[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 25 (Monday, February 7, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 6779-6783]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-02495]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2017-0541; FRL-9418-01-OCSPP]


2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol; Exemption From the 
Requirement of a Tolerance

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes an exemption from the requirement 
of a tolerance for residues of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol (CAS Reg. No. 5660-53-7) when used as an inert ingredient 
(solvent/cosolvent) on growing crops and raw agricultural commodities 
after harvest, and in antimicrobial formulations applied to food-
contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, 
and food-processing equipment and utensils. SciReg, Inc., on behalf of 
Solvay USA Inc., submitted a petition to EPA under the Federal Food, 
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting establishment of an 
exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. This regulation 
eliminates the need to establish a maximum permissible level for 
residues of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, when used in 
accordance with the terms of those exemptions.

DATES: This regulation is effective February 7, 2022. Objections and 
requests for hearings must be received on or before April 8, 2022, and 
must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR 
part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).

ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, identified by docket 
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2017-0541, is available at 
https://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs 
Regulatory Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the Environmental Protection 
Agency Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 
Rm. 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460-0001. The 
Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public 
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the OPP 
Docket is (703) 305-5805.
    Due to the public health concerns related to COVID-19, the EPA 
Docket Center (EPA/DC) and Reading Room is closed to visitors with 
limited exceptions. The staff continues to provide remote customer 
service via email, phone, and webform. For the latest status 
information on EPA/DC services and docket access, visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Marietta Echeverria, Registration 
Division (7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental 
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460-
0001; main telephone number: (703) 305-7090; email address: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
The following list of North American Industrial Classification System 
(NAICS) codes is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide to help readers determine whether this document applies to them. 
Potentially affected entities may include:
     Crop production (NAICS code 111).
     Animal production (NAICS code 112).
     Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).

[[Page 6780]]

B. How can I get electronic access to other related information?

    You may access a frequently updated electronic version of 40 CFR 
part 180 through the Office of the Federal Register's e-CFR site at 
https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40.

C. How can I file an objection or hearing request?

    Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21 U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an 
objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a 
hearing on those objections. You must file your objection or request a 
hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided 
in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify 
docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2017-0541 in the subject line on the first 
page of your submission. All objections and requests for a hearing must 
be in writing and must be received by the Hearing Clerk on or before 
April 8, 2022. Addresses for mail and hand delivery of objections and 
hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b).
    In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the 
Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of 
the filing (excluding any Confidential Business Information (CBI)) for 
inclusion in the public docket. Information not marked confidential 
pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA without 
prior notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your objection or hearing 
request, identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2017-0541, by one of 
the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit 
electronically any information you consider to be CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
     Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket 
Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 
20460-0001.
     Hand Delivery: To make special arrangements for hand 
delivery or delivery of boxed information, please follow the 
instructions at https://www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
    Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along 
with more information about dockets generally, is available at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.

II. Petition for Exemption

    In the Federal Register of December 15, 2017 (82 FR 59604) (FRL-
9970-50), EPA issued a document pursuant to FFDCA section 408, 21 
U.S.C. 346a, announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP IN-
11066) by SciReg Inc., 12733 Director's Loop, Woodbridge, VA, 22192 on 
behalf of Solvay USA Inc., 504 Carnegie Center, Princeton, NJ, 08540. 
The petition requested that 40 CFR 180.910 and 180.940(a) be amended by 
establishing an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for 
residues of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (CAS Reg. No. 
5660-53-7) when used as an inert ingredient (solvent/co-solvent) in 
pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or raw agricultural 
commodities after harvest under 40 CFR 180.910 and when used in 
antimicrobial formulations (food-contact surface sanitizing solutions) 
applied to food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-
processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils under 
40 CFR 180.940(a). That document referenced a summary of the petition 
prepared by SciReg, Inc., on behalf of Solvay USA Inc., the petitioner, 
which is available in the docket, https://www.regulations.gov. There 
were no relevant comments received in response to the notice of filing.

III. Inert Ingredient Definition

    Inert ingredients are all ingredients that are not active 
ingredients as defined in 40 CFR 153.125 and include, but are not 
limited to, the following types of ingredients (except when they have a 
pesticidal efficacy of their own): Solvents such as alcohols and 
hydrocarbons; surfactants such as polyoxyethylene polymers and fatty 
acids; carriers such as clay and diatomaceous earth; thickeners such as 
carrageenan and modified cellulose; wetting, spreading, and dispersing 
agents; propellants in aerosol dispensers; microencapsulating agents; 
and emulsifiers. The term ``inert'' is not intended to imply 
nontoxicity; the ingredient may or may not be chemically active. 
Generally, EPA has exempted inert ingredients from the requirement of a 
tolerance based on the low toxicity of the individual inert 
ingredients.

