[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 71 (Wednesday, April 13, 2022)]
[Notices]
[Pages 22004-22008]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-07842]
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-94636; File No. SR-PEARL-2022-13]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; MIAX PEARL, LLC; Notice of Filing
and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change by MIAX PEARL,
LLC To Amend Exchange Rule 2622 To Adopt on a Permanent Basis the Pilot
Program Related to the Market-Wide Circuit Breaker
April 7, 2022.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice
is hereby given that on April 6, 2022 MIAX PEARL, LLC (``MIAX Pearl''
or the ``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(``Commission'') a proposed rule change as described in Items I and II
below, which Items have been prepared by the Exchange. The Commission
is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule
change from interested persons.
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\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
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I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange proposes to adopt on a permanent basis the pilot
related to the Market-Wide Circuit Breaker mechanism in Rule 2622.
The text of the proposed rule change is available on the Exchange's
website at http://www.miaxoptions.com/rule-filings/pearl at MIAX
PEARL's principal office, and at the Commission's Public Reference
Room.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
In its filing with the Commission, the Exchange included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in
Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared summaries, set forth in
sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such
statements.
[[Page 22005]]
A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
1. Purpose
The Exchange proposes to adopt on a permanent basis the pilot
related to the Market-Wide Circuit Breaker (``MWCB'') mechanism in Rule
2622.
On March 16, 2022, the Commission approved the proposal of the New
York Stock Exchange LLC (``NYSE'') to adopt on a permanent basis the
pilot program for MWCB mechanism in NYSE Rule 7.12.\3\ The Exchange now
proposes to adopt the same change to make permanent the MWCB pilot
program in Rule 2622.
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\3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 94441 (March 16,
2022), 87 FR 16286 (March 22, 2022) (SR-NYSE-2021-40).
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The Pilot Rules
The MWCB rules, including the Exchange's Rule 2622, provide an
important, automatic mechanism that is invoked to promote stability and
investor confidence during periods of significant stress when cash
equities securities experience extreme market-wide declines. The MWCB
rules are designed to slow the effects of extreme price declines
through coordinated trading halts across both cash equity and equity
options securities markets.
The cash equities rules governing MWCBs were first adopted in 1988.
In 2012, all U.S. cash equity exchanges and FINRA amended their cash
equities uniform rules on a pilot basis \4\ and, in 2020, the Exchange
adopted the cash equities uniform rule under Exchange Rule 2622(a)-(d)
to also operate on a pilot basis \5\ (the ``Pilot Rules''). The Pilot
Rules currently provide for trading halts in all cash equity securities
during a severe market decline as measured by a single-day decline in
the S&P 500 Index (``SPX'').\6\ Under the Pilot Rules, a market-wide
trading halt will be triggered if SPX declines in price by specified
percentages from the prior day's closing price of that index. The
triggers are set at three circuit breaker thresholds: 7% (Level 1), 13%
(Level 2), and 20% (Level 3). A market decline that triggers a Level 1
or Level 2 halt after 9:30 a.m. and before 3:25 p.m. would halt market-
wide trading for 15 minutes, while a similar market decline at or after
3:25 p.m. would not halt market-wide trading. (Level 1 and Level 2
halts may occur only once a day.) A market decline that triggers a
Level 3 halt at any time during the trading day would halt market-wide
trading for the remainder of the trading day.
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\4\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 67090 (May 31,
2012), 77 FR 33531 (June 6, 2012) (SR-BATS-2011-038; SR-BYX-2011-
025; SR-BX-2011-068; SR-CBOE-2011-087; SR-C2-2011-024; SR-CHX-2011-
30; SR-EDGA-2011-31; SR-EDGX-2011-30; SR-FINRA-2011-054; SR-ISE-
2011-61; SR-NASDAQ-2011-131; SR-NSX-2011-11; SR-NYSE-2011-48; SR-
NYSEAmex-2011-73; SR-NYSEArca-2011-68; SR-Phlx-2011-129) (``Pilot
Rules Approval Order''). See also Securities Exchange Act Release
No. 89563 (August 14, 2020), 85 FR 51510 (August 20, 2020) (SR-
PEARL-2020-03) (``Equities Approval Order'') (approving, among other
things, Exchange Rule 2622).
\5\ See Equities Approval Order, id.
