[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 82 (Friday, April 28, 2023)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 26244-26248]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-08998]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Part 25
[Docket No. FWS-HQ-NWRS-2022-0092; FXRS12610900000-212-FF09R20000]
RIN 1018-BG80
National Wildlife Refuge System; Drain Tile Setbacks
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose new
regulations pertaining to wetland easements to bring consistency,
transparency, and clarity for both easement landowners and the Service
in the administration of conservation easements, pursuant to the
National Wildlife Refuge Administration Act of 1966, as amended by the
National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997. The proposed
regulations would codify the process by which the Service establishes
drain tile setbacks in wetland easement contracts. Setback distances
would be calculated based upon the best available science considering
soil characteristics, tile diameter, the depth of the tile below the
surface, and/or topography sufficient to the easement contract's
standard of protection that ensures no drainage of adjacent protected
wetland areas. The proposed regulations would apply only to setbacks
provided by the Service beginning on the effective date of the final
rule.
DATES:
Written comments: We will accept comments received or postmarked on
or before June 27, 2023.
Information collection requirements: If you wish to comment on the
information collection requirements in this proposed rule, please note
that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is required to make a
decision concerning the collection of information contained in this
proposed rule between 30 and 60 days after publication of this proposed
rule in the Federal Register. Therefore, comments should be submitted
to OMB by June 27, 2023.
ADDRESSES:
Written comments: You may submit comments by one of the following
methods:
Electronically: Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal:
https://www.regulations.gov. In the Search box, type in FWS-HQ-NWRS-
2022-0092, which is the docket number for this rulemaking. Then, click
on the Search button. On the resulting screen, find the correct
document and submit a comment by clicking on ``Comment.''
By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail or hand delivery: Public
Comments Processing, Attn: FWS-HQ-NWRS-2022-0092; U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service; 5275 Leesburg Pike, MS: PRB (JAO/3W); Falls Church,
VA 22041-3803.
We will not accept email or faxes. We will post all comments on
https://www.regulations.gov. This generally means that we will post any
personal information you provide us (see Request for Comments, below,
for more information).
Information collection requirements: Written comments and
suggestions on the information collection requirements should be
submitted by the date specified above in DATES to https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. Find this particular information
collection by selecting ``Currently under Review--Open for Public
Comments'' or by using the search function. Please provide a copy of
your comments to the Service Information Collection Clearance Officer,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5275 Leesburg Pike, MS: PRB (JAO/3W),
Falls Church, VA 22041-3803 (mail); or [email protected] (email).
Please reference ``OMB Control Number 1018-New Drain Tile Setbacks'' in
the subject line of your comments.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Debbie DeVore, (251) 604-1383.
Individuals in the United States who are deaf, deafblind, hard of
hearing, or have a speech disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or
TeleBraille) to access telecommunications relay services. Individuals
outside the United States should use the relay services offered within
their country to make international calls to the point-of-contact in
the United States.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Wetland habitat in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of Iowa,
Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota is critically
important to waterfowl and other migratory bird populations. The unique
topography of the PPR includes the numerous small wetlands and potholes
typical of the PPR that were formed through glaciation thousands of
years ago. Prairie potholes are freshwater depressions and marshes,
often less than 2 feet deep and 1 acre in size, that are a permanent
feature of these landscapes barring deliberate alteration of the
topography or hydrology. What makes the PPR so biologically important
to waterfowl is the seasonal fluctuation of surface water through these
permanent wetlands basins. The PPR is responsible for producing
approximately 50 to 75 percent of the primary species of ducks on the
North American continent, providing habitat for more than 60 percent of
the breeding population. Waterfowl fledged in the PPR are a significant
natural resource that supports waterfowl hunting and an associated
industry that creates an estimated 30,000 jobs and nearly $1 billion in
economic benefit.
Congress, recognizing the impact that widespread drainage was
having on wetlands and waterfowl populations in the PPR, officially
created the Small Wetlands Acquisition Program on August 1, 1958, by
amending the 1934 Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (commonly referred
to as the ``Duck Stamp Act''). The amendment allowed proceeds from the
sale of Federal Duck Stamps to be used to conserve and protect ``small
wetland and pothole areas'' through the acquisition and establishment
of areas designated as Waterfowl Production Areas (WPAs). The Service
purchased the first fee-title WPA in South Dakota in 1959 and began to
purchase wetland easements
[[Page 26245]]
soon thereafter. The acquisition of wetland easements accelerated
across the PPR following the passage of the 1961 Wetlands Loan Act
(Pub. L. 87-383), which authorized appropriations to advance funding
for the purchase of wetland easements. Wetland easements are part of
the National Wildlife Refuge System, governed by the National Wildlife
Refuge System Administration Act (hereafter, ``the Administration
Act''; 16 U.S.C. 668dd, et seq.).