IV. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Section 408(c)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish an 
exemption from the requirement for a tolerance (the legal limit for a 
pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if EPA determines that 
the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 408(c)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines 
``safe'' to mean that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no harm 
will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, 
including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for 
which there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through 
drinking water and in residential settings but does not include 
occupational exposure. When making a safety determination for an 
exemption for the requirement of a tolerance FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(B) 
directs EPA to consider the considerations in section 408(b)(2)(C) and 
(D). Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special 
consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide 
chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there 
is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and 
children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue . . 
. . '' Section 408(b)(2)(D) lists other factors for EPA consideration 
making safety determinations, e.g., the validity, completeness, and 
reliability of available data, nature of toxic effects, available 
information concerning the cumulative effects of the pesticide chemical 
and other substances with a common mechanism of toxicity, and available 
information concerning aggregate exposure levels to the pesticide 
chemical and other related substances, among others.
    EPA establishes exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance only 
in those cases where it can be clearly demonstrated that the risks from 
aggregate exposure to pesticide chemical residues under reasonably 
foreseeable circumstances will pose no appreciable risks to human 
health. In order to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to 
pesticide inert ingredients, the Agency considers the toxicity of the 
inert in conjunction with possible exposure to residues of the inert 
ingredient through food, drinking water, and through other exposures 
that occur as a result of pesticide use in residential settings. If EPA 
is able to determine that a finite tolerance is not necessary to ensure 
that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from 
aggregate exposure to the inert ingredient, an exemption from the 
requirement of a tolerance may be established.
    Consistent with FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(A), and the factors 
specified in FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(B), EPA has reviewed the available 
scientific data and other relevant information in support of this 
action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a 
determination on aggregate exposure for 2-isobutyl-2-

[[Page 6781]]

methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol including exposure resulting from the 
exemption established by this action. EPA's assessment of exposures and 
risks associated with 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol 
follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered their 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children. Specific information on the studies received and the nature 
of the adverse effects caused by 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol as well as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and 
the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the toxicity 
studies
    The toxicological database of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol is supported by data regarding 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol. EPA has determined that it is appropriate to bridge 2,2-
dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol data due to similarities in the 
manufacturing processes, functional groups/structure, composition, and 
physical/chemical properties, and among the available human health 
toxicity and ecological toxicity data of the two substances.
    2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol exhibits low levels of 
acute toxicity via the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. 
In the rat, the oral LD50 7,000 mg/kg, the dermal 
LD50 > 2,000 mg/kg, and the inhalation LC50 is > 
5.11 mg/L. It is not irritating to the rabbit skin. It is irritating to 
the rabbit eye. It is not a dermal sensitizer, it is negative for 
mutagenicity and the DEREK analysis indicates it is unlikely to pose a 
carcinogenic risk to humans. In a 6-week, repeat-dose toxicity study 
with reproduction/developmental screening, the maternal, offspring and 
reproduction NOAELs were 1,000 mg/kg/day.
    There were no studies/data directly related to the possible 
neurotoxicity of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol. However, 
evidence of potential neurotoxicity was not observed in functional 
observation battery (FOB) performed in the developmental study in the 
rat. Therefore, 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol is not 
expected to be neurotoxic.
    There were no studies/data directly related the immunotoxic 
potential of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol. There were 
no indications of possible immunotoxicity from the data that are 
available.

B. Toxicological Points of Departure/Levels of Concern

    Once a pesticide's toxicological profile is determined, EPA 
identifies toxicological points of departure (POD) and levels of 
concern to use in evaluating the risk posed by human exposure to the 
pesticide. For hazards that have a threshold below which there is no 
appreciable risk, the toxicological POD is used as the basis for 
derivation of reference values for risk assessment. PODs are developed 
based on a careful analysis of the doses in each toxicological study to 
determine the dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the NOAEL) 
and the lowest dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified 
(the LOAEL). Uncertainty/safety factors are used in conjunction with 
the POD to calculate a safe exposure level--generally referred to as a 
population-adjusted dose (PAD) or a reference dose (RfD)--and a safe 
margin of exposure (MOE). For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes 
that any amount of exposure will lead to some degree of risk. Thus, the 
Agency estimates risk in terms of the probability of an occurrence of 
the adverse effect expected in a lifetime. For more information on the 
general principles EPA uses in risk characterization and a complete 
description of the risk assessment process, see https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/riskassess.html.
    The hazard profile of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol 
is adequately defined. Overall, 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol is of low acute, subchronic, and developmental toxicity. No 
systemic toxicity is observed up to 1,000 mg/kg/day. Since signs of 
toxicity were not observed, no endpoint of concern was identified. 
Therefore, a qualitative risk assessment for 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-
dioxolane-4-methanol was conducted.

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary 
exposure to 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, EPA 
considered exposure under the proposed exemption from the requirement 
of a tolerance. EPA assessed dietary exposures from 2-isobutyl-2-
methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol in food as follows:
    Dietary exposure (food and drinking water) to 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-
1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol may occur following ingestion of foods with 
residues from their use in accordance with this exemption. However, a 
quantitative dietary exposure assessment was not conducted since a 
toxicological endpoint for risk assessment was not identified.
    2. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., textiles (clothing and diapers), carpets, swimming 
pools, and hard surface disinfection on walls, floors, tables).
    2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol may be used in 
pesticide products and non-pesticide products that may be used in and 
around the home. Based on the discussion above regarding the low 
toxicity of the 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, a 
quantitative residential exposure assessment was not conducted.
    3. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.''
    Based on the lack of toxicity in the available data, 2-isobutyl-2-
methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol and its metabolites are not expected to 
share a common mechanism of toxicity with other chemicals; therefore, 
section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) does not apply.

D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    In general. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA provides that EPA shall 
apply an additional tenfold (10X) margin of safety for infants and 
children in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal and 
postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity and 
exposure unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a different 
margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. This additional 
margin of safety is commonly referred to as the Food Quality Protection 
Act (FQPA) Safety Factor (SF). In applying this provision, EPA either 
retains the default value of 10X, or uses a different additional safety 
factor when reliable data available to EPA support the choice of a 
different factor.
    Because there are no threshold effects associated with 2-isobutyl-
2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, EPA conducted a qualitative 
assessment. As part of that assessment, the Agency did not use safety 
factors for assessing risk, and no

[[Page 6782]]

additional safety factor is needed for assessing risk to infants and 
children. Based on an assessment of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-
4-methanol, EPA has concluded that there are no toxicological endpoints 
of concern for the U.S. population, including infants and children.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    Because no toxicological endpoints of concern were identified, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol residues.

V. Other Considerations

Analytical Enforcement Methodology

    An analytical method is not required for enforcement purposes since 
the Agency is establishing an exemption from the requirement of a 
tolerance without any numerical limitation.

VI. Conclusions

    Therefore, exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance is 
established for residues of 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol (CAS Reg. No. 5660-53-7) when used as an inert ingredient 
(solvent/co-solvent) in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops 
and raw agricultural commodities after harvest under 40 CFR 180.910 and 
when used in antimicrobial formulations applied to food-contact 
surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-
processing equipment and utensils under 40 CFR 180.940(a).

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This action establishes exemptions from the requirement of a 
tolerance under FFDCA section 408(d) in response to a petition 
submitted to the Agency. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has 
exempted these types of actions from review under Executive Order 
12866, entitled ``Regulatory Planning and Review'' (58 FR 51735, 
October 4, 1993). Because this action has been exempted from review 
under Executive Order 12866, this action is not subject to Executive 
Order 13211, entitled ``Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 
28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045, entitled ``Protection of 
Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997). This action does not contain any information 
collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act 
(PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require any special 
considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled ``Federal Actions 
to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations'' (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis 
of a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the exemptions in 
this final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the 
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.), do not apply.
    This action directly regulates growers, food processors, food 
handlers, and food retailers, not States or Tribes, nor does this 
action alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency has determined that 
this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or 
Tribal Governments, on the relationship between the National Government 
and the States or Tribal Governments, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government or between 
the Federal Government and Indian Tribes. Thus, the Agency has 
determined that Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 
43255, August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled 
``Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 
67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply to this action. In addition, this 
action does not impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded 
mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
(UMRA) (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).
    This action does not involve any technical standards that would 
require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant 
to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).

VIII. Congressional Review Act

    Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), 
EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required 
information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and 
the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of 
the rule in the Federal Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' 
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: January 20, 2022.
Marietta Echeverria,
Acting Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
    Therefore, for the reasons stated in the preamble, EPA is amending 
40 CFR chapter I as follows:

PART 180--TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES 
IN FOOD

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.


0
2. In Sec.  180.910, amend Table 1 to 180.910 by adding, in 
alphabetical order, an entry for ``2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol (CAS Reg. No. 5660-53-7)'' to read as follows:


Sec.  180.910   Inert ingredients used pre- and post-harvest; 
exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

* * * * *

                           Table 1 to 180.910
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Inert ingredients           Limits                 Uses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                              * * * * * * *
2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-      ..............  Solvent/Co-solvent.
 dioxolane-4-methanol (CAS
 Reg. No. 5660-53-7).
 
                              * * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 6783]]


0
3. In Sec.  180.940, amend Table 1 to Paragraph (a) by adding, in 
alphabetical order, an entry for ``2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-
methanol'' to read as follows:


Sec.  180.940   Tolerance exemptions for active and inert ingredients 
for use in antimicrobial formulations (Food-contact surface sanitizing 
solutions).

* * * * *
    (a) * * *

                        Table 1 to Paragraph (a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Inert ingredients        CAS Reg. No.             Limits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                              * * * * * * *
2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-           5660-53-7  ..........................
 dioxolane-4-methanol.
 
                             * * * * * * **
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2022-02495 Filed 2-4-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P