[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 73 (Monday, April 17, 2023)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 23323-23329]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-08009]



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 Rules and Regulations
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  Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 73 / Monday, April 17, 2023 / Rules 
and Regulations  

[[Page 23323]]



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 985

[Doc. No. AMS-SC-22-0070]


Marketing Order Regulating the Handling of Spearmint Oil Produced 
in the Far West; Salable Quantities and Allotment Percentages for the 
2023-2024 Marketing Year

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, Department of Agriculture 
(USDA).

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This rule implements a recommendation from the Far West 
Spearmint Oil Administrative Committee (Committee) to establish salable 
quantities and allotment percentages for Class 1 (Scotch) and Class 3 
(Native) spearmint oil produced in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and 
designated parts of Nevada and Utah (the Far West) for the 2023-2024 
marketing year.

DATES: Effective May 17, 2023.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joshua R. Wilde, Marketing Specialist, 
or Gary D. Olson, Chief, Western Region Branch, Market Development 
Division, Specialty Crops Program, AMS, USDA; Telephone: (503) 326-
2724, or Email: [email protected] or [email protected].
    Small businesses may request information on complying with this 
regulation by contacting Richard Lower, Market Development Division, 
Specialty Crops Program, AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, STOP 
0237, Washington, DC 20250-0237; Telephone: (202) 720-2491, or Email: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This action, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553, 
amends regulations issued to carry out a marketing order as defined in 
7 CFR 900.2(j). This rule is issued under Marketing Order No. 985, as 
amended (7 CFR part 985), regulating the handling of spearmint oil 
produced in the Far West. Part 985 (referred to as ``the Order'') is 
effective under the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as 
amended (7 U.S.C. 601-674), hereinafter referred to as the ``Act.'' The 
Committee locally administers the Order and is comprised of spearmint 
oil producers operating within the area of production, and a public 
member.
    The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is issuing this rule in 
conformance with Executive Orders 12866 and 13563. Executive Orders 
12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess costs and benefits of 
available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to 
select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits (including 
potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, 
distributive impacts, and equity). Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the 
importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, reducing costs, 
harmonizing rules, and promoting flexibility. This action falls within 
a category of regulatory actions that the Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB) exempted from Executive Order 12866 review.
    This rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 13175--
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments, which 
requires agencies to consider whether their rulemaking actions would 
have Tribal implications. AMS has determined that this rule is unlikely 
to have substantial direct effects on one or more Indian Tribes, on the 
relationship between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes, or on 
the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
Government and Indian Tribes.
    This rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, Civil 
Justice Reform. This rule is not intended to have retroactive effect.
    Under the Order now in effect, salable quantities and allotment 
percentages may be established for classes of spearmint oil produced in 
the Far West. This rule establishes salable quantities and allotment 
percentages for Scotch and Native spearmint oil for the 2023-2024 
marketing year, which begins on June 1, 2023.
    The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted 
before parties may file suit in court. Under section 608c(15)(A) of the 
Act, any handler subject to an order may file with the Department of 
Agriculture (USDA) a petition stating that the order, any provision of 
the order, or any obligation imposed in connection with the order is 
not in accordance with law and request a modification of the order or 
to be exempted therefrom. Such handler is afforded the opportunity for 
a hearing on the petition. After the hearing, USDA would rule on the 
petition. The Act provides that the district court of the United States 
in any district in which the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or 
her principal place of business, has jurisdiction to review USDA's 
ruling on the petition, provided an action is filed no later than 20 
days after the date of the entry of the ruling.
    Pursuant to the requirements in Sec.  985.50 of the Order, the 
Committee meets each year to consider supply and demand of spearmint 
oil and to adopt a marketing policy for the ensuing marketing year. In 
determining such marketing policy, the Committee considers several 
factors, including, but not limited to, the current and projected 
supply of oil, estimated future demand, production costs, and producer 
prices for both classes of spearmint oil. Input from spearmint oil 
handlers and producers are considered as well.
    Pursuant to the provisions in Sec.  985.51, when the Committee's 
marketing policy considerations indicate a need to establish or to 
maintain stable market conditions through volume regulation, the 
Committee subsequently recommends to AMS the establishment of a salable 
quantity and allotment percentage for such class or classes of oil for 
the upcoming marketing year. Recommendations for volume control are 
intended to ensure market requirements for Far West spearmint oil are 
satisfied and orderly marketing conditions are maintained.
    Salable quantity represents the total quantity of each class of oil 
(Scotch or Native) which handlers may purchase from, or handle on 
behalf of, producers during a given marketing year. The allotment 
percentage for each class of spearmint oil is the salable quantity for 
that class of oil divided by the total of all producers' allotment base 
for the same class of oil. A producer's allotment base is their 
calculated share of the spearmint oil market based on a

