[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 141 (Monday, July 25, 2022)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 44194-44260]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-13897]
[[Page 44193]]
Vol. 87
Monday,
No. 141
July 25, 2022
Part II
Department of Energy
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10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Fans and Blowers;
Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 141 / Monday, July 25, 2022 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 44194]]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
[EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021]
RIN 1904-AF17
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Fans and Blowers
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking, request for comment, and
announcement of public meeting.
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') proposes to establish
a test procedure for fans and blowers, including air-circulating fans,
and to adopt through reference the relevant industry test standards as
the DOE test procedure for measuring the fan electrical input power
(``FEP'') and for determining the fan energy index (``FEI''). DOE also
proposes to establish supporting definitions, requirements for
alternative energy use determination methods, and sampling requirements
to determine the represented values of FEP and FEI. DOE is seeking
comment from interested parties on the proposal.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposal no later than September 23, 2022. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for details.
DOE will hold a webinar on Tuesday, August 2, 2022, from 1:00 p.m.
to 4:00 p.m. See section V, ``Public Participation,'' for webinar
registration information, participant instructions, and information
about the capabilities available to webinar participants.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov, under docket
number EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021. Follow the instructions for submitting
comments. Alternatively, interested persons may submit comments,
identified by docket number EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021, by any of the
following methods:
(1) Email: [email protected]. Include the docket
number EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021 in the subject line of the message.
(2) Postal Mail: Appliance and Equipment Standards Program, U.S.
Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 287-1445. If possible, please submit all items on a compact disc
(``CD''), in which case it is not necessary to include printed copies.
(3) Hand Delivery/Courier: Appliance and Equipment Standards
Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, 950
L'Enfant Plaza SW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202)
287-1445. If possible, please submit all items on a CD, in which case
it is not necessary to include printed copies.
No telefacsimiles (``faxes'') will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on this
process, see section V of this document.
Docket: The docket for this activity, which includes Federal
Register notices, public meeting attendee lists and transcripts (if a
public meeting is held), comments, and other supporting documents/
materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov. All
documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index.
However, not all documents listed in the index may be publicly
available, such as information that is exempt from public disclosure.
The docket web page can be found at www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/65. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access all documents, including public
comments, in the docket. See section V for information on how to submit
comments through www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-2J,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-9879 Email: [email protected].
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the
General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC
20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2588. Email:
[email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in a public meeting (if
one is held), contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program
staff at (202) 287-1445 or by email:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to incorporate by reference
the following industry standard into 10 CFR parts 429 and 431:
ANSI/AMCA Standard 214-21, ``Test Procedure for Calculating Fan Energy
Index for Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers.''
Copies of AMCA 214-21 can be obtained from AMCA International at 30
West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893, (847) 394-
0150, or by going to www.amca.org.
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the following industry
standards into 10 CFR part 431:
American National Standard Institute (ANSI)/Air Movement and Control
Association (AMCA) Standard 99-16 ``Standards Handbook.''
ANSI/AMCA Standard 210/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 51-16, ``Laboratory Methods
of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating.''
ANSI/AMCA 230-15 with errata, ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Air
Circulating Fans for Rating and Certification'', with technical
errata sheet for ANSI/AMCA standard 230-15 density corrections.
ANSI/AMCA Standard 240-15 ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Positive
Pressure Ventilators for Aerodynamic Performance Rating.''
Copies of AMCA 99-16, AMCA 210-16, AMCA 214-21, AMCA 230-15, with
errata and AMCA 240-15, can be obtained from AMCA International at 30
West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893, or by going to
www.amca.org.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 5801:2017,
``Fans--Performance testing using standardized airways,'' approved
2017. ISO 80079-36:2016, ``Explosive atmospheres--Part 36: Non-
electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres--Basic method and
requirements,'' approved 2016.
Copies of ISO 5801:2017-2017 and ISO 80079-36:2016 can be obtained
from the International Organization for Standardization, Chemin de
Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, or by going to
www.iso.org.
See section IV.M of this document for a further discussion of these
standards.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
C. Deviation From the Process Rule
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
1. Proposed Test Procedure Scope
2. Proposed Fan and Blower Exclusions
3. Proposed Exclusion of Embedded Fans and Blowers
4. Air Circulating Fans
[[Page 44195]]
5. Non-Electric Drivers
6. Replacement Parts
B. Definitions
1. Fan and Blower Categories
2. Basic Model
3. Safety Fans
4. Air Circulating Fans
5. Definitions Related to Heat Rejection Equipment
6. Outlet Area
C. Industry Standards
D. Proposed Adoption of the Test Procedure in AMCA 214-21 and
Modifications to the Test Procedure
1. Motor Efficiency Calculation
2. Combined Motor and Controller Efficiency Calculation
3. Annex A of AMCA 214-21
4. Annex E of AMCA 214-21
5. Section 6.5 of AMCA 214-21 and Annex F
6. Annex H and Annex I of AMCA 214-21
7. Section 8.3 of AMCA 214-21
8. Measurement of PRV Performance
9. Exclusively Embedded Fans
10. Wire-to-Air Testing for Air Circulating Fans
11. Total Pressure Calculation for Air Circulating Fans
12. Appurtenances
13. Voltage, Phase and Frequency
14. Test Speeds for Air Circulating Fans
15. Determination of Equilibrium
16. Test Figures
17. Reference Fan Electrical Input Power Calculation
18. Rounding
19. Location of Extraneous Airflow Measurement
20. Run-In Requirements
21. Transducer Type Barometers
E. Distinguishing Between Fans and Blower and Air Circulating
Fans
F. Metric
G. Efficiency Considerations for Certain Unducted Fans
H. Control Credit Approach
I. Use of a Single Test Procedure Nationally
J. Alternative Energy Determination Methods (AEDM)
1. Validation
2. Additional AEDM Requirements
3. AEDM Verification Testing
K. Sampling Plan
L. Enforcement Provisions
M. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
1. Estimated Costs for Testing Fans and Blowers at a Third-Party
Facility
2. Estimated Cost To Develop, Validate, and Implement an AEDM
3. Voluntary Representations
N. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
1. Descriptions of Reasons Why Action Is Being Considered
2. Objectives of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
3. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and
Regulations
4. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
On August 19, 2021, DOE published a coverage determination
classifying fans and blowers as a covered equipment under 42 U.S.C.
6311(2)(A) and 42 U.S.C. 6312(b). 86 FR 46579 (``August 2021 Final
Coverage Determination''). DOE does not currently have a test procedure
or energy conservation standards for fans and blowers. The following
sections discuss DOE's authority to establish a test procedure for fans
and blowers and relevant background information regarding DOE's
consideration of test procedures for this equipment.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''),\1\
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-
6317) Title III, Part C \2\ of EPCA, added by Public Law 95-619, Title
IV, section 441(a), established the Energy Conservation Program for
Certain Industrial Equipment, which sets forth a variety of provisions
designed to improve energy efficiency. EPCA provides that DOE may
include a type of industrial equipment, including fans and blowers, as
covered equipment if it determines that to do so is necessary to carry
out the purposes of Part A-1. (42 U.S.C. 6311(2)(B)(ii) and (iii); 42
U.S.C. 6312(b)). EPCA specifies the types of equipment that can be
classified as industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6311(2)(B)) The purpose
of Part A-1 is to improve the efficiency of electric motors and pumps
and certain other industrial equipment in order to conserve the energy
resources of the Nation. (42 U.S.C. 6312(a)) As stated, on August 19,
2021, DOE published a final determination determining that fans and
blowers meet the three statutory criteria for classifying industrial
equipment as covered (42 U.S.C. 6311(2)(A)), because fans and blowers
are a type of industrial equipment (1) which in operation consume, or
are designed to consume, energy; (2) are to a significant extent
distributed in commerce for industrial or commercial use; and (3) are
not covered under 42 U.S.C. 6291(a)(2). 86 FR 46579, 46586. DOE also
determined that coverage of fans and blowers is necessary to carry out
the purposes of Part A-1. 86 FR 46579, 46588.
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\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec.
27, 2020), which reflect the last statutory amendments that impact
Parts A and A-1 of EPCA.
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was redesignated Part A-1 and hereafter referred to as ``Part
A-1''.
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The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), test
procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers. (42 U.S.C. 6316; 42
U.S.C. 6296)
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1)
certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making other representations about
the efficiency of that equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)) Similarly, DOE
must use these test procedures to determine whether the equipment
complies with relevant standards promulgated under EPCA.\3\ (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
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\3\ There are currently no energy conservation standards for
fans and blowers.
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Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA supersede State laws and regulations concerning
energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6316(b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) With respect to industrial
equipment for which coverage is established under 42 U.S.C. 6312(b),
e.g., fans and blowers, the preemption provisions in EPCA apply
beginning on the date on which a final rule establishing an energy
conservation standard is issued by the Secretary,
[[Page 44196]]
except that any State or local standard prescribed or enacted or the
equipment before the date on which the final rule is issued shall not
be preempted until the energy conservation standard established by the
Secretary for the equipment takes effect. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a)(10)) DOE
may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for particular State
laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures and other
provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(b)(2)(D))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered equipment. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test
results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a given type of covered equipment during a
representative average use cycle and requires that test procedures not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2))
If the Secretary determines that a test procedure amendment is
warranted, the Secretary must publish proposed test procedures in the
Federal Register and afford interested persons an opportunity (of not
less than 45 days' duration) to present oral and written data, views,
and arguments on the proposed test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b))
B. Background
As discussed, on August 19, 2021, DOE published in the Federal
Register a final coverage determination classifying fans and blowers as
covered equipment. 86 FR 46579. DOE determined that the term ``blower''
is interchangeable with the term ``fan''. 86 FR 46579, 46583. DOE
defines a fan (or blower) as a rotary bladed machine used to convert
electrical or mechanical power to air power, with an energy output
limited to 25 kilojoule (``kJ'') per kilogram (``kg'') of air. A fan
(or blower) consists of an impeller, a shaft and bearings and/or driver
to support the impeller, as well as a structure or housing. A fan (or
blower) may include a transmission, driver, and/or motor controller. 10
CFR 431.172.
Prior to the August 2021 Final Coverage Determination, DOE
published a notice of intent to establish an Appliance Standards and
Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee (``ASRAC'') Working Group
(``Working Group'') for fans and blowers. 80 FR 17359 (April 1, 2015).
The Working Group \4\ commenced negotiations at an open meeting on May
18, 2015 and held 16 meetings and three webinars to discuss scope,
metrics, test procedures, and standard levels for fans.\5\ The Working
Group concluded its negotiations on September 3, 2015, and, by
consensus vote,\6\ approved a term sheet containing recommendations for
DOE on the scope of a test procedure, and energy conservation standards
for fans. The term sheet containing the Working Group recommendations
(``term sheet'') is available in the fans energy conservation standard
rulemaking docket. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179) \7\
ASRAC approved the term sheet on September 24, 2015. (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-NOC-0005; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 58, at p. 29) Comments
received on issues related to the test procedure during the Working
Group negotiations and not resolved in the term sheet are discussed in
this proposed rulemaking. Discussion of these comments will include a
reference to Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0005.
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\4\ The Working Group was comprised of representatives from
AAON, Inc.; AcoustiFLO LLC; AGS Consulting LLC; AMCA; AHRI,
Appliance Standards Awareness Project; Berner International Corp;
Buffalo Air Handling Company; Carnes Company; Daikin/Goodman; ebm-
papst; Greenheck; Morrison Products; Natural Resources Defense
Council; Newcomb & Boyd; Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance; CA
IOUs; Regal Beloit Corporation; Rheem Manufacturing Company; Smiley
Engineering LLC representing Ingersoll Rand/Trane; SPX Cooling
Technologies/CTI; The New York Blower Company; Twin City Companies,
Ltd; U.S. Department of Energy; and United Technologies/Carrier.
\5\ Details of the negotiation sessions can be found in the
public meeting transcripts that are posted to the docket for the
energy conservation standard rulemaking at: www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006.
\6\ At the beginning of the negotiated rulemaking process, the
Working Group defined that before any vote could occur, the Working
Group must establish a quorum of at least 20 of the 25 members and
defined consensus as an agreement with less than 4 negative votes.
Twenty voting members of the Working Group were present for this
vote. Two members (Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration
Institute and Ingersoll Rand/Trane) voted no on the term sheet.
\7\ The references are arranged as follows: (commenter name,
comment docket ID number, page of that document). If one comment was
submitted with multiple attachments, the references are arranged as
follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number. Attachment
number, page of that document). The attachment number corresponds to
the order in which the attachment appears in the docket. The
parenthetical reference provides a reference for information located
in DOE Docket No. EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021. If the information was
submitted to a different DOE docket, the DOE Docket number is
additionally specified in the reference.
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On January 10, 2020, DOE received a notice of petition received
from the Air Movement and Control Association (``AMCA''), Air
Conditioning Contractors of America, and Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning
Contractors of America (``the Petitioners'') requesting that DOE
establish test procedures for certain categories of commercial and
industrial fans based on an industry test method in development, AMCA
214, which was published with a request for public comment on April 23,
2020; \8\ 85 FR 22677 (``April 2020 Notice of Petition''). As part of
the April 2020 Notice of Petition, DOE sought data and information
pertinent to whether an amended test procedures would (1) accurately
measure energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated annual operating
cost of fans during a representative average use cycle; and (2) not be
unduly burdensome to conduct. 85 FR 22677, 22679.
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\8\ At the time of the petition, AMCA 214-21 was available as a
draft version (AMCA 214).
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On October 1, 2021, DOE published a request for information
(``RFI'') pertaining to potential test procedures for fans and blowers.
86 FR 54412 (``October 2021 RFI''). In the October 2021 RFI, DOE
identified a variety of issues on which it sought input to determine
whether, and if so how, potential test procedures for fans and blowers,
including air circulating fans, would (1) comply with the requirements
in EPCA that test procedures be reasonably designed to produce test
results which reflect energy use during a representative average use
cycle, and (2) not be unduly burdensome to conduct. Id. In response to
requests from stakeholders,\9\ DOE extended the comment period 14 days
to November 15, 2021. 86 FR 59308 (Oct. 27, 2021).
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\9\ AMCA requested at 21-day extension (AMCA, No. 2 at p. 1).
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DOE also received comments related to the test procedure from its
February 8, 2022, Energy Conservation Standards for Fans and Blower RFI
(``February 2022 ECS RFI''). 87 FR 7048. Discussion of these comments
will include a
[[Page 44197]]
reference to the docket (EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002).
Stakeholders that submitted written comment in response to the
April 2020 Notice of Petition, the October 2021 RFI, and the February
2022 ECS RFI are listed in Table I-1 of this document.
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\10\ See Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003.
\11\ The parenthetical reference provides a reference for
information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop
test procedures for fans and blowers. Unless otherwise noted, all
comments referenced in this notice are available in DOE's docket for
this test procedure rulemaking. (Docket No., EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021
which is maintained at www.regulations.gov/docket EERE-2021-BT-TP-
0021/). The references are arranged as follows: (commenter name,
comment docket ID number, page of that document).
\12\ See Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002.
Table I-1--List of Commenters With Written Submissions in Response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition and October 2021 RFI
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April 2020
Organization(s) Reference in this NOPR Organization type notice of October 2021 TP February 2022
petition \10\ RFI \11\ ECS RFI \12\
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Air-Conditioning, Heating, and AHRI........................ Trade Association........... X X ...............
Refrigeration Institute.
Air Movement and Control Association AMCA........................ Trade Association........... X X ...............
International.
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC........... Efficiency Organizations.... X X ...............
American Council for an Energy-Efficient
Economy, Natural Resources Defense
Council.
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC, NEEA..... Efficiency Organizations.... ............... ............... X
American Council for an Energy-Efficient
Economy, Natural Resources Defense
Council, Northwest Energy Efficiency
Alliance.
China World Trade Organization/Technical China WTO/TBT............... Government Agency........... X ............... ...............
Barriers to Trade.
Cooling Technology Institute............. CTI......................... Trade Association........... X ............... ...............
N/A...................................... Corvino..................... Individual.................. ............... X ...............
Daikin Applied........................... Daikin...................... Manufacturer................ X ............... ...............
ebm-papst Inc............................ ebm-papst................... Manufacturer................ X ............... X
Greenheck Group.......................... Greenheck................... Manufacturer................ X ............... ...............
Harry Graves............................. Graves...................... Individual.................. X ............... ...............
Johnson Controls......................... Johnson Controls............ Manufacturer................ X ............... ...............
Lennox International Inc................. Lennox...................... Manufacturer................ X ............... ...............
Marley Engineering Products LLC.......... MEP......................... Manufacturer................ ............... X ...............
Morrison Products Inc.................... Morrison.................... Manufacturer................ ............... X ...............
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance..... NEEA........................ Efficiency Organization..... ............... X ...............
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance and NEEA and NWPCC.............. Efficiency Organizations.... X ............... ...............
Northwest Power and Conservation Council.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San CA IOUs..................... Utilities................... ............... X X
Diego Gas and Electric, and Southern
California Edison; collectively, the
California Investor-Owned Utilities.
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Note: ``X'' indicates the notice(s) that each stakeholder commented on.
In response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition, Lennox commented
that DOE should reject the fan test procedure petition because no
coverage determination had been finalized. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-
PET-0003, Lennox, No. 5 at p. 1) AHRI and Johnson Controls commented
that DOE would first need to establish fans as covered equipment before
initiating a test procedure rulemaking. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-
0003, AHRI, No. 14 at p. 3; Johnson Controls, No. 10 at p. 1) In
response to the October 2021 TP RFI, AHRI and Morrison commented that
they appreciate DOE's efforts to define fans and blowers and commented
that DOE should finalize the coverage determination process to
determine if a stand-alone commercial and industrial fans regulation is
``necessary or appropriate'' to the achievement of EPCA's purposes.
(AHRI, No. 10 at p. 3; Morrison, No. 8 at p. 2)
DOE is publishing this NOPR following the publication of the August
2021 Final Coverage Determination.
Corvino commented that there is a need for fan test procedures and
suggested that DOE investigate costs related to testing. (Corvino, No.
3 at p. 1) MEP commented generally that the steps required to create
new regulations place a tremendous burden upon the industry, especially
for newly covered products. MEP asserted that the first efficiency
rulemaking places a burden on the industry in preparation for the
rulemaking that is larger than the average burden attributed to
subsequent rulemakings during the life cycle cost analysis used in
determining the minimum allowable efficiencies. (MEP, No. 5 at p. 2)
DOE analyzes the costs of any potential test procedure, as
discussed in section III.M. DOE is proposing test procedures for fans
and blowers. DOE is not proposing to establish energy conservation
standards for such covered equipment in this proposed rule. To the
extent that DOE were to propose energy conservation standards for fans
and blowers, DOE would conduct a manufacturer impact analysis in that
rulemaking.
[[Page 44198]]
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to establish a test procedure for fans
and blowers in subpart J of part 431 and to modify part 429, as
follows:
(1) Establish the scope of the test procedure for fans and
blowers as to include standalone and embedded fans and blowers
(i.e., fans and blowers incorporated into other equipment), with fan
shaft input power equal to or greater than 1 horsepower and fan
airpower equal to or less than 150 horsepower that are either: (1)
axial inline fans; (2) axial panel fans; (3) centrifugal housed
fans; (4) centrifugal unhoused fans; (5) centrifugal inline fans;
(6) radial-housed fans; or (7) power roof/wall ventilators
(``PRVs''); air-circulating fans; and excluding some fans that are
exclusively embedded in other products of equipment; and excluding
radial housed unshrouded fans with diameter less than 30 inches or a
blade width of less than 3 inches, safety fans, induced flow fans,
jet fans, and cross-flow fans.
(2) Define ``axial inline fan'', ``axial panel fan'',
``centrifugal housed fan'', ``centrifugal unhoused fan'',
``centrifugal inline fan'', ``radial-housed fan'', ``power roof
ventilator'', ``cross-flow fan'', ``induced flow fan'', ``jet fan'',
``basic model,'' ``safety fan,'' ``air circulating fan,'' and
related terms. Define terms related to heat rejection equipment;
(3) Adopt through reference in newly proposed appendix A to
subpart J of 10 CFR part 431 (``appendix A'') certain provions of
ANSI/AMCA 214-21, ``Test Procedure for Calculating Fan Energy Index
for Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers'' (``AMCA 214-21''),
with modifications, as the test procedure for determining FEP and
FEI of fans and blowers other than circulating fans;
(4) Adopt through reference in newly propsoed appendix B to
subpart J of 10 CFR part 431 (``appendix B'') certain provisions of
AMCA 214-21, with modifications, as the test procedure for
determining FEP and FEI of air circulating fans;
(5) Adopt through reference certain provisions of the following
industry standards referenced by AMCA 214-21: ANSI/AMCA 210-16,
(``AMCA 210-16'') ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified
Aerodynamic Performance Rating''; ANSI/AMCA 230-15, (``AMCA 230-15
with errata'') ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Air Circulating Fans
for Rating and Certification'' with errata; and ISO 5801:2017,
``Fans--Performance testing using standardized airways'';
(6) Establish fan and blower sampling requirements and
provisions related to determining represented values in 10 CFR
429.64;
(7) Establish an alternative effiency determination method
(``AEDM'') for fans and blowers in 10 CFR 429.70; and
(8) Establish enforcements provisions for fan and blower basic
models.
The proposal is summarized in Table II.2.
Table II.2--Summary of Proposals in This TP NOPR, Their Proposed Location Within the Code of Federal
Regulations, and the Applicable Preamble Discussion
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic Location in CFR Summary of proposals Applicable preamble discussion
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scope....................... 10 CFR 431.174. Establish the scope of the Section III.A.
test procedure for fans and
blowers as to include
standalone and embedded fans
and blowers (i.e., fans and
blowers incorporated into
other equipment), with fan
shaft input power equal to or
greater than 1 horsepower and
fan airpower equal to or less
than 150 horsepower that are
either: (1) axial inline
fans; (2) axial panel fans;
(3) centrifugal housed fans;
(4) centrifugal unhoused
fans; (5) centrifugal inline
fans; (6) radial-housed fans;
or (7) power roof/wall
ventilators (``PRVs''); air-
circulating fans; and
excluding some fans that are
exclusively embedded in other
products of equipment; and
excluding radial housed
unshrouded fans with diameter
less than 30 inches or a
blade width of less than 3
inches, safety fans, induced
flow fans, jet fans, and
cross-flow fans.
Definitions................. 10 CFR 431.172. Define ``axial inline fan'', Section III.B.
``axial panel fan'',
``centrifugal housed fan'',
``centrifugal unhoused fan'',
``centrifugal inline fan'',
``radial-housed fan'',
``power roof ventilator'',
``cross-flow fan'', ``induced
flow fan'', ``jet fan'',
``basic model,'' ``safety
fan,'' ``air circulating
fan,'' and related terms.
Define terms related to heat
rejection equipment;
Test Procedure.............. 10 CFR 431.174. Establish FEI as the metric Sections III.C, III.D, and III.F.
for fans and blowers,
incorporate by reference AMCA
214-21, AMCA 210-16, AMCA 230-
15 (with errata) and provide
additional instructions for
determining the FEI (and
other applicable performance
characteristics) for fans and
blowers.
Sampling Plan............... 10 CFR 429.66.. Specify the minimum number of Section III.K.
fans or blowers to be tested
to rate a basic model and
determine representative
values.
AEDM........................ 10 CFR 429.70.. Establish requirements for Section III.J.
applying an alternative
energy use determination
method.
Enforcement Provisions...... 10 CFR 429.110 Establish a method for Section III.L.
& 10 CFR determining compliance of fan
429.134. and blower basic models.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE's proposed test method for fans and blowers includes
measurements of pressure, flow rate, and fan shaft or electrical input
power, all of which are required to calculate FEP and FEI, as well as
other quantities to characterize rated fans and blowers performance
(e.g., speed). DOE has tentatively determined that the relevant
sections of AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-16 and AMCA 230-15 with errata, in
conjunction with the additional provisions proposed in this test
procedure, would produce test results that reflect the energy
efficiency and energy use of a fan or blower during a representative
average use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) Additionally, DOE has
tentatively determined that the proposed test procedure, which is based
on the relevant industry testing standard, would not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE's analysis of the
burdens associated with the proposed test procedure is presented in
section III.M of this document.
[[Page 44199]]
III. Discussion
In the following sections, DOE proposes to establish test
procedures and related definitions for fans and blowers in subpart J of
part 431, to establish sampling plans for this equipment, to establish
an alternative energy determination method for this equipment, and to
establish enforcement provisions for this equipment. In the following
section, DOE provides relevant background information, explains why the
proposal merits consideration, discusses relevant public comments, and
proposes a potential approach.
A. Scope of Applicability
This rulemaking applies to fans and blowers. A fan or blower is
defined as a rotary bladed machine that is used to convert electrical
or mechanical power to air power with an energy output limited to 25
kilojoule (``kJ'')/kilogram (``kg'') of air. 10 CFR 431.172. It
consists of an impeller, a shaft and bearings and/or driver to support
the impeller, as well as a structure or housing. Id. A fan or blower
may include a transmission, driver, and/or motor controller. Id. As
discussed, DOE has classified fans and blowers as covered equipment. 86
FR 46579. ``Covered equipment'' consists of certain industrial
equipment, which in turn excludes covered products, other than
industrial equipment that is a component of a covered product. (42
U.S.C. 6311(1) and (2)(A)(iii)). DOE explained in the coverage
determination that the fans and blowers, the subject to this
rulemaking, do not include ceiling fans and furnace fans, as defined at
10 CFR 430.2. See 86 FR 46579, 46586.
In the August 2021 Final Coverage Determination, DOE did not
establish definitions for specific categories of fans and blowers. DOE
stated that it would consider specific categories of fans and blowers
and the scope of applicability of test procedures and energy
conservation standards in their respective rulemakings. 86 46579,
46585.
This section discusses the fans and blowers that DOE is proposing
to include in the scope of applicability of the test procedure as well
as proposed exemptions.
1. Proposed Test Procedure Scope
This section discusses fans and blowers, other than air circulating
fans, proposed for inclusion in the scope of applicability of the test
procedure. Air circulating fans are discussed in section III.A.4 of
this document.
The Working Group recommended that the test procedure be applicable
to certain classifications of fans and blowers, listed in Table III-1
of this document. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179,
Recommendation #1 at p. 1) The Working Group did not provide
definitions for the specified classifications of the fans and blowers
identified for inclusion in the scope of a test procedure. AMCA 214-21
provides terms and associated definitions for certain classifications
of fans and blowers that DOE has tentatively determined correspond to
the Working Group recommendation. The Working Group further recommended
that the test procedure apply only to fans with a fan shaft power equal
to or greater than 1 horsepower (``hp'') and fan air power \13\ equal
to or less than 150 hp. The Working Group recommended that airpower be
calculated using static pressure for unducted fans (``static
airpower'') and total pressure for ducted fans (``total
airpower'').\14\ (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179,
Recommendation #5, at p. 4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ The air power of a fan is the fan's output power. It is
proportional to the product of the fan airflow rate and the fan
pressure.
\14\ The terms ``ducted'' and ``unducted'' refer to the
recommended test configuration used when conducting a fan test.
Appendix C of the term sheet specifies which fan categories are
typically ducted (i.e., tested using a ducted outlet and for which
the FEI is calculated on a total pressure basis): axial cylindrical
housed, centrifugal housed, excluding inline and radial, inline and
mixed flow, radial housed; and which fan types are considered
unducted (i.e., tested with a free outlet and for which the FEI is
calculated on a static pressure basis): panel, centrifugal unhoused,
excluding inline and radial, and power roof ventilators.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On February 24, 2022, the California Energy Commission (``CEC'')
published a proposed rulemaking for fans and blowers that includes
terms and definitions that DOE has tentatively determined correspond to
the Working Group recommendations.\15\ CEC proposes to cover the
following fan categories: axial inline, axial panel, centrifugal
housed, centrifugal unhoused, centrifugal inline, radial housed, and
power roof/wall ventilators, and to define these terms largely based on
the definitions in AMCA 214-21, with revisions to indicate a fan's
intended application and if a fan's inlet or outlet can be (optionally,
as applicable) ducted. In addition, the CEC proposal considers fans and
blowers that have a rated fan shaft power greater than or equal to 1
horsepower, or, for fans without a rated shaft input power, an
electrical input power greater than or equal to 1 kW, and a fan output
power less than or equal to 150 horsepower.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ All documents related to this rulemaking can be found in
the rulemaking Docket 22-AAER-01 accessible at: www.energy.ca.gov/rules-and-regulations/appliance-efficiency-regulations-title-20/appliance-efficiency-proceedings-11.
\16\ See Proposed regulatory language for Commercial and
Industrial Fans and Blowers available in the following Docket: 22-
AAER-01 at: efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=22-AAER-01.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The classification of fans and blowers recommended by the Working
Group for coverage under a test procedure and the corresponding terms
and definitions in AMCA 214-21 and the proposed CEC regulations are
presented in Table III-1 of this document.
Table III-1--Scope Recommended by the Working Group, Corresponding Terms and Definitions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corresponding term and definition
Working group scope recommendations in AMCA 214-21 Corresponding CEC definitions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Axial cylindrical housed fan.......... ``Axial inline fan'' means a fan ``Axial-inline fan'' means a fan
with an axial impeller and a with an axial impeller and a
cylindrical housing with or cylindrical housing with or
without turning vanes. without turning vanes. Inlets and
outlets can optionally be ducted.
Panel fan............................. ``Axial panel fan'' means an axial ``Axial-panel fan'' means a fan
fan, without cylindrical housing, with an axial impeller mounted in
that is mounted in a panel, an a short housing, non-cylindrical,
orifice plate or ring. that can be a panel, ring, or
orifice plate. The housing is
typically mounted to a wall
separating two spaces, and the
fans are used to increase the
pressure across this wall. Inlets
and outlets are not ducted.
[[Page 44200]]
Centrifugal housed fan, excluding ``Centrifugal housed fan'' means a ``Centrifugal housed fan'' means a
inline fan and radial fan. fan with a centrifugal or mixed fan with a centrifugal or mixed
flow impeller in which airflow flow impeller in which airflow
exits into a housing that is exits into a housing that is
generally scroll-shaped to direct generally scroll-shaped to direct
the air through a single fan the air through a single fan
outlet. A centrifugal housed fan outlet. Inlets and outlets can
does not include a radial impeller optionally be ducted. It does not
*. include a radial impeller.
Centrifugal unhoused fan, excluding ``Centrifugal unhoused fan'' means ``Centrifugal unhoused fan'' means
radial fan. a fan with a centrifugal or mixed a fan with a centrifugal or mix-
flow impeller in which airflow flow impeller in which airflow
enters through a panel and enters through a panel and
discharges into free space. Inlets discharges into free space. Inlets
and outlets are not ducted. This and outlets are not ducted. This
fan type also includes fans fan type also includes fans
designed for use in fan arrays designed for use in fan arrays
that have partition walls that have partition walls
separating the fan from other fans separating the fan from other fans
in the array **. in the array.
Inline and mixed-flow fan............. ``Centrifugal inline fan'' means a ``Centrifugal inline fan'' means a
fan with a centrifugal or mixed fan with a centrifugal or mixed-
flow impeller in which airflow flow impeller in which airflow
enters axially at the fan inlet enters axially at the fan inlet
and the housing redirects radial and the housing redirects radial
airflow from the impeller to exit airflow from the impeller to exit
the fan in an axial direction. the fan in an axial direction.
Inlets and outlets can optionally
be ducted.
Radial housed fan..................... ``Radial-housed fan'' means a fan ``Radial-housed fan'' means a fan
with a radial impeller in which with a radial impeller in which
airflow exits into a housing that airflow exits into a housing that
is generally scroll-shaped to is generally scroll-shaped to
direct the air through a single direct the air through a single
fan outlet. Inlets and outlets can fan outlet. Inlets and outlets can
optionally be ducted. optionally be ducted.
Power roof ventilator................. ``Power roof/wall ventilator ``Power roof ventilator (PRV)'' or
(PRV)'' means a fan with an ``power wall ventilator (PWV)''
internal driver and a housing to means a fan with an internal
prevent precipitation from driver and a housing to prevent
entering the building. It has a precipitation from entering the
base designed to fit over a roof building. It has a base designed
or wall opening, usually by means to fit over a roof or wall
of a roof curb. opening, usually by means of a
roof curb.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The inclusion of ``scroll-shaped'' in this definition excludes inline fans.
** Radial fans are housed and therefore not included in this definition.
In response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition, ebm-papst
commented in favor of a broader test procedure scope and stated that
any limitation on scope should be made in future labeling requirements,
certification requirements, or energy conservation standards. ebm-papst
stated that AMCA 214-21 was designed for fans above 0.745 mechanical
kilowatts shaft power (equivalent to 1 hp) or 0.890 electrical
kilowatts, and below 112 kilowatts (equivalent to 150 hp) air power,
and that these requirements should be the only scope restrictions on
the test procedure. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, ebm-papst, No.
9)
In response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition for Rulemaking,
AHRI commented that the scope of the DOE test procedure should ideally
align with the scope of AMCA 214 as finalized and that AHRI was working
with AMCA to resolve scope concerns in AMCA 214 (Docket No. EERE-2020-
BT-PET-0003, AHRI, No. 14 at p. 2).
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to include all fans and blowers that are
included within the scope of AMCA 210-16 (referenced by AMCA 214-21)
and proposes that the test procedure would be applicable to the
following fans and blowers, as proposed in section III.A.10 of this
document and subject to the exclusions discussed in section III.A.2 of
this document: (1) axial inline fan; (2) axial panel fan; (3)
centrifugal housed fan; (4) centrifugal unhoused fan; (5) centrifugal
inline fan; (6) radial-housed fan; and (7) power roof/wall ventilator
(``PRV'').\17\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ PRVs include: Centrifugal PRV exhaust fans; Centrifugal PRV
supply fans; and Axial PRVs, as defined in AMCA 214-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is proposing that the scope of the test procedure cover fans
and blowers with a fan shaft input power equal to or greater than 1
horsepower and a fan static or total air power equal to or less than
150 horsepower.
DOE has tentatively determined that the 1 hp fan shaft power lower
limit may not be a practical unit of measurement for all fans because
some fans are designed such that the measurement of the shaft input
power is not feasible, and the only feasible measurement is the FEP,
which is measured in units of kW. For example, some fans incorporate
the bare-shaft and the motor in the same enclosed housing and do not
provide access to the fan shaft (i.e., between the motor and the fan),
where the measurement of the fan shaft power would be conducted. DOE
relied on the motor efficiency equations provided in Section 6.4.2.3 of
AMCA 214-21 to convert the fan shaft power into electrical input power
\18\ and has tentatively determined that 0.89 kW is appropriate to
establish a standardized equivalent to the 1 hp fan shaft input power
limit. Additionally, Section 6.5.3.1.3 ``Fan Efficiency Requirements''
of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1, ``Energy Standard for Buildings except Low-
Rise Residential Buildings (2019)'' (``ASHRAE 90.1-2019'') relies on
the value of 0.89 kW as the corresponding threshold to a value of 1 hp
of shaft input power.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ The electrical input power is equal to the fan shaft input
power divided by the motor efficiency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accordingly, DOE proposes that the test procedure would be
applicable to a fan or blower with duty points \19\ with the following
characteristics: (1) a fan shaft input power equal to or greater than 1
horsepower and a fan static or total air power equal to or less than
150 horsepower, or (2) a FEP equal to or greater than 0.89 kW and a fan
static or total airpower equal to or less than 150 horsepower.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ A duty point is characterized by a given airflow and
pressure and has a corresponding operating speed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE further proposes to establish the 150 hp upper limit in terms
of total airpower for fans and blowers that use a total pressure basis
FEI and would be required to be tested with a ducted outlet according
to the proposed provisions adopted through reference to AMCA 214-21.
For fans and blowers that use a static pressure basis FEI and that
would be required to be tested using a free outlet under the provisions
of AMAC 214-21 proposed to be adopted by reference, DOE proposes to
establish the airpower limit in terms of
[[Page 44201]]
static airpower. Table III-9 of this document lists the fan and blower
categories that rely on a total or static pressure basis in accordance
with AMCA 214-21.
DOE proposes the lower 1 hp limit to match the technical
applicability of the AMCA 214-21 and AMCA 210-16 test procedures. DOE
is proposing the upper air power limit at this time because fans that
operate above the proposed upper limit are typically custom orders and
are too large to be tested in a laboratory setting. In addition, these
limits are in line with the Working Group recommendations and the CEC
scope. DOE may consider methods for test for these fans in a future
rulemaking.
Finally, to define total airpower, DOE proposes to rely on the
definition of ``fan output power'' in AMCA 210-16. DOE proposes to
define ``total airpower'' as the total power delivered to air by the
fan; it is proportional to the product of the fan airflow rate, the fan
total pressure, and the compressibility coefficient and is calculated
in accordance with Section 7.8.1 of AMCA 210-16. See the definition of
``fan output power'' in Section 3.1.31 of AMCA 210-16 and calculation
formulas in Section 7.8.1 of AMCA 210-16. DOE also proposes to define
``static air power'' as the static power delivered to air by the fan;
it is proportional to the product of the fan airflow rate, the fan
static pressure, and the compressibility coefficient and is calculated
in accordance with Section 7.8.1 of AMCA 210-16, using static pressure
instead of total pressure.
Fan and blower categories proposed to be exempted from the scope of
this test procedure are discussed in section III.A.2 of this document.
DOE requests comment on the fans and blowers, other than air
circulating fans, proposed for inclusion in the DOE test procedure.
DOE requests comment on the proposed limits based on fan airpower,
fan shaft input power and fan electrical input power for fans other
than air circulating fans. Specifically, DOE requests comment on the
proposed definitions of ``static airpower'' and ``total airpower'' used
to characterize the upper 150 horsepower limit for fans other than air
circulating fans.
2. Proposed Fan and Blower Exclusions
DOE proposes to explicitly exclude certain fans and blowers from
the scope of the test procedure.
The Working Group recommended to exclude circulating fans (also
known as air circulating fans), induced flow fans, jet fans, and cross-
flow fans. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation
#2, at pp. 2-3) The Working Group also recommended to exclude safety
fans due to low operating hours and specific design features that
impair efficiency (e.g., high tip clearance), and a subset of radial
fans that are used for material handling applications \20\ (e.g., to
move paper dust, sand).\21\ (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179,
Recommendation #2, at pp. 2-3) Table III-2 of this document presents
the exclusions recommended by the Working Group.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ Specifically, radial housed unshrouded fans, which means a
radial housed fan for which the impeller blades are attached to a
backplate and hub (i.e., open radial blade), or to a hub only (i.e.,
open paddle wheel), and with an open front at the impeller's inlet.
These are different than radial shrouded fans, for which the
impeller blades are attached to a backplate and to a ring or
``shroud'' at the impeller's inlet.
\21\ The discussions of the Working Group related to these
exclusions can be found in the meeting transcripts, available in the
fans energy conservation standard rulemaking docket. (Docket No.
EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 161 at pp. 63-
70; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 85 at pp. 60-62).
Table III-2--Fan Categories Recommended for Exclusion by the Working
Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fan category recommended for
exclusion by the working group * Definition in AMCA 214-21
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Radial housed unshrouded fan with Included in the definition ``radial
diameter less than 30 inches or a housed fan'' as noted in Table III-
blade width of less than 3 inches. 1.
Safety fan........................ Not defined in AMCA 214-21.
Induced flow fan.................. ``Induced flow fan'' means a type of
laboratory exhaust fan with a
nozzle and windband; the fan's
outlet airflow is greater than the
inlet airflow due to induced
airflow. All airflow entering the
inlet exits through the nozzle.
Airflow exiting the windband
includes the nozzle airflow plus
the induced airflow.
Jet fan........................... ``Jet fan'' means a fan designed and
marketed specifically for producing
a high velocity air jet in a space
to increase its air momentum. Jet
fans are rated using thrust. Inlets
and outlets are not ducted but may
include acoustic silencers.
Cross-flow fan.................... ``Cross-flow fan'' means a fan with
a housing that creates an airflow
path through the impeller in a
direction at right angles to its
axis of rotation and with airflow
both entering and exiting the
impeller at its periphery. Inlets
and outlets can optionally be
ducted.**
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Note: the Working Group also recommended to exclude circulating fans,
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation #2, at pp.
2-3) which are defined in AMCA 214-21 as a fan that is not a ceiling
fan that is used to move air within a space that has no provision for
connection to ducting or separation of the fan inlet from its outlet.
The fan is designed to be used for the general circulation of air.
Circulating fans are discussed in Section III.A.4 of this document.
** Excluded from AMCA 214-21 and defined in ANSI/AMCA Standard 208,
``Calculation of the Fan Energy Index for calculating FEI'' (``AMCA
208-18'').
The Petitioners requested that the scope of any future DOE test
procedure be consistent with the scope described in the term sheet, and
requested to exclude fans that cannot be tested per AMCA 210-16 (i.e.,
the physical test method referenced in AMCA 214-21).\22\ The
Petitioners also requested that the scope of the test procedure be
consistent with ASHRAE 90.1-2019. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003,
The Petitioners, No. 1, attachment ``AMCA Petition to DOE Cover Letter
and Petition [sic] 2020110'' at pp. 7-8)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ For example, circulating fans, ceiling fans, desk fans, jet
tunnel fans, and induced flow fans (e.g., used in laboratory exhaust
systems). This is consistent with the scope of the terms sheet.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table III-3 of this document compares the scope exclusions
requested by the Petitioners in accordance with the commercial and
industrial fan and blower requirements in ASHRAE 90.1-2019 and the
scope of exclusions as recommended by the Working Group (other than
embedded fans and blowers). DOE reviewed the fan and blower exclusions
to Section 6.5.3.1.3 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 ``Fan Efficiency
Requirements'' as listed in Table III-3 of this document and has
tentatively
[[Page 44202]]
determined that these exclusions are covered by the exclusions
recommended by the Working Group.
Table III-3--Exceptions to Section 6.5.3.1.3 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 ``Fan
Efficiency Requirements''
[Other than for embedded fans and blowers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exceptions to Section 6.5.3.1.3 of Included in the exclusions
ASHRAE 90.1-2019 ``Fan Efficiency recommended by the Working
Requirements'' Group?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fans that are not embedded fans with a Yes.
motor nameplate horsepower of less
than 1.0 hp or with a fan nameplate
electrical input power of less than
0.89 ``kW''.
Ceiling fans........................... Yes (Note: ceiling fans are not
within the scope of the
definition of fans and
blowers).
Fans used for moving gases at Yes (safety fans).
temperatures above 482 [deg]F.
Fans used for operation in explosive Yes (safety fans).
atmospheres.
Reversible fans used for tunnel Yes (jet fans, safety fans).
ventilation.
Fans outside the scope of AMCA 208-18.. Yes (AMCA 208-18 references the
scope of AMCA 210-16).
Fans that are intended to operate only Yes (safety fans).
during emergency conditions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition, Greenheck
commented in support of a scope consistent with the term sheet and with
ASHRAE 90.1-2019. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Greenheck, No. 6.1
at p. 2) Johnson Controls commented in support of the exclusions
requested by the Petitioners. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003,
Johnson Controls, No. 10 at pp. 1-2)
In its proposed rulemaking for commercial and industrial fans and
blowers, the CEC proposes to exclude the following categories of fans:
(1) safety fans (see section III.B.3 of this document for more details
on this definition), (2) ceiling fans as defined in 10 CFR 430.2; (3)
circulating fans; (4) induced-flow fans; (5) jet fans; (6) cross-flow
fans; (7) embedded fans as defined in ANSI/AMCA 214-21; \23\ (8) fans
mounted in or on motor vehicles or other mobile equipment; (9) fans
that create a vacuum of 30 in. water gauge or greater; \24\ and (10)
air curtain unit.\25\ See Table III-4 of this document; section III.A.3
of this document for a discussion of embedded fans and air curtain
units; and section III.A.5 of this document for a discussion of fans
mounted in or on motor vehicles or other mobile equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ As defined in ANSI/AMCA 214-21: ``A fan that is part of a
manufactured assembly where the assembly includes functions other
than air movement.''
\24\ CEC proposed excluding these fans because AMCA 214-21 is
not applicable to this equipment. See CEC's Initial Statement of
Reason, available at: efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=22-AAER-01.
\25\ The CEC defines an air curtain unit as equipment providing
a directionally controlled stream of air moving across the entire
height and width of an opening that reduces the infiltration or
transfer of air from one side of the opening to the other and/or
inhibits the passage of insects, dust, or debris.
Table III-4 Fans Recommended for Exclusion by the Working Group and the
Corresponding CEC Proposed Exclusions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corresponding term and definition
Fans recommended for exclusion by proposed for exclusion in CEC
the working group * proposed regulatory text
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Radial housed unshrouded fan with Not excluded by the CEC proposed
diameter less than 30 inches or a regulatory text.
blade width of less than 3 inches.
Safety fan........................ ``Safety Fan'' See section III.B.3
of this document.
Induced flow fan.................. ``Induced-flow fan'' means a type of
laboratory exhaust fan with nozzle
and windband; the fan's outlet
airflow is greater than the inlet
airflow due to induced airflow. All
airflow entering the inlet exits
through the nozzle. Airflow exiting
the windband includes the nozzle
airflow as well as the induced
airflow.
Jet fan........................... ``Jet fan'' means a fan designed and
marketed specifically to produce a
high-velocity air jet in a space to
increase its air momentum. Jet fans
are rated using thrust. Inlets and
outlets are not ducted but may
include acoustic silencers.
Cross-flow fan.................... ``Cross-flow fan'' means a fan with
a housing that creates an airflow
path through the impeller, in a
direction at right angles to the
axis of rotation and with airflow
both entering and exiting the
impeller at the periphery. Inlets
and outlets can optionally be
ducted.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Note: The Working Group also recommended to exclude circulating fans,
which are also excluded from the CEC proposed regulation and defined
as a fan that is not a ceiling fan that is used to move air within a
space, that has no provision for connection to ducting or separation
of the fan inlet from its outlet. The fan is designed to be used for
the general circulation of air. Circulating fans are discussed in
Section III.A.4 of this document.
DOE reviewed the exclusions recommended by the Working Group, the
exclusions requested by Petitioners, the exclusions provided in the
proposed CEC regulations, and comments received. DOE is proposing to
exclude from the proposed DOE test procedure the following fans and
blowers: (1) radial housed unshrouded fans with a diameter less than 30
inches or a blade width of less than 3 inches; (2) safety fans; (3)
induced flow fans; (4) jet fans; and (5) cross-flow fans.
Based on input from AMCA during the ASRAC negotiations, DOE has
tentatively determined that radial housed unshrouded fans with a
diameter less than 30 inches or a blade width of less than 3 inches are
designed for materials handling applications.
[[Page 44203]]
These fans have specific design features (e.g., built to resist the
impact and erosive wear from large quantities of various materials
passing through the fan housing) that generally limit the opportunity
for improved efficiency. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 85 at p. 60). Furthermore, testing these fans
based on the test method for clean air fans would not provide a
measurement of energy use or energy efficiency that is representative
of an average use cycle. For these reasons, DOE proposes to exclude
radial housed unshrouded fans with a diameter less than 30 inches or a
blade width of less than 3 inches at this time.
DOE proposes to exclude safety fans at this time, which operate
intermittently and may have specific design features that generally
limit the opportunity for improved efficiency.
DOE also proposes to exclude induced flow fans; jet fans; and
cross-flow fans because a test using AMCA 210-16 would not provide a
measurement of energy use or energy efficiency that is representative
of an average use cycle, as described further in the following
paragraphs.
Induced flow fans are used for laboratory exhaust applications, and
their performance is tested based on AMCA Standard 260-20, ``Laboratory
Methods of Testing Induced Flow Fans for Rating.'' AMCA 260-20 is an
adjunct to AMCA 210-16 in order to accommodate the induced flow fans'
unique characteristics, namely the impact of the windband on
performance. The windband is a component of induced flow fans used to
direct the fume exhaust and maximize plume height and the amount of air
mixed with the lab exhaust to increase the dilution ratio. Induced flow
fans produce a high plume of air at the outlet in order to exhaust
laboratory fumes and hazardous chemicals in such a manner that
diminishes the likelihood that exhausted air will be re-entrained into
the building's intake air. Their performance does not only depend on
the flow of air that they provide, but also on the ``effective plume
height,'' which is the plume rise provided by the induced flow fan
added to the stack height of the fan (i.e., from the roof to the outlet
of the windband). DOE has tentatively determined that a test using AMCA
210-16 would not provide a measurement of energy use or energy
efficiency during a representative average use cycle for induced flow
fans and proposes to exclude these fans from the scope of the test
procedure at this time.
Jet fans are typically used in vehicular tunnels to provide
ventilation and improve air quality. Jet fans can also be used in the
event of a fire in the tunnel to remove the smoke and fumes from the
source of the incident, if necessary, by reversing their airflow. Jet
fan performance is characterized by thrust and horsepower and not based
on the airflow and pressure they can provide. AMCA 250-22 \26\ provides
methods of measuring thrust, volume airflow, and power and includes
provisions for deriving efficiency in terms of ``thrust power ratio''.
Therefore, DOE has tentatively determined that a test using AMCA 210-16
would not provide a measurement of energy use or energy efficiency
during a representative average use cycle of jet fans and proposes to
exclude these fans from the scope of the test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\26\ ANSI/AMCA 250-22: Laboratory Methods of Testing Jet Tunnel
Fans for Performance. Available at www.amca.org.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cross-flow fan performance is related to the ability to produce a
wide, uniform airflow as opposed to the airpower output, which is what
is accounted for in AMCA 210-16. Therefore, DOE has tentatively
determined that cross-flow fans would necessitate consideration of a
different metric to better capture the energy use of these under a
representative cycle of use. Therefore, DOE proposes that cross-flow
fans will not be addressed in its test procedure at this time.
DOE is considering including an exclusion, consistent with the
findings of the CEC, for fans that create a vacuum of 30 inches water
gauge or greater. DOE has tentatively determined that a test using AMCA
210-16 may not result in a measurement of energy use or energy
efficiency during a representative average use cycle for fans that are
exclusively used to create a vacuum rather than produce airflow. DOE
requests additional information on fans exclusively used to create a
vacuum and on the 30 inches water gauge criteria used by the CEC.
DOE requests comment on its proposed exclusions from the proposed
scope of applicability of the test procedure, listed as follows: (1)
radial housed unshrouded fans with a diameter less than 30 inches or a
blade width of less than 3 inches; (2) safety fans; (3) induced flow
fans; (4) jet fans; and (5) cross-flow fans. DOE seeks additional
information to support exclusion from the scope of potential test
procedures.
DOE seeks comment and input on the applicability of AMCA 214-21 and
AMCA 210-16 to fans that create a vacuum of 30 inches water gauge or
greater. DOE requests comment on the 30 inches water gauge limit used
by the CEC.
3. Proposed Exclusion of Embedded Fans and Blowers
In addition to the specific exclusions discussed in the prior
section, DOE has also considered excluding certain ``embedded'' fans
from the scope of the test procedure. Fans can be distributed in
commerce as standalone equipment or can be distributed in commerce
incorporated into other equipment that requires a fan to operate.
Section 3.25.3 of AMCA 214-21 defines a ``standalone fan'' as ``a
fan in at least a minimum testable configuration. This includes any
driver, transmission or motor controller if included in the rated fan.
It also includes any appurtenances included in the rated fan, and it
excludes the impact of any surrounding equipment whose purpose exceeds
or is different than that of the fan.'' \27\ Section 3.25.4 of AMCA
214-21 defines the term ``embedded fan'' in section 3.25.4 as ``a fan
that is part of a manufactured assembly where the assembly includes
functions other than air movement.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ Additionally, AMCA 214-21 defines a minimum testable
configuration as ``A fan having at least an impeller; shaft and
bearings and/or driver to support the impeller; and its structure or
its housing''. See Section 3.53 of AMCA 214-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Working Group recommended excluding certain embedded fans. See
Table III-5 of this document. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No.
179, Recommendations #2 and #3 at pp. 2-4)
Table III-5--Embedded Fans Recommended for Exclusion by the Working
Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fans embedded in:
Single-phase central air conditioners and heat pumps rated with a
certified cooling capacity less than 65,000 British thermal units
per hour (``Btu/h''), that are subject to DOE's energy conservation
standard at 10 CFR 430.32(c).
Three-phase, air-cooled, small commercial packaged air-conditioning
and heating equipment rated with a certified cooling capacity less
than 65,000 Btu/h, that are subject to DOE's energy conservation
standard at 10 CFR 431.97(b).
[[Page 44204]]
Residential furnaces that are subject to DOE's energy conservation
standard at 10 CFR 430.32(y).
Transport refrigeration (i.e., Trailer refrigeration, Self-powered
truck refrigeration, Vehicle-powered truck refrigeration, Marine/
Rail container refrigerant), and fans exclusively powered by
internal combustion engines.
Vacuum cleaners.*
Heat Rejection Equipment:
Packaged evaporative open circuit cooling towers.
Evaporative field-erected open circuit cooling towers.
Packaged evaporative closed-circuit cooling towers.
Evaporative field-erected closed-circuit cooling towers.
Packaged evaporative condensers.
Field-erected evaporative condensers.
Packaged air-cooled (dry) coolers.
Field-erected air-cooled (dry) coolers.
Air-cooled steam condensers.
Hybrid (water saving) versions of all of the previously
listed equipment that contain both evaporative and air-cooled heat
exchange sections.
Air curtains:
Air-cooled commercial package air conditioners and heat pumps (CUAC,
CUHP) with a certified cooling capacity between 5.5 tons (65,000
Btu/h) and 63.5 tons (760,000 Btu/h) that are subject to DOE's
energy conservation standard at 10 CFR 431.97(b).**
Water-cooled and evaporatively-cooled commercial air conditioners
and water-source commercial heat pumps that are subject to DOE's
energy conservation standard at 10 CFR 431.97(b).**
Single package vertical air conditioners and heat pumps that are
subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at 10 CFR
431.97(d).**
Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTAC) and packaged terminal heat
pumps (PTHP) that are subject to DOE's energy conservation standard
at 10 CFR 431.97(c).**
Computer room air conditioners that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at 10 CFR 431.97(e).**
Variable refrigerant flow multi-split air conditioners and heat
pumps that are subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at 10
CFR 431.97(f).**
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Although the term sheet specifies ``vacuum'', the term was intended to
designate vacuum cleaners. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; AHRI,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 166 at p. 11).
** The recommendation only applies to supply and condenser fans embedded
in this equipment.
Stated more generally, the exclusions recommended by the Working
Group would exclude from the scope of the test procedure, fans that are
embedded in regulated equipment for which the DOE metric captures the
energy consumption of the fan.\28\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ The Working Group created a subgroup to propose potential
embedded fan exclusions, which were subsequently voted on by the
Working Group. The information used by the subgroup to develop the
proposal is available in the fans energy conservation standard
rulemaking docket. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 125.2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Working Group further recommended for fans embedded in non-
regulated equipment, and/or embedded in regulated equipment other than
listed in appendix B, and/or any fans that are not supply and condense
fans in regulated equipment listed in appendix B that the first
manufacturer of a testable configuration \29\ would be responsible for
certifying the standalone fan performance to DOE. (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation #4 at pp. 4) \30\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ AMCA 214-21 defines the ``minimal testable configuration''
as a fan having at least an impeller; shaft and bearings and/or
driver to support the impeller; and its structure or its housing.
\30\ As part of this recommendation, the Working Group also
recommended that if a manufacturer purchases a standalone fan to
incorporate in a product or in equipment, that manufacturer must
ensure that the design operating range (or design point) of the
embedded fan is within the certified operating range of the
standalone fan and disclose the design operating range (or design
point) of the embedded fan to the end-user. This issue does not
relate to the test procedure and is not discussed in this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Petitioners requested that the scope of any DOE test procedure
be consistent with the scope of the term sheet. Petitioners also
requested the test-procedure scope for commercial fans be consistent
with ASHRAE 90.1-2019, and additionally exclude embedded fans that are
part of equipment listed in Section 6.4.1.1 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019. ASHRAE
90.1-2019 (See Table III-7 of this document). (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-
PET-0003, The Petitioners, No. 1, attachment ``AMCA Petition to DOE
Cover Letter and Petition [sic] 2020110'' at pp. 7-8)
The additional exclusions for embedded fans that are part of
equipment listed in Section 6.4.1.1 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 as requested by
AMCA is included in the fan and blower exclusions to Section 6.5.3.1.3
of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 ``Fan Efficiency Requirements'' as listed in
section in Section 6.5.3.1.3 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 and presented in Table
III-6 of this document.
Table III-6--Embedded Fan and Blowers Exclusions to Section 6.5.3.1.3 of
ASHRAE 90.1-2019 ``Fan Efficiency Requirements''
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Embedded fan and blowers exclusions
to Section 6.5.3.1.3 of ASHRAE 90.1- Included in the exclusion
2019 ``Fan Efficiency Requirements'' recommended by the Working Group?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Embedded fans and fan arrays with a No.
combined motor nameplate horsepower
of 5 hp or less or with a fan
system electrical input power of
4.1 kW or less.
Embedded fans that are part of See Table III-7.
equipment listed under Section
6.4.1.1.
Embedded fans included in equipment No.
bearing a third party-certified
seal for air or energy performance
of the equipment package.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 44205]]
Table III-7--Equipment Listed in Section 6.4.1.1 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019
``Minimum Equipment Efficiencies--Listed Equipment--Standard Rating and
Operating Conditions''
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in the embedded fan
Fans embedded in: exclusions recommended by the
Working Group?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electrically Operated Unitary Air Partially. This category
Conditioners. includes equipment above
760,000 Btu/h. The exclusions
in the term sheet apply only
to fans embedded in equipment
above 65,000 Btu/h and below
760,000 Btu/h (equivalent to
5.5 tons and 63.5 tons,
respectively as stated in the
term sheet). In addition, the
term sheet specifies that the
exclusions would apply only to
embedded ``supply and
condenser fans.''
Electrically Operated Air-Cooled Partially. This category
Unitary Heat Pumps. includes equipment above
760,000 Btu/h. The exclusions
in the term sheet apply only
to fans embedded in equipment
below 760,000 Btu/h. In
addition, the term sheet
specifies that the exclusion
would apply only to embedded
``supply and condenser fans.''
Air-, water-, and evaporatively cooled Yes, these fans are below 1 hp.
Condensing Units. In addition, it is specified
in Table 6.8.1-1 of ASHRAE
90.1-2019 that this category
only includes equipment
greater than or equal to
135,000 Btu/h.
Water-Chilling Packages................ No.
Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Yes. However, the term sheet
Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal specifies that the exclusion
Heat Pumps, Single-Package Vertical would apply only to embedded
Air Conditioners, and Single-Package ``supply and condenser fans.''
Vertical Heat Pumps.
Room Air-conditioners and Air- Yes. These fans are below 1 hp.
conditioner Heat pumps.
Warm-Air Furnaces and Combination Warm- No.
Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units,
Warm-Air Duct Furnaces, and Unit
Heaters.
Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers............. Partially. Some of these fans
are below 1 hp.
Heat-Rejection Equipment............... Yes.
Electrically Operated Variable- Yes. However, the term sheet
Refrigerant-Flow Air Conditioners. specifies that the exclusion
would apply only to embedded
``supply and condenser fans.''
Electrically Operated Variable- Partially. This category
Refrigerant-Flow and Applied Heat includes ground water source
Pumps. and ground source equipment
that is not regulated by DOE
and that was not included in
the term sheet exclusions. In
addition, the term sheet
specifies that the exclusion
would apply only to embedded
``supply and condenser fans.''
Floor-Mounted Air Conditioners and Partially. This category
Condensing Units Serving Computer includes equipment greater
Rooms. than or equal to 760,000 Btu/
h, which are not regulated by
DOE.
Commercial Refrigerators, Commercial Yes, these fans are below 1 hp.
Freezers, and Refrigeration.
Vapor-Compression-Based Indoor Pool Yes, these fans are below 1 hp.
Dehumidifiers.
Electrically Operated direct-expansion No.
dedicated outdoor air system Units,
Single-Package and Remote Condenser,
without Energy Recovery.
Electrically Operated direct-expansion No.
dedicated outdoor air system Units,
Single-Package and Remote Condenser,
with Energy Recovery.
Electrically Operated Water-Source Heat Partially. This category
Pumps. includes ground water source
and ground source equipment
that is not regulated by DOE
and was not included in the
term sheet exclusions. In
addition, the term sheet
specifies that the exclusion
would apply only to embedded
``supply and condenser fans.''
Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Chiller No.
Packages.
Ceiling-Mounted Computer-Room Air Partially. The term sheet only
Conditioners. excludes embedded fans in
computer room air conditioners
that are subject to DOE energy
conservation standards.
Walk-In Cooler and Freezer Display Door Yes, these fans are below 1 hp.
Walk-In Cooler and Freezer Non-Display Yes, these fans are below 1 hp.
Door.
Walk-In Cooler and Freezer Yes, these fans are below 1 hp.
Refrigeration System.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
As previously noted, in response to the April 2020 Notice of
Petition, Greenheck commented in support of a scope consistent with the
term sheet and with ASHRAE 90.1-2019 (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003,
Greenheck, No. 6.1 at p. 2) Johnson Controls commented in support of
the exclusions requested by the Petitioners (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-
PET-0003, Johnson Controls, No. 10 at pp. 1).
CTI commented in support of the exclusion of fans used in heat
rejection equipment as requested by the Petitioners. CTI commented that
this exclusion was included in the term sheet scope recommendation
based on the widespread usage of equipment-level energy efficiency
metrics; the low potential for energy savings; the potential unintended
increases in fan and system energy use ; and the associated design
challenges due to the very large size of fans used in heat rejection
equipment. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, CTI, No. 11 at pp. 1-2)
AHRI commented in support of the Petitioners' request to exclude
from the scope of the test procedure condenser fans embedded in
commercial and industrial chillers, condensing units, and unregulated
packaged air conditioners and heat pumps with cooling capacity greater
than 760,000 Btu/h, consistent with Section 6.4.1.1 of ASHRAE 90.1-
2019. AHRI also supported the exclusions listed in the
[[Page 44206]]
term sheet for heat rejection equipment, including but not limited to
air cooled condensers, dry coolers, cooling towers, evaporative
condensers, and hybrid wet/dry units. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-
0003, AHRI, No. 14 at p. 2) Further, AHRI commented in support of
additional exclusions to exclude all fans in all regulated equipment
and asserted that EPCA does not permit two standards to be applied to
regulated equipment. AHRI stated that the list of equipment in Section
6.4.1.1 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 strictly applies to air distribution
equipment and does not include all regulated equipment incorporating
fans, such as boilers. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, AHRI, No. 14
at p. 2) In addition, AHRI questioned the representativeness of
applying a standalone fan metric for embedded fans in regulated
equipment.\31\ AHRI asserted that the standalone fan metric, after
accounting for system effect, would not provide an appropriate basis
for comparison of performance. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, AHRI,
No. 14 at p. 2) Daikin commented in support of all of AHRI's comments
on the petition. (Daikin, No. 8 at p. 1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\31\ The AMCA 214-21 metric describes fan performance as tested
in a standalone configuration (i.e. not installed inside other
equipment).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lennox commented that fans embedded in DOE regulated HVACR
equipment should be excluded from the scope to avoid duplicative
burdens for HVACR equipment already subject to DOE regulation. (Docket
No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Lennox, No. 5 at p. 3)
Several interested parties commented in support of an equipment
level approach (i.e., system approach) that would regulate the HVACR
equipment rather than what they described as a component level
approach. CTI commented that energy conservation standards based on
already established equipment-level metrics are more effective at
reducing energy consumption compared to energy savings obtained by
using a fan efficiency metric, and at a lower regulatory burden.
(Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, CTI, No. 11 at p. 2) Daikin
commented that DOE had recently stated that it may seek to establish
regulatory coverage over equipment, rather than the components in such
equipment. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Daikin, No. 8 at p. 1) In
addition, Daikin commented that the purpose of the FEI established by
AMCA 214 is to help drive fan sizing and better fan selection. Daikin
commented that while there were benefits to improving fan sizing and
incentivizing better fan selection for standalone fans, not all
possible FEI improvement approaches are practical for embedded fans
(e.g., increasing fan size or increasing the number of fans). Daikin
stated that certain equipment incorporating embedded fans must comply
with multiple safety standards and performance standards. Daikin
commented that embedded fans are carefully selected to adhere to such
safety and performance standards, and that component sizes or the
number of components cannot be altered to meet the needs of a component
level test procedure. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Daikin, No. 8
at p. 1)
Daikin generally supported the exclusions requested by the
Petitioners, stating that such exclusions should be reflected in the
scope of AMCA 214. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Daikin, No. 8 at
p. 1). CTI also commented that the exclusions requested by the
Petitioners should be reflected in the scope of AMCA 214 and expressed
concern that the draft AMCA 214 test standard \32\ could allow for the
inclusion of embedded fans at some point in the future. CTI further
stated that AMCA 214 is not suitable for inclusion in a regulatory
program due to testing and accuracy issues. CTI did not provide a
description of these issues. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, CTI,
No. 11 at p. 3)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\32\ AMCA 214-21 had not yet published at the time of these
comments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the October 2021 RFI, AHRI commented that there have
been many changes since the conclusion of the Working Group. For
example, the introduction of FEI in ASHRAE 90.1, the development of a
new test procedure for FEI, and the publication of AMCA 214. AHRI
commented that itis chiefly concerned with ensuring that the scope of
coverage does not impose double regulation on covered equipment. AHRI
commented that AMCA 214-21 does not specifically exclude embedded fans
other than in the foreword (which states that ``AMCA Standard 214
primarily is for fans that are tested alone or with motors and drives;
it does not apply to fans tested embedded inside of other equipment'');
however, AHRI stated that there is no normative procedure for applying
a stand-alone fan metric to embedded applications. (AHRI, No. 10 at p.
2)
In response to the October 2021 RFI, AHRI and Morrison commented
that any fan and blower regulations should exclude all fans and blowers
used in regulated equipment because EPCA does not permit two standards
to be applied to a single federally regulated product. AHRI and
Morrison cited DOE's discussion in a final rule published July 22, 2009
\33\ in which DOE stated, ``EPCA authorizes DOE to establish a
performance standard or a single design standard. As such, a standard
that establishes both a performance standard and a design requirement
remain beyond the scope of DOE's legal authority.'' AHRI and Morrison,
citing 42 U.S.C. 6313(a)(6)(C), asserted that introducing component
regulation on regulated products creates a secondary redesign cycle
contrary to EPCA. AHRI and Morrison also asserted that EPCA is clear
that DOE is prohibited from setting a new efficiency standard on
products within certain defined time limits. Specifically, AHRI and
Morrison commented that DOE cannot set new efficiency standards for
products manufactured after a date that is the later of (1) the date
that is three years after publication of the final rule establishing a
new standard; or (2) the date that is six years after the effective
date of the current standard for a covered product, citing 42 U.S.C.
6313(a)(6)(C)(iv). AHRI and Morrison commented that introducing a fan
regulation on top of a regulation for covered equipment would
complicate the regulatory, design and compliance cycles. AHRI and
Morrison added that clearly excluding fans in regulated products will
help DOE comply with the legally mandated schedule and parameters laid
out under EPCA. AHRI and Morrison additionally commented that DOE
should maintain consistency in its rulemaking process and seek to
establish regulatory coverage over equipment rather than the components
in such equipment. (AHRI, No. 10 at pp. 3-4; Morrison, No. 8 at p. 2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\33\ Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial
Equipment: Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures for
Commercial Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Water-Heating Equipment.
74 FR 36312, 36322 (July 22, 2009).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morrison added that DOE should only regulate standalone fans and
not those embedded in equipment since none of the referenced test
methods are for embedded fans. Further, Morrison commented that the
vast majority of fans manufactured by Morrison are
incorporated in HVAC equipment that already have energy efficiency
measures that account for the fan energy, and thus should continue to
be out of scope for this regulation. (Morrison, No. 8 at p. 1)
In its proposed regulation, the CEC proposes to exclude embedded
fans, as defined in AMCA 214-21, including embedded fans in air curtain
units.\34\ In
[[Page 44207]]
its staff report, the CEC stated that its proposal would exclude fans
embedded in regulated and nonregulated equipment where the main
function is other than the movement of air, as long as the fan is not
sold or offered for sale as a standalone product.\35\ As reasons for
exclusion, the CEC stated that these fans are either manufactured by an
original equipment manufacturer (OEM), who embeds the fan in a piece of
equipment where the main function is something other than the movement
of air, or because they are manufactured for the purpose of being
embedded into an appliance after market.\36\ The CEC also discussed the
potential complexity of testing embedded fans and the accuracy of the
results. See section III.D.8 of this document for further discussion
related to testing.\37\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\34\ See Proposed regulatory language for Commercial and
Industrial Fans and Blowers available in the following Docket: 22-
AAER-01 at: efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=22-AAER-01.
\35\ See CEC Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers Staff
Report, Docket No. 22-AAER-01, TN# 241951, at p. 16.
\36\ Id.
\37\ See CEC Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers Staff
Report, Docket No. 22-AAER-01, TN# 241951, at p. 30
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE proposes to exclude fans embedded in equipment listed in Table
III-5, as long as the fan is not distributed in commerce as a
standalone product, consistent with the Working Group term sheet scope
recommendations related to embedded fans. The equipment listed in Table
III-5 includes equipment that is separately regulated by DOE (``covered
equipment'') as well as non-covered equipment (i.e., transportation
refrigeration equipment, vacuum cleaners, heat rejection equipment, and
air curtains).
Fans used in transportation equipment are often designed to
accommodate the limited space available and are built following
specific construction requirements to withstand shock and vibrations.
These design constraints significantly limit potential opportunities
for improvements in efficiency. Consistent with the Working Group term
sheet (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006-0179, Recommendation #2 at p.
2), DOE proposes to exclude fans that are exclusively embedded in
transport refrigeration (i.e., trailer refrigeration, self-powered
truck refrigeration, vehicle-powered truck refrigeration, and marine/
rail container refrigeration) at this time.
DOE proposes to exclude fans that are exclusively embedded in
vacuum cleaners. AHRI initially made this recommendation on the basis
that these fans represent low energy savings potential due to their low
operating hours. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; AHRI, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 166 at p. 11) Fans embedded in vacuums cleaners
are not used to produce airflow. Rather, they are used to create a
vacuum for material handling purposes (i.e., moving dust, small
particles etc.). DOE has tentatively determined that a clean air test
using AMCA 210-16 would not result in a measurement of energy use or
energy efficiency during a representative average use cycle. For this
reason, and consistent with the Working Group term sheet scope
recommendations, DOE proposes to exclude fans embedded in vacuum
cleaners from the scope of the test procedure.
Fans used in heat rejection equipment are primarily fabricated in-
house by the heat rejection equipment manufacturer and that these fans
are not sold in a standalone configuration.\38\ For this reason, and
consistent with the Working Group term sheet scope recommendations, DOE
proposes to exclude fans embedded in heat rejection equipment from the
scope of the test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\38\ In some cases, the heat rejection equipment manufacturer
may purchase the impeller and assemble the fan in a housing which is
tied to the structure of the heat rejection equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air curtains are used in entrances to buildings or openings between
two spaces conditioned at different temperatures. Their performance
does not depend on the airpower alone, but on their ability to create a
uniform airstream that separates two spaces from each other. Air
curtains are subject to a separate AMCA testing standard.\39\ This
standard establishes uniform methods for the testing of an air curtain
to determine aerodynamic performance in terms of airflow rate, outlet
air velocity uniformity, power consumption, and air velocity
projection. Air curtains include fans packaged with a motor, filter,
outlet section (a nozzle, discharge grille, etc.), and in some cases a
mounting plate, and/or an electric heater or water heater. The
performance of fans embedded in air curtains is related to airflow
rate, outlet air velocity uniformity, and air velocity projection as
opposed to the airpower output alone, which is what is accounted for in
AMCA 210-16. Therefore, DOE has tentatively determined that fans
embedded in air curtain fans would necessitate consideration of a
different metric to better capture the energy use of air curtain fans
under a representative cycle of use. Therefore, DOE proposes that fans
embedded in air curtains not be addressed in the proposed test
procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\39\ AMCA, Standard 220-21, ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Air
Curtains for Aerodynamic Performance Ratings,'' 2021. Available at
www.amca.org.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, at this time, DOE proposes that the test procedure
would exclude fans in covered equipment in which the fan energy use is
already captured in the equipment specific test procedures. DOE is
proposing to adopt an exclusion for fans embedded in equipment listed
in Table III-5,\40\ as long as the fan is not distributed in commerce
as a standalone product. DOE proposes to also exclude fans embedded in
direct-expansion dedicated outdoor systems (``DX-DOAS'') to reflect the
DOE proposed test procedure and metric for DX-DOAS that, if adopted,
would incorporate fan energy use. See 86 FR 72874, 72889-72890
(December 23, 2021). These proposed exclusions are consistent with the
recommendations of the Working Group. The proposed approach would avoid
regulating fans for which existing DOE regulations account for their
energy use by excluding such fans from the test procedure if
distributed solely embedded in the listed equipment. To the extent a
fan is distributed in commerce as a stand-alone fan, and therefore is
not limited to use in specific equipment, or embedded in equipment in
which its energy use is not addressed in a DOE test procedure, such a
fan would be subject to the DOE test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\40\ DOE notes that while the Working Group recommended to
exclude fans in residential furnaces that are subject to DOE's
energy conservation standard at 10 CFR 430.32(y), furnace fans are
excluded from the definition of ``fan and blower'' and therefore do
not need to be listed as a proposed exclusion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table III-8 summarizes the exclusively embedded fans proposed for
exclusions from the scope of the test procedure.
[[Page 44208]]
Table III-8--Exclusively Embedded Fans Proposed for Exclusion From the
Scope of the Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fans exclusively embedded in:
Direct-expansion dedicated outdoor systems (``DX-DOASes'') subject
to any DOE test procedures in appendix B to subpart F of part 431.*
Single-phase central air conditioners and heat pumps rated with a
certified cooling capacity less than 65,000 British thermal units
per hour (``Btu/h''), that are subject to DOE's energy conservation
standard at 10 CFR 430.32(c).
Three-phase, air-cooled, small commercial packaged air-conditioning
and heating equipment rated with a certified cooling capacity less
than 65,000 Btu/h, that are subject to DOE's energy conservation
standard at 10 CFR 431.97(b).
Transport refrigeration (i.e., Trailer refrigeration, Self-powered
truck refrigeration, Vehicle-powered truck refrigeration, Marine/
Rail container refrigerant), and fans exclusively powered by fan
combustion engines.
Vacuum cleaners.
Heat Rejection Equipment:
Packaged evaporative open circuit cooling towers.
Evaporative field-erected open circuit cooling towers.
Packaged evaporative closed-circuit cooling towers.
Evaporative field-erected closed-circuit cooling towers.
Packaged evaporative condensers.
Field-erected evaporative condensers.
Packaged air-cooled (dry) coolers.
Field-erected air-cooled (dry) coolers.
Air-cooled steam condensers.
Hybrid (water saving) versions of all of the previously
listed equipment that contain both evaporative and air-cooled heat
exchange sections.
Air curtains.
** Air-cooled commercial package air conditioners and heat pumps (CUAC,
CUHP) with a certified cooling capacity between 5.5 tons (65,000 Btu/h)
and 63.5 tons (760,000 Btu/h) that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at 10 CFR 431.97(b).
** Water-cooled and evaporatively-cooled commercial air conditioners and
water-source commercial heat pumps that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at 10 CFR 431.97(b).
** Single package vertical air conditioners and heat pumps that are
subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at 10 CFR 431.97(d).
** Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTAC) and packaged terminal heat
pumps (PTHP) that are subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at
10 CFR 431.97(c).
** Computer room air conditioners that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at 10 CFR 431.97(e).
** Variable refrigerant flow multi-split air conditioners and heat pumps
that are subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at 10 CFR
431.97(f).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
** DX-DOASes are not currently subject to a DOE test procedure. However,
there is an ongoing rulemaking to establish a test procedure for DX-
DOASes that DOE anticipates will be finalized before the final rule of
the fans and blowers rulemaking. Information about this rulemaking can
be found at regulations.gov under the Docket Number EERE-2017-BT-TP-
0018.
* The exclusion only applies to supply and condenser fans embedded in
this equipment.
As discussed, DOE is proposing to exclude embedded fans that are
not distributed in commerce as standalone fans. DOE acknowledges that
in a number of instances, a standalone fan purchased by a manufacturer
for incorporation into a unit of listed equipment may be
indistinguishable based on physical features from a fan that is
purchased by a manufacturer for incorporation into non-listed equipment
or from a fan used as a standalone fan. During the ASRAC negotiations,
AHRI conducted a survey of its members to determine the number of fans
purchased versus manufactured by the equipment manufacturer. (Docket
No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, AHRI, No. 125.3, at p. 1) AHRI estimated
that over 80 percent of all fans that are used as components across all
commercial regulated equipment are manufactured by the equipment
manufacturer. Id. This percentage was higher for commercial air-
conditioning and heat pump equipment and was estimated to be between 94
and 99 percent. Id.
In order to provide additional specificity as to the fans that
would be subject to the embedded fan exclusion, DOE proposes to use the
term ``exclusively embedded fans'' to designate the fans covered by the
embedded fan exclusion. DOE proposes to define ``exclusively embedded
fan'' as: a fan or blower that is manufactured and incorporated into a
product or equipment manufactured by the same manufacturer and that is
exclusively distributed in commerce embedded in another product or
equipment. Based on this information, DOE has tentatively determined
that the vast majority of fans used as components in regulated
commercial HVACR equipment would meet the proposed definition of
exclusively embedded fan and would not be subject to the test procedure
as proposed in this NOPR.
The following examples illustrate how the proposed definition of
exclusively embedded fan would impact whether a fan must be tested and
certified to DOE:
If a manufacturer makes a fan and incorporates it into
equipment that the manufacturer also makes, that fan would meet the
definition of exclusively embedded fan. If the embedded fan is part of
equipment listed in Table III-8 of this document, that fan would be
excluded from the proposed scope of the test procedure so long as the
manufacturer does not also sell that fan as a standalone fan. If the
embedded fan is not part of equipment listed in Table III-8 of this
document, the embedded fan would be included in the proposed scope of
the test procedure and the fan would be subject to the test procedure.
If Manufacturer A makes (or imports) a fan and then only
sells it to Manufacturer B who then only distributes that fan in
commerce embedded within a larger piece of equipment, that fan would
not meet the definition of exclusively embedded fan (even if the
equipment is listed in Table III-8 of this document), as it would be
distributed in commerce as a standalone fan by Manufacturer A, and
therefore the fan would be subject to the test procedure under the
proposal.
If a fan is exclusively imported as part of a larger piece
of equipment, that fan would meet the definition of exclusively
embedded fan. If the embedded fan is part of equipment listed in Table
III-8 of this document, that fan would be excluded from the proposed
scope of applicability of the test procedure. If the embedded fan is
not part of equipment listed in Table III-8 of this document, the
embedded fan would be included in the proposed
[[Page 44209]]
scope of applicability of the test procedure.
DOE requests comment on the proposed exclusively embedded fan
exclusions listed in Table III-8 of this document.
DOE seeks information on whether it is common practice for
standalone fan manufacturers that supply fans to HVACR equipment
manufacturers to test these fans in accordance with AMCA 214-21 or AMCA
210-16 in a standalone configuration, and to provide fan performance
data for these fans.
DOE seeks information on whether it is common practice for
manufacturers of HVACR equipment that manufacture and incorporate fans
into their equipment to test these fans in accordance with AMCA 214-21
or AMCA 210-16 in a standalone configuration, and to provide fan
performance data to their customers.
DOE seeks comment on the estimates provided for the percentage of
fans that are incorporated in HVACR equipment that are purchased by the
HVACR equipment manufacturer vs. manufactured in-house.
DOE seeks comment and input regarding any physical features that
could be used to distinguish a fan that is exclusively designed for use
in equipment listed in Table III-8 of this document.
DOE seeks comment on the proposed definition of ``exclusively
embedded fan''.
4. Air Circulating Fans
In the October 2021 RFI, DOE requested information regarding
potential test procedures for fans and blowers, including air
circulating fans, specifically air circulating fan heads (``ACFHs''),
and requested feedback on definitions provided in AMCA 230-15 and on
the scope of any potential test procedure for air circulating fans. 86
FR 54412, 54414-54415. DOE described ACFHs as designed to provide
concentrated directional airflow and consisting of a motor, impeller
and guard for mounting on a pedestal, wall mount bracket, ceiling mount
bracket, I-beam bracket or other mounting means. 86 FR 54412, 54414.
DOE stated that ACFHs are different from ceiling fans, which are
designed to circulate air rather than provide concentrated directional
airflow; and as a result, ACFHs have lower diameter-to-maximum
operating speed ratio (expressed in inches per revolutions per minute
(``in/RPM'')) than ceiling fans. Id. Comments received related to
definitions are discussed in section III.B.4 of this document. As
discussed in section III.B.4, DOE proposes to define air circulating
fans and related terms.
AMCA commented in support of developing test procedures for ACFHs.
AMCA recommended that for clarity, repeatability, and market
confidence, DOE should harmonize with IEC 60879:2019 ``Comfort fans and
regulators for household and similar purposes--Methods for measuring
performance,'' and set a simple electrical-input-power threshold by
excluding ACFHs less than 125 Watts (``W'') from a commercial and
industrial ACFH test procedure. AMCA stated this would cover the vast
majority of fans used in commercial and industrial applications and
would exclude fans mostly used for residential applications. (AMCA, No.
6 at p. 6) In addition, AMCA commented in support of developing a test
procedure for additional categories of air circulating fans defined in
AMCA 230-15 (i.e., personnel coolers, box fans, and table fans),\41\
using AMCA 230-15 as the basis for a test procedure and including fans
of greater than or equal to 125 W electrical input power. AMCA also
stated that, should DOE develop energy conservation standards for air
circulating fans, all categories of circulating fans should be subject
to the same efficiency standard and lower wattage scope limit. (AMCA,
No. 6 at p. 6) AMCA commented that impeller diameter is not an
appropriate criteria to use to delimit the scope of a potential test
procedure for ACF, specifically for ACFHs. AMCA commented that typical
impeller diameters for ACFHs offered for sale in the United States
range from 12 inches to 36 inches; however, there is no practical
reason that an ACFH with a diameter outside that range could not be
manufactured and/or sold. AMCA stated that limiting the DOE test
procedure to specific diameters could encourage the introduction of
fans outside of the covered diameters into the marketplace. AMCA added
that typical motor sizes range from \1/10\ hp to \2/3\ hp, with \1/10\,
\1/8\, \1/4\, \1/3\, \1/2\, and \2/3\ hp being the most common; but
because there is no mandated test procedure and reporting requirements,
fan electrical-input-power data is not readily available for the
majority of ACFHs and cannot be estimated using the motor horsepower.
AMCA commented that ACFH motors typically are loaded above their
nameplate horsepower, such that simply multiplying the published hp by
the conversion factor of 746 Watts per hp and dividing by a nominal
motor efficiency does not provide a useful input-power estimate. (AMCA,
No. 6 at p. 7) AMCA stated that IEC 60879:2019 covers additional
product classes, such as ``tower fans'' and ``bladeless fans'' and that
these categories of fans should be excluded from the test procedure.
(AMCA, No. 6 at p. 6)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\41\ AMCA 230-15 defines ``personnel cooler'' as a fan used in
shops, factories, etc., generally supplied with wheels or casters on
the housing or frame to aid in portability, and with motor and
impeller enclosed in a common guard and shroud; ``box fan'' as a fan
used in an office or residential application and having the motor
and impeller enclosed in an approximately square box frame having a
handle; and ``table fan'' as a fan intended for use on a desk, table
or countertop, and which may also be provided with the means for
mounting to a wall. See Sections 5.1.2 through 5.1.5 of AMCA 230-15.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC commented that additional categories of air
circulating fans other than ACFHs, such as personnel coolers, box fans,
and table fans, meet the definition of ``fan and blower'' and thus
should be included in the test procedure. ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC added that
these additional air circulating fan categories are covered in the
existing AMCA 230-15 test procedure for air circulating fans, such that
it is feasible to include them within the scope of the DOE test
procedure. ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC commented that generally, air circulating
fans are fans used to circulate air within a confined space for use in
agriculture, manufacturing, etc. and estimated the total global market
for all fans and blowers to be approximately $20 billion, while
agricultural ventilation, a major market for air circulating fans, is
expected to reach $1.3 billion by 2027. ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC commented
that establishing standardized DOE test procedures and efficiency
ratings for air circulating fans will ensure that purchasers have
access to comparable information about efficiency, enabling informed
purchasing decisions. (ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC, No. 7 at p. 1) ASAP, ACEEE,
NRDC supported limiting the definition of air circulating fans to input
powers of 125 W and above, stating that this would be consistent with
IEC 60879:20195 and fan standards in the European Union. ASAP, ACEEE,
NRDC added that a minimum input power cut-off of 125 W is sufficient to
reasonably distinguish air circulating fans that are to any significant
extent distributed in commerce for industrial or commercial use. (ASAP,
ACEEE, NRDC, No. 7 at p. 2)
The CA IOUs recommended that DOE regulate all commercial air
circulating fans not currently covered, which could be defined as
having a minimum power draw threshold such as 125 W. Additionally, the
CA IOUs stated that personnel and agricultural fans that have solid
housings or that may not meet the diameter-to maximum
[[Page 44210]]
operating speed ratio \42\ should be regulated, but are not considered
ACFHs. The CA IOUs further commented that there is support by the
industry to regulate all commercial air circulating fans, and they
recommended that DOE undertake an additional rulemaking(s) to cover
them. (CA IOUs, No. 9 at p. 3)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\42\ As discussed in section I.A.4 of this document, ACFH have a
maximum diameter-to maximum operating speed ratio of 0.06 inches per
rotations per minute (``in/RPM'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEEA recommended that DOE consider evaluating efficiency standards
and test procedures for additional categories of air circulating fans,
such as industrial personnel coolers, box fans, and table fans that
meet the definition of circulating fan. NEAA stated that the RFI
focused primarily on ACFHs, and that other, non-ceiling categories of
air circulating fans such as industrial personnel coolers, box fans,
and table fans fall within the definition of a ``fan'' as defined in
the final determination published on August 19, 2021. NEEA asserted
that DOE has the authority to develop an efficiency standard for these
types of equipment. NEEA supports the development of efficiency
standards and test procedures for these industrial equipment categories
and recommended that DOE consider regulating other fans listed in AMCA
230-15 under the same standard and utilize the same test procedure.
NEEA additionally commented that with this scope expansion, DOE has the
potential to influence the market towards more efficient technologies
where possible and could realize significant energy savings for these
equipment categories. (NEEA, No. 11 at p. 2)
MEP recommended that the definition for an ACFH should include a
requirement for polyphase electric current with a fan shaft power
greater than 3 hp, to avoid including ``residential fans'' in
regulations and to align ACFHs with the upper limit of the small
electric motors hp range as presented in Sec. 431.446(a). (MEP, No. 5
at p. 1)
In response to an energy conservation standards RFI published on
February 8, 2022 (``February 2022 ECS RFI''; 87 FR 7048), ASAP, ACEEE,
NRDC, and NEEA stated that, should very small-diameter (``VSD'')
ceiling fans not be included in the scope of the ongoing ceiling fan
rulemaking, DOE should cover them as ACFHs under the fans and blowers
rulemaking. These commenters supported this by stating that, since the
diameter-to-maximum operating speed ratios of VSDs are often less than
0.06, they would not qualify as ceiling fans according to the ceiling
fan definition in the proposed ceiling fan scope, but would qualify as
ACFHs. They also commented that VSDs and ACFHs have similar physical
characteristics. (Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002, ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC,
and NEEA, No. 6 at pp. 2-3)
In response to the February 2022 ECS RFI, ebm papst stated that fan
airflow rate can be reliably determined for air circulating fans using
the AMCA 230 testing method, particularly for air circulating fans with
an input power greater than 125 W. (Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002,
ebm-papst, No. 8 at p. 2)
AMCA 230-15 (with errata) does not include any limitation in terms
of input power of the air circulating fans that can be tested in
accordance with the test procedure. The AMCA committee is considering
limiting the scope of AMCA 230-15 (with errata) to air circulating fans
with input power of 125 W and above to focus on commercial and
industrial fan applications and exclude residential fans such as tower
fans and bladeless fans.
DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed test procedure
would provide a representative measurement of energy use or energy
efficiency during a representative average use cycle for all air
circulating fans as defined as proposed in section III.B.4 of this
document. Therefore, at this time, DOE proposes to include all
categories of air circulating fans in the scope of the proposed test
procedure; i.e., including equipment with input power less than 125 W.
Should DOE identify additional information to justify excluding fans
with input power less than 125 W from the scope (or any other power
limit that may be justified), DOE may consider applying a power limit
in the final rule as considered by the AMCA committee and supported by
stakeholders. In addition, DOE may consider specifying that the 125 W
corresponds to the air circulating fan's input power at maximum speed.
MEP recommended that the scope of a DOE test procedure should only
include products exclusively used to move air. MEP commented that
products that perform additional combustion, humidification,
dehumidification, heating, or cooling functions should be excluded from
this test procedure. MEP added that the rationale for this
recommendation is found in the foreword of AMCA 214-21, which states,
``AMCA Standard 214 primarily is for fans that are tested alone or with
motors and drives; it does not apply to fans tested embedded inside of
other equipment''. MEP also stated that fans used in supplementary
electric heater products and portable electric heaters should also be
excluded from the fan regulations, asserting that any inefficiencies of
supplementary electric heater products and portable electric heaters
would serve to provide heat to a space in addition to that which is
supplied by a primary electric heater.\43\ (MEP, No. 5 at p. 2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\43\ MEP referenced Direct Heating equipment rulemakings: 85 FR
77017 and 86 FR 20053.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE's proposed test procedure for air circulating fans, if
finalized, would apply to the equipment that meets the definition of
fan and blower. The air circulating fan would be tested in a standalone
configuration (i.e., not incorporated inside other equipment) in
accordance with the proposed DOE test procedure, which would be based
on AMCA 214-21.
DOE requests comments on the proposed scope of applicability of the
test procedure for air circulating fans.
5. Non-Electric Drivers
Some fans operate with non-electric drivers, such as engines or
generators, and such fans may be used in non-stationary applications or
stationary applications. The Working Group recommended that DOE exclude
fans that are exclusively powered by internal combustion engines from
the test procedure and related energy conservation standards. (Docket
No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; No. 179, Recommendation #2, at p. 2)
AMCA 214-21 does not provide for the testing of fans and blowers
powered by internal combustion engines. In order to measure the energy
efficiency or energy use the energy performance of non-electric drivers
during a representative average use cycle, separate test methods would
be necessary for each type of driver (e.g., engine, generators). DOE is
not currently aware of a relevant industry test procedure and does not
have information regarding the test set-up required to test fans
powered by internal combustion engines. As such, DOE is not proposing
test procedures for fans and blowers powered exclusively by an internal
combustion engine at this time, regardless of whether such fan or
blower is used in a stationary or non-stationary application.
Certain bare-shaft fans can be powered by either electric drivers
(i.e., motors) or non-electric drivers. DOE has tentatively determined
that to the extent that such a fan is powered by an electric driver,
the proposed test procedure would provide for measurement of the energy
efficiency or energy use the
[[Page 44211]]
energy performance of non-electric drivers during a representative
average use cycle when powered by an electric driver. As such, DOE is
proposing that such a fan would be subject to the proposed test
procedure.
DOE requests comment on excluding fans and blowers that are
exclusively powered by internal combustion engines from the scope of
this test procedure and associated energy conservation standards.
DOE requests feedback and information on the physical features that
would help distinguish fans and blowers that are exclusively powered by
internal combustion engines from other fans and blowers.
6. Replacement Parts
The Working Group did not address the issue of replacement parts in
the term sheet. (Docket EERE-2013-BT-TP-0055; No. 179, Appendix F at p.
19).
Clarage commented that no exemptions should be made for replacement
parts. (Docket EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Clarage, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 161 at p. 43) The CA IOUs commented that no exemptions
should be made for replacement fans (Docket EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; CA
IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 163 at p. 185)
ebm-papst commented that replacements for identical fan models that
are not compliant should be exempt from the regulation for no more than
5 years. (Docket EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; ebm-papst, No. 152 at p. 3)
Several stakeholders commented that replacement fans for fans
embedded in larger pieces of equipment should be exempted from the test
procedure and energy conservation standard rulemaking. Ingersoll Rand/
Trane commented that replacement fans used as components should be
exempted. Ingersoll Rand/Trane stated that replacement fans under the
new regulation may not be suitable for the existing equipment, and thus
replacement of the equipment may be required in order for the fan to
comply. In addition, Ingersoll Rand/Trane expressed safety concerns
that could arise from using replacement fans on existing equipment that
serves applications such as combustion air, or heating applications.
(Docket EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Ingersoll Rand/Trane, No. 153 at p. 5)
AHRI commented that replacement fans for fans embedded in equipment
made before the compliance date should be exempt because the life of
the equipment is longer than the life of the fan. In addition, AHRI
noted that most replacement fan parts are supplied from the original
equipment manufacturers and are not sold in a testable configuration;
therefore the exemption of replacement fans is unlikely to create
enforcement loopholes. (Docket EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; AHRI, No. 158 at
p. 7)
AMCA commented that no consensus was obtained amongst AMCA's
membership regarding an approach for replacement fans. (Docket EERE-
2013-BT-TP-0006; AMCA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 164 at p. 325) In
response to the October 2021 RFI, AHRI and Morrison commented that the
scope of any fan regulation should be limited to standalone fans and
should recognize the utility of replacement parts. These commenters
stated that HVACR and water heating equipment are built, tested, rated,
and certified as a completed design, which is reliant upon a specific
set of components, and that modifying these components changes the
performance of the equipment. AHRI and Morrison also commented that in
many cases, such as supply air fans for gas fired heat exchangers, hot
water coils or electric resistance units, there are a variety of
equipment safety and performance standards affected by the precisely
engineered fan performance. AHRI and Morrison stated that if a
replacement fan is made non-compliant because of new regulations, the
continued safe use of the system would be called into question and the
negative consequences could be catastrophic. (AHRI, No. 10 at p. 3;
Morrison, No. 8 at p. 2) Morrison commented that replacement parts used
in HVAC equipment should therefore be out of scope for safety reasons.
(Morrison, No. 8 at p. 2)
As discussed, fans and blowers as defined consist of an impeller, a
shaft and bearings and/or driver to support the impeller, as well as a
structure or housing. They may include a transmission, driver, and/or
motor controller. The proposed test procedure would apply to the fan
and blower as complete equipment (i.e., inclusive of all the parts
listed in the definition) and not to a single component of the fan
(e.g., the impeller alone). DOE proposes to include all fans and
blowers that: (1) meet the criteria for scope inclusion as described in
section III.A.1 of this document, and (2) are not proposed for
exclusion as listed in section III.A.2 of this document or Table III-8
of this document, regardless of whether that fan is a replacement fan.
DOE is not proposing to include fan parts (e.g., impeller, housing) in
the scope of the test procedure, as such components do not meet the
definition of fan and blower. At this time, DOE is not proposing energy
conservation standards for fans and blowers, and the proposed test
procedure would not impact the availability of current models. The
proposed test procedure, if final, would not set any energy
conservation standards and would not result in any non-compliant fans.
B. Definitions
This section discusses DOE's proposed definitions for specific
terms used in the proposed test procedure.
1. Fan and Blower Categories
DOE proposes to define several fan and blower categories to support
the scope proposals described in section III.A of this document.
As previously discussed, the classification of fans and blowers
recommended by the Working Group for coverage under a test procedure
and the corresponding terms and definitions in AMCA 214-21 and in the
CEC proposed regulations are presented in Table III-1 of this document.
The CEC definitions are similar to the AMCA 214-21 definitions. The
inclusion of additional language in the CEC definitions to indicate a
fan's intended application or whether a fan's inlet or outlet is
(optionally, as relevant) ducted is informative, but does not further
distinguish the terms. In addition, for axial panel fans, the CEC
definitions specifies that the housing is typically mounted to a wall
separating two spaces, and the fans are used to increase the pressure
across this wall. Inlets and outlets are not ducted.
DOE proposes to utilize the terminology and definitions specified
in AMCA 214-21 to define the categories of fans and blowers proposed in
the scope of applicability of the test procedure and tested using AMCA
210-16 as follows: (1) axial inline fan; (2) centrifugal housed fan;
(3) centrifugal unhoused fan; (4) centrifugal inline fan; (5) radial-
housed fan; and (6) PRVs. (See Table III-1 of this document). DOE
proposes to modify the definition of axial panel fan as provided in
AMCA 214-21 to distinguish these fans from air circulating axial panel
fans.\44\ The addition in the CEC definitions specifies that axial
panel fans are typically mounted to a wall separating two spaces, and
the fans are used to increase the pressure across this wall. This
description distinguishes axial panel fans from axial air circulating
panel fans, which do not have provisions for connection to ducting or
separation of the fan inlet from its outlet. However,
[[Page 44212]]
the CEC distinction is based on how the fan is installed. Instead, DOE
proposes to rely on physical features and to define axial panel fans as
follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\44\ The AMCA 214-21 and CEC definitions for these terms appear
in Table III-1 of this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Axial panel fans means an axial fan, without cylindrical housing,
that includes a panel, orifice plate, or ring with brackets for
mounting through a wall, ceiling, or other structure that separates the
fan's inlet from its outlet.
In addition, to support the exclusions proposed in section III.A.2
of this document, and clarify which fans would fall under the proposed
exclusions. DOE proposes a definition of ``safety fan'', as discussed
in section III.B.3 of this document. DOE also proposes to adopt
definitions of the terms ``induced flow fan'' and ``jet fan'' as
established in AMCA 214-21. In addition, DOE proposes to define
``cross-flow fan'' as defined in AMCA 208-18. See section III.A.2 of
this document.
DOE requests comment on the definitions proposed for the following
fan categories: (1) axial inline fan; (2) axial panel fan; (3)
centrifugal housed fan; (4) centrifugal unhoused fan; (5) centrifugal
inline fan; (6) radial-housed fan; and (7) PRVs, consistent with AMCA
214-21. If any of the definitions are not appropriate, DOE seeks input
on how they should be amended and why.
DOE seeks input and comments on the proposed definitions of (1)
induced flow fan, (2) jet fan, and (3) cross-flow fan consistent with
AMCA 214-21 and AMCA 208-18. If any of the definitions are not
appropriate, DOE seeks input on how they should be amended and why.
2. Basic Model
The basic model concept allows manufacturers to group like models
for the purpose of making representations of energy efficiency and/or
energy use, including for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with
DOE's energy conservation standards to the extent DOE has established
such standards. The concept of basic model may allow manufacturers to
reduce the amount of testing they must do to rate the energy use or
efficiency of their product. DOE's current regulations provide
equipment-specific basic model definitions, which typically state that
models within the same basic model group have ``essentially identical''
energy or water use characteristics; as well as a general definition
that provides (with some exceptions noted in the regulatory text) that
a basic model means ``all units of a given type of product (or class
thereof) manufactured by one manufacturer, having the same primary
energy source, and which have essentially identical electrical,
physical, and functional characteristics that affect energy
consumption, energy efficiency, water consumption, or water
efficiency.'' See for example 10 CFR 430.2; 431.62, 431.152, 431.192,
431.202, 431.222, and 431.292.
DOE proposes to add a definition of basic model specific to fans
and blowers that specifies a ``basic model'' as ``all units of fans and
blowers manufactured by one manufacturer, having the same primary
energy source, and having essentially identical electrical, physical,
and functional (e.g., aerodynamic) characteristics that affect energy
consumption.''
Fan and blower manufacturers may offer for sale the same bare shaft
fan assembled, packaged, or integrated with different motor,
transmission, and control combinations. Based on DOE's proposed basic
model definition, the same bare shaft fan, sold with different
combinations of motor, transmission, and controls (or as a bare shaft
fan) could be grouped under the same basic model. In addition, fan
manufacturers would be able to elect to group similar individual fan
models within the same basic model under the same ratings to reduce
testing burden, provided that all representations regarding the energy
use of fans within that basic model are identical and are based on the
most consumptive unit. See 76 FR 12422, 12428-12429 (March 7,
2011).\45\ Manufacturers would have the option to certify separate
ratings for each combination of bare shaft fan, motor, transmission
and/or control in order to make separate representations of the
performance of each specific combination.
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\45\ These provision would allow manufacturers to group
individual models with essentially identical, but not exactly the
same, energy performance characteristics into a basic model to
reduce testing burden. Under DOE's certification requirements, all
the individual models within a basic model identified in a
certification report as being the same basic model must have the
same certified efficiency rating and use the same test data
underlying the certified rating. The March 7, 2011, final rule also
established that the efficiency rating of a basic model must be
based on the least efficient or most energy consuming individual
model (i.e., all individual models within a basic model must be at
least as energy efficient as the certified rating). 76 FR 12422,
12428-12429.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In view of the substantial number of fans that could be subject to
an individual certification requirement for each basic model, the
Working Group discussed various options to reduce the burden of
certification when the basic models only differed in terms of a single
bare shaft fan feature, e.g., number of blades on the impeller, wheel
width, or pitch angle as opposed to a different motor, transmission or
control combination. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 162 at pp. 24-63. One option discussed was to only
require testing and certifying a fan model based on a single value or
setting of the bare shaft fan feature, and only publishing one rating
for that fan model, without differentiating for the variations in the
given bare shaft fan feature. However, because this would provide
inaccurate performance information, this option was not further
considered. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 162, at pp. 45-46)
A second option that was discussed was to require that
manufacturers certify a limited number of basic models and provide DOE
with a mathematical formula to enable interpolating results for non-
certified models. However, because these formulas can be proprietary
algorithms, this option was not further considered. (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-STD-0006; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 162 at p. 38 and at p.
48)
A third option that was discussed was to require manufacturers to
certify a limited number of basic models and to provide DOE with a
statement that all other fan variations based on changing one of the
bare shaft fan's features was also compliant. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-
STD-0006; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 162 at pp. 48, 61) For
example, a manufacturer would be required to certify one basic model at
the feature-setting corresponding to the highest energy consumption and
to submit to DOE a statement certifying that all other fan variations
based on changing that one feature were also compliant. Another example
would be to require manufacturers to certify the bounds of a range, for
example maximum and minimum impeller width, and submit a statement that
any fan model in between would be compliant. Under this option,
manufacturers would still be allowed to make representations of the FEP
and FEI of the non-certified basic models. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-
STD-0006; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 162 at p. 61)
A fourth option discussed was to allow manufacturers to be able to
submit an executable version of their selection programs to DOE for
certification instead of submitting a separate compliance statement and
certification report for each individual basic model, or variation of a
basic model which would constitute a new basic model. In addition,
because all manufacturers may not have a selection software, the
Working Group discussed that the equivalent alternative would be to
have to submit individual
[[Page 44213]]
certification statements and reports for each individual basic model
and any of their variations that would constitute a new basic model.
Test results for each basic model would need to be provided in a
tabular format, with the possibility of replacing the tabular format by
equations providing equivalent results (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-
0006; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 162, at pp. 62-77)
This fourth and last option was the one recommended by the Working
Group. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; No. 179, Recommendation #26,
at p. 13) Specifically, AMCA recommended that DOE use a process similar
to the Electronic Catalog Checking System (referred to as ``ECAT'')
used by AMCA to check the validity of fans offered for sale in
manufacturer selection programs. AMCA suggested that DOE use ECAT or a
comparable system to evaluate selection software that represents what
manufacturers offer for sale. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; AMCA,
No. 168 at p. 2) AMCA added that their members are especially concerned
with how manufacturers would certify fans with partial-width wheels and
reiterated that their preference is to allow submission of selection
software, or to tie each sale to a certified full width model with an
AEDM to simplify certification of a modified certified fan after
production. AMCA explained that very few partial-width wheel fans are
likely to ever be produced twice, however, manufacturers offer them for
sale using selection programs, displaying and documenting their
performance to customers. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; AMCA, No.
169 at p. 5)
Some manufacturers may distribute in commerce a fan model that can
be ``configured.'' For example, an adjustable-pitch axial fan of a
given size may be offered at 30 different blade pitches. Similarly, a
centrifugal fan of a given size may be offered in small increments of
impeller widths and impeller diameters without changing the housing
size. As each blade pitch angle is a variation of the same fan model,
DOE proposes that all blade pitches of a certain size adjustable-pitch
axial fan may be represented as a single basic model.
Similar to the approach taken for pumps for trimmed impellers (see
81 FR 4086, 4092-4093 (January 26, 2016), DOE proposes that, for
centrifugal fans, manufacturers represent efficiency at the full-
impeller width (i.e., 100 percent impeller width) and full-impeller
diameter (i.e., 100 percent impeller diameter). Fan performance
information is typically provided at 100 percent impeller width and 100
percent impeller diameter in manufacturer product literature.
Additionally, DOE proposes that all variations of a given full-size
impeller width and full-size impeller diameter may be considered to be
part of a single basic model represented by the fan with the full-size
impeller width and full-size diameter. As such, DOE proposes to define
``full-width impeller'' and ``full-diameter impeller'' as ``the maximum
impeller width and the maximum impeller diameter with which a given fan
basic model is distributed in commerce.'' The grouping of impeller
diameter variation under the same basic model would not allow grouping
of fans of different full-impeller size together. Rather, the proposal
would capture small increments of impeller widths and impeller
diameters (without changing the housing or structure of the fan). For
example, if a manufacturer offers the same fan model in the following
full-impeller sizes: 60, 70, 80, and 90 inches, each full-impeller size
would constitute a separate basic model. However, a fan with an
impeller trimmed to 69 inches could be grouped with the same 70-inch
untrimmed fan.
In summary, DOE proposes to define ``basic model'' as meaning ``all
units of fans and blowers manufactured by one manufacturer, having the
same primary energy source, and having essentially identical
electrical, physical, and functional (e.g., aerodynamic)
characteristics that affect energy consumption. In addition: (1) all
variations of blade pitches of an adjustable-pitch axial fan may be
considered a single basic model; and (2) all variations of impeller
widths and impeller diameters of a given full-width impeller and full-
diameter impeller centrifugal fan may be considered a single basic
model.''
DOE believes this approach will address concerns expressed by
commenters regarding the potentially large number of models that would
need to be considered.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of basic model,
with respect to fans and blowers.
3. Safety Fans
DOE proposes a definition of safety fan to support the exclusion
for safety fans proposed in section III.A.2 of this document.
In the energy conservation standards framework document published
February 1, 2013, DOE presented a definition for safety fans, as
follows: ``an axial or centrifugal fan designed for use in applications
requiring extra safety measures, such as: (a) those designed to operate
in potentially explosive atmospheres; (b) those designed for emergency
use only, at short-time duty, with regard to fire safety requirements;
(c) those designed specifically to operate where the temperature of
gases being moved exceed 500 [deg]F; and (d) those designed for toxic,
highly corrosive, or flammable environments with abrasive substances.''
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 1, at p. 9) This definition was
based on the European Commission Regulation No. EU 327/2011.\46\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\46\ The definition from the European Commission Regulation No.
EU 327/2011 is provided in Article 1, Section 3 of the European
Commission Regulation No. EU 327/2011 which defines safety fans as
(1) Fans designed specifically to operate in potentially explosive
atmospheres; (2) Fans designed for emergency use only, at short-time
duty, with regard to fire safety requirements; (3) Fans designed
specifically to operate: (a) Where temperatures of the gas being
moved exceed 100 [deg]C; (b) Where ambient temperatures for the
motor, if located outside the gas airstream, driving the fan exceed
65 [deg]C; (c) Where the annual average temperature of the gas being
moved and/or the operating ambient temperature for the motor, if
located outside the gas stream, are lower than -40 [deg]C; (d) In
toxic, highly corrosive or flammable environments or in environments
with abrasive substances. See eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011R0327.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Working Group recommended to exclude safety fans and further
included a recommended definition for these fans, consistent with the
European definition as follows: fans designed for use in applications
requiring extra safety measures, such as: (a) those designed to operate
in potentially explosive atmospheres (``ATEX'' fans); \47\ (b) those
designed for emergency use only, at short-time duty, with regard to
fire safety requirements (e.g., smoke extraction fans, emergency
reversible tunnel fans); (c) those designed specifically to operate
where the temperature of gases being moved exceed 200 [deg]F; \48\ or
(d) those designed for use in toxic, highly corrosive, or flammable
environments [or in environments] with abrasive substances (e.g. NQ-
1).\49\ (Docket No. EERE-2013-
[[Page 44214]]
BT-STD-0006; No. 179, Recommendation #2, at p. 2; No. 179, Appendix D,
at p. 17)
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\47\ ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU covers equipment and protective
systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres or
``Atmosphere Explosive'' (``ATEX'').
\48\ The temperature limit in the safety fan definition as
written in the term sheet should have been of 200 [deg]C (392
[deg]F), and not 200 [deg]F. As specified in the term sheet, the
intent of the Working Group was to align the safety fan definition
with the European definition. The limit of 200 [deg]C corresponds to
``high temperature fans'' as defined in EN 12101-3:2002 ``Smoke and
heat control systems. Specification for powered smoke and heat
exhaust ventilators'', class F200 (resistant to 200 [deg]C during 20
minutes) and to the ``T3'' temperature classification in NFPA 70
(National Electrical Code, NEC) article 500 and 505.
\49\ Fans for nuclear applications were discussed during the
July 21, 2015 meeting of the Working Group. (Docket No. EERE-2013-
BT-STD-0006, No. 161, Public Meeting transcript, at p. 75) There was
a typographic error in the public meeting transcript and the term
sheet. The intent of ``NQ-1'' as written in the term sheet was to
refer to nuclear fans and refers to ``NQA-1'' or fans that meet the
requirements in American Society of Mechanical Engineering
(``ASME'') NQA-1 certification program ``Quality Assurance
Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To help identify safety fans, the Working Group relied on the
description of physical characteristics, third party testing, or third
party verification terms such as ATEX and NQA-1 to identify nuclear
fans. The Working Group stated that the definition recommended in
appendix D may be subject to potential edits necessary to accomplish
the same intent. Id.
After publication of the term sheet, AMCA commented, with regard to
safety fans, that fans for nuclear installations should be exempted
from the rulemaking scope. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; AMCA, No.
169 at p. 3). In addition, AMCA noted that Working Group members agreed
that the high temperature limit for fans should be set at 200 [deg]C,
rather than 200 [deg]F, which is the temperature limit in the term
sheet. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; AMCA, No. 169 at p. 4).
As discussed in section III.A.2 of this document, the exceptions to
section 6.5.3.1.3 (``Fan Efficiency Requirements'') of ASHRAE 90.1-2019
related to safety fans include: fans used for moving gases at
temperatures above 482 [deg]F (equivalent to 250[deg]C); reversible
fans used for tunnel ventilation; and fans that are intended to only
operate during emergency conditions.
The CEC has proposed the following definition of safety fan: (1) a
fan that is designed and marketed to operate only at or above 482
[deg]F (250 [deg]C); (2) a reversible axial fan in cylindrical housing
that is designed and marketed for use in ducted tunnel ventilation that
will reverse operations under emergency ventilation conditions; (3) a
fan bearing an Underwriter Laboratories or Electric Testing
Laboratories listing for ``Power Ventilators for Smoke Control
Systems''; (4) an open discharge exhaust fan with integral discharge
nozzles which develop or maintain a minimum discharge velocity of 3000
feet per minute (``FPM''); (5) a fan constructed in accordance with
AMCA type A or B spark resistant construction as defined in ANSI/AMCA
Standard 99-16 Standards Handbook; (6) a fan designed and marketed for
use in explosive atmospheres and tested and marked according to EN
13463-1:2001 Non-electrical Equipment for Potentially Explosive
Atmospheres; or (7) an electric-motor-driven- Positive Pressure
Ventilator as defined in ANSI/AMCA Standard 240-15 Laboratory Methods
of Testing Positive Pressure Ventilators for Aerodynamic Performance
Rating.\50\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\50\ See CEC Docket No. 22-AAER-01, TN # 241950, Proposed
regulatory language for Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers,
at pp. 7-8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regarding item (1) of the CEC definition, the temperature limit in
the CEC definition is 250 [deg]C, compared to 200 [deg]C recommended in
the term sheet. This higher temperature aligns with the exceptions to
Section 6.5.3.1.3 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 ``Fan Efficiency Requirements,''
which excludes fans used for moving gases at temperatures above 482
[deg]F (equivalent to 250[deg]C). Items (2), (3), (5),\51\ and (6) of
the CEC definition describe fans that are used in explosive atmospheres
or for smoke extraction. Item (4) of the CEC definition includes the
minimum discharge velocity of 3000 FPM, which corresponds to the
minimum safe discharge velocity per ANSI Z9.5-2012 ``Laboratory
Ventilation,'' \52\ which describes fans that are used in laboratory
environments. Finally, item (7) of the CEC definition, which relates to
positive pressure ventilator fans, describes fans that are used
(typically by firefighters) to remove heat and combustion products from
a structure. Positive pressure ventilator fans are excluded from AMCA
210-16 and are tested per AMCA 240-15, Laboratory Methods of Testing
Positive Pressure Ventilators for Aerodynamic Performance Rating.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\51\ Fan applications with airstreams of explosive or flammable
particles or gases require spark resistant construction in
accordance with AMCA spark resistant specifications as described in
ANSI/AMCA Standard 99-16 ``Standards Handbook''. Spark resistant
construction is intended to prevent any two or more fan components
from generating sparks within the airstream by rubbing or striking
during operation. AMCA 99-16 defines three classes of spark
construction resistant constructions: A, B and C, with level C being
the ``entry level'' and level A offering the highest degree of spark
resistance.
\52\ ANSI/AIHA/ASSE Z9.5-2012, ``Laboratory Ventilation''
provides laboratory ventilation requirements and practices.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on a review of the existing industry and regulatory
definitions of ``safety fan,'' DOE has tentatively determined that the
definition proposed by the CEC is representative of the equipment
considered ``safety fans''; i.e., fans that can operate at high
temperatures, fans that are used in explosive atmospheres or for smoke
extraction, fans that are used in laboratory environments, and fans
used to remove heat and combustion products from a structure.
Therefore, DOE proposes to adopt a definition in line with the
definition proposed by the CEC with the following edits. Regarding item
(1) of the CEC definition: DOE proposes not to include the term
``only'' from ``a fan that is designed and marketed to operate only at
or above 482 degrees Fahrenheit (250 degrees Celsius)'' because DOE has
tentatively determined that a fan that can operate at or above a
certain temperature can also operate below. Regarding item (4) DOE has
tentatively determined that the definition of safety fans is equivalent
to ``laboratory exhaust fans'' as defined in Section 3.52 of AMCA 214-
21: fans designed and marketed specifically for exhausting contaminated
air vertically away from a building using a high-velocity discharge.
DOE is considering replacing item (4) with ``laboratory exhaust fans''
and to define it in accordance with AMCA 214-21. DOE also reviewed item
(6) and notes that the referenced industry standard is no longer
current has been replaced. In 2008, the International Electrotechnical
Commission System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment
for Use in Explosive Atmospheres replaced EN 13463-1 by ISO 80079-36,''
Explosive atmospheres--Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive
atmospheres--Basic method and requirements''.\53\ The latest version of
ISO 80079-36 is the 2016 edition. Therefore, DOE proposes to reference
ISO 80079-36:2016, instead of EN 13463-1:2001. In addition, DOE notes
that AMCA 230-15 is under review and DOE proposes to update the
reference to the latest version of AMCA 230 available at the time of
publication of the test procedure final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\ See www.intertek.com/blog/2019-03-14-hazloc/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comments on its proposed definition of safety fans.
Specifically, DOE requests comments in whether item (4) of the CEC
definition of safety fans is equivalent to ``laboratory exhaust fans''
as defined in Section 3.52 of AMCA 214-21.
4. Air Circulating Fans
In the October 2021 RFI, DOE published a request for information
regarding potential test procedures for fans and blowers, specifically
for air circulating fans and ACFHs. 86 FR 54412. DOE noted that Section
5.1 of AMCA 230-15 defines an ``air circulating fan'' as ``a non-ducted
fan used for the general circulation of air within a confined space.''
86 FR 54412, 54414. Further, AMCA 230-15 classifies ACFHs as a category
of air circulating
[[Page 44215]]
fans and defines ACFHs in Section 5.1.1 of AMCA 230-15 as follows: ``an
assembly consisting of a motor, impeller and guard for mounting on a
pedestal having a base and column, wall mount bracket, ceiling mount
bracket, I-beam bracket or other commonly accepted mounting means.''
Section 5.1.1 of AMCA 230-15. DOE noted that Section 3.15 of AMCA 214-
21 defines the term ``circulating fan'' as ``a fan that is not a
ceiling fan that is used to move air within a space that has no
provision for connection to ducting or separation of the fan inlet from
its outlet. The fan is designed to be used for the general circulation
of air.'' Id. DOE also noted that AMCA 214-21 does not include a
definition for ACFH. Id. DOE requested feedback on the definitions of
air circulating fan and ACFHs as provided in AMCA 230-15, and of other
categories of air circulating fans (i.e., personnel coolers, box fans,
and table fans). 86 FR 54412, 54414.
AMCA commented that it did not support using the AMCA 230-15
definition of ``air circulating fan'' because it had been updated in
AMCA 214-21. In addition, AMCA recommended adding ``air'' to the
defined term (i.e., ``air circulating fan''). (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 3)
In response to the February 2022 ECS RFI, ebm papst commented that
the descriptions of the different types of ACFs in AMCA 230 were not
intended to be used for delineating ACFs into different classes in DOE
regulations. (Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002, ebm-papst, No. 8 at p.
2)
Since the end of the comment period, the AMCA 230 committee \54\has
been considering a revised definition of air circulating fan as
follows: a fan that has no provision for connection to ducting or
separation of the fan inlet from its outlet using a pressure boundary,
operates against zero external static pressure loss, and is not a jet
fan (as defined in AMCA 214-21).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\54\ A technical Committee was formed to review AMCA 230-15. For
more information see https://www.cognitoforms.com/AMCA1/_230TechnicalCommitteeInvitation10132021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE reviewed the definition of ``air circulating fan'' in AMCA 214-
21 and notes that the description of the intended application is
unnecessary and may create confusion with the proposed ceiling fan
definition, as discussed further in this section. In addition, as noted
previously, DOE does not consider ceiling fans as fans and blowers, and
therefore ceiling fans are not included as ``air circulating fans''.
For this reason, DOE has determined that it is unnecessary to specify
that an air circulating fan is not a ceiling fan within the definition
of air circulating fan. DOE also reviewed the definition being
considered by the AMCA 230 committee which adds the following terms ''
using a pressure boundary'' and ``operates at zero static pressure'' to
further specify that air circulating fans do not have any provision for
connection to ducting or separation of the fan inlet from its outlet
that would create a static pressure differential between the inlet and
the outlet of the fan. In addition, DOE agrees that jet fans should be
excluded as discussed in section III.A.2 of this document.
Therefore, DOE proposes to define air circulating fan using the
definition being considered by the AMCA 230 committee as it provides
further specificity and proposes to define air circulating fans as ``a
fan that has no provision for connection to ducting or separation of
the fan inlet from its outlet using a pressure boundary, operates
against zero external static pressure loss, and is not a jet fan.''
Air circulating fans exist in different configurations depending on
the impeller design (axial or centrifugal), presence or absence of a
guard and/or housing, and the shape of the housing. As discussed, AMCA
230-15 (with errata) includes the following equipment categories
discussed in the remainder of this section: (1) ACFHs; (2) personnel
coolers; (3) box fans; and (4) table fans.
In response to the October 2021 RFI, AMCA commented that it does
not support DOE using the AMCA 230-15 definition of ACFH because AMCA
believes the definition seems insufficient to distinguish ACFHs from
ceiling fans. AMCA additionally commented that because ACFHs can be
sold with mounting kits for installation onto ceilings, I-beams, or
other overhead structures, there is confusion in the industry as to
whether they meet the statutory definition of ceiling fan. Instead,
AMCA recommended adopting a modified ACFH definition as follows: ``An
assembly consisting of a motor, impeller and guard for mounting on a
pedestal having a base and column, wall mount bracket, ceiling mount
bracket, I-beam bracket or other commonly accepted mounting means. ACFH
do not have housings with solid walls, such as tubes, boxes or panels.
An ACFH has a maximum value of diameter-to-maximum-operating-speed
ratio (e.g., 0.06 inches per rotations per minute (``in/RPM'')) to
distinguish ACFH from ceiling fans. ACFH are known by other names in
the various industries in which they are used, including basket fan,
horizontal-airflow fan, and stir fan''. AMCA suggested that the
revisions would ensure the definition separates ACFHs from other types
of air circulating fans and that including the maximum-value threshold
of 0.06 in/RPM would separate ACFHs from ceiling fans. AMCA
additionally commented that the suggested revisions further highlight
alternative names for ACFHs used in industry. (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 4)
AMCA also provided supporting analysis of the performance data of 178
models of air circulating fan heads, all of which had a diameter-to-
maximum-operating-speed ratio less than 0.06 in/RPM, as recommended in
the ACFH definition. (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 5)
The CA IOUs recommended that DOE add the following sentence to the
definition of ACFH to the existing definition in AMCA 230-15 to
distinguish ACFHs from ceiling fans and other air circulating fans such
as personnel and livestock coolers: ``ACFHs do not have housings with
solid walls such as tubes, boxes, or panels. An ACFH has a maximum
value of diameter-to-maximum operating speed ratio of 0.06 in/RPM (inch
per revolution per minute)''. The CA IOUs explained that the addition
would clarify that ACFHs are basket-type fans that do not have solid
housings. (CA IOUs, No. 9 at pp. 1-2)
NEEA commented in support of AMCA's analysis of the existing market
and of using 0.06 in/RPM as the maximum value for ACFHs. (NEEA, No. 11
at p.1)
AHRI supported the explicit inclusion of ACFHs under fans and
blowers, with modifications to the definition of ACFHs as recommended
by AMCA. AHRI commented in support of AMCA's proposed additions to the
ACFH definition to specify that an ACFH ``do(es) not have housings with
solid walls, such as tubes, boxes or panels.'' AHRI commented that the
inclusion of this text is important, stating that it not only helps
define the product, but it also clearly fits within the scope of AMCA
214-21. AHRI stated that AMCA 214-21 specifies that ``AMCA Standard 214
primarily is for fans that are tested alone or with motors and drives;
it does not apply to fans tested embedded inside of other equipment,''
and as such, that it is only necessary to regulate standalone fans.
(AHRI, No. 10 at p. 2)
MEP commented that broad definitions result in significant and
undue burden on manufacturers that use any type of fan in any of their
products, as those manufacturers have to evaluate each product against
each proposed aspect of each step in the regulatory process. MEP
recommended that DOE establish ACFH as a product
[[Page 44216]]
category of fans as defined at 10 CFR 431.172 with the following
definition: ``ACFHs are fans powered by poly-phase electric current
with a fan shaft power greater than 3 hp and which only provide
concentrated directional airflow and where the construction consists of
a motor, impeller, guard, and may include connections for mounting or
support and which are exclusive of other covered products or fans
embedded inside of other equipment or products.'' MEP commented that
the definition of ceiling fan is obvious and exclusionary from an ACFH.
MEP further stated that AMCA recognizes the definition of ``embedded
fan'' in Section 3.25.4 of ANSI/AMCA 214-21 as ``a fan that is part of
a manufactured assembly where the assembly includes functions other
than air movement'' and recommended that DOE include this qualification
in the Federal definition of ACFH to clarify the separation between
ceiling fans and other products that use fans for purposes other than
air circulation (e.g., combustion, humidification, dehumidification,
heating, or cooling to name a few). (MEP, No. 5 at p. 1) .
Since the end of the comment period, the AMCA 230 committee has
considered a revised definition of ACFH, under the term ``ACFH,
unhoused'' as follows: an air circulating fan without housing, having
an axial impeller with a ratio of fan-blade span (in inches) to maximum
rate of rotation (in revolutions per minute) less than or equal to
0.06. The impeller may or may not be guarded.
On December 7, 2021, DOE published a supplemental notice of
proposed test procedures for ceiling fans. 86 FR 69544 (``December 2021
Ceiling Fans SNOPR''). In the December 2021 Ceiling Fans SNOPR, DOE
proposed a definition of ceiling fan that specifies the term
``circulating air'' based on diameter-to-maximum operating speed ratio:
a fan for ``circulating air'' is one with a ratio of fan blade span (in
inches) to maximum rotation rate (in revolutions per minute) greater
than 0.06. 86 FR 69544, 69551. To support this proposed definition, DOE
performed an independent analysis and tentatively determined that ACFHs
have a diameter-to-maximum operating speed ratio of less than or equal
to 0.06 in/RPM. 86 FR 69544, 69550.
ACFHs are air circulating fans without a housing (i.e., cylindrical
housing, box housing, or panel). They have an axial impeller which is
typically surrounded by a guard and are commonly called ``basket
fans''. Therefore, the added specification of ``unhoused'' in the
definition from the AMCA 230 committee is helpful to further
distinguish these fans. DOE reviewed comments from stakeholders and has
tentatively determined that the definition being considered by the AMCA
230 committee would address stakeholder comments and would ensure that
ACFH are distinguished from other types of fans and blowers and air
circulating fans. Therefore, DOE proposes to define an unhoused ACFH as
follows: ``An air circulating fan without housing, having an axial
impeller with a ratio of fan-blade span (in inches) to maximum rate of
rotation (in revolutions per minute) less than or equal to 0.06. The
impeller may or may not be guarded. '' The 0.06 in/RPM threshold is
appropriate to differentiate ACFHs from ceiling fans and aligns with
the December 2021 Ceiling Fans SNOPR. In addition, the additional
description of the absence of a housing would ensure that ACFHs are
distinguished from other categories of fans and blowers and air
circulating fans. Table fans would be included in the proposed
definition of unhoused ACFHs.
As previously noted, air circulating fans also come with housings.
To describe air circulating fans with housings, the AMCA 230 committee
is considering a definition of housed ACHFs as: an air circulating fan
with an axial or centrifugal impeller, and a housing. DOE has
tentatively determined that the definition considered by the AMCA 230
committee accurately describes all categories of equipment that fall
under housed ACFHs, therefore, DOE proposes to adopt the definition
established by the AMCA 230 committee. The AMCA 230 committee is
further considering establishing definitions for four categories of
housed ACFHs, as follows: (1) an air circulating axial panel fan means
an axial air circulating fan without a cylindrical housing or box
housing that is mounted on a panel, orifice plate or ring (also
commonly known as panel fan, cow cooler, livestock cooler); (2) a box
fan means an axial air circulating fan without a cylindrical housing
that is mounted on a panel, orifice plate or ring and is mounted in a
box housing; (3) a cylindrical air circulating fan means an axial air
circulating fan in a cylindrical housing that is not a positive
pressure ventilator (``PPV'') (also commonly known as personnel cooler,
barrel fan, drum fan, high velocity fan, portable cooler, thermal
mixing fan, destratification fan, downblast fan); and (4) a housed
centrifugal air circulator means a fan with a centrifugal or radial
impeller in which airflow exits into a housing that is generally scroll
shaped to direct the air through a single, narrow fan outlet (also
commonly known as utility blower, loading dock fan, carpet dryer, floor
fan).
DOE reviewed additional air circulating fans with housing
distributed in commerce and has tentatively identified four categories
of air circulating fans based on the blade design (i.e., axial or
centrifugal) and housing configuration (i.e., panel, box, cylindrical,
or scroll shaped), matching the equipment segmentation considered by
the AMCA 230 committee. In addition, as discussed in section III.B.3,
DOE proposes to exclude PPVs and proposes to add this clarification
when defining cylindrical air circulating fans. DOE has tentatively
determined that the definitions considered by the AMCA 230 committee
accurately describes the four categories of equipment that DOE
identified as meeting the definition of housed ACFH. Therefore, DOE
proposes to adopt the definitions of air circulating axial panel pan,
box fan, cylindrical air circulating fan, and housed centrifugal air
circulator as considered by the AMCA 230 committee, with the following
clarifications: (1) DOE proposes to replace ``air circulating fan'' by
``housed air circulating fan head'' to explicitly indicate that each of
these fans are housed ACFHs; (2) replace the term ``circulator'' by ''
circulating fan'' for consistency in terminology; (3) remove the
examples of additional terms used commonly by industry. Personnel
coolers (as defined in AMCA 230-15 (with errata)) would be included
under the proposed cylindrical air circulating fan definition.
In response to the February 2022 ECS RFI, the CA IOUs commented
that DOE should include panel fans as ACFs and that panel fans are
often used as ACFs for air circulation and cooling for residential,
commercial, and agricultural spaces. They also stated that most of the
ACFs in the Bioenvironmental and Structural System Lab (``BESS Lab'')
database are panel fans. (Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002, CA IOUs,
No. 7 at p. 5-6) ebm papst recommended that the DOE test procedure
should clearly state that basket fans (consisting of a motor, axial
impeller, and a basket-style guard that partially or completely
encloses the rotating parts) should be tested according to AMCA 230.
(Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002, ebm-papst, No. 8 at p. 2)
As noted previously, DOE proposes to include axial panel air
circulating fan as a category of housed ACFH. In addition, DOE notes
that basket fans meet the
[[Page 44217]]
proposed definition of unhoused ACFH and would therefore be tested in
accordance with AMCA 214-21, referencing AMCA 230-15 (with errata) and
modifications proposed in this notice.
For all definitions related to air circulating fans, DOE is aware
that the revisions being considered by the AMCA 230 committee are
subject to change and could further be revised in the next version of
AMCA 230. Should the revised version of AMCA 230 publish prior to the
publication of any DOE test procedure final rule, DOE intends, after
considering stakeholder feedback received in response to the proposals
in this document, to revise the definitions in line with the latest
AMCA 230 standard, provided the updates in this standard are consistent
with the definitions DOE is proposing in this NOPR or the updates are
related to topics that DOE has discussed and for which DOE has
solicited comments in this NOPR.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions for air
circulating fan and related terms.
5. Definitions Related to Heat Rejection Equipment
As stated, DOE is proposing to exclude from the scope of the test
procedure fans and blowers exclusively embedded in heat rejection
equipment, specifically fans and blowers exclusively embedded in
packaged evaporative open circuit cooling towers; evaporative field-
erected open circuit cooling towers; packaged evaporative closed-
circuit cooling towers; evaporative field-erected closed-circuit
cooling towers; packaged evaporative condensers; field-erected
evaporative condensers; packaged air-cooled (dry) coolers; field-
erected air-cooled (dry) cooler; air-cooled steam condensers; and
hybrid (water saving) versions of such listed equipment that contain
both evaporative and air-cooled heat exchange sections. The Working
Group provided the following definitions for these equipment:
Packaged evaporative open-circuit cooling tower: a device
which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the direct cooling of a
water stream to a lower temperature by partial evaporation;
Evaporative field erected open-circuit cooling tower: a
structure which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the direct
cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature by partial
evaporation;
Packaged evaporative closed-circuit cooling tower: a
device which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the indirect
cooling of a process fluid stream in an internal coil to a lower
temperature by partial evaporation of an external recirculating water
flow;
Evaporative field erected closed-circuit cooling tower: a
structure which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the indirect
cooling of a process fluid stream to a lower temperature by partial
evaporation of an external recirculating water flow;
Packaged evaporative condenser: a device which rejects
heat to the atmosphere through the indirect condensing of a refrigerant
in an internal coil by partial evaporation of an external recirculating
water flow;
Field erected evaporative condenser: a structure which
rejects heat to the atmosphere through the indirect condensing of a
refrigerant in an internal coil by partial evaporation of an external
recirculating water flow;
Packaged air-cooled (dry) cooler: a device which rejects
heat to the atmosphere from a fluid, either liquid, gas or a mixture
thereof, flowing through an air-cooled internal coil;
Field erected air-cooled (dry) cooler: a structure which
rejects heat to the atmosphere from a fluid, either liquid, gas or a
mixture thereof, flowing through an air-cooled internal coil; and
Air-cooled steam condensers: a device for rejecting heat
to the atmosphere through the indirect condensing of steam inside air-
cooled finned tubes. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179,
Recommendation #2, at pp. 2-3)
As discussed in of this document. DOE proposes to exclude fans
exclusively embedded in heat rejection equipment, consistent with the
recommendation of the Working Group. To support these exclusions, DOE
proposes to adopt definitions of the terms used to specify the relevant
heat rejection equipment. The proposed definitions are based on the
recommendations of the Working Group. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-
0006, No. 179, Recommendations #2, at pp. 2-3)
DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions related to heat
rejection equipment.
6. Outlet Area
The equations in Section A.2 of AMCA 208-18, discussed in section
III.D.10 of this document, require determination of the fan outlet or
discharge area. Section 5.5.4 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata), defines the
discharge area as the area of a circle having a diameter equal to the
blade tip diameter. DOE notes that this definition is only applicable
to unhoused ACFHs as the discharge area of a housed ACFH is determined
based on the surface area at the exit of the housing and is not based
on the fan blade tip diameter. In contrast, Section 3.57 of AMCA 214-21
provides the following definition of outlet area: the area in contact
with the fan's outlet. AMCA 99-16 provides the following definitions of
fan outlet and fan outlet area: (1) fan outlet means the plane
perpendicular to the airstream at the outlet opening of the fan or the
manufacturer-supplied evas[eacute] or diffuser; (2) fan outlet area
means the gross inside area measured at the plane of the outlet
opening. For a roof ventilator, it is the gross impeller outlet area
for centrifugal types or the gross housing area at the impeller for
axial types (see Section 0066 of AMCA 99-16).
The AMCA 230 committee is considering revising the definition of
discharge area to include housed ACFHs, and to replace the term
``discharge area'' by ``fan outlet area'', which is a more commonly
used term. In addition, the AMCA committee is considering adding
diagrams to further clarify how the fan outlet area should be
determined for housed ACFHs.
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing a definition for fan outlet area
specific to air circulating fans as (i.e., ``air circulating fan outlet
area''): (1) for unhoused ACHFs, the area of a circle having a diameter
equal to the blade tip diameter; (2) for housed ACFHs, the inside area
perpendicular to the airstream, measured at the plane of the opening
through which the air exits the fan.
For fans and blowers other than air circulating fans, DOE notes
that Annex H of AMCA 210-16 includes requirements for determining where
the fan outlet area is measured for different fan categories and also
references AMCA 99-16, which includes further diagrams to aid in the
determination of the outlet area. DOE has tentatively determined that
for fans and blowers other than air circulating fans, the current
definition in AMCA 214-21 and the existing requirements in Annex H of
AMCA 210-16 are sufficient to determine the outlet area and is not
proposing edits. Should DOE receive comments that additional
specifications are required, DOE may consider revising the definition
of outlet area for fans and blowers other than air circulating fans.
DOE requests comment on its proposed definition of air circulating
fan outlet area. DOE additionally requests comment on whether the
definition of outlet area for fans and blowers other than air
circulating fans should be revised and, if so, how.
[[Page 44218]]
C. Industry Standards
DOE's established practice is to adopt industry standards as DOE
test procedures, unless such methodology would be unduly burdensome to
conduct or would not produce test results that reflect the energy
efficiency, energy use, water use (as specified in EPCA) or estimated
operating costs of that product during a representative average use
cycle. 10 CFR 431.4; 10 CFR part 430 subpart C appendix A section 8(c).
The Working Group recommended that the test procedure for
commercial and industrial fans:
(1) For standalone (non-embedded) fans, be based on a physical test
performed in accordance with the latest version of AMCA 210 (i.e.,
available at the time of publication of any test procedure final rule)
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation #7, at p.
5); \55\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\55\ Currently the latest version of AMCA 210 is AMCA 210-16.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Establish methods to determine the ``FEP'' either by: the
direct measurement of the electrical input power to the fan, or by the
measurement of the mechanical input power to the fan (i.e., a fan shaft
power test, which captures the performance of the bare-shaft fan) and
by applying default values (i.e., calculation algorithms) to reflect
the additional motor, transmission, or motor controller energy use
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation #9, at pp.
5-6); and \56\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\56\ A bare-shaft fan is a fan without a motor or any other
drive.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Allow the use of equations (``fan laws'') to determine the
performance of a bare-shaft fan at a non-tested speed, based on the
results of a test conducted at a different speed. (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation #17, at p. 10)
The Working Group also recommended specific test set-up and minimal
testable configurations to use for each fan category.\57\ (Docket No.
EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation #7, at p. 5)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\57\ AMCA 214-21 references AMCA 210-2016 as the physical test
method to use for fans and blowers (except ACFHs). AMCA 210-16
describes four fan test set-ups (or ``installation categories'')
designated by a letter, depending on the ducting at the inlet and
outlet of the fan. ``A'': free inlet, free outlet; ``B'': free
inlet, ducted outlet; ``C'': ducted inlet, free outlet; and ``D'':
ducted inlet, ducted outlet.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Working Group further made recommendations on calculation
algorithms and reference values to use to represent the motor,
transmission, and motor controller energy efficiency when testing a fan
based on a fan shaft power test. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No.
179, Recommendations #10 through #15, at pp. 6-9) Additionally, the
Working Group recommended that embedded fans be tested in a standalone
fan configuration (i.e., outside of the piece of equipment in which
they are embedded). Because some components of embedded fans may not be
removable without causing irreversible damage to the equipment, the
Working Group recommended non-impeller components of the fan that are
geometrically similar to the ones used by the fan as embedded in the
larger piece of equipment be used to complete the fan testable
configuration. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179,
Recommendation #8, at pp. 5-6) The Working Group also recommended
calculating FEP as the ratio of the electrical input power of a
reference fan (in this case, a fan that is exactly compliant with any
future fan energy conservation standards) to the electrical input power
of the actual fan for which the FEP is calculated, both established at
the same duty point.\58\ In addition, the Working Group recommended
using either static or total pressure \59\ to characterize the duty
point of a fan and to calculate the associated reference FEP, depending
on the fan category and the test set-up used.\60\ (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendations #18, #19, at pp. 10-11)
Finally, the Working Group recommended equations and default values to
use when calculating the reference FEP of a fan at a given duty point.
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendations #18 through
#21, at pp. 10-12)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\58\ A duty point is characterized by a given airflow and
pressure and has a corresponding operating speed.
\59\ Fan total pressure is the air pressure that exists by
virtue of the state of the air and the rate of motion of the air. It
is the sum of velocity pressure and static pressure at a point. If
air is at rest, its total pressure will equal the static pressure.
\60\ Depending on the fan category, the fan performance is
represented using a test set-up with a ducted outlet (i.e., using
total pressure) or a free outlet (i.e., using static pressure) to
reflect typical usage conditions. Fans with ducts attached to the
fan's outlet are typically selected based on their performance at a
given airflow and total pressure, because both the static pressure
and fan velocity pressure are available to overcome system
resistance. However, fans with a free outlet are typically selected
based on their performance at a given airflow and static pressure,
because the velocity pressure cannot be used to overcome system
resistance. The Working Group recommended using total pressure for
some categories of fans (i.e., axial cylindrical housed fans,
centrifugal housed fans, inline and mixed flow fans, and radial
housed fans) and static pressure for others (i.e., panel fans,
centrifugal unhoused fans, and PRVs).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since the publication of the term sheet, AMCA has revised and
developed test standards consistent with the recommendations of the
Working Group:
In September 2016, AMCA published AMCA 210-16, which
updated ANSI/AMCA 210-2007, ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for
Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating'', to include a wire-to-air
test method, which captures the performance of any motor, transmission,
or motor controller present in the fan, in addition to the performance
of the bare-shaft fan (i.e., a measurement of the FEP in kW), in
addition to the previously existing methods for conducting laboratory
tests to determine fan shaft power in hp, airflow in cubic feet per
minute (``cfm''), pressure in inches of water gauge (``in. wg.''), and
at a given speed of rotation in ``RPM''.
In April 2017, AMCA published ANSI/AMCA Standard 207-2017
``Fan System Efficiency and Fan System Input Power''. This publication
provides calculation algorithms representing the performance of
reference motors, transmissions, and motor controllers. These
calculations can be directly applied to the results of a fan shaft
power test in accordance with AMCA 210-16 to obtain the FEP of a fan at
a given duty point.
In January 2018, AMCA published ``AMCA 208-18''. This
publication defines FEI as the ratio of the electrical input power of a
reference fan to the electrical input power of the actual fan for which
FEI is calculated, both established at the same duty point. It provides
equations to calculate the FEP of a fan of as a function of airflow and
pressure (either static or total depending on the fan category
considered).
Building on these test standards, AMCA developed a new AMCA 214-21
test method which was approved by ANSI on March 1, 2021. AMCA 214-21
combines provisions of AMCA 210-16, AMCA 207-17, and AMCA 208-18, as
well as portions of AMCA 211-13 (R2018), ``Certified Ratings Program
Product Rating Manual for Fan Air Performance'' (``AMCA 211-13''), into
a single standard.\61\ Consistent with the recommendations of the
Working Group, AMCA 214-21 provides methods to establish the FEP either
by: (1) the measurement of the electrical input power to the fan (i.e.,
a ``wire-to-air'' test); or by (2) the measurement of the fan shaft
power and the application
[[Page 44219]]
of calculation algorithms to reflect additional motor, transmission, or
control energy use. In each case, the fan power measurements are
performed in accordance with AMCA 210-16 or ISO 5801:2017, which is
referenced in AMCA 214-21 as an equivalent test procedure to AMCA 210-
16. AMCA 214-21 also references laboratory test methods for additional
categories of fans such as jet fans, circulating fans, and induced flow
fans.\62\ Specifically, AMCA 214-21 references AMCA 230-15 \63\ as the
industry test procedure to follow when conducting performance
measurements on air circulating fans. In addition, AMCA 214-21 adds
specific test instructions to ensure test repeatability and
reproducibility. Specifically, AMCA 214-21 defines a single set of test
set-ups that must be used when conducting a test to ensure
comparability of results (See Table III-9). Further, AMCA 214-21
specifies how to select the speed(s) and duty points at which to
conduct the test, as well as which accessories to include in the test
(See Table III-10).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\61\ AMCA 211-13 provides instructions on how to apply fan laws
and on how to perform a test when establishing an AMCA-certified
rating. Some of these instructions were revised and integrated in
AMCA 214.
\62\ AMCA 230-15, AMCA 250-12, ``Laboratory Methods of Testing
Jet Tunnel Fans for Performance'', and AMCA 260-20, ``Laboratory
Methods of Testing Induced Flow Fans for Rating'' for testing
circulating fans, jet fans, and laboratory exhaust fans with induced
flow.
\63\ AMCA 230-15 provides methods for conducting laboratory
tests to determine the performance characteristics of circulating
fans including the FEP in W, speed in RPM, pressure in inches of
mercury, airflow in cfm, thrust in pound force (lbf), efficacy in
cfm/W, and overall efficiency in lbf/W.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 6.3.1 of AMCA 214-21 provides specific equations to be used
for bare-shaft fans that can only accommodate a direct-drive
transmission (i.e., fans that are directly coupled to the drive). (See
DOE's request for comment at the end of this section requesting
information on the physical features that could be identified to
differentiate bare-shaft fans that can accommodate only a direct-drive
transmission from other bare-shaft fans).
AMCA 214-21 establishes the FEP metric, measured in kW, and the FEI
metric.\64\ FEI is calculated as the ratio of the electrical input
power of a reference fan (in this case, a fan with electrical input
power calculated using the equations provided in Section 5 of AMCA 214-
21) to the electrical input power of the actual fan for which the FEI
is calculated, both established at the same duty point. AMCA 214-21
specifies different measurement methods to obtain the FEP and FEI of a
fan depending on whether the fan includes a motor (polyphase regulated
\65\ or not), transmission, or motor controller. (See Table III-10).
The methods included in AMCA 214-21 are designed to provide flexibility
and reduce test burden. Specifically, AMCA 214-21 includes methods to
reduce the number of speeds at which the manufacturer performs a test:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\64\ As discussed, the FEI of a fan at a given operating point
is a dimensionless index defined as the FEP (kW) of a theoretical
reference fan divided by the FEP (kW) of the fan at the same
operating point.
\65\ AMCA 214-21 uses the term ``polyphase regulated motor'' to
designate a three-phase motor regulated under 10 CFR 431.25.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annex G of AMCA 214-21 allows manufacturers to reduce the
number of speeds selected for testing by applying an interpolation
method that uses the results obtained at two tested speeds to calculate
the FEP of a fan at a speed between the two tested speeds; and
When establishing the FEP using a fan shaft power test and
the calculations described in Sections 6.3, 6.4, and 6.5 of AMCA 214-
21, Annex E of AMCA 214-21 allows a reduction in the number of tests
needed by allowing either: (1) an interpolation of test results between
tested speeds (similar to what was previously described); or (2) use of
fan laws \66\ to calculate the fan shaft power and corresponding
airflow and pressure of a fan at a non-tested speed based on the
results (e.g., fan shaft power at a given duty point) at a different
speed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\66\ When applying the fan laws, the results of a tested fan are
used to calculate the fan shaft power of a non-tested fan at a
higher speed or with a larger diameter than the tested fan. The fan
laws are described in section E.1 of Annex E of AMCA 214-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AMCA 214-21 also provides a number of provisions that may reduce
the amount of required testing. Specifically, AMCA 214-21 provides:
The same fan shaft power test can be used for combinations
of the same bare-shaft fan and different motor, transmission, or motor
controller. (See Section 6.3 of AMCA 214-21).
A separate fan shaft power and motor test (with or without
a motor controller) \67\ may be conducted. Methods for combining the
results for both tests to calculate the FEP at a given duty point are
provided (See Section 6.5 of AMCA 214-21).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\67\ AMCA 214-21 references additional industry test methods for
motors (with or without a motor controller): Canada Standards
Association (``CSA'') C747-09 (R2019), ``Energy efficiency test
methods for small motors''; CSA C838-13 (R2018), ``Energy efficiency
test methods for three-phase variable frequency drive systems;'' and
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (``IEEE'') 112-
2017, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors
and Generators.'' See annex F of AMCA 214-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annex E of AMCA 214-21 uses fan laws to calculate the fan
shaft power of a non-tested fan using results from a fan shaft power
test of a fan with a smaller impeller diameter.
Annex E of AMCA 214-21 also provides interpolation methods
to calculate the fan shaft power based on two fan tests in which a
single geometric feature (i.e., dimension) is varied. Examples include
changes in axial fan blade pitch, or centrifugal fan blade width, as
well as the distance from an impeller to a separating panel on fans for
fan arrays. The interpolation method is applied between two fan tests
at the same tested fan speed. The dimension for the calculated fan must
be between the dimensions for the two tested fans.
Table III-9--AMCA 214-21 Test Configurations for Proposed In-Scope Fans and Blowers Using AMCA 210-16 and AMCA 230-15
[Table 7.1 of AMCA 214-21]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required Optional
Fan configuration Test standard --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test configuration * FEI pressure basis ** Test configuration FEI pressure basis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Centrifugal housed................. AMCA 210-16........... B or D................ Total................ A or C............... Static.
Radial housed...................... AMCA 210-16........... B or D................ Total................ A or C............... Static.
Centrifugal inline................. AMCA 210-16........... B or D................ Total................ A or C............... Static.
Centrifugal unhoused............... AMCA 210-16........... A..................... Static............... N/A.................. N/A.
Centrifugal PRV exhaust............ AMCA 210-16........... A or C................ Static............... N/A.................. N/A.
Centrifugal PRV supply............. AMCA 210-16........... B..................... Total................ A.................... Static.
[[Page 44220]]
Axial inline....................... AMCA 210-16........... D..................... Total................ C.................... Static.
Axial panel........................ AMCA 210-16........... A..................... Static............... N/A.................. N/A.
Axial PRV.......................... AMCA 210-16........... A or C................ Static............... N/A.................. N/A.
Circulating Fans................... AMCA 230-15........... E..................... Total................ N/A.................. N/A.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Each letter corresponds to a test set-up described in Section 7.1 of AMCA 214-21. A: free inlet, free outlet; B: free inlet, ducted outlet; C: ducted
inlet, free outlet; D: ducted inlet, ducted outlet.
** This indicates that reference FEP used in the FEI calculation is established using either static or total pressure as indicated in this table and as
determined by the required test configuration.
Table III-10--AMCA 214-21 Test Options
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test description (section 6 of AMCA Motor controller Transmission FEP determination
214-21) Driver configuration configuration configuration Test speed(s) method
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wire to air test at all speeds..... Motor................. With or without a With or without All speeds **........ Section 6.1 of AMCA
motor controller. transmission. 214-21.
Wire to air test at selected speeds Motor................. With or without a With or without At least two speeds.. Section 6.2 of AMCA
motor controller. transmission. 214-21.
Fan shaft power test for fans None.................. With or without a Without transmission. At least one speed... Section 6.3 of AMCA
without a motor *. motor controller. 214-21.
Fan shaft power test for fans with Electric motors With a variable Direct drive, V-belt At least one speed... Section 6.4 of AMCA
a regulated motor *. subject to standards frequency drive in drive, flexible 214-21.
at 10 CFR 431.25. accordance with coupling, or
section 6.4.1.4 of synchronous belt
AMCA 214-21 or drive.
without a motor
controller.
Fan shaft power test and motor/ Motor................. With or without a Direct drive, V-belt At least one speed... Section 6.5 of AMCA
motor and controls test *. motor controller. drive, flexible 214-21.
coupling, or
synchronous belt
drive.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* With or without the use of interpolation or fan laws as provided in Annex E.
** All speeds for which FEP values are generated.
The Petitioners suggested reliance on the FEP and FEI metrics and
recommended that both metrics be derived using AMCA 214 (Docket No.
EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, The Petitioners, No. 1.3 at pp. 5-7).
In response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition for Rulemaking,
AHRI, CTI, Daikin, and Lennox questioned the appropriateness of the
AMCA 214 test standard, which was still under review with ANSI at the
time the April 2020 Notice of Petition for Rulemaking was published
(Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, AHRI, No. 14 at pp. 1-2; CTI, No. 11
at p. 3; Daikin, No. 8 at p. 1; Lennox, No. 5 at p. 3). AHRI requested
that DOE delay the establishment of a test procedure until after AMCA
214 was final and published, stating that AHRI was working with AMCA to
seek resolution on several technical issues. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-
PET-0003, AHRI, No. 14 at p. 2). As discussed, AMCA 214 was approved by
ANSI on March 1, 2021. DOE reviewed the final version of AMCA 214-21 in
the preparation of the October 2021 RFI.
Daikin commented that the draft AMCA 214 test procedure was
appropriate for fans distributed in commerce as standalone fans, but is
not useful for fans embedded in equipment. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-
PET-0003, Daikin, No. 8 at p. 1).
NEEA and NWPCC commented in support of establishing a test
procedure for commercial and industrial fans and stated that the
industry and efficiency advocates have collaboratively participated in
developing AMCA 214. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, NEEA and NWPCC,
No. 12 at p. 2). ASAP, ACEEE, and NRDC commented in support of
establishing a test procedure for commercial and industrial fans and
commented that AMCA incorporated input from a broad range of
stakeholders in developing AMCA 214 (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003,
ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC, No. 7 at p. 1).
Greenheck commented that a DOE test procedure based on AMCA 214
would: accelerate the use of the FEI over Fan Efficiency Grade
(``FEG'') \68\ in state and municipal energy codes and reduce
manufacturer burden; reduce burden on consumers, designers, code
officials, and manufacturers by preempting costly patchwork state and
local fan test procedure regulations; help U.S. manufacturers compete
internationally by minimizing the potentially disruptive and
inconsistent regulations in Europe (EU ecodesign regulation for
industrial fans No 327/2011); provide manufacturers with a more
immediate return on investment through national demand for fans with a
good FEI rating
[[Page 44221]]
rather than limited and sporadic demand from individual states and
municipalities; and be consistent with the fan FEI requirements in
ASHRAE 90.1-2019. In addition, Greenheck stated that this would align
with the process used by DOE to regulate other equipment in ASHRAE
90.1-2019 Tables 6.8.1-1 through 6.8.1-20 and would be useful to
support future incentive programs based on FEI. Greenheck additionally
commented that NEEA was developing an incentive program based on FEI.
(Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Greenheck, No. 6.1 at pp. 1-2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\68\ FEG is a numerical rating that classifies fans by their
aerodynamic ability to convert mechanical shaft power, or impeller
power in the case of a direct driven fan, to air power. FEG applies
to the efficiency of the fan only and not to the motor and drives.
More efficient fan models have a higher FEG rating. See AMCA
whitepaper available at www.amca.org/assets/resources/public/userfiles/file/Nospreads_FanEfficGrades.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Several interested parties also commented that a DOE test procedure
based on AMCA 214 would provide a basis to assist customers and
designers in making purchasing decisions and save energy by informing
design decisions. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, NEEA and NWPCC,
No. 12 at p. 1; ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC, No. 7 at p. 1; Johnson Controls, No.
10 at p. 1). (See section III.F III.E for further discussion of these
comments).
In response to the October 20221 RFI, AMCA commented in support of
the use of AMCA 214-21 and AMCA 230-15 as the basis for the test
procedure with the caveat that AMCA 230-15 is entering a revision cycle
and that DOE should refer to the latest version of AMCA 230. (AMCA, No.
6 at p. 7) AMCA also stated that an erratum to AMCA 230-15 was
published on the AMCA website \69\ in May 2021 and a copy was provided
to DOE. AMCA also stated that references to ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15
generally mean ``ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15 with errata.'' (AMCA, No. 6
at p. 2) AMCA further commented that AMCA 230-15 will undergo a
regularly scheduled periodic review and update in 2022 to maintain ANSI
approval. AMCA commented that although AMCA is not expecting the
physical test method to change in the next revision, the 2021 erratum
will be integrated with the standard and improvements will be made to
definitions as part of the standards revision process. AMCA recommended
that DOE allow the ANSI/AMCA Standard 230 revision committee to
complete its work so the new edition of the standard can be referenced
in a DOE rulemaking involving ACFH. (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 2) AMCA stated
that the majority of the market is single-speed, and recommended that,
for regulatory purposes, only ``high speed'' should be required for
compliance and check-testing. AMCA asserted that this approach would be
more repeatable and reduce regulatory burden. AMCA stated that it
generally understood that fans having two or more speeds are run at
high speed in commercial and industrial environments, although AMCA did
not have data to support its understanding. (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 8)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\69\ See www.amca.org/LDCF.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEEA recommended that DOE consider AMCA 214-21 to determine the
efficiency of fans and blowers and AMCA 230-15 as the test procedure
for ACFHs. NEEA commented that these procedures incorporate decisions
made during the 2015 ASRAC working group, and thus have consensus from
industry, advocacy and governmental organizations as procedures that
reflect energy efficiency during a representative average use cycle and
are not unduly burdensome to conduct. NEEA commented that they have
supported the development of these test procedures and asserted there
is momentum in the market for these procedures. NEEA further asserted
that these test procedures represent the current best practice for
defining and calculating the efficiencies of fans. NEEA stated that
AMCA 230 will be in revision soon, and recommended that the new version
of the standard be the basis for DOE's regulation once the standard is
published. (NEEA, No. 11 at pp. 1-2)
AHRI commented that ACFHs are standalone fans, with performance
testing established appropriately using AMCA 230-15 and a FEI metric
calculated using AMCA 214-21. (AHRI, No. 10 at p. 2)
The CA IOUs recommended that DOE use the FEI metric from AMCA 214-
21 for ACFHs. (CA IOUs, No. 9 at p. 2)
DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference AMCA 214-21 as the
prescribed test method for evaluating the energy use of fans and
blowers, with modifications discussed in section III.D of this
document. AMCA 214-21 references AMCA 210-16 and AMCA 230-15 (with
errata) as the physical test method, and further provides provisions
for calculating the FEI. This industry-based test procedure, which is
already used by industry and referenced by ASHRAE 90.1, can be applied
to the range of fans and blowers proposed in scope, including air
circulating fans. DOE also proposes to incorporate by reference AMCA
210-16, ISO 5801:2017, and AMCA 230-15 (with errata) (or latest version
available at the time of the any final rule),\70\ which are the
physical test methods referenced in AMCA 214-21 for fans and blowers
and air circulating fans. DOE has tentatively determined that AMCA 214-
21 provides a representative measurement of energy use or energy
efficiency during a representative average use cycle for all fans and
blowers in the proposed scope. The proposal to use AMCA 214-21 is
consistent with the comments received from stakeholder and with the
Working Group recommendations. Although NEEA commented in support of
using AMCA 230-15 (with errata), DOE notes that AMCA 214-21 requires
testing air circulating fans in accordance with AMCA 230-15.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\70\ DOE is aware that AMCA 230-15 is currently undergoing
periodic review and may be revised in the future. Should a new
version become available at the time of any final rule, DOE would
incorporate by reference the latest available version of AMCA 230.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is also aware that the AMCA 230 committee is currently
reviewing AMCA 230-15 (with errata), to determine if any revisions are
necessary. DOE understands that should the AMCA 230 committee make any
changes to AMCA 230-15 (with errata), AMCA would publish a revised
standard, potentially numbered as AMCA 230-22 (or AMCA 230-23, based on
the publication year). DOE is participating in the AMCA 230 committee
meetings to review and revise AMCA 230-15 (with errata). While this
NOPR proposes to reference the requirements from AMCA 230-15 (with
errata), it also discusses the revisions being considered by the AMCA
230 committee. DOE requests comment on these revisions as well as any
additional revisions under consideration by the AMCA 230 committee that
are not discussed in this document. Should the revised version of AMCA
230-15 (with errata), publish prior to the publication of any DOE test
procedure final rule, DOE intends, after considering stakeholder
feedback received in response to the proposals in this document, to
incorporate by reference the latest version of AMCA 230, provided the
updates in the final published standard are consistent with the
provisions DOE is proposing in this NOPR, or the updates are related to
topics that DOE has discussed and solicited comments on in this NOPR.
The subsequent sections of this NOPR discuss each substantive change in
AMCA 230-15 (with errata), that DOE proposes to incorporate into
appendix B, as well as the updates being considered by the AMCA 230
committee.
Estimated costs for the proposed test procedure are discussed in
section III.L of this document. DOE seeks information on whether, in
general, AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-16, and AMCA 230-15 (with errata)
provide measurements which reflect energy efficiency or energy use
during a representative average use cycle of the
[[Page 44222]]
fans and blowers (including air circulating fans) proposed to be in
scope. If these standards would not provide such measurements, DOE
seeks input on how it should be amended and why, and on any other
industry test standard that would be more appropriate.
DOE requests comment and supporting data on whether AMCA 214-21 and
ISO 5801:2017 produce equivalent test results.
DOE seeks information and data to assist in evaluating the
repeatability and reproducibility of AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-16, and AMCA
230-15 (with errata). DOE seeks input on whether any changes to these
standards are needed to increase its repeatability and reproducibility.
DOE seeks information on whether changes to AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-
16, and AMCA 230-15 (with errata) are needed to allow for the
determination of more representative energy efficiency ratings, and any
cost associated with a suggested change.
DOE requests comment on the physical features that could be
identified to differentiate bare-shaft fans that can accommodate only a
direct-drive transmission from other bare-shaft fans.
DOE requests comment on any additional revisions under
consideration by the AMCA 230 committee that are not discussed in this
document.
D. Proposed Adoption of the Test Procedure in AMCA 214-21 and
Modifications to the Test Procedure
As discussed previously, DOE is proposing to adopt through
reference certain provisions of AMCA 214-21 as the prescribed test
method for measuring the energy use and energy efficiency of fans and
blowers.
Specifically, for fans and blowers that are not air circulating
fans, DOE proposes that testing be performed in accordance with the
following sections of AMCA 214-21:
Section 2 ``References'',
Section 3 ``Definitions'',
Section 4 ``Calculation of the FEI for a single duty
point'',
Section 5 ``Reference Fan Electrical Power
(FEPref)'',
Section 6.1 ``Wire-to-Air Testing at the Required Duty
Point'',
Section 6.2 ``Calculated Ratings Based on Wire to Air
Testing'',
Section 6.3 ``Bare Shaft Fans'',
Section 6.4.1.1 ``Requirements for the fan'',
Section 6.4.1.2 ``Requirements for the transmission'',
Section 6.4.1.3 ``Requirements for the motor,
Section 6.4.2 Calculation of FEPact'',
Section 6.4.2.1 ``Calculation of transmission efficiency
([eta]trans,act)'',
Section 6.4.2.2 ``Calculation of actual motor output
power'',
Section 6.4.2.3 ``Motor efficiency if no VFD is
included'',
Section 7 ``Testing'',
Section 8.1 ``Laboratory Measurement Only'',
Section 8.2.1 ``Fan laws and other calculation methods for
shaft-to-air testing'',
Section 8.2.3 '' Calculation to other speeds and densities
for wire-to-air testing ``,
Annex D ``Motor Performance Constants (Normative)'',
Annex E ``Calculation Methods for Fans Tested Shaft-to-
Air'',
Annex G ``Wire-to-Air Measurement--Calculation to Other
Speeds and Densities (Normative)'',
Annex J ``Other data and calculations to be retained'',
and
Annex K ``Proportionality and Dimensional Requirements
(Normative)''.
For air circulating fans, DOE proposes that testing be performed in
accordance with the following sections of AMCA 214-21:
Section 2 ``References'',
Section 3 ``Definitions'',
Section 4 ``Calculation of the FEI for a single duty
point'',
Section 5 ``Reference Fan Electrical Power
(FEPref)'',
Section 6.1 ``Wire-to-Air Testing at the Required Duty
Point'',
Table 7.1 of Section 7 ``Testing'',
Section 7.1. ``Test Configurations''
Section 7.2 ``Setup Selection''
Section 7.4 ``Run-in requirements''; and
Annex J ``Other data and calculations to be retained''
As proposed, the test procedure would provide methods to calculate
the FEI and FEP of a fan at each of its duty points based on: (1) the
fan electrical input measured by a wire-to-air test or, (2) the fan
shaft input power measured by a shaft-to-air test (conducted in
accordance with AMCA 210-16 or AMCA 230-15 (with errata), and the
modifications proposed in this section), and the application of
calculation algorithms to represents the performance of the motor. The
test procedure would also provide methods to calculate the FEP or fan
shaft input power at untested duty points, based on the performance of
test duty points and interpolation methods, including the fan laws. The
following sections discuss key elements of the proposed test procedure
and proposed modification to AMCA 214-21.
1. Motor Efficiency Calculation
For bare shaft fans and fans with an electric motor subject to
energy conservation standards at 10 CFR 431.25 (``polyphase regulated
motor''), Section 6.3 and 6.4 of AMCA 214-21 specify testing these fans
using a shaft-to-air test (i.e., a test that does not include the motor
performance). When conducting a shaft-to-air test, the mechanical fan
shaft input power is measured and the FEP is then calculated by using a
mathematical model to represent the performance of the motor (i.e., its
part-load efficiency). The FEP is then used to calculate the FEI of the
fan.
AMCA 214-21 provides two different methods to estimate the part-
load efficiency of a polyphase regulated motor. A single equation
presented in Section 5.3 and section 6.3.3 of AMCA 214 are used to
calculate the FEP of the reference fan (``FEPref'') and the
actual FEP of bare-shaft fans (``FEPact''), while a more
complex model based on several equations described in Section 6.4.2.3
of AMCA 214 is used to calculate the actual FEP of fans sold with
polyphase regulated motors without a variable frequency drive
(``VFD''). In support of a final rule published January 25, 2016, for
the commercial and industrial pump test procedure, DOE developed a
model to estimate the electric motor part-load performance of polyphase
regulated motors. 81 FR 4086, 4124-4125. As noted in the commercial and
industrial pumps test procedure notice of proposed rulemaking published
on April 1, 2015, DOE has designed the calculation-based approach used
in the pump test procedure to be conservative (i.e., the model
represents a conservative estimate of part-load motor losses and
efficiency) \71\ 80 FR 17585, 17628 (``Pumps April 2015 TP NOPR'') DOE
notes that such approach minimizes the possibility that testing the
pump without the motor and using the model to estimate motor
performance would result in better energy efficiency ratings than
testing the pump inclusive of the motor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\71\ The efficiency (Eff) of a motor at a given load (x) relates
to the motor horsepower (hp) and losses (L) as follows: Eff = (x.
hp)/(x.hp + L)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pumps and fans are powered by the same categories of motors, and
DOE compared the motor part-load efficiency resulting from applying the
two AMCA 214-21 motor equations with the motor part-load efficiency
obtained when using the equation from the DOE pump test procedure. DOE
found that the AMCA models resulted in efficiency values that were, on
average, one percent higher (when using Sections 5.3 and 6.3.3) and two
percent higher (when
[[Page 44223]]
using Section 6.4.2.3) than the values determined using the equation
from the DOE pump test procedure.\72\ When using these equations to
calculate the FEI of a large sample of fans, DOE found that the impact
on FEI was, on average, 1 percent higher than the FEI obtained using
the model from the DOE pump test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\72\ On average, across operating motor loads (25 to 100 percent
load) and across all motor horsepowers between 1 and 250 hp, the
motor part-load efficiency values obtained using the equations in
AMCA 214 were one and two percent higher than the motor part-load
efficiency values obtained using the equations from the DOE pump
test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on this review, DOE tentatively concludes that the impact on
the FEI is not significant enough to justify deviating from the
established industry test procedure. Therefore, DOE proposes to
maintain the equations as provided in Sections 5.3 and 6.4.2.3 of AMCA
214-21 to estimate the part-load motor efficiency when calculating
FEPref, FEPact, and the FEPact of fans
sold with electric motors regulated at 10 CFR 431.25 (and without
VFDs). Should additional information become available indicating that
the FEI ratings resulting from the equations in AMCA 214-21 diverged to
a greater extent from the FEI ratings resulting from testing the fan
wire-to-air, DOE would consider the use of alternate equations, such as
the equations from the DOE pump test procedure.
DOE requests comment on the equations provided in Sections 5.3 and
6.4.2.3 of AMCA 214-21. Specifically, DOE requests comment on whether
applying the method outlined in Section 6.4 of AMCA 214-21 and the
equations provided in Section 6.4.2.3 of AMCA 214-21 could result in a
higher value of FEI than the FEI resulting from a wire-to-air test in
accordance with Section 6.1 of AMCA 214-21.
2. Combined Motor and Controller Efficiency Calculation
For fans with a polyphase regulated motor and a controller, AMCA
214-21 allows testing these fans using a shaft-to-air test (i.e., a
test that does not include the motor and controller performance). When
conducting a shaft-to-air test, the mechanical fan shaft input power is
measured and the FEP is then calculated by using a mathematical model
to represent the performance of the combined motor and controller
(i.e., its part-load efficiency). The FEP is then used to calculate the
FEI of the fan.
Section 6.4.2.4 of AMCA 214-21, which relies on Annex B ``Motor
Constants if Used With VFD (Normative)'' and Annex C ``VFD Performance
Constants (Normative)'', provides a method to estimate the combined
motor and controller part-load efficiency for certain electric motors
and controller combinations that meet the requirements in Sections
6.4.1.3 and 6.4.1.4 of AMCA 214-21, which specify that the motor must
be an electric motor subject to energy conservation standards at 10 CFR
431.25.
Previously, DOE developed a similar model to estimate the combined
motors and controller part-load performance in support of the
commercial and industrial pump rulemaking, in the case where the motor
is polyphase regulated motor. 81 FR 4086, 4128-4130 (January 25, 2016).
As noted in the Pumps April 2015 TP NOPR, the model used in the pump
test procedure represents a conservative estimate of part-load motor
losses (and efficiency).\73\ 80 FR 17585, 17628 This minimizes the
possibility that using the calculation approach to estimate the motor
and controller performance would result in better energy efficiency
ratings than when testing the equipment inclusive of the motor and
controller.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\73\ The efficiency (Eff) of a motor at a given load (x) relates
to the motor horsepower (hp) and losses (L) as follows: Eff = (x.
hp)/(x.hp + L).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pumps and fans are powered by the same categories of motors and
controllers and DOE compared the motor part-load efficiency resulting
from applying the AMCA 214-21 motor and controller equations with the
combined motor and controller part-load efficiency obtained when using
the equation from the DOE pump test procedure and found that the AMCA
model resulted in combined motor and controller part-load efficiency
values that were, on average, four percent higher than when using the
DOE model.\74\ In addition, DOE reviewed motor and VFD efficiency data
from the AHRI certified product database \75\ and found existing motor
and VFD combinations that performed at a lower efficiency than
predicted by the AMCA 214 model. DOE also reviewed the reference motor
and controller (``power drive system'') efficiency provided in IEC
61800-9-2:2017 ``Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems--Part
9-2: Ecodesign for power drive systems, motor starters, power
electronics and their driven applications--Energy efficiency indicators
for power drive systems and motor starters'', which also provides
equations to represent the performance of a motor and controller used
with fans, and found that the IEC model predicted values of efficiency
that were significantly lower (more than 10 percent on average) than
the model included in AMCA 214-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\74\ On average the combined motor and controller part-load
efficiency values obtained using the equation in AMCA 214-21 were 5
percent higher across operating motor loads (25 to 100 percent load)
and across all motor horsepowers between 1 and 250 hp, when compared
to the combined motor and controller part-load efficiency values
obtained using the equations from the DOE pump test procedure.
\75\ AHRI Standard 1210, ``Standard for Performance Rating of
Variable Frequency Drives,'' certified data from 2016, 2020, and
202. See: https://www.ahridirectory.org/NewSearch?programId=71&searchTypeId=3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on this analysis, DOE has concerns that the equations
described in Section 6.4.2.4 of AMCA 214-21 may not be appropriately
representative, resulting in fan FEI ratings that would be higher than
FEI ratings obtained using the wire-to-air test method described in
Section 6.1 of AMCA 214-21. Therefore, DOE does not propose to allow
the use of Section 6.4.2.4 of AMCA 214-21. Instead, DOE proposes that
fans with motor and controller be tested in accordance with Section 6.1
of AMCA 214-21. Manufacturers would still be able to rely on a
mathematical model (including the same model as described in Section
6.4.2.4 of AMCA 214-21, as long as the model meets the AEDM
requirements discussed in section III.J of this document) in lieu of
testing to determine the FEI of a fan with a motor and controller,
subject to the proposed AEDM discussed in section III.J of this
document.
3. Annex A of AMCA 214-21
Annex A provides the reference nominal full-load efficiency values
to use for polyphase motors subject to energy conservation standards at
10 CFR 431.25 when calculating the motor part load efficiency in
accordance with Section 6.4.2.3 of AMCA 214-21. DOE proposes to replace
Annex A of AMCA 214-21 by a reference to Table 5 of 10 CFR 431.25. The
values in Annex A and Table 5 of 10 CFR 431.25 are identical, however,
referencing the Code of Federal Regulations would ensure that the
values of polyphase regulated motor efficiencies remain up to date with
any potential future updates established by DOE.
4. Annex E of AMCA 214-21
As previously discussed, Annex E of AMCA 214-21 allows a reduction
in the number of tests potentially required by allowing the use of fan
laws to calculate the fan shaft power of a non-tested fan using results
from a fan shaft power test of a fan with a smaller impeller diameter.
Since the publication of AMCA 214-21, AMCA 211-22 ``Certified Ratings
Program Product Rating Manual for Fan Air Performance'' was published.
Annex I of AMCA 211-
[[Page 44224]]
22 allows the use of fan laws to additionally interpolate the fan shaft
power of a non-tested fan using results from a fan shaft power test of
two fans with a smaller and larger impeller diameter (i.e.,
interpolation between two tested sizes). DOE is considering adding a
reference to section I.6 of Annex I of AMCA 211-22 and allowing
manufacturer to additionally interpolate the fan shaft power of a non-
tested fan between two tested fans sizes. Alternatively, DOE may
consider referencing Annex I of AMCA 211-22 in place of Annex E of AMCA
214-21.
DOE requests comments on whether it should add a reference to
Section I.6 of AMCA 211-22 or replace Annex E of AMCA 214-21 by Annex I
of AMCA 211-22.
5. Section 6.5 of AMCA 214-21 and Annex F
Section 6.5 and Annex F of AMCA 214-21 provide methods to determine
the FEP of the actual fan by conducting separate tests for the bare
shaft fan and the motor or the combined motor and controller. Annex F
specifies the industry test methods \76\ to use when testing the motor
or the combined motor and controller. As provided in Annex F, the motor
and controller, if included, must be tested at the range of speeds and
loads over which the fan is to be rated. The measurements result in a
map of the input power (kW) versus speed and load and intermediate
values can be determined through interpolation (linear interpolation or
a polynomial curve fit). The methods in Section 6.5 and Annex F of AMCA
214-21 are applicable to any electric motor (including non-DOE
regulated motors that meet the definition of electric motor at 10 CFR
431.12) as long as it can be tested per the industry test procedures
included in Annex F.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\76\ CSA C747-09 (R2014), ``Energy efficiency test methods for
small motors;'' CSA C838-13 (R2018), ``Energy efficiency test
methods for three-phase variable frequency drive systems;'' IEEE
112-2017, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction
Motors and Generators'' and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 222-2018,
``Standard Method of Test for Electrical Power Drive Systems''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The test procedure for combined motor and controller in AMCA 214-21
deviates from the methods proposed in the January 2021 electric motors
test procedure NOPR. 86 FR 71710, 71743 (December 17, 2021) While Annex
F of AMCA 214-21 specifies that testing that combined motor and
controllers can be performed using either ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 222,
``Standard Method of Test for Electrical Power Drive Systems'', CSA
C838, ``Energy efficiency test methods for three-phase variable
frequency drive systems'', or CSA C747, ``Energy efficiency test
methods for small motors'', DOE proposed, in the January 2021 electric
motors test procedure NOPR, that combined motors and controllers be
tested using IEC 61800-9-2:2017, ``Adjustable speed electrical power
drive systems--Part 9-2: Ecodesign for power drive systems, motor
starters, power electronics and their driven applications--Energy
efficiency indicators for power drive systems and motor starters''. 86
FR 71710, 71743 For fans combined with regulated motors, the methods
described in Section 6.5 and Annex F of AMCA 214-21 would be less
burdensome than multiple wire-to-air tests; however, it would likely be
significantly more burdensome than applying the calculation methods
described in Section 6.3 of AMCA 24-21, since it would require physical
tests of all motors with which the bare shaft fan could be paired. In
addition, with the option to allow for an AEDM as discussed in section
III.J. of this document, a manufacturer would be able to integrate the
methods of Section 6.5 and Annex F of AMCA 214-21 into a mathematical
model as long as the proposed AEDM requirements were met.
Therefore, DOE is not proposing to include Section 6.5 and annex F
of AMCA 214-21 in the proposed DOE test procedure. Manufacturers would
still be able to rely on a mathematical model (including potentially
the same model as described in Section 6.5 of AMCA 214-21, as long as
the models meet the AEDM requirements discussed in section III.J of
this document) in lieu of testing to determine the FEI of a fan with a
motor or a motor and controller, provided that the mathematical model
meets all the AEDM requirements proposed in section III.J. of this
document.
6. Annex H and Annex I of AMCA 214-21
Annex H ``Required Reported Values (Normative)'' of AMCA 214-21
provides reporting requirements. DOE is not proposing to adopt Annex H.
DOE may consider proposals to establish reporting requirements for fans
and blowers under a separate rulemaking.
Annex I ``Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings
(Informative)'' provides guidance on what performance information to
publish. DOE is not proposing to adopt Annex I. DOE is proposing
requirements regarding represented values in section III.K of this
document.
7. Section 8.3 of AMCA 214-21
Section 8.3 ``Appurtenances'' provides guidance on how to
characterize fan performance in the case of a fan with additional
appurtenances beyond what is required by the test procedure. DOE is not
proposing to adopt this section as DOE does not propose to establish
fan performance with additional appurtenances beyond what is specified
by the test procedure in Section 7.3 of AMCA 214-21, which DOE proposes
to adopt through reference.
8. Measurement of PRV Performance
As described in Table III-9, AMCA 214-21 requires different test
configurations for PRVs that supply air to a building and PRVs that
exhaust air from a building. Some PRVs can operate both as supply and
exhaust fans. DOE proposes that PRVs that can operate both as supply
and exhaust fans be tested in both configurations.
DOE seeks feedback on its proposal that PRVs that can operate both
as supply and exhaust fans be tested in both configurations as
described in Table III-9 of this document.
9. Exclusively Embedded Fans
As discussed in section III.A.3 of this document, DOE proposes to
exclude fans that are exclusively embedded in equipment as listed in
Table III-8 of this document. Other exclusively embedded fans would be
included in the scope of the test procedure to the extent that they
meet the proposed test procedure scope criteria presented in section
III.A.1 of this document and do not fall under the proposed exclusions
discussed in section III.A.2. of this document.
The Working Group recommended that embedded fans be tested in a
standalone fan configuration (i.e., outside of the piece of equipment
in which they are embedded). (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; No.
179, Recommendation #8 at p. 5) DOE interprets this recommendation to
apply to exclusively embedded fans because standalone fans that are
purchased by an OEM for incorporation into equipment can be tested
prior to being embedded. Because exclusively embedded fans included in
larger equipment may share structural or functional parts with that
equipment, the fan would not be removable without causing irreversible
damage to the equipment. To address such embedded fans, the Working
Group recommended testing exclusively embedded fans using additional
fan components, except for the fan impeller, that are geometrically
identical to that of the embedded fan
[[Page 44225]]
inside the larger piece of equipment. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-
0006; No. 179, Recommendation #8 at p. 5) In addition, the Working
Group recommended that embedded fans be certified over their standalone
operating range. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; No. 179,
Recommendation #4 at p. 4)
DOE collected fan performance information from OEM and fan
manufacturer websites, indicating that OEMs currently test and collect
information on embedded fan performance and that OEMs understand a
fan's typical operating range in terms of flow and pressure.\77\ As
previously discussed, the AMCA 214-21 foreword states that, ``AMCA
Standard 214 primarily is for fans that are tested alone or with motors
and drives; it does not apply to fans tested embedded inside of other
equipment.'' To test exclusively embedded fans, DOE therefore proposes,
consistent with the Working Group recommendation, that these fans be
tested as standalone fans, outside of the equipment in which they are
incorporated. In addition, DOE proposes that if any fan components are
not removable without causing irreversible damage to the equipment into
which the fan is embedded, the manufacturer must use additional fan
components, except for the fan impeller, that are geometrically
identical to that of the fan embedded inside the larger piece of
equipment for testing. This would result in a range of FEI ratings at
every operating point at which the fan is capable of operating,
including at the flow and pressure point experienced by the fan when
embedded inside the equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\77\ See for example: www.trane.com/Commercial/Uploads/Pdf/1020/clchprc003_en_mseriescatalog_1205.pdf; content.greenheck.com/public/DAMProd/Original/10001/AllProducts_catalog.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to test exclusively embedded fans
in a standalone configuration outside of the equipment that
incorporates the fan.
10. Wire-to-Air Testing for Air Circulating Fans
Air circulating fans incorporate and are sold with a motor.
Accordingly, AMCA 230-15, which is the physical test method referenced
in AMCA 214-21 for air circulating fans, only provides a wire-to-air
test method. DOE proposes a test procedure for testing air circulating
fans based on the methods in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of AMCA 214-21.
In response to the February 2022 ECS RFI, the CA IOUs commented
that ACFs sold without a motor should be included in the DOE test
procedure. (Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002, CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 6)
In addition, the CA IOUs stated that ACFs with multiple motor options
should be tested using a motor capable of running the fan at the fan's
maximum allowable speed. They added that doing so will prevent
manufacturers from avoiding energy conservation standards by selling
incomplete fans. The CA IOUs also suggested that optional motor fans be
tested with the least efficient motor and allow for an optional
representation of higher-efficiency motors. Id.
DOE did not find any circulating fans that were distributed in
commerce without an electric motor. However, if an air circulating fan
is sold without a motor, it would still meet the definition of an air
circulating fan and would be included in the scope of the test
procedure. DOE proposes that air circulating fans distributed in
commerce without an electric motor be tested using an electric motor as
recommended in the manufacturer's catalogs or distributed in commerce
with the air circulating fan. If more than one motor is available in
manufacturer's catalogs or distributed in commerce with the air
circulating fan, DOE proposes requiring that it be tested using the
least efficient motor capable of running the fan at the fan's maximum
allowable speed.
DOE requests comment on its proposed approach for testing air
circulating fans that are distributed in commerce without an electric
motor.
11. Total Pressure Calculation for Air Circulating Fans
AMCA 214-21 specifies that air circulating fans must rely on a FEI
based on total pressure (sum of the static pressure and velocity
pressure) (See Table III-9 of this document). However, AMCA 230-15 does
not specify the measurement or calculation of fan total pressure, which
is a required input to the FEI calculation.
DOE proposes to add provisions to specify how to calculate fan
total pressure and to apply the equations in Section A.2 of AMCA 208-18
when calculating the fan total pressure at a given airflow for fans
tested per AMCA 230-15.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to add provisions for
calculating the total pressure of air circulating fans based on the
equations in Section A.2 of AMCA 208-18.
12. Appurtenances
Section 7.3 of AMCA 214-21 provides instructions on which
appurtenances to include as part of the tested fan. It distinguishes
between appurtenances that improve or reduce performance. For
appurtenances that improve fan performance (including but not limited
to inlet bells, diffusers, stators, or guide vanes), AMCA 214-21
specifies that these appurtenances should be included if always
supplied with the fan when distributed in commerce. For appurtenances
that reduce fan performance, which include, but are not limited to,
safety guards, dampers, filters, or weather hoods, AMCA 214-21 states
that if the appurtenance is always supplied with the fan when
distributed in commerce, then it shall be tested with the fan. If the
appurtenance is not always supplied with the fan when distributed in
commerce, it shall not be tested with the fan.
For circulating fans, the AMCA 230 committee is considering adding
the following provisions as part of the revised version of AMCA 230:
any appurtenances sold with the fan shall be included in the minimum
testable configuration.
DOE reviewed the provisions related to accessories in AMCA 214-21
and as considered by the AMCA 230 committee and has tentatively
determined that testing using the provisions discussed by the AMCA 230
committee would provide results that are more representative of field
conditions because consumers are likely to use the fan with the
appurtenances they purchase. Therefore, DOE proposes to specify for
fans and blowers, including air circulating fans, that any
appurtenances sold with the fan must be included during the test.
In addition, for air circulating fans, the AMCA 230 committee is
considering additional provisions to include in the next version of
AMCA 230 to describe what should be considered as part of the test
(i.e., the ``minimum testable configuration''). The committee is
considering the following: (1) If sold with the fan, an on/off switch
or speed control device would be included in the minimum testable
configuration. The power consumption of the on/off switch or speed
control device would be included in the active and standby mode power
measurements. (2) If multiple control devices are sold with the fan,
only the standard fan control device would be used for testing. (3)
Optional product features not related to generating air movement would
not be energized for the purpose of testing. Optional product features
not related to generating air movement include, but are not limited to:
misting kits, external sensors not required to operate the fan, and
communication devices not required to operate the fan.
For air circulating fans, DOE has tentatively determined that it is
unlikely
[[Page 44226]]
that additional features not related to air movement would remain in
the on-position unless intended by the consumer. As such, requiring
testing in their ``as-shipped'' configuration would not provide a more
representative measure of energy use for air circulating fans. DOE
proposes to add clarification that additional features not related to
air movement be installed, but either powered off or set at the lowest
energy-consuming mode during testing. Further, to avoid confusion as to
which controller is used for testing in the case where multiple
advanced controllers are offered, DOE proposes to add additional
clarification to its specifications for appurtenances. Specifically,
DOE proposes to clarify that if the air circulating fan is offered with
a default controller, testing would be conducted using the default
controller. If the air circulating fan is offered with multiple
controllers, testing would be conducted using the minimally functional
controller (i.e. ``standard controller''). Testing using the minimally
functional controller is consistent with the direction to test with
additional features not energized during the power consumption
measurement. Controller functions other than the minimal functions
(i.e., the functions necessary to operate the air circulating fan
blades) are akin to additional features that do not relate to the air
circulating fan's ability to create airflow. This proposed addition
clarifies which controller to select. These proposals are in line with
the additional provisions considered by the AMCA 230 committee.
DOE is aware that the revisions considered by the AMCA 230
committee are subject to change and could further be revised in the
next version of AMCA 230. Should the revised version of AMCA 230
publish prior to the publication of any DOE test procedure final rule,
DOE intends, after considering stakeholder feedback received in
response to the proposals in this document, to revise the provisions
related to appurtenances in line with the latest AMCA 230 standard,
provided the updates in this standard are consistent with the
provisions DOE is proposing in this NOPR, or the updates are related to
topics that DOE has discussed and for which DOE has solicited comments
to in this NOPR.
DOE requests comment on the proposed provisions related to the
consideration of appurtenances when testing fans and blowers, including
air circulating fans.
DOE requests comment on whether it should consider specifying
additional provisions to describe which components should be included
in the test.
13. Voltage, Phase and Frequency
Fans and blowers can be rated to operate at 50 or 60 Hz, be
supplied by single-phase or multi-phase electricity, and can operate at
a single rated voltage (e.g. 115 V) or within one or more rated voltage
ranges, or a combination of both (e.g. 115/208-230V).
Section 7.8 of AMCA 214-21 specifies that for fan electrical power
measurement (when conducting a wire-to-air test), the fan must be
operated using 60 Hz supply unless that frequency conflicts with
nameplate values. The voltage during the test shall match the highest
allowable value that corresponds with the relevant nameplate.
In the Unites States, 60 Hz frequency is the most representative,
and DOE has tentatively determined that fans rated for operation with
only 60Hz power supply would be tested with 60 Hz electricity and that
fans capable of operating with 50Hz and 60Hz electricity would also be
tested with 60Hz electricity. DOE has tentatively determined that it
does not need to consider air circulating fans rated for operation with
only 50 Hz power, since these fans are not relevant in the U.S. market.
Regarding the phase and voltage to select for testing, at this
time, DOE is proposing to clarify which phase and voltage to use during
the test as follows.
DOE proposes to specify to test fans and blowers, including
circulating fans, rated for operation with only a single- or multi-
phase power supply with single- or multi-phase electricity,
respectively. Fans and blowers, including circulating fans, capable of
operating with single- and multi-phase electricity, DOE proposes that
fans capable of operating with single- and multi-phase electricity must
be tested using multi-phase power supply, which is the most common
power supply for industrial and commercial equipment. DOE would allow
manufacturers of fans and blowers, including circulating fans, capable
of operating with single- and multi-phase electricity to test such fans
with single-phase power and make representations of efficiency
associated with both single and multi-phase electricity if a
manufacturer desires to do so.
For fans and blowers other than air circulating fans, DOE does not
have any information to evaluate which configuration would be the most
representative of an average energy use cycle and DOE proposes to
retain the provisions in Section 7.8 of AMCA 214-21 to specify testing
at the highest rated voltage and align with existing industry
standards. Alternatively, DOE may consider other options such as
specifying a voltage for test similar to that proposed below for air
circulating fans.
For air circulating fans, DOE does not have any information to
evaluate which configuration would be the most representative of an
average energy use cycle. Instead, DOE reviewed the provisions related
to the supply voltage in the ceiling fan test procedure, which are also
tested based on AMCA 230-15 (with errata). Sections 3.43 and 3.4.4 of
10 CFR part 430 appendix U. DOE proposes the same provisions for air
circulating fans that it uses for ceiling fan, with additional language
to distinguish how to select the supply voltage for fans tested using
single-phase and multi-phase electricity.
Specifically, DOE proposes that the supply voltage must be: (1) for
air circulating fans tested with single-phase electricity, the supply
voltage would be (a) 120 V if the air circulating fan's minimum rated
voltage is 120 V or the lowest rated voltage range contains 120 V, (b)
240 V if the air circulating fan's minimum rated voltage is 240 V or
the lowest rated voltage range contains 240 V, or (c) the air
circulating fan's minimum rated voltage (if a voltage range is not
given) or the mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all other
cases; (2) for air circulating fans tested with multi-phase
electricity, the supply voltage would be (a) 240 V if the air
circulating fan's minimum rated voltage is 240 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 240 V, or (b) the air circulating fan's minimum
rated voltage (if a voltage range is not given) or the mean of the
lowest rated voltage range, in all other cases.
DOE is aware that the revisions considered by the AMCA 230
committee are subject to change and could further be revised in the
next version of AMCA 230. Should the revised version of AMCA 230
publish prior to the publication of any DOE test procedure final rule,
DOE intends, after considering stakeholder feedback received in
response to the proposals in this document, to revise the provisions
related to frequency, phase, and voltage in line with the latest AMCA
230 standard, provided the updates in this standard are consistent with
the provisions DOE is proposing in this NOPR, or the updates are
related to topics that DOE has discussed and solicited comments to in
this NOPR.
DOE requests comment on the proposed provisions related to
[[Page 44227]]
specifying which frequency, phase, and voltage to use during a test.
DOE additionally requests comment on whether the supply voltage
requirements proposed for testing air circulating fans and fans and
blowers other than air circulating fans would appropriately represent
an average use cycle.
14. Test Speeds for Air Circulating Fans
Section 8.2.4 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata) specifies that for air
circulating fans with variable speed, performance data is captured and
reported at five speeds (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent of maximum
speed) evenly spaced throughout the speed range. If there are less than
five speeds available, the performance of all speeds is measured. AMCA
230-15 does not explicitly indicate how to test fans with multiple
discrete speed settings.
AMCA recommended that DOE require testing only at ``high speed''
for compliance and check-testing asserting that the majority of the
market is single-speed. AMCA commented that this would be more
repeatable -and reduce regulatory burden. While AMCA provided no
supporting data, AMCA commented that fans having two or more speeds
generally are run at high speed in commercial and industrial
environments. (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 8)
The AMCA 230 committee is considering revising the test speed
requirements in AMCA 230-15 (with errata) to indicate that all air
circulating fans must be tested at their highest (i.e., maximum) speed
and that additional speeds may be captured and reported to more fully
define the shape of the fan flow vs. speed curve (for example--
additional measurements at 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent of maximum
speed).
For single speed air circulating fans, DOE proposes to require that
testing be conducted at the single available speed. For multi-speed
fans with discrete operating speeds, and for variable-speed fans with
continuously adjustable speeds, while DOE believes it is preferable to
align the DOE test procedure with the accepted industry test
procedures--in this case AMCA 230--as much as possible, DOE does not
have data to determine the typical field operating speed(s) of air
circulating fan \78\ (AMCA did not provide any data to support their
claims that air circulating fans are mainly used at high speed) and DOE
has tentatively determined that testing at each discrete speed (for
multi-speed fans) or at each of the five speeds currently specified in
AMCA 230-15 (with errata), rather than only requiring testing at the
maximum speed may provide a more holistic representation of an air
circulating fan's performance over a range of service levels, which may
in turn facilitate easier comparisons for consumers. It would also
capture any changes in the efficiency of the motor and associated
variable speed control device at part-load conditions. In addition, DOE
proposes to clarify that variable-speed air circulating fans with a
minimum speed that is greater than 20 percent of the maximum speed, the
performance data would be captured and reported in five speeds evenly
spaced throughout the speed range, including at minimum and maximum
speeds.\79\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\78\ In agricultural applications, DOE has found some data
indicating ventilation requirements vary by a factor of 12 depending
on the season (cold weather vs. hot weather). However it's unclear
if the different ventilation requirements would typically be met by
cycling fans on/off at maximum speed or by varying speeds, or
through other speed settings. https://extension.umn.edu/swine-facilities/change-season-ventilation.
\79\ If the fan's maximum speed is 1000 RPM and the fan's
minimum speed is 400 RPM, then the following speeds should be
reported: 400, 550, 700, 850, and 1000 where each speed is equally
spaced of 150 RPM or (1000-400)/4
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DOE is considering several alternative options for specifying the
test speeds at which fans with multiple or variable speeds should be
tested including testing a high speed only, or testing in accordance
with the speed requirements for large diameter ceiling fans in section
3.5 of 10 CFR part 430, appendix U, which specifies that testing must
be conducted at maximum speed and at 40 percent speed or the nearest
speed that is not less than 40 percent speed. DOE notes that regardless
of the proposed tested speeds, performance data at additional speeds
may be captured and reported to better define the shape of the fan
performance curve (for example, additional measurements at 20, 60, and
80 percent of maximum speed).
DOE is aware that the AMCA 230 committee is considering revisions
to how test speeds are specified for air circulating fans and that the
options considered by the AMCA 230 committee are subject to change and
could further be revised in the next version of AMCA 230. Should the
revised version of AMCA 230 publish prior to the publication of any DOE
test procedure final rule, DOE intends, after considering stakeholder
feedback received in response to the proposals in this document, to
revise the provisions related to speed selection in line with the
latest AMCA 230 standard, provided the updates in this standard are
consistent with the provisions DOE is proposing in this NOPR, or the
updates are related to topics that DOE has discussed and solicited
comments on in this NOPR.
Finally, DOE notes that AMCA 214-21 has provisions to calculate
performance data at non-tested speeds based on wire-to-air test results
at different speeds. See Section 6.2 ``Calculated Ratings Based on Wire
to Air Testing'' of AMCA 214-21, which references Section 8.2.3
``Calculation to other speeds and densities for wire-to-air testing'',
and Annex G ``Wire-to-Air Measurement--Calculation to Other Speeds and
Densities (Normative)''. For air circulating fans, DOE has tentatively
determined that these sections do not apply because air circulating
fans have a more limited range of operating speeds and DOE is proposing
to test at each speed where performance data is required. AMCA 214-21
also includes an annex that only applies to shaft-to-air tests and
allows interpolating performance between tested speeds (Annex E of AMCA
214-21). For air circulating fans, DOE has tentatively determined that
these sections do not apply because air circulating fans are tested
wire-to-air.
DOE seeks feedback on the options presented for specifying the
testing speed(s) for air circulating fans and its proposal to test
single speed fans at the single available speed, multi-speed fans at
each available speed, and variable speed fans at 20, 40, 60, and 80
percent of maximum speed. DOE further requests feedback on its proposal
to clarify that if the fan minimum speed is greater than 20 percent of
the maximum speed, the performance data would be captured and reported
in five speeds evenly spaced throughout the speed range, including at
minimum and maximum speeds.
DOE requests data to characterize typical air circulating fan
operating speed(s) and time spent at each operating speed.
DOE requests feedback on whether Section 6.2 and Annex E of AMCA
214-21 should be applied to air circulating fans.
15. Determination of Equilibrium
Section 6.1.2 of AMCA 210-16 states that ``statistically stable
conditions shall be established before each [test] determination. To
test for a stable condition, trial observations shall be made until
steady readings are obtained. The range of airflow over which stable
condition[s] cannot be established shall be recorded and reported.''
Similarly, Section 8.1.1 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata) specifies that
equilibrium conditions must be established before each measurement,
with equilibrium achieved once steady readings are
[[Page 44228]]
obtained. DOE notes that while both AMCA 210-16 and AMCA 230-15 require
that steady readings must be obtained prior to the start of test,
neither test standard provides specific variables with associated
tolerances within which equilibrium can be quantified. In order to
ensure repeatable and reproducible results from a test method, it is
necessary to specify consistent requirements for determining when a fan
is and is not at equilibrium before the commencement of testing. It is
also necessary to specify a time period over which equilibrium must be
established.
(a) Air Circulating Fans
For circulating fans, the AMCA 230 committee is considering
selecting three or four values from the options listed in Table III-12
for determining equilibrium prior to testing, namely: fan speed, system
input power, barometric pressure, and load differential. To verify that
equilibrium has been achieved, readings would need to meet the
tolerances specified in Table III-12, after running the fan for at
least 5 minutes, with measurements taken at least every 5 seconds.
Table III-12--Equilibrium Options Considered by the AMCA 230 Committee
Working Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable Equilibrium tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ambient barometric pressure............... 3 percent of
mean.
Extraneous airflow before test............ <=50 fpm.
System input voltage *.................... 2 percent of
mean.
System input power **..................... 2 percent of
mean or 1 Watt.
Fan speed................................. 1 percent of
mean or 1 rpm.
Load...................................... 1 percent of
mean.
Load differential......................... 1 percent of
mean.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* AMCA 230-15 (with errata) uses the terms system input voltage,
electrical input voltage, and voltage interchangeably.
** AMCA 230-15 (with errata) uses the terms systems input power,
electrical input power, and power interchangeably to designate the
real power (see Section 6.3 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata).
DOE has tentatively determined that ambient air density, extraneous
airflow (i.e., test room ventilation), system input voltage, system
input current, system input power, fan speed, load, and load
differential will impact test results. Therefore, DOE is proposing that
measurements of these values would need to fall within the tolerance
window listed in Table III-13 prior to initiating the test for fans and
blowers, including air circulating fans. As the examples above
illustrate, equilibrium must be determined from multiple data points
taken over a specified period of time. DOE is proposing that
measurements for the variables listed in Table III-13 would be taken at
least every 5 seconds over a minimum of 5 minutes. This timeframe
provides a minimum of 60 data points from which equilibrium can be
verified.
Table III-13--Proposed Test Variables and Tolerances for Determining
Equilibrium of Air Circulating Fans Prior to Each Fan Test
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable Equilibrium tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculated air density.................... 1 percent of
mean.
System input voltage...................... 2 percent of
mean.
System input current...................... 2 percent of
mean.
System input power........................ 2 percent of
mean or 1 W, whichever is
greater.
Fan speed................................. 1 percent of
mean or 1 rpm, whichever is
greater.
Load...................................... 1 percent of
mean.
Load differential......................... 1 percent of
mean.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fan pressure and horsepower, and therefore fan efficiency, will
vary with air density at the fan inlet. Therefore, DOE is proposing
that air density, as determined from dry bulb temperature, dew point,
and barometric pressure measured over at least 5 minutes, would remain
within one percent of the mean air density in order to establish
equilibrium prior to fan testing.
DOE's proposed system input voltage, system input current, system
input power, load, and load differential tolerances for evaluating
equilibrium are two times the equipment accuracy tolerances specified
in AMCA 230-15. Doubling equipment accuracy is a typical approach for
determining reasonable measurement tolerances. DOE notes that its
proposed tolerances for input voltage, input current, load, and load
differential are identical to those discussed by the AMCA 230 committee
working group, as are the measurement interval and measurement time
frame. However, DOE is proposing that system input power would also
include a lower limit on wattage (i.e., 2 percent of mean
wattage or 1 W). Additionally, DOE is proposing that fan speed would be
within 1 percent of the mean rpm or 1 rpm, whichever is
highest over at least a 5-minute time period in order to establish
equilibrium prior to testing. DOE recognizes that measurements at low
airflow tend to be variable and this approach provides additional
tolerance for fans tested at lower speeds.
DOE recognizes that demonstrating equilibrium for each of the
variables listed in Table III-13 of this document may not be realistic
for all fans. DOE may consider prioritizing the variables listed in
Table III-13 of this document, such that equilibrium must always be
demonstrated for a specific number of the highest priority variables.
For instance, DOE may require that equilibrium must be demonstrated for
more variables at high speed than at low speed. Alternately, DOE may
consider specifying a subset of the variables proposed in Table III-13
of this document, similar to what has been discussed by the AMCA 230
committee.
Section 8.1.2 of AMCA 230-15 specifies that the extraneous airflow
before, during, and after test should not exceed 50 fpm and that
measurements should be taken immediately before and after the test to
verify that this condition is met. DOE agrees that extraneous airflow
in the test chamber may impact test results and should be recorded
prior to and after the test; however, DOE notes that it is unrealistic
to conduct extraneous airflow measurement during testing. Therefore, in
addition to the maximum extraneous airflow requirement of 50 feet per
minute specified in Section 8.1.2 of AMCA 230-15, DOE is proposing to
measure and record extraneous airflow for at least one minute prior to
establishing equilibrium and for at least one minute at the conclusion
of the test, with measurements recorded at a maximum of 5 second
intervals. A test would be considered to be concluded at the instant
the blades are no longer spinning.
DOE is aware that the revisions considered by the AMCA 230
committee are subject to change and could further be revised in the
next version of AMCA 230. Should the revised version of AMCA 230
publish prior to the publication of any DOE test procedure final rule,
DOE intends, after considering stakeholder feedback received in
response to the proposals in this document, to revise the provisions
related to appurtenances in line with the latest AMCA 230 standard,
provided the updates in this standard are consistent with the
provisions DOE is proposing in this NOPR, or the updates are related to
topics that DOE has discussed and for which DOE has solicited comments
to in this NOPR.
DOE requests comment on its proposal for determining if an air
circulating fan has reached equilibrium prior to initiating testing.
Specifically, DOE is soliciting comment on the test variables and
related tolerances that it is proposing to incorporate in its
equilibrium determination. Additionally, DOE seeks comment on the
minimum duration and maximum interval over which equilibrium would need
to be verified. DOE also seeks comment on which variables proposed
[[Page 44229]]
in Table III-13 that, if not stable prior to test, would have the
greatest impact on measured fan performance. Finally, DOE requests
comment on its proposal to specify the time and frequency over which
extraneous airflow measurements would be recorded.
(b) Fans and Blowers Other Than Air Circulating Fans
Similar to the evaluation described previously for air circulating
fans, DOE reviewed the test chamber and test equipment accuracy
requirements listed in Section 6 of AMCA 210-16. DOE has tentatively
determined that ambient air density, input power (as measured by a
reaction dynamometer, torque meter, calibrated motor, or electrical
meter) will impact test results. Additionally, ascertaining that fan
speed is at steady state prior to testing is critical for ensuring
repeatable and reproducible fan performance results. Therefore, DOE is
proposing that measurements of these values would need to fall within
the tolerance window listed in Table III-14 prior to initiating the
test. Equilibrium on input power would be required on a single input
power device. Equivalent to the proposal for air circulating fans, DOE
is proposing that fan system equilibrium would need to be verified over
at least 5 minutes, with measurements recorded on each variable at a
maximum of 5 seconds.
Table III-14: Proposed Test Variables and Tolerances for Determining
Equilibrium of Fans and Blower Other Than Air Circulating Fans Prior to
Each Fan Test
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable Equilibrium tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ambient air density....................... 1 percent of
mean.
Input power by reaction dynamometer....... 4 percent of
mean.
Input power by torque meter............... 4 percent of
mean.
Input power by calibrated motor........... 4 percent of
mean.
Input power by electrical meter........... 2 percent of
mean or 1 W, whichever is
greater.
Fan speed................................. 1 percent of
mean or 1 rpm, whichever is
greater.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For fans other than circulating fans, DOE notes that Section 7.3 of
the 2007 edition of ISO 5801 specified that before taking measurements,
the fan must be run until it reaches steady operation, which was
described as speed fluctuation being no more than 0.5
percent of the average speed. While this provision is more stringent
than DOE's proposal of 1 percent of the average speed
measured over at least 5 minutes, DOE is proposing tolerances on
variables in addition to fan speed (as listed in Table III-14) to
verify that equilibrium has been achieved.
DOE recognizes that demonstrating equilibrium for each of the
variables listed in Table III-14 may not be realistic for all fans. DOE
may consider prioritizing the variables listed in Table III-14, such
that equilibrium must always be demonstrated for a specific number of
the highest priority variables. For instance, DOE may require that
equilibrium must be demonstrated for more variables at high speed than
at low speed. Alternately, DOE may consider specifying a subset of the
variables proposed in Table III-14, similar to what has been discussed
in the AMCA 230 committee working group.
DOE requests comment on its proposal for determining if a fan that
is not an air circulating fan has reached equilibrium prior to
initiating testing. Specifically, DOE is soliciting comment on the test
variables and related tolerances that it is proposing to incorporate in
its equilibrium determination. Additionally, DOE seeks comment on the
minimum duration and maximum interval over which equilibrium would need
to be verified. Finally, DOE seeks comment on which variables proposed
in Table III-14 that, if not stable prior to test, would have the
greatest impact on measured fan performance.
16. Test Figures
AMCA 230-15 (with errata) describes the test set-up that can be
used to test various categories of air circulating fans and specifies
that air circulating fan heads and table fans, which correspond to
unhoused ACFHs, must be tested according to test figures 2A, 2B1, and
2B2. AMCA 230-15 (with errata) also specifies that box fans and
personnel coolers, which are both housed ACFHs, must be tested using
test figures 3A and 3B. The AMCA 230 Committee reviewed the existing
text figures and is considering revising the allowable test figures to
reflect that housed air circulating fans could also be tested using
test figures 2A, 2B1, and 2B2, and unhoused air circulating fans would
be tested using figures 3A and 3B.
DOE has tentatively determined that test figures 2A, 2B1, 2B2, 3A
and 3B are appropriate for all air circulating fans. As such, DOE is
proposing to specify that any test figures that are specified in AMCA
230-15 (with errata) can be used for testing air circulating fans.
Table III-14 of this document summarizes DOE's proposals for which test
set-up would be used for each air circulating fan type.
Table III-14--Test Figures in AMCA 230-15
[With errata]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable air DOE's proposed
circulating fan applicable air
Test figure and description category in AMCA 230- circulating fan
15 category
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test Figure 2A: Horizontal Air circulating fan Any air
Airflow Setup with heads and table fans. circulating
Counterweights Pivot Above fan.
Test Subject.
Test Figure 2B1: Horizontal Air circulating fan Any air
Airflow Setup with Load Cell. heads and table fans. circulating
fan.
Test Figure 2B2: Horizontal Air circulating fan Any air
Airflow Setup with Load Cell heads and table fans. circulating
Pivot Below Test Subject. fan.
Test Figure 3A: Horizontal Box Fan and Personnel Any air
Airflow Setup with Load Cell. Cooler. circulating
fan.
Test Figure 3B: Horizontal Box Fan and Personnel Any air
Airflow Setup with Load Cell. Cooler. circulating
fan.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is aware that the revisions being considered by the AMCA 230
committee are subject to change and could further be revised in the
next version of AMCA 230. Should the revised version of AMCA 230
publish prior to the publication of any DOE test procedure final rule,
DOE intends, after considering stakeholder feedback received in
response to the proposals in this document, to revise the definitions
in line with the latest AMCA 230
[[Page 44230]]
standard, provided the updates in this standard are consistent with the
definitions DOE is proposing in this NOPR or the updates are related to
topics that DOE has discussed and for which DOE has solicited comments
in this NOPR.
DOE requests comment on the applicability of each test figure in
AMCA 230-15 to air circulating fans.
17. Reference Fan Electrical Input Power Calculation
Section 5 of AMCA 214-21 provide the equations necessary to
calculate the reference FEP at a given duty point. The reference FEP
calculation relies on three equations:
A reference fan shaft input power equation, used to
calculate the reference fan shaft input power at a given duty point.
This equation relies on a flow constant (Q0, equal to 250)
and a pressure constant (P0, equal to 0.4), which represent
how efficiency varies as a function of flow and pressure and an
efficiency target, which was set to represent a market reference
efficiency fan (equal to 0.66 total efficiency target or 0.6 static
efficiency target, depending on the FEI pressure basis). See Section
5.1 of AMCA 214-21;
A reference fan transmission efficiency equation, which
calculates the reference fan transmission as a function of the
reference shaft input power and represents a typical belt drive. See
Section 5.2 of AMCA 214-21; and
A reference motor equation as described in section III.D.1
of this document.
In response to the February 2022 ECS RFI, the CA IOUs encouraged
DOE to use different flow and pressure constants for the FEI for ACFs
than those that are used in either AMCA 214 or the Ceiling Fan Energy
Index (``CFEI''). They stated the ACFs do not operate in ``high-
pressure, low airflow'' conditions (for which the coefficients
developed for the FEI metric in AMCA 214-21 are most applicable) nor do
they operate in ``low-pressure, high airflow'' conditions (for which
the CFEI metric is most applicable). CA IOUs provided data showing that
the FEI from AMCA 214-21 favors larger diameter ACFs, while the CFEI
favors smaller diameter, lower airflow ACFs. They further encouraged
DOE to collaborate with industry stakeholders to develop new FEI
coefficients specifically for ACFs. (Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002,
CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 2-5)
DOE collected air circulating fan performance data from the BESS
certification database \80\ and performed the following analysis to
determine the appropriate flow and pressure constants for air
circulating fans: (1) DOE used the published fan impeller diameter (in)
and flow (cfm) and the total pressure formula discussed in section
III.D.10 of this document to calculate the total pressure \81\ of each
fan in the database; (2) DOE used the published efficacy (cfm/W) and
airflow (cfm) data to calculate the FEP of each fan in the database
(FEPact); (3) DOE used the formulas in Section 5 of AMCA
214-21 to calculate the reference FEP (FEPref) of each fan
in the database at its corresponding total pressure and flow point; and
(4) DOE conducted a regression analysis using the method of least
squares to identify the values of the flow constant, Q0,
pressure constant, P0, and efficiency target, which minimize
the sum of squared difference between FEPact and
FEPref.. DOE obtained the following results: Q0 =
3,210 (rounded to the nearest 10); P0 = 0; and an efficiency
target of 0.43. Based on this analysis, DOE has tentatively determined
that these constant values for flow and pressure constants are
appropriate for air circulating fans and proposes to use the values of
Q0 = 3,210 and P0 = 0 when calculating the FEI of
air circulating fans as part of the test procedure. Should additional
data become available to justify different constants, DOE may consider
different values of Q0 and P0 for air circulating
fans.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\80\ Data collected on March 22, 2022, included 507 models of
air circulating fans with the following information: Manufacturer,
Power Supply, Model Number, Style (i.e. basket, box, panel, or
tube), Size (in) (i.e., impeller diameter), Guard configuration,
Airflow (cfm), Efficacy (cfm/w), Thrust (lbf), Input power (kW),
Thrust Efficiency ratio (lbf/kW), 5D Centerline Velocity (fpm). See
bess.illinois.edu.
\81\ DOE notes that for housed air centrifugal fans, DOE relied
on the impeller diameter as a proxy for the diameter of the orifice
of the housing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure III-1 through Figure III-3 show air circulating fan
performance data from the BESS database as well as the corresponding
reference fan performance data calculated using Q0 = 3,210,
P0=0, and an efficiency target of 0.43. Figure III-3 and
Figure III-4 also shows the cfm/w index calculated as the cfm/w value
of the fan divided by the average cfm/w value of all fans of the same
diameter present in the database.
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[[Page 44231]]
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[[Page 44232]]
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Using an efficiency target of 0.43 results in a reference fan that
performs better than approximately 50 percent of the market.\82\ For
general fans and blowers, the current efficiency target of 0.66 is
estimated to correspond to a fan that performs better than
approximately 20 percent of the market.\83\ In line with this approach,
DOE has tentatively determined that the efficiency target for air
circulating fans that would correspond to a reference fan which
performs better than 20 percent of the market is 0.38. Therefore, DOE
proposes to use an efficiency target of 0.38 in its calculations for
determining air circulating fan FEI. DOE notes that if additional data
become available to
[[Page 44233]]
justify a different efficiency target, DOE may consider a different
efficiency target for air circulating fans. Figure III-5 illustrates
the impact of changing the efficiency target on the calculated
reference fan wire-to-air efficiency, (``Wire-to-air Efficiency ref'')
in comparison to the wire-to-air efficiency of actual fans (``Wire-to-
air Efficiency act'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\82\ This is a direct result of the analysis which looks at
minimizing the distance (i.e., the square of the difference) between
FEPref and FEPact.
\83\ An efficiency target of 0.66 corresponds to the efficiency
level 3 (``EL3'') as analyzed in the November 2016 Notice of Data
Availability. Based on the analysis conducted in support of this
NODA DOE estimated that 80 percent of fans perform at or above EL3
based on information published in the life-cycle cost spreadsheet,
``LCC Sample'' worksheet. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, LCC
Spreadsheet, No. 190, at p. 4, cell AD51-AD58)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.005
Figure III-5 shows the reference fan cfm/w compared against the
cfm/w of the actual fans included in the BESS database. Below impeller
diameters of 20 inches, DOE notes that most fans in the database have a
FEI value greater than 1 (as illustrated by having higher cfm/w values
compared to the reference fan, this can also be seen on Figure III-4
where smaller fan impellers tend to have higher FEIs). DOE believes
this is because most fans with impeller diameters at or below 20 inches
are direct driven, while the reference fan always includes belt losses.
DOE may consider calculating the FEPref value s using the
same transmission configuration as the actual fan being evaluated
(i.e., include transmission losses in the FEPref calculation
only for fans distributed in commerce with a belt transmission).
However, DOE has tentatively determined that using the same reference
fan for all fan configurations results in a FEI that can be compared
across transmission configurations and that different FEI calculations
depending on the transmission configuration may be confusing to the
consumer. Therefore, at this time, DOE proposes to calculate
FEPref inclusive of the belt losses.
[[Page 44234]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.006
BILLING CODE 6450-01-C
DOE requests comment on the proposed FEI calculation for air
circulating fans.
18. Rounding
As discussed in section III.K, DOE presents a sampling plan for
determining representative values of FEI, FEP, and BHP. As discussed,
AMCA 214-21 provides a method for calculating fan performance using the
FEI metric. However, AMCA 214-21 does not provide normative rounding
requirements for FEI.
DOE notes that the FEI requirement is specified to the hundredths
place in Section 6.5.3.1.3 of ASHRAE 90.1-2019 (Fan Efficiency).
Additionally, the DOE energy conservation standard for large diameter
ceiling fans is the Ceiling Fan Energy Index (``CFEI''), where the CFEI
metric is calculated according to AMCA 208-18, is specified to the
hundredths place (i.e., CFEI must be greater than or equal to 1.00 at
high speed and 1.31 at 40 percent speed, or the nearest speed that is
not less than 40 percent speed). 10 CFR 430.32. Additionally, Annex I
of AMCA 214-21 (informative) specifies rounding the FEI to the
hundredth place.
DOE notes that FEI is the ratio of the electric input power of a
reference fan to the electric input power of the actual fan and agrees
that rounding FEI to two decimal places seems reasonable. Therefore,
DOE is proposing that represented values of FEI would be rounded to the
hundredths place. For consistency, DOE is also proposing that
represented values for FEP would be rounded to the hundredths place.
Rounding of the inputs to the calculation of FEI can impact the
represented FEI (or FEP value). DOE reviewed the provisions related to
rounding in the ceiling fan test procedure, which state that all
measurements should be recorded at the resolution of the test
instrumentation and that calculations shall be rounded to the number of
significant digits present at the resolution of the test
instrumentation. Section 3.1.1 of 10 CFR part 430 appendix U.
DOE has tentatively concluded that the rounding provisions in
section 3.1.1 of 10 CFR part 430 appendix U are reasonable and that
recording measurements at the resolution of the test instrumentation
would provide sufficient significant digits for accurately calculating
representative values of FEI and FEP. Therefore, DOE is proposing that
all measurements would be recorded at the resolution of the test
instrumentation and that calculations would be rounded to the number of
significant digits present at the resolution of the test
instrumentation.
DOE is aware that the AMCA 230 committee is considering adding
rounding requirements in the revised version of AMCA 230. Should the
revised version of AMCA 230 publish prior to the publication of any DOE
test procedure final rule, DOE intends, after considering stakeholder
feedback received in response to the proposals in this document, to
revise the provisions related to appurtenances in line with the latest
AMCA 230 standard, provided the updates in this standard are consistent
with the provisions DOE is proposing in this NOPR, or the updates are
related to topics that DOE has discussed and for which DOE has
solicited comments to in this NOPR.
DOE requests comment on its proposals for rounding represented
values of FEI and FEP to the hundredths place. Additionally, DOE seeks
comment on its proposal to specify rounding requirements for test
values and calculations that are consistent with the resolution of the
test instrumentation.
19. Location of Extraneous Airflow Measurement
Section 8.1.2 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata) specifies that the air
velocity in the test room, not generated by the test air circulating
fan, shall not exceed 0.25 m/s (50 fpm) prior to, during, and after the
test. Velocity measurements shall be taken immediately before and
immediately after the test to ensure that this condition is met. In
addition, AMCA 230-15 (with errata) specifies the location of the
extraneous airflow measurement shall be directly under the center of
the fan at an elevation of 1701.8 mm (67 in.) above the floor. DOE
notes that this provision is only applicable to fans tested according
to Figure 1 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata) and that there is no location
specified for extraneous airflow measurement for fans tested according
to Figures 2A, 2B1, 2B2, 3A and 3B.
[[Page 44235]]
The AMCA committee is considering adding the following provisions
to specify the location of the extraneous airflow measurement and to
move these provisions from Section 8.1.2 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata)
into each of the figures. For figure 1 of AMCA 230-15, the location of
extraneous airflow measurement would be directly under the center of
the fan at an elevation of 1.7m (67 in.) above the floor. For figures
2A, 2B1, 2B2, 3A and 3B, the location of extraneous airflow measurement
should be at the center of the fan at a distance of 1.5m (5 ft)
downstream of the fan impeller.
DOE agrees that these additional specifications are necessary to
ensure test procedure repeatability, and therefore proposes to add
these additional provisions as considered by the AMCA 230 committee.
DOE requests comment on the proposed location of the extraneous
airflow measurement for air circulating fans.
20. Run-In Requirements
Section 7.4 of AMCA 214-21 specifies that all fans shall be run-in
for not less than fifteen minutes prior to the commencement of data
collection. The AMCA 230 committee is considering adding similar
requirements for air circulating fans. DOE proposes that the minimum
run-in requirement of 15 minutes for fans and blowers be applied to air
circulating fans.
DOE requests comment on the proposed run-in requirements.
21. Transducer Type Barometers
Section 6.5.2.1 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata) specifies that
transducer type barometers shall be calibrated for each test. The AMCA
230 committee is considering removing this requirement from the revised
version. DOE is also considering not including this requirement as it
may be sufficient to require that the barometer be calibrated against a
mercury column barometer with a calibration that is traceable to the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (``NIST'') or other
national physical measures recognized as equivalent by NIST, without
having to repeat calibration before each test.
DOE requests comment on whether the requirement to calibrate
transducer type barometers for each test is necessary or should be
removed for air circulating fans.
E. Distinguishing Between Fans and Blower and Air Circulating Fans
In response to the February 2022 ECS RFI, ebm-papst supported the
use of the thrust-test method described in AMCA 230 to test ACFs
without a housing. They also stated that either AMCA 210 or AMCA 230
test methods could be used for ACFs with housing. (Docket No. EERE-
2022-BT-STD-0002, ebm-papst, No. 8 at p. 1)
Some manufacturers offer the same fan model with different mounting
configurations. Depending on the mounting configuration, the same fan
could either meet the definition of a fan tested per AMCA 210-15 or
meet the definition of an air circulating fan and be tested per AMCA
230-15. DOE identified that air circulating fans with housing (i.e.,
axial panel air circulating fans and box fans) can also be distributed
in commerce as with brackets for mounting through a wall, ceiling, or
other structure that separates the fan's inlet for its outlet and
marketed as ``exhaust fans''. In this case, DOE agrees with ebm-papst
that these fans would be tested per AMCA 210-16 as they would meet the
definition of an axial panel fan. Manufacturers who distribute these
fans in commerce in both configurations and market the fans both for
air circulation and exhaust applications typically test the fan using
both AMCA 230-15 (with errata) and AMCA 210-16.
DOE is proposing that fan models that meet both the definition of
an axial panel fan and the definition of an air circulating fan (i.e.,
axial air circulating panel fan, box fan, or ACFH) depending on the
presence or absence of brackets for mounting through a wall, ceiling,
or other structure that separates the fan's inlet from its outlet be
tested according to both the proposed test procedures for fans and
blowers, excluding air circulating fans, and the proposed test
procedure for air circulating fans.
DOE requests comment on its proposal that fans that meet the
definition of both an axial panel fan and the definition of an air
circulating fan because of the presence or absence of brackets for
mounting through a structure that separates a fan's inlet from its
outlet be tested both as a fan and blower and as an air circulating
fan.
F. Metric
AMCA 214-21 provides uniform methods to determine the FEP and FEI
of a fan at a given duty point.\84\ As explained, FEP describes the
electrical input power of a fan in kilowatts. AMCA 214-21 defines FEI
as the ratio of the electrical input power of a reference fan to the
electrical input power of the actual fan for which the FEI is
calculated, both established at the same duty point. As stated, FEI is
a dimensionless index for evaluating a fan's performance against a
reference fan. Section 5 of AMCA 214-21 provides the equations to
calculate the reference fan electrical input power as a function of
airflow and pressure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\84\ As previously described, a duty point is characterized by a
given airflow and pressure and has a corresponding operating speed.
The collection of all duty points associated with a given speed is
referred to as a ``fan curve''. AMCA 214-21 provides methods to
establish the FEP and FEI at any point within the operating range of
the fan.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
For fans other than circulating fans, the Working Group recommended
using FEP as the primary fan metric and to allow using FEI for
additional representation of energy use. The Working Group also
recommended calculating FEI using the FEP of a fan that is exactly
compliant with any future fan energy conservation standards. (Docket
No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendation #6, at p. 5). The
Working Group further recommended that the metric be evaluated at each
operating point as specified by the manufacturer. (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendations #18, #27, at pp. 10-11, 13-
14). Under this approach, for each basic model of fan, a manufacturer
would have to determine the FEP of the fan at each operating point.
As discussed, FEG is another efficiency metric developed for fans
other than air circulating fans. FEG is a numerical rating that
represents the ratio of airpower produced by the fan divided by the fan
shaft power, as a function of fan impeller diameter.\85\ As stated by
the petitioners, starting in 2012, FEG was used in model energy codes
and standards \86\ to establish fan efficiency requirements, which were
subsequently adopted by at least 12 State energy codes.\87\ (Docket No.
EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, The Petitioners, No. 1.3., at p. 2, 4) Following
the recommendations of the Working Group, AMCA developed the metrics
FEP and FEI as a replacement for FEG.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\85\ See AMCA 205-2010, ``Energy Efficiency Classification for
Fans''.
\86\ International Green Construction Code (2012); ANSI/ASHRAE/
IES 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings (2013); ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES 189.1, Standard for the
Design of High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings (2014); International Energy Conservation Code
(2015).
\87\ Alabama, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Maryland,
Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Utah, Vermont, and
Washington.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Petitioners stated that, compared with FEG, FEI is a wire-to-
air metric for fans. The Petitioners also commented that the FEI metric
allows fan specifiers and purchasers to easily compare the power
consumption of multiple fans, including motor and drive combinations.
Petitioners stated that
[[Page 44236]]
using FEI would facilitate simpler enforcement by code officials
because FEI ratings are easy to compare to potential minimum code
requirements. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, The Petitioners, No.
1.3 at p. 3)
In response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition, CTI commented
that FEI is a new metric and questioned its longevity as a basis for
Federal regulation. CTI commented that AMCA previously advocated for
FEG in ASHRAE 90.1 and is now advocating for FEI. CTI commented that
the use of FEI in ASHRAE 90.1-2019 will help assess the usability and
application of this metric. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, CTI, No.
11 at p. 3)
NEEA and NWPCC commented in support of the FEI metric. NEEA and
NWPCC stated that the FEI, which is established at any given duty
point, can be used to compare the energy consumption of different fans
operating at the same design conditions. NEEA and NWPCC commented that
the FEI metric provides a straightforward way for designers to evaluate
the relative power consumption of different fans and would drive the
market to select more efficient fans through providing consistent,
actionable information to designers. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003,
NEEA and NWPCC, No. 12 at p. 2)
ASAP, ACEEE, and NRDC and Greenheck commented that a DOE test
procedure based on AMCA 214 would provide the basis to assist customers
and designers in making purchasing decisions and save energy by
informing design decisions. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, ASAP,
ACEEE, NRDC, No. 7 at p. 1; Greenheck, No. 6.2. at p. 1). ASAP, ACEEE,
and NRDC stated that AMCA 214 provides methods to establish FEI ratings
across the entire operating range of a fan model, which can improve fan
selection and deliver large energy and cost savings. ASAP, ACEEE, and
NRDC commented that the FEI metric provides a simple way to evaluate
the relative power consumption of potential fans at a customer's design
point. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC, No. 7 at
p. 1)
Johnson Controls commented in support of a transition from FEG to
FEI for fans in airside applications (i.e., applications where the
primary purpose of equipment is to deliver airflow to a space, and
where the energy efficiency of the fan operation is the primary driver
of performance). Johnson Controls commented that using FEI for the
representation of fan efficiency in airside applications will help
consumers better understand the energy performance of a fan based on
the expected airflow and pressure at the point of design. (Docket No.
EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Johnson Controls, No. 10 at p. 1)
In the October 2021 RFI, DOE requested feedback on the metrics used
in AMCA 230-15 and AMCA 214-21, particularly in the context of air
circulating fans, including ACFHs. 86 FR 54412, 54415.
AHRI commented that ACFHs are standalone fans, with performance
testing established appropriately using AMCA 230-15 and a FEI metric
calculated using AMCA 214-21. (AHRI, No. 10 at p. 2)
AMCA reiterated its support for the use of FEI as the regulatory
metric over FEP and as the metric for representation for fans and
blowers, including air circulating fans. AMCA commented that FEI is
preferred over FEP because FEI is a comprehensive ratio that already
has duty-point dependent reference power embedded. FEI lends itself as
a practical efficiency metric for setting a fan energy standard. FEP,
is variable, depending on flow and other parameters. FEI, therefore,
would be a more stable compliance metric. AMCA added that FEI has
become the norm for AMCA certification and industry practice and has
been adopted into model energy codes and standards and is used in state
energy codes.\88\ AMCA added that FEI is also being used as the metric
for utility incentive programs presently offered or under development.
(AMCA, No. 6 at p. 9) AMCA also recommended that DOE allow
representation of intermediate data used to determine FEI, if those
values were calculated using data from physical tests in accordance
with the DOE test procedure, i.e., FEP, W; Airflow, cfm; Efficacy, cfm/
W; and Thrust efficiency ratio, lbf/kW. (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 9)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\88\ AMCA listed the following in its comment: ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
90.1-2019, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings; ANSI/ASHRAE/ICC/USGBC/IES 189.1-2020, Standard for the
Design of High-Performance; Green Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings; 2021 International Energy Conservation Code;
2021 International Green Construction Code; 2020 Florida Building
Code: Energy Conservation; 2021 Oregon Energy Efficiency Specialty
Code; 2022 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title
24).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC support using FEI as the efficiency metric for
air circulating fans. ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC commented that the FEI is both
representative of energy usage and straightforward for purchasers to
interpret. ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC commented that FEI accounts for inherent
efficiency differences between fans of the same diameter that deliver
different airflows. ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC also stated that using FEI for
air circulating fans would also provide consistency with other
commercial and industrial fan types subject to any future DOE
standards. Moreover, ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC commented that FEI is intuitive
and easy to understand for informing purchase decisions and provided
the example that a FEI of 1.1 represents 10% energy savings over a FEI
of 1. ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC also stated that FEI is similar to the Pump
Energy Index for pumps. (ASAP, ACEEE, NRDC, No. 7 at p. 2)
NEEA agreed with AMCA in preferring the use of FEI over FEP for
Federal efficiency standards. NEEA commented that FEI is a metric the
market is already beginning to align to, and an additional efficiency
metric could confuse the market. NEEA commented that the industry has
begun to transition away from Fan Efficiency Grade (FEG) to FEI,
encouraged by the inclusion of FEI in model energy codes (including
ASHRAE 90.1-2019 and the 2021 Oregon Energy Efficiency Specialty Code).
NEEA stated that consistency in the metric used to calculate efficiency
will expedite adoption of efficient equipment and make opportunities
for incentive programs more readily available to the market. NEEA is
not opposed to the use of FEP as an intermediary metric to determine
FEI, but recommends that DOE align with the market's momentum toward
FEI to create industry alignment around the definition of fan
efficiency. (NEEA, No. 11 at p. 3)
The CA IOUs recommended that DOE use the FEI metric from AMCA 214-
21 for ACFHs. The CA IOUs commented that FEP is not an efficiency
metric, but rather a measurement of the fan's input power, taking
motor, motor controller, and transmission losses into account. The CA
IOUs asserted that FEI, which is a ratio of the product's FEP to the
electrical input power of a reference fan, is a more appropriate metric
for these products. The CA IOUs stated that FEI also accounts for the
air velocity generated by the fan, which is an important consideration
for ACFHs since one of the primary requirements of an ACFH is to
deliver a focused airstream at a moderate to high velocity.
Additionally, the CA IOUs commented that FEI has become the default
metric for fans in building codes and incentive programs. The CA IOUs
stated that FEI is the efficiency metric used in ASHRAE 90.1, IECC, and
the California Energy Code. The CA IOUs added that since FEP and ACFH
airflow in cubic feet per minute is needed to calculate overall
efficiency and efficacy per AMCA 230-
[[Page 44237]]
15, testing labs and manufacturers can still report those metrics in
their product literature without additional burden. (CA IOUs, No. 9 at
p. 2)
In response to the February 2022 ECS RFI, ebm papst suggested using
a metric that distinguishes air circulating fans with exceptional air
velocity from air circulating fans with exceptional wire-to-air
efficiency because of the importance of air velocity when selecting an
air circulating fans. (ebm-papst, No. 8 at p. 3)
In its proposed regulation, the CEC is proposing to use the FEI
metric for fans and blowers.\89\ Since the publication of the term
sheet and of AMCA 214-21, a number of incentive programs and model
energy codes and standards used in state energy codes rely on the FEI
metric.\90\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\89\ See Proposed regulatory language for Commercial and
Industrial Fans and Blowers available in the following Docket: 22-
AAER-01 at: efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=22-AAER-01.
\90\ ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2019, Energy Standard for Buildings
Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings; ANSI/ASHRAE/ICC/USGBC/IES
189.1-2020, Standard for the Design of High-Performance; Green
Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings; 2021 International
Energy Conservation Code; 2021 International Green Construction
Code; 2020 Florida Building Code: Energy Conservation; 2021 Oregon
Energy Efficiency Specialty Code; 2022 California Building Energy
Efficiency Standards (Title 24); incentive programs presently
offered or under development by Seattle City Light, ComEd, and Xcel
Energy. See AMCA FEI Advocacy Brief available at: www.amca.org/assets/resources/public/assets/uploads/0621-FEI_Advocacy_Brief_V3-20210715.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As noted, FEG is a numerical rating that represents the ratio of
airpower produced by the fan divided by the fan shaft power and is
defined as a function of fan impeller diameter. FEG ratings are defined
in discrete ``bands'' (e.g., FEG 85, FEG 80, FEG 75, etc.) and are
established in accordance with AMCA 205-12, ``Energy Efficiency
Classification for Fans''.\91\ To determine FEG, a fan is tested to
measure its maximum bare-shaft fan efficiency (i.e., peak efficiency).
The FEG rating is determined by plotting the measured peak efficiency
versus the fan impeller diameter, then reading the associated FEG band
in which this point falls.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\91\ See AMCA whitepaper available at www.amca.org/assets/resources/public/userfiles/file/Nospreads_FanEfficGrades.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fans can operate over a wide range of speed, pressure, and airflow,
and the fan bare-shaft efficiency can vary greatly over this range. As
defined in AMCA 205-12, the FEG rating is representative of only the
maximum efficiency of the fan. As a result, depending on the actual
operating conditions, a fan with a higher peak efficiency and FEG
rating could consume more energy in a particular application than a fan
with a lower peak efficiency and FEG rating. In addition, the FEG
metric does not capture the performance of the motor, transmission, or
motor controllers and does not differentiate among fans with motors,
transmissions, and motor controllers with differing efficiency levels.
AMCA 230-15 provides methods to determine FEP of air circulating
fans as well as efficacy (i.e., amount of flow per unit of electrical
input power produced in cfm/W) and overall efficiency (i.e., amount of
thrust per unit of electrical input power produced in lbf/W). While
AMCA 230-15 provides methods to determine several metrics associated to
air circulating fan performance, AMCA 214-21 relies on the FEP and FEI
metrics (``wire-to-air metrics) for air circulating fans. In addition,
FEI accounts for air velocity \92\ as it relies on the calculation of
the reference fan FEP (FEPref) as a function of flow and
total pressure (which is equal to velocity pressure for air circulating
fans) and allows comparing the wire-to-air performance of fans at
different air velocities.
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\92\ Average velocity of air emerging from an outlet measured in
the plane of the outlet.
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Based on the discussion in the preceding paragraphs, DOE proposes
to apply FEI as the efficiency metric for fans and blowers. As
discussed, FEI would provide for evaluation of the efficiency of a fan
or blower across a range of operating conditions, would capture the
performances of the motor, transmission, or motor controllers (if any),
and would allow for the differentiation of fans with motors,
transmissions, and motor controllers with differing efficiency levels.
Also as discussed, use of FEI would align with the industry test
standard (AMCA 214-21) and drive better fan selections. In addition,
DOE proposes to establish the FEI differently for fans and blowers
other than air circulating fans, and for air circulating fans as
described in section III.F.1 and section III.F.2 of this document.
1. FEI Determination for Fans and Blowers Other Than Air Circulating
Fans
For fans and blowers that are not air circulating fans, considering
their wide range of application, DOE proposes that fan FEI would be
evaluated in accordance with the DOE proposed test procedure at each of
the fan's operating points within the range of airpower and shaft input
power proposed in scope (i.e., at each duty point, as specified by the
manufacturer within the range of airpower and shaft input power
proposed in scope). This approach is consistent with the term sheet
recommendations and would require the determination of the FEI at each
duty point as specified by the manufacturer. With this approach, the
test procedure would not prescribe particular operating conditions at
which the FEI is to be evaluated in order to calculate the FEI metric,
instead, the FEI is determined at each duty point. Further, if DOE were
to establish any potential energy conservation standards, compliance
with that standard would be required at each duty point specified by
the manufacturer within the range of airpower and shaft input power
proposed in scope (i.e., operating range or ``bubble''), and for which
the manufacturer publishes performance data. See discussion in section
III.L. of this document.
DOE notes several stakeholders (AMCA, AHRI, NEEA, and the CA IOUs)
submitted comments related to this approach as part of the CEC proposed
rulemaking docket.\93\ AMCA, AHRI, NEEA, and the CA IOUs recommended
that manufacturers be able to publish performance data for duty points
where the FEI is non-compliant (i.e., FEI < 1 in the case of the CEC
proposed regulation) and explained that performance data across the
entire fan operating range is needed for designing or troubleshooting
fan system problem.\94\ The CA IOUs suggested that manufacturers be
allowed to publish fan performance data in marketing or catalogs
materials, but clearly indicate inefficient values that are outside the
FEI >=1.0 bubble.\95\ AMCA, AHRI and NEEA jointly commented that a
regulation should not prohibit, but rather distinguish duty points that
meet the California Standards and duty points that don't.\96\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\93\ All documents related to this rulemaking can be found in
the rulemaking Docket 22-AAER-01 accessible at: www.energy.ca.gov/rules-and-regulations/appliance-efficiency-regulations-title-20/appliance-efficiency-proceedings-11. See Joint AMCA, AHRI and NEEA
comments at https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=242893&DocumentContentId=76471 (p. 20) and CA
IOUs comments at: https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=242904&DocumentContentId=76485 (p.7).
\94\ See Joint AMCA, AHRI and NEEA comments at https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=242893&DocumentContentId=76471 (p. 20).
\95\ See CA IOUs comments at: https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=242904&DocumentContentId=76485 (p.7).
\96\ See Joint AMCA, AHRI and NEEA comments at https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=242893&DocumentContentId=76471 (p. 20).
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In view of these comments, DOE is considering to require
calculating a weighted-average FEI (``WFEI'') based on the FEI at a
limited number of
[[Page 44238]]
representative duty points instead of having the FEI metric evaluated
at each duty point as proposed. With such approach, if DOE were to
establish energy conservation standards, compliance would be based on
the weighted-average FEI of a given basic model, and manufacturers
would be allowed to publish performance information at all duty points.
DOE has tentatively determined that while some fans can operate at
different speeds, the FEI generally increases (i.e., performs better)
as the speed of the fan decreases. Therefore, DOE is considering
requiring manufacturers calculate a weighted-average FEI based on
operating points at maximum speed. This would ensure that the fan will
perform with an FEI that is equal to or greater than the FEI at maximum
speed. In addition, end-users have been encouraged to select and
operate the fan near a fan's best efficiency point (BEP),\97\
therefore, DOE is considering using the BEP at maximum speed as a
reference duty point and to require calculating the weighted average
FEI using the duty points specified as described in the remainder of
this section, depending on the fan's speed capability and motor
configuration. In the absence of fan field operating data, DOE is
considering equally weighting these duty points.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\97\ The BEP represents the flow and pressure values at which
the fan total efficiency (ratio of total airpower to fan shaft input
power) is maximized when operating a given speed. Prior to the use
of FEI, energy codes required selecting a fan with an efficiency
within 10-15 percentage points of the BEP efficiency. See
International Green Construction Code (2012); ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1,
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
(2013); ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES 189.1, Standard for the Design of
High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings (2014); International Energy Conservation Code (2015).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
For fans without motors or controls: DOE is considering requiring
that the weighted-average FEI be calculated at maximum speed and using
the following duty points: 100 percent of BEP flow, 75 percent of BEP
flow, and 50 percent of BEP flow. All flow points would be on the same
fan curve \98\ at the fan's maximum operating speed.
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\98\ A fan curve represents the flow and pressure duty points of
a fan at a given speed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
For single-speed fans (i.e., fans with a single-speed motor), DOE
is considering to require that the weighted-average FEI be calculated
at the single available speed and using the following operating points:
100 percent of BEP flow, 75 percent of BEP flow, and 50 percent of BEP
flow. All flow points would be on the same fan curve at the same single
available operating speed.
For variable-speed fans that can continuously adjust their
operating speeds (i.e., fans with a variable-speed motor), DOE is
considering to require that the weighted-average FEI be calculated at
the following points: 100 percent of BEP flow at maximum speed, 75
percent of BEP flow, and 50 percent of BEP flow. However, in this case
the reduced BEP flow points would be achieved by reducing the fan's
operating speed and following a quadratic system curve, rather than
following the fan curve at maximum speed to achieve the desired flow
point. The system curve represents the system's resistance (pressure)
at various flows and is often represented by a curve where the pressure
varies as the square of the flow ratios.\99\
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\99\ See section 6.3 of AMCA 201-02: AMCA. (2002). Fans and
systems. AMCA Publication 201. Arlington Heights, IL: Air Movement
and Control Association International. Available at www.amca.org/assets/resources/public/pdf/Education%20Modules/AMCA%20201-02%20(R2011).pdf.
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For multi-speed fans (i.e., fans with a multi-speed motor capable
of operating at different discrete speeds): DOE is also considering
requiring that the weighted-average FEI be calculated at the following
points: 100 percent of BEP flow at maximum speed, 75 percent of BEP
flow, and 50 percent of BEP flow. In this case, similar to variable
speed fans, the reduced BEP flow points would be achieved by reducing
the fan's operating speed (For multi-speed fans, the speed options are
limited). Therefore, in this case the manufacturer would not be able to
continuously reduce speed until the required flow is achieved. Instead,
DOE is considering an approach where the manufacturer would be required
to achieve the reduced BEP flow points by reducing speed and increasing
pressure (i.e., moving along the fan curve at reduced speeds). In
addition, DOE is considering requiring that the pressure at the reduced
BEP flow point be greater than the pressure on the reference system
curve.
In addition, DOE notes that for fans tested wire-to-air, it is not
possible to determine the BEP as a ratio of air power to shaft input
power as the fan shaft input power is not measured directly. Therefore,
when applying a wire-to-air test method, DOE is considering
establishing the BEP as the point that maximizes the fan's wire-to-air
efficiency.
DOE requests comment on the appropriate metric to use for fans and
blowers other than air circulating fans.
DOE requests comment on the proposed FEI metric determined in
accordance with the proposed test procedure, and on whether any changes
are necessary to provide for more representative energy efficiency
ratings. If changes are suggested, DOE seeks input on how the proposed
FEI metric should be amended and why, and on any other metrics that
would be more appropriate. If changes or alternate metrics are
suggested, DOE requests information on the impact to testing cost as
compared to the proposed use of FEI.
DOE requests comments on the alternative approach considered to
establish a weighted average FEI metric for fans and blowers other than
air circulating fans. DOE requests comments on the appropriate
reference system curve to use in the case of variable-speed fans to
standardize the calculation of the reduced BEP flow operating points.
2. FEI Determination for Air Circulating Fans
For air circulating fans, to account for variations in fan speeds,
DOE proposes the following, depending on the air circulating fan's
speed capability: for single speed fans, DOE proposes that the FEI be
evaluated at the single available speed and corresponding duty point.
For multi-speed fans and variable speed fans, in the absence of data to
characterize typical operating speeds, DOE proposes to calculate the
FEI based on the weighted average FEI at each of the tested fan speeds,
and that each speed be apportioned an equal weight. (e.g., if the FEI
is calculated at five speeds, each speed is given 20 percent in the
calculation of the weighted average FEI). DOE has tentatively
determined that while DOE has not found data to characterize the field
operating speeds of air circulating fans, a more representative FEI can
be calculated by using a weighted-average across multiple speeds and
weighting all those speeds equally (when compared to calculating the
efficiency at only high speed). DOE notes that it would still allow
manufacturers to make representations of performance using cfm/w if a
manufacturer desires to do so. In addition, to differentiate the
proposed FEI for air circulating fans (i.e., based on
Q0=3,210 and P0=0, and an efficiency target of
0.38--See section III.D.17 of this document) from the FEI as it applies
to fans and blowers that are not air circulating fans (i.e., based on
Q0= 250 and P0=0.4, and an efficiency target of
0.66 for fans with a total pressure basis--See section III.D.17 of this
document) and from the CFEI as it applies to ceiling fans, DOE is
considering using the term ``Air Circulating Fan FEI'' or ``ACFEI''.
DOE is aware that the AMCA 230 committee may consider specifying
[[Page 44239]]
which metric to use in AMCA 230-22 when evaluating the energy
performance of air circulating fans. While this NOPR proposes to rely
on FEI, DOE is considering alternative metrics such as cfm/w including
weighted average cfm/w for multi- and variable-speed fans), as well as
alternative weights for multi- and variable-speed fans.
DOE requests comment on the appropriate metric to use for air
circulating fans.
DOE requests comment on the proposed FEI metric determined in
accordance with the proposed test procedure, and on whether any changes
are necessary to provide for more representative energy efficiency
ratings. If changes are suggested, DOE seeks input on how the proposed
FEI metric should be amended and why, and on any other metrics that
would be more appropriate. Specifically, for air circulating fans, DOE
requests comment on the proposed use of the FEI metric determined in
accordance with the test procedure as proposed and if DOE should
consider other performance metrics as measured by AMCA 230-15, or
different weights. If changes or alternate metrics are suggested, DOE
requests information on the impact to testing cost as compared to the
proposed use of FEI.
DOE requests comments on whether to use a different acronym to
designate the FEI of air circulating fans (``ACFEI'').
G. Efficiency Considerations for Certain Unducted Fans
As proposed, depending on the fan category, the reference FEP would
be calculated based on total pressure as opposed to static pressure.
See Table III-9 of this document. As discussed, the reference FEP would
be used to calculate the FEI value.
An individual commenter opposed the use of the FEI metric, stating
that the FEI disadvantages non-ducted fans, in particular, wall fans
and PRVs, which are tested in AMCA 214 based on static pressure. Graves
stated that such fans are penalized unfairly by excluding the velocity
pressure component in the calculation of FEI. Graves asserted that wall
fans and PRVs would have a higher measured efficiency if total pressure
rather than static pressure was used in the calculation of FEI. (Docket
No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Graves, No. 4 at p. 1)
Graves stated that for certain non-ducted fans, the outlet velocity
pressure is a useful fan output, citing the following examples: poultry
houses, which require a minimum of 600 feet per minute of air velocity;
dairy installations, in which air movement contributes to greater milk
production; paint shops, which use PRVs to filter the exhausted air
from the paint booth; and restaurant PRVs, which extract heat from the
kitchen and filter the supply air. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003,
Graves, No. 4 at p. 1). Graves recommended testing agricultural fans
\100\ with the metric relied on by the BESS Lab at the University of
Illinois, which uses a cubic feet per minute per watt (``cfm/watt'')
metric. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, Graves, No. 4 at p. 3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\100\ DOE identified that fans used in agricultural applications
(``agricultural fans'') include PRVs (tested per AMCA 214-21,
referencing AMCA 210-16) axial panel fans (tested per AMCA 214-21,
referencing AMCA 210-16) and air circulating fans (tested per AMCA
214-21, referencing AMCA 230-15). Grave's comment focuses on
agricultural fans that are PRVs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To reflect typical usage conditions, AMCA 214-21 specifies whether
testing is required to be conducted with a ducted outlet (i.e.,
measuring total pressure) or a free outlet (i.e., measuring static
pressure) for each defined fan category (See Table III-9). For certain
categories required to be tested with a ducted outlet, AMCA 214-21
defines an optional test that can be performed with a free outlet. For
axial panel fans (i.e., ``wall fans'') and axial PRV fans, AMCA 214-21
requires testing with a free outlet (i.e., measuring static pressure),
but does not define an optional test with a ducted outlet.
AMCA commented that the FEI calculations submitted by Graves were
based on an older methodology. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, AMCA,
No. 13 at p. 1). AMCA commented that the velocity pressure at the fan's
outlet is not the same as the velocity pressure created by the air
moving inside the building, and that the two are only tangentially
related. AMCA described an example illustrating that two different
rooftop fans--one larger fan with an outlet velocity of 500 FPM and an
airflow of 1,000 cfm, and one smaller fan with an outlet velocity of
750 FPM and the same airflow of 1,000 cfm--would both result in the
same air velocity inside the building; however, the smaller fan's
efficiency would be lower, and it would consume more energy than the
larger fan with lower outlet velocity. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-
0003, AMCA, No. 13 at pp. 1-2).
AMCA stated that FEI is calculated using a lower reference fan
efficiency for unducted fans than for ducted fans (0.60 vs. 0.66,
respectively), which it described as providing a 6 percent efficiency
``grace'' for unducted fans. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, AMCA,
No. 13 at p. 2).
AMCA also commented that BESS Lab uses static pressure as a basis
for the cfm/watt metric and that manufacturers of agricultural fans
include performance data in catalogs using static pressure. AMCA
further commented that the cfm/watt metric is similar to the FEI
metric, and that the results of the BESS Lab test could be used to
calculate FEI.\101\ According to AMCA, all the agricultural exhaust
fans listed on the BESS Lab website have an FEI of at least 1.00.
(Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, AMCA, No. 13 at pp. 2-3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\101\ BESS Lab publishes test results for agricultural fans and
provides the values of cfm/watt at different duty points expressed
in static pressure, speed, and airflow. Based on these results, the
electrical input power of a fan in kilowatts (same metric as the
FEP) can be converted to cfm/watt by dividing the airflow by 1000 at
a given duty point. This is similar to the results of an AMCA 214-21
test which provides the FEP in kilowatts at a given airflow, static
pressure, and speed (the ratio of the airflow and FEP, divided by
1000 would provide the cfm/watts metric). See for example: https://bess.illinois.edu/pdf/00110.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AMCA further commented that the metric of cfm/watt is a simple
metric that was appropriate for agricultural exhaust fans because these
fans are almost always applied at the same pressure (0.10 in. wg. of
static pressure). However, AMCA stated that PRVs, which have similar
applications to agricultural exhaust fans, can be applied at much
higher pressures in other applications. Accordingly, a metric of cfm/
watt evaluated at a single pressure and airflow can no longer be used
for evaluation because the cfm/watt of a fan applied at a higher
pressure would be much less than the cfm/watt at a lower pressure.
(Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, AMCA, No. 13 at pp. 2-3).
AMCA commented that the choice to calculate FEI using either static
or total pressure depending on fan category was recommended by the
Working Group, which included a mix of stakeholders, including
manufacturers of unducted fans. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003,
AMCA, No. 13 at p. 2).
In response to the October 2021 RFI, Morrison commented that air
circulating fan heads (``ACFHs'') are different from other fans
intended to be hooked up to ducts and should be evaluated differently.
Morrison commented that an efficacy metric, such as that used by the
BESS Lab (cfm/watt), would be appropriate. (Morrison, No. 8 at p. 1)
DOE reviewed the metric used by BESS Lab for reporting test results
for agricultural fans. Although BESS Lab relies on a cfm/watt metric,
the measured values are the same as those measured by a wire-to-air
test in
[[Page 44240]]
accordance with AMCA 214-21 (i.e., airflow, static pressure, electrical
input power) and DOE tentatively determined this metric is identical to
the FEP metric measured at a unique pressure point (or limited number
of pressure points). In addition, DOE notes that the BESS Lab relies on
test methods that are based on AMCA 210-16 and AMCA 230-15.\102\
Therefore, DOE is proposing to use the FEI (based on FEP) metric for
all PRVs and air circulating fans, including agricultural fans.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\102\ Comments from BESS Lab to the CEC process indicate that
they Lab tests rely on AMCA 210-16 with modifications as noted in
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
(``ASABE'')/S565 Oct2005 Agricultural Ventilation Constant Speed Fan
Test Standard or on AMCA 230-15. See efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=218197&DocumentContentId=26682 and
efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=221228.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE seeks feedback on the proposed use of the FEI metric for all
PRVs and air circulating fans, including agricultural fans.
H. Control Credit Approach
The Working Group recommended that the FEP of a fan with dynamic
continuous control \103\ be calculated with an additional credit to
offset the losses inherent to the control. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-
STD-0006; No. 179, Recommendation #16, at p. 9)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\103\ Variable speed controls or dynamic continuous controls:
any device that adjusts the speed of the fan continuously over the
fan's operating speed range in response to incremental changes in
the required fan output airflow during its operation. (Docket No.
EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; No. 179 at p. 6)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ebm-papst, Inc. commented that fans with electronic VSDs for
automatic load matching should be allowed a credit that does not
disfavor their rating. However, voltage controls such as triac
controls, series resistors, tapped motor windings, and autotransformers
should not be allowed a credit because of their low efficiency at part-
load. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, ebm-papst, No. 152 at pp. 1-2)
Greenheck, supported by Wade S. Smith Consulting, suggested
applying a 10 percent credit to the FEP of fans equipped with variable
speed controls (e.g., for these fans the FEP would be decreased by a
factor of 0.9). (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Greenheck, No. 221a
at p. 13; Smith, No. 207 at p.3) Greenheck stated that a 10 percent
credit is in line with the credit used in the current European
regulations.\104\ Greenheck commented that such credit would be
sufficient to compensate for the losses inherent to the variable speed
control, while being small enough to not provide enough incentive to
make inefficient fans paired with controls attractive to customers.
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; Greenheck, No. 221a at p. 13)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\104\ See European Commission Regulation No. EU 327/2011; eur-
lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/
?uri=CELEX:32011R0327&from=EN.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE analyzed the control credit in the European Commission
Regulation No. EU 327/2011 and observed that the value of the credit is
equivalent to about 5-10 percent of the fan electrical input power for
a fan with controls with an electrical input power less than 5 kW, but
that it decreases to 4 percent for fans at or above 5 kW. Since the
term sheet publication, AMCA established the FEI calculation method in
AMCA 214-21. DOE also reviewed the calculation of FEP for fans with
variable speed controls in AMCA 214-21, which does not provide for any
control credit. (See Section 6.4.2 of AMCA 214-21).
In its proposed rulemaking for commercial and industrial fans and
blowers, the CEC did not propose a credit when establishing the FEI of
fans with controllers and did not specify a different minimum FEI level
when proposing energy conservation standards for fans with a
controller.\105\ Instead, the CEC highlighted that fans with a
controller will have a larger FEI-compliant performance capability
compared to fans that are single speed.\106\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\105\ See Proposed regulatory language for Commercial and
Industrial Fans and Blowers available in the following Docket: 22-
AAER-01 at: efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=22-AAER-01.
\106\ See Staff Report, p. 36-37 for Commercial and Industrial
Fans and Blowers available in the following Docket: 22-AAER-01 at:
efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=22-AAER-01.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consistent with industry practice, DOE proposes to adopt the FEP
and FEI calculation as specified in AMCA 214-21 and does not propose to
develop a control credit for fans with a controller. As stated, EPCA
requires the DOE test procedures be reasonably designed to produce test
results, which reflect energy efficiency and energy use during a
representative average use cycle and not be unduly burdensome to
conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) To the extent use of a dynamic
continuous control impacts the energy use characteristics of a fan or
blower, appropriate consideration of any such impact would be part of
the evaluation of potential energy conservation standards.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to not include a credit in the
FEP and FEI calculation for fans with a motor controller.
I. Use of a Single Test Procedure Nationally
In response to the April 2020 Notice of Petition, ebm-papst
requested that a DOE test procedure preempt potentially differing
physical test methods and calculations associated with existing,
pending, and future building energy codes and fan standards anywhere in
the Nation. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-PET-0003, ebm-papst, No. 9 at p.
1)
As previously noted, Federal energy efficiency requirements for
covered equipment established under EPCA generally supersede State laws
and regulations concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and
standards. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE may,
however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for particular State laws
or regulations, in accordance with the procedures and other provisions
of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(b)(2)(D)) With respect to equipment covered by
DOE under section 6311(1)(L), pre-emption of State or local standards
for that equipment would begin on the date that an energy conservation
standard is established, except where state or local standards have
already been established. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a)(10)) Pre-emption of
existing State regulations would begin on the date compliance is
required with the Federal energy conservation standard, should such a
standard be established. (Id.) As DOE established fans and blowers as a
covered equipment under its authority in section 6311(1)(L), pre-
emption of State or local standards will not apply until DOE
establishes standards for this equipment (if the State or locality has
not adopted their own standard) or until the DOE standard takes effect
(if the State or locality has existing standards for the covered
equipment in place).
J. Alternative Energy Determination Methods (AEDM)
For certain covered equipment, DOE permits the use of an AEDM
subject to the requirements at 10 CFR 429.70. An AEDM is a mathematical
model based on the covered equipment design, and mitigates the
potential cost associated with having to physically test units. AEDMs
are permitted in instances in which the model can reasonably predict
the equipment's energy efficiency performance.
Although specific requirements vary by product or equipment, use of
an AEDM entails development of a mathematical model that estimates
energy efficiency or energy consumption characteristics of the basic
model, as would be measured by the
[[Page 44241]]
applicable DOE test procedure. 10 CFR 429.70(c)(1)(i). The AEDM must be
based on engineering or statistical analysis, computer simulation or
modeling, or other analytic evaluation of performance data. 10 CFR
429.70(c)(1)(ii). A manufacturer must validate an AEDM by demonstrating
that its predicted efficiency performance of the evaluated equipment
agrees with the performance as measured by actual testing in accordance
with the applicable DOE test procedure. 10 CFR 429.70(c)(1)(iii). The
validation procedure and requirements, including the statistical
tolerance, number of basic models, and number of units tested vary by
product. 10 CFR 429.70(c)(2).
Once developed, an AEDM may be used for representations of the
performance of untested basic models in lieu of physical testing. The
manufacturer, by using an AEDM, bears the responsibility and risk of
the validity of the ratings, including cases where the manufacturer
receives and relies on performance data for certain components from a
component manufacturer.
AEDMs, when properly developed, can provide a straight-forward and
accurate means to predict the energy usage or efficiency
characteristics of a basic model of a given covered product or
equipment and reduce the burden and cost associated with testing. Where
authorized by regulation, AEDMs enable manufacturers to rate and
certify the compliance of their basic models by using the projected
energy use or energy efficiency results derived from these simulation
models in lieu of testing.
The Working Group recommended allowing the use of an AEDM to
generate the represented values of FEP and FEI of a fan basic model.
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, No. 179, Recommendations #23, #24,
#25 at pp. 12-13)
DOE proposes to allow the use of an AEDM in lieu of testing to
determine fan performance, which would mitigate the potential cost
associated with having to physically test units.
1. Validation
Validation is the process by which a manufacturer demonstrates that
an AEDM meets DOE's requirements for use as a certification tool by
physically testing a certain number of basic models and comparing the
test results to the output of the AEDM. Before using an AEDM, a
manufacturer must validate the AEDM's accuracy and reliability as
follows.
A manufacturer must select a minimum number of basic models from
each validation class to which the AEDM applies. To validate an AEDM,
the specified number of basic models from each validation class must be
tested in accordance with the DOE test procedure and sampling plan in
effect at the time those basic models used for validation are
distributed in commerce. Testing may be conducted at a manufacturer's
testing facility or a third-party testing facility. The resulting
rating is directly compared to the result from the AEDM to determine
the AEDM's validity. A manufacturer may develop multiple AEDMs per
equipment category, and each AEDM may span multiple validation classes;
however, the minimum number of basic models must be validated per
equipment category for every AEDM that a manufacturer chooses to
develop. An AEDM may be applied to any basic model within the
applicable equipment category at the manufacturer's discretion. All
documentation of testing, the AEDM results, and subsequent comparisons
to the AEDM would be required to be maintained as part of both the test
data underlying the certified rating and the AEDM validation package
pursuant to 10 CFR 429.71.
The Working Group recommended that the AEDM be validated by the
testing of at least two basic models, compliant with any potential
energy conservation standards for each equipment class.\107\ In
addition, the Working Group recommended that if an AEDM was used to
simulate a wire-to-air test method, then the basic models used to
validate the AEDM had to be tested using the wire-to-air test method.
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; No. 179, Recommendation #24, at p.
13).
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\107\ DOE uses validation classes for AEDMs. While validation
classes may not directly align with equipment classes, validation
classes are consistent with equipment classes. DOE would propose
equipment classes in a future energy conservation standards
rulemaking for fans and blowers.
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DOE is proposing to include fan and blower validation classes at 10
CFR 429.70(k) and to require that two basic models per validation class
be tested using the relevant proposed test procedure. This number of
basic models is consistent with the number of basic models required for
most DOE-regulated equipment that utilize AEDMs. In addition, at least
one basic model selected for validation testing would be required to
include a motor, or a motor and controller of each topology (e.g.,
induction, permanent magnet, electronically commutated motor) included
in the AEDM. In addition, DOE proposes that if the AEDM is intended to
represent the wire-to-air test method, then the testing of the basic
models used to validate the AEDM must be performed according to the
wire-to-air test method. Similarly, if the AEDM is intended to
represent the fan shaft power test method, DOE proposes that the
testing of the basic models used to validate the AEDM be performed
according to the fan shaft power test method.
DOE's proposed validation classes for fans and blowers are listed
as follows: (1) Centrifugal housed; (2) Radial housed; (3) Centrifugal
inline; (4) Centrifugal unhoused; (5) Centrifugal PRV exhaust; (6) ;
Centrifugal PRV supply; (7) Axial inline; (8) Axial panel; (9) Axial
PRV; (10) unhoused ACFH; (11) air circulating axial panel fan; (12) box
fan; (13) cylindrical air circulating fan; and (14) housed centrifugal
air circulating fan.
The Working Group recommended adding a tolerance of five percent to
the results of the AEDM for the basic models used for validation of the
AEDM. The Working Group recommended that the predicted FEP using the
AEDM may not be more than five percent less than the FEP determined
from the test according to the DOE test procedure for the basic models
used to validate an AEDM. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006; No. 179,
Recommendation #25, at p. 13).
The Working Group recommendation would require that the FEP
calculated by an AEDM must be greater than or equal to 95 percent of
the FEP determined testing the basic models used to validate the AEDM.
This is equivalent to requiring that the FEI determined using the FEP
calculated by an AEDM must be less than or equal to 100/0.95 percent or
approximately 105 percent of the FEI calculated using the FEP
determined from testing the basic models used to validate the
AEDM.\108\
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\108\ The FEI is equal to the reference FEP (FEP-ref) divided by
the FEP of the actual fan. Therefore, if the FEP calculated using
the AEDM (FEP-AEDM) is greater than or equal to 95 percent of the
FEP (FEP-test) determined through testing, the FEP-ref/FEP-AEDM is
less than or equal to 1/0.95 * FEP-ref/FEP-test.
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DOE proposes to apply the 5 percent tolerance to the FEI because
FEI is the proposed metric. DOE proposes that the FEI calculated by an
AEDM must be less than or equal to 105 percent of the FEI determined
from the test of the basic models used to validate the AEDM.
2. Additional AEDM Requirements
Consistent with provisions for other commercial and industrial
equipment, DOE proposes to require that, if requested by DOE, a
manufacturer must perform at least one of the following activities: (1)
conduct a simulation
[[Page 44242]]
before a DOE representative to predict the performance of particular
basic models of the equipment to which the AEDM was applied; (2)
provide analysis of previous simulations conducted by the manufacturer;
or (3) conduct certification testing of basic model(s) selected by DOE.
In addition, DOE proposes that when making representations of
values other than FEI (e.g., FEP, fan shaft power) for a basic model
that relies on an AEDM, all other representations would be required to
be based on the same AEDM results used to generate the represented
value of FEI.
3. AEDM Verification Testing
Consistent with provisions for certain other commercial and
industrial equipment, DOE proposes including in 10 CFR 429.70(k)
provisions related to AEDM verification testing for fans and blowers,
including: (1) selection of units from retail if available, or
otherwise from a manufacturer, (2) independent, third-party testing if
available, or otherwise at a manufacturer's facility, (3) testing
performed without manufacturer representatives on-site, (4) testing in
accordance with the DOE test procedure, any active test procedures, any
guidance issued by DOE, and lab communication with the manufacturer
only if DOE organizes it, (5) notification of manufacturer if a model
tests worse than its certified rating by an amount exceeding a 5
percent tolerance with opportunity for the manufacturer to respond, (6)
potential finding of the rating for the model to be invalid, and (7)
specifications regarding when a manufacturer's use of an AEDM may be
restricted due to prior invalid represented values and how a
manufacturer could regain the privilege of using an AEDM for rating.
DOE requests feedback regarding all aspects of its proposal to
permit use of an AEDM for fans and blowers, and any data or information
comparing modeled performance with the results of physical testing. DOE
specifically seeks comment on its proposed validation classes, and
whether different number of basic models should be considered.
K. Sampling Plan
DOE provides sampling provisions for determining represented values
of energy use or energy efficiency of a covered product or equipment.
See generally 10 CFR part 429. These sampling provisions provide
uniform statistical methods that require testing a sample of units that
is large enough to account for reasonable manufacturing variability
among individual units of a basic model, or variability in the test
methodology, such that the test results for the overall sample will be
reasonably representative of the efficiency of that basic model.
The general sampling requirement currently applicable to all
covered products and equipment provides that a sample of sufficient
size must be randomly selected and tested and that, unless otherwise
specified, a minimum of two units must be tested to certify a basic
model. 10 CFR 429.11. This minimum is implicit in the requirement to
calculate a mean--an average--which requires at least two values.
Manufacturers can increase their sample size to narrow the margin of
error. The design of the sampling plan is intended to determine an
accurate assessment of product or equipment performance, within
specified confidence limits, without imposing an undue testing or
economic burden on manufacturers. Different samples from the same
population will generate different values for the sample average. An
interval estimate quantifies this uncertainty in the sample estimate by
computing lower and upper confidence limits (``LCL'' and ``UCL'') of an
interval (centered on the average of the sample) which will, with a
given level of confidence, contain the population average. Instead of a
single estimate for the average of the population (i.e., the average of
the sample), a confidence interval generates a lower and upper limit
for the average of the population. The interval estimate gives an
indication of how much uncertainty there is in the estimate of the
average of the population.\109\ Confidence limits are expressed in
terms of a confidence coefficient. For covered equipment and products,
the confidence coefficient typically ranges from 90 to 99 percent.\110\
The confidence coefficient, for example 97.5 percent means that if an
infinite number of samples are collected, and the confidence interval
computed, 97.5 percent of these intervals would contain the average of
the population: i.e., although the average of the entire population is
not known, there is a high probability (97.5 percent confidence level)
that it is greater than or equal to the LCL and less than or equal to
the UCL.
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\109\ NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda352.htm.
\110\ 10 CFR part 429 outlines sampling plans for certification
testing for product or equipment covered by EPCA.
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To ensure that the represented value of efficiency is no greater
than the population average, the sampling plans for determination of
the represented value typically consist of testing a representative
sample to insure that . . . (ii) Any represented value of energy
efficiency \111\ . . . shall be no greater than the lower of (A) the
average of the sample (x) or (B) the lower XX confidence limit of the
true mean divided by K, where the values for XX and K vary with product
or equipment type. XX, the confidence limit, typically ranges from 90
to 99 percent, while K, an adjustment factor, typically ranges from 0.9
to 0.99. The specific values for XX and K for a particular product or
equipment are selected based on an expected level of variability in
product performance and measurement uncertainty. 10 CFR 429.14 through
10 CFR 429.63. Requiring that the represented value be less than or
equal to the LCL would ensure that the represented value of efficiency
is no greater than the population average. DOE divides the LCL by K to
provide additional tolerance to account for variability in product
performance and measurement uncertainty.\112\ The comparison with the
average of the sample further ensures that if LCL divided by K is
greater than x, the represented value is established using the average
of the sample. In addition, DOE relies on a one-sided confidence limit
to provide the option for manufacturers to rate more conservatively.
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\111\ Or any other metric for which the consumer will favor a
higher value, such as FEI.
\112\ For example, if DOE expects that the variability for
measured performance is within a margin of 3 percent, DOE will use a
K value of 0.97. See for example 79 FR 32019, 32037 (June 3, 2014).
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The Working Group recommended that a represented value of a basic
model be based on a minimum of one test, where the tested value must be
less than the represented value. The Working Group did not provide
recommendations to address a situation in which a manufacturer chooses
to increase their test sample size. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006,
No. 179, Recommendation #23 at p. 12) The Petitioners also requested
that manufacturers be allowed to establish FEP and FEI ratings of a fan
basic model based on testing of a single unit. (Docket No. EERE-2020-
BT-PET-0003, The Petitioners, No. 1.3 at p. 8)
In response to the October 2021 RFI, AMCA commented that they do
not yet have a specific sampling recommendation it can support with
data and analyses. AMCA would prefer to use the ratings and sampling
methods embodied in AMCA Publication 211, ``Certified Ratings Program
Product Rating Manual for Fan Air Performance'', which is the program's
operating manual for certifying fans to
[[Page 44243]]
AMCA's certification programs. (AMCA, No. 6 at p. 10)
DOE proposes that a minimum sample size of two units would be used
when making representations of FEP, FEI, and BHP, as applicable. This
proposal is consistent with the statistical sampling requirements in
place for other commercial and industrial equipment regulated by
DOE.\113\ In addition, DOE proposes that the FEI be rounded to the
nearest hundredth. These requirements would be added to 10 CFR 429.66.
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\113\ The general sampling requirement currently applicable to
all covered products and equipment provides that a sample of
sufficient size must be randomly selected and tested to ensure
compliance and that, unless otherwise specified, a minimum of two
units must be tested to certify a basic model as compliant. See 10
CFR 429.11.
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DOE seeks information on whether the statistical sampling plans
used for other commercial and industrial equipment at 10 CFR part 429
would be appropriate for fans and blowers. If not, DOE requests
information and data to explain why not, and what changes would be
appropriate. DOE also requests comment on the proposed minimum sample
size.
L. Enforcement Provisions
DOE proposes to add specific enforcement testing provisions for
fans and blowers at 10 CFR 429.110 and proposes that DOE would use an
initial sample size of not more than four units and would determine
compliance based on the arithmetic mean of the sample. This is similar
to existing enforcement testing provisions for pumps and HVACR
equipment.
DOE proposes to add product-specific enforcement provisions for
fans and blowers other than air circulating fans to specify that: (1)
geometric similarity of two or more fans will be verified by requiring
that the manufacturer provides all fan design dimensions as described
in Annex K of AMCA 214-21; and (2) DOE will test each fan basic model
according to the test method (specified by the manufacturer in any
certification report (i.e., based on Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 or 6.4 of
AMCA 214-21).
M. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
As previously discussed, DOE proposes to establish a test procedure
for fans and blowers at 10 CFR part 431 subpart J and a newly proposed
appendix A and appendix B as follows: (1) adopting through reference
the test methods in AMCA 214-21, with certain modifications; (2)
adopting through reference certain test procedure provisions in AMCA
210-16 and AMCA 230-15 with errata, as referenced by AMCA 214-21; and
(3) specifying FEP and FEI as the relevant metrics, based on AMCA 214-
21. Additionally, DOE is proposing to add section 66 to 10 CFR part
429, which adds fan and blower sampling requirements and provisions
related to determining represented values, and to add section (k) to 10
CFR 429.70, which specifies alternative efficiency determination method
requirements. DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed test
procedure would impact testing costs as discussed in the following
paragraphs.
By proposing to adopt industry standards, DOE has tentatively
determined that the test procedure proposed in this NOPR would be
reasonably designed to produce test results, which reflect energy
efficiency and energy use of fans and blowers during a representative
average use cycle and that would not be unduly burdensome for
manufacturers to conduct. DOE is presenting the costs associated with
performing testing according to the proposed test procedure at third-
party testing facilities (i.e., facilities that are not operated by the
manufacturer whose product is being tested).
DOE recognizes that some manufacturers of fans and blowers may
operate their own testing facilities or may establish in-house testing
facilities suitable for obtaining representative efficiency values
using the test procedure proposed in this NOPR. In order to establish a
test laboratory capable of testing to the proposed test procedure, DOE
expects that manufacturers could have substantial initial capital
costs; however, DOE anticipates that the cost to perform a test would
be less for in-house testing than for third-party testing. Therefore,
it is expected that over the lifetime of a new test laboratory, the
initial expense of the capital costs would be less than the total cost
of third-party testing. For the purpose of estimating the costs in
order to properly represent efficiency values for fans and blowers
according to the test procedure proposed in this NOPR, DOE analyzed the
case of testing at third-party laboratories.
1. Estimated Costs for Testing Fans and Blowers at a Third-Party
Facility
In the case of testing at third-party testing facilities, DOE
estimates a per-test cost of $3,000 for AMCA members and $6,000 for
non-AMCA members. These estimates are based on statements made by AMCA
during the ASRAC negotiations, where a member cost of $3,000 per test
and a non-member cost of no more than double the member cost were
stated. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-STD-0006, #82, p. 228) DOE estimates
that approximately 60 percent of fan manufacturers are AMCA members and
that the remaining 40 percent are not AMCA members. Utilizing these
percentages and the respective costs per test for AMCA members and non-
AMCA members, DOE estimates the aggregated average test cost would be
$4,200 for third-party testing of both general fans and air circulating
fans. As stated in section III.K, DOE proposes that basic model
representations would be required to be based on testing a minimum of
two units. Therefore, DOE estimates that it will cost $8,400 to test a
basic model.
DOE requests feedback on its assumption that it would cost an
average of $4,200 to test one fan for both general fans and air
circulating fans. Additionally, DOE requests data on third-party
laboratory testing costs (other than AMCA).
DOE requests feedback on the method described above for estimating
manufacturer per-model testing costs of general fans and air
circulating fans. Additionally, DOE requests feedback and data on the
total testing costs per basic model for testing at third-party
facilities.
2. Estimated Cost To Develop, Validate, and Implement an AEDM
As previously discussed, an AEDM is a mathematical model developed
by a manufacturer that estimates the energy efficiency or energy
consumption characteristics of a basic model as measured by the
applicable DOE test procedure. Before using an AEDM, a manufacturer
must validate the AEDM's accuracy and reliability by physically testing
a certain number of basic models and comparing the test results to the
output of the AEDM.
DOE assumes a mechanical engineer would develop and validate a new
AEDM. Based on wage and salary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(``BLS''), DOE estimates the hourly fully burdened mechanical
engineering wage to be approximately $66.\114\ DOE also estimates that
it would take 24 labor
[[Page 44244]]
hours per validation class for an engineer to develop and validate an
AEDM using existing simulation tools. Therefore, DOE estimated the cost
of a fully burdened mechanical engineer as approximately $1,600 per
validation class. As discussed in section III.J.1, testing of two basic
models is required to validate an AEDM for a specific validation class.
One unit must be tested per basic model in order to validate an AEDM.
10 CFR 429.70(c)(2)(i) Therefore, two physical tests on two different
basic models are required for validation of a fans and blowers AEDM. As
discussed in the previous section, DOE estimates the average cost per
test to be $4,200. Therefore, the total estimated manufacturer cost to
develop and validate an AEDM for a single validation class is estimated
to be $10,000, which is the cost to perform one test on two basic
models at a third-party lab ($8,400) plus the fully burdened cost of a
mechanical engineer's time to develop and validate the AEDM ($1,600).
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\114\ DOE estimated the hourly wage using data from BLS's
``Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2021'' publication. DOE
used the ``Mechanical Engineers'' mean hourly wage of $46.64 to
estimate the hourly wage rate (www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes172141.htm). DOE then used BLS's ``Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation--December 2021'' to estimate that wages and salary
account for approximately 70.5 percent of compensation for private
industry workers (www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_03182022.pdf). Last accessed on April 2, 2022. Therefore, DOE
estimated a fully burdened labor rate of $66.16 ($46.64 / 0.705 =
$66.16).
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DOE assumes a mechanical technician would implement an AEDM once it
is developed. Based on wage and salary data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, DOE estimates the hourly fully burdened mechanical
technician wage to be approximately $43.\115\ DOE estimates that it
would take a mechanical technician 1 hour to determine the
representative values necessary to certify a basic model using an AEDM.
Therefore, the estimated cost to implement an AEDM to develop certified
ratings is $43 per basic model.
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\115\ DOE estimated the hourly wage using data from BLS's
``Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2021'' publication. DOE
used the ``Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians''
mean hourly wage of $30.47 to estimate the hourly wage rate
(www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes173027.htm). DOE then used BLS's
``Employer Costs for Employee Compensation--December 2021'' to
estimate that wages and salary account for approximately 70.5
percent of compensation for private industry workers (www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_03182022.pdf). Last accessed on April 2,
2022. Therefore, DOE estimated a fully burdened labor rate of $43.22
($30.47 / 0.705 = $43.22).
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DOE requests comment on its assumption that manufacturers have
existing simulation tools that a mechanical engineer could use to
develop an AEDM. Additionally, DOE requests comment on its assumption
that AEDMs would be developed by a mechanical engineer and later
utilized by mechanical technicians to develop certified ratings for
each basic model. Finally, DOE requests comment on its assumption that
it would take a mechanical engineering approximately 24 working hours
to develop an AEDM and that it would take a mechanical technician
approximately 1 hour per basic model to develop certified ratings from
an AEDM.
3. Voluntary Representations
If manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the
energy consumption or cost of energy of the fans and blowers that are
proposed to be in-scope for the proposed test procedure (listed in
Section III.A of this document), they would be required to make
representations based on testing according to the DOE test procedure.
(42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) DOE has initially determined that the
implementation of the proposed test procedure, if finalized, would
result in added costs to fan and blower manufacturers if manufacturers
choose to make efficiency representations. These added costs pertain to
manufacturers that would need to update current efficiency
representations in marketing materials and those that would choose to
add efficiency representations to marketing materials.
N. Compliance Date
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends a test procedure, all
representations of energy efficiency and energy use, including those
made on marketing materials and product labels, must be made in
accordance with that amended test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) To the extent the test procedure
proposed in this document is required only for the evaluation and
issuance of new efficiency standards, use of the proposed test
procedure, if finalized, would not be required until the implementation
date of new standards. 10 CFR 431.4; Section 8(e) of appendix A 10 CFR
part 430 subpart C.
If DOE were to publish a new test procedure, EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers to petition DOE for an extension
of the 180-day period if the manufacturer may experience undue hardship
in meeting the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(2)) To receive such an
extension, petitions must be filed with DOE no later than 60 days
before the end of the 180-day period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue hardship. (Id.)
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
Executive Order (E.O.) 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, as
supplemented and reaffirmed by E.O. 13563, Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review'', 76 FR 3821 (Jan. 21, 2011), requires agencies, to
the extent permitted by law, to (1) propose or adopt a regulation only
upon a reasoned determination that its benefits justify its costs
(recognizing that some benefits and costs are difficult to quantify);
(2) tailor regulations to impose the least burden on society,
consistent with obtaining regulatory objectives, taking into account,
among other things, and to the extent practicable, the costs of
cumulative regulations; (3) select, in choosing among alternative
regulatory approaches, those approaches that maximize net benefits
(including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety,
and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity); (4) to the
extent feasible, specify performance objectives, rather than specifying
the behavior or manner of compliance that regulated entities must
adopt; and (5) identify and assess available alternatives to direct
regulation, including providing economic incentives to encourage the
desired behavior, such as user fees or marketable permits, or providing
information upon which choices can be made by the public. DOE
emphasizes as well that E.O. 13563 requires agencies to use the best
available techniques to quantify anticipated present and future
benefits and costs as accurately as possible. In its guidance, the
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) has emphasized that such techniques may
include identifying changing future compliance costs that might result
from technological innovation or anticipated behavioral changes. For
the reasons stated in the preamble, this proposed regulatory action is
consistent with these principles.
Section 6(a) of E.O. 12866 also requires agencies to submit
significant regulatory actions to OIRA for review. OIRA has determined
that this proposed regulatory action does not constitute a significant
regulatory action under section 3(f) of E.O. 12866. Accordingly, this
action was not submitted to OIRA for review under E.O. 12866.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA) for
any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless the
agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As
[[Page 44245]]
required by Executive Order 13272, Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking, 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's website: www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
The following sections detail DOE's IRFA for this test procedure
rulemaking:
1. Descriptions of Reasons Why Action Is Being Considered
DOE is proposing to establish a test procedure for fans and blowers
at subpart J of 10 CFR part 431. As discussed, EPCA provides that DOE
may include a type of industrial equipment, including fans and blowers,
as covered equipment if it determines that to do so is necessary to
carry out the purposes of Part A-1. (42 U.S.C. 6311(2)(B)(ii) and
(iii); 42 U.S.C. 6312(b)). The purpose of Part A-1 is to improve the
efficiency of electric motors and pumps and certain other industrial
equipment in order to conserve the energy resources of the Nation. (42
U.S.C. 6312(a)) As stated, on August 19, 2021, DOE published a final
determination determining that fans and blowers meet the statutory
criteria for classifying industrial equipment as covered, because fans
and blowers are a type of industrial equipment (1) which in operation
consume, or are designed to consume, energy; (2) are to a significant
extent distributed in commerce for industrial or commercial use; and
(3) are not covered under 42 U.S.C. 6291(a)(2). 86 FR 46579, 46586. DOE
also determined that coverage of fans and blowers is necessary to carry
out the purposes of Part A-1. 86 FR 46579, 46588.
This proposed rulemaking is in accordance with DOE's obligations
under EPCA.
2. Objectives of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), test
procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers. (42 U.S.C. 6316; 42
U.S.C. 6296)
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1)
certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making other representations about
the efficiency of that equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)) Similarly, DOE
must use these test procedures to determine whether the equipment
complies with relevant standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)
3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated
DOE has recently conducted a focused inquiry into small business
manufacturers of the equipment covered by this proposed rulemaking. DOE
used the Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards to
determine whether any small entities would be subject to the
requirements of the proposed rule. The small business size standards
are listed by North American Industry Classification System (``NAICS'')
code as well as by industry description and are available at
www.sba.gov/document/support--table-size-standards. Manufacturing
commercial and industrial fans and blowers is classified under NAICS
333413, ``Industrial and Commercial Fan and Blower and Air Purification
Equipment Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a threshold of 500 employees or
fewer for an entity to be considered as a small business for this
category. DOE used a combination of publicly available information and
a private stakeholder database to create a list of potential
manufacturers. Once DOE created a list of potential manufacturers, DOE
used market research tools to determine whether any met the SBA's
definition of a small entity, based on the total number of employees
for each company including parent, subsidiary, and sister entities.
4. Based on DOE's analysis, over 200 companies potentially selling
commercial and industrial fans and blowers covered by this proposed
test procedure were identified. DOE screened out companies that do not
meet the small entity definition and additionally screened out
companies that are largely or entirely foreign owned and operated. Of
the identified companies, 51 were further identified as a potential
small business manufacturing commercial and industrial fans and
blowers.
5. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements
DOE estimates that this proposed test procedure would not require
any manufacturer to incur any testing burden associated with the
proposed test procedure. If finalized, DOE recognizes that commercial
and industrial fans and blowers energy conservation standards may be
proposed or promulgated in the future and manufacturers would then be
required to test all covered equipment in accordance with the proposed
test procedures. (See Docket No. EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021) Therefore,
although such is not yet required, DOE is presenting the costs
associated with testing equipment and procedure consistent with the
requirements of the proposed test procedure, as would be required to
comply with any future energy conservation standards for fans and
blowers.
This proposed test procedure, if finalized, may result in
manufacturers who choose to make voluntary representation incurring
costs associated with re-testing their models to update efficiency
representations in marketing materials based on testing according to
the DOE test procedure. Estimated costs for testing fans and blowers is
discussed in Section M of this notice.
(a) Establishment of a Test Procedure
Due to the lack of a model database and the large number of
potential small businesses, DOE selected 20 of the small businesses to
examine for model counts--which can be averaged across the full set of
small businesses. DOE reviewed the websites and, where available,
product catalogs of each of the sampled small businesses manufacturing
equipment covered by the proposed test procedure. While detailed
product information was not availiable for three of the sampled small
businesses, DOE identified, maximally, 2,686 models of commercial and
industrial fans and blowers that may be covered by the proposed test
procedure across the remaining 17 small businesses. The number of
models identified ranged from 7 to 636 across the applicable
manufacturers, for an average of 158 and a median of 49 models per
manufacturer. In the intesest of arriving at an upperbound cost
estimate, DOE assumes that all small businesses will use third-party
testing and not implement an AEDM. DOE previously estimated a total
average certification testing cost of $8,400 per model--$6,000 for an
AMCA member and $12,000 for a non-AMCA member--
[[Page 44246]]
which translates to an average cost for small business manufacturers of
$1,327,200, assuming all models are tested. Accordingly, total costs
for small businesses, assuming that the non-sampled small businesses
have similar model counts would be approximately $67,687,200.
DOE was able to find annual revenue estimates for all of the 17
small businesses sampled. Testing costs as a pecentage of estimated
annual revenue fluctuate widely--ranging from less than one percent to
over 70 percent--for an average of approximately 15 percent and a
median value of approximately four percent.
(b) Establishment of an AEDM
Establishing an AEDM for commercial and industrial fans and blowers
is not expected to impose an additional cost on small business
manufacturers. Manufacturers are not required to use the AEDM and using
the AEDM to certify models is expected to result in an significantly
lower cost relative to using the standard test procedure for all or
most of the models a small business might produce.
6. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and Regulations
DOE is not aware of any rules or regulations that duplicate,
overlap, or conflict with the proposed rule being considered today.
7. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
The discussion in this section analyzes impacts on small businesses
that would result from DOE's proposed test procedure, if finalized. In
reviewing alternatives to the proposed test procedure, DOE examined not
establishing a performance-based test procedure for commercial and
industrial fans and blowers. While not establishing performance-based
test procedures for commercial and industrial fans and blowers would
reduce the burden on small businesses, DOE must use test procedures to
determine whether the products comply with relevant standards
promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
DOE notes there currently are no energy conservation standards
prescribed for commercial and industrial fans and blowers. Therefore,
manufacturers would not be required to conduct the proposed test
procedure, if made final, until such time as compliance is required
with energy conservation standards, should DOE establish such
standards, unless manufacturers voluntarily chose to make
representations as to the energy use or energy efficiency of commercial
and industrial fans and blowers.
DOE has tentatively determined that there are no better
alternatives than the proposed amendments in terms of meeting the
agency's objectives to measure energy efficiency more accurately and to
reduce burden on manufacturers. Therefore, DOE is proposing in this
NOPR to amend the existing DOE test procedure for fans and blowers.
Additional compliance flexibilities may be available through other
means. Notably, section 504 of the Department of Energy Organization
Act, 42 U.S.C. 7194, provides authority for the Secretary to adjust a
rule issued under EPCA in order to prevent ``special hardship,
inequity, or unfair distribution of burdens'' that may be imposed on
that manufacturer as a result of such rule. Manufacturers should refer
to 10 CFR part 430, subpart E, and 10 CFR part 1003 for additional
details.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of covered equipment must certify to DOE that their
products comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To
certify compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
products according to the DOE test procedures, including any amendments
adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established regulations for
the certification and recordkeeping requirements for certain covered
consumer products and commercial equipment. (See generally 10 CFR part
429.) The collection-of-information requirement for the certification
and recordkeeping is subject to review and approval by OMB under the
Paperwork Reduction Act (``PRA''). This requirement has been approved
by OMB under OMB control number 1910-1400. Public reporting burden for
the certification is estimated to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
This proposed rule would not establish any certification or
recordkeeping requirements on manufacturers of fans and blowers. Were
DOE to establish energy conservation standards for fans and blowers,
certification data would be required for fans and blowers subject to
such standards; however, DOE is not proposing certification or
reporting requirements for fans and blowers in this NOPR. Instead, DOE
may consider proposals to establish certification requirements and
reporting for fans and blowers under a separate rulemaking regarding
appliance and equipment certification. DOE will address changes to OMB
Control Number 1910-1400 at that time, as necessary.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this NOPR, DOE proposes a new test procedure that it expects
will be used to develop and implement future energy conservation
standards for fans and blowers. DOE has determined that this rule falls
into a class of actions that are categorically excluded from review
under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
seq.) and DOE's implementing regulations at 10 CFR part 1021.
Specifically, DOE has determined that adopting test procedures for
measuring energy efficiency of consumer products and industrial
equipment is consistent with activities identified in 10 CFR part 1021,
appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is
required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999)
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have federalism
implications. The Executive order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined this proposed rule and has
determined that it would not have a substantial direct effect on the
States, on the relationship between the national government and the
States,
[[Page 44247]]
or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal preemption of
State regulations as to energy conservation for the products that are
the subject of this proposed rule. Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered equipment established under EPCA supersede
State laws and regulations concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards beginning on the date on which a final rule
establishing an energy conservation standard is issued by the
Secretary, except that any State or local standard prescribed or
enacted or the equipment before the date on which the final rule is
issued shall not be preempted until the energy conservation standard
established by the Secretary for the equipment takes effect. (42 U.S.C.
6316(a)(10); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal
preemption for particular State laws or regulations, in accordance with
the procedures and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(b)(2)(D))
No further action is required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity, (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation, (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation, (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction,
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately defines
key terms, and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order
12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a proposed regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may
cause the expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this proposed
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year,
so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This proposed rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this proposed regulation
would not result in any takings that might require compensation under
the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant
to OMB Memorandum M-19-15, Improving Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE published updated guidelines which
are available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%20Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has
reviewed this proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy
action. A ``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an
agency that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a
final rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected
benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to amend the test procedure for
measuring the energy efficiency of fans and blowers is not a
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a
[[Page 44248]]
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy, nor has it been designated as a significant energy action by
the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy
action, and, accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy
Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788;
``FEAA'') Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where
a proposed rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the
notice of proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and
background of such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE
to consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal
Trade Commission (``FTC'') concerning the impact of the commercial or
industry standards on competition.
The proposed test procedure for fans and blowers would incorporate
testing methods contained in certain sections of the following
commercial standards: AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-16, AMCA 230-15, AMCA 240-
15, AMCA 99-16, ISO 5801:2017, and ISO 80079-36:2016. DOE has evaluated
these standards and is unable to conclude whether they fully complies
with the requirements of section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether it
was developed in a manner that fully provides for public participation,
comment, and review.) DOE will consult with both the Attorney General
and the Chairman of the FTC concerning the impact of these test
procedures on competition, prior to prescribing a final rule.
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the test
standards published by AMCA, titled, ``ANSI/AMCA Standard 214-21,
``Test Procedure for Calculating Fan Energy Index for Commercial and
Industrial Fans and Blowers.'' AMCA 214-21 is an industry-accepted test
procedure that provides methods to determine fan electrical shaft power
and/or electrical power, flow, and pressure and calculate the fan
energy index (FEI) and is applicable to product sold in North America.
AMCA 214-21 specifies testing conducted in accordance with other
industry-accepted test procedures (also proposed for incorporation by
reference). The test procedure proposed in this NOPR references various
sections of AMCA 214-21 that address test setup, test conduct, and
calculation of the FEI.
DOE also proposes to incorporate by reference the test standards
published by AMCA, titled ``ANSI/AMCA Standard 210/ASHRAE 51-16
Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic
Performance Rating;'' and ``ANSI/AMCA 230-15, ``Laboratory Methods of
Testing Air Circulating Fans for Rating and Certification'' (with
errata). AMCA 210-16 is an industry-accepted test procedure that
provides methods of tests for fans and blowers that are not air
circulating fans, and AMCA 230-15 is an industry-accepted test
procedure that provides methods of tests for air circulating fans.
These methods are referenced in AMCA 214-21.
DOE further proposes to incorporate by reference the test standards
published by AMCA, titled ``ANSI/AMCA 240-15, Laboratory Methods of
Testing Positive Pressure Ventilators for Aerodynamic Performance
Rating'' (``AMCA 240-15''). AMCA 240-15 is an industry-accepted test
procedure that provides definitions and methods of tests for positive
pressure ventilator.
DOE further proposes to incorporate by reference the test standards
published by AMCA, titled ``ANSI/AMCA 99-16 Standards Handbook'',
(``AMCA 99-16''). AMCA 99-16 serves as a collection of technical
information that is used in the development of other AMCA documents.
Copies of AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-16, AMCA 230-15, AMCA 240-15, and
AMCA 99-16 may be purchased from AMCA International at 30 West
University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893, or by going to
www.amca.org.
DOE also proposes to incorporate by reference the test standards
published by the International Organization for Standardization, titled
``ISO 5801:2017, Fans--Performance testing using standardized airways''
(``ISO 5801:2017''). ISO 5801:2017 is the industry-accepted test
procedure that provides methods of tests for fans and blowers that are
not air circulating fans, internationally. In addition, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference ISO 80079-36:2016, which specifies the method
and requirements for design, construction, testing and marking of non-
electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres.
Copies of ISO 5801:2017 and ISO 80079-36:2016 may be purchased from
International Organization for Standardization, Chemin de Blandonnet 8,
CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, or by going to www.iso.org.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are listed in the DATES section at
the beginning of this document. Webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be published on DOE's website:
www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/public-meetings-and-comment-deadlines.
Participants are responsible for ensuring their systems are compatible
with the webinar software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the topics addressed in this
document, or who is representative of a group or class of persons that
has an interest in these issues, may request an opportunity to make an
oral presentation at the webinar. Such persons may submit to
[email protected]. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format that briefly describes
the nature of their interest in this rulemaking and the topics they
wish to discuss. Such persons should also provide a daytime telephone
number where they can be reached.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the webinar/public
meeting and may also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion.
The meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing,
but DOE will conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6306). A court reporter will be present to record the
proceedings and prepare a transcript. DOE reserves the right to
schedule the order of presentations and to establish the procedures
governing the conduct of the webinar/public meeting. There shall not be
discussion of proprietary information, costs or prices, market share,
or other commercial matters regulated by U.S. anti-trust laws. After
the webinar/public meeting and until the end of the comment period,
interested parties may submit further comments on the proceedings and
any aspect of the rulemaking.
[[Page 44249]]
The webinar will be conducted in an informal, conference style. DOE
will present a general overview of the topics addressed in this
proposed rulemaking, allow time for prepared general statements by
participants, and encourage all interested parties to share their views
on issues affecting this rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed
to make a general statement (within time limits determined by DOE),
before the discussion of specific topics. DOE will permit, as time
permits, other participants to comment briefly on any general
statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly. Participants should
be prepared to answer questions by DOE and by other participants
concerning these issues. DOE representatives may also ask questions of
participants concerning other matters relevant to this rulemaking. The
official conducting the webinar/public meeting will accept additional
comments or questions from those attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any further procedural rules or
modification of the above procedures that may be needed for the proper
conduct of the webinar/public meeting.
A transcript of the webinar will be included in the docket, which
can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the beginning of
this document. In addition, any person may buy a copy of the transcript
from the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposed rule before or after the public meeting, but no later than the
date provided in the DATES section at the beginning of this proposed
rule.\116\ Interested parties may submit comments using any of the
methods described in the ADDRESSES section at the beginning of this
document.
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\116\ DOE has historically provided a 75-day comment period for
test procedure NOPRs pursuant to the North American Free Trade
Agreement, U.S.-Canada-Mexico (``NAFTA''), Dec. 17, 1992, 32 I.L.M.
289 (1993); the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation
Act, Public Law 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057 (1993) (codified as amended
at 10 U.S.C.A. 2576) (1993) (``NAFTA Implementation Act''); and
Executive Order 12889, ``Implementation of the North American Free
Trade Agreement,'' 58 FR 69681 (Dec. 30, 1993). However, on July 1,
2020, the Agreement between the United States of America, the United
Mexican States, and the United Canadian States (``USMCA''), Nov. 30,
2018, 134 Stat. 11 (i.e., the successor to NAFTA), went into effect,
and Congress's action in replacing NAFTA through the USMCA
Implementation Act, 19 U.S.C. 4501 et seq. (2020), implies the
repeal of E.O. 12889 and its 75-day comment period requirement for
technical regulations. Thus, the controlling laws are EPCA and the
USMCA Implementation Act. Consistent with EPCA's public comment
period requirements for consumer products, the USMCA only requires a
minimum comment period of 60 days. Consequently, DOE now provides a
60-day public comment period for test procedure NOPRs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Submitting comments via www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties,
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment itself or in any documents attached to your
comment. Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable
should not be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to
your comment. Otherwise, persons viewing comments will see only first
and last names, organization names, correspondence containing comments,
and any documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov information for which
disclosure is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and
commercial or financial information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information (``CBI'')). Comments submitted
through www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed as CBI. Comments received
through the website will waive any CBI claims for the information
submitted. For information on submitting CBI, see the Confidential
Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to several
weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email, hand delivery/courier, or postal
mail. Comments and documents submitted via email, hand delivery/
courier, or postal mail also will be posted to www.regulations.gov. If
you do not want your personal contact information to be publicly
viewable, do not include it in your comment or any accompanying
documents. Instead, provide your contact information on a cover letter.
Include your first and last names, email address, telephone number, and
optional mailing address. The cover letter will not be publicly
viewable as long as it does not include any comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. If you submit via postal mail
or hand delivery/courier, please provide all items on a CD, if
feasible, in which case it is not necessary to submit printed copies.
No telefacsimiles (``faxes'') will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that
are not secured, that are written in English and free of any defects or
viruses. Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
encryption and, if possible, they should carry the electronic signature
of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 to 500 form letters
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting
time.
Confidential Business Information. Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email two well-marked copies: one copy of the document marked
confidential including all the information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked non-confidential with the
information believed to be confidential deleted. DOE will make its own
determination about the confidential status of the information and
treat it according to its determination.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
[[Page 44250]]
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments on any aspect of this proposal, DOE
is particularly interested in receiving comments and views of
interested parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on the fans and blowers, other than air
circulating fans, proposed for inclusion in the DOE test procedure.
(2) DOE requests comment on the proposed limits based on fan
airpower, fan shaft input power and fan electrical input power for fans
other than air circulating fans. Specifically, DOE requests comment on
the proposed definitions of ``static airpower'' and ``total airpower''
used to characterize the upper 150 horsepower limit for fans other than
air circulating fans.
(3) DOE requests comment on its proposed exclusions from the
proposed scope of applicability of the test procedure, listed as
follows: (1) radial housed unshrouded fans with a diameter less than 30
inches or a blade width of less than 3 inches; (2) safety fans; (3)
induced flow fans; (4) jet fans; and (5) cross-flow fans. DOE seeks
additional information to support exclusion from the scope of potential
test procedures.
(4) DOE seeks comment and input on the applicability of AMCA 214-21
and AMCA 210-16 to fans that create a vacuum of 30 inches water gauge
or greater. DOE requests comment on the 30 inches water gauge limit
used by the CEC.
(5) DOE requests comment on the proposed exclusively embedded fan
exclusions listed in Table III 8 of this document.
(6) DOE seeks information on whether it is common practice for
standalone fan manufacturers that supply fans to HVACR equipment
manufacturers to test these fans in accordance with AMCA 214-21 or AMCA
210-16 in a standalone configuration, and to provide fan performance
data for these fans.
(7) DOE seeks information on whether it is common practice for
manufacturers of HVACR equipment that manufacture and incorporate fans
into their equipment to test these fans in accordance with AMCA 214-21
or AMCA 210-16 in a standalone configuration, and to provide fan
performance data to their customers.
(8) DOE seeks comment on the estimates provided for the percentage
of fans that are incorporated in HVACR equipment that are purchased by
the HVACR equipment manufacturer vs. manufactured in-house.
(9) DOE seeks comment and input regarding any physical features
that could be used to distinguish a fan that is exclusively designed
for use in equipment listed in Table III 8 of this document.
(10) DOE seeks comment on the proposed definition of ``exclusively
embedded fan''.
(11) DOE requests comments on the proposed scope of applicability
of the test procedure for air circulating fans.
(12) DOE requests comment on excluding fans and blowers that are
exclusively powered by internal combustion engines from the scope of
this test procedure and associated energy conservation standards.
(13) DOE requests feedback and information on the physical features
that would help distinguish fans and blowers that are exclusively
powered by internal combustion engines from other fans and blowers.
(14) DOE requests comment on the definitions proposed for the
following fan categories: (1) axial inline fan; (2) axial panel fan;
(3) centrifugal housed fan; (4) centrifugal unhoused fan; (5)
centrifugal inline fan; (6) radial-housed fan; and (7) PRVs, consistent
with AMCA 214-21. If any of the definitions are not appropriate, DOE
seeks input on how they should be amended and why.
(15) DOE seeks input and comments on the proposed definitions of
(1) induced flow fan, (2) jet fan, and (3) cross-flow fan consistent
with AMCA 214-21 and AMCA 208-18. If any of the definitions are not
appropriate, DOE seeks input on how they should be amended and why.
(16) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of basic
model, with respect to fans and blowers.
(17) DOE requests comments on its proposed definition of safety
fans. Specifically, DOE requests comments in whether item (4) of the
CEC definition of safety fans is equivalent to ``laboratory exhaust
fans'' as defined in Section 3.52 of AMCA 214-21.
(18) DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions for air
circulating fan and related terms.
(19) DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions related to
heat rejection equipment.
(20) DOE requests comment on its proposed definition of air
circulating fan outlet area. DOE additionally requests comment on
whether the definition of outlet area for fans and blowers other than
air circulating fans should be revised and, if so, how.
(21) DOE seeks information on whether, in general, AMCA 214-21,
AMCA 210-16, and AMCA 230-15 (with errata) provide measurements which
reflect energy efficiency or energy use during a representative average
use cycle of the fans and blowers (including air circulating fans)
proposed to be in scope. If these standards would not provide such
measurements, DOE seeks input on how it should be amended and why, and
on any other industry test standard that would be more appropriate.
(22) DOE requests comment and supporting data on whether AMCA 214-
21 and ISO 5801:2017 produce equivalent test results.
(23) DOE seeks information and data to assist in evaluating the
repeatability and reproducibility of AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-16, and AMCA
230-15 (with errata). DOE seeks input on whether any changes to these
standards are needed to increase its repeatability and reproducibility.
(24) DOE seeks information on whether changes to AMCA 214-21, AMCA
210-16, and AMCA 230-15 (with errata) are needed to allow for the
determination of more representative energy efficiency ratings, and any
cost associated with a suggested change.
(25) DOE requests comment on the physical features that could be
identified to differentiate bare-shaft fans that can accommodate only a
direct-drive transmission from other bare-shaft fans.
(26) DOE requests comment on any additional revisions under
consideration by the AMCA 230 committee that are not discussed in this
document.
(27) DOE requests comment on the equations provided in Section 5.3
and section 6.4.2.3 of AMCA 214-21. Specifically, DOE requests comment
on whether applying the method outlined in Section 6.4 of AMCA 214-21
and the equations provided in Section 6.4.2.3 of AMCA 214-21 could
result in a higher value of FEI than the FEI resulting from a wire-to-
air test in accordance with Section 6.1 of AMCA 214-21.
(28) DOE requests comments on whether it should add a reference to
section I.6 of AMCA 211-22 or replace Annex E of AMCA 214-21 by Annex I
of AMCA 211-22.
(29) DOE seeks feedback on its proposal that PRVs that can operate
both as supply and exhaust fans be tested in both configurations as
described in Table III 9.
(30) DOE seeks comment on its proposal to test exclusively embedded
fans in a standalone configuration outside of the equipment that
incorporates the fan.
(31) DOE requests comment on its proposed approach for testing air
circulating fans that are distributed in commerce without an electric
motor.
[[Page 44251]]
(32) DOE requests comment on its proposal to add provisions for
calculating the total pressure of air circulating fans based on the
equations in Section A.2 of AMCA 208-18.
(33) DOE requests comment on the proposed provisions related to the
consideration of appurtenances when testing fans and blowers, including
air circulating fans.
(34) DOE requests comment on whether it should consider specifying
additional provisions to describe which components should be included
in the test.
(35) DOE requests comment on the proposed provisions related to
specifying which frequency, phase, and voltage to use during a test.
(36) DOE additionally requests comment on whether the supply
voltage requirements proposed for testing air circulating fans and fans
and blowers other than air circulating fans would appropriately
represent an average use cycle.
(37) DOE seeks feedback on the options presented for specifying the
testing speed(s) for air circulating fans and its proposal to test
single speed fans at the single available speed, multi-speed fans at
each available speed, and variable speed fans at 20, 40, 60, and 80
percent of maximum speed. DOE further requests feedback on its proposal
to clarify that if the fan minimum speed is greater than 20 percent of
the maximum speed, the performance data would be captured and reported
in five speeds evenly spaced throughout the speed range, including at
minimum and maximum speeds.
(38) DOE requests data to characterize typical air circulating fan
operating speed(s) and time spent at each operating speed.
(39) DOE requests feedback on whether Section 6.2 and Annex E of
AMCA 214-21 should be applied to air circulating fans.
(40) DOE requests comment on its proposal for determining if an air
circulating fan has reached equilibrium prior to initiating testing.
Specifically, DOE is soliciting comment on the test variables and
related tolerances that it is proposing to incorporate in its
equilibrium determination. Additionally, DOE seeks comment on the
minimum duration and maximum interval over which equilibrium would need
to be verified. DOE also seeks comment on which variables proposed in
Table III-13 that, if not stable prior to test, would have the greatest
impact on measured fan performance. Finally, DOE requests comment on
its proposal to specify the time and frequency over which extraneous
airflow measurements would be recorded.
(41) DOE requests comment on its proposal for determining if a fan
that is not an air circulating fan has reached equilibrium prior to
initiating testing. Specifically, DOE is soliciting comment on the test
variables and related tolerances that it is proposing to incorporate in
its equilibrium determination. Additionally, DOE seeks comment on the
minimum duration and maximum interval over which equilibrium would need
to be verified. Finally, DOE seeks comment on which variables proposed
in Table III-14 that, if not stable prior to test, would have the
greatest impact on measured fan performance.
(42) DOE requests comment on the applicability of each test figure
in AMCA 230-15 to air circulating fans.
(43) DOE requests comment on the proposed FEI calculation for air
circulating fans.
(44) DOE requests comment on its proposals for rounding represented
values of FEI and FEP to the hundredths place. Additionally, DOE seeks
comment on its proposal to specify rounding requirements for test
values and calculations that are consistent with the resolution of the
test instrumentation.
(45) DOE requests comment on the proposed location of the
extraneous airflow measurement for air circulating fans.
(46) DOE requests comment on the proposed run-in requirements.
(47) DOE requests comment on whether the requirement to calibrate
transducer type barometers for each test is necessary or should be
removed for air circulating fans.
(48) DOE requests comment on its proposal that fans that meet the
definition of both an axial panel fan and the definition of an air
circulating fan because of the presence or absence of brackets for
mounting through a structure that separates a fan's inlet from its
outlet be tested both as a fan and blower and as an air circulating
fan.
(49) DOE requests comment on the appropriate metric to use for fans
and blowers other than air circulating fans.
(50) DOE requests comment on the proposed FEI metric determined in
accordance with the proposed test procedure, and on whether any changes
are necessary to provide for more representative energy efficiency
ratings. If changes are suggested, DOE seeks input on how the proposed
FEI metric should be amended and why, and on any other metrics that
would be more appropriate. If changes or alternate metrics are
suggested, DOE requests information on the impact to testing cost as
compared to the proposed use of FEI.
(51) DOE requests comments on the alternative approach considered
to establish a weighted average FEI metric for fans and blowers other
than air circulating fans. DOE requests comments on the appropriate
reference system curve to use in the case of variable-speed fans to
standardize the calculation of the reduced BEP flow operating points.
(52) DOE requests comment on the appropriate metric to use for air
circulating fans.
(53) DOE requests comment on the proposed FEI metric determined in
accordance with the proposed test procedure, and on whether any changes
are necessary to provide for more representative energy efficiency
ratings. If changes are suggested, DOE seeks input on how the proposed
FEI metric should be amended and why, and on any other metrics that
would be more appropriate. Specifically, for air circulating fans, DOE
requests comment on the proposed use of the FEI metric determined in
accordance with the test procedure as proposed and if DOE should
consider other performance metrics as measured by AMCA 230-15, or
different weights. If changes or alternate metrics are suggested, DOE
requests information on the impact to testing cost as compared to the
proposed use of FEI.
(54) DOE requests comments on whether to use a different acronym to
designate the FEI of air circulating fans (``ACFEI'').
(55) DOE seeks feedback on the proposed use of the FEI metric for
all PRVs and air circulating fans, including agricultural fans.
(56) DOE requests comment on its proposal to not include a credit
in the FEP and FEI calculation for fans with a motor controller.
(57) DOE requests feedback regarding all aspects of its proposal to
permit use of an AEDM for fans and blowers, and any data or information
comparing modeled performance with the results of physical testing. DOE
specifically seeks comment on its proposed validation classes, and
whether different number of basic models should be considered.
(58) DOE seeks information on whether the statistical sampling
plans used for other commercial and industrial equipment at 10 CFR part
429 would be appropriate for fans and blowers. If not, DOE requests
information and data to explain why not, and what changes would be
appropriate. DOE also requests comment on the proposed minimum sample
size.
[[Page 44252]]
(59) DOE requests feedback on its assumption that it would cost an
average of $4,200 to test one fan for both general fans and air
circulating fans. Additionally, DOE requests data on third-party
laboratory testing costs (other than AMCA).
(60) DOE requests feedback on the method described above for
estimating manufacturer per-model testing costs of general fans and air
circulating fans. Additionally, DOE requests feedback and data on the
total testing costs per basic model for testing at third-party
facilities.
(61) DOE requests comment on its assumption that manufacturers have
existing simulation tools that a mechanical engineer could use to
develop an AEDM. Additionally, DOE requests comment on its assumption
that AEDMs would be developed by a mechanical engineer and later
utilized by mechanical technicians to develop certified ratings for
each basic model. Finally, DOE requests comment on its assumption that
it would take a mechanical engineering approximately 24 working hours
to develop an AEDM and that it would take a mechanical technician
approximately 1 hour per basic model to develop certified ratings from
an AEDM.
Additionally, DOE welcomes comments on other issues relevant to the
conduct of this rulemaking that may not specifically be identified in
this document.
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this notice of
proposed rulemaking request for comment, and announcement of public
meeting.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Small businesses.
10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation test procedures, Incorporation by
reference, and Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on June 24,
2022, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to delegated
authority from the Secretary of Energy. That document with the original
signature and date is maintained by DOE. For administrative purposes
only, and in compliance with requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of the Department of Energy. This
administrative process in no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on June 24, 2022.
Treena V. Garrett
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 431 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.4 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) as (e), (f) and (g); and
0
c. Adding new paragraph (d).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 429.4 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other
than that specified in this section, DOE must publish a document in the
Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All
approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for
inspection at DOE, and at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). Contact DOE at: the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies
Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, DC 20024,
(202) 586-9127, [email protected], https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-technologies-office. For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, email: [email protected],
or go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. The
material may be obtained from the following sources:
* * * * *
(d) AMCA. Air Movement and Control Association International, 30
West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893, (847) 394-
0150, www.amca.org.
(1) ANSI/AMCA Standard 214-21, (``AMCA 214-21''), ``Test Procedure
for Calculating Fan Energy Index for Commercial and Industrial Fans and
Blowers'', March 1, 2021; IBR approved for Sec. 429.134.
(2) [Reserved]
* * * * *
Sec. 429.11 [Amended]
0
3. Section 429.11 is amended in paragraph (a) by removing ``429.62''
and adding in its place ``429.66'', and in paragraph (b) by removing
``429.65'' and adding in its place ``429.66''.
0
4. Add Sec. 429.66 to subpart B to read as follows:
Sec. 429.66 Fans and blowers.
(a) Determination of represented values. A manufacturer must
determine the represented values for each basic model, either by
testing in conjunction with the applicable sampling provisions or by
applying an AEDM as set forth in this section and in Sec. 429.70(k).
Manufacturers must update represented values to account for any change
in the applicable motor standards in Table 5 of Sec. 431.25 and
certify amended values as of the next annual certification (as
applicable).
(1) Testing--(i) Units to be tested. If the represented values for
a given basic model are determined through testing, the requirements of
Sec. 429.11 apply.
(ii) Any represented value of fan electrical input power (``FEP''),
fan shaft input power, or other measure of energy consumption of a
basic model for which consumers would favor lower values shall be
greater than or equal to the higher of:
(A) The mean of the sample, where
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.007
Where x is the sample mean; n is the number of samples, and xi is
the ith sample. Or,
(B) The upper 95 percent confidence limit (UCL) of the true mean
divided by 1.05, where:
[[Page 44253]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.008
and x is the sample mean; s is the sample standard deviation; n is the
number of samples; and t0.95 is the t statistic for a 95
percent one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A of subpart B of part 429). Represented values must be
rounded to the nearest hundredth.
(iii) Any represented value of the fan energy index (``FEI''),
weighted-average FEI, or other measure of energy consumption of a basic
model for which consumers would favor higher values shall be less than
or equal to the lower of:
(A) The mean of the sample, where
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.009
Where x is the sample mean; n is the number of samples, and xi is
the ith sample. Or,
(B) The lower 95 percent confidence limit (LCL) of the true mean
divided by 0.95, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.010
and x is the sample mean; s is the sample standard deviation; n is the
number of samples; and t0.95 is the t statistic for a 95
percent one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A of subpart B of part 429). Represented values must be
rounded to the nearest hundredth.
(2) Alternative efficiency determination methods. In lieu of
testing, the represented values for a basic model of a fan or blower
must be determined through the application of an AEDM pursuant to the
requirements of Sec. 429.70(j) and the provisions of this section,
where: the represented values of any basic model used to validate an
AEDM must be calculated under paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
0
5. Section 429.70 is amended by:
0
a. In paragraph (a), removing ``429.62'' and adding its place
``429.66''; and
0
b. Adding paragraph (k).
The additions read as follows:
Sec. 429.70 Alternative methods for determining energy efficiency or
energy use.
* * * * *
(k) Alternative efficiency determination method (AEDM) for fans and
blowers-- (1) Criteria an AEDM must satisfy. A manufacturer is not
permitted to apply an AEDM to a basic model of fan or blower to
determine represented values pursuant to this section unless:
(i) The AEDM is derived from a mathematical model that estimates
the energy use characteristics of the basic model as measured by the
applicable DOE test procedure and accurately represents the performance
characteristics of that basic model;
(ii) The AEDM is based on engineering or statistical analysis,
computer simulation or modeling, or other analytic evaluation of actual
performance data; and
(iii) The manufacturer has validated the AEDM in accordance with
paragraph (k)(2) of this section.
(2) Validation of an AEDM. Before using an AEDM, the manufacturer
must validate the AEDM's accuracy and reliability by comparing the
simulated FEI, or simulated weighted-average FEI, as applicable, to the
tested FEI or tested weighted-average FEI, as applicable (determined by
testing), as follows.
(i) Select basic models. For each fan or blower validation class
listed as follows: centrifugal housed fan; radial housed fan;
centrifugal inline fan; centrifugal unhoused fan; centrifugal power
roof ventilator exhaust fan; centrifugal power roof ventilator supply
fan; axial inline fan; axial panel fan; axial centrifugal power roof
ventilator fan; unhoused ACFH; air circulating axial panel fan; box
fan; cylindrical air circulating fan; and housed centrifugal air
circulating fan to which the AEDM is applied, a manufacturer must
select at least two basic models compliant with any energy conservation
standards in subpart J of part 431. In addition, at least one basic
model selected for validation testing should include a motor, or a
motor and controller if the AEDM is applied to a basic model with a
motor or to a basic model with a motor and controller.
(ii) Apply the AEDM to the selected basic models. Using the AEDM,
calculate the simulated FEI, or weighted-average FEI, as applicable,
for each of the selected basic models.
(iii) Testing. Test at least two units of each of the selected
basic models in accordance with 10 CFR 431.174 of this chapter and
determine the FEI or weighted-average FEI, as applicable, in accordance
with Sec. 429.66(a)(1).
(iv) Compare. The simulated FEI or simulated weighted-average FEI,
as applicable, for each basic model must be less than or equal to 105
percent of the FEI or weighted-average FEI, as applicable, determined
in paragraph (k)(2)(iii) of this section through testing.
(3) Verification of an AEDM. (i) Periodic reviews. Each
manufacturer must periodically select basic models representative of
those to which it has applied an AEDM. The manufacturer must select a
sufficient number of basic models to ensure the AEDM maintains its
accuracy and reliability. For each basic model selected for
verification: subject at least one unit to testing in accordance with
10 CFR 431.174. The provisions in paragraph (k)(2)(iv) of this section
must be met.
(ii) Each manufacturer that has used an AEDM under this section
must have available for inspection by the Department of Energy records
showing:
(A) The method or methods used to develop the AEDM;
(B) The mathematical model, the engineering or statistical
analysis, computer simulation or modeling, and other analytic
evaluation of performance data on which the AEDM is based;
(C) Complete test data, equipment information, and related
information that the manufacturer has generated or acquired pursuant to
paragraphs (k)(2) and (k)(3) of this section; and
(D) The calculations used to determine the simulated FEI or
simulated weighted-average FEI, as applicable, of each basic model to
which the AEDM was applied.
(iii) If requested by the Department, the manufacturer must:
(A) Conduct simulations to predict the performance of particular
basic models of electric motors specified by the Department;
(B) Provide analyses of previous simulations conducted by the
manufacturer; and/or
(C) Conduct testing of basic models selected by the Department.
0
6. Amend Sec. 429.110 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (e)(7), (8), and (9) as (e)(8), (9), and
(10), respectively; and
0
b. Adding new paragraph (e)(7).
The addition reads as follows:
Sec. 429.110 Enforcement testing.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(7) For fans and blowers, DOE will use an initial sample size of
not more than four units and will determine compliance based on the
arithmetic mean of the sample.
* * * * *
0
7. Amend Sec. 429.134 by adding paragraph (s) to read as follows:
Sec. 429.134 Product-specific enforcement provisions.
* * * * *
(s) Fans and blowers--(1) Verification of geometric similarity. For
fans and blowers other than air circulating fans, geometric similarity
of two or more fans or blowers will be verified by requiring
[[Page 44254]]
that the manufacturer provides all fan design dimensions as described
in Annex K of AMCA 214-21 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 429.4).
(2) For fans and blowers other than air circulating fans, DOE will
test each fan or blower basic model according to the test method
specified by the manufacturer (i.e., based on Section 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 or
6.4 of AMCA 214-21).
PART 431--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
8. The authority citation for part 431 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
9. Section 431.172 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.172 Definitions.
Air circulating fan means a fan that has no provision for
connection to ducting or separation of the fan inlet from its outlet
using a pressure boundary, operates against zero external static
pressure loss, and is not a jet fan.
Air circulating axial panel fan means an axial housed air
circulating fan head without a cylindrical housing or box housing that
is mounted on a panel, orifice plate or ring.
Air circulating fan outlet area means--
(1) For unhoused air circulating fan heads, the area of a circle
having a diameter equal to the blade tip diameter; and
(2) For housed ACFHs, the inside area perpendicular to the
airstream, measured at the plane of the opening through which the air
exits the fan.
Air-cooled steam condenser means a device for rejecting heat to the
atmosphere through the indirect condensing of steam inside air-cooled
finned tubes.
Axial inline fan means a fan with an axial impeller and a
cylindrical housing with or without turning vanes.
Axial panel fans means an axial fan, without cylindrical housing,
that includes a panel, orifice plate, or ring with brackets for
mounting through a wall, ceiling, or other structure that separates the
fan's inlet from its outlet.
Basic model, with respect to fans and blowers, means all units of
fans and blowers manufactured by one manufacturer, having the same
primary energy source, and having essentially identical electrical,
physical, and functional (e.g., aerodynamic) characteristics that
affect energy consumption. In addition:
(1) All variations of blade pitches of an adjustable-pitch axial
fan may be considered a single basic model; and
(2) All variations of impeller widths and impeller diameters of a
given full-width impeller and full-diameter impeller centrifugal fan
may be considered a single basic model.
Box fan means an axial housed air circulating fan head without a
cylindrical housing that is mounted on a panel, orifice plate or ring
and is mounted in a box housing.
Centrifugal housed fan means a fan with a centrifugal or mixed flow
impeller in which airflow exits into a housing that is generally
scroll-shaped to direct the air through a single fan outlet. A
centrifugal housed fan does not include a radial impeller.
Centrifugal inline fan means a fan with a centrifugal or mixed flow
impeller in which airflow enters axially at the fan inlet and the
housing redirects radial airflow from the impeller to exit the fan in
an axial direction.
Centrifugal unhoused fan means a fan with a centrifugal or mixed
flow impeller in which airflow enters through a panel and discharges
into free space. Inlets and outlets are not ducted. This fan type also
includes fans designed for use in fan arrays that have partition walls
separating the fan from other fans in the array.
Cross-flow fan means a fan or blower with a housing that creates an
airflow path through the impeller in a direction at right angles to its
axis of rotation and with airflow both entering and exiting the
impeller at its periphery. Inlets and outlets can optionally be ducted.
Cylindrical air circulating fan means an axial housed air
circulating fan head with a cylindrical housing that is not a positive
pressure ventilator as defined in ANSI/AMCA Standard 240-15, Laboratory
Methods of Testing Positive Pressure Ventilators for Aerodynamic
Performance Rating, (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.173).
Evaporative field erected closed-circuit cooling tower means a
structure which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the indirect
cooling of a process fluid stream to a lower temperature by partial
evaporation of an external recirculating water flow.
Evaporative field erected open-circuit cooling tower means a
structure which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the direct
cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature by partial
evaporation.
Exclusively embedded fan means a fan or blower that is manufactured
and incorporated into a product or equipment manufactured by the same
manufacturer and that is exclusively distributed in commerce embedded
in another product or equipment.
Fan or blower means a rotary bladed machine used to convert
electrical or mechanical power to air power, with an energy output
limited to 25 kilojoule (kJ)/kilogram (kg) of air. It consists of an
impeller, a shaft and bearings and/or driver to support the impeller,
as well as a structure or housing. A fan or blower may include a
transmission, driver, and/or motor controller.
Fan static airpower means the static power delivered to air by the
fan or blower; it is proportional to the product of the fan airflow
rate, the fan static pressure and the compressibility coefficient and
is calculated in accordance with Section 7.8.1 of AMCA 210-16,
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.173), using static pressure
instead of total pressure.
Fan total airpower means the total power delivered to air by the
fan or blower; it is proportional to the product of the fan airflow
rate, the fan total pressure and the compressibility coefficient and is
calculated in accordance with Section 7.8.1 of AMCA 210-16
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.173).
Field erected air-cooled (dry) cooler means a structure which
rejects heat to the atmosphere from a fluid, either liquid, gas or a
mixture thereof, flowing through an air-cooled internal coil.
Field erected evaporative condenser means a structure which rejects
heat to the atmosphere through the indirect condensing of a refrigerant
in an internal coil by partial evaporation of an external recirculating
water flow.
Full-width impeller means the maximum impeller width with which a
given fan or blower basic model is distributed in commerce.
Full-diameter impeller means maximum impeller diameter with which a
given fan or blower basic model is distributed in commerce.
Housed air circulating fan head means an air circulating fan with
an axial or centrifugal impeller, and a housing.
Housed centrifugal air circulating fan means a housed air
circulating fan head with a centrifugal or radial impeller in which
airflow exits into a housing that is generally scroll shaped to direct
the air through a single, narrow fan outlet.
Induced flow fan means a type of laboratory exhaust fan with a
nozzle and windband; the fan's outlet airflow is greater than the inlet
airflow due to induced airflow. All airflow entering the inlet exits
through the nozzle. Airflow exiting the windband includes the nozzle
airflow plus the induced airflow.
[[Page 44255]]
Jet fan means a fan designed and marketed specifically for
producing a high velocity air jet in a space to increase its air
momentum. Jet fans are rated using thrust. Inlets and outlets are not
ducted but may include acoustic silencers.
Packaged air-cooled (dry) cooler means a device which rejects heat
to the atmosphere from a fluid, either liquid, gas or a mixture
thereof, flowing through an air-cooled internal coil.
Packaged evaporative closed-circuit cooling tower means a device
which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the indirect cooling of a
process fluid stream in an internal coil to a lower temperature by
partial evaporation of an external recirculating water flow.
Packaged evaporative condenser means a device which rejects heat to
the atmosphere through the indirect condensing of a refrigerant in an
internal coil by partial evaporation of an external recirculating water
flow.
Packaged evaporative open-circuit cooling tower means a device
which rejects heat to the atmosphere through the direct cooling of a
water stream to a lower temperature by partial evaporation.
Power roof ventilator means a fan with an internal driver and a
housing to prevent precipitation from entering the building. It has a
base designed to fit over a roof or wall opening, usually by means of a
roof curb.
Radial-housed fan means a fan with a radial impeller in which
airflow exits into a housing that is generally scroll-shaped to direct
the air through a single fan outlet. Inlets and outlets can optionally
be ducted.
Safety Fan means:
(1) A fan or blower that is designed and marketed to operate only
at or above 482 degrees Fahrenheit (250 degrees Celsius);
(2) A reversible axial fan in cylindrical housing that is designed
and marketed for use in ducted tunnel ventilation that will reverse
operation under emergency ventilation conditions;
(3) A fan or blower bearing an Underwriter Laboratories or Electric
Testing Laboratories listing for ``Power Ventilators for Smoke Control
Systems'';
(4) An open discharge exhaust fan with integral discharge nozzles
which develop or maintain a minimum discharge velocity of 3,000 FPM;
(5) A fan constructed in accordance with AMCA type A or B spark
resistant construction as defined in ANSI/AMCA Standard 99-16 Standards
Handbook, (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.173);
(6) A fan or blower designed and marketed for use in explosive
atmospheres and tested and marked according to ISO 80079-36:2016
Explosive atmospheres--Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive
atmospheres--Basic method and requirements, (incorporated by reference,
see Sec. 431.173); or
(7) An electric-motor-driven-Positive Pressure Ventilator as
defined in ANSI/AMCA Standard 240-15, Laboratory Methods of Testing
Positive Pressure Ventilators for Aerodynamic Performance Rating,
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.173).
Unhoused Air circulating fan head means an air circulating fan
without a housing, having an axial impeller with a ratio of fan-blade
span (in inches) to maximum rate of rotation (in revolutions per
minute) less than or equal to 0.06. The impeller may or may not be
guarded.
0
10. Section 431.173 is added to subpart J to read as follows:
Sec. 431.173 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this subpart
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other
than that specified in this section, DOE must publish a document in the
Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All
approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for
inspection at DOE, and at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). Contact DOE at: the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies
Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, DC 20024,
(202) 586-9127, [email protected], https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-technologies-office. For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, email: [email protected],
or go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. The
material may be obtained from the sources in the following paragraphs:
(b) AMCA. Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc.,
30 West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893, (847) 394-
0150, www.amca.org.
(1) ANSI/AMCA Standard 99-16 ``Standards Handbook,'' November 10,
2016, IBR approved for Sec. 431.172.
(2) ANSI/AMCA Standard 210/ASHRAE 51-16, (``AMCA 210-16''),
``Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic
Performance Rating,'' August 26, 2016, IBR approved for Sec. 431.172
and appendix A to this subpart.
(3) ANSI/AMCA Standard 214-21, (``AMCA 214-21''), ``Test Procedure
for Calculating Fan Energy Index for Commercial and Industrial Fans and
Blowers,'' March 1, 2021; IBR approved for Sec. 431.174, and
appendices A and B to this subpart.
(4) ANSI/AMCA 230-15, (``AMCA 230-15 (with errata)'') ``Laboratory
Methods of Testing Air Circulating Fans for Rating and Certification,''
October 16, 2015, with technical errata sheet for ANSI/AMCA standard
230-15 density corrections. IBR approved for appendix B to this
subpart.
(5) ANSI/AMCA Standard 240-15, (``AMCA 240-15'') ``Laboratory
Methods of Testing Positive Pressure Ventilators for Aerodynamic
Performance Rating,'' September 5, 2015, IBR approved for Sec.
431.172.
(c) ISO. International Organization for Standardization, Chemin de
Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, www.iso.org,
email: [email protected].
(1) ISO 5801:2017, ``Fans--Performance testing using standardized
airways'', approved 2017, IBR approved for appendix A to this subpart.
(2) ISO 80079-36 ``Explosive atmospheres--Part 36: Non-electrical
equipment for explosive atmospheres--Basic method and requirements'',
approved 2016, IBR approved for Sec. 431.172.
0
11. Section 431.174 is added to subpart J to read as follows:
Sec. 431.174 Test Procedure for fans or blowers.
(a) Scope for fans and blowers other than air circulating fans. A
fan or blower, other than an air circulating fan is subject to the test
procedure in this section if it meets the following criteria:
(1) Is a centrifugal housed fan; radial housed fan; centrifugal
inline fan; centrifugal unhoused fan; centrifugal power roof ventilator
exhaust fan; centrifugal power roof ventilator supply fan; axial inline
fan; axial panel fan; or axial centrifugal power roof ventilator fan;
(2) Is not:
(i) A radial housed unshrouded fan with blade diameter at tip less
than 30 inches or a blade width of less than 3 inches;
(ii) A safety fan;
(iii) An induced flow fan;
(iv) A jet fan;
(v) A cross-flow fan;
(vi) A fan manufactured exclusively to be powered by internal
combustion engines; or
[[Page 44256]]
(viii) A fan and blower exclusively embedded in the equipment
listed in paragraph (a)(3) of this section;
(3) Is not an exclusively embedded fan subject to the following
exclusions:
(i) The test procedure in this section does not apply to fans or
blowers that are exclusively embedded in:
(A) Single phase central air conditioners and heat pumps rated with
a certified cooling capacity less than 65,000 British thermal units per
hour (``Btu/h'') cooling capacity, that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at 10 CFR 430.32(c);
(B) Three phase, air-cooled, small commercial packaged air-
conditioning and heating equipment rated with a certified cooling
capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h cooling capacity, that are subject to
DOE's energy conservation standard at Sec. 431.97(b);
(C) Transport refrigeration (i.e., Trailer refrigeration, Self-
powered truck refrigeration, Vehicle-powered truck refrigeration,
Marine/Rail container refrigerant);
(D) Vacuum cleaners;
(E) Heat Rejection Equipment: Packaged evaporative open-circuit
cooling towers; Evaporative field-erected open-circuit cooling towers;
Packaged evaporative closed-circuit cooling towers; Evaporative field-
erected closed-circuit cooling towers; Packaged evaporative condensers;
Field-erected evaporative condensers; Packaged air-cooled (dry)
coolers; Field-erected air-cooled (dry) cooler; Air-cooled steam
condensers; Hybrid (water saving) versions of all of the previously
listed equipment that contain both evaporative and air-cooled heat
exchange sections;
(F) Air curtains; and
(G) Direct expansion-dedicated outdoor air system that are subject
to any DOE's test procedures in appendix B to subpart F of this part.
(ii) The test procedure in this section does not apply to supply or
condenser fans or blowers that are exclusively embedded in:
(A) Air-cooled commercial package air conditioners and heat pumps
(``CUAC'', ``CUHP'') with a certified cooling capacity between 5.5 ton
(65,000 Btu/h) and 63.5 ton (760,000 Btu/h) that are subject to DOE's
energy conservation standard at Sec. 431.97(b);
(B) Water-cooled and evaporatively-cooled commercial air
conditioners that are subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at
Sec. 431.97(b);
(C) Water-source heat pumps that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at Sec. 431.97(b);
(D) Single package vertical air conditioners and heat pumps that
are subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at Sec. 431.97(d);
(E) Packaged terminal air conditioners (``PTAC'') and packaged
terminal heat pumps (PTHP) that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at Sec. 431.97(c);
(F) Computer room air conditioners that are subject to DOE's energy
conservation standard at Sec. 431.97(e); and
(G) Variable refrigerant flow multi-split air conditioners and heat
pumps that are subject to DOE's energy conservation standard at Sec.
431.97(f); and
(4) Is a fan or blower with duty points with the following
characteristics, measured or calculated in accordance with the test
procedure set forth in appendix A of this subpart:
(i)(A) fan shaft input power equal to or greater than 1 horsepower;
or
(B) fan electrical input power equal to or greater than 0.89 kW;
and
(ii)(A) fan static airpower equal to or less than 150 horsepower
for fans using a static pressure basis fan energy index (``FEI'') in
accordance with the required test configuration listed in Table 7.1 of
AMCA 214-21; or
(B) fan total airpower equal to or less than 150 horsepower for
fans using a total pressure basis FEI in accordance with the required
test configuration listed in Table 7.1 of AMCA 214-21;
(b) Scope for air circulating fans. The test procedure in this
section applies to all air circulating fans.
(c) Testing and calculations for fans and blowers other than air-
circulating fans. Determine the FEI, the fan electrical input power
(``FEP''), and fan shaft power (as applicable) at each duty point, as
specified by the manufacturer, using the test procedure set forth in
appendix A of this subpart.
(d) Testing and calculations for air-circulating fan. Determine the
FEI and the fan electrical input power (``FEP'') or the weighted-
average FEI and weighted-average FEP as applicable, using the test
procedure set forth in appendix B of this subpart.
0
12. Add appendix A to subpart J to part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix A to Subpart J of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for the
Measurement of Energy Consumption of Fans and Blowers Other Than Air
Circulating Fans
Note: After [date 180 days after date of publication of the
final rule], any representations made with respect to energy use or
efficiency of fans and blowers subject to testing pursuant to 10 CFR
431.174 must be made in accordance with this appendix.
0. Incorporation by reference.
In Sec. 431.173, DOE incorporated by reference the entire
standard for AMCA 214-21, AMCA 210-16, and ISO 5801:2017; however,
only enumerated provisions of those documents are applicable as
follows:
0.1. AMCA 214-21, ``Test Procedure for Calculating Fan Energy
Index for Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers'':
0.1.1. Section 2 ``References,'' as referenced in section 2.2 of
this appendix;
0.1.2. Section 3 ``Definitions'', as referenced in section 1 of
this appendix;
0.1.3. Section 4 ``Calculation of the FEI for a single duty
point'', as referenced in section 2.4 of this appendix;
0.1.4. Section 5 ``Reference Fan Electrical Power
(FEPref)'', as referenced in section 2.4 of this
appendix;
0.1.5. Section 6.1 ``Wire-to-Air Testing at the Required Duty
Point'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.6. Section 6.2 ``Calculated Ratings Based on Wire-to-Air
Testing'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.7. Section 6.3 ``Bare Shaft Fans'', as referenced in section
2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.8. Section 6.4.1.1 ``Requirements for the fan'', as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.9. Section 6.4.1.2 ``Requirements for the transmission'', as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.10. Section 6.4.1.3 ``Requirements for the motor, as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.11. Section 6.4.2 Calculation of FEPact'', as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.12. Section 6.4.2.1 ``Calculation of transmission efficiency
``trans,act)'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this
appendix;
0.1.13. Section 6.4.2.2 ``Calculation of actual motor output
power'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.14. Section 6.4.2.3 ``Motor efficiency if no VFD is
included'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.15. Section 7 ``Testing'', as referenced in section 2.2 of
this appendix;
0.1.16. Section 8.1 ``Laboratory Measurement Only'', as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.17. Section 8.2.1 ``Fan laws and other calculation methods
for shaft-to-air testing'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this
appendix;
0.1.18. Section 8.2.3 '' Calculation to other speeds and
densities for wire-to-air testing``, as referenced in section 2.2 of
this appendix;
0.1.19. Annex D ``Motor Performance Constants (Normative)'', as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.20. Annex E ``Calculation Methods for Fans Tested Shaft-to-
Air'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.21. Annex G ``Wire-to-Air Measurement--Calculation to Other
Speeds and Densities (Normative)'', as referenced in section 2.2 of
this appendix;
0.1.22. Annex J ``Other data and calculations to be retained''
as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix; and
0.1.23. Annex K ``Proportionality and Dimensional Requirements
(Normative)'' as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix.
0.2. AMCA 210-16, ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for
Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating'':
0.2.1. Section 3 ``Definitions/Units of Measure/Symbols'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
[[Page 44257]]
0.2.2. Section 4 ``Instruments and Methods of Measurement'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.3. Section 5 ``Test Setups and Equipment'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.4. Section 6 ``Observation and Conduct of Test'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.5. Section 7.1 ``Calibration Correction'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.6. Section 7.2 ``Density and Viscosity of air'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.7. Section 7.3 ``Fan Airflow Rate at Test Conditions'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix
0.2.8. Section 7.4 ``Fan Velocity Pressure at Test Conditions''
as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix
0.2.9. Section 7.5 ``Fan Total Pressure at Test Conditions'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.10. Section 7.6 ``Fan Total Static Pressure at Test
Conditions'' as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.11. Section 7.7 ``Fan Input Power at Test Conditions'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix; and
0.2.1.12. Section 7.8 ``Fan Efficiency'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix.
0.3. ISO 5801:2017, ``Fans--Performance testing using
standardized airways'':
0.3.1. Section 3 ``Terms and Definitions'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.2. Section 4 ``Symbols, Abbreviated Terms and Subscripts''
as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.3. Section 5 ``General'' as referenced in section 2.2 of
this appendix;
0.3.4. Section 6 ``Teat Configurations'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.5. Section 7 ``Test Configurations'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.6. Section 8 '' Airways for Duct Configuration'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.7. Section 9 ``Standardized Test Chambers'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.8. Section 10 ``Various Components parts for a Laboratory
Setup'' as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.9. Section 11 ``Standard Test Configurations'' as referenced
in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.10. Section 12 ``Measurements'' as referenced in section 2.2
of this appendix;
0.3.11. Section 13 ``Reference Conditions'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.3.12. Section 15 ``Calculations'' as referenced in section 2.2
of this appendix;
0.3.13. Section 16 ``fan Characteristic Curves'' as referenced
in section 2.2 of this appendix; and
0.3.14. Section 17 ``Uncertainty Analysis'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix.
In cases where there is a conflict, the language of this
appendix takes precedence over those documents. Any subsequent
amendment to a referenced document by the standard-setting
organization will not affect the test procedure in this appendix,
unless and until the test procedure is amended by DOE. Material is
incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval, and a notice
of any change in the material will be published in the Federal
Register.
1. Definitions.
The definitions applicable to this appendix are defined in Sec.
431.172 and in Section 3 ``Definitions'' of AMCA 214-21. In cases
where there is a conflict, the definitions in Sec. 431.172 take
precedence over AMCA 214-21.
2. Test procedure for fans and blowers other than air
circulating fans.
2.1. General.
This section describes the test procedure for fans and blowers
other than air circulating fans. In cases where there is a conflict,
the provisions in this appendix take precedence over AMCA 214-21.
Where AMCA 214-21 refers to Annex A ``Polyphase Regulated Motor
Efficiencies (Normative)''of AMCA 214-21, Table 5 of Sec. 431.25
must be used instead. Centrifugal Power Roof Ventilators that are
both supply and exhaust must be tested in both supply and exhaust
configurations.
2.2. Testing.
2.2.1. General.
The fan electrical input power (FEPact) in kilowatts
must be determined at every duty point specified by the manufacturer
in accordance with one of the test methods listed in Table 1, and
the following sections of AMCA 214-21: Section 2 ``References'',
Section 7 ``Testing'', included the referenced provisions to AMCA
210-16 and ISO 5801:2017 as listed in sections 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 of
this appendix, Section 8.1 ``Laboratory Measurement Only'' (as
applicable), and Annex J ``Other data and calculations to be
retained''. Section 7 of AMCA 214-21 references AMCA 210-16 and ISO
5801:2017.
Table 1 to Appendix A to Subpart J of Part 431
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Motor controller Transmission Applicable section(s)
Driver present? configuration? Test method of AMCA 214-21
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electric motor................. Yes or No........ Any.............. Wire-to-air...... 6.1 ``Wire-to-Air
Testing at the
Required Duty
Point''.
Electric motor................. Yes or No........ Any.............. Calculation based 6.2 ``Calculated
on Wire-to-air Ratings Based on Wire-
testing. to-Air Testing''
(references Section
8.2.3 ``Calculation
to other speeds and
densities for wire-to-
air testing'' and
Annex G ``Wire-to-Air
Measurement--Calculat
ion to Other Speeds
and Densities
(Normative)'').
Regulated polyphase motor...... No............... Direct drive, V- Shaft-to-air..... 6.4 ``Fans with
belt drive, Polyphase Regulated
flexible Motors ``(references
coupling or Annex D ``Motor
synchronous belt Performance Constants
drive. (Normative)'').*
None or non-electric........... No............... None............. Shaft-to-air..... Section 6.3 ``Bare
Shaft Fans''.
Regulated polyphase motor...... No............... Direct drive, V- Calculation based Section 8.2.1 ``Fan
belt drive, on Shaft-to-air laws and other
flexible testing. calculation methods
coupling or for shaft-to-air
synchronous belt testing''(references
drive. Annex D ``Motor
Performance Constants
(Normative)'', Annex
E ``Calculation
Methods for Fans
Tested Shaft-to-Air''
and Annex K
``Proportionality and
Dimensional
Requirements
(Normative)'').
None or non-electric........... No............... None............. Calculation based Section 8.2.1 ``Fan
on Shaft-to-air laws and other
testing. calculation methods
for shaft-to-air
testing'' (references
Annex E ``Calculation
Methods for Fans
Tested Shaft-to-Air''
and Annex K
``Proportionality and
Dimensional
Requirements
(Normative)'').
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Only the following section of 6.4 apply: Section 6.4.1.1 ``Requirements for the fan'', Section 6.4.1.2
``Requirements for the transmission'', Section 6.4.1.3 ``Requirements for the motor, Section 6.4.2 Calculation
of FEPact'', Section 6.4.2.1 ``Calculation of transmission efficiency (-trans,act)'', Section 6.4.2.2
``Calculation of actual motor output power'', Section 6.4.2.3 ``Motor efficiency if no VFD is included''.
In addition, the following values must be determined in
accordance with this appendix at each duty point specified by the
manufacturer: fan airflow in cubic feet per minute; fan air density;
fan total pressure in inches of water gauge for fans using a total
pressure basis FEI in accordance with the required test
configuration listed in Table 7.1 of AMCA 214-21; fan static
pressure in inches of water gauge for fans using a static pressure
basis FEI in accordance with the required test configuration listed
in Table 7.1 of AMCA 214-21; fan speed in revolutions per minute;
and fan shaft input power in horsepower for fans tested in
accordance with Section 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5 of AMCA 214-21. All
measurements must be recorded at the resolution of the test
instrumentation and calculations must be rounded to the number of
significant digits present at the resolution of the test
instrumentation.
[[Page 44258]]
In cases where there is a conflict, the provisions in AMCA 214-
21 take precedence over AMCA 210-16 and ISO 5801:2017. In addition,
the provisions in this appendix apply.
2.2.2. AMCA 210-16, Applicable Sections.
The following sections of AMCA 210-16 are applicable: Section 3
``Definitions/Units of Measure/Symbols'', Section 4 ``Instruments
and Methods of Measurement''; Section 5 ``Test Setups and
Equipment''; Section 6 ``Observation and Conduct of Test''; Section
7.1 ``Calibration Correction''; Section 7.2 ``Density and Viscosity
of air''; Section 7.3 ``Fan Airflow Rate at Test Conditions; Section
7.4 ``Fan Velocity Pressure at Test Conditions''; Section 7.5 ``Fan
Total Pressure at Test Conditions''; Section 7.6 ``Fan Total Static
Pressure at Test Conditions''; Section 7.7 ``Fan Input Power at Test
Conditions''; and Section 7.8 ``Fan Efficiency''.
2.2.3. ISO 5801:2017, Applicable Sections.
The following sections of ISO 5801:2017 are applicable: Section
3 ``Terms and Definitions''; Section 4 ``Symbols, Abbreviated Terms
and Subscripts''; ``General''; Section 6 ``Teat Configurations'';
Section 7 ``Test Configurations''; Section 8 '' Airways for Duct
Configuration''; Section 9 ``Standardized Test Chambers''; Section
10 ``Various Components parts for a Laboratory Setup''; Section 11
``Standard Test Configurations''; Section 12 ``Measurements'';
Section 13 ``Reference Conditions''; Section 15 ``Calculations'';
Section 16 ``fan Characteristic Curves''; and Section 17
``Uncertainty Analysis''.
2.2.4. Appurtenances.
This section replaces the provisions in section 7.3 of AMCA 214-
21 ``Appurtenances''. If present, any additional appurtenances sold
with the fan must be included during the test.
2.2.5. Single-Phase and Multi-Phase.
Fans and blowers rated for operation for single- or multi-phase
power supply must be tested with single- or multi-phase power
electricity, respectively.
Fans and blowers, capable of operating with single- and multi-
phase power supply, must be tested using multi-phase electricity.
2.3. Equilibrium Conditions.
The following provisions must be used to characterize steady
operation (equilibrium) as required in section 6 of AMCA 210-16.
Equilibrium is achieved if measurements are within the tolerances
specified in the Table 2. Measurements need to be determined over at
least 5 minutes, with measurements recorded on each variable at a
maximum of 5-second intervals.
Table 2 to Appendix A to Subpart J of Part 431
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable Equilibrium tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ambient air density....................... 1 percent of
mean.
Input power by reaction dynamometer....... 4 percent of
mean.
Input power by torque meter............... 4 percent of
mean.
Input power by calibrated motor........... 4 percent of
mean.
Input power by electrical meter........... 2 percent of
mean or 1 W, whichever is
greater.
Fan speed................................. 1 percent of
mean or 1 rpm, whichever is
greater.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.4. FEI Calculation.
The FEI must be determined at every duty point in accordance
with Section 4 ``Calculation of the FEI for a single duty point''
and Section 5 ``Reference Fan Electrical Power (FEPref) of AMCA 214-
21. In addition the FEI must be rounded to the nearest hundredths
place.
0
13. Add appendix B to subpart J to part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix B to Subpart J of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for the
Measurement of Energy Consumption of Air Circulating Fans
Note: After [date 180 days after date of publication of the
final rule], any representations made with respect to energy use or
efficiency of fans and blowers subject to testing pursuant to Sec.
431.174 must be made in accordance with this appendix.
0. Incorporation by reference.
In Sec. 431.173, DOE incorporated by reference the entire
standard for ANSI/AMCA Standard 214-21, and ANSI/AMCA 230-15 with
errata; however, only enumerated provisions of those documents are
applicable as follows:
0.1. AMCA 214-21, ``Test Procedure for Calculating Fan Energy
Index for Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers'':
0.1.1. Section 2 ``References,'' as referenced in section 2.2 of
this appendix;
0.1.2. Section 3 ``Definitions'', as referenced in section 1 of
this appendix;
0.1.3. Section 4 ``Calculation of the FEI for a single duty
point'', as referenced in section 2.10 of this appendix;
0.1.4. Section 5 ``Reference Fan Electrical Power
(FEPref)'', as referenced in section 2.10 of this
appendix;
0.1.5. Section 6.1 ``Wire-to-Air Testing at the Required Duty
Point'', as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.6. Table 7.1 in Section 7. ``Testing'', as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.7. Section 7.1 ``Test Configuration'', as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.8. Section 7.2 ``Setup Selection'', as referenced in section
2.2 of this appendix;
0.1.9. Section 7.4 ``Run-in Requirements'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix; and
0.1.10. Annex J ``Other data and calculations to be retained''
as referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix.
0.2. AMCA 230-15 (with errata), ``Laboratory Methods of Testing
Air Circulating Fans for Rating and Certification'' (with errata)'':
0.2.1. Section 3 ``Units of Measurement'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.2. Section 4 ``Symbols and Subscripts'' as referenced in
section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.3. Section 5 ``Definitions'' as referenced in section 2.2 of
this appendix;
0.2.4. Section 6 ``Instruments and Methods of Measurement'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.5. Section 7 ``Instruments and Methods of Measurement'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.6. Section 8 ``Observations and Conduct of Test'' as
referenced in section 2.2 of this appendix;
0.2.7. Section 9 ``Calculations'' as referenced in section 2.2
of this appendix; and
0.2.8. Section 10 ``Report and Results of Test'' as referenced
in section 2.2 of this appendix.
In cases where there is a conflict, the language of this
appendix takes precedence over those documents. Any subsequent
amendment to a referenced document by the standard-setting
organization will not affect the test procedure in this appendix,
unless and until the test procedure is amended by DOE. Material is
incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval, and a notice
of any change in the material will be published in the Federal
Register.
1. Definitions.
The definitions applicable to this appendix are defined in Sec.
431.172 and in Section 3 ``Definitions'' of AMCA 214-21. In cases
where there is a conflict, the definitions in Sec. 431.172 take
precedence over AMCA 214-21.
2. Test procedure for air circulating fans.
2.1. General.
This section describes the test procedure for air circulating
fans. In cases where there is a conflict, the provisions in this
appendix take precedence over AMCA 214-21.
2.2. Testing.
2.2.1. General.
The fan electrical input power (FEPact) in kilowatts at each
tested speed specified in section 2.6 of this appendix must be
determined in accordance with the following sections of AMCA 214-21:
Section 2 ``References'', Section 6.1 ``Wire-to-Air Testing at the
Required Duty Point'', Table 7.1 in Section 7 ``Testing'', included
the referenced provisions to AMCA 230-15 as listed in section 2.2.2
of this appendix (with errata), Section 7.1 ``Test Configuration'',
Section 7.2 ``Setup Selection'', Section 7.4 ``Run-in
Requirements'', and Annex J ``Other data and calculations to be
retained''. Section 7 of AMCA 214-21 references AMCA 230-15 (with
errata). In cases where there is a conflict, the provisions in AMCA
214-21 take precedence over AMCA 230-15 (with errata).
In addition, the following values must be determined in
accordance with this appendix, at each tested speed as specified in
section 2.6 of this appendix: fan energy index (``FEI'') in
accordance with section 2.11 of this appendix, fan electrical input
power (``FEPact'') in kilowatts; fan airflow in cubic
feet per minute; fan air density; fan total pressure in inches of
water gauge; and fan speed in revolutions per minute. In addition,
for multi- and variable-speed fans, the weighted-average FEI and FEP
in
[[Page 44259]]
accordance with sections 2.11 and 2.12 of this appendix must also be
determined. All measurements must be recorded at the resolution of
the test instrumentation and calculations must be rounded to the
number of significant digits present at the resolution of the test
instrumentation.
2.2.2. AMCA 230-15, Applicable Sections.
The following section of AMCA 230-15 are applicable: Section 3
``Units of Measurement''; Section 4 ``Symbols and Subscripts'';
Section 5 ``Definitions''; Section ``Instruments and Methods of
Measurement''; Section 7 ``Instruments and Methods of Measurement'';
Section 8 ``Observations and Conduct of Test''; Section 9
``Calculations''; and Section 10 ``Report and Results of Test''. In
addition, testing must be conducted in accordance with the
provisions in section 2.3 through 2.12 of this appendix. Further,
the terms ``electrical input power'' ``system input power'' and
``power'' shall be considered equivalent. The terms ``electrical
input voltage'', ``system input voltage ``, and ``voltage'' shall be
considered equivalent.
2.3. Test Figures and Location of Extraneous airflow
measurement.
The following test figures, described in AMCA 230-15 (with
errata) must be used to test air circulating fans: 2A, 2B1, 2B2, 3A
or 3B.
The location of extraneous airflow measurement shall be at the
center of the fan at a distance of 1.5m (5 ft) downstream of the fan
impeller.
2.4. Air circulating fans without motors.
Air circulating fans distributed in commerce without an electric
motor must be tested using an electric motor as recommended in the
manufacturer's catalogs or distributed in commerce with the air
circulating fan. If more than one motor is available in
manufacturer's catalogs or distributed in commerce with the air
circulating fan, DOE proposes requiring testing using the least
efficient motor capable of running the fan at the fan's maximum
allowable speed.
2.5. Power Supply.
2.5.1. Frequency.
Air circulating fans rated for operation with only 60Hz power
supply must be tested with 60 Hz electricity. Air circulating fans
capable of operating with 50Hz and 60Hz electricity must be tested
with 60Hz electricity.
2.5.2. Phase.
Air circulating fans rated for operation for single- or multi-
phase power supply must be tested with single- or multi-phase power
electricity, respectively.
Air circulating fans, capable of operating with single- and
multi-phase power supply, must be tested using multi-phase
electricity.
2.5.3. Voltage.
Select the supply voltage as follows:
(1) For air circulating fans tested with single-phase
electricity, the supply voltage must be (a) 120 V if the air
circulating fan's minimum rated voltage is 120 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 120 V, (b) 240 V if the air circulating fan's
minimum rated voltage is 240 V or the lowest rated voltage range
contains 240 V, or (c) the air circulating fan's minimum rated
voltage (if a voltage range is not given) or the mean of the lowest
rated voltage range, in all other cases.
(2) For air circulating fans tested with multi-phase
electricity, the supply voltage must be (a) 240 V if the air
circulating fan's minimum rated voltage is 240 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 240 V, or (b) the air circulating fan's
minimum rated voltage (if a voltage range is not given) or the mean
of the lowest rated voltage range, in all other cases.
2.6. Appurtenances.
If present, any additional appurtenances sold with the air
circulating fan must be included during the test.
If present, any additional accessories or features sold with the
air circulating fan that do not relate to the air circulating fan's
ability to create airflow (for example, misting kits) is to be
installed, but turned off during testing. If such an accessory or
feature cannot be turned off, it shall be set to the lowest energy-
consuming mode during testing. If the air circulating fan is offered
with a default controller, test using the default controller. If
multiple controllers are offered, test using the minimally
functional controller.
2.7. Equilibrium Conditions.
The following provisions must be used to characterize
equilibrium as required in Section 8 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata).
Equilibrium is achieved if measurements are within the tolerances
specified in the Table 1. Measurements need to be determined over at
least 5 minutes, with measurements recorded on each variable at a
maximum of 5 second intervals.
Table 1 to Appendix B to Subpart J of Part 431
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable Equilibrium tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculated air density.................... 1 percent of
mean.
System input voltage...................... 2 percent of
mean.
System input current...................... 2 percent of
mean.
System input power........................ 2 percent of
mean or 1 W, whichever is
greater.
Fan speed................................. 1 percent of
mean or 1 rpm, whichever is
greater.
Load...................................... 1 percent of
mean.
Load differential......................... 1 percent of
mean.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.8. Extraneous Airflow.
This section replaces Section 8.1.2 of AMCA 230-15 (with errata)
``Extraneous airflow.''
Air velocity in the test room not generated by the air
circulating fan must not exceed 0.25 m/s (50 fpm) prior to, before
and after the test. Velocity measurements must be taken to ensure
that this condition is met as follows:
(1) At least one minute prior to establishing equilibrium; and
(2) For at least one minute at the conclusion of the test, with
measurements recorded at a maximum of 5 second intervals. A test is
considered to be concluded at the instant the blades are no longer
spinning.
2.9. Test speed.
Select the test speed(s) as follows:
(1) For single speed fans, performance data shall be captured
and reported for the single available speed;
(2) For multi-speed fans with discrete speeds, performance data
shall be captured and reported at each available speeds;
(3) For variable-speed fans with continuously adjustable speeds,
performance data shall be captured and reported at 20, 40, 60, 80
and 100 percent of the fan's maximum speed. If the fan's minimum
speed is greater 20 percent of the maximum speed the performance
data must be captured and reported at five speeds evenly spaced
within the available speed range, including at the fan's minimum and
maximum speed.
2.10. Total Pressure Calculations.
The fan total pressure at a given airflow must be calculated
according to the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.011
Where:
A = air circulating fan outlet area (square feet),
Pt,i = Fan total pressure at duty point i (inches of water gauge),
Qi = Airflow at duty point i (cubic feet per minute),
[rho] = Fan air density (Pound Mass Per Cubic Foot).
2.11. FEI and Weighted-average FEI Calculation.
The FEI must be determined at every test specified in section
2.6 of this appendix, in accordance with Section 4 ``Calculation of
the FEI for a single duty point'' and Section 5 ``Reference Fan
Electrical Power (FEPref)'' of AMCA 214-21. In addition, the values
of Q0, P0, and [eta]0 in Section
5.1.1. of AMCA 214-21 must be replaced by the following values:
Q0 = 3,210, P0 = 0, and
[eta]0=0.38.
FEI values must be rounded to the nearest hundredths place.
For single speed fans, determine the FEI at the single available
speed. For multi-speed and variable speed fans, calculate the
weighted-average FEI as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.012
[[Page 44260]]
Where: n is the number of speeds as specified in section 2.6 of
this appendix and FEIi is the FEI at the ith tested
speed.
2.12. FEPact and Weighted-Average FEPact Calculation.
For single speed fans, determine the FEPact at the
single available speed.
For multi-speed and variable speed fans, calculate the weighted-
average FEPact (in kW) as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP25JY22.013
Where: n is the number of speeds as specified in section 2.6 of
this appendix and is the FEPact,i is the FEPact at the
ith tested speed.
[FR Doc. 2022-13897 Filed 7-22-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P