[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 168 (Wednesday, August 31, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 53404-53415]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-18747]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 20

[Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2021-0057; FF09M30000-223-FXMB1231099BPP0]
RIN 1018-BF07


Migratory Bird Hunting; Migratory Bird Hunting Regulations on 
Certain Federal Indian Reservations and Ceded Lands for the 2022-23 
Season

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule prescribes special migratory bird hunting 
regulations for certain Tribes on Federal Indian reservations, off-
reservation trust lands, and ceded lands. This rule responds to Tribal 
requests for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (hereinafter ``Service'' or 
``we'') recognition of their authority to regulate hunting under 
established guidelines. This rule allows the establishment of season 
bag limits and, thus, harvest at levels compatible with populations and 
habitat conditions.

DATES: This rule takes effect on August 31, 2022.

ADDRESSES: You may inspect comments received on the migratory bird 
hunting regulations at https://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. FWS-
HQ-MB-2021-0057. You may obtain copies of referenced reports from the 
Division of Migratory Bird Management's website at https://www.fws.gov/program/migratory-birds or at https://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. 
FWS-HQ-MB-2021-0057.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jerome Ford, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Department of the Interior, (703) 358-2606.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of July 3, 1918 (16 U.S.C. 703 
et seq.), authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Department of the 
Interior, having due regard for the zones of temperature and for the 
distribution, abundance, economic value, breeding habits, and times and 
lines of flight of migratory game birds, to determine when, to what 
extent, and by what means such birds or any part, nest, or egg thereof 
may be taken, hunted, captured, killed, possessed, sold, purchased, 
shipped, carried, exported, or transported.
    In the June 14, 2022, Federal Register (87 FR 35942), we proposed 
special

[[Page 53405]]

migratory bird hunting regulations for the 2022-23 hunting season for 
certain Indian Tribes, under the guidelines described in the June 4, 
1985, Federal Register (50 FR 23467). The guidelines respond to Tribal 
requests for Service recognition of their reserved hunting rights, and 
for some Tribes, recognition of their authority to regulate hunting by 
both Tribal members and nonmembers on their reservations. The 
guidelines include possibilities for:
    (1) On-reservation hunting by both Tribal members and nonmembers, 
with hunting by nontribal members on some reservations to take place 
within Federal frameworks but on dates different from those selected by 
the surrounding State(s);
    (2) On-reservation hunting by Tribal members only, outside of usual 
Federal frameworks for season dates and length, and for daily bag and 
possession limits; and
    (3) Off-reservation hunting by Tribal members on ceded lands, 
outside of usual framework dates and season length, with some added 
flexibility in daily bag and possession limits.
    In all cases, the regulations established under the guidelines must 
be consistent with the March 10-September 1 closed season mandated by 
the 1916 Migratory Bird Treaty with Canada.
    In the August 31, 2021, Federal Register (86 FR 48649), we 
requested that Tribes desiring special hunting regulations in the 2022-
23 hunting season submit a proposal including details on:
    (1) Harvest anticipated under the requested regulations;
    (2) Methods that would be employed to measure or monitor harvest 
(such as bag checks, mail questionnaires, etc.);
    (3) Steps that would be taken to limit level of harvest, where it 
could be shown that failure to limit such harvest would adversely 
impact the migratory bird resource; and
    (4) Tribal capabilities to establish and enforce migratory bird 
hunting regulations.
    No action is required if a Tribe wishes to observe the hunting 
regulations established by the State(s) in which an Indian reservation 
is located. We have successfully used the guidelines since the 1985-86 
hunting season. We finalized the guidelines beginning with the 1988-89 
hunting season (53 FR 31612, August 18, 1988).
    The final rule described here is the final in the series of 
proposed and final rulemaking documents for migratory bird hunting 
regulations on certain Federal Indian reservations and ceded lands for 
the 2022-23 season. This rule sets hunting seasons, hours, areas, and 
limits for migratory game bird species on reservations and ceded 
territories. This final rule is the culmination of the rulemaking 
process for the Tribal migratory game bird hunting seasons, which 
started with the August 31, 2021, proposed rule. This final rule sets 
the migratory bird hunting regulations on certain Federal Indian 
reservations and ceded lands for the 2022-23 season.

Population Status and Harvest

    Each year we publish reports that provide detailed information on 
the status and harvest of certain migratory game bird species. These 
reports are available at the address indicated under FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT or from our website at https://www.fws.gov/library/collections/population-status, or https://www.fws.gov/library/collections/migratory-bird-hunting-activity-and-harvest-reports.
    We used the following annual reports published in August 2021 in 
the development of proposed frameworks for the migratory bird hunting 
regulations: Adaptive Harvest Management, 2022 Hunting Season; American 
Woodcock Population Status, 2021; Band-tailed Pigeon Population Status, 
2021; Migratory Bird Hunting Activity and Harvest During the 2019-20 
and 2020-21 Hunting Seasons; Mourning Dove Population Status, 2021; 
Status and Harvests of Sandhill Cranes, Mid-continent, Rocky Mountain, 
Lower Colorado River Valley and Eastern Populations, 2021; and 
Waterfowl Population Status, 2021.
    Our long-term objectives continue to include providing 
opportunities to harvest portions of certain migratory game bird 
populations and to limit harvests to levels compatible with each 
population's ability to maintain healthy, viable numbers. Having taken 
into account the zones of temperature and the distribution, abundance, 
economic value, breeding habits, and times and lines of flight of 
migratory birds, we conclude that the hunting seasons provided for 
herein are compatible with the current status of migratory bird 
populations and long-term population goals. Additionally, we are 
obligated to, and do, give serious consideration to all information 
received during the public comment period.

Comments and Issues Concerning Tribal Proposals

    For the 2022-23 migratory bird hunting season, we proposed 
regulations (87 FR 35942, June 14, 2022) for 29 Tribes or Indian groups 
that followed the 1985 guidelines and were considered appropriate for 
final rulemaking.
    The comment period for the June 14, 2022, proposed rule closed on 
July 14, 2022. We received one comment on our proposed rule; the 
commenter requested not to allow the killing of migratory birds. The 
Service appreciates the opportunity to establish special migratory bird 
hunting regulations in recognition of the Tribes' reserved hunting 
rights, and for some Tribes, recognition of their authority to regulate 
hunting by both Tribal members and nonmembers on their reservations. We 
addressed this one comment in our final rule to set 2022-23 frameworks 
for migratory bird hunting regulations (87 FR 42598, July 15, 2022).

Required Determinations

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Consideration

    The programmatic document, ``Second Final Supplemental 
Environmental Impact Statement: Issuance of Annual Regulations 
Permitting the Sport Hunting of Migratory Birds (EIS 20130139),'' filed 
with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on May 24, 2013, 
addresses NEPA compliance by the Service for issuance of the annual 
framework regulations for hunting of migratory game bird species. We 
published a notice of availability in the Federal Register on May 31, 
2013 (78 FR 32686), and our record of decision on July 26, 2013 (78 FR 
45376). We also address NEPA compliance for waterfowl hunting 
frameworks through the annual preparation of separate environmental 
assessments, the most recent being ``Duck Hunting Regulations for 2022-
23,'' with its corresponding March 2022 finding of no significant 
impact. In addition, an environmental assessment entitled ``Guidelines 
for Migratory Bird Hunting Regulations on Federal Indian Reservations 
and Ceded Lands'' is available from the person listed above under the 
caption FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

Endangered Species Act Consideration

    Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), provides that the Secretary shall insure that any 
action authorized, funded, or carried out is not likely to jeopardize 
the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species 
or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical 
habitat. After we published the August 31, 2021, proposed rule, we 
conducted formal consultations to ensure that actions resulting from 
these regulations would

[[Page 53406]]

not likely jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or 
threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification 
of their critical habitat. Findings from these consultations are 
included in a biological opinion, which concluded that the regulations 
are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered 
or threatened species. The biological opinion resulting from this 
section 7 consultation is available for public inspection at the 
address indicated under ADDRESSES.

Regulatory Planning and Review--Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 provides that the Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) will review all significant rules. OIRA has determined 
that the annual migratory bird hunting regulations are significant 
because they have an annual effect of $100 million or more on the 
economy.
    E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866 while calling for 
improvements in the nation's regulatory system to promote 
predictability, to reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, most 
innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends. 
E.O. 13563 directs agencies to consider regulatory approaches that 
reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of choice for the 
public where these approaches are relevant, feasible, and consistent 
with regulatory objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes further that 
regulations must be based on the best available science and that the 
rulemaking process must allow for public participation and an open 
exchange of ideas. We have developed this rule in a manner consistent 
with these requirements.
    An economic analysis was prepared for the 2022-23 migratory bird 
hunting season. This analysis was based on data from the 2016 National 
Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 
(National Survey), the most recent year for which data are available 
(see discussion under Regulatory Flexibility Act, below). This analysis 
estimated consumer surplus for three alternatives for duck hunting 
regulations. As defined by OMB Circular A-4, consumers' surplus is the 
difference between what a consumer pays for a unit of a good or service 
and the maximum amount the consumer would be willing to pay for that 
unit. The duck hunting regulatory alternatives are (1) issue 
restrictive regulations allowing fewer days than those issued during 
the 2021-22 season, (2) issue moderate regulations allowing more days 
than those in alternative 1, and (3) issue liberal regulations similar 
to the regulations in the 2021-22 season. For the 2022-23 season, we 
chose alternative 3, with an estimated consumer surplus across all 
flyways of $329 million. We also chose alternative 3 for the 2009-10 
through 2021-22 seasons. The 2022-23 analysis is part of the record for 
this rule and is available at https://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. 
FWS-HQ-MB-2021-0057.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The annual migratory bird hunting regulations have a significant 
economic impact on substantial numbers of small entities under the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). We prepare 
regulatory flexibility analyses, updated annually, to analyze the 
economic impacts of the annual hunting regulations on small business 
entities. The primary source of information about hunter expenditures 
for migratory game bird hunting is the National Survey, which is 
generally conducted at 5-year intervals. The 2022 analysis is based on 
the 2016 National Survey and the U.S. Department of Commerce's County 
Business Patterns, from which it is estimated that migratory bird 
hunters would spend approximately $2.2 billion at small businesses in 
2022. Copies of the analysis are available upon request from the person 
listed above under the caption FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT, or from 
https://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2021-0057.

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act

    This rule is a major rule under 5 U.S.C. 804(2), the Small Business 
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act. For the reasons outlined above, 
this rule will have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or 
more. However, because this rule establishes hunting seasons, which are 
time sensitive, we do not plan to defer the effective date under the 
exemption contained in 5 U.S.C. 808(1).

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This rule does not contain any new collection of information that 
requires approval by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under 
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). OMB has 
previously approved the information collection requirements associated 
with migratory bird surveys and the procedures for establishing annual 
migratory bird hunting seasons under the following OMB control numbers:
     1018-0019, ``North American Woodcock Singing Ground 
Survey'' (expires 02/29/2024).
     1018-0023, ``Migratory Bird Surveys, 50 CFR 20.20'' 
(expires 04/30/2023). Includes Migratory Bird Harvest Information 
Program, Migratory Bird Hunter Surveys, Sandhill Crane Survey, and 
Parts Collection Survey.
     1018-0171, ``Establishment of Annual Migratory Bird 
Hunting Seasons, 50 CFR part 20'' (expires 10/31/2024).
    You may view the information collection request(s) at http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. An agency may not conduct or 
sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    We have determined and certify, in compliance with the requirements 
of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, 2 U.S.C. 1502 et seq., that this 
rulemaking will not impose a cost of $100 million or more in any given 
year on local or State government or private entities. Therefore, this 
rule is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act.

Civil Justice Reform--Executive Order 12988

    The Department, in promulgating this rule, has determined that this 
rule will not unduly burden the judicial system and that it meets the 
requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of E.O. 12988.

Takings Implication Assessment

    In accordance with E.O. 12630, this rule, authorized by the 
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, does not have significant takings 
implications and does not affect any constitutionally protected 
property rights. This rule will not result in the physical occupancy of 
property, the physical invasion of property, or the regulatory taking 
of any property. In fact, this rule will allow hunters to exercise 
otherwise unavailable privileges and, therefore, will reduce 
restrictions on the use of private and public property.

Energy Effects--Executive Order 13211

    E.O. 13211 requires agencies to prepare statements of energy 
effects when undertaking certain actions. While this rule is a 
significant regulatory action under E.O. 12866, it is not expected to 
adversely affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, this 
action is not a significant energy action, and no statement of energy 
effects is required.

[[Page 53407]]

Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, 
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal 
Governments'' (59 FR 22951), E.O. 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have 
evaluated possible effects on Federally recognized Indian Tribes and 
have determined that there are de minimis effects on Indian trust 
resources. We solicited proposals for special migratory bird hunting 
regulations for certain Tribes on Federal Indian reservations, off-
reservation trust lands, and ceded lands for the 2022-23 migratory bird 
hunting season in the August 31, 2021, proposed rule (86 FR 48649). The 
resulting proposals were published in a separate proposed rule (87 FR 
35942, June 14, 2022). Through this process to establish annual hunting 
regulations, we regularly coordinate with Tribes that are affected by 
this rule.

Federalism Effects

    Due to the migratory nature of certain species of birds, the 
Federal Government has been given responsibility over these species by 
the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. We annually prescribe frameworks from 
which the States make selections regarding the hunting of migratory 
birds, and we employ guidelines to establish special regulations on 
Federal Indian reservations and ceded lands. This process preserves the 
ability of the States and Tribes to determine which seasons meet their 
individual needs. Any State or Tribe may be more restrictive in its 
regulations than the Federal frameworks at any time. The frameworks are 
developed in a cooperative process with the States and the Flyway 
Councils. This process allows States to participate in the development 
of frameworks from which they will make selections, thereby having an 
influence on their own regulations. These rules do not have a 
substantial direct effect on fiscal capacity, change the roles or 
responsibilities of Federal or State governments, or intrude on State 
policy or administration. Therefore, in accordance with E.O. 13132, 
these regulations do not have significant federalism effects and do not 
have sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a 
federalism summary impact statement.

Regulations Promulgation

    The rulemaking process for migratory game bird hunting, by its 
nature, operates under a time constraint as seasons must be established 
each year or hunting seasons remain closed. However, we intend that the 
public be provided extensive opportunity for public input and 
involvement in compliance with Administrative Procedure Act 
requirements (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.). Thus, when the preliminary 
proposed rulemaking was published on August 31, 2021 (86 FR 48649), we 
established what we concluded were the longest periods possible for 
public comment and the most opportunities for public involvement. We 
also provided notification of our participation in multiple Flyway 
Council meetings, opportunities for additional public review and 
comment on all Flyway Council proposals for regulatory change, and 
opportunities for additional public review during the Service 
Regulations Committee meeting. Therefore, sufficient public notice and 
opportunity for involvement have been given to affected persons 
regarding the migratory bird hunting frameworks for the 2022-23 hunting 
season.
    For the reasons cited above, we find that ``good cause'' exists, 
within the terms of the Administrative Procedure Act at 5 U.S.C. 
553(d)(3) for these regulations to take effect immediately upon 
publication.
    Accordingly, with each participating Tribe having had an 
opportunity to participate in selecting the hunting seasons desired for 
its reservation or ceded territory on those species of migratory birds 
for which open seasons are now prescribed, and consideration having 
been given to all other relevant matters presented, certain sections of 
title 50, chapter I, subchapter B, part 20, subpart K, are hereby 
amended as set forth below.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 20

    Exports, Hunting, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Transportation, Wildlife.

Signing Authority

    On August 25, 2022, Shannon Estenoz, Assistant Secretary for Fish 
and Wildlife and Parks, approved this action for publication. On August 
25, 2022, Shannon Estenoz also authorized the undersigned to sign this 
document electronically and submit it to the Office of the Federal 
Register for publication as an official document of the Department of 
the Interior.
    Accordingly, part 20, subchapter B, chapter I of title 50 of the 
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:

PART 20--MIGRATORY BIRD HUNTING

0
1. The authority citation for part 20 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 703 et seq., and 16 U.S.C. 742a-j.

    (Note: The following hunting regulations provided for by 50 CFR 
20.110 will not appear in the Code of Federal Regulations because of 
their seasonal nature).

0
2. Section 20.110 is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  20.110  Seasons, limits, and other regulations for certain 
Federal Indian reservations, Indian Territory, and ceded lands.

    Unless specifically provided for in the following entries, all of 
the regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20 apply to the seasons listed 
herein.
    (a) Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Flathead Indian 
Reservation, Pablo, Montana (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Tribal Members Only
Ducks (Including Mergansers), Coots, and Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The Tribe does not have specific 
bag and possession restrictions for Tribal members. The season on 
harlequin duck is closed.
Nontribal Hunters
Ducks (Including Mergansers), Coots, and Geese
    Season Dates: Same as Pacific Flyway portion of Montana.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as Pacific Flyway portion of 
Montana.
    General Conditions: Tribal and nontribal hunters must comply with 
all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations contained in 50 
CFR part 20 regarding manner of taking. In addition, shooting hours are 
sunrise to sunset, and each waterfowl hunter 16 years of age or older 
must carry on his/her person a valid Migratory Bird Hunting and 
Conservation Stamp (Duck Stamp) signed in ink across the stamp face. 
Special regulations established by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai 
Tribes also apply on the reservation.
    (b) Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Cloquet, 
Minnesota (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks
    1. 1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories:
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.

[[Page 53408]]

    Daily Bag Limits: 18 ducks, including no more than 12 mallards or 9 
of any other species.
    2. Reservation:
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 12 ducks, including no more than 8 mallards or 6 
of any other species.
Mergansers
    1. 1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories:
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 15 mergansers, including no more than 6 hooded 
mergansers.
    2. Reservation:
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 mergansers, including no more than 4 hooded 
mergansers.
Canada/Cackling Geese: All Areas
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 Canada/cackling geese.
Sandhill Cranes: 1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories Only
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 3 sandhill cranes. A crane carcass tag is 
required prior to hunting.
Tundra and Trumpeter Swans: Reservation Only
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 2 swans. Swan carcass tags are required prior to 
hunting.
Coots and Common Gallinules: All Areas
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 coots and common gallinules in the aggregate.
Sora and Virginia Rails: All Areas
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 25 sora and Virginia rails in the aggregate.
Snipe: All Areas
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 8 snipe.
Woodcock: All Areas
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 3 woodcock.
Mourning Doves: All Areas
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 30 mourning doves.
    General Conditions:
    1. While hunting waterfowl, a Tribal member must carry on his/her 
person a valid Ceded Territory License.
    2. Shooting hours for migratory birds are one-half hour before 
sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.
    3. Except as otherwise noted, Tribal members will be required to 
comply with Tribal codes that will be no less restrictive than the 
provisions of chapter 10 of the Model Off-Reservation Code. Except as 
modified by Service rules, these amended regulations parallel Federal 
requirements in 50 CFR part 20 as to hunting methods, transportation, 
sale, exportation, and other conditions generally applicable to 
migratory bird hunting.
    4. Band members in each zone will comply with State regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas.
    5. There are no possession limits for migratory birds. For purposes 
of enforcing bag limits, all migratory birds in the possession or 
custody of Band members on ceded lands will be considered to have been 
taken on those lands unless tagged by a Tribal or State conservation 
warden as having been taken on-reservation. All migratory birds that 
fall on reservation lands will not count as part of any off-reservation 
bag or possession limit.
    (c) Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Suttons 
Bay, Michigan (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 20, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 35 ducks, including no more than 8 pintail, 4 
canvasbacks, 5 hooded mergansers, 8 black ducks, 10 wood ducks, 8 
redheads, and 20 mallards (only 10 of which may be females).
Canada/Cackling Geese and Snow Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-February 15, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 15 geese.
White-Fronted Geese and Brant
    Season Dates: September 20-December 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 5 geese.
Rails (Sora and Virginia Rail), Snipe, and Woodcock
    Season Dates: September 1-November 14, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 rails, 10 snipe, and 5 woodcock.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-November 14, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 25 mourning doves.
Sandhill Cranes
    Season Dates: September 1-November 14, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 sandhill cranes, with a season 
limit of 4.
    General Conditions: A valid Grand Traverse Band Tribal license is 
required and must be in possession before taking any wildlife. Shooting 
hours for migratory birds are one-half hour before sunrise to one-half 
hour after sunset. All other basic regulations contained in 50 CFR part 
20 are valid. Other Tribal regulations apply and may be obtained at the 
Tribal office in Suttons Bay, Michigan.
    (d) Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, Odanah, 
Wisconsin (Tribal Members Only).
    The 2022-23 waterfowl hunting season regulations apply to all 
treaty areas (except where noted):
Ducks
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 50 ducks in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Area; 30 
ducks in the 1836 Treaty Area.
Mergansers
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 mergansers.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022. In addition, any 
portion of the ceded territory that is open to State-licensed hunters 
for goose hunting outside of these dates will also be open concurrently 
for Tribal members.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 geese in the aggregate.
Coots and Common Gallinules
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 coots and common gallinules in the aggregate.
Sora and Virginia Rails
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The daily bag limit is 20 sora and 
Virginia rails in the aggregate, and the possession limit is 25 sora 
and Virginia rails in the aggregate.
Snipe
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.

[[Page 53409]]

    Daily Bag Limits: 16 snipe.
Woodcock
    Season Dates: 1836 Ceded Territory: September 1-December 31, 2022; 
1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories: September 3-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 woodcock.
Mourning Doves: 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories only
    Season Dates: September 1-November 29, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 15 mourning doves.
Sandhill Cranes
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 sandhill cranes and no seasonal bag limit in 
the 1837 and 1842 Treaty areas; 3 sandhill cranes and no seasonal bag 
limit in the 1836 Treaty area.
Swans: 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories only
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 5 swans. All harvested swans must be registered 
by presenting the fully feathered carcass to a Tribal registration 
station or GLIFWC warden. If the total number of trumpeter swans 
harvested reaches 20, the swan season will be closed by emergency 
Tribal rule.
    General Conditions:
    1. All Tribal members who wish to hunt are required to obtain a 
valid Tribal waterfowl hunting permit.
    2. Except as otherwise noted, Tribal members must comply with 
Tribal codes that are no less restrictive than the model ceded 
territory conservation codes approved by Federal courts in the Lac 
Courte Oreilles v. State of Wisconsin (Voigt) and Mille Lacs Band v. 
State of Minnesota cases. Chapter 10 in each of these model codes 
regulates ceded territory migratory bird hunting. Both versions of 
chapter 10 parallel Federal requirements as to hunting methods, 
transportation, sale, exportation, and other conditions generally 
applicable to migratory bird hunting. They also automatically 
incorporate by reference the Federal migratory bird regulations.
    3. Particular regulations of note include:
    A. Nontoxic shot is required for all waterfowl hunting by Tribal 
members.
    B. Tribal members in each zone must comply with Tribal regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas. These 
regulations generally incorporate the same restrictions contained in 
parallel State regulations.
    C. There are no possession limits, with the exception of 25 rails 
(in the aggregate) and 20 trumpeter swans total. For purposes of 
enforcing bag limits, all migratory birds in the possession and custody 
of Tribal members on ceded lands will be considered to have been taken 
on those lands unless tagged by a Tribal or State conservation warden 
as taken on reservation lands. All migratory birds that fall on 
reservation lands will not count as part of any off-reservation bag or 
possession limit.
    D. There are no shell limit restrictions.
    E. Hunting hours are from 30 minutes before sunrise to 30 minutes 
after sunset, except that, within the 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories, 
hunters may use non-mechanical nets or snares that are operated by hand 
to take those birds subject to an open hunting season at any time (see 
further explanation provided in G.). Capturing, without the aid of 
other devices (i.e., by hand), and immediately killing birds subject to 
an open season may also be done regardless of the time of day.
    F. Within the 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories, Tribal members may 
use electronic calls. Individuals using these devices must complete a 
hunt survey for each hunt where electronic calls are used. Required 
information includes the date, time, and location of the hunt; number 
of hunters; the number of each species harvested per hunting event; if 
other hunters were in the area, any interactions with other hunters; 
and other information deemed appropriate. Survey results must be 
summarized and documented in a Commission report, which will be 
submitted to the Service. This application will be replicated for 2 
years (through the 2023-24 season), after which a full evaluation will 
be completed.
    G. Within the 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories, Tribal members may 
use non-mechanical, hand-operated nets (i.e., throw/cast nets or 
handheld nets typically used to land fish) and hand-operated snares and 
may chase and capture migratory birds without the aid of hunting 
devices (i.e., by hand). Non-attended nets or snares are not 
authorized. Tribal members using nets or snares to take migratory 
birds, or taking birds by hand, must complete a hunt survey for each 
hunt where these methods are used and submit the data to the Commission 
when requested at the end of the season. Required information includes 
the date, time, and location of the hunt; number of hunters; the number 
of each species harvested per hunting event; and other information 
deemed appropriate. Results must be summarized and documented in a 
Commission report, which will be submitted to the Service. This 
application will be replicated for 2 years (through the 2023-24 
season), after which a full evaluation will be completed.
    (e) Jicarilla Apache Tribe, Jicarilla Indian Reservation, Dulce, 
New Mexico (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Ducks (Including Mergansers)
    Season Dates: October 8-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The daily bag limit is 7, 
including no more than 2 hen mallards, 1 pintail, 2 redheads, 2 
canvasback, and 2 scaup. The possession limit is three times the daily 
bag limit.
Canada/Cackling Geese
    Season Dates: October 8-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 and 4, respectively.
    General Conditions: Tribal and nontribal hunters must comply with 
all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20 
regarding shooting hours and manner of taking. In addition, each 
waterfowl hunter 16 years of age or older must carry on his/her person 
a valid Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (Duck Stamp) 
signed in ink across the stamp face. Special regulations established by 
the Jicarilla Tribe also apply on the reservation.
    (f) Kalispel Tribe, Kalispel Reservation, Usk, Washington (Tribal 
Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Tribal Members on Reservation Lands
Ducks and Geese
    Season Dates: September 24, 2022-January 31, 2023.
Tribal Members on Ceded Lands
Ducks
    Season Dates: October 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 3, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as those for the duck and 
goose seasons in the State of Washington.
Nontribal Hunters on Tribally Managed Lands
Ducks
    Season Dates: September 24-25, 2022, and October 1, 2022-January 8, 
2023.
Geese
    Season Dates: The earliest possible opening date and to remain open 
for the maximum number of days allowed by

[[Page 53410]]

Federal frameworks (107 days from September 24, 2022-January 8, 2023). 
Hunters should obtain further information on specific hunt days from 
the Kalispel Tribe.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as those for the duck and 
goose seasons in the State of Washington.
    General Conditions: All other State and Federal regulations 
contained in 50 CFR part 20, such as use of nontoxic shot and 
possession of a signed Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp 
(Duck Stamp), apply.
    (g) Klamath Tribe, Chiloquin, Oregon (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks, Coots, and Geese
    Season Dates: October 5, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 9 ducks, 9 coots, and 9 geese, 
with possession limits two times the daily bag limit.
    General Conditions: Nontoxic shot is required. Use of live decoys, 
bait, and commercial use of migratory birds are prohibited. Waterfowl 
may not be pursued or taken while using motorized craft. Shooting hours 
are one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.
    (h) Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, Cass Lake, Minnesota (Tribal Members 
Only).
Ducks
    Season Dates: September 3-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 ducks, including no more than 5 
pintail, 5 canvasbacks, and 5 black ducks. Possession limits are two 
times the daily bag limit.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 3-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 geese. Possession limits are 
two times the daily bag limit.
    General Conditions: Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise 
to one-half hour after sunset. Only steel or other approved nontoxic 
shot may be used to harvest waterfowl. Waterfowl may not be pursued or 
taken while under the power of a motorized watercraft. Use of live 
decoys, bait, and commercial use of migratory birds is prohibited. No 
hunting is allowed on or near a wild rice bed that is being actively 
harvested. No travel by boat is allowed within a wild rice bed. 
Nonnative species must be removed from watercraft and hunting equipment 
before leaving an access point. Several waterfowl refuges are closed to 
the taking of waterfowl.
    (i) Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Manistee, Michigan (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks and Merganser
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 12 ducks, including no more than 2 
pintail, 4 canvasbacks, 4 black ducks, 6 wood ducks, 4 redheads, 8 
mallards (only 4 of which may be female), 10 common and red-breasted 
mergansers, and 2 hooded mergansers. Possession limits are three times 
the daily bag limit.
Coots and Gallinules
    Season Dates: September 14, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 30 coots and gallinules and 60 in 
possession.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-February 15, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 geese. Possession limits are 
three times the daily bag limit.
Woodcock, Snipe, and Rails (Sora and Virginia Rails)
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 5 woodcock and 25 snipe or rails 
in the aggregate. Possession limits for all species are three times the 
daily bag limit.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 1, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 mourning doves. The possession 
limit is three times the daily bag limit.
Sandhill Cranes
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 sandhill cranes. The possession 
limit is three times the daily bag limit.
    General Conditions:
    1. All Tribal members who wish to hunt are required to obtain a 
valid Tribal resource card and 2022-23 hunting license.
    2. Except as modified by Service rules, these amended regulations 
parallel all Federal regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20. Shooting 
hours are from one-half hour before sunrise to sunset.
    3. Particular regulations of note include:
    A. Nontoxic shot is required for all waterfowl hunting by Tribal 
members.
    B. Tribal members in each zone must comply with Tribal regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas. These 
regulations generally incorporate the same restrictions contained in 
parallel State regulations.
    4. Tribal members hunting in Michigan will comply with Tribal codes 
that contain provisions parallel to Michigan law regarding duck blinds 
and decoys.
    (j) The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Petoskey, 
Michigan (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks and Mergansers
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 ducks and 10 mergansers, including no more 
than 5 female mallards, 5 pintail, 5 canvasbacks, 5 scaup, 5 hooded 
mergansers, 5 black ducks, 5 wood ducks, and 5 redheads.
Canada/Cackling Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-February 8, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 Canada/cackling geese.
Woodcock
    Season Dates: September 1-December 1, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 woodcock.
Snipe
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 15 snipe.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-November 14, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 15 mourning doves.
Sora and Virginia Rails
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 sora and 20 Virginia rails.
Coots and Gallinules
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 coots and 20 gallinules.
Sandhill Crane
    Season Dates: September 1-December 1, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limit: 2 sandhill cranes.
    General Conditions: Possession limits are twice the daily bag 
limits. All other Federal regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20 
apply, except the Tribe allows the use of electronic calls for all 
species. The Tribe has agreed to extend the experimental Memorandum of 
Agreement with the Service regarding

[[Page 53411]]

the use of electronic calling through the 2022-23 season
    (k) Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lower Brule Reservation, Lower Brule, 
South Dakota (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Nontribal Hunters
Ducks, Mergansers, and Coots
    Season Dates: October 1, 2022-January 5, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 ducks (including mergansers), 
including no more than 2 female mallards and 5 mallards in total, 2 
pintail, 2 redheads, 2 canvasbacks, 3 wood duck, 3 scaup, and 1 mottled 
duck. Two bonus blue-winged teal are allowed during October 1-16, 2022. 
Coot daily bag limits are 15. Possession limits are three times the 
daily bag limits.
Canada/Cackling Geese
    Season Dates: October 29, 2022-February 12, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 Canada/cackling geese, and 
possession limits are three times the daily bag limit.
White-Fronted Geese
    Season Dates: October 22, 2022-January 17, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 white-fronted geese, and 
possession limits are three times the daily bag limit.
Light Geese
    Season Dates: October 22, 2022-February 5, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 50 light geese, with no possession 
limits.
Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-November 29, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 doves, and possession limits 
are three times the daily bag limit.
Tribal Members
Duck, Mergansers, and Coots
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 ducks, including no more than 2 
female mallards and 5 mallards in total, 1 pintail, 2 redheads, 2 
canvasbacks, 3 wood ducks, 3 scaup, 2 bonus teal during the first 16 
days of the season, and 2 mottled ducks; 5 mergansers, only 2 of which 
can be hooded mergansers; and 15 coot. Possession limits are three 
times the daily bag limits.
Canada/Cackling Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 Canada/cackling geese. The 
possession limits are three times the daily bag limit.
White-Fronted Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 3 white-fronted geese. The 
possession limits are three times the daily bag limit.
Light Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 50 light geese, with no possession 
limits.
Doves
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 doves. The possession limits 
are three times the daily bag limit.
    General Conditions: All hunters must comply with the basic Federal 
migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20, including the use 
of steel shot and shooting hours. Nontribal hunters must possess a 
valid Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp. The Lower Brule 
Sioux Tribe has an official Conservation Code to which hunters must 
adhere when hunting in areas subject to control by the Tribe.
    (l) Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks (Including Mergansers), and Coots
    Season Dates: September 4, 2022-January 2, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 7 ducks, including no more than 2 
female mallards, 1 pintail, 1 canvasback, and 2 redheads. The daily bag 
and possession limit of harlequin ducks is 1 per season. The coot daily 
bag limits are 25. The possession limits are two times the daily bag 
limit, except as noted above.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 4, 2022-January 2, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: No more than 3 light geese. The 
season on Aleutian Canada/cackling geese is closed.
Brant
    Season Dates: Season closed.
Mourning Doves and Band-Tailed Pigeons
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-February 27, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 mourning doves and 2 band-
tailed pigeons. The possession limits are two times the daily bag 
limits.
Snipe
    Season Dates: September 4, 2022-January 2, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 8 snipe. The possession limits are 
two times the daily bag limit.
    General Conditions: All Tribal hunters authorized to hunt migratory 
birds are required to obtain a Tribal hunting permit from the Lower 
Elwha Klallam Tribe pursuant to Tribal law. Hunting hours are from one-
half hour before sunrise to sunset. Only steel, tungsten-iron, 
tungsten-polymer, tungsten-matrix, and tin shot are allowed for hunting 
waterfowl. It is unlawful to use or possess lead shot while hunting 
waterfowl. Tribal reservation police and Tribal fisheries enforcement 
officers have the authority to enforce these migratory bird hunting 
regulations for the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe.
    (m) Makah Indian Tribe, Neah Bay, Washington (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks and Coots
    Season Dates: September 24, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 7 ducks, including no more than 7 mallards (only 
2 female mallards), 2 canvasbacks, 1 pintail, 3 scaup, and 2 redheads. 
The daily bag limit for coots is 25. The Tribe has a year-round closure 
on wood ducks and harlequin ducks.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 24, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 4 Canada/cackling geese, 10 white-fronted geese, 
10 light geese, and 2 brant. The Tribe notes that there is a year-round 
closure on dusky Canada geese.
Band-Tailed Pigeons
    Season Dates: September 15-23, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 2 band-tailed pigeons.
    General Conditions: All other Federal regulations contained in 50 
CFR part 20 apply. The following restrictions also apply:
    1. As per Makah Ordinance 44, only shotguns may be used to hunt any 
species of waterfowl. Additionally, shotguns must not be discharged 
within 300 feet of an occupied building, occupied area, or active 
logging operation.
    2. Hunters must be eligible enrolled Makah Tribal members and must 
carry their Indian Treaty Fishing and Hunting Identification Card while 
hunting. See Makah General Hunting Regulations.
    3. The Makah Reservation Area is open except in designated 
wilderness areas, or within 1 mile of Cape Flattery

[[Page 53412]]

and Shi-Shi Trails, or in any area that is closed to hunting by another 
ordinance or regulation.
    4. The use of live decoys and/or baiting to pursue any species of 
waterfowl is prohibited.
    5. Only approved nontoxic shot is allowed for waterfowl; the use of 
lead shot is prohibited.
    6. The use of dogs is permitted to hunt all species of waterfowl.
    7. Shooting hours for all species of waterfowl are one-half hour 
before sunrise to sunset.
    8. Hunters must report any neck or leg bands placed by the Federal 
Government to Natural Resources Enforcement or by calling 1-800-327-
BAND.
    (n) Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, Auburn, Washington (Tribal Members 
Only).
Ducks, Mergansers, and Coots
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 7, including no more than 2 female mallards, 2 
canvasbacks, 2 pintail, 3 scaup, 2 redheads, 2 scoters, 2 long-tailed 
ducks, and 2 goldeneyes. The daily bag limit for coots is 25. The limit 
on harlequin ducks is 1 per season.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 4 Canada/cackling geese, 6 light geese, 10 white-
fronted geese, and 2 brant. The season on dusky Canada geese is closed.
Band-Tailed Pigeons, Mourning Doves, and Snipe
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 2 band-tailed pigeons, 15 mourning doves, and 8 
snipe.
    General Conditions: The possession limits are three times the daily 
bag limits on all species unless otherwise noted. All other Federal 
regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20 apply. The following 
restrictions also apply:
    1. Hunting can occur on reservation and off reservation on lands 
where the Tribe has treaty-reserved hunting rights or has documented 
traditional use.
    2. Shooting hours for all species of waterfowl are one-half hour 
before sunrise to one-half after sunset.
    3. Hunters must be eligible enrolled Muckleshoot Tribal members and 
must carry their Tribal identification while hunting.
    4. Tribal members hunting migratory birds must also have a combined 
Migratory Bird Hunting Permit and Harvest Report Card.
    5. The use of live decoys and/or baiting to pursue any species of 
waterfowl is prohibited.
    6. Hunting for migratory birds is with shotgun only. Only steel, 
tungsten-iron, tungsten-polymer, tungsten-matrix, and tin shot are 
allowed for hunting waterfowl. It is unlawful to use or possess lead 
shot while hunting waterfowl.
    (o) Navajo Nation, Navajo Indian Reservation, Window Rock, Arizona 
(Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Ducks, Mergansers, Canada/Cackling Geese, and Coots
    Season Dates: Earliest opening dates with a split season to end on 
the last day of the season.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as State of Arizona.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-30, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 mourning doves. Possession 
limits are two times the daily bag limits.
Band-Tailed Pigeons
    Season Dates: September 1-14, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 band-tailed pigeons. Possession 
limits are two times the daily bag limits.
    General Conditions: Tribal members and nontribal hunters must 
comply with all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 
CFR part 20 pertaining to shooting hours and manner of taking. In 
addition, each waterfowl hunter aged 16 or older must carry on his/her 
person a valid Duck Stamp, which must be signed in ink across the face. 
Special regulations established by the Navajo Nation also apply on the 
reservation.
    (p) Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin, Oneida, Wisconsin (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks
    Season Dates: September 10-December 4, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 ducks, which can include no more 
than 3 female mallards, 2 redheads, 2 pintail, and 2 hooded mergansers. 
The possession limit is 24 ducks in the aggregate.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 5 geese (Canada/cackling geese, 
snow/blue geese, Ross's geese, and brant) and 20 in the aggregate. If 
500 geese are harvested before the season concludes, the Tribe will 
recommend closing the season early.
Woodcock
    Season Dates: September 1-November 6, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 and 4, respectively.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-November 6, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 20, respectively.
    General Conditions: Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise 
to 15 minutes after sunset. Nontribal hunters hunting on the 
Reservation or on lands under the jurisdiction of the Tribe must comply 
with all State of Wisconsin regulations, including shooting hours of 
one-half hour before sunrise to sunset, season dates, and daily bag 
limits. Tribal members and nontribal hunters hunting on the Reservation 
or on lands under the jurisdiction of the Tribe must observe all basic 
Federal migratory bird hunting regulations found in 50 CFR part 20, 
with the following exceptions: Oneida members are exempt from the 
purchase of the Duck Stamp, and shotgun capacity is not limited to 
three shells.
    (q) Point No Point Treaty Council Tribes, Kingston, Washington 
(Tribal Members Only).
Ducks, Mergansers, and Coots
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 7 ducks and mergansers. The daily 
bag and possession limits on harlequin ducks are 1 per season. The 
daily bag limits are 7 for coots. Possession limits are three times the 
daily bag limits.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 5 Canada/cackling geese, 6 light 
geese, and 10 white-fronted geese. There is a year-round closure on 
dusky Canada geese.
Brant
    Season Dates: January 1-31, 2023, for the Port Gamble S'Klallam 
Tribe, and January 15-31, 2023, for the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 brant. Possession limits are 
three times the daily bag limits.
Band-Tailed Pigeons
    Season Dates: September 15-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 band-tailed pigeons. Possession 
limits are three times the daily bag limits.

[[Page 53413]]

Snipe
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 8 snipe. Possession limits are 
three times the daily bag limits.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 mourning doves. Possession 
limits are three times the daily bag limits.
    General Conditions: Tribal members must possess a Tribal hunting 
permit from the Point No Point Tribal Council pursuant to Tribal law. 
Hunting hours are from one-half hour before sunrise to sunset. Hunters 
must observe all other basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations 
in 50 CFR part 20. The Tribal fish and wildlife enforcement officers 
have the authority to enforce these Tribal regulations.
    (r) Saginaw Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 
(Tribal Members Only).
Ducks, Mergansers, and Snipe
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 ducks, which can include no more than 5 each 
of the following: female mallards, wood ducks, black ducks, pintail, 
redhead, scaup, and canvasbacks. The possession limit is 40 ducks. The 
daily bag limit for mergansers is 10, no more than 5 of which may be 
hooded mergansers, and 16 snipe.
Geese, Coots, Gallinules, Sora, and Virginia Rails
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 geese, 20 coots and gallinules in aggregate, 
20 sora and Virginia rails in aggregate.
Woodcock and Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 woodcock and 25 mourning doves.
Sandhill Cranes
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 1 sandhill crane.
    General Conditions: Possession limits are twice the daily bag 
limits except for rails, of which the possession limit equals the daily 
bag limit (20). Tribal members must possess a Tribal hunting permit 
from the Saginaw Tribe pursuant to Tribal law. Shooting hours are one-
half hour before sunrise until one-half hour after sunset. Hunters must 
observe all other basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 
50 CFR part 20, including the use of only nontoxic shot for hunting 
waterfowl.
    (s) Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe, Darrington, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks, Geese, Brant, Coots, Mourning Doves, and Band-Tailed Pigeons
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20 ducks, 10 geese, 5 brant, and 
25 coots. The daily bag limit for mourning doves and band-tailed 
pigeons is 20 in the aggregate. The possession limits are two times the 
daily bag limits.
    General Conditions: Hunting hours are from one-half hour before 
sunrise to one-half hour after sunset. All other regulations in 50 CFR 
part 20 apply, including the use of only nontoxic shot for hunting 
waterfowl.
    (t) Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Sault Ste. Marie, 
Michigan (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks, Mergansers, and Snipe
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 ducks, which can include no more than 10 
mallards (5 female mallards), 5 wood ducks, 5 black ducks, and 5 
canvasbacks. The daily bag limits are 10 for mergansers and 16 for 
snipe.
Geese, Coots, Gallinules, Sora, and Virginia Rails
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022. In addition, any 
portion of the ceded territory that is open to State-licensed hunters 
for goose hunting after December 31 is also opened concurrently for 
Tribal members.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 geese, 20 coots and gallinules in the 
aggregate, 20 sora and Virginia rails in the aggregate.
Woodcock
    Season Dates: September 2-December 1, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 woodcock.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-November 14, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 mourning doves.
    General Conditions: Possession limits are twice the daily bag 
limits except for rails, of which the possession limit equals the daily 
bag limit (20). Tribal members who wish to hunt must possess a Tribal 
hunting permit from the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe pursuant to Tribal law. 
Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise until one-half hour 
after sunset. Hunters must observe all other basic Federal migratory 
bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20, including the use of only 
nontoxic shot for hunting waterfowl.
    (u) Skokomish Tribe, Shelton, Washington (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks and Coots
    Season Dates: September 16, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 7 ducks, including no more than 2 
female mallards, 1 pintail, 1 canvasback, and 2 redheads. The daily bag 
and possession limits for harlequin ducks are 1 per season. The daily 
bag limits for coots are 25. The possession limits are two times the 
daily bag limits, except as noted above.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 16, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 4, including no more than 3 light 
geese. The possession limits are two times the daily bag limits. Closed 
season on Aleutian Canada geese.
Brant
    Season Dates: November 1, 2022-February 15, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 brant. The possession limits are 
two times the daily bag limits.
Mourning Doves, Band-Tailed Pigeons, and Snipe
    Season Dates: September 16, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 mourning doves, 2 band-tailed 
pigeons, and 8 snipe. The possession limits are two times the daily bag 
limits.
    General Conditions: All Tribal members authorized to hunt migratory 
birds are required to obtain a Tribal hunting permit from the Skokomish 
Tribe pursuant to Tribal law. Shooting hours are from one-half hour 
before sunrise to sunset. Only steel, tungsten-iron, tungsten-polymer, 
tungsten-matrix, and tin shot are allowed for hunting waterfowl. It is 
unlawful to use or possess lead shot while hunting waterfowl. The 
Skokomish Public Safety Office enforcement officers have the authority 
to enforce these migratory bird hunting regulations.
    (v) Spokane Tribe of Indians, Spokane Indian Reservation, 
Wellpinit, Washington (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks
    Season Dates: September 2, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as State of Washington.

[[Page 53414]]

Geese
    Season Dates: September 2, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as State of Washington.
    General Conditions: Tribal members must possess a Tribal hunting 
permit from the Spokane Indian Tribe pursuant to Tribal law. Shooting 
hours are one-half hour before sunrise until sunset. Hunters must 
observe all other basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 
50 CFR part 20.
    (w) Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians, Arlington, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks and Geese
    Season Dates: October 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 ducks (including sea ducks and 
mergansers), no more than 7 mallards (3 of which may be female), 3 
pintail, 3 redheads, 3 scaup, 4 hooded mergansers, and 3 canvasbacks. 
Possession limits are two times the daily bag limits. Six Canada/
cackling geese, 12 white-fronted geese, and 8 light geese. The 
possession limits are three times the daily bag limits. The season on 
brant is closed.
Coots, Snipe, and Swans
    Season Dates: October 1, 2022-January 31, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 coots and 10 snipe. The 
possession limits are two times the daily bag limits. The daily bag and 
possession limits for swans are 2 per season. Swan hunters must have a 
swan hunting permit issued by the Tribe.
    General Conditions: Tribal members hunting on lands must observe 
all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations found in 50 CFR 
part 20, which will be enforced by the Stillaguamish Tribal Law 
Enforcement. Tribal members are required to use steel shot or a 
nontoxic shot as required by Federal regulations. The swan season is by 
special draw permit only.
    (x) Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, LaConner, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks (Including Mergansers), Geese, Coots, Snipe, Brant, Mourning 
Doves, and Band-Tailed Pigeon
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-March 10, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20 ducks, 10 geese, 5 brant, 25 
coots, 15 snipe, 15 mourning doves, and 3 band-tailed pigeons. The 
possession limits are two times the daily bag limits, except that the 
possession limit for coots is three times the daily bag limit.
    General Conditions: Shooting hours are from 30 minutes before 
official sunrise until 30 minutes after official sunset. Tribal members 
must use steel shot or a nontoxic shot as required by Federal 
regulations. Lead shot is prohibited. All Tribal regulations will be 
enforced by Tribal fish and game officers.
    (y) The Tulalip Tribes of Washington, Tulalip Indian Reservation, 
Marysville, Washington (Tribal Members Only).
Ducks (Including Mergansers), Coots, and Snipe
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 ducks and 30 in possession, 
except for blue-winged teal, canvasbacks, harlequin ducks, pintail, and 
wood ducks. Daily bag and possession limits are the same as the limits 
established by the State of Washington. 25 coots and 75 in possession. 
8 snipe and 24 in possession. Ceremonial hunting may be authorized by 
the Department of Natural Resources at any time upon application of a 
qualified Tribal member. Such a hunt must have a bag limit designed to 
limit harvest only to those birds necessary to provide for the 
ceremony.
Geese
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 geese and 30 in possession, 
except that the bag limits for cackling geese and dusky Canada geese 
are the same as the limits established by the State of Washington. 5 
brant and 10 in possession.
Mourning Doves and Band-Tailed Pigeons
    Season Dates: September 1, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 mourning doves and 45 in 
possession. 4 band-tailed pigeons and 12 in possession.
    General Conditions: All hunters on Tulalip Tribal lands must adhere 
to shooting hour regulations set at one-half hour before sunrise to 
sunset, the use of federally approved nontoxic shot, special Tribal 
permit requirements, and a number of other Tribal regulations enforced 
by the Tribe. Each nontribal hunter 16 years of age and older hunting 
pursuant to Tulalip Tribes' Ordinance No. 67 must possess a valid 
Federal Duck Stamp and a valid State of Washington Migratory Waterfowl 
Stamp. Each hunter must validate the stamp by signing across the face.
    (z) Upper Skagit Indian Tribe, Sedro Woolley, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks
    Season Dates: October 1, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 ducks and 20 in possession.
Coots
    Season Dates: October 1, 2022-February 15, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20 coots and 30 in possession.
Geese
    Season Dates: October 1, 2022-February 28, 2023.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 7 geese and 10 in possession.
Brant
    Season Dates: November 1-10, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 brant and 2 in possession.
Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-December 31, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 12 mourning doves and 15 in 
possession.
    General Conditions: Tribal members must have the Tribal 
identification and harvest report card on their person to hunt. Tribal 
members hunting on the Reservation will observe all basic Federal 
migratory bird hunting regulations found in 50 CFR part 20, except 
shooting hours are 15 minutes before official sunrise to 15 minutes 
after official sunset.
    (aa) Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation (Tribal 
Members Only).
Sandhill Cranes
    Season Dates: October 1-December 11, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 1 sandhill crane per member/permit 
(10 permits total).
Swans (Tundra/Trumpeter)
    Season Dates: September 17-October 1, 2022.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 1 swan per member/permit (5 
permits total). The Tribe requires all swan hunters to successfully 
complete an educational course on swan identification and conservation 
to minimize take of trumpeter swans during the swan season. All hunters 
that harvest a swan must have the swan or species-determinant parts 
examined by a biologist or other designated representative of the Tribe 
within 72 hours of harvest for species

[[Page 53415]]

determination. The Tribe will evaluate hunter participation, species-
specific swan harvest, and hunter compliance in providing species-
determinant parts (at least the intact head) of harvested swans for 
species identification. The Tribe will use appropriate measures to 
maximize hunter compliance with the Tribe's program for swan harvest 
reporting. The Tribe will provide to the Service by June 30 following 
the swan season a report detailing hunter participation, species-
specific swan harvest, and hunter compliance in reporting harvest.
    General Conditions: No rifles, revolvers, pistols, or shotgun 
pellets larger than #2 birdshot may be used in pursuit of migratory 
game birds. Only Service-approved nontoxic shot may be used to take 
migratory game birds. No baiting is allowed, including no take of 
sandhill cranes on or over lands where standing crops have been 
manipulated to distribute or scatter grain or other feed on the land 
where it was grown. The Tribe hunts other migratory game birds but 
follows the State of Utah (Uintah and Duchesne Counties) for seasons 
and bag limits except for in some cases where the Tribe may be more 
restrictive. For additional information, see the Ute Indian Tribes 
General Hunting Regulations.
    (bb) White Earth Band of Ojibwe, White Earth, Minnesota (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ducks
    Season Dates: September 10-December 11, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 ducks, including no more than 2 female 
mallards, 2 pintail, and 2 canvasbacks.
Mergansers
    Season Dates: September 10-December 11, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 5 mergansers, no more than 2 of which may be 
hooded mergansers.
Geese
    Season Dates: Early season is September 1-23, 2022, and late season 
is September 24-December 18, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 geese in the early season and 7 geese in the 
late season.
Coots
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 coots.
Snipe, Woodcock, Rails, and Mourning Doves
    Season Dates: September 1-November 30, 2022.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 snipe, 10 woodcock, 25 rails, and 25 mourning 
doves.
    General Conditions: Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise 
to one-half hour after sunset. Nontoxic shot is required. The White 
Earth Reservation Tribal Council employs four full-time conservation 
officers to enforce migratory bird regulations.
    (cc) White Mountain Apache Tribe, Fort Apache Indian Reservation, 
Whiteriver, Arizona (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Ducks (Except Scaup), Coots, Mergansers, Gallinules
    Season Dates: October 15, 2022-January 22, 2023 (scaup November 5, 
2022-January 22, 2023).
    Daily Bag Limits: 7 ducks (including mergansers), which may include 
no more than 2 redheads, 1 pintail, 2 scaup (when open), 2 female 
mallards, and 2 canvasbacks. The daily bag limit for coots and 
gallinules is 25 in the aggregate.
Canada/Cackling Geese
    Season Dates: October 15, 2022-January 22, 2023.
    Daily Bag Limits: 3 Canada/cackling geese.
    General Conditions: Possession limits are two times the daily bag 
limits. Shooting hours are from one-half hour before sunrise to sunset. 
There is no open season for mourning doves, band-tailed pigeons, 
sandhill cranes, rails, and snipe. Tribal members and nontribal hunters 
must comply with all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations 
in 50 CFR part 20. Special regulations that apply to Tribal members and 
nontribal hunters may be obtained from the White Mountain Apache Tribe 
Game and Fish Department.

Maureen D. Foster,
Chief of Staff, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife 
and Parks.
[FR Doc. 2022-18747 Filed 8-30-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4333-15-P