[[Page 23324]]

statistical representation of past spearmint production and sales. In 
order to account for changes in production and demand over time, the 
Committee periodically reviews and adjusts each producer's allotment 
base in accordance with a formula prescribed by the Committee and 
approved by AMS. Each producer's annual allotment of the salable 
quantity is calculated by multiplying their respective allotment base 
for each class of spearmint oil by the allotment percentage for that 
class of spearmint oil. The total allotment base is revised each year 
on June 1 to account for producer allotment base being lost as a result 
of the ``bona fide effort'' production provision of Sec.  985.53(e) and 
additional base made available pursuant to the provisions of Sec.  
985.153.
    Salable quantities and allotment percentages are established at 
levels intended to maintain orderly marketing conditions while also 
ensuring that markets are adequately supplied. Further, Committee 
recommendations for volume control are made in advance of the upcoming 
marketing year in which the regulations are to be effective, thereby 
allowing producers ample time to adjust their production decisions 
accordingly.
    The Committee met on October 12, 2022, to consider its marketing 
policy for the 2023-2024 marketing year. At that meeting, the Committee 
determined that, based on the current market and supply conditions, 
volume regulation for both classes of oil would be necessary. The 
Committee recommended, with a vote of six in favor and one opposed, a 
salable quantity and allotment percentage for Scotch spearmint oil of 
772,704 pounds and 34 percent, respectively. The member voting in 
opposition to the recommendation supported volume regulation but 
favored a salable quantity and allotment percent lower than what was 
recommended. In addition, the Committee unanimously recommended a 
salable quantity and allotment percentage for Native spearmint oil of 
1,034,492 pounds and 40 percent, respectively.
    This action establishes the amount of Scotch and Native spearmint 
oil that handlers may purchase from, or handle on behalf of, producers 
during the 2023-2024 marketing year, which begins on June 1, 2023. 
Salable quantities and allotment percentages have been in effect each 
season since the Order's inception in 1980.

Scotch Spearmint Oil

    The Committee recommended a Scotch spearmint oil salable quantity 
of 772,704 pounds and an allotment percentage of 34 percent for the 
2023-2024 marketing year. The 2023-2024 marketing year salable quantity 
of 772,704 pounds is 59,876 pounds less than the salable quantity of 
832,580 pounds established for the 2022-2023 marketing year. The 
recommended 34 percent allotment percentage for the 2023-2024 marketing 
year is three percent less than the percentage in effect the previous 
marketing year.
    The total allotment base for the coming marketing year is estimated 
to be 2,272,660 pounds. This figure represents a one-percent increase 
over the revised 2022-2023 marketing year total allotment base of 
2,250,124 pounds. The salable quantity (772,704 pounds) is the product 
of total allotment base (2,272,660 pounds) times the allotment 
percentage (34 percent).
    The Committee considered several factors in making its 
recommendation, including the current and projected future supply, 
estimated future demand, production costs, and producer prices. The 
Committee's recommendation also accounts for the established acreage of 
Scotch spearmint, consumer demand, existing carry-in, reserve pool 
volume, and increased production in competing markets.
    According to the Committee, as costs of production have increased 
and spearmint oil prices have decreased, many producers have forgone 
new plantings of Scotch spearmint. This has resulted in a significant 
decline in production of Scotch spearmint oil in recent years. 
Production has decreased from 1,113,346 pounds produced in 2016 to an 
estimated 576,692 pounds of Scotch spearmint production in 2021.
    Industry reports indicate that trade demand for Far West Scotch 
spearmint oil, which has been declining since the 2014-2015 marketing 
year, has begun to stabilize. Sales of Far West Scotch spearmint oil 
declined from 1,060,232 pounds during the 2014-2015 marketing year to 
488,484 pounds in the 2020-2021 marketing year, before notably 
rebounding to 667,793 pounds in the 2021-2022 marketing year, the last 
full year of available data. The Committee indicates that the downward 
pressure on trade demand for Scotch spearmint oil from the Far West has 
lessened as production of Scotch spearmint oil in competing markets, 
most notably by Canadian producers, has leveled off in recent years.
    Given the anticipated market conditions for the coming year, the 
Committee estimates that Scotch spearmint oil trade demand for the 
2023-2024 marketing year will be 635,000 pounds, which is 15,000 pounds 
lower than the prior year estimate and slightly higher than the 5-year 
moving sales average of 618,834 pounds. Should the established volume 
regulation levels prove insufficient to adequately supply the market, 
the Committee has the authority to recommend intra-seasonal increases 
of the salable quantity and allotment percentage, as it has in previous 
marketing years.
    The Committee calculated the minimum salable quantity of Scotch 
spearmint oil that will be required during the 2023-2024 marketing year 
(368,471 pounds) by subtracting the estimated salable carry-in on June 
1, 2023, (266,529 pounds) from the estimated trade demand (635,000 
pounds). This minimum salable quantity represents the estimated minimum 
amount of Scotch spearmint oil that will be needed to satisfy estimated 
trade demand for the coming year. To ensure that the market will be 
fully supplied, the Committee recommended a 2023-2024 marketing year 
salable quantity of 772,704 pounds. The recommended salable quantity, 
combined with an estimated 266,529 pounds of salable carry-in from the 
previous year, will yield a total available supply of 1,039,233 pounds 
of Scotch spearmint oil for the 2023-2024 marketing year. With the 
recommended salable quantity and current market environment, the 
Committee estimates that as much as 404,233 pounds of salable Scotch 
spearmint oil could be carried into the 2024-2025 marketing year.
    Salable carry-in is the primary measure of excess spearmint oil 
supply under the Order, as it represents overproduction in prior years 
that is currently available to the market without restriction. Under 
volume regulation, spearmint oil that is designated as salable 
continues to be available to the market until it is sold and may be 
marketed at any time at the discretion of the owner.
    The Committee estimates that there will be 266,529 pounds of 
salable carry-in of Scotch spearmint oil on June 1, 2023. If current 
market conditions are maintained and the Committee's projections are 
correct, salable carry-in will increase to 404,233 pounds at the 
beginning of the 2024-2025 marketing year. That level would be above 
the quantity that the Committee generally considers favorable (150,000 
pounds). However, the Committee believes that, given the current 
economic conditions in the Scotch spearmint oil industry, some Scotch 
spearmint oil producers may not produce their annual allotment for the 
2023-2024 marketing year. Further, the Committee estimates that as