\6\ The rules of the equity options exchanges similarly provide
for a halt in trading if the cash equity exchanges invoke a MWCB
Halt. See, e.g., Exchange Rule 504(a) and NYSE Arca Rule 6.65-
O(d)(4).
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Exchange Rule 2622 was approved by the Commission to operate on a
pilot basis set to expire on at the close of business on October 18,
2020.\7\ The Exchange subsequently amended Rule 2622 to extend the
Pilot Rules' effectiveness to the close of business on October 18,
2021,\8\ March 18, 2022 \9\ and April 18, 2022.\10\
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\7\ See Equities Approval Order, supra note 4.
\8\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 90124 (October 8,
2020), 85 FR 65105 (October 14, 2020) (SR-PEARL-2020-20).
\9\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 93331 (October 14,
2021), 86 FR 58130 (October 20, 2021) (SR-PEARL-2021-50).
\10\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 94452 (March 17,
2022), 87 FR 16509 (March 23, 2022) (SR-PEARL-2022-08).
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The MWCB Working Group Study
Beginning in February 2020, at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic,
the markets experienced increased volatility, culminating in four MWCB
Level 1 halts on March 9, 12, 16, and 18, 2020. In each instance,
pursuant to the Pilot Rules, the markets halted as intended upon a 7%
drop in SPX and did not start the process to resume trading until the
prescribed 15-minute halt period ended.
On September 17, 2020, the Director of the Commission's Division of
Trading and Markets asked the SROs to conduct a study of the design and
operation of the Pilot Rules and the LULD Plan during the period of
volatility in March 2020. In response to the request, the SROs created
a MWCB ``Working Group'' composed of SRO representatives and industry
advisers that included members of the advisory committees to both the
LULD Plan and the NMS Plans governing the collection, consolidation,
and dissemination of last-sale transaction reports and quotations in
NMS Stocks. The Working Group met regularly from September 2020 through
March 2021 to consider the Commission's request, review data, and
compile its study.
On March 31, 2021, the MWCB Working Group submitted its study (the
``Study'') to the Commission.\11\ The Study included an evaluation of
the operation of the Pilot Rules during the March 2020 events and an
evaluation of the design of the current MWCB system. In the Study, the
Working Group concluded: (1) The MWCB mechanism set out in the Pilot
Rules worked as intended during the March 2020 events; (2) the MWCB
halts triggered in March 2020 appear to have had the intended effect of
calming volatility in the market, without causing harm; (3) the design
of the MWCB mechanism with respect to reference value (SPX), trigger
levels (7%/13%/20%), and halt times (15 minutes) is appropriate; (4)
the change implemented in Amendment 10 to the LULD Plan did not likely
have any negative impact on MWCB functionality; and (5) no changes
should be made to the mechanism to prevent the market from halting
shortly after the opening of regular trading hours at 9:30 a.m.
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\11\ See Report of the Market-Wide Circuit Breaker (``MWCB'')
Working Group Regarding the March 2020 MWCB Events, submitted March
31, 2021 (the ``Study''), available at https://www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/markets/nyse/Report_of_the_Market-Wide_Circuit_Breaker_Working_Group.pdf.
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In light of those conclusions, the MWCB Working Group also made
several recommendations, including that (1) the Pilot Rules should be
made permanent without any changes, and (2) SROs should adopt a rule
requiring all designated Regulation SCI firms to participate in at
least one Level 1/Level 2 MWCB test each year and to verify their
participation via attestation.\12\
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\12\ See id. at 46.
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Proposal To Make the Pilot Rules Permanent
On July 16, 2021, the NYSE proposed a rule change to make the Pilot
Rules permanent, consistent with the Working Group's
recommendations.\13\ On March 16, 2022, the Commission approved NYSE's
proposal.\14\
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\13\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92428 (July 16,
2021), 86 FR 38776 (July 22, 2021) (SR-NYSE-2021-40).
\14\ See supra note 3.
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Consistent with the Commission's approval of NYSE's proposal, the
Exchange now proposes that the Pilot Rules (i.e., paragraphs (a)-(d) of
Rule 2622) be made permanent. To accomplish this, the Exchange proposes
to remove the preamble to Rule 2622, which currently provides that the
rule is in effect during a pilot period that expires at the close of
business on April 18, 2022. The Exchange does not propose any changes
to paragraphs (a)-(d) of the Rule.