Wetland Easements
This proposed rulemaking action would create new regulations
pertaining to easement lands protected by a Service easement for
waterfowl management rights (commonly referred to as a ``wetland
easement'') in the PPR. The easements are areas of land or water
acquired and administered by the Service with a less than fee interest
for the purpose of maintaining small wetland or pothole areas suitable
for use as WPAs.
A wetland easement is a voluntary legal agreement with the Service
that pays landowners to permanently protect wetlands. The easement
contains restrictions on the use or development of the land to protect
its conservation values. The Service's wetland easements are minimally
restrictive conservation easements, meaning that they have a minimal
impact on the property value and limit the landowner's use and
enjoyment of the property to a minor degree. Landowners who sell a
wetland easement to the Service agree that wetlands protected by an
easement cannot be drained, filled, leveled, or burned. If these
wetlands dry up naturally, they can be farmed, grazed, or hayed.
Drain Tiles
Traditionally, the purpose of subsurface agricultural drainage has
been to lower the water table of poorly drained soils with the goal of
improving soil aeration. Recently, advanced drainage systems have been
promoted as a way to manipulate soil water content during the growing
season. Subsurface drainage systems typically remove water through
perforated pipe (commonly referred to as drain tile) placed below the
soil surface.
Drain tile positioned adjacent to wetland areas can result in
reduced hydroperiods (periods of inundation) depending on several
factors, such as the depth of tile in relation to the wetland area. The
amount and timing of precipitation intercepted by subsurface drainage
systems will vary depending on soil properties, topography (low/high
topographic relief), placement of tile relative to the wetland area
(horizontal distance, elevation), and the relation between the wetland
area and groundwater (i.e., recharge, discharge). Direct drainage of a
wetland area by placing perforated tile and surface inlet pipes through
(beneath) the wetland area would have a detrimental effect on wetland
hydrology regardless of other factors.
Drainage systems positioned adjacent to a wetland area in low-
relief terrain have the potential to indirectly affect the wetland area
through lateral drainage (lateral effect). The lateral effect is
defined as the perpendicular distance on either side of a tile pipe
where soil water can be drained by the tile. Drainage systems
positioned to encircle a wetland area completely or partially in high-
relief terrain can intercept groundwater and precipitation runoff to
the wetland area depending on the previously mentioned factors.
This Proposed Rule
The proposed regulations in this document clarify that drain tile
may be installed on lands encumbered by a wetland easement provided
that protected wetland areas are not drained, directly or indirectly.
This proposed rule distinguishes Service wetland easements from the
``Swampbuster'' provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985 (also known
as the ``Farm Bill''; Pub. L. 99-198), which allow drain tile to have a
``minimal effect'' to wetlands. Service wetland easement agreements
with landowners include provisions that allow for no effect; hence, the
proposed regulations would clarify that tile may be installed on a
wetland easement tract provided that the tile does not drain a
protected wetland area.
Because the impact of a given drainage system on wetland areas
varies greatly depending on site conditions, the Service will provide
individual drain tile setback distances to landowners. The proposed
regulations would require the Service to establish drain tile setback
distances based upon the best available science, considering soil
characteristics, tile diameter, the depth of the tile below the
surface, and/or topography that ensure protected wetland areas are not
drained. Furthermore, the Service will provide these setback distances
to landowners upon request.
Additionally, we propose that landowners who adhere to the setback
distances prescribed by the Service, including the tile diameters and
tile depths below the surface that were used to calculate the Service-
provided drain tile setback distances, will not be required to remove
drain tile that is later found to have an adverse effect on protected
wetland areas. These proposed regulations recognize that our
understanding of the effects that drain tile may have on wetland
hydrology is an evolving science. Service-provided drain tile setback
distances may prove inadequate to fully protect easement wetland areas
from drainage. However, landowners who coordinate their tiling plans
with the Service and adhere to the Service-determined setback distances
would not later be held criminally responsible or civilly liable for
disturbing, injuring, or destroying a unit of the National Wildlife
Refuge System (i.e., draining a protected wetland area) provided the
subsurface drainage system is not modified, enhanced, or replaced.
