concerning the availability of bonus or royalty credits for exchanging 
eligible leases, the deadline for applying for such a bonus or royalty 
credit was October 14, 2010; therefore, lessees may no longer apply for 
such credits. BOEM no longer needs the authority to issue regulations 
under

[[Page 42151]]

that statute and has removed all regulations on this topic from 30 CFR 
part 556, except for Sec.  556.1000, which provides that lessees may no 
longer apply for such credits.
    The terms ``bond,'' ``bonding,'' and ``surety bond'' would be 
replaced throughout this part with the new term ``financial 
assurance,'' as discussed earlier in this preamble. This change 
includes changing the Title of Part 556 from ``Leasing of Sulphur or 
Oil and Gas and Bonding Requirements in the Outer Continental Shelf'' 
to ``Leasing of Sulfur or Oil and Gas and Financial Assurance 
Requirements in the Outer Continental Shelf.''
Subpart A--General Provisions
Section 556.105 Acronyms and Definitions
    The proposed rule would add a definition of ``Issuer credit 
rating'' and ``Investment grade credit rating,'' which are identical to 
the proposed additions in Sec.  550.105.
    The proposed rule would also revise the definition of ``Right-of-
Use and Easement (RUE)'' to include the words ``to construct, secure to 
the seafloor, use, modify, or maintain platforms, seafloor production 
equipment.'' This definition would be the same as the definition of 
``Right-of-Use and Easement (RUE)'' proposed for Sec.  550.105.
    The proposed rule would also add a definition for ``Financial 
assurance'' to clarify that various methods can be used to ensure 
compliance with OCS obligations. This definition would be the same as 
the definition of ``Financial assurance'' proposed for Sec.  550.105.
    The proposed rule would add definitions for the new terms 
``Transfer'' and ``Assign'' to clarify that that these terms are used 
interchangeably throughout 30 CFR part 556. This change would also 
serve to clarify that the related terms ``transferee'' and 
``transferor'' are interchangeable with ``assignee'' and ``assignor,'' 
respectively.
    The proposed rule would also revise the definition of the term 
``You'' to include, depending on the context of the regulations, a 
bidder, a lessee (record title owner), a sublessee (operating rights 
owner), a Federal or State right-of-use and easement grant holder, a 
pipeline right-of-way grant holder, assignor or transferor, a 
designated operator or agent of the lessee or grant holder, or an 
applicant seeking to become one of the above. This change to the 
definition of ``You,'' in concert with changes proposed in Sec.  
550.166, would make explicit that any provisions applicable to either a 
State or Federal RUE would apply to the other, and that any 
distinctions between the two with respect to financial assurance are 
being removed. This change is in concert with changes proposed in Sec.  
550.105.
Subpart G--Transferring All or Part of the Record Title Interest in a 
Lease
Section 556.704 When may BOEM disapprove an assignment or sublease of 
an interest in my lease?
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (a) to clearly state that 
all parties involved in the assignment of a record title interest in a 
lease must be in compliance with all applicable regulations and orders, 
including financial assurance requirements, or BOEM may disapprove an 
assignment or sublease, consistent with changes to 30 CFR part 550 
proposed in this rulemaking. The proposed rule would replace the word 
``would'' in the section title with ``may'' to better reflect this 
discretion.
Subpart H--Transferring All or Part of the Operating Rights in a Lease
Section 556.802 When may BOEM disapprove the transfer of all or part of 
my operating rights interest?
    The proposed rule would revise the existing section heading to 
replace ``assignment'' with ``transfer'' consistent with the new 
definitions proposed for both terms. The proposed rule would revise 
paragraph (a) to clearly state that for the transferee to receive 
approval for the transfer of operating rights in a lease, the 
transferee must be in compliance with all applicable regulations and 
orders to provide financial assurance requirements before BOEM may 
approve an assignment, consistent with changes to 30 CFR part 550 
proposed in this rulemaking. The proposed rule would replace the word 
``would'' in the section title with ``may'' to better reflect this 
discretion.
Subpart I--Bonding or Other Financial Assurance
Section 556.900 Financial Assurance Requirements for an Oil and Gas or 
Sulfur Lease
    The proposed rule would revise the section heading to read, 
``Financial assurance requirements for an oil and gas or sulfur lease'' 
in order to ensure that the term ``bonding'' has been consistently 
replaced with ``financial assurance'' and to clarify that a number of 
forms of financial assurance can be provided, and not just surety 
bonds, consistent with changes to 30 CFR part 550 proposed in this 
rulemaking.
    BOEM proposes to add paragraph (a)(4) to make clear that any 
supplemental financial assurance required by the Regional Director must 
be provided before a new lease will be issued or an assignment of a 
lease approved.
    The proposed rule would also revise the introductory text of 
paragraph (g) to replace the word ``security'' with ``financial 
assurance,'' and to add the word ``surety'' before ``bond'' in two 
places to clarify that in those cases the regulation is referring to a 
``surety bond.''
    The proposed rule would revise the introductory text of paragraph 
(h) to replace the words ``bond coverage'' with ``financial assurance'' 
to clarify that surety bonds are not the only means of meeting the 
requirement. The proposed rule would also revise paragraph (h)(2) in 
recognition that BSEE, rather than BOEM, is the agency with authority 
to suspend production or other operations on a lease.
    The proposed rule would add paragraph (i) to ensure consistency 
with the RUE financial assurance requirements by providing that area-
wide lease surety bonds pledged to satisfy the financial assurance 
requirements for RUEs may be called in for performance of obligations 
on which the holder of a RUE defaults.
Section 556.901 Base Financial Assurance and Supplemental Financial 
Assurance
    The proposed rule would revise the section heading to read, ``Base 
financial assurance and supplemental financial assurance,'' because 
this section covers both base financial assurance and supplemental 
financial assurance requirements.
Section 556.901(a)
    The proposed rule would also revise paragraph (a)(1)(i) 
introductory text to replace the word ``bond'' with ``lease exploration 
financial assurance'' to be consistent with the terminology used in 
existing paragraph (a)(1)(ii), which BOEM does not propose to change.
Section 556.901(b)
    The proposed rule would eliminate the parenthetical ``(the 
lessee)'' from the introductory text as it is made redundant by the 
proposed revised definition of ``You.'' The proposed rule would also 
revise paragraph (b)(1)(i) introductory text to replace the word 
``bond'' with ``lease development financial assurance'' for consistency 
with the terminology used in existing paragraph (b)(1)(ii), which BOEM 
does not propose to change.

[[Page 42152]]

Section 556.901(c)
    The proposed rule would also revise paragraph (c) to remove the 
words ``authorized officer'' and replace them with ``Regional 
Director,'' and remove the words ``lease bond coverage'' and ``a lease 
surety bond'' and replace them in each instance with ``financial 
assurance'' to clarify that the Regional Director can review whether 
BOEM would be adequately secured by a surety bond, or another type of 
financial assurance, for an amount less than the amount proposed in 
paragraph (b)(1), but not less than the estimated cost for 
decommissioning.
Section 556.901(d)
    BOEM proposes to combine the provisions of the existing paragraph 
(d) introductory text and the existing introductory paragraph (d)(1) to 
provide that the Regional Director may determine that supplemental 
financial assurance is required to ensure compliance with the 
obligations under a lease if the lessee does not meet at least one of 
the criteria provided in proposed paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) below. 
For further discussion, see Section V of this preamble.
Section 556.901(d)(1)
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (d)(1) to set forth the criteria 
BOEM would use to evaluate the ability of a lessee to carry out present 
and future obligations. Under this paragraph, BOEM would use an issuer 
credit rating from a NRSRO, as defined by the SEC, greater than or 
equal to either BBB- from Standard & Poor's (S&P) Ratings Service or 
Baa3 from Moody's Investor Service, or the equivalent from another 
NRSRO. If different NRSROs provide different ratings for the same 
company, BOEM would apply the higher rating, as discussed in section 
IV.A of this preamble.
Section 556.901(d)(2)
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (d)(2) stating that BOEM could 
also use a proxy credit rating calculated by BOEM based on audited 
financial information from the most recent fiscal year (including an 
income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and the 
auditor's certificate) greater than or equal to either BBB- from S&Ps 
Ratings Service or Ba3 from Moody's Investor Service, or their 
equivalent from another NRSRO. The proxy credit ratings that BOEM would 
calculate on behalf of lessees would be structured in the same scale as 
the standard ratings (i.e., AAA to D). The audited financial 
information from the most recent fiscal year that BOEM used to 
determine the proxy credit rating must include a twelve-month period 
within the twenty-four months prior to the lessee's receipt of the 
Regional Director's determination that the lessee must provide 
supplemental financial assurance. When determining a proxy credit 
rating, the Regional Director will consider any additional liabilities 
that may encumber a lessee's ability to carry out future obligations. 
Under the proposed rule, the lessee would be obligated to provide the 
Regional Director with information regarding its joint-ownership 
interests and other liabilities associated with OCS leases, which might 
not otherwise be accounted for in the audited financial information 
provided to BOEM.
Section 556.901(d)(3)
    BOEM proposes to add new paragraph (d)(3) to address the situation 
where the lessee does not meet the criteria in proposed paragraphs 
(d)(1) or (2), but one or more co-lessee(s) does meet those criteria. 
The Regional Director may require a lessee to provide supplemental 
financial assurance on a lease-by-lease basis if no co-lessee has an 
issuer credit rating or proxy credit rating that meets the threshold 
set forth in paragraphs (d)(1) or (2), as discussed in Section IV.A of 
this preamble.
Section 556.901(d)(4)
    BOEM proposes to add new paragraph (d)(4) to set forth the 
criterion the Regional Director would use if the lessee does not meet 
the criteria in proposed paragraphs (d)(1), (2), or (3). In this 
instance, the Regional Director would assess each lease to determine 
whether the value of the proved oil and gas reserves on the lease 
exceed three times the estimated cost of the decommissioning associated 
with the production of those reserves. Under paragraph (d)(4), the 
Regional Director's assessment would be based on the evaluation of 
proved oil and gas reserves following the methodology set forth in SEC 
Regulation S-X at 17 CFR 210.4-10 and SEC Regulation S-K at 17 CFR 
229.1200. BOEM also proposes new paragraphs (d)(4)(i) and (ii), which 
state that, when implementing this criterion, BOEM will use 
decommissioning cost estimates, including a BSEE-generated 
probabilistic estimate at the P70 level, when available, or, if such 
estimate is not available, BOEM will use the BSEE-generated 
deterministic estimate.
Section 556.901(e)
    BOEM proposes to redesignate existing paragraph (d)(2) as paragraph 
(e) and revise it to provide that a lessee may satisfy the Regional 
Director's demand for supplemental financial assurance either by 
increasing the amount of its existing financial assurance or by 
providing additional surety bonds or other types of acceptable 
financial assurance.
Section 556.901(f)
    BOEM proposes to redesignate existing paragraph (e) as paragraph 
(f) and revise to remove the word ``bond'' and replace it with 
``supplemental financial assurance,'' a term that includes a surety 
bond or another type of financial assurance. BOEM also proposes to 
modify the language of new paragraph (f) to establish that, in 
determining the amount of supplemental financial assurance, the 
Regional Director will consider the lessee's potential underpayment of 
royalty and the cumulative decommissioning obligations as established 
in the manner described in proposed paragraph (d)(3) of this section, 
i.e., the use of the appropriate BSEE estimate.
Section 556.901(g)
    BOEM proposes to redesignate existing paragraph (f) as new 
paragraph (g) and revise it to replace the word ``security'' with 
``financial assurance'' throughout.
    Existing 30 CFR 556.901(f)(2) includes a statement to the effect 
that, if a company requests a reduction of the amount of the original 
bond required, the Regional Director may agree to such a reduction 
provided that he or she finds that ``the evidence you submit is 
convincing.'' BOEM proposes to replace the current regulatory text with 
the following statement in new paragraph (g)(2): ``Upon review of your 
submission, the Regional Director may reduce the amount of financial 
assurance required,'' as discussed in Section IV of this preamble.
Section 556.901(h)
    BOEM proposes to add a new paragraph (h) to describe the limited 
opportunity lessees will have to provide the required supplemental 
financial assurance in three phased installments during the first three 
years after the effective date of this regulation, subject to the 
conditions of proposed paragraphs (h)(1) and (2). A three-year approach 
would allow companies to raise the relevant capital through operations 
over a longer period of time, as discussed in section VII of this 
preamble. Accordingly, it would reduce bankruptcy risk and ensure a 
greater level of financial protection for the government and taxpayers.
    BOEM proposes to add new paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) to

[[Page 42153]]

establish the timing and amounts of phased supplemental financial 
assurance that would need to be provided. Payments would be required in 
three installments of one-third that of the demand, the first of which 
would be required within the timeframe specified in the demand letter, 
or within 60 calendar days of receiving the demand letter if no 
timeframe is specified. The second one-third would be required within 
24 months from the date of receipt of the original demand letter, and 
the final payment would be due within 36 months from the date of the 
receipt of the original demand letter.
    BOEM proposes to add a new paragraph (h)(2) to establish a 
procedure in case a demand that has been approved for phased compliance 
is not met within the timeframes established by paragraphs (h)(1)(i) 
through (iii). If a payment is missed, the Regional Director will 
notify the party of the failure to meet the timeframe and that it will 
no longer be eligible to meet the supplemental financial assurance 
demand by using the phased compliance option set forth in proposed 
paragraph (h). Moreover, the remaining balance of the demand would 
become due ten calendar days after the Regional Director's notification 
is received.
Section 556.902 General Requirements for Bonds or Other Financial 
Assurance
    The proposed rule would revise the section heading to read, 
``General requirements for bonds or other financial assurance,'' to 
recognize that other types of financial assurance, such as a dual-
obligee bond or a pledge of Treasury securities, may be provided under 
30 CFR part 556.
    These revisions propose that the same general requirements for 
surety bonds provided by lessees, operating rights owners, or operators 
of leases, also apply to surety bonds provided by RUE grant and 
pipeline ROW grant holders. The proposed rule would therefore also 
revise paragraph (a) to include ``grant holder'' and to cover surety 
bonds provided under 30 CFR part 550. The requirements of this section 
are those that apply broadly to all companies having to provide 
financial assurance to BOEM for an OCS oil and gas or sulfur lease. 
Additional requirements appliable specifically to RUEs and ROWs are 
described in proposed Sec. Sec.  550.166 and 550.1011, respectively.
    The proposed rule would add ``or grant'' after ``lease'' to clarify 
the change to include grant holders in paragraph (a)(2). The rulemaking 
would also add compliance with ``all BOEM and BSEE orders'' as a 
requirement to ensure that providers of financial assurance are aware 
that such financial assurance guarantees compliance with BOEM and BSEE 
orders as well as with the regulations and the terms of a lease, ROW, 
or RUE. This addition is necessary because a requirement to provide 
supplemental financial assurance arises from a BOEM order. ``BOEM and 
BSEE orders'' would mean any order issued by the relevant bureau, such 
as a BSEE order to decommission, or a BOEM order to provide 
supplemental bond.
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (a)(3) to include the 
obligations of all record title owners, operating rights owners, and 
operators on the lease.
    The proposed rule would also revise paragraph (e)(2) to clarify 
that the use of Treasury securities as financial assurance requires a 
pledge of Treasury securities, as provided in Sec.  556.900(f).
    The proposed rule would add a new paragraph (g) to recognize the 
option to seek an informal resolution of a surety bond demand pursuant 
to 30 CFR 590.6, which contains information regarding informal 
resolutions. This paragraph would further provide that a request for an 
informal resolution of a dispute concerning the Regional Director's 
decision to require supplemental financial assurance will not affect 
the applicant's ability to request a phased payment of its supplemental 
financial assurance demand under proposed Sec.  556.901(h).
    The proposed rule would add a new paragraph (h) to address risks 
arising in connection with the lessee's and grant holder's ability to 
appeal a demand for supplemental financial assurance to the Interior 
Board of Land Appeals (IBLA) pursuant to the regulations in 30 CFR part 
590. The proposed rule would add an additional requirement to the IBLA 
appeals process whereby, if an appellant requests that the IBLA stay 
the supplemental financial assurance demand, the appellant would be 
required to post an appeals surety bond equal to the amount of 
supplemental financial assurance that the appellant seeks to stay 
before any stay could go into effect. Because IBLA appeals may continue 
for several years, it is important that BOEM ensure that the 
government's interests are protected. The appeals surety bond 
requirement would prevent the government from being left with no 
security if the appellant filed bankruptcy before the appeal process 
ended.
Section 556.903 Lapse of Financial Assurance
    The proposed rule would replace the word ``bond'' in the section 
title with ``financial assurance'' for consistency with the terminology 
change made throughout the rulemaking. The proposed rule would revise 
paragraph (a) to add after the word ``surety'', ``guarantor, or the 
financial institution holding or providing your financial assurance'' 
and to include references to the financial assurance requirements for 
RUE grants (Sec.  550.166) and pipeline ROW grants (Sec.  550.1011). 
The proposed rule would also revise paragraph (a) by removing the words 
``terminates immediately'' and substituting ``must be replaced.'' The 
proposed rule would replace the word ``promptly'' with a specific 
timeline of within seven calendar days of learning of a negative event 
for the financial assurance provider and would also add a 30-calendar 
day timeframe in which the party must provide other financial assurance 
from a different financial assurance provider.
    BOEM also proposes to revise the first sentence of paragraph (b) by 
inserting ``or financial institution'' after ``guarantor,'' to make the 
provision apply to all types of financial assurance providers, 
including those offering decommissioning accounts. BOEM also proposes 
to revise the second sentence of paragraph (b) for consistency in 
terminology by inserting the words ``or other financial assurance'' 
after the word ``bonds'' and inserting the words ``guarantor, or 
financial institution'' after the word ``surety'', so that all surety 
bonds or other financial assurance instruments must require all 
financial assurance providers to notify the Regional Director within 72 
hours of learning of an action filed alleging that the lessee or grant 
holder, or their financial assurance provider, is insolvent or 
bankrupt.
Section 556.904 Decommissioning Accounts
    The proposed rule would revise the section heading and the term 
``abandonment accounts'' throughout the section to read 
``decommissioning accounts,'' in accordance with BOEM policy and 
accepted terminology used in the industry. The words ``lease-specific'' 
would be removed throughout this section to remove the implication that 
such an account could only pertain to one lease, thereby clarifying 
that a decommissioning account could be used for one lease or several 
leases, a RUE grant, or a pipeline ROW grant, or a combination thereof, 
as discussed in section V.B of this preamble.
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (a) to remove the term ``lease-
specific'' and replace it with ``decommissioning,'' and to add 
references to the base and

[[Page 42154]]

supplemental financial assurance regulation (proposed Sec.  
556.901(d)), as well as the financial assurance regulations for RUE 
grants (proposed Sec.  550.166(b)) and pipeline ROW grants (proposed 
Sec.  550.1011(d)), consistent with the changes mentioned in the 
preceding paragraph. Although the paragraph (a) introductory text would 
continue to allow a lessee or grant holder to establish a 
decommissioning account at a federally insured financial institution, 
this proposed rule would eliminate the existing restriction in 
paragraph (d) that such deposits not exceed the FDIC/FSLIC insurance 
limits and the reference to paragraph (a)(3), which is being revised 
and is no longer relevant to withdrawal of funds from a decommissioning 
account.
    The proposed rule would re-arrange the existing sentence 
constituting Sec.  556.904(a)(1). The proposed rule would also revise 
paragraph (a)(2) to remove the words ``as estimated by BOEM'' to 
clarify that BOEM does not estimate decommissioning costs, but rather 
uses the estimates of decommissioning costs determined by BSEE. The 
proposed rule would also revise paragraph (a)(2) to require funding of 
a decommissioning account ``pursuant to a schedule that the Regional 
Director prescribes,'' as opposed to ``within the timeframe the 
Regional Director prescribes'' as existing Sec.  556.904(a)(2) now 
states.
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (a)(3) to remove the 
requirement to provide binding instructions to purchase Treasury 
securities for a decommissioning account under certain circumstances. 
The proposed rule would replace the existing language with a new 
provision providing that if you fail to make the initial payment or any 
scheduled payment into the decommissioning account, you must 
immediately submit, and subsequently maintain, a surety bond or other 
financial assurance in an amount equal to the remaining unsecured 
portion of your estimated decommissioning liability. This change 
reflects BOEM's current policy to order a surety bond or other 
financial assurance in the event the payments into the decommissioning 
account are not timely made.
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (b) by removing ``lease-
specific'' and substituting ``decommissioning.''
    The proposed rule would also remove existing paragraphs (c) and 
(d), which concern the use of pledged Treasury securities to fund a 
decommissioning account, as discussed in section V.B of this preamble. 
Removing the requirement in existing paragraph (d) that the account 
holder must purchase Treasury securities when the amount in the account 
equals the maximum amount insurable by the Federal Deposit Insurance 
Corporation or the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation will 
make these accounts more attractive to parties who may desire to use 
this method of providing supplemental financial assurance. The removal 
of existing paragraphs (c) and (d) would not preclude the use of 
Treasury securities to fund a decommissioning account. Existing 
paragraph (e) would be redesignated as paragraph (c) except that the 
word ``pledged'' would be removed, and ``other revenue stream'' would 
be added to the list of financial assurance options.
    The proposed rule would add a revised paragraph (d), which would 
describe the Regional Director's discretion to authorize BOEM to 
provide funds from a decommissioning account to a liable party that 
performs the decommissioning.
Section 556.905 Third-Party Guarantees
    The proposed rule would revise the section heading to read, 
``Third-party guarantees.'' The proposed rule would also revise the 
section throughout to remove the introductory titles of each paragraph 
to ensure consistency in the proposed rule's format.
Section 556.905(a)
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (a) to include a cross-reference 
to proposed Sec.  550.166(b) (related to RUEs) and proposed Sec.  
550.1011(d)) (related to pipeline ROWs) in addition to the existing 
reference to proposed Sec.  556.901(d) (related to base financial 
assurance for leases), to clarify that a third-party guarantee may be 
used as a type of supplemental financial assurance for not only leases, 
but for RUE grants and pipeline ROW grants as well. This is further 
discussed in Section V.A of this preamble.
    BOEM would also revise paragraph (a)(1) to require that the 
guarantor, not the guarantee, as provided in the existing regulation, 
must meet the criteria in proposed Sec.  556.901(d)(1), as the factors 
in proposed Sec.  556.901(d) more properly apply to an entity, such as 
a guarantor, than to a document, such as a guarantee. See section V.A 
of this preamble for further discussion. BOEM would retain existing 
paragraph (a)(2), but would revise it to include a requirement, which 
is found in existing paragraph (a)(4), that the guarantor or guaranteed 
party must submit a third-party guarantee ``containing each of the 
provisions in proposed paragraph (d) of this section.'' As discussed 
below, paragraph (d) is being revised to no longer use the term 
``indemnity agreement'' and to provide instead that the provisions that 
BOEM previously required a lessee or grant holder to include in 
indemnity agreements must be included in a third-party guarantee 
agreement. This terminology is changed to clarify that the government 
is not required to incur the expenses of decommissioning before 
demanding compensation from the guarantor. The proposed rule would also 
remove existing paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(4), which would be superseded 
by other revisions to this section.
Section 556.905(b)
    The proposed rule would redesignate existing paragraph (b) as 
paragraph (c) and revise the introductory text to remove the reference 
to existing paragraph (c)(3) of this section because the requirements 
in that paragraph would be superseded in this proposed rule. The 
proposed rule would replace this reference with a reference to 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section in paragraph (c) as it is proposed to 
be revised. The proposed rule would add new paragraph (b) to allow 
guarantors to limit their guarantees to a fixed dollar amount as agreed 
to by BOEM. BOEM is proposing this change because the existing 
regulations do not clearly limit the liability of a guarantor to a 
fixed monetary amount stated in the guarantee. Therefore, few parties 
were willing to use third-party guarantees in the past. Because the 
cessation of production is neither desirable nor easily accomplished by 
an operator, the proposed rule would also revise existing paragraph 
(b)(2) to remove the requirement that, when a guarantor becomes 
unqualified, you must ``cease production until you comply with the 
surety bond coverage requirements of this subpart.'' Instead, the 
language in revised redesignated paragraph (c) would be revised to 
provide that you must, within 72 hours, ``[s]ubmit and subsequently 
maintain a surety bond or other financial assurance covering those 
obligations previously secured by the third-party guarantee.''
    The proposed rule would remove existing paragraph (c) as the 
language would be superseded by the new language in Sec.  556.905(a).
Section 556.905(d)
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (d)(1) introductory text 
to read ``If you fail to comply with the terms of any lease or grant 
covered by the guarantee, or any applicable

[[Page 42155]]

regulation, your guarantor must either:'' to be consistent with the 
revision of paragraph (a) to allow the use of a third-party guarantee 
for a RUE grant or a pipeline ROW grant.
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (d)(1)(i) to clarify that 
the corrective action required is to bring the lease or grant into 
compliance with its terms, or any applicable regulation, to the extent 
covered by the guarantee.
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (d)(1)(ii) to clarify that 
the liability only extends to that covered by the guarantee and that 
payment does not result in the cancelation of the guarantee, but only a 
reduction in the remaining value equal to the amount provided.
    The proposed rule would remove existing subparagraph (d)(2) to be 
consistent with the revision to remove existing paragraph (c). As a 
result, existing paragraph (d)(3) would be redesignated as paragraph 
(d)(2) and existing paragraph (d)(4) would be redesignated as paragraph 
(d)(3).
    The proposed rule would revise the redesignated paragraphs 
(d)(2)(ii) and (iii) to remove the words ``your guarantor's'' and 
replace them with the word ``the'' to clarify that redesignated 
paragraph (d)(2) would apply to the guarantee itself.
    The proposed rule would revise proposed paragraph (d)(3) to replace 
the term ``a suitable replacement security instrument'' with 
``acceptable replacement financial assurance'' for clarity and would 
include the requirement that appears in existing Sec.  556.905(d)(4) 
that any replacement financial assurance must be provided before the 
termination of the period of liability of the third-party guarantee.
Section 556.905(e)
    The proposed rule would also revise paragraph (e) to provide that 
BOEM will cancel a third-party guarantee under the same terms and 
conditions as those proposed in Sec. Sec.  556.906(b) and (d)(3).
Section 556.905(f) Through (k)
    BOEM also proposes to add new paragraphs (f) through (k) to replace 
the provisions of existing paragraph (e). The new paragraphs mirror the 
provisions of existing paragraph (e) while making minor adjustments to 
accommodate the new format and add clarification. The term ``indemnity 
agreement'' would be replaced with ``third-party guarantee agreement'' 
throughout.
Section 556.906 Termination of the Period of Liability and Cancellation 
of Financial Assurance
    The proposed rule would replace the words ``security'' and ``surety 
bond'' with ``financial assurance'' and ``surety'' with ``financial 
assurance provider'' for consistency with the changes throughout the 
proposed rule. The section title would also be revised so that ``a 
bond'' is replaced with ``financial assurance.''
    The proposed rule would revise existing paragraph (b)(1) to remove 
the word ``terminated'' in two instances and replace it with 
``cancelled'' to be consistent with the existing paragraph (b) 
introductory text, which provides that the Regional Director will 
cancel your previous financial assurance when you provide a 
replacement, subject to the conditions provided in existing paragraphs 
(b)(1) through (3). BOEM would also remove the word ``for'' before ``by 
the bond'' in paragraph (b)(1) for grammatical reasons.
    The proposed rule would revise existing paragraph (b)(2) to also 
add cross-references to Sec.  550.166, which is the financial assurance 
regulation for RUE grants, and Sec.  550.1011, which is the financial 
assurance regulation for pipeline ROW grants, and would revise existing 
paragraph (b)(3) to also reference supplemental financial assurance 
regulations for RUE grants (proposed Sec.  550.166(b) and pipeline ROW 
grants (proposed Sec.  550.1011(d)). BOEM proposes to delete the word 
``base'' in front of financial assurance in existing paragraph (b)(2) 
to propose that the new financial assurance would replace whatever 
financial assurance that previously existed, whether that financial 
assurance consisted of a base bond and/or any prior supplemental 
financial assurance.
    The proposed rule would revise the paragraph (d) introductory text 
to cover financial assurance cancellations and return of pledged 
financial assurance and, in the table, would remove the middle column 
entitled, ``The period of liability will end,'' because it is redundant 
with the provisions in proposed paragraphs (a) through (c).
    In existing paragraph (d), in the column in the table entitled 
``For the following type of bond,'' BOEM proposes to remove the words 
``type of bond'' and replace those words with a colon at the top of the 
table so that this paragraph would apply to surety bonds or other 
financial assurance, as applicable. Paragraph (d)(1) would also be 
revised to include a cross-reference to base financial assurance 
submitted under proposed Sec.  550.166(a) (for RUE grants) and proposed 
Sec.  550.1011(a) (for pipeline ROW grants). BOEM would also revise 
paragraph (d)(2) in the same column to include a reference to 
supplemental financial assurance submitted under proposed Sec.  
550.166(b) and proposed Sec.  550.1011(d).
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (d) to amend the heading 
of the column entitled, ``Your bond will be cancelled,'' to read, 
``Your financial assurance will be reduced or cancelled, or your 
pledged financial assurance will be returned,'' to clarify that 
financial assurance may be reduced or cancelled and pledged financial 
assurance, or a portion thereof, may be returned, and to specify other 
circumstances under which the Regional Director may cancel supplemental 
financial assurance or return pledged financial assurance. While the 
existing criteria identify most instances when cancellation of 
financial assurance is appropriate, occasionally there are other 
circumstances where cancellation would be warranted. The proposed rule 
would allow cancellation when BOEM determines, using the criteria set 
forth in proposed Sec.  556.901(d), 550.166(b), or 550.1011(d), as 
applicable, that a lessee or grant holder no longer needs to provide 
supplemental financial assurance for its lease, RUE grant, or pipeline 
ROW grant when the operations for which the supplemental financial 
assurance was provided ceased prior to accrual of any decommissioning 
obligation; or when cancellation of the financial assurance is 
appropriate because BOEM determines such financial assurance never 
should have been required under the regulations.
    The proposed rule would add a new paragraph (d)(3) in the table in 
paragraph (d) to address the cancellation of a third-party guarantee. 
In the past, parties have expressed concern to BOEM that the 
regulations, although they expressly allow for the termination of the 
period of liability, do not clearly allow for the cancellation of the 
guarantee. This addition would allow BOEM to cancel a third-party 
guarantee under the same terms and conditions that apply to 
cancellation of other types of financial assurance, as provided in 
proposed Sec.  556.906(d)(2).
    The proposed rule would revise the introductory text in paragraph 
(e) to remove the words ``or release'' because the term ``release'' is 
undefined and not used in practice. Likewise, the proposed rule would 
remove the words ``or released'' from paragraph (e)(2). No substantive 
change is intended; rather BOEM seeks to clarify the meaning of the 
existing provision.

[[Page 42156]]

    The proposed rule would also revise paragraph (e) to reference RUE 
grants and pipeline ROW grants to provide that the Regional Director 
may reinstate the financial assurance on the same grounds as currently 
provided for reinstatement of lease financial assurance.
Section 556.907 Forfeiture of Bonds or Other Financial Assurance
    The proposed rule would replace the words ``security,'' ``surety 
bond,'' or ``third-party guarantee'' with ``financial assurance'' and 
``surety'' with ``financial assurance provider'' for consistency with 
the changes throughout the proposed rule.
    The proposed rule would revise the section heading to read, 
``Forfeiture of bonds or other financial assurance'' because the use of 
``or'' is sufficient in this instance. The proposed rule would revise 
paragraph (a)(1) to include surety bonds or other financial assurance 
for RUE grants and pipeline ROW grants, in addition to leases, in the 
forfeiture provisions of this section. BOEM also proposes to clarify 
that the Regional Director may call for forfeiture of all or part of a 
surety bond or other form of financial assurance, or demand performance 
from a guarantor, if the lessee or grantee covered by the financial 
assurance refuses or is unable to comply with any term or condition of 
a lease, a RUE grant, or a pipeline ROW grant, as well as any 
regulation. Throughout this section, BOEM proposes to add references to 
a grant, a grant holder, and grant obligations to implement the 
revisions in proposed paragraph (a)(1). BOEM proposes to revise (a)(2) 
to replace ``other form of security'' with ``other form of financial 
assurance'' for consistent terminology.
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (b) to include surety bonds ``or 
other financial assurance'' so that BOEM may pursue forfeiture of a 
surety bond or other financial assurance. The word ``lessee'' would 
also be replaced with ``record title holder'' to ensure that co-lessees 
are included.
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (c)(1) to include ``financial 
institution holding or providing your financial assurance'' as one of 
the parties the Regional Director would notify of a determination to 
call for forfeiture because a bank or other financial institution may 
hold funds subject to forfeiture.
    The proposed rule would revise paragraph (c)(1)(ii) to acknowledge 
limitations authorized by Sec.  556.902(a)(3) by more precisely stating 
that the Regional Director will use an estimate of the cost of the 
corrective action needed to bring a lease into compliance when 
determining the amount to be forfeited, subject, in the case of a 
guarantee, to any limitation authorized by proposed Sec.  
556.902(a)(3).
    BOEM proposes to replace existing paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (iii) 
with a new paragraph (c)(2)(ii) that would specify that to avoid 
forfeiture by promising to take corrective action, any financial 
assurance provider would have to agree to, and demonstrate that it will 
complete the required corrective action to bring the relevant lease 
into compliance within the timeframe specified by the Regional 
Director, even if the cost of such compliance exceeds the limit of the 
financial assurance. The proposed changes make clear that existing 
paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (iii) apply to all forms of financial 
assurance, including the caveat that corrective action must be 
completed even if the cost of compliance exceeds the limit of the 
financial assurance.
    BOEM proposes to revise existing paragraphs (d) and (e)(2) by 
replacing ``leases'' with ``lease or grant'' to extend the 
applicability of these provisions to include holders of RUE and ROW 
grants.
    BOEM proposes to revise paragraph (f)(1) to include ``grant'' as 
well as lease. BOEM also proposes to revise paragraph (f)(2) to clarify 
that BOEM may recover additional costs from a third-party guarantor 
only to the extent covered by the guarantee. This would be consistent 
with the change made at Sec.  556.902(a)(3) to allow the use of limited 
third-party guarantees.
    This rulemaking would also reword paragraph (g) for clarity.
    In some circumstances, predecessor lessees that have been notified 
about the failure of their successor organizations to fulfill their 
decommissioning obligations will initiate the requisite decommissioning 
activities. In these cases, predecessor lessees or grantees are likely 
to incur costs that could be funded from financial assurance posted 
with BOEM on behalf of the current lessee. Some of this financial 
assurance may be forfeited by the current lessee or by other successor 
lessees. BOEM proposes to add a paragraph (h) to make clear that BOEM 
may provide funding collected from forfeited financial assurance to 
predecessor lessees or grant holders or to third parties taking 
corrective actions on the lease or grant.