Consistent with the Commission's approval of NYSE's proposal, the
[[Page 22006]]
Exchange proposes to add new paragraphs (e), (f), and (g) to Rule 2622,
as follows:
(e) Market-Wide Circuit Breaker (``MWCB'') Testing.
(1) The Exchange will participate in all industry-wide tests of the
MWCB mechanism. Equity Members designated pursuant to Chapter III of
these Rules \15\ to participate in Exchange Back-up Systems and
Mandatory Testing are required to participate in at least one industry-
wide MWCB test each year and to verify their participation in that test
by attesting that they are able to or have attempted to:
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\15\ The Exchange notes that Chapter III incorporates by
reference Chapter III of the rules of the Exchange's affiliate,
Miami International Securities Exchange LLC (``MIAX''), including
paragraph (b) and Interpretations and Policies .01 of MIAX Rule 321
providing the business continuity and disaster recovery plans
testing requirements for designated members.
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(A) Receive and process MWCB halt messages from the securities
information processors (``SIPs'');
(B) receive and process resume messages from the SIPs following a
MWCB halt;
(C) receive and process market data from the SIPs relevant to MWCB
halts; and
(D) send orders following a Level 1 or Level 2 MWCB halt in a
manner consistent with their usual trading behavior.
(2) To the extent that an Equity Member participating in a MWCB
test is unable to receive and process any of the messages identified in
paragraph (e)(1)(A)-(D) of this Rule, its attestation should notify the
Exchange which messages it was unable to process and, if known, why.
(3) Equity Members not designated pursuant to standards established
in Chapter III of these Rules are permitted to participate in any MWCB
test.
(f) In the event that a halt is triggered under this Rule following
a Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 Market Decline, the Exchange, together
with other SROs and industry representatives (the ``MWCB Working
Group''), will review such event. The MWCB Working Group will prepare a
report that documents its analysis and recommendations and will provide
that report to the Commission within 6 months of the event.
(g) In the event that there is (1) a Market Decline of more than
5%, or (2) an SRO implements a rule that changes its reopening process
following a MWCB Halt, the Exchange, together with the MWCB Working
Group, will review such event and consider whether any modifications
should be made to this Rule. If the MWCB Working Group recommends that
a modification should be made to this Rule, the MWCB Working Group will
prepare a report that documents its analysis and recommendations and
provide that report to the Commission.
* * * * *
To accommodate the addition of new paragraphs (e), (f), and (g),
the Exchange proposes to renumber existing paragraphs (e), (f), and (g)
as (h), (i), and (j). The Exchange does not proposes any other changes
to these paragraphs. The Exchange also proposes to update cross-
references to current Exchange Rule 2622(e) to its renumbered Exchange
Rule 2622(h) in Exchange Rules 2614 (a)(1)(H), 2614 (c)(2)(B), 2617
(a)(3), 2617 (b)(3), 2617 (b)(4)(B)(ii), and 2617 (b)(4)(B)(iii).
2. Statutory Basis
The Exchange believes that the proposal to make the Pilot Rules
permanent is consistent with Section 6(b) of the Act,\16\ in general,
and furthers the objectives of Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,\17\ in
particular, in that it is designed to promote just and equitable
principles of trade, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism
of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general
to protect investors and the public interest.
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\16\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
\17\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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The Pilot Rules set out in Rule 2622(a)-(d) are an important,
automatic mechanism that is invoked to promote stability and investor
confidence during periods of significant market stress when securities
markets experience broad-based declines. The four MWCB halts that
occurred in March 2020 provided the Exchange, the other SROs, and
market participants with real-world experience as to how the Pilot
Rules actually function in practice. Based on the Working Group's Study
and the Exchange's own analysis of those events, the Exchange believes
that making the Pilot Rules permanent would benefit market
participants, promote just and equitable principles of trade, remove
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and
a national market system, and protect investors and the public
interest.
Specifically, the Exchange believes that making the Pilot Rules
permanent would benefit market participants, promote just and equitable
principles of trade, remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of
a free and open market and a national market system, and protect
investors and the public interest, because the Pilot Rules worked as
intended during the March 2020 events. As detailed above, the markets
were in communication before, during, and after each of the MWCB Halts
that occurred in March 2020. All 9,000+ equity symbols were
successfully halted in a timely manner when SPX declined 7% from the
previous day's closing value, as designed. The Exchange believes that
market participants would benefit from having the Pilot Rules made
permanent because such market participants are familiar with the design
and operation of the MWCB mechanism set out in the Pilot Rules, and
know from experience that it has functioned as intended on multiple
occasions under real-life stress conditions. Accordingly, the Exchange
believes that making the Pilot Rules permanent would enhance investor
confidence in the ability of the markets to successfully halt as
intended when under extreme stress.
The Exchange further believes that making the Pilot Rules permanent
would benefit market participants, promote just and equitable
principles of trade, remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of
a free and open market and a national market system, and protect
investors and the public interest, because the halts that were
triggered pursuant to the Pilot Rules in March 2020 appear to have had
the intended effect of calming volatility in the market without causing
harm. As detailed above, after studying a variety of metrics concerning
opening and reopening auctions, quote volatility, and other factors,
the Exchange concluded that there was no significant difference in the
percentage of securities that opened on a trade versus on a quote for
the four days in March 2020 with MWCB Halts, versus the other periods
studied. In addition, while the post-MWCB Halt reopening auctions were
smaller than typical opening auctions, the size of those post-MWCB Halt
reopening auctions plus the earlier initial opening auctions in those
symbols was on average equal to opening auctions in January 2020. The
Exchange believes this indicates that the MWCB Halts on the four March
2020 days did not cause liquidity to evaporate. Finally, the Exchange
observes that while quote volatility was generally higher on the four
days in March 2020 with MWCB Halts as compared to the other periods
studied, quote volatility stabilized following the MWCB Halts at levels
similar to the January 2020 levels, and LULD Trading Pauses worked as
designed to address any additional volatility later in the day. From
this evidence, the Exchange
[[Page 22007]]
concludes that the Pilot Rules actually calmed volatility on the four
MWCB Halt days in March 2020, without causing liquidity to evaporate or
otherwise harming the market. As such, the Exchange believes that
making the Pilot Rules permanent would remove impediments to and
perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market
system, and protect investors and the public interest.
The Exchange believes that that making the Pilot Rules permanent
without any changes would benefit market participants, promote just and
equitable principles of trade, remove impediments to and perfect the
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and
protect investors and the public interest, because the current design
of the MWCB mechanism as set out in the Pilot Rules remains
appropriate. As detailed above, the Exchange considered whether SPX
should be replaced as the reference value, whether the current trigger
levels (7%/13%/20%) and halt times (15 minutes for Level 1 and 2 halts)
should be modified, and whether changes should be made to prevent the
market from halting shortly after the opening of regular trading hours
at 9:30 a.m., and concluded that the MWCB mechanism set out in the
Pilot Rules remains appropriate, for the reasons cited above. The
Exchange believes that public confidence in the MWCB mechanism would be
enhanced by the Pilot Rules being made permanent without any changes,
given investors' familiarity with the Pilot Rules and their successful
functioning in March 2020.
The Exchange believes that proposed paragraph (e) regarding MWCB
testing is designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade,
to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open
market and a national market system, and, in general to protect
investors and the public interest. The Working Group recommended that
all cash equities exchanges adopt a rule requiring all designated
Regulation SCI firms to participate in MWCB testing and to attest to
their participation. The Exchange believes that these requirements
would promote the stability of the markets and enhance investor
confidence in the MWCB mechanism and the protections that it provides
to the markets and to investors. The Exchange further believes that
requiring firms participating in a MWCB test to identify any inability
to process messages pertaining to such MWCB test would contribute to a
fair and orderly market by flagging potential issues that should be
corrected. The Exchange would preserve such attestations pursuant to
its obligations to retain books and records of the Exchange.\18\
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\18\ See 17 CFR 240.17a-1.
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The Exchange believes that proposed paragraph (f) would benefit
market participants, promote just and equitable principles of trade,
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open
market and a national market system, and protect investors and the
public interest. Having the MWCB Working Group review any halt
triggered under Rule 2622 and prepare a report of its analysis and
recommendations would permit the Exchange, along with other market
participants and the Commission, to evaluate such event and determine
whether any modifications should be made to Rule 2622 in the public
interest. Preparation of such a report within 6 months of the event
would permit the Exchange, along with the MWCB Working Group,
sufficient time to analyze such halt and prepare their recommendations.
The Exchange believes that proposed paragraph (g) would benefit
market participants, promote just and equitable principles of trade,
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open
market and a national market system, and protect investors and the
public interest. Having the MWCB Working Group review instances of a
Market Decline of more than 5% or an SRO implementing a rule that
changes its reopening process following a MWCB Halt would allow the
MWCB Working Group to identify situations where it recommends that Rule
2622 be modified in the public interest. In such situations where the
MWCB Working Group recommends that a modification should be made to
Rule 2622, the MWCB Working Group would prepare a report that documents
its analysis and recommendations and provide that report to the
Commission, thereby removing impediments to and perfecting the
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system while
protecting investors and the public interest.
For the foregoing reasons, the Exchange believes that the proposed
change is consistent with the Act.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition
The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will
impose any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in
furtherance of the purposes of the Act. The proposed change is not
intended to address competition, but rather, makes permanent the
current MWCB Pilot Rules for the protection of the markets. The
Exchange believes that making the current MWCB Pilot Rules permanent
would have no discernable burden on competition at all, since the Pilot
Rules have already been in effect since 2012 and would be made
permanent without any changes. Moreover, because the MWCB mechanism
contained in the Pilot Rules requires all exchanges and all market
participants to cease trading at the same time, making the Pilot Rules
permanent would not provide a competitive advantage to any exchange or
any class of market participants.
Further, the Exchange understands that the other SROs will submit
substantively identical proposals to the Commission. Thus, the proposed
rule change will help to ensure consistency across SROs without
implicating any competitive issues.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others
Written comments were neither solicited nor received.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
The Exchange has filed the proposed rule change pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A)(iii) of the Act \19\ and Rule 19b-4(f)(6) thereunder.\20\
Because the proposed rule change does not: (i) Significantly affect the
protection of investors or the public interest; (ii) impose any
significant burden on competition; and (iii) become operative prior to
30 days from the date on which it was filed, or such shorter time as
the Commission may designate, if consistent with the protection of
investors and the public interest, the proposed rule change has become
effective pursuant to Section 19(b)(3)(A) of the Act and Rule 19b-
4(f)(6)(iii) thereunder.
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\19\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(iii).
\20\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(6).
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A proposed rule change filed under Rule 19b-4(f)(6) \21\ normally
does not become operative prior to 30 days after the date of the
filing. However, pursuant to Rule 19b-4(f)(6)(iii),\22\ the Commission
may designate a shorter time if such action is consistent with the
protection of investors and the public interest. The Exchange asked
that the Commission waive the 30 day operative delay so that the
proposal may become operative immediately upon filing.
[[Page 22008]]
Waiver of the 30-day operative delay would allow the Exchange to
immediately provide the protections included in this proposal in the
event of a MWCB halt, which is consistent with the protection of
investors and the public interest. Therefore, the Commission hereby
waives the 30-day operative delay and designates the proposed rule
change as operative upon filing.\23\
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\21\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(6).
\22\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(6)(iii).
\23\ For purposes only of waiving the 30-day operative delay,
the Commission has also considered the proposed rule's impact on
efficiency, competition, and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C.
78c(f).
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At any time within 60 days of the filing of the proposed rule
change, the Commission summarily may temporarily suspend such rule
change if it appears to the Commission that such action is necessary or
appropriate in the public interest, for the protection of investors, or
otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. If the Commission
takes such action, the Commission shall institute proceedings to
determine whether the proposed rule should be approved or disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
Use the Commission's internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
Send an email to [email protected]. Please include
File Number SR-PEARL-2022-13 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-PEARL-2022-13. This file
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently,
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on
the Commission's internet website (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml).
Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written
statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with
the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed
rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those
that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions
of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and printing in
the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC
20549, on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and
3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection
and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All comments
received will be posted without change. Persons submitting comments are
cautioned that we do not redact or edit personal identifying
information from comment submissions.
You should submit only information that you wish to make available
publicly. All submissions should refer to File Number SR-PEARL-2022-13
and should be submitted on or before May 4, 2022.
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\24\
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\24\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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J. Matthew DeLesDernier,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2022-07842 Filed 4-12-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P