Proposed Amendments to Existing Regulations
This document proposes to codify in the Code of Federal Regulations
the following provisions:
(1) Within a Service-provided timeframe, the Service will provide
setback distances for the placement of drain tile on lands covered by
wetland easements in Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South
Dakota;
(2) the Service will provide guidance to landowners about what
materials should be submitted as part of a request; and
(3) when a landowner coordinates tile planning with the Service in
accordance with this guidance and adheres to the Service-provided drain
tile setback distances, including the tile diameters and tile depths
below the surface that were used to calculate the Service-provided
drain tile setback distances, the Service will not seek legal redress
if it is later determined that the Service-provided drain tile setback
distances failed to protect the wetland areas from drainage, provided
that the drain tile has not been modified, enhanced, or replaced.
The regulations would apply only to setbacks provided by the
Service beginning on the effective date of the final rule.
Statutory Authority
The Administration Act, as amended by the National Wildlife Refuge
System Improvement Act of 1997 (hereafter, ``the Improvement Act'';
Pub. L. 105-57), governs the administration and public use of refuges.
Amendments enacted by the Improvement Act were built upon the
Administration Act in a manner that provides an ``organic act'' for the
Refuge System, similar to organic acts that exist
[[Page 26246]]
for other public Federal lands. The Improvement Act serves to ensure
that we effectively manage the Refuge System as a national network of
lands, waters, and interests for the protection and conservation of our
Nation's wildlife resources. The Administration Act states first and
foremost that we focus our Refuge System mission on the conservation of
fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats. The Act
contains 14 directives to the Secretary, one of which states that, in
administering the Refuge System, the Secretary shall ensure effective
coordination, interaction, and cooperation with owners of land
adjoining refuges. The Administration Act also authorizes the Secretary
to issue regulations to carry out the purposes of the Act.
Request for Comments
You may submit comments and materials on this proposed rule by any
one of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. We will not accept comments
sent by email or fax or to an address not listed in ADDRESSES. We will
not consider hand-delivered comments that we do not receive, or mailed
comments that are not postmarked, by the date specified in DATES.
We will post your entire comment on https://www.regulations.gov.
Before including personal identifying information in your comment, you
should be aware that we may make your entire comment--including your
personal identifying information--publicly available at any time. While
you can ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying
information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be
able to do so. We will post all hardcopy comments on https://www.regulations.gov.
Required Determinations
Clarity of This Proposed Rule
Executive Orders 12866 and 12988 and the Presidential Memorandum of
June 1, 1998, require us to write all rules in plain language. This
means that each rule we publish must:
(a) Be logically organized;
(b) Use the active voice to address readers directly;
(c) Use clear language rather than jargon;
(d) Be divided into short sections and sentences; and
(e) Use lists and tables wherever possible.
If you feel that we have not met these requirements, send us
comments by one of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. To better help us
revise the rule, your comments should be as specific as possible. For
example, you should tell us the numbers of the sections or paragraphs
that are unclearly written, which sections or sentences are too long,
the sections where you feel lists or tables would be useful, etc.
Regulatory Planning and Review (Executive Orders 12866 and 13563)
Executive Order 12866 provides that the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) will review all significant rules. OIRA has
determined that this rulemaking is not significant.
Executive Order (E.O.) 13563 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866
while calling for improvements in the nation's regulatory system to
promote predictability, to reduce uncertainty, and to use the best,
most innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory
ends. The executive order directs agencies to consider regulatory
approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of
choice for the public where these approaches are relevant, feasible,
and consistent with regulatory objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes
further that regulations must be based on the best available science
and that the rulemaking process must allow for public participation and
an open exchange of ideas. We have developed this rule in a manner
consistent with these requirements.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA; 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
(SBREFA) of 1996)), whenever an agency must publish a notice of
rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make
available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that
describes the effects of the rule on small entities. However, no
regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of the agency
certifies the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. SBREFA amended the RFA to require
Federal agencies to provide a statement of the factual basis for
certifying that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities. Thus, for a regulatory
flexibility analysis to be required, impacts must exceed a threshold
for ``significant impact'' and a threshold for a ``substantial number
of small entities.'' See 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
Within the Prairie Pothole Region (comprising Iowa, Minnesota,
North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana), there are approximately
28,000 wetland easements, of which the majority are located on
privately owned farmland. Thus, small businesses within the crop
production industry (North American Industry Classification System 111)
may be impacted by the proposed rule. One aspect of the proposed rule
codifies the Service's existing drain tile setback practices;
therefore, the effect of this regulatory provision on small businesses
would be negligible. The proposed rule also provides legal certainty
for landowners who adhere to the setback distances prescribed by the
Service. The information collection form to request the setback
distances is estimated to take 15 minutes, which would be negligible
for small businesses. Currently, approximately 20 landowners annually
(less than 0.01 percent) must remove drain tile systems because they do
not adhere to the contract that granted the easement. As a result of
the added benefit of legal certainty, the proposed rule may provide the
incentive to these landowners to adhere to the contract and, thus,
reduce the costs of removing drain tile systems. The average annual
number of small businesses (20) potentially impacted by this rulemaking
is not substantial.
Therefore, we certify that this rule, as proposed, would not have a
significant economic effect on a substantial number of small entities
as defined under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
An initial regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.
Accordingly, a small entity compliance guide is not required.
Congressional Review Act
The proposed rule is not a major rule under 5 U.S.C. 804(2), the
Congressional Review Act. We anticipate no significant employment or
small business effects. This proposed rule:
a. Would not have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million
or more. The minimal impact would be scattered across five States and
would most likely not be significant in any local area.
b. Would not cause a major increase in costs or prices for
consumers; individual industries; Federal, State, or local government
agencies; or geographic regions.
c. Would not have significant adverse effects on competition,
employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of
U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
This proposed rule would not impose an unfunded mandate on State,
local, or Tribal governments or the private sector
[[Page 26247]]
of more than $100 million per year. The proposed rule would not have a
significant or unique effect on State, local, or Tribal governments or
the private sector. A statement containing the information required by
the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) is not
required.
Takings (E.O. 12630)
In accordance with E.O. 12630, this proposed rule would not have
significant takings implications. A takings implication assessment is
not required. The proposed rule does not have any takings implications
because it would not impact protected property rights. The proposed
rule provides clarity and standardization of the Service's existing
process for providing drain tile setback distances to landowners and
provides landowners with legal protection when they choose to follow
the Service's setback distances. The proposed rule would not require
landowners to consult the Service regarding setback distances, nor
would it require landowners to follow the Service's setback distances
if they are provided.
Federalism (E.O. 13132)
Under the criteria in section 1 of Executive Order 13132, this
proposed rule does not have sufficient federalism implications to
warrant the preparation of a federalism summary impact statement. A
federalism summary impact statement is not required.
Civil Justice Reform (E.O. 12988)
In accordance with E.O. 12988, the Department of the Interior has
determined that this proposed rule would not unduly burden the judicial
system and that it meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2)
of the Order.
Energy Supply, Distribution or Use (E.O. 13211)
This proposed rule is not a significant energy action under the
definition in Executive Order 13211. A statement of energy effects is
not required.
Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments (E.O.
13175)
The Department of the Interior strives to strengthen its
government-to-government relationship with Indian Tribes through a
commitment to consultation with Indian Tribes and recognition of their
right to self-governance and Tribal sovereignty. We have evaluated this
proposed rule under Executive Order 13175 and have determined that it
has no substantial direct effects on federally recognized Indian
Tribes.
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This proposed rule contains new information collections. All
information collections require approval under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). We may not conduct or sponsor and
you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless
it displays a currently valid Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
control number. The new reporting and/or recordkeeping requirement
associated with requests for drain tile setbacks described below
requires approval by OMB:
Requests for Drain Tile Setbacks (FWS Form 3-2554)
Upon the request of a landowner (via submission of FWS Form 3-
2554), the Service will provide setback distances for the placement of
drain tile on lands covered by wetland easements. The setback distances
will be based on best available science and must be adequate to ensure
protected wetland areas are not drained. Information collected via FWS
Form 3-2554 includes basic contact information for the landowner, along
with the easement number(s) for the specific land covered by the
wetland easement.
The Service will provide guidance to landowners about what
materials should be submitted as part of a request and will provide
setback distances to landowners within a Service-provided timeframe.
When a landowner coordinates their tile planning with the Service in
accordance with this guidance and adheres to the Service-provided drain
tile setback distances, the Service will not seek legal redress if it
is later determined that Service-provided drain tile setback distance
failed to protect the wetland areas from drainage, provided that drain
tile has not been modified, enhanced, or replaced.
Title of Collection: Requests for Drain Tile Setback (50 CFR part
25).
OMB Control Number: 1018-NEW.
Form Number: FWS Form 3-2554.
Type of Review: New.
Respondents/Affected Public: Individuals/households, businesses,
and State/local/Tribal governments.
Total Estimated Number of Annual Respondents: 150.
Total Estimated Number of Annual Responses: 150.
Estimated Completion Time per Response: 5 minutes for reporting and
10 minutes for recordkeeping requirements.
Total Estimated Number of Annual Burden Hours: 39.
Respondent's Obligation: Required to obtain or retain a benefit.
Frequency of Collection: On occasion.
Total Estimated Annual Nonhour Burden Cost: None.
As part of our continuing effort to reduce paperwork and respondent
burdens, we invite the public and other Federal agencies to comment on
any aspect of this information collection, including:
(1) Whether or not the collection of information is necessary for
the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including
whether or not the information will have practical utility;
(2) The accuracy of our estimate of the burden for this collection
of information, including the validity of the methodology and
assumptions used;
(3) Ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the
information to be collected; and
(4) Ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on
those who are to respond, including through the use of appropriate
automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection
techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting
electronic submission of response.
Send your written comments and suggestions on this information
collection by the date indicated in DATES to OMB, with a copy to the
Service Information Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 5275 Leesburg Pike, MS: PRB (JAO/3W), Falls Church,
VA 22041-3803 (mail); or [email protected] (email). Please reference
``OMB Control Number 1018-New Drain Tile Setbacks'' in the subject line
of your comments.
National Environmental Policy Act
We are required under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA;
42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) to assess the impact of any Federal action
significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, health,
and safety. We have determined that the proposed rule falls under the
class of actions covered by the following Department of the Interior
categorical exclusion: ``Policies, directives, regulations, and
guidelines: that are of an administrative, financial, legal, technical,
or procedural nature; or whose environmental effects are too broad,
speculative, or conjectural to lend themselves to meaningful analysis
and will later be subject to the NEPA process, either collectively or
case-by-case.'' (43 CFR 46.210(i)). The proposed regulations would
codify existing Service practice in administering
[[Page 26248]]
minimally restrictive wetland easements.
Primary Author
Debbie DeVore, Division of Natural Resources and Conservation
Planning, National Wildlife Refuge System, is the primary author of
this rulemaking document.
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 25
Administrative practice and procedure, Concessions, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Safety, Wildlife refuges.
Proposed Regulation Promulgation
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, we propose to amend
title 50, chapter I, subchapter C of the Code of Federal Regulations as
set forth below:
PART 25--ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
0
1. The authority citation for part 25 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd, and 715i,
3901 et seq.; and Pub. L. 102-402, 106 Stat. 1961.
Subpart B--Administrative Provisions
0
2. Revise Sec. 25.23 to read as follows:
Sec. 25.23 Information collection requirements.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the
information collection requirements contained in part 25 and assigned
OMB Control Numbers 1018-0102, 1018-0140, 1018-0181, or 1018-####
(unless otherwise indicated). Federal agencies may not conduct or
sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.
Direct comments regarding the burden estimates or any other aspect of
the information collection to the Service's Information Collection
Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
0
3. Add Sec. 25.24 to read as follows:
Sec. 25.24 Drain tile setbacks.
(a) Applicability. The regulations in this section apply to any
easement lands protected by a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service easement
for waterfowl management rights (commonly referred to as a wetland
easement) that were acquired through the Small Wetlands Acquisition
Program in the Prairie Pothole Region of Iowa, Minnesota, Montana,
North Dakota, and South Dakota. The regulations in this section apply
only to setbacks provided by the Service beginning on [EFFECTIVE DATE
OF THE FINAL RULE].
(b) Drainage tile setbacks. Upon the request of a landowner, the
Service will provide setback distances for the placement of drain tile
on lands covered by wetland easements. The setback distances will be
based on the best available science and must be adequate to ensure that
protected wetland areas are not drained. Contact your local U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service station to obtain further information. You can
obtain contact information for your local Service station by contacting
one of the Service regional offices; addresses for these offices are at
50 CFR 2.2.
(c) Protection from legal redress. The Service will provide
guidance to landowners about what materials should be submitted as part
of a request and will provide setback distances to landowners within a
Service-provided timeframe. When a landowner coordinates tile planning
with the Service in accordance with the regulations in this section and
adheres to the Service-provided drain tile setback distances, including
the tile diameters and tile depths below the surface that were used to
calculate the Service-provided drain tile setback distances, the
Service will not seek legal redress if it is later determined that the
drain tile setback distances provided by the Service failed to protect
the wetland areas from drainage, provided that the drain tile has not
been modified, enhanced, or replaced.
Shannon Estenoz,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 2023-08998 Filed 4-27-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4333-15-P