[[Page 23325]]

much as 287,480 pounds of the 2022-2023 marketing year annual allotment 
may not be filled by producers. While the Committee has not projected 
unused base allotment for the upcoming 2023-2024 marketing year, it 
anticipates that the actual quantity of Scotch spearmint oil carried 
into the 2024-2025 marketing year will be much less than the quantity 
calculated above (404,233 pounds).
    Spearmint oil held in reserve is oil that has been produced in 
excess of a producer's annual allotment, either in the current 
marketing year or in prior years and is restricted from freely entering 
the market. After December 1 of each marketing year, reserve pool oil 
is not available to the market in the current marketing year without an 
increase in the salable quantity and allotment percentage. The Order 
does include a provision for reserve oil to be released for limited 
market development projects, with approval of the Secretary, but this 
provision is rarely utilized.
    Oil held in the reserve pool is another indicator of excess supply. 
Scotch spearmint oil held in reserve was 23,667 pounds as of May 31, 
2022, down from 72,361 pounds as of May 31, 2021. This quantity of 
reserve pool oil should be an adequate buffer to supply the market, if 
necessary, should the industry experience an unexpected increase in 
demand.
    The Committee recommended an allotment percentage of 34 percent for 
the 2023-2024 marketing year for Scotch spearmint oil. During its 
October 12, 2022, meeting, the Committee calculated an initial 
allotment percentage by dividing the minimum required salable quantity 
(368,471 pounds) by the total estimated allotment base (2,272,660 
pounds), resulting in 16.2 percent. However, producers and handlers at 
the meeting indicated that the computed percentage (16.2 percent) might 
not adequately satisfy potential 2023-2024 marketing year Scotch 
spearmint oil market demand and may also result in a less than 
desirable carry-in for the subsequent marketing year. After 
deliberation, the Committee recommended an allotment percentage of 34 
percent. The total estimated allotment base (2,272,660 pounds) for the 
2023-2024 marketing year, multiplied by the recommended allotment 
percentage (34 percent), yields 772,704 pounds, which is the 
recommended salable quantity for the 2023-2024 marketing year.
    The 2023-2024 marketing year computational data for the Committee's 
recommendations is detailed below.
    (A) Estimated carry-in of Scotch spearmint oil on June 1, 2023: 
266,529 pounds. This figure is the difference between the 2022-2023 
marketing year total available supply of 901,529 pounds and the revised 
2022-2023 marketing year estimated trade demand of 635,000 pounds.
    (B) Estimated trade demand of Scotch spearmint oil for the 2023-
2024 marketing year: 635,000 pounds. This figure was established at the 
Committee meeting held on October 12, 2022.
    (C) Minimum salable quantity of Scotch spearmint oil required from 
the 2023-2024 marketing year production: 368,471 pounds. This figure is 
the difference between the estimated 2023-2024 marketing year trade 
demand (635,000 pounds) and the estimated carry-in on June 1, 2022 
(266,529 pounds). This salable quantity represents the minimum amount 
of Scotch spearmint oil that may be needed to satisfy estimated demand 
for the coming year.
    (D) Total estimated Scotch spearmint oil allotment base for the 
2023-2024 marketing year: 2,272,660 pounds. This figure represents a 
one-percent increase over the 2022-2023 marketing year total actual 
allotment base of 2,250,158 pounds, as prescribed by Sec.  985.53(d). 
The one-percent increase equals 22,502 pounds. This total estimated 
allotment base is revised each year on June 1 in accordance with Sec.  
985.53(e).
    (E) Computed Scotch spearmint oil allotment percentage for the 
2023-2024 marketing year: 16.2 percent. This percentage is computed by 
dividing the minimum required salable quantity (368,471) by the total 
estimated allotment base (2,272,660 pounds).
    (F) Recommended Scotch spearmint oil allotment percentage for the 
2023-2024 marketing year: 34 percent. This is the Committee's 
recommendation and is based on the computed allotment percentage (16.2 
percent) and input from producers and handlers at the October 12, 2022, 
meeting. The recommended 34 percent allotment percentage reflects the 
Committee's belief that the computed percentage (16.2 percent) may not 
adequately supply the anticipated 2023-2024 marketing year Scotch 
spearmint oil market demand.
    (G) Recommended Scotch spearmint oil salable quantity for the 2023-
2024 marketing year: 772,704 pounds. This figure is the product of the 
recommended salable allotment percentage (34 percent) and the total 
estimated allotment base (2,272,660 pounds) for the 2023-2024 marketing 
year.
    (H) Estimated total available supply of Scotch spearmint oil for 
the 2023-2024 marketing year: 1,039,233 pounds. This figure is the sum 
of the 2023-2024 marketing year recommended salable quantity (772,704 
pounds) and the estimated carry-in on June 1, 2023 (266,529 pounds).
    For the reasons stated above, the Committee believes that the 
salable quantity and allotment percentage established herein will 
adequately satisfy trade demand, will result in a reasonable carry-in 
for the following year, and will contribute to the orderly marketing of 
Scotch spearmint oil.

Native Spearmint Oil

    The Committee recommended a Native spearmint oil salable quantity 
of 1,034,492 pounds and an allotment percentage of 40 percent for the 
2023-2024 marketing year. These figures are, respectively, 66,777 
pounds and 3 percentage points lower than the levels established for 
the 2022-2023 marketing year. The Committee utilized handlers' 
estimated trade demand of Native spearmint oil for the coming year, 
historical and current Native spearmint oil production, inventory 
statistics, and international market data obtained from consultants for 
the spearmint oil industry to arrive at these recommendations.
    The Committee anticipates that 2022 Native spearmint oil production 
will total 941,026 pounds, down slightly from the previous year's 
production of 985,797 pounds. Committee records indicate that 
spearmint-producing acres in the Far West have declined from a recent 
high of 9,013 acres in 2019 to an estimated 6,078 acres of Native 
spearmint production in 2022.
    Additionally, sales of Native spearmint oil fell from 1,076,906 
pounds in the 2020-2021 marketing year to 988,536 pounds for the 2021-
2022 marketing year, the last full year of reported sales. This sales 
figure represents a 10-year low. However, the Committee expects a 
moderate rebound from this low, estimating trade demand for Native 
spearmint oil at 1,150,000 pounds for the 2023-2024 marketing year, 
which would be in line with the 3-year sales average of 1,132,567 
pounds.
    The Committee expects that 308,440 pounds of salable Native 
spearmint oil from prior years will be carried into the 2023-2024 
marketing year. This amount is down from the 357,066 pounds of salable 
oil carried into the 2022-2023 marketing year but still above the level 
that the Committee generally considers favorable.
    Further, the Committee estimates that there will be 1,093,144 
pounds of Native spearmint oil in the reserve pool at the beginning of 
the 2023-2024 marketing

[[Page 23326]]

year. This figure is 125,978 pounds lower than the quantity of reserve 
pool oil held by producers at the beginning of the previous marketing 
year but still well above the level that the Committee believes is 
optimal. Generally, reserve pool oil has been increasing over the past 
several marketing years, climbing from 996,050 pounds of Native reserve 
oil at the start of the 2016-2017 marketing year to the 1,093,144 
pounds expected for the 2023-2024 marketing year.
    The Committee expects end users of Native spearmint oil to continue 
to rely on Far West production as their primary source of high-quality 
Native spearmint oil. Overseas production of Native spearmint has 
declined in recent years. As a result, U.S. exports of Native spearmint 
oil have been steadily increasing since 2018. However, increased 
domestic production of Native spearmint from regions outside of the Far 
West production area has created additional domestic competition for 
market share. For example, there were fewer than 2,000 acres of Native 
spearmint production in the U.S. Midwest region in 2016, compared to 
over 10,000 acres of Native spearmint oil production in the Far West. 
However, 2022 Native spearmint acreage estimates show that Far West 
acreage has declined to approximately 6,078 acres, compared to Native 
spearmint producing acreage of around 4,300 acres in the Midwest. This 
situation has contributed to declining trade demand for Far West Native 
spearmint oil and led to downward pressure on producer prices.
    The Committee chose to be cautiously optimistic in the 
establishment of its trade demand estimate for the 2023-2024 marketing 
year to ensure that the market will be adequately supplied. At the 
October 12, 2022, meeting, the Committee estimated the 2023-2024 
marketing year Native spearmint oil trade demand to be 1,150,000 
pounds. This figure is based on input provided by producers at nine 
production area meetings held in early October 2022, as well as 
estimates provided by handlers and other meeting participants. This 
figure represents a decrease of 50,000 pounds from the previous year's 
original estimated trade demand for the 2022-2023 marketing year. The 
average estimated trade demand for Native spearmint oil derived from 
the area producer meetings was 1,124,857 pounds, whereas the handlers' 
estimates ranged from 850,000 to 1,250,000 pounds. The average of 
Native spearmint oil sales over the last three years is 1,132,567 
pounds. The quantity marketed over the most recent full marketing year, 
2021-2022, was 988,536 pounds.
    The estimated June 1, 2023, carry-in of 308,440 pounds of Native 
spearmint oil, plus the recommended 2023-2024 marketing year salable 
quantity of 1,034,932 pounds, will result in an estimated total 
available supply of 1,342,932 pounds of Native spearmint oil during the 
2023-2024 marketing year. With the corresponding estimated trade demand 
of 1,150,000 pounds, the Committee projects that 192,932 pounds of oil 
will be carried into the 2024-2025 marketing year. This will result in 
a year-over-year decrease in carryover of 115,508 pounds. The Committee 
estimates that there will be 1,093,144 pounds of Native spearmint oil 
held in the reserve pool at the beginning of the 2023-2024 marketing 
year. Should the industry experience an unexpected increase in trade 
demand, oil in the Native spearmint oil reserve pool could be released 
through an intra-seasonal increase in the salable quantity and 
allotment percentage to satisfy that demand.
    The Committee recommended a Native spearmint oil allotment 
percentage of 40 percent for the 2023-2024 marketing year. During its 
October 12, 2022, meeting, the Committee calculated an initial 
allotment percentage of 32.5 percent by dividing the minimum required 
salable quantity to satisfy estimated trade demand (841,560 pounds) by 
the total allotment base (2,586,229 pounds). However, producers and 
handlers at the meeting expressed concern that the computed percentage 
of 32.5 percent may not adequately supply the potential 2023-2024 
marketing year Native spearmint oil market demand. Further, it could 
result in a less than adequate carry-in for the subsequent marketing 
year. After deliberation, the Committee increased its allotment 
percentage recommendation to 40 percent. The total estimated Native 
spearmint oil allotment base (2,586,229 pounds) multiplied by the 
recommended salable allotment percentage (40 percent) yields 1,034,492 
pounds, the recommended Native spearmint oil salable quantity for the 
2023-2024 marketing year.
    The 2023-2024 marketing year computational data for the Committee's 
recommendation is further outlined below.
    (A) Estimated carry-in of Native spearmint oil on June 1, 2023: 
308,440 pounds. This figure is the difference between the 2022-2023 
marketing year total available supply of 1,458,440 pounds and the 
revised 2022-2023 marketing year estimated trade demand of 1,150,000 
pounds.
    (B) Estimated trade demand of Native spearmint oil for the 2023-
2024 marketing year: 1,150,000 pounds. This estimate was established by 
the Committee at its October 12, 2022, meeting.
    (C) Minimum salable quantity of Native spearmint oil required from 
the 2023-2024 marketing year production: 841,560 pounds. This figure is 
the difference between the 2023-2024 marketing year estimated trade 
demand (1,150,000 pounds) and the estimated carry-in on June 1, 2023 
(308,440 pounds). This is the minimum amount of Native spearmint oil 
that the Committee believes may be required to meet the anticipated 
2023-2024 marketing year trade demand.
    (D) Total estimated allotment base of Native spearmint oil for the 
2023-2024 marketing year: 2,586,229 pounds. This figure represents a 
one-percent increase over the 2022-2023 marketing year actual total 
allotment base of 2,560,623 pounds as prescribed in Sec.  985.53(d). 
The one-percent increase equals 25,606 pounds of oil. This estimate is 
revised each year on June 1, to adjust for the bona fide effort 
production provisions of Sec.  985.53(e).
    (E) Computed Native spearmint oil allotment percentage for the 
2023-2024 marketing year: 32.5 percent. This percentage is calculated 
by dividing the required minimum salable quantity (841,560 pounds) by 
the total estimated allotment base (2,586,229 pounds) for the 2023-2024 
marketing year.
    (F) Recommended Native spearmint oil allotment percentage for the 
2023-2024 marketing year: 40 percent. This is the Committee's 
recommendation based on the computed allotment percentage (32.5 
percent) and input from producers and handlers at the October 12, 2022, 
meeting. The recommended 40 percent allotment percentage is also based 
on the Committee's belief that the computed percentage (32.5 percent) 
may not adequately supply the potential market for Native spearmint oil 
in the 2023-2024 marketing year or allow for sufficient salable Native 
spearmint oil to be carried into the beginning of the 2024-2025 
marketing year.
    (G) Recommended Native spearmint oil 2023-2024 marketing year 
salable quantity: 1,034,492 pounds. This figure is the product of the 
recommended allotment percentage (40 percent) and the total estimated 
allotment base (2,586,229 pounds).
    (H) Estimated available supply of Native spearmint oil for the 
2023-2024 marketing year: 1,342,932 pounds. This figure is the sum of 
the 2023-2024 marketing year recommended salable quantity (1,034,492 
pounds) and the

[[Page 23327]]

estimated carry-in on June 1, 2023 (308,440 pounds). This amount could 
be increased, as needed, through an intra-seasonal increase in the 
salable quantity and allotment percentage.
    The Scotch and Native spearmint oil salable quantities and 
allotment percentages of 772,704 pounds and 34 percent, and 1,034,492 
pounds and 40 percent, respectively, are expected to match the 
available supply of each class of spearmint oil to the estimated demand 
of each, thus avoiding extreme fluctuations in inventories and prices. 
This rule is similar to regulations issued in prior seasons.
    The salable quantities in this final rule are not expected to cause 
a shortage of either class of spearmint oil. Any unanticipated or 
additional market demand for either class of spearmint oil which may 
develop during the marketing year could be satisfied by an intra-
seasonal increase in the salable quantity and corresponding allotment 
percentage. The Order contains a provision in Sec.  985.51 for intra-
seasonal increases to allow the Committee the flexibility to respond 
quickly to changing market conditions.
    Under volume regulation, producers who produce more than their 
annual allotments during the marketing year may transfer such excess 
spearmint oil to producers who have produced less than their annual 
allotment. In addition, on December 1 of each year, producers who have 
not transferred their excess spearmint oil to other producers must 
place their excess spearmint oil production into the reserve pool to be 
released in the future. Each producer controls the disposition of their 
respective reserve pool spearmint oil, in accordance with market needs 
and the Order's volume regulation provisions, and under the Committee's 
oversight.
    AMS has reviewed the Committee's marketing policy statement for the 
2023-2024 marketing year. The Committee's marketing policy statement, a 
requirement whenever the Committee recommends volume regulation, meets 
the requirements of Sec. Sec.  985.50 and 985.51.
    The establishment of the salable quantities and allotment 
percentages in this rule are expected to allow for anticipated market 
needs. In determining anticipated market needs, the Committee 
considered historical sales, as well as changes and trends in 
production and demand. This rule also provides producers with 
information regarding the amount of spearmint oil that should be 
produced for the 2023-2024 and subsequent marketing years to meet 
anticipated market demand.

Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

    Pursuant to requirements set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility 
Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601-612), AMS has considered the economic impact of 
this rule on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has prepared this final 
regulatory flexibility analysis.
    The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of 
businesses subject to such actions in order that small businesses will 
not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders issued 
pursuant to the Act, and the rules issued thereunder, are unique in 
that they are brought about through group action of essentially small 
entities acting on their own behalf.
    There are approximately 40 producers of Scotch spearmint oil and 94 
producers of Native spearmint oil operating within the regulated 
production area. In addition, there are approximately 8 spearmint oil 
handlers (both Scotch and Native spearmint) subject to regulation under 
the Order. Small agricultural service firms are defined by the Small 
Business Administration (SBA) as those having annual receipts of less 
than $34,000,000, and small agricultural producers of spearmint oil are 
defined as those having annual receipts of less than $2,500,000 (13 CFR 
121.201).
    The SBA size standards reported in this rule are higher than in the 
proposed rule because new standards went into effect on December 19, 
2022, after the proposed rule was published. The size threshold for 
small agricultural service firms increased from $30 million to $34 
million. The size threshold for small agricultural producers of 
spearmint oil increased from $2,250,000 to $2,500,000.
    The Committee reported that recent producer prices for spearmint 
oil have ranged from $18.50 to $22.00 per pound. The National 
Agricultural Statistics Service reported that the 2021 U.S. season 
average spearmint oil producer price per pound was $15.80. Spearmint 
oil utilization for the 2021-2022 marketing year, as reported by the 
Committee, was 667,793 pounds and 988,536 pounds for Scotch and Native 
spearmint oil, respectively, for a total of 1,656,329 pounds. 
Multiplying $15.80 per pound by 2021-2022 marketing year spearmint oil 
utilization of 1,656,329 pounds yields a crop value estimate of about 
$26.17 million.
    Given the accounting requirements for the volume regulation 
provisions of the Order, the Committee maintains accurate records of 
each producer's production and sales. Using the $15.80 average 
spearmint oil price and Committee production data for each producer, 
the Committee estimates that 39 of the 40 Scotch spearmint oil 
producers and all of the 94 Native spearmint oil producers could be 
classified as small entities under the SBA definition.
    There is no third-party or governmental entity that collects and 
reports spearmint oil prices received by spearmint oil handlers. 
However, the Committee estimates an average spearmint oil handling 
markup at approximately 20 percent of the price received by producers. 
Twenty percent of the 2021 producer price ($15.80) is $3.16, which 
results in a handler Free on Board (f.o.b.) price per pound estimate of 
$18.96 ($15.80 + $3.16).
    Multiplying this estimated handler f.o.b. price by the 2020-2021 
marketing year total spearmint oil utilization of 1,656,329 pounds 
results in an estimated handler-level spearmint oil value of $31.4 
million. Dividing this figure by the number of handlers (8) yields 
estimated average annual handler receipts of about $3.9 million, which 
is well below the SBA threshold for small agricultural service firms.
    Furthermore, using confidential data compiled by the Committee on 
the pounds of spearmint oil handled by each handler and the 
abovementioned estimated handler price per pound, the Committee 
reported that it is not likely that any of the eight handlers had 2021-
2022 marketing year spearmint oil sales that exceeded SBA's $34-million 
threshold.
    Therefore, in view of the foregoing, the majority of producers of 
spearmint oil may be classified as small entities, and all of the 
handlers of spearmint oil may be classified as small entities.
    This final rule establishes the quantity of spearmint oil produced 
in the Far West, by class, which handlers may purchase from, or handle 
on behalf of, producers during the 2023-2024 marketing year. The 
Committee recommended this action to help maintain stability in the 
spearmint oil market by matching supply to estimated demand, thereby 
avoiding extreme fluctuations in supplies and prices. Establishing 
quantities that may be purchased from or handled on behalf of producers 
during the marketing year through volume regulation allows producers to 
coordinate their spearmint oil production with the expected market 
demand. Authority for this proposal is provided in Sec. Sec.  985.50, 
985.51, and 985.52 of the Order.
    The Committee estimates the total trade demand for the 2023-2024 
marketing year for both classes of oil at

[[Page 23328]]

1,785,000 pounds. In addition, the Committee expects that the combined 
salable carry-in for both classes of spearmint oil will be 574,969 
pounds. As such, the combined required salable quantity for the 2023-
2024 marketing year is estimated to be 1,210,031 pounds (1,785,000 
pounds trade demand less 574,969 pounds carry-in). Under volume 
regulation, total sales of spearmint oil by producers for the 2023-2024 
marketing year will be held to 2,382,165 pounds (the recommended 
salable quantity for both classes of spearmint oil of 1,807,196 pounds 
plus 574,969 of carry-in).
    This total available supply of 2,382,165 pounds should be more than 
adequate to supply the 1,785,000 pounds of anticipated total trade 
demand for spearmint oil. In addition, as of May 31, 2022, the total 
reserve pool for both classes of spearmint oil stood at 1,242,789 
pounds. That quantity is expected to remain relatively unchanged over 
the course of the 2022-2023 marketing year, with current Committee 
reserve pool estimates totaling 1,130,893 pounds. Should trade demand 
increase unexpectedly during the 2023-2024 marketing year, reserve pool 
spearmint oil could be released into the market to supply that increase 
in demand.
    The recommended allotment percentages, upon which 2023-2024 
marketing year annual producer allotments are based, are 34 percent for 
Scotch spearmint oil and 40 percent for Native spearmint oil. Without 
volume regulation, producers would not be held to these allotment 
levels and could sell unrestricted quantities of spearmint oil.
    The AMS econometric model used to evaluate the Far West spearmint 
oil market estimated that the season average producer price per pound 
(from both classes of spearmint oil) would decline about $2.65 per 
pound without volume regulation. The surplus situation for the 
spearmint oil market that would exist without volume regulation in the 
2023-2024 marketing year also would likely dampen prospects for 
improved producer prices in future years because of the excessive 
buildup in stocks.
    In addition, spearmint oil prices would likely fluctuate with 
greater amplitude in the absence of volume regulation. The coefficient 
of variation, or CV (a standard measure of variability), of Far West 
spearmint oil producer prices for the period 1980-2021 (the years in 
which the Order has been in effect), is 25 percent, compared to 49 
percent for the 20-year period (1960-1979) immediately prior to the 
establishment of the Order. Since higher CV values correspond to 
greater variability, this is an indicator of the price-stabilizing 
impact of the Order.
    The use of volume regulation allows the industry to fully supply 
spearmint oil markets while avoiding the negative consequences of over-
supplying these markets. The use of volume regulation is believed to 
have little or no effect on consumer prices of products containing 
spearmint oil and will not result in fewer retail sales of such 
products.
    The Committee discussed alternatives to the recommendations 
contained in this rule for both classes of spearmint oil. The Committee 
rejected the idea of not regulating volume for either class of 
spearmint oil because of the severe, price-depressing effects that are 
more likely to occur without volume regulation. The Committee also 
discussed and considered salable quantities and allotment percentages 
that were above and below the levels that were eventually recommended 
for both classes of spearmint oil. Ultimately, the action recommended 
by the Committee was to slightly reduce the allotment percentage and 
salable quantity for both Scotch spearmint oil and Native spearmint oil 
from the levels established for the 2022-2023 marketing year.
    As noted earlier, the Committee's recommendation to establish 
salable quantities and allotment percentages for both classes of 
spearmint oil was made after careful consideration of all available 
information including: (1) The estimated quantity of salable oil of 
each class held by producers and handlers; (2) the estimated demand for 
each class of oil; (3) the prospective production of each class of oil; 
(4) the total of allotment bases of each class of oil for the current 
marketing year and the estimated total of allotment bases of each class 
for the ensuing marketing year; (5) the quantity of reserve oil, by 
class, in storage; (6) producer prices of oil, including prices for 
each class of oil; and (7) general market conditions for each class of 
oil, including whether the estimated season average price to producers 
is likely to exceed parity.
    Based on its review, the Committee believes that the salable 
quantities and allotment percentages established in this rule will 
achieve the objectives sought. The Committee also believes that, should 
there be no volume regulation in effect for the upcoming marketing 
year, the Far West spearmint oil industry would return to the 
pronounced cyclical price patterns that occurred prior to the 
promulgation of the Order. As previously stated, annual salable 
quantities and allotment percentages have been issued for both classes 
of spearmint oil since the Order's inception. The salable quantities 
and allotment percentages established herein are expected to facilitate 
the goal of maintaining orderly marketing conditions for Far West 
spearmint oil for the 2023-2024 and future marketing years.
    This final rule establishes the salable quantities and allotment 
percentages for Scotch and Native spearmint oil produced in the Far 
West during the 2023-2024 marketing year. Costs to producers and 
handlers, large and small, resulting from this action are expected to 
be offset by the benefits derived from a more stable market and 
increased returns. The benefits of this rule are expected to be equally 
available to all producers and handlers regardless of their size.
    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 
Chapter 35), the Order's information collection requirements have been 
previously approved by OMB and assigned OMB No. 0581-0178, Vegetable 
and Specialty Crops. No changes are necessary in those requirements as 
a result of this rule. Should any changes become necessary, they would 
be submitted to OMB for approval.
    This final rule does not impose any additional reporting or 
recordkeeping requirements on either small or large Far West spearmint 
oil handlers. As with all Federal marketing order programs, reports and 
forms are periodically reviewed to reduce information requirements and 
duplication by industry and public sector agencies. AMS has not 
identified any relevant Federal rules that duplicate, overlap, or 
conflict with this final rule.
    AMS is committed to complying with the E-Government Act, to promote 
the use of the internet and other information technologies to provide 
increased opportunities for citizen access to Government information 
and services, and for other purposes.
    A proposed rule concerning this action was published in the Federal 
Register on January 3, 2023 (88 FR 18). Copies of the proposed rule 
were also mailed or sent via email to all Far West spearmint oil 
handlers. The proposal was made available through the internet by USDA 
and the Office of the Federal Register. A 30-day comment period ending 
February 2, 2023, was provided for interested persons to respond to the 
proposal. No comments were received during the comment period. 
Accordingly, no changes have been made to the rule as proposed.

[[Page 23329]]

    A small business guide on complying with fruit, vegetable, and 
specialty crop marketing agreements and orders may be viewed at: 
https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/moa/small-businesses. Any 
questions about the compliance guide should be sent to Richard Lower at 
the previously mentioned address in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 
section.
    After consideration of all relevant material presented, including 
the information and recommendations submitted by the Committee and 
other available information, it is hereby found that this rule will 
tend to effectuate the declared policy of the Act.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 985

    Marketing agreements, Oils and fats, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Agricultural 
Marketing Service amends 7 CFR part 985 as follows:

PART 985--MARKETING ORDER REGULATING THE HANDLING OF SPEARMINT OIL 
PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST

0
1. The authority citation for part 985 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  7 U.S.C. 601-674.


0
2. Add Sec.  985.238 to read as follows:


Sec.  985.238  Salable quantities and allotment percentages--2023-2024 
marketing year.

    The salable quantity and allotment percentage for each class of 
spearmint oil during the marketing year beginning on June 1, 2023, 
shall be as follows:
    (a) Class 1 (Scotch) oil--a salable quantity of 772,704 pounds and 
an allotment percentage of 34 percent.
    (b) Class 3 (Native) oil--a salable quantity of 1,034,492 pounds 
and an allotment percentage of 40 percent.

Erin Morris,
Associate Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service.
[FR Doc. 2023-08009 Filed 4-14-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE P