[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 158 (Wednesday, August 17, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 50575-50584]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-17651]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 141

[EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407; FRL-9834-01-OW]


Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the 
Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis 
and Sampling Procedures

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This action announces the Environmental Protection Agency's 
(EPA's) approval of alternative testing methods for use in measuring 
the levels of contaminants in drinking water to determine compliance 
with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe Drinking 
Water Act authorizes EPA to approve the use of alternative testing 
methods through publication in the Federal Register. EPA is using this 
streamlined authority to make seven additional methods available for 
analyzing drinking water samples. This expedited approach provides 
public water systems, laboratories, and primacy agencies with more 
timely access to new measurement techniques and greater flexibility in 
the selection of analytical methods, thereby reducing monitoring costs 
while maintaining public health protection.

DATES: This action is effective August 17, 2022.

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID 
No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407. All documents in the docket are listed on the 
https://www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business 
information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted 
by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is 
not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard 
copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available 
electronically through https://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Glynda Smith, Technical Support 
Center, Standards and Risk Management Division, Office of Ground Water 
and Drinking Water (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West 
Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268; telephone number: (513) 
569-7652; email address: [email protected].

[[Page 50576]]


SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    Public water systems are the regulated entities required to measure 
contaminants in drinking water samples. In addition, EPA Regions as 
well as States and Tribal governments with authority to administer the 
regulatory program for public water systems under the Safe Drinking 
Water Act (SDWA) may measure contaminants in water samples. When EPA 
sets a monitoring requirement in its national primary drinking water 
regulations for a given contaminant, the agency also establishes (in 
the regulations) standardized test procedures for analysis of the 
contaminant. This action makes alternative testing methods available 
for particular drinking water contaminants beyond the testing methods 
currently established in the regulations. EPA is providing public water 
systems, required to test water samples, with a choice of using either 
a test procedure already established in the existing regulations or an 
alternative testing method that has been approved in this action or in 
prior expedited approval actions. Categories and entities that may 
ultimately be affected by this action include:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Examples of
            Category              potentially regulated     NAICS \1\
                                        entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, local, & Tribal           State, local, and       924110
 governments.                     Tribal governments
                                  that analyze water
                                  samples on behalf of
                                  public water systems
                                  required to conduct
                                  such analysis; State,
                                  local, and Tribal
                                  governments that
                                  directly operate
                                  community and non-
                                  transient non-
                                  community water
                                  systems required to
                                  monitor.
Industry.......................  Private operators of    221310
                                  community and non-
                                  transient non-
                                  community water
                                  systems required to
                                  monitor.
Municipalities.................  Municipal operators of  924110
                                  community and non-
                                  transient non-
                                  community water
                                  systems required to
                                  monitor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be interested in this 
action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also have 
some interest. To determine whether your facility is affected by this 
action, you should carefully examine the applicability language in the 
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 40 CFR 141.2 (definition of a 
public water system). If you have questions regarding the applicability 
of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the 
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Action

CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency
LED: Light emitting diode
NAICS: North American Industry Classification System
QC: Quality Control
SDWA: The Safe Drinking Water Act
VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies

II. Background

A. What is the purpose of this action?

    In this action, EPA is approving seven analytical methods for 
determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water samples 
collected under SDWA. Regulated entities required to sample and monitor 
may use either the testing methods already established in existing 
regulations or the alternative testing methods being approved in this 
action or in prior expedited approval actions. The new methods are 
listed along with other methods similarly approved through previous 
expedited actions in 40 CFR part 141, appendix A to subpart C and on 
EPA's drinking water methods website at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.

B. What is the basis for this action?

    When EPA determines that an alternative analytical method is 
``equally effective'' (i.e., as effective as a method that has already 
been promulgated in the regulations), SDWA allows EPA to approve the 
use of the alternative testing method through publication in the 
Federal Register (see section 1401(1) of SDWA). EPA is using this 
streamlined approval authority to make seven additional methods 
available for determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water 
samples collected under SDWA. EPA has determined that, for each 
contaminant or group of contaminants listed in section III of this 
preamble, the additional testing methods being approved in this action 
are as effective as one or more of the testing methods already approved 
in the regulations for those contaminants. Section 1401(1) of SDWA 
states that the newly approved methods ``shall be treated as an 
alternative for public water systems to the quality control and testing 
procedures listed in the regulation.'' Accordingly, this action makes 
these additional seven analytical methods legally available as options 
for meeting EPA's monitoring requirements.
    This action does not add regulatory language, but does, for 
informational purposes, update an appendix to the regulations at 40 CFR 
part 141 that lists all methods approved under section 1401(1) of SDWA. 
Accordingly, while this action is not a rule, it is updating CFR text 
and therefore is being published in the ``Final Rules'' section of the 
Federal Register.

III. Summary of Approvals

    EPA is approving seven methods that are equally effective relative 
to methods previously promulgated in the regulations. By means of this 
action, these seven methods are added to appendix A to subpart C of 40 
CFR part 141.

A. Methods Developed by EPA

    1. EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0. Radium-228 in Drinking Water 
(USEPA 2022). EPA Method 904.0 (USEPA 1980) was published in the 
drinking water regulations at 40 CFR 141.25(a) as an approved method 
for radium-228. The approved method describes a single-point 
calibration, contains no quality control specifications, and provides 
no calculation for the drinking water detection limit. EPA Method 
904.0, Revision 1.0 was developed in response to comments from 
stakeholders requesting a method revision that provides clearly defined 
calibration and quality control criteria to assure a more robust 
procedure capable of yielding consistent and reliable analytical 
results. The primary analytical steps in Revision 1.0 are unchanged 
relative to the approved method.
    The revised method contains detailed instructions on preparing an 
appropriate calibration curve based on the allowable yield ranges 
instead of relying on a single-point calibration. Assessing the 
efficiency based on a yield range will improve the accuracy in the 
final

[[Page 50577]]

calculated activity whereas a single-point calibration assumes that 
every sample will yield the same mass of solid precipitate.
    The revised method contains the quality control specifications that 
laboratories must follow in order to obtain and maintain Method 904.0, 
Revision 1.0 certification to analyze drinking water compliance 
samples. In addition to incorporation of specific quality control 
requirements and acceptance criteria, the revised method contains 
options for yield determinations. In EPA Method 904.0, two different 
yields are monitored based on the precipitated products; namely, 
radium-228 is separated from the sample by co-precipitation with barium 
sulfate, then ingrown actinium-228 is separated by co-precipitation 
with yttrium oxalate. The currently approved method relies on 
gravimetric determination of the final barium sulfate precipitate to 
estimate the fractional yield of radium carried on the precipitate. The 
revised method allows the option to incorporate barium-133 as a 
radiochemical yield monitor. Barium-133 is a non-interfering gamma 
emitter that is carried through the precipitation and complexation 
steps along with radium-228. Incorporation of a radiochemical yield 
monitor provides a sensitive option to assess yield based on activity 
instead of mass. The currently approved method also describes 
preparation of a final yttrium oxalate nonahydrate precipitate to 
determine the fractional yield of actinium-228 carried on the 
precipitate. Yttrium oxalate can be precipitated in the form of several 
different hydrates with the predominate form dependent on the pH. This 
issue is not discussed in the original method and can increase 
variability in the yield results. The revised method discusses the 
importance of pH control and includes the option to convert the yttrium 
oxalate nonahydrate to yttrium oxide to eliminate the issue posed by 
the presence of multiple hydrates.
    The revised method contains an expanded ``calculations'' section 
that includes the appropriate equation for determining the radionuclide 
drinking water detection limit as defined in the regulations at 40 CFR 
141.25(c).
    EPA has determined that EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0 is equally 
effective for determining radium-228 in drinking water samples, 
relative to the approved method. The basis for this determination is 
discussed in greater detail in Smith 2022a. Therefore, EPA is approving 
EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0 for determining radium-228 in drinking 
water. EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0 is available at the National 
Service Center for Environmental Publications at https://www.epa.gov/nscep.

B. Methods Developed by Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)

    1. ASTM International. EPA compared the most recent versions of 
three ASTM International methods to the earlier versions of those 
methods that are currently approved in 40 CFR part 141. Changes between 
the earlier approved version and the most recent version of each method 
are described more fully in Smith 2022b. The revisions involve 
primarily editorial changes (e.g., updated references, definitions, 
terminology, procedural clarifications, and reorganization of text). 
The revised methods are the same as the approved versions with respect 
to sample collection and handling protocols, sample preparation, 
analytical methodology, and method performance data; thus, EPA finds 
they are equally effective relative to the approved methods.
    EPA is thus approving the use of the following ASTM methods for the 
contaminants and their respective regulations listed in the following 
table:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       ASTM revised version            Approved method        Contaminant(s)           Regulation citations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D 4785-20 (ASTM 2020a)............  D 4785-00 (ASTM 2000)  Radioactive iodine,   40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                                            gamma emitters.
D 4107-20 (ASTM 2020b)............  D 4107-98 (ASTM        Tritium.............  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                     1998a).
D 5317-20 (ASTM 2020c)............  D 5317-98 (ASTM        2,4-D,                40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).
                                     1998b).                Pentachlorophenol,
                                                            Picloram, 2,4,5-TP.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The ASTM methods are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr 
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or https://www.astm.org.

C. Methods Developed by Vendors

    1. Tintometer Lovibond TB 3500 Method--Measurement of Drinking 
Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample Using a Lovibond White Light LED 
Portable Turbidimeter (Tintometer 2021a). The Tintometer Lovibond TB 
3500 Method uses white light emitting diode (LED) nephelometry in a 
portable turbidimeter to measure turbidity in drinking water. The LED 
emits white light in the visible spectrum between 380 nm and 780 nm, 
with spectral peak response between 400 nm and 600 nm. The method is 
based on a comparison of the intensity of light scattered by a drinking 
water sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light 
scattered by a standard reference suspension.
    Approved methods for turbidity are listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1). 
The performance characteristics of the Lovibond TB 3500 Method were 
compared to the performance characteristics of the approved Hach 
FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company 2000) and continuous online 
process Tintometer Lovibond PTV 1000 method (Tintometer 2016a). The 
validation study report (Tintometer 2021b) summarizes the results 
obtained from the turbidimeters tested at three different utilities. 
Each utility used surface water sources, but different treatment 
technologies. Method precision, bias, linearity, limits of detection, 
and reporting limits were determined at the first site, with subsequent 
sites being used for direct ATP candidate-, reference-, and process-
method comparability.
    EPA has determined that the Lovibond TB 3500 Method is equally 
effective relative to Hach FilterTrak Method 10133. The basis for this 
determination is discussed in Adams 2022a. Therefore, EPA is approving 
the Lovibond TB 3500 Method for determining turbidity in drinking 
water. A copy of the method is available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
    2. Tintometer Lovibond TB 5000 Method--Measurement of Drinking 
Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample Using a Lovibond 660-nm LED 
Portable Turbidimeter (Tintometer 2021c). The Tintometer Lovibond TB 
5000 Method uses light emitting diode (LED) nephelometry in a portable 
turbidimeter to measure turbidity in drinking water. The LED emits 660-
nm light to reduce interferences due to dissolved organics and sample 
color. The method is based on a comparison of the intensity of light 
scattered by a drinking water sample under defined conditions with the 
intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension.
    Approved methods for turbidity are listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1). 
The

[[Page 50578]]

performance characteristics of the Lovibond TB 5000 Method were 
compared to the performance characteristics of the approved Hach 
FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company 2000) and continuous online 
process Tintometer Lovibond PTV 2000 method (Tintometer 2016b). The 
validation study report (Tintometer 2021b) summarizes the results 
obtained from the turbidimeters placed online at three different 
utilities. Each utility used surface water sources, but different 
treatment technologies. Method precision, bias, linearity, limits of 
detection, and reporting limits were determined at the first site, with 
subsequent sites being used for direct ATP candidate-, reference-, and 
process-method comparability.
    EPA has determined that the Lovibond TB 5000 Method is equally 
effective relative to Hach FilterTrak Method 10133. The basis for this 
determination is discussed in Adams 2022b. Therefore, EPA is approving 
the Lovibond TB 5000 Method for determining turbidity in drinking 
water. A copy of the method is available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
    3. Tintometer Lovibond TB 6000 Method--Measurement of Drinking 
Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample Using a Lovibond Portable Laser 
Turbidimeter (Tintometer 2021d). The Tintometer Lovibond TB 6000 Method 
uses laser nephelometry in a portable turbidimeter to measure turbidity 
in drinking water. The method uses a laser diode with a peak emitting 
center wavelength between 650 nm and 690 nm. The method is based on a 
comparison of the intensity of light scattered by a drinking water 
sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light scattered 
by a standard reference suspension.
    Approved methods for turbidity are listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1). 
The performance characteristics of the Lovibond TB 6000 Method were 
compared to the performance characteristics of the approved Hach 
FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company 2000) and continuous online 
process Tintometer Lovibond PTV 6000 method (Tintometer 2016c). The 
validation study report (Tintometer 2021b) summarizes the results 
obtained from the turbidimeters placed online at three different 
utilities. Each utility used surface water sources, but different 
treatment technologies. Method precision, bias, linearity, limits of 
detection, and reporting limits were determined at the first site, with 
subsequent sites being used for direct ATP candidate-, reference-, and 
process-method comparability.
    EPA has determined that the Lovibond TB 6000 Method is equally 
effective relative to Hach Filter TrakMethod 10133. The basis for this 
determination is discussed in Adams 2022c. Therefore, EPA is approving 
the Lovibond TB 6000 Method for determining turbidity in drinking 
water. A copy of the method is available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    As noted in section II of this preamble, under the terms of SDWA 
section 1401(1), this streamlined method approval action is not a rule. 
Accordingly, the Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as 
added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 
1996, does not apply because this action is not a rule for purposes of 
5 U.S.C. 804(3). Similarly, this action is not subject to the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act because it is not subject to notice and 
comment requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any 
other statute. In addition, because this approval action is not a rule, 
but simply makes alternative testing methods available as options for 
monitoring under SDWA, EPA has concluded that other statutes and 
executive orders generally applicable to rulemaking do not apply to 
this approval action.

V. References

Adams, W. 2022a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited 
approval of Tintometer Lovibond TB 3500 turbidimeter. February 9, 
2022. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Adams, W. 2022b. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited 
approval of Tintometer Lovibond TB 5000 turbidimeter. February 9, 
2022. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Adams, W. 2022c. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited 
approval of Tintometer Lovibond TB 6000 turbidimeter. February 9, 
2022. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
ASTM International. 1998a. ASTM D 4107-98. Standard Test Method for 
Tritium in Drinking Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor 
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 1998b. ASTM D 5317-98. Standard Test Method for 
Determination of Chlorinated Organic Acid Compounds in Water by Gas 
Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. ASTM 
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2000. ASTM D 4785-00. Standard Test Method for 
Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water. ASTM 
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2020a. ASTM D 4785-20. Standard Test Method for 
Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water. ASTM 
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2020b. ASTM D 4107-20. Standard Test Method for 
Tritium in Drinking Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor 
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2020c. ASTM D 5317-20. Standard Test Method for 
Determination of Chlorinated Organic Acid Compounds in Water by Gas 
Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. ASTM 
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
Hach Company. 2000. Hach FilterTrak Method 10133. Determination of 
Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry. January 2000, Revision 2.0. Hach 
Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, Loveland, Colorado 80539. (Available 
at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Smith, G. 2022a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited 
approval of EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0. January 10, 2022. 
(Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2022-0407.)
Smith, G. 2022b. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited 
approval of updated methods from ASTM International. January 5, 
2022. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2016a. Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity 
using a Lovibond PTV 1000 White Light LED Turbidimeter--The Lovibond 
White Light Method. December 2016. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 
6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2016b. Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity 
using a Lovibond PTV 2000 660-nm LED Turbidimeter--The Lovibond 660-
nm LED Method. December 2016. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2016c. Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity 
using a Lovibond PTV 6000 Laser Turbidimeter--The Lovibond 6000 
Laser

[[Page 50579]]

Method. December 2016. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland 
Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021a. Lovibond TB 3500: Measurement of a Captured Sample 
using a Lovibond White Light LED Portable Turbidimeter. May 2021. 
Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 
34243. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021b. Alternate Test Procedure (ATP) Validation Study 
Report for the Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity up to 10 NTU 
using the Lovibond Portable Turbidimeter Methods. April 26, 2021. 
Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available 
at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021c. Lovibond TB 5000: Measurement of Drinking Water 
Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond 660-nm LED Portable 
Turbidimeter. May 2021. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland 
Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021d. Lovibond TB 6000: Measurement of Drinking Water 
Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond Portable Laser 
Turbidimeter. May 2021. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland 
Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
USEPA. 1980. EPA Method 904.0. Radium-228 in Drinking Water in 
``Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking 
Water,'' EPA-600/4-80-032, August 1980. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
USEPA. 2022. EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0. Radium-228 in Drinking 
Water. EPA 815-B-22-003. March 2022. (Available at https://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141

    Environmental protection, Chemicals, Indians--lands, 
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Water supply.

Jennifer L. McLain,
Director, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental 
Protection Agency amends 40 CFR part 141 as follows:

PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

0
1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 
300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9, and 300j-11.


0
2. Amend appendix A to subpart C of Part 141 by:
0
a. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR 
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1)'';
0
b. In the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS 
LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.25(a)'' revise the entries for ``Radium 228,'' 
``Radioactive Iodine,'' ``Tritium,'' and ``Gamma Emitters'';
0
c. In the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS 
LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)'' revise the entry for ``Turbidity'';
0
d. Revise footnotes ``7'', ``10'', ``11'', ``12'', ``15'', ``18'', 
``19'', ``27'', ``30'', ``47'', and ``50''; and,
0
e. Add footnotes 62 through 65.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

APPENDIX A TO SUBPART C OF PART 141--ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS 
APPROVED FOR ANALYSES UNDER THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT

* * * * *

                                       Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.24 (e)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                          SM 22nd
                                                                    SM 21st edition   edition,\28\ SM
         Contaminant              Methodology       EPA method            \1\          23rd edition     SM Online \ 3\      ASTM \4\          Other
                                                                                           \49\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benzene......................  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Carbon tetrachloride.........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Chlorobenzene................  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene..........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene..........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
1,2-Dichloroethane...........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
cis-Dichloroethylene.........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
trans-Dichloroethylene.......  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Dichloromethane..............  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.

[[Page 50580]]

 
1,2-Dichloropropane..........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Ethylbenzene.................  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Styrene......................  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Tetrachloroethylene..........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Trichloroethylene............  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Toluene......................  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.......  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
1,1-Dichloroethylene.........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
1,1,2-Trichlorethane.........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Vinyl chloride...............  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Xylenes (total)..............  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4..
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
2,4-D........................  Gas               ................  6640 B..........  6640 B..........  6640 B-01, B-06  D 5317-20.       ...............
                                Chromatography/
                                Electron
                                Capture
                                Detection (GC/
                                ECD).
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)............  Gas               ................  6640 B..........  6640 B..........  6640 B-01, B-06  D 5317-20.       ...............
                                Chromatography/
                                Electron
                                Capture
                                Detection (GC/
                                ECD).
Alachlor.....................  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Atrazine.....................  Liquid            \25\ 536.
                                Chromatography
                                Electrospray
                                Ionization
                                Tandem Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (LC/ESI-MS/MS).
                               Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3, \26\
                                Extraction/Gas    523.
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS)

[[Page 50581]]

 
Benzo(a)pyrene...............  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3......
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Carbofuran...................  High-performance  ................  6610 B..........  6610 B..........  6610 B-04.
                                liquid
                                chromatography
                                (HPLC) with
                                post-column
                                derivatization
                                and
                                fluorescence
                                detection.
                               Liquid            ................  ................  ................  ...............  ...............  \58\ ME 531
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Chlordane....................  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3......
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Dalapon......................  Ion               \14\ 557.
                                Chromatography
                                Electrospray
                                Ionization
                                Tandem Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (IC-ESI-MS/MS).
                               Gas               ................  6640 B..........  6640 B..........  6640 B-01, B-
                                Chromatography/                                                         06.
                                Electron
                                Capture
                                Detection (GC/
                                ECD).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate......  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate....  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)..  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3.
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Dinoseb......................  Gas               ................  6640 B..........  6640 B..........  6640 B-01, B-
                                Chromatography/                                                         06.
                                Electron
                                Capture
                                Detection (GC/
                                ECD).
Endrin.......................  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Ethyl dibromide (EDB)........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3.
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
Glyphosate...................  High-Performance  ................  6651 B..........  6651 B..........  6651 B-00, B-
                                Liquid                                                                  05.
                                Chromatography
                                (HPLC) with
                                Post-Column
                                Derivatization
                                and
                                Fluorescence
                                Detection.

[[Page 50582]]

 
Heptachlor...................  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Heptachlor Epoxide...........  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Hexachlorobenzene............  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene...  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Lindane......................  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Methoxychlor.................  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Oxamyl.......................  High-performance  ................  6610 B..........  6610 B..........  6610 B-04.
                                liquid
                                chromatography
                                (HPLC) with
                                post-column
                                derivatization
                                and
                                fluorescence
                                detection.
                               Liquid            ................  ................  ................  ...............  ...............  \58\ ME 531.
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
PCBs (as Aroclors)...........  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Pentachlorophenol............  Gas               ................  6640 B..........  6640 B..........  6640 B-01, B-06  D 5317-20.
                                Chromatography/
                                Electron
                                Capture
                                Detection (GC/
                                ECD).
                               Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Picloram.....................  Gas               ................  6640 B..........  6640 B..........  6640 B-01, B-06  D 5317-20......  ...............
                                Chromatography/
                                Electron
                                Capture
                                Detection (GC/
                                ECD).
Simazine.....................  Liquid            \25\ 536.
                                Chromatography
                                Electrospray
                                Ionization
                                Tandem Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (LC/ESI-MS/MS).

[[Page 50583]]

 
                               Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3, \26\
                                Extraction/Gas    523.
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Toxaphene....................  Solid Phase       \24\ 525.3.
                                Extraction/Gas
                                Chromatography/
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry
                                (GC/MS).
Total Trihalomethanes........  Purge &Trap/Gas   \9\ 524.3, \29\
                                Chromatography/   524.4.
                                Mass
                                Spectrometry.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                         Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.25(a)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    SM 22nd
           Contaminant                Methodology         EPA method        SM 21st edition     edition,\28\ SM        ASTM \4\          SM Online \3\
                                                                                  \1\          23rd edition \49\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
Radium 228......................  Radiochemical.....  904.0, Rev. 1.0     7500-Ra D.........  7500-Ra D.
                                                       \62\.
                                  Gamma Spectrometry  ..................  ..................  7500-Ra E.........  ..................  7500-Ra E-07.
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
Radioactive Iodine..............  Radiochemical.....  ..................  7500-I B, 7500-I    7500-I B, 7500-I    D 3649-06.
                                                                           C, 7500-I D.        C, 7500-I D.
                                  Gamma Ray           ..................  7120..............  7120..............  D 4785-08, -20.     ..................
                                   Spectrometry.
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
Tritium.........................  Liquid              ..................  7500-\3\ H B......  7500-\3\ H B......  D 4107-08, -20
                                   Scintillation.
Gamma Emitters..................  Gamma Ray           ..................  7120, 7500-Cs B,    7120, 7500-Cs B,    D 3649-06, D 4785-  ..................
                                   Spectrometry.                           7500-I B.           7500-I B.           08, -20.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        SM 21st edition     SM 22nd edition     SM 23rd edition
            Organism                  Methodology             \1\                \28\                \49\            SM online \3\           Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
Turbidity.......................  Nephelometric       2130 B............  2130 B............  2130 B............  ..................  Hach Method 8195,
                                   Method.                                                                                             Rev. 3.0.\52\
                                  Laser Nephelometry  ..................  ..................  ..................  ..................  Mitchell
                                   (on-line).                                                                                          M5271,\10\
                                                                                                                                       Mitchell M5331,
                                                                                                                                       Rev. 1.2,\42\
                                                                                                                                       Lovibond PTV
                                                                                                                                       6000.\46\
                                  LED Nephelometry    ..................  ..................  ..................  ..................  Mitchell
                                   (on-line).                                                                                          M5331,\11\
                                                                                                                                       Mitchell M5331,
                                                                                                                                       Rev. 1.2 \42\,
                                                                                                                                       Lovibond PTV
                                                                                                                                       2000.\45\
                                  LED Nephelometry    ..................  ..................  ..................  ..................  AMI Turbiwell,\15\
                                   (on-line).                                                                                          Lovibond PTV
                                                                                                                                       1000.\44\
                                  LED Nephelometry    ..................  ..................  ..................  ..................  Orion AQ4500,\12\
                                   (portable).                                                                                         Lovibond TB
                                                                                                                                       3500,\64\
                                                                                                                                       Lovibond TB
                                                                                                                                       5000.\65\
                                  Laser Nephelometry  ..................  ..................  ..................  ..................  Lovibond TB 6000
                                   (portable).                                                                                         \63\.
                                  360[deg]            ..................  ..................  ..................  ..................  Hach Method 10258,
                                   Nephelometry.                                                                                       Rev. 1.0,\39\
                                                                                                                                       Hach Method
                                                                                                                                       10258, Rev.
                                                                                                                                       2.0.\51\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * * * * * * *
\1\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street
  NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
 * * * * * * *
\3\ Standard Methods Online are available at http://www.standardmethods.org. The year in which each method was approved by the Standard Methods
  Committee is designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be used.
\4\ Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or http://astm.org. The methods listed are the only
  alternative versions that may be used.
 * * * * * * *
\7\ Method ME355.01, Revision 1.0. ``Determination of Cyanide in Drinking Water by GC/MS Headspace,'' May 26, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or
  from James Eaton, H & E Testing Laboratory, 221 State Street, Augusta, ME 04333. (207) 287-2727.
 * * * * * * *
\9\ EPA Method 524.3, Version 1.0. ``Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.''
  June 2009. EPA 815-B-09-009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov.
\10\ Mitchell Method M5271, Revision 1.1. ``Determination of Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry,'' March 5, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from
  Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507.

[[Page 50584]]

 
\11\ Mitchell Method M5331, Revision 1.1. ``Determination of Turbidity by LED Nephelometry,'' March 5, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from
  Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507.
\12\ Orion Method AQ4500, Revision 1.0. ``Determination of Turbidity by LED Nephelometry,'' May 8, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from
  Thermo Scientific, 166 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA 01915, http://www.thermo.com.
 * * * * * * *
\14\ EPA Method 557. ``Determination of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate, and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem
  Mass Spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS),'' September 2009. EPA 815-B-09-012. Available at https://www.nemi.gov.
\15\ AMI Turbiwell, ``Continuous Measurement of Turbidity Using a SWAN AMI Turbiwell Turbidimeter,'' August 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or
  from Markus Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13, CH-8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
 * * * * * * *
\18\ EPA Method 302.0. ``Determination of Bromate in Drinking Water using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection,''
  September 2009. EPA 815-B-09-014. Available at https://www.nemi.gov.
\19\ EPA 415.3, Revision 1.2. ``Determination of Total Organic Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at 254 nm in Source Water and Drinking Water,''
  September 2009. EPA/600/R-09/122. Available at http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods.
 * * * * * * *
\24\ EPA Method 525.3. ``Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).'' February 2012. EPA/600/R-12/010. Available at http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods.
\25\ EPA Method 536. ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization
  Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS).'' October 2007. EPA 815-B-07-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at
  https://www.epa.gov/nscep.
\26\ EPA Method 523. ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).''
  February 2011. EPA 815-R-11-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at https://www.epa.gov/nscep.
\27\ EPA Method 1623.1. ``Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA,'' 2012. EPA-816-R-12-001. Available at the National Service Center
  for Environmental Publications at https://www.epa.gov/nscep.
\28\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd edition (2012). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street
  NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
\29\ EPA Method 524.4, Version 1.0. ``Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry using Nitrogen Purge
  Gas.'' May 2013. EPA 815-R-13-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at https://www.epa.gov/nscep.
\30\ Charm Sciences Inc. ``Fast Phage Test Procedure. Presence/Absence for Coliphage in Ground Water with Same Day Positive Prediction''. Version 009.
  November 2012. 659 Andover Street, Lawrence, MA 01843. Available at www.charmsciences.com.
 * * * * * * *
\39\ Hach Company. ``Hach Method 10258--Determination of Turbidity by 360[deg] Nephelometry,'' January 2016. Revision 1.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O.
  Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539.
 * * * * * * *
\42\ Mitchell Method M5331, Revision 1.2. ``Determination of Turbidity by LED or Laser Nephelometry,'' February 2016. Available from Leck Mitchell,
  Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507.
 * * * * * * *
\44\ Lovibond PTV 1000. ``Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity using a Lovibond PTV 1000 White Light LED Turbidimeter,'' December 2016.
  Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\45\ Lovibond PTV 2000. ``Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity Using a Lovibond PTV 2000 660-nm LED Turbidimeter,'' December 2016.
  Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\46\ Lovibond PTV 6000. ``Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity Using a Lovibond PTV 6000 Laser Turbidimeter,'' December 2016. Revision
  1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\47\ Thermo Fisher. ``Thermo Fisher method 557.1: Determination of Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with
  Suppressed Conductivity Detection,'' January 2017. Version 1.0. Available from Thermo Fisher Scientific, 490 Lakeside Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
  ([email protected]).
 * * * * * * *
\49\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd edition (2017). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street
  NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
\50\ EPA Method 900.0, Rev. 1.0. ``Determination of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta in Drinking Water,'' February 2018. EPA 815-B-18-002. Available at the
  National Service Center for Environmental Publications at https://www.epa.gov/nscep.
\51\ Hach Company. ``Hach Method 10258--Determination of Turbidity by 360[deg] Nephelometry.'' March 2018. Revision 2.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box
  389, Loveland, CO 80539.
\52\ Hach Company. ``Hach Method 8195--Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry.'' March 2018. Revision 3.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389,
  Loveland, CO 80539.
 * * * * * * *
\58\ ME 531, Version 1.0. ``Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Drinking Water by LC-MS/MS. September 2019. Maine Health
  Environmental Testing Laboratory, 221 State Street, Augusta, ME 04330.
 * * * * * * *
\62\ EPA Method 904.0, Rev. 1.0. ``Radium-228 in Drinking Water.'' March 2022. EPA 815-B-22-003. Available at the National Service Center for
  Environmental Publications at https://www.epa.gov/nscep.
\63\ Lovibond TB 6000. ``Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond Portable Laser Turbidimeter.'' May 2021. Revision
  1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\64\ Lovibond TB 3500. ``Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond White Light LED Portable Turbidimeter.'' May
  2021. Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\65\ Lovibond TB 5000. ``Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond 660-nm LED Portable Turbidimeter.'' May 2021.
  Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.


[FR Doc. 2022-17651 Filed 8-16-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P