Part 590--Appeal Procedures

Subpart A--Offshore Minerals Management Appeal Procedures
Section 590.4 How do I file an appeal?
    BOEM proposes to add paragraph (c) to specify that, while a demand 
for supplemental financial assurance may be appealed to the IBLA, a 
stay can only be granted if an appeal surety bond for an amount equal 
to the demand is posted. This is intended to mitigate the risk to the 
government that, after the appeal is decided, a company will be unable 
to perform its obligations because of its financial deterioration 
during pendency of the appeal.
Severability
    BOEM proposes to include in the final rule that, should any court 
hold unlawful and/or set aside portions of this rulemaking, the 
remaining portions are severable and therefore should not be remanded 
to the agency. The proposed rule contains three main components: (1) 
Streamlining requirements for supplemental financial assurance; (2) 
Establishing ``P70'' as the relevant estimate for the amount of any 
supplemental financial assurance, and (3) Making several, less 
significant changes to, among other things. right-of-use and easement 
and right-of-way grants and decommissioning accounts. See preamble 
sections IV.B through V.C.
    These three components operate largely independent of each other: 
the first component considers whether a lessee is at risk of default 
based on the lessee's credit rating or the proved reserves on the 
lease; the second component considers the appropriate requirements in 
light of that risk; and the third component addresses several 
longstanding and technical matters that do not bear directly on the 
first two components. Indeed, these three components are sufficiently 
distinct that their severability does not depend on the specifics of 
this proposed rule. For example, if, in the final rule, BOEM sets the 
appropriate level of supplemental financial assurance at a different P-
value, that decision would remain severable from the threshold 
determination regarding whether to collect supplemental financial 
assurance and from the other separate technical changes proposed by 
this rule.

XI. Additional Comments Solicited by BOEM

    In addition to those comment requests stated above, BOEM also 
requests comments on the topics below:
     BOEM is considering the inclusion of offshore joint and 
several decommissioning liabilities (of the co-lessees that would 
otherwise have exempted the lessee from providing supplemental 
financial assurance) in the determination of a proxy credit rating when 
these liabilities are ``disproportionately high'' and may encumber that 
co-lessee's ability to

[[Page 42157]]

carry out future obligations. BOEM is requesting comments on the 
appropriate criteria to determine what constitutes ``disproportionately 
high'' offshore liabilities, for example, a ratio of decommissioning 
liabilities to the net worth of the co-lessee above X times, or other 
financially significant and reasonable criteria on how these 
liabilities should best be incorporated into the proxy credit rating 
that BOEM will derive.
     The use of End-of-Life (Years) in the evaluation of asset 
value as an alternative to using the decommissioning costs ratio. BOEM 
requests comments on the use of a minimum number of years of production 
remaining criterion to qualify for an exemption from supplemental 
financial assurance. Possibly, End-of-Life criteria could be an 
alternative to the 3:1 ratio of value of reserves to decommissioning 
costs.
     The consideration of bond issuance ratings, in addition to 
issuer credit ratings, in determining the financial risk posed by 
lessees and grant holders. BOEM also invites comments on determining an 
appropriate threshold for bond issuance ratings, such as general 
unsecured debt ratings.
     Should BOEM exclude third-party guarantors from the 
requirement of Sec.  556.902(a)(3) that guarantees must ``guarantee 
compliance with all obligations of all lessees, operating rights, 
owners and operators on the lease'' in addition to allowing a third-
party guarantee to be limited in amount?

XII. Procedural Matters

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review, as Amended by 
Executive Order 14094--Modernizing Regulatory Review, and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    Executive Order 12866, as amend by Executive Order 14094 provides 
that the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in OMB 
will review all significant rules. OIRA has reviewed this proposed rule 
and determined that it is a significant action under Executive Order 
12866, as amend by Executive Order 14094 Sec 3 (f)(1). This rulemaking 
will result in an annual effect on the economy of $200 million or more 
(adjusted every 3 years by the Administrator of OIRA for changes in 
gross domestic product); or adversely affect in a material way the 
economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the 
environment, public health or safety, or State, local, territorial, or 
tribal governments or communities.
    Executive Order 13563 reaffirms the principles of Executive Order 
12866, as amend by Executive Order 14094, while calling for 
improvements in the Nation's regulatory system to promote 
predictability and reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, most 
innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends. 
Executive Order 13563 directs agencies to consider regulatory 
approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of 
choice for the public where these approaches are relevant, feasible, 
and consistent with regulatory objectives. BOEM has developed this 
proposed rule in a manner consistent with these requirements.
    BOEM's proposed changes are estimated to increase the private cost 
to lessees in the form of bonding or other financial assurance 
premiums. BOEM has drafted an initial regulatory impact analysis (IRIA) 
detailing the estimated impacts of this proposed rule. The IRIA 
reflects both monetized and non-monetized impacts; the costs and 
benefits of the non-monetized impacts are discussed qualitatively in 
the document. BOEM's IRIA is available in the public docket for this 
rulemaking.
    BOEM expects this proposed rule may increase the total amount of 
financial assurance, increasing the aggregate private cost to lessees 
of financial assurance premiums. The table below summarizes BOEM's 
estimate of the cost in financial assurance premiums paid by lessees 
over a 20-year time horizon if this proposed rule is finalized less the 
premiums associated with BOEM's existing current financial assurance 
portfolio. Additional information on the estimated transfers, costs, 
and benefits can be found in the IRIA posted in the public docket for 
this proposed rule.

    Total Estimated Increase in Bonding Financial Assurance Premiums
               Associated With BOEM's Proposed Amendments
                       [2022-2041, 2021$ millions]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Discounted at   Discounted at
                2022-2041                       3%              7%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Compliance Cost...................          $4,867          $3,379
Annualized Compliance Cost..............           327.1           318.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601-612, requires agencies 
to analyze the economic impact of regulations when a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities is likely and 
to consider regulatory alternatives that will achieve the agency's 
goals while minimizing the burden on small entities. BOEM has provided 
an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA), which assesses the 
impact of this proposed rule on small entities. The IRFA is available 
in the public docket for this rulemaking.
    As defined by the Small Business Administration (SBA), a small 
entity is one that is ``independently owned and operated and which is 
not dominant in its field of operation.'' What characterizes a small 
business varies from industry to industry. The proposed rule would 
affect OCS lessees and RUE grant holders and pipeline ROW grant holders 
on the OCS. The analysis shows that this includes roughly 536 companies 
with ownership interests in OCS leases and grants. Entities that would 
operate under this proposed rule are classified primarily under North 
American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes 211120 (Crude 
Petroleum Extraction), 211130 (Natural Gas Extraction), and 486110 
(Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas). For NAICS 
classifications 211120 and 211130, the SBA defines a small business as 
one with fewer than 1,250 employees; for NAICS code 486110, a business 
with fewer than 1,500 employees.
    Based on these criteria, approximately 407 (76 percent) of the 
businesses operating on the OCS subject to this proposed rule are 
considered small; the remaining businesses are considered large 
entities. All of the operating businesses meeting the SBA ``small 
business'' classification are potentially impacted; therefore, BOEM 
expects that the proposed rule would affect a substantial number of 
small entities. Small and large oil and gas companies have different 
business models. Large

[[Page 42158]]

oil and gas companies tend to focus their business efforts on new 
exploration and development projects. Such projects tend to be large in 
scale, low in frequency, and focused on deep water operations; as a 
result, the rate of their oil and gas reserve depletion is low. In 
contrast, most small oil and gas companies tend to focus on late-stage 
oil and gas production intended to maximize the residual output from 
established facilities; as a result, the rate of their oil and gas 
reserve depletion is high. For this reason, smaller companies tend to 
operate large numbers of old facilities, which are likely to require 
decommissioning sooner than newer facilities. Accordingly, the 
prospective decommissioning costs of small oil companies are likely to 
be high relative to their net tangible assets, making these companies 
disproportionately susceptible to any change in decommissioning costs 
and the associated costs of providing supplemental financial assurance. 
Because BOEM's financial assurance program is intended to ensure that 
all current lessees meet their obligations, and thereby avoid the need 
for the taxpayer to assume these obligations in the event of default, 
any action taken by BOEM to ensure financial responsibility of lessees 
would necessarily significantly impact smaller companies.
    BOEM estimated the annualized increase in private costs to lessees 
and allocated those costs to small and large entities based on their 
decommissioning liabilities. BOEM's analysis concludes that the 
proposed regulatory changes could cause small companies to incur $252.6 
million (at a 7 percent discount rate) in annualized compliance costs. 
BOEM recognizes that there will be incremental cost burdens to most 
affected small entities. BOEM seeks specific comment and feedback from 
affected small entities on the costs associated with this rulemaking. 
Additional information about these conclusions can be found in the IRFA 
for this proposed rule.

           Estimated Impact in Private Cost for Small Lessees
                            [2021, $millions]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Discounted at   Discounted at
                2021-2041                       3%              7%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Compliance Cost...................          $3,820          $2,676
Annualized Compliance Cost..............           256.8           252.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed changes are designed to balance the risk of non-
performance with the costs and disincentives to production that are 
associated with the requirement to provide supplemental financial 
assurance. The IRIA and the IRFA include three regulatory alternatives 
which were considered and not selected by BOEM. This section walks 
through the alternatives (which are discussed in more detail in the 
IRIA) and discusses how these alternatives impact small businesses and 
why they were not selected.
Regulatory Alternatives
    There are three regulatory alternatives to the proposed action 
analyzed in the IRIA:
    1. No Action Alternative: Continue the policies of partial 
implementation of NTL No. 2016-N01.
    2. More Stringent Regulatory Alternative: Full implementation of 
NTL No. 2016-N01.
    3. Less Stringent Regulatory Alternative: Lower Tier 1 \16\ cutoff 
to BB- and include a waiver for lessees with Tier 1 predecessor 
lessees.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ The IRIA alternatives describe lessees as Tier 1 or Tier 2 
depending on whether BOEM would require the lessee to provide 
supplemental financial assurance. Tier 1 lessees are considered low 
risk and would not be required to provide supplemental financial 
assurance, while Tier 2 lessees are considered high risk and would 
be required to do so.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the no action alternative, BOEM would continue to partially 
implement NTL No. 2016-N01, which only requires high-risk, Tier 2 
lessees (lessees with a credit rating below BB-) to provide bonds or 
other financial assurance and only for their sole liability 
properties.\17\ Only Tier 2 lessees that do not have another lessee in 
the chain of title would be required to provide supplemental financial 
assurance. This alternative differs from the proposed rule in that the 
proposed rule would change the Tier 2 demarcation to those lessees with 
ratings below BBB-. The proposed rule also would require supplemental 
financial assurance for Tier 2 lessees who do not have a Tier 1 (low 
risk) co-lessee, grant holder, or co-grant-holder regardless of the 
presence of any predecessor lessee or grantee, even a Tier 1 
predecessor. This alternative is more fully described in the IRIA as 
the baseline.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ This does not fully reflect the current policy, and 
therefore is not literally a ``no action'' alternative: BOEM 
broadened the scope of its financial assurance requirement relative 
to a partial implementation of NTL No. 2016-N01 last year. See BOEM 
Expands Financial Assurance Efforts [verbar] Bureau of Ocean Energy 
Management, https://www.boem.gov/newsroom/notes-stakeholders/boem-expands-financial-assurance-efforts. However, there have been 
relatively few companies affected by the new policy to date, and it 
is too recent for this policy change to have had a discernible 
impact on financial assurance demands; therefore, the alternative 
used in the IRIA best estimates the baseline.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the more stringent alternative, BOEM would fully implement 
NTL No. 2016-N01. The NTL included guidance on how BOEM would evaluate 
the five criteria for determining a company's ability to meet its OCS 
obligations for self-insurance, which are described in more detail in 
the IRIA. The result of NTL No. 2016-N01, as written, was that not even 
the subsidiaries of highly rated companies could provide sufficient 
financial assurance for the full amount of their OCS liabilities. More 
information on the more stringent alternative is included in the IRIA.
    Under the less stringent alternative, BOEM analyzed an alternative 
that would maintain the baseline threshold demarcation between Tier 1 
and Tier 2 companies at BB-. The less stringent option also would 
include the baseline's consideration of predecessor lessees but would 
require that at least one predecessor lessee be a Tier 1 company in 
order for the current lessee to avoid having to provide supplemental 
financial assurance. This alternative would require Tier 2 lessees who 
have Tier 2 predecessor lessees to provide supplemental financial 
assurance; they would not be required to do so under the baseline. As 
opposed to the proposed rule, lessees with a BB-, BB, or BB+ rating 
would not be required to provide supplemental financial assurance under 
this alternative. Further, under this alternative, any Tier 2 lessee 
with a Tier 1 lessee in the chain of title would not be required to 
provide supplemental financial assurance, unlike under the proposed 
rule. BOEM fully outlines this alternative in the IRIA.

[[Page 42159]]

Discussion of Regulatory Alternatives
    Under the no action alternative, the current level of financial 
risk would remain the same. However, BOEM reviewed NTL No. 2016-N01 
after several recent bankruptcies and determined that changes were 
necessary to comprehensively identify, prioritize, and manage the 
health, safety, and environmental risks associated with industry 
activities on the OCS.
    In its IRIA analysis, BOEM estimates that implementation of the 
more stringent alternative would significantly increase the compliance 
cost over the baseline and over the proposed rule. BOEM acknowledges 
that there could be some additional risk reduction by bonding a greater 
number of liabilities, but, given joint and several liability with 
multiple co-lessees and predecessor lessees, the relative risk 
reduction from this alternative would be very small. Although the more 
stringent option would reduce the risk that the U.S. Government might 
have to assume performance of the lessee's obligations, the $647 
million annualized compliance cost of this alternative could be a 
significant cost burden on the U.S. offshore oil and gas industry.
    The less stringent alternative would differ in two problematic ways 
from the proposed action. First, the less stringent option would 
maintain the baseline demarcation between Tier 1 and Tier 2, which is 
lower than that of the proposed rule. This would not meaningfully help 
to mitigate default risk to the taxpayer on decommissioning 
liabilities. Second, the less stringent alternative would not require 
financial assurance should a Tier 1 predecessor lessee be in the chain 
of title. Although the less stringent alternative would result in lower 
bonding costs for industry and small businesses than the proposed rule, 
consideration of predecessor lessees and grantees encourages moral 
hazard by incentivizing current lessees to pass risk to predecessors 
rather than proactively prepare for decommissioning and related 
obligations. Therefore, BOEM did not select this alternative. See the 
IRIA for more detailed information about the alternative bonding and 
risk profiles.
    BOEM decided against the less stringent alternative. Instead, BOEM 
will require supplemental financial assurance from all financially weak 
lessees that lack either financially strong co-lessees or sufficiently 
valuable proved oil and gas reserves to attract a buyer if needed. 
Eschewing reliance on predecessor lessees ensures that financial 
responsibility for decommissioning rests with current lessees and 
encourages those lessees to financially prepare for decommissioning 
costs, rather than pass those expenses to predecessor lessees and 
possibly the taxpayer. BOEM finds the less stringent alternative would 
not adequately reduce default risk and would not require all lessees to 
fully internalize the cost of decommissioning. This alternative is also 
discussed in more detail below and in the IRIA.
    As part of this less stringent alternative, potential adverse 
impacts to small businesses could be reduced if BOEM kept the Tier 2 
threshold at BB- relative to the proposed rule, which increases such 
threshold to BBB- to match the investment grade standard. BOEM has 
determined that the use of an investment grade standard for waiving 
supplemental financial assurance is the most appropriate threshold 
because this approach minimizes credit default risk to the taxpayer 
without overburdening offshore companies with the cost of providing 
financial assurance in low credit risk scenarios.
    BOEM finds that the less stringent alternative would slightly 
increase the likelihood that decommissioning costs would be borne by 
the taxpayer as lowering the floor of Tier 1 would expand the number of 
companies not subject to financial assurance to include those with 
higher 1-year default rates.
    Although credit ratings are objective criteria that are intended to 
accurately reflect the risk of default and the potential that the 
Federal Government could be forced to undertake performance obligations 
of OCS lessees, BOEM recognizes that the proportion of small companies 
adversely affected by the proposed rule would be higher than that of 
large companies. However, this disproportionate effect on small 
companies is not attributable to the proposed rule, but results from 
the need to ensure that decommissioning obligations are fulfilled.
    This less stringent alternative also relies on predecessor lessees 
and grantees when determining if and how much supplemental financial 
assurance will be required, which BOEM's proposed rule does not. By not 
allowing reliance on predecessors to excuse supplemental financial 
assurance, BOEM requires that all lessees take into account the full 
cost of decommissioning as they will have provided financial assurance 
that prevents the need to turn to predecessor lessees. Any entity that 
owned a lease at any point in time is jointly and severally liable for 
the costs of decommissioning facilities on that lease during their 
tenure, along with the current and prior owners, until such time as the 
facility has been permanently decommissioned. Therefore, if the current 
lessee is unable or unwilling to decommission it at the end of its 
useful life, BSEE can order the prior lessee to complete the 
decommissioning obligations for facilities that existed on the lease at 
the time of ownership. If BOEM were to take into account the financial 
capacity of predecessor lessees in determining the amount of 
supplemental financial assurance required of a current owner, the 
financial burden on small companies would be substantially reduced 
compared to that resulting from the proposed rule, because a much 
smaller number of them would be required to post supplemental financial 
assurance. Given that the required amount of supplemental financial 
assurance relative to the net assets of such companies is often 
substantial, and considering that the premiums on the underlying bonds 
can be significant relative to the net income of such companies, taking 
into account predecessor lessee strength could substantially reduce the 
potential adverse impacts of requiring financial assurance from small 
business.
    Though allowing the presence of a predecessor lessee or grantee to 
change financial assurance requirements would reduce the potential 
adverse impacts to small businesses, BOEM does not recommend waiving 
supplemental financial assurance from current lessees based only on the 
existence of financially viable predecessor lessees. Financial 
consideration for the decommissioning liability has already been 
discounted from the asset purchase price paid by the current lessee. As 
a corollary, a lessee knows that BOEM may demand supplemental financial 
assurance from it to cover its obligations, including decommissioning 
obligations for which it shares liability with a predecessor lessee. 
Armed with this knowledge, all lessees can plan ahead and include the 
possible need to provide supplemental financial assurance in their 
business plans. Therefore, there is no need to insulate current lessees 
from supplemental financial assurance demands by relying on the 
financial ability of strong predecessor lessees. Along the same lines, 
allowing current lessees not to provide supplemental financial 
assurance based on a predecessor lessee's strength may incentivize 
current lessees to not consider decommissioning costs in their business 
decisions or to take risks they would not have otherwise taken if they 
had financial resources at risk in the event

[[Page 42160]]

of non-performance. This ``moral hazard'' could distort the market for 
lease transfers by allowing a buyer and seller to conduct a transaction 
without calculating in end-of-life decommissioning cash outflows, the 
buyer relying on end-of-life bankruptcy instead of decommissioning, and 
may ultimately result in predecessor lessees and grantees having to 
perform decommissioning for which they had not planned.
    While waiving supplemental financial assurance for companies having 
financially viable predecessor lessees and grantees would mitigate the 
impact the proposed rule on small businesses, BOEM has determined that 
this benefit would not be acceptable given that, under these 
circumstances, lessees may not always fully internalize the cost of 
their decommissioning obligations into their operations as they can 
rely on the predecessor lessee if needed and avoid having to pay 
financial assurance premiums. Additional moral hazard implications of 
implementing such a retroactive policy are described in more detail in 
the IRIA. Reliance on predecessor lessees would likely also cause them 
to require the buyer provide them financial assurance prior to selling 
their leases to new owners (which would also result in a cost for small 
businesses). For these reasons, BOEM has determined that any waiver of 
financial responsibility based on business relationships should be 
limited to situations where the liable party voluntarily becomes a 
current co-lessee or co-grantee and therefore, knowingly assumes its 
liabilities.

C. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act

    This proposed rule would revise the financial assurance 
requirements for OCS lessees and grant holders and would require 
supplemental financial assurance where the risk is highest. BOEM's 
proposed changes would: (1) Modify the evaluation process for requiring 
additional security, (2) Simplify and strengthen the evaluation 
criteria, and (3) Remove restrictive provisions for third-party 
guarantees and decommissioning accounts. These proposed changes reflect 
an interest in relying on current lessees and grant holders to provide 
required financial assurance, aligning the evaluation criteria with 
banking and finance industry practices, providing greater flexibility 
for industry, and protecting taxpayers from exposure to the 
consequences of noncompliance with DOI regulations and OCS lease 
obligations, particularly the nonperformance of decommissioning 
obligations.
    This proposed rule is a major rule under 5 U.S.C. 804(2), the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act, because implementation of 
this rulemaking will have an annual effect on the economy of $100 
million or more.
    For more information on the small business impacts, see the IRFA 
analysis and the discussion in section XII.B of this preamble. Small 
businesses may send comments on the actions of Federal employees who 
enforce or otherwise determine compliance with Federal regulations to 
the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman, 
and to the Regional Small Business Regulatory Fairness Board. The 
Ombudsman evaluates these actions annually and rates each agency's 
responsiveness to small business. If you wish to comment on actions by 
employees of BSEE or BOEM, call 1-888-REG-FAIR (1-888-734-3247).

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This proposed rule does not impose an unfunded mandate on State, 
local, or tribal governments of $85 million per year.\18\ This proposed 
rule does not have a significant or unique effect on State, local, or 
tribal governments. Moreover, the proposed rule would not have 
disproportionate budgetary effects on these governments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ 2021 values are available here: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R40957.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BOEM has determined that this proposed rule would impose costs on 
the private sector of more than $182 million in a single year. The IRIA 
includes information on the costs of the proposed rule and its 
alternatives. The UMRA (2 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) requires BOEM to perform 
a cost-benefit assessment and to provide the legal authority for the 
rulemaking, a description of the macro-economic effects, and a summary 
of the State, local, or tribal government concerns. These items are 
described in more detail in the IRIA.
    Because all of the anticipated private sector expenditures that may 
result from the proposed rule are analyzed in the IRIA and IRFA (i.e., 
expenditures of the offshore oil and gas industry), these documents 
satisfy the UMRA requirement to estimate any disproportionate budgetary 
effects of the proposed rule on a particular segment of the private 
sector. As explained in the IRIA, the rulemaking is anticipated to have 
annualized net estimated compliance costs of $319 million annually (7 
percent discounting) but provides strengthened financial assurance to 
protect taxpayers from the costs of decommissioning offshore 
infrastructure. Under the proposed action, BOEM will evaluate the 
financial strength of OCS lessees and grant holders that could affect 
their ability to meet OCS obligations. The IRIA outlines both a less 
stringent and more stringent regulatory alternative. The more stringent 
option was not selected as the added benefits did not justify the 
increased compliance burden. BOEM's less stringent option includes a 
lower credit rating of BB- to be classified as low risk and allows 
predecessor lessee or grantee strength to be included in the financial 
assurance evaluation. This alternative was not selected as BB rated 
companies are considered speculative and below investment grade and 
relying on predecessor lessees and grantees introduces a moral hazard 
and does not require each current lessee to internalize its 
decommissioning obligations.

E. Executive Order 12630: Governmental Actions and Interference With 
Constitutionally Protected Property Rights

    This proposed rule does not affect a taking of private property or 
otherwise have takings implications under Executive Order 12630. 
Therefore, a takings implication assessment is not required.

F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    Under the criteria in section 1 of Executive Order 13132, this 
proposed rule does not have sufficient federalism implications to 
warrant the preparation of a federalism summary impact statement. 
Therefore, a federalism summary impact statement is not required.

G. Executive Order 12988: Civil Justice Reform

    This proposed rule complies with the requirements of Executive 
Order 12988. Specifically, this proposed rule:
    (1) Meets the criteria of section 3(a) requiring that all 
regulations be reviewed to eliminate errors and ambiguity and be 
written to minimize litigation; and
    (2) Meets the criteria of section 3(b)(2) requiring that all 
regulations be written in clear language and contain clear legal 
standards.

H. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    Executive Order 13175 defines policies that have tribal 
implications as

[[Page 42161]]

regulations, legislative comments or proposed legislation, and other 
policy statements or actions that will or may have a substantial direct 
effect on one or more Indian Tribes, or on the relationship between the 
Federal Government and one or more Indian Tribes.
    BOEM strives to strengthen its government-to-government 
relationships with American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes through a 
commitment to consultation with those tribes and recognition of their 
right to self-governance and tribal sovereignty. The DOI's consultation 
policy for Tribal Nations, as described in Departmental Manual part 512 
chapter 4, expands on the above definition from E.O. 13175, and defines 
a Departmental Action with Tribal Implications as--
    ``[a]ny regulation, rulemaking, policy, guidance, legislative 
proposal, plan, programmatic or operational activity, or grant or 
funding formula change that may have a substantial direct effect on a 
Tribe in matters including but not limited to: (1) Tribal cultural 
practices; lands; treaty rights; resources; ancestral lands; sacred 
sites, including sites that are submerged; and lands Tribes were 
removed from, or access to traditional areas of cultural or religious 
importance on Federally managed lands and waters; (2) the ability of a 
Tribe to govern or provide services to its members; (3) a Tribe's 
formal relationship with the Department, be it nation-to-nation or 
beneficiary-to-trustee; or, (4) any action planned by a non-federal 
entity that involves funding, approval, or other final agency action 
provided by the Department, unless the Tribe is a party to the action. 
Substantial direct effects on Tribes may include, but are not limited 
to, effects as shown in the Consensus-Seeking Model (Figure 1).'' 512 
DM 4.3.B. (November 30, 2022). DOI's procedures for consultation with 
Tribal Nations also provide that:
    ``Bureaus/Offices must invite Indian Tribes early in the planning 
process to consult whenever a Departmental plan or action with Tribal 
Implications arises. Bureaus/Offices should operate under the 
assumption that all actions with land or resource use or resource 
impacts may have Tribal implications and should extend consultation 
invitations accordingly.'' 512 DM 5.4. (November 30, 2022).
    Additionally, we are also respectful of our responsibilities for 
consultation with Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) 
Corporations. The DOI's consultation policy defines a Departmental 
Action with ANCSA Corporation Implications as--

    ``[a]ny regulation, rulemaking, policy, guidance, legislative 
proposal, grant funding formula changes, or operational activity 
that may have a substantial direct effect on an ANCSA Corporation, 
including but not limited to: (1) any activity that may 
substantially affect land, water, areas, or resources owned or 
selected by ANCSA Corporation; (2) any activity that may impact the 
ability of an ANCSA Corporation to participate in Departmental 
programs for which it qualifies; (3) any activity that may impact 
the ability of ANCSA shareholders to access and use ANCSA lands, 
water areas, or resources; (4) any activity that may impact the 
ability of Alaska Native people to maintain their traditional way of 
life and subsistence practices on ANCSA Corporation lands, waters, 
or adjacent federal lands; or, (5) any activity that may have a 
direct effect on the ability of an ANCSA Corporation to fulfil the 
purposes for which it was established under ANCSA.'' 512 DM 6.3.C. 
(November 30, 2022).

    DOI consultation procedures for ANSCA corporations also provides: 
``Bureaus and Offices should operate under the assumption that all 
actions with land or resource use or resource impacts may have ANCSA 
Corporation implications and should extend consultation invitations 
accordingly. When ANCSA Corporations indicate that there is substantial 
and direct effect of the Departmental Action with ANCSA Corporation 
Implications, the Department must engage in consultation.'' 512 DM 
7.4.A. (November 30, 2022).
    This rulemaking proposes to modify the criteria for determining 
whether oil, gas, and/or sulfur lessees, RUE grant holders, and 
pipeline ROW grant holders may be required to provide bonds or other 
financial assurance, above the current regulatorily prescribed base 
bond amounts, to ensure compliance with their OCSLA obligations. It 
also proposes to remove certain restrictive provisions for third-party 
guarantees and decommissioning accounts and would add new criteria 
under which a bond, or third-party guarantee, that was provided as 
supplemental financial assurance, may be cancelled. Additionally, this 
proposed rule would clarify bonding requirements for RUEs serving 
Federal leases.
    We have evaluated this proposed rule under the DOI's consultation 
policy and under the criteria in Executive Order 13175, and have 
determined that, while this rulemaking will likely not cause any 
substantial direct effects on environmental or cultural resources, 
there may be resource or economic impacts to one or more federally 
recognized Indian tribes or ANCSA Corporations as a result of this 
proposed rule.
    In developing the 2020 Joint Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (85 FR 
65924), BOEM determined that the rulemaking would have no substantial 
direct effects on environmental or cultural resources. However, BOEM 
determined there was the potential for economic impacts to one Tribal 
Nation and one ANCSA Corporation. In August 2018, BOEM invited 
consultation with this Tribal Nation and the ANCSA Corporation. BOEM 
consulted with the Tribal Nation in September 2018. The ANCSA 
Corporation did not request to consult. At that time, BOEM discussed 
the possible impacts from the 2020 proposal, as documented in the 
memorandum to the docket titled ``2018 Outreach on the Financial 
Assurance Proposal.''
    On March 31, 2023, BOEM sent letters to all Tribes and ANCSA 
Corporations to ensure they are aware of this preparation for a new 
proposed rulemaking, to answer any immediate questions they may have, 
and to invite formal consultation if they would like to consult. To 
date, only one Tribe has requested consultation, however we will 
formally consult with any Tribes or ANCSA corporations at any stage in 
this rulemaking as it advances if consultation is requested.

I. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    This proposed rule references existing information collections 
(ICs) previously approved by OMB and adds new IC requirements for BOEM 
regulations that require OMB review and approval under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). Therefore, an 
information collection request for BOEM is being submitted to OMB for 
review and approval. The ICs related to this rulemaking concern the 
requirements under 30 CFR parts 550 and 556. BOEM may not conduct or 
sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.
    OMB has reviewed and approved the information collection 
requirements associated with risk management and financial assurance 
for OCS lease and grant obligations and assigned the following OMB 
control numbers:
     1010-0006 (BOEM), ``Leasing of Sulfur or Oil and Gas in 
the Outer Continental Shelf (30 CFR parts 550, Subpart J; 556, Subparts 
A through I, and K; and 560, Subparts B and E) (expires 03/31/2026), 
and
     1010-0114 (BOEM), ``30 CFR 550, Subpart A, General, and 
Subpart K, Oil and Gas Production Requirements (expires 05/31/2026).

[[Page 42162]]

    This proposed rule would modify collections of information under 30 
CFR part 550, subparts A and J, and 30 CFR part 556, subpart I, 
concerning financial assurance requirements (such as bonding) for 
leases, pipeline ROW grants, and RUE grants. OMB has reviewed and 
approved the information collection requirements associated with 
financial assurance regulations for leases (30 CFR 556.900 through 
907), pipeline ROW grants (30 CFR 550.1011), and RUE grants (30 CFR 
550.160 and 550.166).
    BOEM estimates that the number of information collection burden 
hours for the proposed rule overall are close to the same as for the 
existing regulatory framework. If this proposed rule becomes final and 
effective, the new and changed provisions would increase the overall 
annual burden hours for OMB Control Number 1010-0006 by 77 hours 
(totaling 19,131 annual burden hours) and 268 responses (totaling 
10,575 responses) as justified below. The changed provisions for OMB 
Control Number 1010-0114 would add new and revise requirements in 30 
CFR part 550, subpart A, but would not impact the overall burden hours 
for this control number because the burdens for these provisions are 
counted under OMB Control Number 1010-0006. However, the regulatory 
descriptions of new and modified requirements would be extensive enough 
to require an update of the OMB control number.
    When needed, BOEM would submit future burden changes (either 
increases or decreases) of the OMB control numbers with reasoning to 
OMB for review and approval. Every 3 years, BOEM would also review the 
burden numbers for changes, seek public comment, and submit any request 
for changes to OMB for approval.
    Title of Collection: 30 CFR part 550, ``Oil and Gas and Sulfur 
Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf,'' and 30 CFR part 556, 
``Leasing of Sulfur or Oil and Gas and Bonding Requirements in the 
Outer Continental Shelf.''
    OMB Control Number: 1010-0006 and 1010-0114.
    Form Number: None.
    Type of Review: Revision of currently approved collections.
    Respondents/Affected Public: Federal OCS oil, gas, and sulfur 
operators and lessees, and RUE grant and pipeline ROW grant holders.
    Total Estimated Number of Annual Responses: 10,575 responses for 
1010-0006, and 5,302 responses for 1010-0114.
    Total Estimated Number of Annual Burden Hours: 19,131 hours for 
1010-0006, and 18,323 hours for 1010-0114.
    Respondent's Obligation: Responses to these collections of 
information are mandatory or are required to obtain or retain a 
benefit.
    Frequency of Collection: The frequency of response varies but is 
primarily on the occasion or as per the requirement.
    Total Estimated Annual Non-hour Burden Cost: No additional non-hour 
costs.
    The following is a brief explanation of how the proposed regulatory 
changes would affect the various subparts' hour and non-hour cost 
burdens for OMB Control Number 1010-0114.
Right-of-Use and Easement
    BOEM's existing regulations concerning RUE grants for an OCS lessee 
and a State lessee are found in 30 CFR 550.160 through 550.166. The 
burdens related to 30 CFR 550.160 and 550.166 are identified in OMB 
Control Number 1010-0114 but accounted for in OMB Control Number 1010-
0006.
    Section 550.160 provides that an applicant for a RUE that serves an 
OCS lease must meet bonding requirements, but the regulation does not 
prescribe a base surety bond amount. The proposed rule would replace 
this requirement with a cross-reference to the specific criteria 
governing financial assurance demands in proposed Sec.  550.166. 
Therefore, BOEM is proposing to establish a Federal RUE base financial 
assurance requirement matching the existing base surety bond 
requirement for State RUEs. The annual burden hour likely would not 
change since RUEs that serve OCS leases are currently already meeting 
bonding requirements under BOEM's agreement-specific conditions of 
approval. The proposed regulations will be more specific and clarify 
the meaning of ``meeting bonding requirements.''
    BOEM is proposing to establish a $500,000 area-wide RUE financial 
assurance requirement for any RUE-holder that owns one or more RUEs, 
regardless of whether they serve a State or Federal lease. BOEM is also 
proposing to allow any lessee that has posted an area-wide lease surety 
bond to modify that lease surety bond to also cover any RUE(s) held by 
the same entity.
    BOEM is also proposing to revise the RUE regulations to clarify 
that any RUE grant holder, whether the RUE serves a State or Federal 
lease, may be required to provide supplemental financial assurance for 
the RUE if the grant holders do not meet the credit rating or proxy 
credit rating criteria. The existing regulations authorized demands for 
supplemental financial assurance but specified no criteria. The annual 
burden hour would not change based on these clarifications.
    The following is the revised burden table and a brief explanation 
of how the proposed regulatory changes would affect the various 
subparts' hour and non-hour cost burdens for OMB Control Number 1010-
0006:
BILLING CODE P
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29JN23.003

BILLING CODE C
Pipelines and Pipeline Right-of-Way Grants
    Proposed Sec.  550.1011(d) relates to BOEM's determination of 
whether supplemental financial assurance is necessary to ensure 
compliance with the obligations under a pipeline ROW grant. This 
determination would be based on whether pipeline ROW grant holders have 
the ability to carry out present and future obligations. The criteria 
proposed for the financial determination include an issuer credit 
rating or a proxy credit rating. The issuer credit rating and the 
audited financial information on which BOEM determines a proxy credit 
rating already exist. The burden of determining a proxy credit rating 
falls on BOEM. The annual burdens placed on the grant holder would be 
minimal (providing to BOEM information the grant holder already has) 
and would be included in the burden estimates for 30 CFR 556.901(d).
    Proposed Sec.  550.1011(d)(2) provides that BOEM would consider the 
issuer credit rating or proxy credit rating of a co-grant holder, 
because they are liable

[[Page 42166]]

for accrued decommissioning obligations for facilities and pipelines on 
their ROW. The burden for determining credit rating falls mostly on 
BOEM. The annual burdens placed on the grant holder would be minimal 
(providing to BOEM information the grant holder already has) and would 
be included in the burden estimates for 30 CFR 556.901(d).
Bond or Other Financial Assurance Requirements for Leases
    Proposed Sec.  556.900(a)(4) proposes to add that supplemental 
financial assurance required by the Regional Director must be provided 
before a new lease is issued or an assignment of a lease is approved. 
The burden increase for this requirement would be included in OMB 
Control Number 1010-0006. Supplemental financial assurance required by 
this provision would likely not significantly impact the burdens due to 
low occurrence, but BOEM would account for the change in the burden 
table.
Base Financial Assurance and Supplemental Financial Assurance
    Proposed Sec.  556.901(d) relates to BOEM's determination of 
whether supplemental financial assurance is necessary to ensure 
compliance with the obligations under a lease. New proposed Sec.  
556.901(d)(1) would base this determination on an issuer credit rating 
or a proxy credit rating determined by BOEM based on audited financial 
information.
    New Sec.  556.901(d)(2) provides that BOEM would consider the 
issuer credit rating or proxy credit rating of a co-lessee, and new 
Sec.  556.901(d)(3) provides that BOEM would consider the net present 
value of proved oil and gas reserves on the lease. Lessees' submission 
of information on proved reserves would account for additional annual 
burden hours. The lessee would not need to submit proved reserve 
information if supplemental financial assurance is not required based 
on its issuer credit rating or proxy credit rating, or those of its co-
lessees.
    The existing OMB-approved hour burden for each respondent to 
prepare and submit the information for the existing evaluation criteria 
requirements is 3.5 hours. In this proposed rule, the revision of the 
evaluation criteria would likely result in requiring less time for the 
respondents to prepare and submit the information, particularly for 
issuer credit rating. If companies choose to demonstrate that the net 
present value of proved oil and gas reserves on the lease exceeds three 
times the decommissioning cost associated with production of those 
reserves, then the time necessary for companies to prepare and submit 
information on the proved oil and gas reserves would likely be greater 
than 3.5 hours. Therefore, BOEM proposes to retain the average 3.5-hour 
burden to reflect the decrease in time required to prepare and submit 
issuer credit ratings and audited financials and the increase in time 
required for preparing and submitting information on proved reserves. 
When the final rule becomes effective, the related burden hours for all 
respondents (lessee, co-lessee, grant holder, and co-grant holder) 
would be included in OMB Control Number 1010-0006.
    The OMB-approved number of respondents who currently submit 
financial information under the existing provision is 166 respondents. 
Recently, BOEM has seen the number of leases decrease in the Gulf of 
Mexico. BOEM estimates the new number of respondents would be between 
150 and 160 respondents. For this request, BOEM will use the higher 
number of 160 respondents (-6 respondents). This number will be 
reviewed during the next IC renewal process. When the final rule 
becomes effective, BOEM will include the new number of respondents in 
OMB Control Number 1010-0006.
    The existing OMB-approved annual burden hours for Sec.  556.901 
related to demonstrating financial worth/ability to carry out present 
and future financial obligations is 581 hours (166 respondents x 3.5 
hours). With the changes provided in the proposed rule and described 
above, BOEM estimates that the annual hour burden would decrease by 
approximately 21 annual burden hours, and total annual burden hours 
would be 560 hours (160 respondents x 3.5 hours). This decrease in 
annual burden hours would be reflected in OMB Control Number 1010-0006 
when the final rule becomes effective.
    BOEM proposes to add paragraph (h) to Sec.  556.901 to establish 
the limited opportunity to provide the required supplemental financial 
assurance demanded in three installments during the first 3 years after 
the effective date of this regulation. This provision would establish 
the timing and proportions of phased supplemental financial assurance 
that would be required in each installment. The lessee would have the 
option to submit the supplemental financial assurance once or in 
installments. If the lessee chooses to provide supplemental financial 
assurance in installments, the number of submissions of supplemental 
financial assurance would likely increase, but only for the first 3 
years after the effective date of this regulation. OMB has currently 
approved 45 annual burden hours for supplemental financial assurance 
submissions (135 submissions which take 20 minutes each to submit). 
BOEM estimates the burden hours for the proposed installment 
submissions provision to be 135 annual burden hours (405 submissions x 
20 minutes), which is an increase of 90 hours over existing OMB 
approval.
General Requirements for Bonds and Other Financial Assurance
    The scope of proposed Sec.  556.902(a) would include ``grant 
holder'' and financial assurance posted under the requirements of 30 
CFR part 550. This change would clarify that the same general 
requirements for financial assurance provided by lessees, operating 
rights owners, or operators also apply to financial assurance provided 
by RUE and pipeline ROW grant holders. BOEM proposes to keep the 
burdens the same as the existing OMB burdens.
Decommissioning Accounts
    Proposed revisions to Sec.  556.904 would allow the Regional 
Director to authorize a RUE grant holder and a pipeline ROW grant 
holder, as well as a lessee, to establish a decommissioning account as 
supplemental financial assurance required under Sec.  556.901(d), or 
550.166(b) or 550.1011(d). Because this change represents a new 
opportunity for grant holders, there are no existing burdens related to 
this provision under the current OMB approval. BOEM is capturing the 
requirement to establish decommissioning accounts in the burden table. 
BOEM estimates 24 annual burden hours for grant holders and/or lessees 
to establish their decommissioning account.
    A new provision is proposed under Sec.  556.904(a)(3), which would 
require immediate submission of a surety bond or other financial 
assurance in the amount equal to the remaining unsecured portion of the 
supplemental financial assurance demand if the initial payment or any 
scheduled payment into the decommissioning account is not timely made. 
In the context of paperwork-burden, this provision replaces the 
existing provision that requires submission of binding instructions. 
The annual burden hours will remain the same but will shift to the 
proposed requirement and would be reflected in OMB Control Number 1010-
0006.
Third-Party Guarantees
    Proposed Sec.  556.905(a) relates to the guarantor's ability to 
carry out present

[[Page 42167]]

and future obligations. Proposed Sec.  556.905(a)(2) would require the 
guarantor to submit a third-party guarantee agreement. Paragraph (d) 
would provide that the terms which the existing regulation requires for 
indemnity agreements must be included in a third-party guarantee 
agreement. This change is to avoid any inference that the government 
must incur the expenses of decommissioning before being indemnified by 
the guarantor. It is a change of the name of the agreement and does not 
change the associated burden.
    Proposed Sec.  556.905(c)(2) would eliminate the requirement that a 
lessee must cease production until supplemental financial assurance 
coverage requirements are met when a guarantor becomes unqualified. The 
regulatory provision would be replaced with a requirement to 
immediately submit and maintain a substitute surety bond or other 
financial assurance. Both the existing and proposed provisions require 
the lessee to provide replacement surety bond coverage; however, BOEM's 
current OMB Control Number 1010-0006 does not quantify the burdens. 
Therefore, BOEM would add approximately 8 annual burden hours to OMB 
Control Number 1010-0006 for any lessee whose guarantor became 
unqualified.
    Proposed Sec.  556.905(b) would remove the requirement that a 
guarantee ensure compliance with all lessees' or grant holders' 
obligations and the obligations of all operators on the lease or grant. 
This revision would allow a third-party guarantor to limit the 
obligations covered by the third-party guarantee. In some situations, 
this change could result in additional paperwork burden due to 
additional surety bonds or other financial assurance that must be 
provided to BOEM to cover obligations previously covered by a third-
party guarantee. BOEM estimates the number of additional financial 
assurance demands resulting from this revision to be low and the annual 
burdens would be included in the existing burden estimates for OMB 
Control Number 1010-0006, and revised in future IC requests, if needed.
    Proposed Sec.  556.905 would replace the indemnity agreement with a 
third-party guarantee agreement with comparable provisions. This change 
would not impact annual burden hours. Proposed Sec.  556.905(e) would 
provide that a lessee or grant holder and the guarantor under a third-
party guarantee may request BOEM to cancel a third-party guarantee. 
BOEM would cancel a third-party guarantee under the same terms and 
conditions provided for cancellation of additional surety bonds in 
proposed Sec.  556.906(d)(2). The current OMB-approved burden under 
Sec. Sec.  556.905(d) and 556.906 is 189 annual burden hours. BOEM 
proposes to keep the burdens the same as the current OMB approved 
burdens at 189 annual burden hours.
Termination of the Period of Liability and Cancellation of Financial 
Assurance
    Proposed Sec.  556.906(d)(2) would be revised to add additional 
circumstances when BOEM may cancel supplemental financial assurance. 
Proposed Sec.  556.906(d)(2) would require a cancellation request from 
the lessee or grant holder, or the surety, based on assertions that one 
of the stated circumstances is present. BOEM already receives these 
types of requests and has approved the requests, where warranted, as a 
departure from the regulations. These burdens are already counted in 
the existing OMB burden estimate for OMB Control Number 1010-0006.
    If this proposed rule becomes effective and OMB approves the 
information, BOEM would revise the existing OMB control numbers to 
reflect the changes. The IC does not include questions of a sensitive 
nature. BOEM will protect proprietary information according to the 
Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552) and DOI implementing 
regulations (43 CFR part 2), 30 CFR 556.104, Information collection and 
proprietary information, and 30 CFR 550.197, Data and information to be 
made available to the public or for limited inspection.
    The PRA requires agencies to estimate the total annual reporting 
and recordkeeping non-hour cost burden resulting from the collection of 
information, and we solicit your comments on this item. For reporting 
and recordkeeping only, your response should split the cost estimate 
into two components: (1) total capital and startup cost component; and 
(2) annual operation, maintenance, and purchase of service component. 
Your estimates should consider the cost to generate, maintain, and 
disclose or provide the information. You should describe the methods 
you use to estimate major cost factors, including system and technology 
acquisition, expected useful life of capital equipment, discount 
rate(s), and the period over which you incur costs. Generally, your 
estimates should not include equipment or services purchased: (1) 
before October 1, 1995; (2) to comply with requirements not associated 
with the information collection; (3) for reasons other than to provide 
information or keep records for the Government; or (4) as part of 
customary and usual business or private practices.
    As part of our continuing effort to reduce paperwork and respondent 
burdens, we invite the public and other Federal agencies to comment on 
any aspect of this information collection, including:
    (1) Is the proposed information collection necessary or useful for 
BOEM to properly perform its functions?
    (2) Are the estimated annual burden hour increases and decreases 
resulting from the proposed rule reasonable?
    (3) Is the estimated annual non-hour cost burden resulting from 
this information collection reasonable?
    (4) Do you have any suggestions that would enhance the quality, 
clarity, or usefulness of the information to be collected?
    (5) Is there a way to minimize the information collection burden on 
those who must respond, such as by using appropriate automated digital, 
electronic, mechanical, or other forms of information technology?
    Send your comments and suggestions on this information collection 
by the date indicated in the DATES section to the Desk Officer for the 
Department of the Interior at OMB-OIRA at (202) 395-5806 (fax) or via 
the www.reginfo.gov portal (online). You may view the information 
collection request(s) at http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. 
Please provide a copy of your comments to the BOEM Information 
Collection Clearance Officer (see the ADDRESSES section). You may 
contact Anna Atkinson, BOEM Information Collection Clearance Officer at 
(703) 787-1025 with any questions. Please reference Risk Management, 
Financial Assurance and Loss Prevention (OMB Control No. 1010-0006), in 
your comments.

J. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

    A detailed environmental analysis under NEPA is not required 
because the proposed rule is covered by a categorical exclusion (see 43 
CFR 46.205). This proposed rule meets the criteria set forth at 43 CFR 
46.210(i) for a Departmental categorical exclusion in that this 
proposed rule is ``of an administrative, financial, legal, technical, 
or procedural nature.'' We have also determined that the proposed rule 
does not involve any of the extraordinary circumstances listed in 43 
CFR 46.215 that would require further analysis under NEPA.

[[Page 42168]]

K. Data Quality Act

    In developing this proposed rule, we did not conduct or use a 
study, experiment, or survey requiring peer review under the Data 
Quality Act (Pub. L. 106-554, app. C, sec. 515, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-
153-154).

L. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    Under Executive Order 13211, agencies are required to prepare and 
submit to OMB a Statement of Energy Effects for ``significant energy 
actions.'' This should include a detailed statement of any adverse 
effects on energy supply, distribution, or use (including a shortfall 
in supply, price increases, and increased use of foreign supplies) 
expected to result from the action and a discussion of reasonable 
alternatives and their effects.
    This action, which is a significant regulatory action under 
Executive Order 12866,\19\ is likely to have a significant effect on 
the supply, distribution, or use of energy. BOEM has prepared a 
Statement of Energy Effects for this action. BOEM estimates that 
stronger supplemental financial assurance requirements will increase 
compliance costs for non-investment grade companies operating on the 
OCS by approximately $319 million annually (7 percent discounting). 
Pursuant to OMB's memorandum M-01-27,\20\ BOEM recognizes that this 
action may ``adversely affect[ ] in a material way the productivity, 
competition, or prices in the energy sector.'' By increasing industry 
compliance costs, the regulation could adversely make the U.S. offshore 
oil and gas sector less attractive than regions with lower operating 
costs. Additionally, increased costs may depress the value of offshore 
assets or cause continuing production to become uneconomic sooner, 
leading to shorter-than-otherwise useful life and potentially a loss of 
production. For additional discussion on the energy effects and 
regulatory alternatives, please refer to the IRIA for this proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ According to E.O. 31211, ``For purposes of this order: (a) 
``Regulation'' and ``rule'' have the same meaning as they do in 
Executive Order 12866 or any successor order. (b) ``Significant 
energy action'' means any action by an agency (normally published in 
the Federal Register) that promulgates or is expected to lead to the 
promulgation of a final rule or regulation, including notices of 
inquiry, advance notices of proposed rulemaking, and notices of 
proposed rulemaking: (1)(i) that is a significant regulatory action 
under Executive Order 12866 or any successor order,''.
    \20\ https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2001-M-01-27-Guidance-for-Implementing-E.O.-13211.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

M. Clarity of This Regulation

    BOEM is required by Executive Order 12866, Executive Order 12988, 
and by the Presidential memorandum of June 1, 1998, to write all rules 
in plain language. This means that each rule BOEM publishes must:
    (1) Be logically organized;
    (2) Use the active voice to address readers directly;
    (3) Use clear language rather than jargon;
    (4) Be divided into short sections and sentences; and
    (5) Use lists and tables wherever possible.
    If you feel that BOEM has not met these requirements, send comments 
by one of the methods listed in the ADDRESSES section. To better help 
BOEM revise the proposed rule, your comments should be as specific as 
possible. For example, you should specify the numbers of the sections 
or paragraphs that you find unclear, which sections or sentences are 
too long, and the sections where you feel lists or tables would be 
useful.

List of Subjects

30 CFR Part 550

    Administrative practice and procedure, Continental shelf, 
Government contracts, Investigations, Mineral resources, Oil and gas 
exploration, Oil pollution, Outer continental shelf, Penalties, 
Pipelines, Public lands--rights-of-way, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Rights-of-way, Sulfur.

30 CFR Part 556

    Administrative practice and procedure, Continental shelf, 
Environmental protection, Government contracts, Intergovernmental 
relations, Mineral resources, Oil and gas exploration, Outer 
continental shelf, Public lands, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Rights-of-way.

30 CFR Part 590

    Administrative practice and procedure.

Laura Daniel-Davis,
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Land and Minerals Management.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Bureau of Ocean Energy 
Management (BOEM) proposes to amend 30 CFR chapter V as follows:

PART 550--OIL AND GAS AND SULFUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER 
CONTINENTAL SHELF

0
1. The authority citation for part 550 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 30 U.S.C. 1751; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 43 U.S.C. 1334

0
2. Revise the heading to part 550 to read as set forth above.

Subpart A--General

0
3. Amend Sec.  550.101 by revising the introductory paragraph to read 
as follows:


Sec.  550.101  Authority and applicability.

    The Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) authorized the Bureau of 
Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) to regulate oil, gas, and sulfur 
exploration, development, and production operations on the Outer 
Continental Shelf (OCS). Under the Secretary's authority, the Director 
requires that all operations:
* * * * *
0
4. Amend Sec.  550.102 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(16) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  550.102  What does this part do?

    (a) This part contains the regulations of the BOEM Offshore program 
that govern oil, gas, and sulfur exploration, development, and 
production operations on the OCS. When you conduct operations on the 
OCS, you must submit requests, applications, and notices, or provide 
supplemental information for BOEM approval.
    (b) * * *

       Table--Where To Find Information for Conducting Operations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           For information about                      Refer to
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                * * * * *
(16) Sulfur operations....................  30 CFR part 250, subpart P.
 
                                * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
5. Amend Sec.  550.105 by:
0
a. Adding the definition ``Assign'' in alphabetical order;
0
b. Revising the definitions ``Criteria air pollutant'' and 
``Development geological and geophysical (G&G) activities'';
0
c. Removing the definition ``Easement'';
0
d. Revising the definitions ``Exploration'' and ``Facility'';
0
e. Adding the definition ``Financial assurance'' in alphabetical order;

[[Page 42169]]

0
d. Revising the definition ``Geological and geophysical (G&G) 
exploration'';
0
e. Adding the definitions ``Investment grade credit rating'' and 
``Issuer credit rating'' in alphabetical order;
0
f. Revising the definitions ``Minerals'', ``Nonattainment area'', 
``Pipelines'', and ``Production areas'';
0
g. Removing the definition ``Right-of-use'';
0
h. Adding the definition ``Right-of-Use and Easement (RUE)'' in 
alphabetical order;
0
i. Removing the definition ``Right-of-way pipelines'';
0
j. Adding the definition ``Right-of-way (ROW) pipelines'';
0
k. Adding the definition ``Transfer'' in alphabetical order;
0
l. Revising the definition ``You'';
0
m. Adding the definition ``Waste of oil, gas, or sulfur'' in 
alphabetical order; and
0
n. Removing the definition ``Waste of oil, gas, or sulphur.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  550.105  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Assign means to convey an ownership interest in an oil, gas, or 
sulfur lease, ROW grant or RUE grant. For the purposes of this part, 
``assign'' is synonymous with ``transfer'' and the two terms are used 
interchangeably.
* * * * *
    Criteria air pollutant means any air pollutant for which the United 
States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has established a 
primary or secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) 
pursuant to section 109 of the Clean Air Act.
* * * * *
    Development geological and geophysical (G&G) activities means those 
G&G and related data-gathering activities on your lease or unit that 
you conduct following discovery of oil, gas, or sulfur in paying 
quantities to detect or imply the presence of oil, gas, or sulfur in 
commercial quantities.
* * * * *
    Exploration means the commercial search for oil, gas, or sulfur. 
Activities classified as exploration include but are not limited to:
    (1) Geophysical and geological (G&G) surveys using magnetic, 
gravity, seismic reflection, seismic refraction, gas sniffers, coring, 
or other systems to detect or imply the presence of oil, gas, or 
sulfur; and
    (2) Any drilling conducted for the purpose of searching for 
commercial quantities of oil, gas, and sulfur, including the drilling 
of any additional well needed to delineate any reservoir to enable the 
lessee to decide whether to proceed with development and production.
    Facility, as used in Sec.  550.303, means all installations or 
devices permanently or temporarily attached to the seabed. They include 
mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs), even while operating in the 
``tender assist'' mode (i.e., with skid-off drilling units) or other 
vessels engaged in drilling or downhole operations. They are used for 
exploration, development, and production activities for oil, gas, or 
sulfur and emit or have the potential to emit any air pollutant from 
one or more sources. They include all floating production systems 
(FPSs), including column-stabilized-units (CSUs); floating production, 
storage and offloading facilities (FPSOs); tension-leg platforms 
(TLPs); spars, etc. During production, multiple installations or 
devices are a single facility if the installations or devices are at a 
single site. Any vessel used to transfer production from an offshore 
facility is part of the facility while it is physically attached to the 
facility.
    Financial assurance means a surety bond, a pledge of Treasury 
securities, a decommissioning account, a third-party guarantee, or 
another form of security acceptable to the BOEM Regional Director, that 
is used to ensure compliance with obligations under the regulations and 
under the terms of a lease, a RUE grant, or a pipeline ROW grant.
* * * * *
    Geological and geophysical (G&G) explorations means those G&G 
surveys on your lease or unit that use seismic reflection, seismic 
refraction, magnetic, gravity, gas sniffers, coring, or other systems 
to detect or imply the presence of oil, gas, or sulfur in commercial 
quantities.
* * * * *
    Investment grade credit rating means an issuer credit rating of 
BBB- or higher, or its equivalent, assigned to an issuer of corporate 
debt by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) 
as that term defined by the United States Securities and Exchange 
Commission (SEC).
    Issuer credit rating means a credit rating assigned to an issuer of 
corporate debt by Standard and Poor's (S&P) Ratings Services (or any of 
its subsidiaries), by Moody's Investors Service Incorporated (or any of 
its subsidiaries) or by another NRSRO, as that term is defined by the 
United States SEC.
* * * * *
    Minerals include oil, gas, sulfur, geopressured-geothermal and 
associated resources, and all other minerals that are authorized by an 
Act of Congress to be produced.
* * * * *
    Nonattainment area means, for any criteria air pollutant, an area 
which is show by monitored data or which is calculated by air quality 
modeling (or other methods determined by the Administrator of the USEPA 
to be reliable) to exceed any primary or secondary NAAQS established by 
the USEPA.
* * * * *
    Pipelines are the piping, risers, and appurtenances installed for 
transporting oil, gas, sulfur, and produced waters.
* * * * *
    Production areas are those areas where flammable petroleum gas, 
volatile liquids or sulfur are produced, processed (e.g., compressed), 
stored, transferred (e.g., pumped), or otherwise handled before 
entering the transportation process.
* * * * *
    Right-of-Use and Easement (RUE) means a right to use a portion of 
the seabed, at an OCS site other than on a lease you own, to construct, 
secure to the seafloor, use, modify, or maintain platforms, seafloor 
production equipment, artificial islands, facilities, installations, or 
other devices to support the exploration, development, or production of 
oil, gas, or sulfur resources from an OCS lease or a lease on State 
submerged lands adjacent to or accessible from the OCS.
    Right-of-way (ROW) pipelines are those pipelines that are contained 
within:
    (1) The boundaries of a single lease or unit, but are not owned and 
operated by a lessee or operator of that lease or unit;
    (2) The boundaries of contiguous (not cornering) leases that do not 
have a common lessee or operator;
    (3) The boundaries of contiguous (not cornering) leases that have a 
common lessee or operator but are not owned and operated by that common 
lessee or operator; or
    (4) An unleased block(s).
* * * * *
    Transfer means to convey an ownership interest in an oil, gas, or 
sulfur lease, ROW grant or RUE grant. For the purposes of this part, 
``transfer'' is synonymous with ``assign'' and the two terms are used 
interchangeably.
* * * * *
    You, depending on the context of the regulations, means a bidder, a 
lessee (record title owner), a sublessee

[[Page 42170]]

(operating rights owner), a Federal or State RUE grant holder, a 
pipeline ROW grant holder, an assignor or transferor, a designated 
operator or agent of the lessee or grant holder, or an applicant 
seeking to become one of the above.
    Waste of oil, gas, or sulfur means:
    (1) The physical waste of oil, gas, or sulfur;
    (2) The inefficient, excessive, or improper use, or the unnecessary 
dissipation of reservoir energy;
    (3) The locating, spacing, drilling, equipping, operating, or 
producing of any oil, gas, or sulfur well(s) in a manner that causes or 
tends to cause a reduction in the quantity of oil, gas, or sulfur 
ultimately recoverable under prudent and proper operations or that 
causes or tends to cause unnecessary or excessive surface loss or 
destruction of oil or gas; or
    (4) The inefficient storage of oil.
* * * * *
0
6. Amend Sec.  550.160 by
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Revising the introductory text; and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (a) introductory text, (b), and (c).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  550.160  When will BOEM grant me a right-of-use and easement 
(RUE), and what requirements must I meet?

    BOEM may grant you a RUE on leased or unleased lands on the OCS, if 
you meet these requirements:
    (a) You must require the RUE to construct, secure to the seafloor, 
use, modify, or maintain platforms, seafloor production equipment, 
artificial islands, facilities, installations, or other devices at an 
OCS site other than an OCS lease you own, that are:
* * * * *
    (b) You must exercise the RUE according to the terms of the grant 
and the regulations of this part, as well as the regulations in 30 CFR 
part 250, subpart Q.
    (c) You must meet the qualification requirements at 30 CFR 556.400 
through 556.402 and the financial assurance requirements in Sec.  
550.166 and 30 CFR part 556, subpart I.
* * * * *
0
7. Revise Sec.  550.166 to read as follows:


Sec.  550.166  If BOEM grants me a RUE, what financial assurance must I 
provide?

    (a) Before BOEM grants you a RUE on the OCS, you must maintain 
financial assurance of $500,000 that guarantees compliance with the 
regulations and the terms and conditions of the RUEs you hold.
    (1) You are not required to submit and maintain the financial 
assurance of $500,000 pursuant to this paragraph (a) if you furnish and 
maintain area-wide lease financial assurance in excess of $500,000 
pursuant to 30 CFR 556.901(a), provided that the area-wide lease 
financial assurance also guarantees compliance with all the terms and 
conditions of the RUEs you hold.
    (2) The Regional Director may reduce the amount required in this 
paragraph (a) upon a determination that the reduced amount is 
sufficient to guarantee compliance with the regulations and the terms 
and conditions of the RUE grant.
    (3) The requirements for financial assurance in 30 CFR 556.900(d) 
through (g) and 30 CFR 556.902 apply to the financial assurance 
required under this paragraph (a).
    (b) If BOEM grants you a RUE that serves either an OCS lease or a 
State lease, the Regional Director may require supplemental financial 
assurance, above the amount required by paragraph (a) of this section, 
to ensure compliance with the obligations under your RUE grant based on 
an evaluation of your ability to carry out present and future 
obligations on the RUE using the criteria set forth in 30 CFR 
556.901(d)(1) and (2). This supplemental financial assurance must:
    (1) Meet the requirements of 30 CFR 556.900(d) through (g) and 30 
CFR 556.902; and
    (2) Cover costs and liabilities for compliance with regulations, 
compliance with BOEM and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental 
Enforcement (BSEE) orders, and well abandonment, platform and structure 
removal, and site clearance of the seafloor of the RUE, in accordance 
with the regulations at 30 CFR part 250, subpart Q.
    (c) If you fail to replace any deficient financial assurance upon 
demand or fail to provide supplemental financial assurance upon demand, 
the Regional Director may:
    (1) Assess penalties under subpart N of this part;
    (2) Request BSEE to suspend operations on your RUE; and/or
    (3) Initiate action for cancellation of your RUE grant.
0
8. Add Sec.  550.167 under the undesignated center heading ``Right-of-
Use and Easement'' to read as follows:


Sec.  550.167  How may I obtain or assign my interest in a RUE?

    (a) To obtain or assign a RUE, you must file an application and 
provide the information contained in Sec.  550.161 and you must obtain 
BOEM's approval.
    (b) BOEM may disapprove an assignment in the following 
circumstances:
    (1) When the assignee has unsatisfied obligations under the 
regulations in this chapter or in 30 CFR chapters II or XII, or under 
any BOEM or BSEE order;
    (2) When an assignment is not acceptable as to form or content 
(e.g., containing incorrect legal description, not executed by a person 
authorized to bind the corporation, assignee does not meet the 
requirements of 30 CFR 556.401 through 556.405);
    (3) When the assignment does not comply with or would conflict with 
these regulations, or any other applicable laws or regulations (e.g., 
Departmental debarment rules);
    (4) When the assignee does not meet the applicable financial 
assurance requirements in Sec.  550.166 and 30 CFR 556.900 through 
556.907, or an order issued thereunder, with respect to the interest 
being assigned.
0
9. Amend Sec.  550.199 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  550.199  Paperwork Reduction Act statements--information 
collection.

* * * * *
    (b) Respondents are OCS oil, gas, and sulfur lessees and operators. 
The requirement to respond to the information collections in this part 
is mandated under the Act (43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.) and the Act's 
Amendments of 1978 (43 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). Some responses are also 
required to obtain or retain a benefit or may be voluntary. Proprietary 
information will be protected under Sec.  550.197, Data and information 
to be made available to the public or for limited inspection; 30 CFR 
parts 551 and 552; and the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552) 
and its implementing regulations at 43 CFR part 2.
* * * * *

Subpart J--Pipelines and Pipeline Rights-of-Way

0
10. Revise Sec.  550.1011 to read as follows:


Sec.  550.1011  Financial assurance requirements for pipeline right-of-
way (ROW) grant holders.

    (a) When you apply for, attempt to assign, or are the holder of a 
pipeline right-of-way (ROW) grant, you must furnish and maintain 
$300,000 of area-wide financial assurance that guarantees compliance 
with the regulations and the terms and conditions of all the pipeline 
ROW grants you hold in an OCS area as defined in 30 CFR 556.900(b). The 
requirement to furnish and maintain area-wide financial assurance for a 
pipeline ROW grant is separate and distinct from the requirement to 
provide financial assurance for a lease or right-of-use and easement 
(RUE).

[[Page 42171]]

    (b) The requirement to furnish and maintain area-wide pipeline ROW 
financial assurance under paragraph (a) of this section may be 
satisfied if your operator or a co-grant holder provides such financial 
assurance in the required amount that guarantees compliance with the 
regulations and the terms and conditions of the grant.
    (c) The requirements for lease financial assurance in 30 CFR 
556.900(d) through (g) and 30 CFR 556.902 apply to the area-wide 
financial assurance required in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (d) The Regional Director, using the criteria set forth in 30 CFR 
556.901(d)(1) and (2), may require supplemental financial assurance 
(i.e., above the amount required by paragraph (a) of this section) to 
ensure compliance with the obligations under your pipeline right-of-way 
grant based on an evaluation of your ability to carry out present and 
future obligations on the pipeline ROW.
    (e) The supplemental financial assurance required under paragraph 
(d) of this section must:
    (1) Meet the requirements of 30 CFR 556.900(d) through (g) and 30 
CFR 556.902, and
    (2) Cover costs and liabilities for regulatory compliance and 
compliance with BOEM and BSEE orders, decommissioning of all pipelines 
or other facilities, and clearance from the seafloor of all 
obstructions created by your pipeline ROW operations in accordance with 
the regulations at 30 CFR part 250, subpart Q.
    (f) If you fail to replace any deficient financial assurance upon 
demand or fail to provide supplemental financial assurance upon demand, 
the Regional Director may:
    (1) Assess penalties under subpart N of this part;
    (2) Request BSEE to suspend operations on your pipeline ROW; and/or
    (3) Initiate action for forfeiture of your pipeline ROW grant in 
accordance with 30 CFR 250.1013.

PART 556--LEASING OF SULFUR OR OIL AND GAS AND FINANCIAL ASSURANCE 
REQUIREMENTS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF

0
11. The authority citation for part 556 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 31 U.S.C. 9701; 42 U.S.C. 6213; 43 U.S.C. 1334.

0
12. Revise the heading to part 556 to read as set forth above.

Subpart A--General Provisions

0
13. Amend Sec.  556.105 by:
0
a. In paragraph (a), removing the acronym ``EPA''; and
0
b. In paragraph (b):
0
i. Adding the definition ``Assign'' in alphabetical order;
0
ii. Revising the definition ``Eastern Planning Area'';
0
iii. Adding the definitions ``Financial assurance'', ``Investment grade 
credit rating'', and ``Issuer credit rating'' in alphabetical order;
0
iv. Revising the definition ``Right-of-Use and Easement (RUE)'';
0
v. Removing the definition ``Security or securities'';
0
vi. Adding the definition ``Transfer''; and
0
vii. Revising the definition ``You''.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  556.105  Acronyms and definitions.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    Assign means to convey an ownership interest in an oil, gas, or 
sulfur lease, ROW grant or RUE grant. For the purposes of this part, 
``assign'' is synonymous with ``transfer'' and the two terms are used 
interchangeably.
* * * * *
    Eastern Planning Area means that portion of the Gulf of Mexico that 
lies southerly and westerly of Florida.
* * * * *
    Financial assurance means a surety bond, a pledge of Treasury 
securities, a decommissioning account, a third-party guarantee, or 
another form of security acceptable to the BOEM Regional Director, that 
is used to ensure compliance with obligations under the regulations and 
under the terms of a lease, a RUE grant, or a pipeline ROW grant.
* * * * *
    Investment grade credit rating means an issuer credit rating of 
BBB- or higher, or its equivalent, assigned to an issuer of corporate 
debt by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) 
as that term defined by the United States Securities and Exchange 
Commission (SEC).
* * * * *
    Issuer credit rating means a credit rating assigned to an issuer of 
corporate debt by Standard and Poor's (S&P) Rating Services (or any of 
its subsidiaries), by Moody's Investors Service Incorporated (or any of 
its subsidiaries), or by another NRSRO as that term is defined by the 
United States SEC.
* * * * *
    Right-of-Use and Easement (RUE) means a right to use a portion of 
the seabed at an OCS site other than on a lease you own, to construct, 
secure to the seafloor, use, modify, or maintain platforms, seafloor 
production equipment, artificial islands, facilities, installations, or 
other devices to support the exploration, development, or production of 
oil, gas, or sulfur resources from an OCS lease or a lease on State 
submerged lands adjacent to or accessible from the OCS.
* * * * *
    Transfer means to convey an ownership interest in an oil, gas, or 
sulfur lease, ROW grant or RUE grant. For the purposes of this part, 
``transfer'' is synonymous with ``assign'' and the two terms are used 
interchangeably.
* * * * *
    You, depending on the context of the regulations, means a bidder, a 
lessee (record title owner), a sublessee (operating rights owner), a 
Federal or State RUE grant holder, a pipeline ROW grant holder, an 
assignor or transferor, a designated operator or agent of the lessee or 
grant holder, or an applicant seeking to become one of the above.

Subpart G--Transferring All or Part of the Record Title Interest in 
a Lease

0
14. Amend Sec.  556.704 by revising the section heading, and paragraphs 
(a) introductory text and (a)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  556.704  When may BOEM disapprove an assignment or sublease of an 
interest in my lease?

    (a) BOEM may disapprove an assignment or sublease of all or part of 
your lease interest(s):
    (1) When the transferor, transferee, or sublessee is not in 
compliance with all applicable regulations and orders, including 
financial assurance requirements;
* * * * *

Subpart H--Transferring All or Part of the Operating Rights in a 
Lease

0
15. Amend Sec.  556.802 by revising the section heading, introductory 
text, and paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  556.802  When may BOEM disapprove the transfer of all or part of 
my operating rights interest?

    BOEM may disapprove a transfer of all or part of your operating 
rights interest:
    (a) When the transferee is not in compliance with all applicable 
regulations and orders, including financial assurance requirements;
* * * * *

[[Page 42172]]

Subpart I--Bonding or Other Financial Assurance

0
16. Amend Sec.  556.900 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading and introductory text;
0
b. Revising paragraph (a)(3), and adding paragraph (a)(4);
0
c. Revising paragraphs (g) introductory text and (h); and
0
d. Adding paragraph (i).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  556.900  Financial assurance requirements for an oil and gas or 
sulfur lease.

    This section establishes financial assurance requirements for the 
lessee of an OCS oil and gas or sulfur lease.
    (a) * * *
    (3) Maintain a lease or area-wide bond in the amount required in 
Sec.  556.901(a) or (b); and
    (4) Provide any supplemental financial assurance required by the 
Regional Director.
* * * * *
    (g) You may provide alternative types of financial assurance 
instead of providing a surety bond if the Regional Director determines 
that the alternative financial assurance protects the interests of the 
United States to the same extent as a surety bond.
* * * * *
    (h) If you fail to replace deficient financial assurance or to 
provide supplemental financial assurance upon demand, the Regional 
Director may:
    (1) Assess penalties under part 550, subpart N of this subchapter;
    (2) Request BSEE to suspend production and other operations on your 
lease in accordance with 30 CFR 250.173; and/or
    (3) Initiate action to cancel your lease.
    (i) In the event you amend your area-wide surety bond covering 
lease obligations, or obtain a new area-wide lease surety bond, to 
cover the financial assurance requirements for any RUE(s), your area-
wide lease surety bond may be called in whole or in part to cover any 
or all the obligations on which you default that are associated with 
your RUE(s) located in the area covered by such area-wide lease surety 
bond.
0
17. Amend Sec.  556.901 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (a)(1)(i);
0
c. Revising paragraphs (b) introductory text and (b)(1)(i);
0
d. Revising paragraphs (c) through (f); and
0
e. Adding paragraphs (g) and (h).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  556.901  Base financial assurance and supplemental financial 
assurance.

    (a) This paragraph (a) explains what financial assurance you must 
provide before lease exploration activities commence.
    (1) * * *
    (i) You must furnish the Regional Director $200,000 in lease 
exploration financial assurance that guarantees compliance with all the 
terms and conditions of the lease by the earliest of:
* * * * *
    (b) This paragraph (b) explains what financial assurance you must 
provide before lease development and production activities commence.
    (1) * * *
    (i) You must furnish the Regional Director $500,000 in lease 
development financial assurance that guarantees compliance with all the 
terms and conditions of the lease by the earliest of:
* * * * *
    (c) If you can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Regional 
Director that you can satisfy your decommissioning and other lease 
obligations for less than the amount of financial assurance required 
under paragraphs (a)(1) or (b)(1) of this section, the Regional 
Director may accept financial assurance in an amount less than the 
prescribed amount but not less than the amount of the cost for 
decommissioning.
    (d) The Regional Director may determine that supplemental financial 
assurance (i.e., financial assurance above the amounts prescribed in 30 
CFR 550.166(a), 30 CFR 550.1011(a), Sec.  556.900(a) or paragraphs (a) 
and (b) of this section) is required to ensure compliance with your 
lease obligations, including decommissioning obligations; the 
regulations in this chapter; and the regulations in 30 CFR chapters II 
and XII. The Regional Director may require you to provide supplemental 
financial assurance if you do not meet at least one of the following 
criteria:
    (1) You have an Investment grade issuer credit rating. If any SEC-
recognized NRSRO provides a credit rating that differs from any other 
SEC-recognized NRSRO credit rating, BOEM will apply the highest rating 
for the purposes of determining your financial assurance requirements.
    (2) You have a proxy credit rating determined by the Regional 
Director, which must be based on audited financial information for the 
most recent fiscal year (which must include an income statement, 
balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and the auditor's certificate).
    (i) The audited financial information for your most recent fiscal 
year must cover a continuous twelve-month period within the twenty-
four-month period prior to the lessee's receipt of the Regional 
Director's determination that you must provide supplemental financial 
assurance.
    (ii) In determining your proxy credit rating, the Regional Director 
may include the value of the contingent liabilities associated with any 
lease(s) or grants in which you have an ownership interest. Upon the 
request of the Regional Director, you must provide the information that 
the Regional Director determines is necessary to properly evaluate your 
contingent liabilities, including joint ownership interests and 
liabilities associated with your OCS leases and grants.
    (3) Your co-lessee or co-grant-holder has an issuer credit rating 
or a proxy credit rating that meets the criteria set forth in paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section; however, the Regional Director may require you 
to provide supplemental financial assurance for decommissioning 
obligations for which such co-lessee or co-grant-holder is not liable.
    (4) There are proved oil and gas reserves on the lease, as defined 
by the SEC Regulation S-X at 17 CFR 210.4-10 and SEC Regulation S-K at 
17 CFR 229.1200, the value of which exceeds three times the estimated 
cost of the decommissioning associated with the production of those 
reserves, and that value must be based on reserve reports submitted to 
the Regional Director and reported on a per-lease basis. BOEM will 
determine the decommissioning costs associated with the production of 
your reserves on a per-lease basis, and will use the following 
decommissioning cost estimates:
    (i) Where BSEE-generated probabilistic estimates are available, 
BOEM will use the estimate at the level at which there is a 70 percent 
probability that the actual cost of decommissioning will be less than 
the estimate (P70).
    (ii) If there is no BSEE probabilistic estimate available, BOEM 
will use the BSEE-generated deterministic estimate.
    (e) You may satisfy the Regional Director's demand for supplemental 
financial assurance by increasing the amount of your existing financial 
assurance or providing additional surety bonds or other types of 
acceptable financial assurance.
    (f) The Regional Director will determine the amount of supplemental 
financial assurance required to guarantee compliance. In making this 
determination, the Regional Director will consider potential 
underpayment of royalty and cumulative

[[Page 42173]]

decommissioning obligations using the methodology set forth in 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
    (g) If your cumulative potential obligations and liabilities either 
increase or decrease, the Regional Director may adjust the amount of 
supplemental financial assurance required.
    (1) If the Regional Director proposes an adjustment, the Regional 
Director will:
    (i) Notify you and your financial assurance provider of any 
proposed adjustment to the amount of financial assurance required; and
    (ii) Give you an opportunity to submit written or oral comment on 
the adjustment.
    (2) If you request a reduction of the amount of supplemental 
financial assurance required, or oppose the amount of a proposed 
adjustment, you must submit evidence to the Regional Director 
demonstrating that the projected amount of royalties due to the United 
States Government and the estimated costs of decommissioning are less 
than the required financial assurance amount. Upon review of your 
submission, the Regional Director may reduce the amount of financial 
assurance required.
    (h) At any time during the first three years from the effective 
date of this regulation, you may request that the Regional Director 
allow you to provide, in three equal installments payable according to 
the schedule provided under this paragraph (h), the full amount of 
supplemental financial assurance required.
    (1) If the Regional Director allows you to provide the amount 
required on such a phased basis, you must comply with the following:
    (i) You must provide the initial one-third of the total 
supplemental financial assurance required within the timeframe 
specified in the demand letter or, if no timeframe is specified, within 
60 calendar days of the date of receipt of the demand letter.
    (ii) You must provide the second one-third of the required 
supplemental financial assurance to BOEM within 24 months of the date 
of receipt of the demand letter.
    (iii) You must provide the final one-third of the required 
supplemental financial assurance to BOEM within 36 months of the date 
of receipt of the demand letter.
    (2) If the Regional Director allows you to meet your supplemental 
financial assurance requirement in a phased manner, as set forth in 
this section, and you fail to timely provide the required supplemental 
financial assurance to BOEM, the Regional Director will notify you of 
such failure. You will no longer be eligible to meet your supplemental 
financial assurance requirement in the manner prescribed in this 
paragraph (h), and the remaining amount due will become due 10-calendar 
days after such notification is received.
0
18. Amend Sec.  556.902 by revising the section heading, paragraphs (a) 
and (e)(2), and adding paragraphs (g) and (h) to read as follows:


Sec.  556.902  General requirements for bonds or other financial 
assurance.

    (a) Any surety bond or other financial assurance that you, as 
record title owner, operating rights owner, grant holder, or operator, 
provide under this part, or under 30 CFR part 550, must:
    (1) Be payable upon demand to the Regional Director;
    (2) Guarantee compliance with all your obligations under the lease 
or grant, the regulations under 30 CFR chapters II and XII, and all 
BOEM and BSEE orders; and
    (3) Guarantee compliance with the obligations of all record title 
owners, operating rights owners, and operators on the lease, and all 
grant-holders on a grant.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) A pledge of Treasury securities as provided in Sec.  
556.900(f).
* * * * *
    (g) If you believe that BOEM's supplemental financial assurance 
demand is unjustified, you may request an informal resolution of your 
dispute in accordance with the requirements of 30 CFR 590.6. Your 
request for an informal resolution will not affect your right to 
request to meet your supplemental financial assurance requirement in a 
phased manner under Sec.  556.901(h).
    (h) You may file an appeal of a supplemental financial assurance 
demand with the Interior Board of Land Appeals (IBLA) pursuant to the 
regulations in 30 CFR part 590. However, if you request that the IBLA 
stay the demand pending a final ruling on your appeal, you must post an 
appeal surety bond equal to the amount of the demand that you seek to 
stay before any such stay is effective.
0
19. Revise Sec.  556.903 to read as follows:


Sec.  556.903  Lapse of financial assurance.

    (a) If your surety, guarantor, or the financial institution holding 
or providing your financial assurance becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or 
has its charter or license suspended or revoked, any financial 
assurance coverage from such surety, guarantor, or financial 
institution must be replaced. You must notify the Regional Director 
within 7 calendar days of learning of such event, and, within 30 
calendar days of learning of such event, you must provide other 
financial assurance from a different financial assurance provider in 
the amount required under Sec. Sec.  556.900, 556.901, 30 CFR 550.166, 
or 30 CFR 550.1011.
    (b) You must notify the Regional Director within 72 hours of 
learning of any action filed alleging that you are insolvent or 
bankrupt or that your surety, guarantor, or financial institution is 
insolvent or bankrupt or has had its charter or license suspended or 
revoked. All surety bonds or other financial assurance must require the 
surety, guarantor, or financial institution to timely provide this 
required notification both to you and directly to BOEM.
0
20. Revise Sec.  556.904 to read as follows:


Sec.  556.904  Decommissioning accounts.

    (a) The Regional Director may authorize you to establish a 
decommissioning account(s) in a federally insured financial institution 
to satisfy a supplemental financial assurance demand made pursuant to 
Sec.  556.901(d), 30 CFR 550.166(b) or 30 CFR 550.1011(d). The 
decommissioning account must be set up in such a manner that funds may 
not be withdrawn without the written approval of the Regional Director.
    (1) Funds in the account must be pledged to meet your 
decommissioning obligations and payable upon demand to BOEM.
    (2) You must fully fund the account, pursuant to a schedule that 
the Regional Director prescribes, to cover all decommissioning costs 
estimated by BSEE.
    (3) If you fail to make the initial payment or any scheduled 
payment into the decommissioning account, you must immediately submit, 
and subsequently maintain, a surety bond or other financial assurance 
in an amount equal to the remaining unfulfilled portion of the 
supplemental financial assurance demand.
    (b) Any interest paid on funds in a decommissioning account will 
become part of the principal funds in the account unless the Regional 
Director authorizes in writing the payment of the interest to the party 
who deposits the funds.
    (c) The Regional Director may require you to create an overriding 
royalty, production payment obligation, or other revenue stream for the 
benefit of an account established as financial

[[Page 42174]]

assurance for the decommissioning of your lease(s) or RUE or pipeline 
right-of-way grant(s). The required obligation may be associated with 
oil and gas or sulfur production from a lease other than a lease or 
grant secured through the decommissioning account.
    (d) BOEM may provide funds from the decommissioning account to the 
liable party that performs the decommissioning to cover the costs 
thereof.
0
21. Revise Sec.  556.905 to read as follows:


Sec.  556.905  Third-party guarantees.

    (a) The Regional Director may accept a third-party guarantee to 
satisfy a supplemental financial assurance demand made pursuant to 
Sec.  556.901(d), 30 CFR 550.166(b), or 30 CFR 550.1011(d), if:
    (1) The guarantor meets the credit rating or proxy credit rating 
criterion set forth in Sec.  556.901(d)(1); and
    (2) The guarantor or guaranteed party submits a third-party 
guarantee agreement containing each of the provisions in paragraph (d) 
of this section.
    (b) A third-party guarantor may limit its cumulative obligations to 
a fixed dollar amount as agreed to by BOEM at the time the third-party 
guarantee is provided.
    (c) If, during the life of your third-party guarantee, your 
guarantor no longer meets the criterion referred to in paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section, you must, within 72 hours of so learning:
    (1) Notify the Regional Director; and
    (2) Submit, and subsequently maintain a surety bond or other 
financial assurance covering those obligations previously secured by 
the third-party guarantee.
    (d) Your third-party guarantee must contain each of the following 
provisions:
    (1) If you fail to comply with the terms of any lease or grant 
covered by the guarantee, or any applicable regulation, your guarantor 
must either:
    (i) Take corrective action to bring the lease or grant into 
compliance with its terms or any applicable regulation, to the extent 
covered by the guarantee; or
    (ii) Be liable under the third-party guarantee agreement to 
provide, within seven calendar days, sufficient funds for the Regional 
Director to complete such corrective action to the extent covered by 
the guarantee. Such payment does not result in the cancellation of the 
guarantee, and instead reduces the remaining value of the guarantee in 
an amount equal to the payment.
    (2) If your guarantor wishes to terminate the period of liability 
under its guarantee, it must:
    (i) Notify you and the Regional Director at least 90-calendar days 
before the proposed termination date;
    (ii) Obtain the Regional Director's approval for the termination of 
the period of liability for all or a specified portion of the 
guarantee; and
    (iii) Remain liable for all liabilities that accrued prior to the 
termination and responsible for all work and workmanship performed 
during the period of liability.
    (3) Before the termination of the period of liability of the third-
party guarantee, you must provide acceptable replacement financial 
assurance.
    (e) If you or your guarantor request BOEM to cancel your third-
party guarantee, BOEM will cancel the guarantee under the same terms 
and conditions provided for cancellation of supplemental financial 
assurance and return of pledged financial assurance in Sec.  556.906, 
paragraphs (b) and/or (d)(3).
    (f) The guarantor or guaranteed party must submit a third-party 
guarantee agreement that meets the following criteria:
    (1) The third-party guarantee agreement must be executed by your 
guarantor and all persons and parties bound by the agreement.
    (2) The third-party guarantee agreement must bind, jointly and 
severally, each person and party executing the agreement.
    (3) When your guarantor is a corporate entity, two corporate 
officers who are authorized to bind the corporation must sign the 
third-party guarantee agreement.
    (g) Your corporate guarantor and any other corporate entities bound 
by the third-party guarantee agreement must provide the Regional 
Director copies of:
    (1) The authorization of the signatory corporate officials to bind 
their respective corporations;
    (2) An affidavit certifying that the agreement is valid under all 
applicable laws; and
    (3) Each corporation's corporate authorization to execute the 
third-party guarantee agreement.
    (h) If your third-party guarantor or another party bound by the 
third-party guarantee agreement is a partnership, joint venture, or 
syndicate, the third-party guarantee agreement must:
    (1) Bind each partner or party who has a beneficial interest in 
your guarantor; and
    (2) Provide that each member of the partnership, joint venture, or 
syndicate is jointly and severally liable for those obligations secured 
by the guarantee.
    (i) When forfeiture is called for under Sec.  556.907, the third-
party guarantee agreement must provide that your guarantor will either:
    (1) Take corrective action to bring your lease or grant into 
compliance with its terms, and the regulations, to the extent covered 
by the guarantee; or
    (2) Provide sufficient funds within seven calendar days to permit 
the Regional Director to complete such corrective action to the extent 
covered by the guarantee.
    (j) The third-party guarantee agreement must contain a confession 
of judgment. It must provide that, if the Regional Director determines 
that you are in default of the lease or grant covered by the guarantee 
or not in compliance with any regulation applicable to such lease or 
grant, the guarantor:
    (1) Will not challenge the determination; and
    (2) Will remedy the default to the extent covered by the guarantee.
    (k) Each third-party guarantee agreement is deemed to contain all 
terms and conditions contained in paragraphs (d), (f), and (j) of this 
section, even if the guarantor has omitted these terms from the third-
party guarantee agreement.
0
22. Revise Sec.  556.906 to read as follows:


Sec.  556.906  Termination of the period of liability and cancellation 
of financial assurance.

    This section defines the terms and conditions under which BOEM will 
terminate the period of liability of financial assurance. Terminating 
the period of liability ends the period during which obligations 
continue to accrue, but does not relieve the financial assurance 
provider of the responsibility for obligations that accrued during the 
period of liability. Canceling a financial assurance instrument 
relieves the financial assurance provider of all liability. The 
liabilities that accrue during a period of liability include 
obligations that started to accrue prior to the beginning of the period 
of liability and had not been met, and obligations that begin accruing 
during the period of liability.
    (a) When you or your financial assurance provider request 
termination:
    (1) The Regional Director will terminate the period of liability 
under your financial assurance within 90 calendar days after BOEM 
receives the request; and
    (2) If you intend to continue operations, or have not met all 
decommissioning obligations, you must provide replacement financial 
assurance of an equivalent amount.
    (b) If you provide replacement financial assurance, the Regional 
Director will cancel your previous

[[Page 42175]]

financial assurance and the previous financial assurance provider will 
not retain any liability, provided that:
    (1) The amount of the new financial assurance is equal to or 
greater than that of the financial assurance that was cancelled, or you 
provide an alternative form of financial assurance, and the Regional 
Director determines that the alternative form of financial assurance 
provides a level of security equal to or greater than that provided by 
the financial assurance that was cancelled;
    (2) For financial assurance submitted under Sec.  556.900(a), Sec.  
556.901(a) or (b), 30 CFR 550.166(a), or 30 CFR 550.1011(a) the new 
financial assurance provider agrees to assume all outstanding 
obligations that accrued during the period of liability that was 
terminated; and
    (3) For supplemental financial assurance submitted under Sec.  
556.901(d), 30 CFR 550.166(b), or 30 CFR 550.1011(d), the issuer of 
such financial assurance agrees to assume that portion of the 
outstanding obligations that accrued during the period of liability 
that was terminated and that the Regional Director determines may 
exceed the coverage of the base financial assurance. The Regional 
Director will notify the provider of the new financial assurance of the 
amount required.
    (c) This paragraph (c) applies if the period of liability is 
terminated, but the financial assurance is not replaced with an 
equivalent amount. The financial assurance provider will continue to be 
responsible for accrued obligations:
    (1) Until the obligations are satisfied; and
    (2) For additional periods of time in accordance with paragraph (d) 
of this section.
    (d) BOEM will cancel the financial assurance for your lease or 
grant, and the Regional Director will return any pledged financial 
assurance, as shown in the following:

                        Table 1 to Paragraph (d)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Your financial assurance will be
                                        reduced or cancelled, or your
        For the following:           pledged financial assurance will be
                                                  returned:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Financial assurance submitted   7 years after the lease or grant
 under Sec.   556.900(a), Sec.       expires or is terminated, 6 years
 556.901(a) or (b), 30 CFR           after the Regional Director
 550.166(a), or 30 CFR 550.1011(a).  determines that you have completed
                                     all covered obligations, or at the
                                     conclusion of any appeals or
                                     litigation related to your covered
                                     obligations, whichever is the
                                     latest. The Regional Director will
                                     reduce the amount of your financial
                                     assurance or return a portion of
                                     your pledged financial assurance if
                                     the Regional Director determines
                                     that you need less than the full
                                     amount of the financial assurance
                                     or pledged financial assurance to
                                     cover any potential obligations.
(2) Financial assurance submitted   (i) When the lease or grant expires
 under Sec.   556.901(d), 30 CFR     or is terminated and the Regional
 550.166(a), or 30 CFR 550.1011(d).  Director determines you have met
                                     your covered obligations, unless
                                     the Regional Director: (A)
                                     Determines that the future
                                     potential liability resulting from
                                     any undetected problem is greater
                                     than the amount of the financial
                                     assurance submitted under Sec.
                                     556.900(a), Sec.   556.901(a) or
                                     (b), 30 CFR 550.166(a), or 30 CFR
                                     550.1011(a); and
                                    (B) Notifies the provider of
                                     financial assurance submitted under
                                     Sec.   556.901(d), 30 CFR
                                     550.166(b), or 30 CFR 550.1011(d)
                                     that the Regional Director will
                                     wait 7 years before canceling all
                                     or a part of such financial
                                     assurance (or longer period as
                                     necessary to complete any appeals
                                     or judicial litigation related to
                                     your secured obligations).
                                    (ii) At any time when:
                                    (A) BOEM has determined, using the
                                     criteria set forth in Sec.
                                     556.901(d)(1) of this part, as
                                     applicable, that you no longer need
                                     to provide the supplemental
                                     financial assurance for your lease,
                                     RUE grant, or pipeline ROW grant.
                                    (B) The operations for which the
                                     supplemental financial assurance
                                     was provided ceased prior to
                                     accrual of any decommissioning
                                     obligation; or,
                                    (C) Cancellation of the financial
                                     assurance is appropriate because,
                                     under the regulations, BOEM
                                     determines such financial assurance
                                     never should have been required.
(3) Third-party Guarantee under     When the Regional Director
 Sec.   556.901(d), 30 CFR           determines you have met your
 550.166(b), or 30 CFR 550.1011(d).  obligations secured by the
                                     guarantee (or longer period as
                                     necessary to complete any appeals
                                     or judicial litigation related to
                                     your obligations secured by the
                                     guarantee).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) For all financial assurance, the Regional Director may 
reinstate your financial assurance as if no cancellation had occurred 
if:
    (1) A person makes a payment under the lease, RUE grant, or 
pipeline ROW grant, and the payment is rescinded or must be returned by 
the recipient because the person making the payment is insolvent, 
bankrupt, subject to reorganization, or placed in receivership; or,
    (2) The responsible party represents to BOEM that it has discharged 
its obligations under the lease, RUE grant, or pipeline ROW grant and 
the representation was materially false when the financial assurance 
was cancelled.
0
23. Revise Sec.  556.907 to read as follows:


Sec.  556.907  Forfeiture of bonds or other financial assurance.

    This section explains how a bond or other financial assurance may 
be forfeited.
    (a) The Regional Director will call for forfeiture of all or part 
of the bond, or other form of financial assurance, including a 
guarantee you provide under this part, if:
    (1) You, or any party with the obligation to comply refuse to 
comply with any term or condition of your lease, RUE grant, pipeline 
ROW grant, or any applicable regulation, or the Regional Director 
determines that you are unable to so comply; or
    (2) You default on one of the conditions under which the Regional 
Director accepts your bond, third-party guarantee, and/or other form of 
financial assurance.
    (b) The Regional Director may pursue forfeiture of your surety bond 
or other financial assurance without first making demands for 
performance against any other record title owner, operating rights 
owner, grant holder, or other person

[[Page 42176]]

authorized to perform lease or grant obligations.
    (c) The Regional Director will:
    (1) Notify you, your surety, guarantor, or the financial 
institution holding or providing your financial assurance, of a 
determination to call for forfeiture of your financial assurance, 
whether it takes the form of a surety bond, guarantee, funds, or other 
type of financial assurance.
    (i) This notice will be in writing and will provide the reason for 
the forfeiture and the amount to be forfeited.
    (ii) The Regional Director will determine the amount to be 
forfeited based upon an estimate of the total cost of corrective action 
to bring your lease or grant into compliance, subject in the case of a 
guarantee to any limitation in the guarantee authorized by Sec.  
556.902(a)(3).
    (2) Advise you and your financial assurance provider that 
forfeiture may be avoided if, within five business days:
    (i) You agree to and demonstrate that you will bring your lease or 
grant into compliance within the timeframe the Regional Director 
prescribes; or
    (ii) The provider of your financial assurance agrees to and 
demonstrates that it will complete the corrective action to bring your 
lease or grant into compliance within the timeframe the Regional 
Director prescribes, even if the cost of compliance exceeds the amount 
of that financial assurance.
    (d) If the Regional Director finds you are in default, the Regional 
Director may cause the forfeiture of any financial assurance provided 
to ensure your compliance with the terms and conditions of your lease 
or grant and the regulations in this chapter and 30 CFR chapters II and 
XII.
    (e) If the Regional Director determines that your financial 
assurance is forfeited, the Regional Director will:
    (1) Collect the forfeited amount; and
    (2) Use the funds collected to bring your lease or grant into 
compliance and to correct any default.
    (f) If the amount the Regional Director collects under your 
financial assurance is insufficient to pay the full cost of corrective 
actions, the Regional Director may:
    (1) Take or direct action to obtain full compliance with your lease 
or grant and the regulations in this chapter; and
    (2) Recover from you, any co-lessee, operating rights owner, grant 
holder or, to the extent covered by the guarantee, any third-party 
guarantor responsible under this subpart, all costs in excess of the 
amount the Regional Director collects under your forfeited financial 
assurance.
    (g) If the amount that the Regional Director collects under your 
forfeited financial assurance exceeds the cost of taking the corrective 
action required to bring your lease or grant into compliance with its 
terms and the regulations in this chapter and 30 CFR chapters II and 
XII, the Regional Director will return the excess funds to the party 
from whom they were collected.
    (h) The Regional Director may pay the funds from the forfeited 
financial assurance to a co- or predecessor lessee or third party who 
is taking the corrective action required to obtain partial or full 
compliance with the regulations and the terms of your lease or grant.

Subchapter C--Appeals

PART 590--APPEAL PROCEDURES

0
24. The authority citation for part 590 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  5 U.S.C. 301 et seq.; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 43 U.S.C. 
1334.

Subpart A--Offshore Minerals Management Appeal Procedures

0
25. Amend Sec.  590.4 by adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  590.4  How do I file an appeal?

* * * * *
    (c) You may file an appeal of a BOEM supplemental financial 
assurance demand with the IBLA. However, if you request that the IBLA 
stay the demand pending a final ruling on your appeal, you must post an 
appeal surety bond equal to the amount of the demand that you seek to 
stay before any such stay is effective.

[FR Doc. 2023-12916 Filed 6-28-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE P