[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 136 (Monday, July 18, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 42636-42642]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-15398]


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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

U.S. Customs and Border Protection

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

19 CFR Part 12

[CBP Dec. 22-15]
RIN 1515-AE74


Extension and Amendment of Import Restrictions on Archaeological 
and Ethnological Material From Cyprus

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland 
Security; Department of the Treasury.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This document amends the U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
(CBP) regulations to reflect an extension and amendment of import 
restrictions on Pre-Classical and Classical archaeological objects, and 
Byzantine and Post-Byzantine ecclesiastical and ritual ethnological 
materials of the Republic of Cyprus. To fulfill the terms of the new 
agreement, titled ``Agreement Between the Government of the United 
States of America and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus 
Concerning the Imposition of Import Restrictions on Categories of 
Archaeological and Ethnological Material of the Republic of Cyprus'', 
the Designated List, which was last described in CBP-Dec. 12-13, is 
amended in this document to reflect additional categories of 
archaeological

[[Page 42637]]

material from an extended date range from the end of the Classical 
Period to A.D. 1770 and additional categories of ethnological material 
including architectural material, documents and manuscripts, 
traditional clothing, and emblems of the state.

DATES: Effective July 14, 2022.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For legal aspects, W. Richmond 
Beevers, Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and Restricted Merchandise 
Branch, Regulations and Rulings, Office of Trade, (202) 325-0084, [email protected]. For operational aspects, Julie L. 
Stoeber, Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and Programs, Office of 
Trade, (202) 945-7064, [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    Pursuant to the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act, 
Public Law 97-446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq., which implements the 1970 
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 
(UNESCO) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the 
Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 
(823 U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)), the United States entered into a bilateral 
agreement with the Republic of Cyprus (``Cyprus'') on July 16, 2002, 
concerning the imposition of import restrictions on certain 
archaeological materials representing the Pre-Classical and Classical 
periods of Cyprus, ranging in date from approximately the 8th 
Millennium B.C. to approximately A.D. 330 (``the 2002 Agreement'').
    On July 19, 2002, the former U.S. Customs Service (U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection's predecessor agency) published Treasury Decision 
(T.D.) 02-37 in the Federal Register (67 FR 47447), which amended Sec.  
12.104g(a) of title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR 
12.104g(a)) to reflect the imposition of these restrictions and 
included a list designating the types of archaeological and 
ethnological material covered by the restrictions.
    Import restrictions listed at 19 CFR 12.104g(a) are effective for 
no more than five years beginning on the date on which the agreement 
enters into force with respect to the United States. This period may be 
extended for additional periods of no more than five years if it is 
determined that the factors which justified the agreement still pertain 
and no cause for suspension of the agreement exists. See 19 CFR 
12.104g(a).
    Since the initial final rule was published on July 19, 2002, the 
import restrictions were subsequently extended and/or amended five (5) 
times. First, on August 17, 2006, the Republic of Cyprus and the United 
States amended the 2002 Agreement (covering Pre-Classical and Classical 
archeological materials) to include Byzantine ecclesiastical and ritual 
ethnological materials dating from approximately the 4th century A.D. 
through approximately the 15th century A.D. that had been (and, at that 
time, were still) protected pursuant to an emergency action which was 
published in the Federal Register (64 FR 17529) on April 12, 1999. The 
amendment of the 2002 Agreement to cover both the archaeological 
materials and the ethnological materials was reflected in CBP Dec. 06-
22, which was published in the Federal Register (71 FR 51724) on August 
31, 2006. CBP Dec. 06-22 contained the list of Byzantine ecclesiastical 
and ritual ethnological materials from Cyprus previously protected 
pursuant to the emergency action and announced that import 
restrictions, as of August 31, 2006, were imposed on this cultural 
property pursuant to the amended Agreement (19 U.S.C. 2603(c)(4)). 
Thus, as of that date, the import restrictions covering materials 
described in CBP Dec. 06-22 were set to be effective through July 15, 
2007.
    Second, on July 13, 2007, following the exchange of diplomatic 
notes, CBP published a final rule (CBP Dec. 07-52) in the Federal 
Register (72 FR 38470) to extend the import restrictions for an 
additional five-year period.
    Third, on July 13, 2012, following the exchange of diplomatic 
notes, CBP published a final rule (CBP Dec. 12-13) in the Federal 
Register (77 FR 41266) amending CBP regulations to reflect the 
extension of import restrictions for an additional five-year period and 
also to cover Post-Byzantine ecclesiastical and ritual ethnological 
materials of Cyprus ranging from approximately A.D. 1500 to 
approximately A.D. 1850.
    Fourth, on August 1, 2012, CBP published a correcting amendment to 
CBP Dec. 12-13 in the Federal Register (77 FR 45479), because the 
amended Designated List and the regulatory text in the July 13, 2012 
document contained language which was inadvertently inconsistent with 
the remainder of the document as to the historical period that the 
import restrictions cover for ecclesiastical and ritual ethnological 
materials from Cyprus.
    Fifth and lastly, on July 14, 2017, following the exchange of 
diplomatic notes, CBP published a final rule (CBP Dec. 17-07) in the 
Federal Register (82 FR 32452) to extend the import restrictions for an 
additional five-year period through July 15, 2022.
    On September 13, 2021, the United States Department of State 
proposed in the Federal Register (86 FR 50931) to extend and amend the 
agreement between the United States and Cyprus concerning the import 
restrictions on certain categories of archaeological and ethnological 
material from Cyprus. On April, 1, 2022, after consultation with and 
recommendations by the Cultural Property Advisory Committee, the 
Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs, United States 
Department of State, determined that: (1) the cultural heritage of 
Cyprus continues to be in jeopardy from pillage of certain 
archeological and ethnological material currently covered and that the 
import restrictions should be extended for an additional five years; 
and (2) the cultural heritage of Cyprus is in jeopardy from pillage of 
additional categories of archaeological material dating from the end of 
the Classical Period to A.D. 1770 and additional categories of 
ethnological material including architectural material, documents and 
manuscripts, traditional clothing, and emblems of the state, and that 
import restrictions on such types of archaeological and ethnological 
material should be imposed. Pursuant to the new agreement, the existing 
import restrictions will remain in effect for an additional five years 
through July 13, 2027, along with the imposition of additional import 
restrictions on new categories of archaeological and ethnological 
material, which will also be effective for a five-year period through 
July 13, 2027.
    Accordingly, CBP is amending 19 CFR 12.104g(a) to reflect the 
extension of the import restrictions and amending the Designated List 
of cultural property described in CBP Dec. 12-13 with the addition of 
new categories of archaeological and ethnological material. The 
restrictions on the importation of archaeological material and 
ethnological material continue to be in effect through July 13, 2027. 
Importation of such material from Cyprus continues to be restricted 
through that date unless the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. 2606 and 
19 CFR 12.104c are met.
    The Designated List and additional information may also be found at 
the following website address: https://eca.state.gov/cultural-heritage-center/cultural-property-advisory-committee/current-import-restrictions 
by selecting the material for ``Cyprus.''

[[Page 42638]]

Designated List of Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Cyrus

    The Designated List contained in CBP Dec. 12-13, which describes 
the types of articles to which the import restrictions apply, is 
amended to reflect the inclusion of additional categories of 
archaeological and ethnological material in the Designated List. In 
order to clarify certain provisions of the Designated List contained in 
CBP Dec. 12-13, the amendment also includes minor revisions to the 
language and numbering of the Designated List. For the reader's 
convenience, CBP is reproducing the Designated List contained in CBP 
Dec. 12-13 in its entirety, with the changes, below.
    The Designated List includes archaeological material from Cyprus 
ranging in date from approximately the 11th millennium B.C. to A.D. 
1770, and ethnological material from Cyprus ranging in date from 
approximately the 4th century A.D. to A.D. 1878.

Categories of Archaeological and Ethnological Material

I. Archaeological Material
    A. Ceramic
    B. Stone
    C. Metal
    D. Glass, Faience, and Enamel
    E. Ivory, Bone, Shell, Wood, and Other Organics
II. Ethnological Material
    A. Ecclesiastical Ritual and Ceremonial Objects
    B. Emblems of the State
    C. Structural and Decorative Architectural Material
    D. Documents and Manuscripts
    E. Traditional Clothing and Textiles

I. Archaeological Material

    Archaeological material includes categories of objects ranging in 
date from approximately the 11th millennium B.C. to A.D. 1770.

A. Ceramic

    1. Vessels.
    a. Neolithic and Chalcolithic (c. 8800-2300 B.C.)--Bowls and jars, 
including spouted vessels. Varieties include Combed ware, Black 
Lustrous ware, Red Lustrous ware, and Red-on-White painted ware. 
Approximately 10-24 cm in height.
    b. Early Bronze Age (c. 2300-1850 B.C.)--Forms are hand-made and 
include bowls, jugs, juglets, jars, and specialized forms, such as 
askoi, pyxides, gourd-shape, multiple-body vessels, and vessels with 
figurines attached. Cut-away spouts, multiple spouts, basket handles, 
and round bases commonly occur. Incised, punctured, molded, and applied 
ornament, as well as polishing and slip, are included in the range of 
decorative techniques. Approximately 13-60 cm in height.
    c. Middle Bronze Age (c. 1850-1550 B.C.)--Forms are hand-made and 
include bowls, jugs, juglets, jars, zoomorphic askoi, bottles, 
amphorae, and amphoriskoi. Some have multiple spouts and basket or 
ribbon handles. Decorative techniques include red and brown paint, 
incised or applied decoration, and polishing. Varieties include Red 
Polished ware, White Painted ware, Black Slip ware, Red Slip ware, and 
Red-on-Black ware. Approximately 4-25 cm in height.
    d. Late Bronze Age (c. 1550-1050 B.C.)--Forms include bowls, jars, 
lamps, jugs and juglets, tankards, rhyta, bottles, kraters, alabastra, 
stemmed cups, cups, stirrup jars, amphorae, and amphoriskoi. A wide 
variety of spouts, handles, and bases are common. Zoomorphic vessels 
also occur. Decorative techniques include painted design in red or 
brown, polishing, and punctured or incised decoration. Varieties 
include White Slip, Base Ring ware, White Shaved ware, Red Lustrous 
ware, Bichrome Wheel-made ware, and Proto-White Painted ware. Some 
examples of local or imported Mycenaean Late Helladic III have also 
been found. Approximately 5-50 cm in height.
    e. Cypro-Geometric I-III (c. 1050-750 B.C.)--Forms include bowls, 
lamps, jugs, juglets, jars, cups, skyphoi, amphorae, amphoriskos, and 
tripods. A variety of spouts, handles and base forms are used. 
Decorative techniques include paint in dark brown and red, ribbing, 
polish, and applied projections. Varieties include White Painted I-III 
wares, Black Slip I-III wares, Bichrome II-III wares, and Black-on-Red 
ware. Approximately 7-30 cm in height.
    f. Cypro-Archaic I-II (c. 750-475 B.C.)--Forms include bowls, 
lamps, plates, jugs and juglets, cups, kraters, amphoriskoi, oinochoai, 
and amphorae. Many of the forms are painted with bands, lines, 
concentric circles, and other geometric and floral patterns. Animal 
designs occur in the Free Field style. Molded decoration in the form of 
female figurines may also be applied. Red and dark brown paint is used 
on Bichrome ware. Black paint on a red polished surface is common on 
Black-on-Red ware. Other varieties include Bichrome Red, Polychrome 
Red, and Plain White. Approximately 12-45 cm in height.
    g. Cypro-Classical I-II (c. 475-325 B.C.)--Forms include bowls, 
shallow dishes, lamps, jugs and juglets, oinochoai, and amphorae. The 
use of painted decoration in red and brown, as well as blue/green and 
black continues. Some vessels have molded female figurines applied. 
Decorative designs include floral and geometric patterns. Burnishing 
also occurs. Varieties include Polychrome Red, Black-on-Red, Polychrome 
Red, Stroke Burnished, and White Painted wares. Approximately 6-40 cm 
in height.
    h. Hellenistic (c. 325 B.C.-50 B.C.)--Forms include bowls, dishes, 
cups, unguentaria, lamps, jugs and juglets, pyxides, amphorae, pithoi, 
and cooking pots. Most of the ceramic vessels of the period are 
undecorated. Those that are decorated use red, brown, or white paint in 
simple geometric patterns. Ribbing is also a common decorative 
technique. Some floral patterns are also used. Varieties include Glazed 
Painted ware and Glazed ware. Imports include Eastern Sigillata and 
``Megarian'' mould-made relief bowls. Approximately 5-25 cm in height.
    i. Roman (c. 50 B.C.-A.D. 330)--Forms include bowls, dishes, cups, 
lamps, jugs and juglets, unguentaria, amphorae, and cooking pots. 
Decorative techniques include incision, embossing, molded decoration, 
grooved decoration, and paint. Varieties include Terra Sigillata and 
Glazed and Green Glazed wares. Approximately 5-55 cm in height.
    j. Byzantine and Medieval Frankish, Lusignan, and Venetian (c. A.D. 
330-1570)--Forms include undecorated plain wares, utilitarian, 
tableware, serving and storage jars, lamps, special shapes such as 
pilgrim flasks, and can be matte painted or glazed, including incised 
``sgraffitto'' and stamped with elaborate polychrome decorations using 
floral, geometric, human, and animal motifs.
    k. Ottoman (c. A.D. 1570-1770)--Early examples include green and 
turquoise vessels that may be in the vessel shapes mentioned above. In 
addition, this type includes inkstands, chalices, lamps, rose water 
flasks, censers, incense cases, kitchenware, and tableware. Sizes and 
shapes are varied; colors include blue-white, red, blue, yellow, 
purple, and green and may include floral or other painted or inscribed 
decorations.
    2. Sculpture.
    a. Terracotta Figurines (Small Statuettes).
    i. Neolithic to Late Bronze Age (c. 8800-1050 B.C.)--Figurines are 
small, hand-made, and schematic in form. Most represent female figures, 
often standing and sometimes seated and giving birth or cradling an 
infant. Features and attributes are marked with incisions or paint. 
Figurines occur in Red-on-White ware, Red Polished ware,

[[Page 42639]]

Red-Drab Polished ware, and Base Ring ware. Approximately 10-25 cm in 
height.
    ii. Cypro-Geometric to Cypro-Archaic (c. 1050-475 B.C.)--Figurines 
show a greater diversity of form than earlier figurines. Female 
figurines are still common, but forms also include male horse-and-rider 
figurines; warrior figures; animals such as birds, bulls and pigs; 
tubular figurines; boat models; and human masks. In the Cypro-Archaic 
period, terra cotta models illustrate a variety of daily activities, 
including the process of making pottery and grinding grain. Other 
examples include musicians and men in chariots. Approximately 7-19 cm 
in height.
    iii. Cypro-Classical to Roman (c. 475 B.C.-A.D. 330)--Figurines 
mirror the classical tradition of Greece and Roman. Types include 
draped women, nude youths, and winged figures. Approximately 9-20 cm in 
height.
    b. Large Scale Terracotta Figurines--Dating to the Cypro-Archaic 
period (c. 750-475 B.C.), full figures about half life-size, are 
commonly found in sanctuaries. Illustrated examples include the head of 
a woman decorated with rosettes and a bearded male with spiral-
decorated helmet. Approximately 50-150 cm in height.
    c. Funerary Statuettes--Dating to the Cypro-Classical period (c. 
475-325 B.C.), these illustrate both male and female figures draped, 
often seated, as expressions of mourning. Approximately 25-50 cm in 
height.
    d. Architectural Elements--Baked clay (terracotta) elements used to 
decorate buildings, these elements include tiles, acroteria, antefixes, 
painted and relief plaques, metopes, cornices, roof tiles, pipes, and 
revetments, as well as wall and floor decorations in plaster. This 
category also includes wall brackets and wall-mounted lamps.
    3. Inscriptions--Writing on clay either fired or unfired from the 
Late Bronze Age to the Ottoman period. These include inscribed tablets, 
weights, clay balls, inscribed handles, sling bullets, or parts of 
ceramic vessels.
    4. Seals--Dating from the Neolithic (7500 B.C.) through the Ottoman 
period, conical seals, scarabs, cylinder seals, and bread stamps are 
incised with geometric decoration, pictorial scenes, and inscriptions. 
Approximately 2-12 cm in height.
    5. Loom Weights and Spindle Whorls--From the early Bronze Age 
through the Ottoman period, shapes include conical, pyramidal, disc or 
rings. These can be stamped, incised, or glazed.
    6. Sarcophagi--From the Archaic to the Medieval period. Some have 
figural scenes painted on them, others have figural scenes carved in 
relief, and some just have decorative moldings. Approximate date: c. 
700 B.C. to A.D. 1500.
    7. Pipes--Clay smoking pipes from the Medieval and Ottoman periods, 
including partial pipes such as stems and bowls.

B. Stone

    1. Vessels--Ground stone vessels occur from the Epipaleolithic to 
the Ottoman period (c. 11,000 B.C.-A.D. 1770). Early vessels are from 
various stones including diabase, basalt, limestone, alabaster, marble, 
or other stone. Most are bowl-shaped; some are trough-shaped with 
spouts and handles. Neolithic vessels often have incised or perforated 
decoration. Late Bronze Age vessels include amphoriskoi and kraters 
with handles. Sometimes these have incised decoration. Alabaster was 
also used for stone vessels in the Late Bronze Age and Hellenistic 
period. In the latter period, stone vessels are produced in the same 
shapes as ceramic vessels: amphorae, unguentaria, etc. Approximately 
10-30 cm in height.
    2. Sculpture.
    a. Neolithic to Late Bronze Age (c. 8800-1250 B.C.)--Forms include 
small scale human heads, fiddle-shaped human figures, steatopygous 
female figures, anthropomorphic cruciform figurines with incised 
decoration, and animal figures. Diabase, limestone, and picrolite are 
commonly used in these periods. Approximately 5-30 cm in height.
    b. Cypro-Geometric to Cypro-Classical (c. 1050-325 B.C.)--Small 
scale to life-size human figures, whole and fragments, in limestone and 
marble, are similar to the Classical tradition in local styles. 
Examples include the limestone head of a youth in Neo-Cypriote style, 
votive female figures in Proto-Cypriot style, a kouros in Archaic Greek 
style, statues and statuettes representing Classical gods such as Zeus 
and Aphrodite, as well as portrait heads of the Greek and Roman 
periods. Approximately 10-200 cm in height.
    c. Later Period Statuary (c. 325 B.C.-A.D. 1770)--Both large and 
small, in marble, limestone, sandstone, and other stone. Subject matter 
includes human, animal, and mythological figures and groups of figures 
in the round, in relief, or as inlay, as well as floral, vegetal and 
abstract elements, including fragments of statues.
    3. Architectural Elements--Sculpted stone building elements occur 
from the 12th century B.C. through the Ottoman period. These include 
columns and column capitals, relief decoration, chancel panels, window 
frames, revetments, offering tables, coats of arms, and gargoyles. 
These include parts from funerary, religious, domestic, or 
administrative buildings or structures in different kinds of stone 
(e.g., limestone and marble).
    4. Seals--Dating from the Neolithic (7500 B.C.) through the Ottoman 
period, conical seals, scarabs, cylinder seals, and bread stamps are 
incised with geometric decoration, pictorial scenes, and inscriptions. 
Approximately 2-12 cm in height.
    5. Amulets, Pendants, and Beads--Dating from the Epipaleolithic up 
to A.D. 1770 and made from different types of stone (e.g., picrolite). 
Approximately 4-5 cm in length.
    6. Inscriptions--Inscribed stone materials date from the 6th 
century B.C. through A.D. 1770. Funerary and votive plaques and stelae, 
mosaic floors, and building plaques were inscribed. This category also 
includes inscribed tombstones or other funerary or religious monuments, 
milestones, etc.
    7. Funerary Stelae (Uninscribed) and Sarcophagi--From the Archaic 
to the Ottoman period, marble, limestone, and other stone sculptural 
monuments have relief decoration of animals or human figures seated or 
standing. Stone coffins also have relief decoration. Approximately 50-
155 cm in height.
    8. Floor Mosaics--Floor mosaics date as early as the 4th century 
B.C. in domestic and public contexts and continue to be produced 
through the 3rd century A.D. Examples include the mosaics at Nea 
Paphos, Kourion, and Kouklia.
    9. Tools and Weapons--Starting in the Epipaleolithic, this category 
includes flint, obsidian, and other hard stones. Chipped stone types 
include blades, small blades, borers, scrapers, sickles, cores, arrow 
heads, and spindle whorls. Ground stone types include grinders (e.g., 
mortars, pestles, millstones, whetstones), choppers, axes, hammers, and 
mace heads. This category also includes tools such as loom weights and 
spindle whorls.

C. Metal

    1. Copper/Bronze.
    a. Vessels and Utensils--Dating from the Bronze Age (c. 2300 B.C.) 
through A.D. 1770, bronze vessel forms include bowls, cups, amphorae, 
jugs, juglets, pyxides, dippers, lamp stands, dishes, and plates. 
Approximately 4-30 cm in height.
    b. Bronze Stands--Dating from the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550 B.C.) 
through the end of the Classical period (c. 325

[[Page 42640]]

B.C.), are bronze stands with animal and other decoration.
    c. Sculpture--Dating from the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550) to the end 
of the Hellenistic period (c. 50 B.C.), small figural sculpture 
includes human forms with attached attributes such as spears or 
goblets, animal figures, animal- and vessel-shaped weights, and 
Classical representations of gods and mythological figures. This 
category also includes statuettes and statues of votive or religious 
nature. Approximately 5-25 cm in height.
    d. Jewelry and Personal Objects--Dating from the Early Bronze Age 
(c. 2300 B.C.) to the end of the Roman period (A.D. 330), forms include 
toggle pins, straight pins, fibulae, and mirrors.
    2. Silver.
    a. Vessels--Dating from the Bronze Age (c. 2300 B.C.) through the 
end of the Roman period (A.D. 330), forms include bowls, dishes, coffee 
services, and ceremonial objects such as incense burners. These are 
often decorated with molded or incised geometric motifs or figural 
scenes.
    b. Jewelry and Personal Objects--Starting from the Late Bronze Age 
(c. 2300 B.C.), forms include fibulae, rings, bracelets, and spoons.
    3. Gold Jewelry and Personal Objects--Gold jewelry has been found 
on Cyprus starting in the Early Bronze Age (c. 2300 B.C.). Items 
include hair ornaments, bands, wreaths, frontlets, pectorals, earrings, 
necklaces, rings, pendants, plaques, beads, and bracelets.
    4. Coins of Cypriot Types.
    Coins of Cypriot types made of gold, silver, and bronze including 
but not limited to:
    a. Issues of the ancient kingdoms of Amathus, Kition, Kourion, 
Idalion, Lapethos, Marion, Paphos, Soli, and Salamis dating from the 
end of the 6th century B.C. to 332 B.C.
    b. Issues of the Hellenistic period, such as those of Paphos, 
Salamis, and Kition from 332 B.C. to c. 30 B.C.
    c. Provincial and local issues of the Roman period from c. 30 B.C. 
to A.D. 235. Often these have a bust or head on one side and the image 
of a temple (the Temple of Aphrodite at Palaipaphos) or statue (statue 
of Zeus Salaminios) on the other.
    d. Byzantine, Medieval Frankish, Lusignan, Venetian, and Ottoman 
types that circulated primarily in Cyprus, ranging in date from A.D. 
235 to 1770. Coins were made in copper, bronze, silver, and gold. 
Examples are generally round, have writing, and show imagery of 
animals, buildings, symbols, or royal or imperial figures.
    5. Tools--In copper, bronze, iron, silver, gold, and lead. Types 
include hooks, weights, ingots, axes, scrapers (strigils), trowels, 
keys; the tools of craftspersons such as carpenters, masons and metal 
smiths; and medical tools such as needles, spoons, lancets, and 
forceps.
    6. Seals and Tokens--In lead, tin, copper, bronze, silver, and 
gold. Types include rings, amulets, and seals with shank.
    7. Weapons and Armor--In copper, bronze, iron, and lead. Types 
include both launching weapons (spears and javelins) and weapons for 
hand-to-hand combat (swords, daggers, etc.). Armor includes body armor, 
such as helmets, cuirasses, shin guards, and shields, and horse armor 
often decorated with elaborate engraved, embossed, or perforated 
designs.
    8. Vessels--In bronze, gold, and silver. These may belong to 
conventional shapes such as bowls, cups, jars, jugs, strainers, 
cauldrons, and lamps, or may occur in the shape of an animal or part of 
an animal.

D. Glass, Faience, and Enamel

    1. Vessels--Shapes include small jars, lamps, bowls, animal shaped, 
goblet, spherical, candle holders, and perfume jars (unguentaria).
    2. Beads, Seals, and Spindle Whorls--Globular and relief beads, 
other jewelry, seals, and spindle whorls.
    3. Small Statuary--Includes human and animal figures in the round, 
scarabs, and other imitations of eastern themes. These range from 
approximately 3 to 20 cm in height.

E. Ivory, Bone, Shell, Wood, and Other Organics

    1. Small Statuary and Figurines--Usually in ivory or wood. Subject 
matter includes human and animal figures and groups of figures in the 
round or as part of composite objects. These range from approximately 
10 cm to 1 m in height.
    2. Personal Ornaments--In bone, ivory, and shell. Types include 
amulets, combs, pins, spoons, small containers, necklaces, bracelets, 
buckles, and beads.
    3. Seals and Stamps--Small devices usually in ivory with at least 
one side engraved with a design for stamping or sealing; they can be 
discoid, cuboid, conoid, or in the shape of animals or fantastic 
creatures (e.g., a scarab).
    4. Tools--Including needles, handles, spatulae, and spindle whorls.
    5. Vessels--Often decorated with an incised scene (e.g., geometric, 
animal, human, etc.), and including boxes and lids.
    6. Furniture--Bone and ivory furniture inlays and veneers.
    7. Ships and Vehicles--This includes whole ships and vehicles or 
pieces used in composing a ship, chariot, or other vehicle; typically 
in wood.

II. Ethnological Material

    Ethnological material covered by the agreement includes 
ecclesiastical ritual and ceremonial objects, emblems of the state, 
structural and decorative architectural material, documents and 
manuscripts, and traditional clothing that contribute to the knowledge 
of the origins, development, and history of the Cypriot people. This 
includes objects from the 4th century A.D. starting in the Byzantine 
Period and ending in A.D. 1878 with the British Protectorate.

A. Ecclesiastical Ritual and Ceremonial Objects

    1. Metal.
    a. Bronze--Ceremonial objects include icons, small figural 
sculpture, crosses, censers (incense burners), rings, and buckles for 
ecclesiastical garments. The objects may be decorated with engraved or 
modeled designs or Greek inscriptions. Crosses, rings and buckles are 
often set with semi-precious stones.
    b. Lead--Lead objects include ampulla (small bottle-shaped forms) 
used in religious observance.
    c. Silver and Gold--Ceremonial vessels and objects used in ritual 
and as components of church treasure. Ceremonial objects include icons, 
censers (incense burners), book covers, liturgical crosses, 
archbishop's crowns, buckles, and chests including reliquaries. These 
are often decorated with molded or incised geometric motifs or scenes 
from the Bible, and encrusted with semi-precious or precious stones. 
The gems themselves may be engraved with religious figures or 
inscriptions. Church treasure may include all of the above, as well as 
rings, earrings, and necklaces (some decorated with ecclesiastical 
themes) and other implements (e.g., spoons).
    2. Wood--Artifacts made of wood are primarily those intended for 
ritual or ecclesiastical use. These include painted icons, painted wood 
screens (iconostases), carved doors, crosses, painted wooden beams from 
churches or monasteries, thrones, chests including reliquaries, and 
musical instruments. Religious figures (Christ, the Apostles, the 
Virgin, and others) predominate in the painted and carved figural 
decoration. Ecclesiastical furniture and architectural elements may 
also be decorated with geometric or floral designs.
    3. Ivory and Bone--Ecclesiastical and ritual objects of ivory and 
bone boxes, plaques, pendants, candelabra, stamp rings, crosses, and 
relics. Carved and engraved decoration includes religious

[[Page 42641]]

figures, scenes from the Bible, and floral and geometric designs.
    4. Glass--Ecclesiastical objects such as lamps and ritual vessels.
    5. Textiles and Ritual Garments--Ecclesiastical garments and other 
ritual textiles. Robes, vestments and altar clothes are often of a fine 
fabric and richly embroidered in silver and gold. Embroidered designs 
include religious motifs and floral and geometric designs.
    6. Stone.
    a. Wall Mosaics--Wall mosaics are found in ecclesiastical 
buildings. These generally portray images of Christ, Archangels, the 
Apostles, and Saints in scenes of Biblical events. Surrounding panels 
may contain animal, floral, or geometric designs.
    b. Floor Mosaics--Floor mosaics from ecclesiastical contexts. 
Examples include the mosaics at Nea Paphos, Kourion, Kouklia, 
Chrysopolitissa Basilica and Campanopetra Basilica. Floor mosaics may 
have animal, floral, geometric designs, or inscriptions.
    7. Funerary Objects--This category includes objects related to 
funerary rites and burials in all materials. Examples of funerary 
objects include, but are not limited to, the following objects:
    a. Sepulchers--Sepulchers are repositories for remains of the dead, 
primarily in stone (usually limestone or marble), but also in metal and 
wood. Types of burial containers include sarcophagi, caskets, coffins, 
and urns. These may also have associated sculpture in relief or in the 
round. May be plain or have figural, geometric, or floral motifs either 
painted or carved in relief. May also contain human or animal remains.
    b. Inscriptions, Memorial Stones, Epitaphs, and Tombstones--This 
category includes inscribed funerary objects, primarily slabs in 
limestone, marble, and ceramic; engraved in a variety of languages and 
scripts. These may also have associated sculpture in relief or in the 
round.
    8. Frescoes/Wall Paintings--Wall paintings from religious 
structures (churches, monasteries, chapels, etc.). Like the mosaics, 
wall paintings generally portray images of Christ, Archangels, the 
Apostles, and Saints in scenes of Biblical events. Surrounding 
paintings may contain animal, floral, or geometric designs.

B. Emblems of the State

    This category includes items that provide information on periods of 
social and political history of the people of Cyprus from the Byzantine 
Period through the end of the Ottoman Period that may be absent from 
written records.
    1. Clothing--Ceremonial garments, clothing emblematic of imperial, 
court, or government position, and other accessories thereof such as 
shoes, headdresses and hats, belts, and jewelry.
    2. Weapons and Armor.
    a. Weapons--These are often in iron, steel, or other metal. This 
category includes arrows, daggers, swords, saifs, scimitars, other 
blades with or without sheaths, spears, and pre-industrial firearms and 
cannon; may be for use in combat or ceremonial. May be inlaid with 
gemstones, embellished with silver or gold, or engraved with floral or 
geometric motifs. Grips or hilts may be made of metal, wood, or semi-
precious stones such as agate, or bound with leather.
    b. Armor--Armor may consist of small metal scales, originally sewn 
to a backing of textile or leather. This type also includes helmets, 
body armor, shields, and horse armor. Other objects may be made of 
leather, including archer's bags, shields, and masks.
    c. Auxiliary Objects and Vehicles--Powder horns and belts; military 
standards; and boats, chariots, or other means of official or military 
transportation, and parts thereof.
    3. Ceremonial Objects and Containers--Objects of imperial, court, 
or government office such as scepters, staffs, insignia, relics, and 
monumental boxes, trays, and containers.
    4. Stamps, Seals, and Writing Instruments--Stamps, seals including 
seal rings, and writing implements for official use by the state.
    5. Wall Hangings and Flags--Often in silk or linen, tapestries, 
wall hangings, and other representations and emblems of the imperial 
court; flags, banners, flagstaffs, and finials.
    6. Musical Instruments--This category includes instruments 
important for state ceremonies, such as drums of various sizes in 
leather, metal instruments, such as cymbals and trumpets, and wooden 
instruments.

C. Structural and Decorative Architectural Material

    This category includes architectural elements and decoration from 
religious and public buildings. These buildings are comparatively rare 
due to the combination of historical influences on the island of 
Cyprus, including successive cycles of Arab and Byzantine conquest, 
occupation during the Medieval Crusades, and a period of Ottoman 
influence.
    1. Structural Material--Usually in stone, plaster, metal, or wood, 
including blocks; columns, capitals, bases, lintels, jambs, friezes, 
and pilasters; panels, doors, door frames, and window fittings; altars, 
prayer niches (mihrab), screens, iconostasis, fountains, ceilings, tent 
poles, and carved and molded brick.
    2. Relief and Inlay Sculpture--Usually in stone or plaster, 
includes relief and inlay sculpture such as appliques and plaques that 
may have been part of a building. May be plain, molded, carved, or 
inscribed. Decorative motifs may be incised or in high relief.
    3. Other Decorative Material--In stone, metal, wood, glass, and 
plaster. Metal elements are primarily in copper, brass, lead, and 
alloys, and may include doors, door fixtures, lathes, finials, 
chandeliers, screens, and sheets to protect domes. Glass elements 
include windows and mosaic tesserae in floors, walls, and ceilings.

D. Documents and Manuscripts

    This category includes written records of religious, political, or 
scientific importance, including, but not limited to, the following:
    1. Works on Papyrus, Parchment, Paper, or Leather--Papyrus 
documents are often rolled and/or fragmentary. Parchment and paper 
documents may be single leaves or bound as scrolls or books. Works on 
paper and parchment may have illustrations or illuminated paintings 
with gold or other colors. There are also examples of religious and/or 
rare books written on leather pages.
    2. Containers and Covers--Boxes for books or scrolls made of wood 
or other organic materials, and book or manuscript covers made of 
leather, textile, or metal.

E. Traditional Clothing and Textiles

    Traditional Cypriot clothing and textiles were signifiers of 
identity, social status, and culture, providing information about the 
multiple religious and ethnic populations in Cyprus from the Byzantine 
through Ottoman periods which may be absent from written records as 
historical documents rarely address ceremonies or social customs of 
non-elite groups. This category includes, but is not limited to, 
headdresses, headbands, hats, and pins (fez, kasketo); pants, dresses, 
and other body covers (karpastiki, pafitki, sayia/saya, sarka, 
doupletti, foustani, routzieti, vraka, gileko, zimbouni); aprons, belts 
and girdles (zonari), and socks (klatses) and shoes (frangopodines, 
scarpes).

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed Effective Date

    This amendment involves a foreign affairs function of the United 
States and is, therefore, being made without notice or public procedure 
under 5 U.S.C.

[[Page 42642]]

553(a)(1). For the same reason, a delayed effective date is not 
required under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Because no notice of proposed rulemaking is required, the 
provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do 
not apply.

Executive Order 12866

    CBP has determined that this document is not a regulation or rule 
subject to the provisions of Executive Order 12866 because it pertains 
to a foreign affairs function of the United States, as described above, 
and therefore is specifically exempted by section 3(d)(2) of Executive 
Order 12866.

Signing Authority

    This regulation is being issued in accordance with 19 CFR 
0.1(a)(1), pertaining to the Secretary of the Treasury's authority (or 
that of his/her delegate) to approve regulations related to customs 
revenue functions.
    Chris Magnus, the Commissioner of CBP, having reviewed and approved 
this document, has delegated the authority to electronically sign this 
document to Robert F. Altneu, who is the Director of the Regulations 
and Disclosure Law Division for CBP, for purposes of publication in the 
Federal Register.

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12

    Cultural property, Customs duties and inspection, Imports, 
Prohibited merchandise, and Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Amendment to the CBP Regulations

    For the reasons set forth above, part 12 of title 19 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations (19 CFR part 12) is amended as set forth below:

PART 12--SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE

0
1. The general authority citation for part 12 and the specific 
authority citation for Sec.  12.104g continue to read as follows:

    Authority:  5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 3(i), 
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1624.
* * * * *
    Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also issued under 19 U.S.C. 
2612;
* * * * *

0
2. In Sec.  12.104g, amend the table in paragraph (a) by revising the 
entry for Cyprus to read as follows:


Sec.  12.104g   Specific items or categories designated by agreements 
or emergency actions.

    (a) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
        State party             Cultural property         Decision No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                              * * * * * * *
Cyprus....................  Archaeological material      CBP Dec. 22-15.
                             ranging approximately
                             from the 11th millennium
                             B.C. to A.D. 1770 and
                             ethnological material
                             ranging from
                             approximately the 4th
                             century A.D. to A.D.
                             1878.
 
                              * * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

Robert F. Altneu,
Director, Regulations & Disclosure Law Division, Regulations & Rulings, 
Office of Trade, U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Approved:
Thomas C. West, Jr.,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy.
[FR Doc. 2022-15398 Filed 7-14-22; 4:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 9111-14-P