[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 79 (Tuesday, April 27, 2021)]
[Notices]
[Pages 22259-22261]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-08772]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

National Park Service

[NPS-WASO-NAGPRA-NPS0031782; PPWOCRADN0-PCU00RP14.R50000]


Notice of Inventory Completion: San Bernardino County Museum, 
Redlands, CA

AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The San Bernardino County Museum (SBCM) has completed an 
inventory of human remains and associated funerary objects, in 
consultation with the appropriate Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian 
organizations, and has determined that there is a cultural affiliation 
between the human remains and associated funerary objects, and present-
day Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations. Lineal descendants 
or representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization 
not identified in this notice that wish to request transfer of control 
of these human remains and associated funerary objects should submit a 
written

[[Page 22260]]

request to the San Bernardino County Museum. If no additional 
requestors come forward, transfer of control of the human remains and 
associated funerary objects to the lineal descendants, Indian Tribes, 
or Native Hawaiian organizations stated in this notice may proceed.

DATES: Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian Tribe or 
Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to 
request transfer of control of these human remains and associated 
funerary objects should submit a written request with information in 
support of the request to the San Bernardino County Museum at the 
address in this notice by May 27, 2021.

ADDRESSES: Tamara Serrao-Leiva, San Bernardino County Museum, 2024 
Orange Tree Lane, Redlands, CA 92374, telephone (909) 798-8623, email 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is here given in accordance with the 
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 
U.S.C. 3003, of the completion of an inventory of human remains and 
associated funerary objects under the control of the San Bernardino 
County Museum, Redlands, CA. The human remains and associated funerary 
objects were removed from Riverside County, CA.
    This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's 
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The 
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the 
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native 
American human remains and associated funerary objects. The National 
Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.

Consultation

    A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by the San 
Bernardino County Museum professional staff in consultation with 
representatives of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the 
Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, California; Cahuilla Band of Indians 
[previously listed as Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians of the Cahuilla 
Reservation, California]; Morongo Band of Mission Indians, California 
[previously listed as Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the 
Morongo Reservation]; Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the 
Pechanga Reservation, California; and the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla 
Indians, California [previously listed as Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla 
Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation]. The Augustine Band of 
Cahuilla Indians, California [previously listed as Augustine Band of 
Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Augustine Reservation]; Los Coyotes 
Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians, California [previously listed as 
Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla & Cupeno Indians of the Los Coyotes 
Reservation]; Ramona Band of Cahuilla, California [previously listed as 
Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California]; and 
the Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians, California [previously 
listed as Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of 
California] were invited to consult but did not participate. Hereafter, 
all the Indian Tribes listed above are referred to as ``The Consulted 
and Invited Tribes.''

History and Description of the Remains

    In 1933, human remains representing, at minimum, five individuals 
were removed from site CA-RIV-381 in Riverside County, CA, by Gerald 
Smith, a SBCM employee. The age and sex of the individuals is unknown. 
No known individuals were identified. The 16 associated funerary 
objects include: one lot of broken pottery, one lot of stone fragments, 
one lot of metal fragments, one lot of charcoal, one lot of purple 
glass, one lot of faunal, one lot of mixed worked stone, one lot 
historic ceramics, one lot of quartz tools, one lot of quartz 
fragments, one quartz mano, one lot of mixed burnt material, one lot of 
ecofacts, one lot of soil samples, one lot of unworked shell, and one 
shell bead.
    CA-RIV-381, known as the Temecula Battlefield of 1847, is the site 
of a historic battle between the Cahuilla and the Luise[ntilde]o, which 
resulted in the ``Temecula Massacre.'' It was first recorded in 1932, 
by J.P. Harrington together with his consultant Josefa Berdugo, a 
Luise[ntilde]o woman who lived in Aguanga (located several miles to the 
south of RIV-381). In January 1980, the site was listed on the National 
Register of Historic Places. The Luise[ntilde]o people call this place 
[int][oacute]ova. The Cahuilla, who also frequented this area, call 
this region ``Paususe'' (or ``Paususit'') which, according to Nattie 
Costo of the Cahuilla Reservation, means ``hot water.''
    According to Pechanga oral tradition, this site and the surrounding 
area are affiliated with the Luise[ntilde]o/Pechanga. Also, several 
published anthropological sources completed in consultation with the 
Luise[ntilde]o people confirm that the site is within Luise[ntilde]o 
traditional territory (Kroeber 1925:648; Oxedine 1983:11; Sparkman 
1908:189; Strong 1929:275). Moreover, the California Native American 
Heritage Commission has named the Pechanga as the most likely 
descendant Indian Tribe for human remains removed from CA-RIV-381.
    In October 1963, human remains representing, at minimum, one 
individual were removed by Paul Price from the Meadowbrook site (SBCM-
607; CA-RIV-711, CA-RIV-713), just south of Good Hope Mine (site of the 
``Good Hope Mine'' burial site), in Perris, Riverside County, CA. Dr. 
Niewoehner, a physical anthropologist at California State University, 
San Bernardino, who assisted SBCM in the inventory, identified a human 
phalanx and a metatarsal. No known individual was identified. The eight 
associated funerary objects include one lot of mixed faunal bone, one 
quartz point, one obsidian fragment, one basalt lithic tool, one chert 
lithic tool, one lot of faunal, one lot of quartz and chert lithic tool 
fragments, and one pendant.
    The Meadowbrook site (CA-RIV-711) is part of the large village 
complex directly adjacent to the Pechanga Indian Reservation. It 
appears in a Sacred Lands File of the California Native American 
Heritage Commission as a Pechanga traditional cultural property. 
Moreover, the Native American Heritage Commission has named the 
Pechanga as the most likely descendant Indian Tribe for human remains 
removed from another location near CA-RIV-711.
    In 1984, human remains representing, at minimum, one individual 
were removed from Tucalota-Rawson (SBCM-5497, CA-RIV-3015) in Riverside 
County, CA. On November 23, 1984, Gerald Smith recorded the discovery 
of cremation fragments and burned soil on an alluvial fan at Tucolata 
Creek, near previously recorded pictographs. According to the site 
record, ``Tucalota Ranch is known as a village, and some `excavation' 
might have been conducted at that site.'' The human remains--an ossicle 
from a cranium--belong to an individual of unidentified age and sex. No 
known individual was identified. The six associated funerary objects 
are one lot of ceramics, one lot of burnt ceramics, one piece of 
pumice, one lot of side notched and triangular projectile points, one 
stone pendant, and one lot of flaked stone (including quartz).
    There is no information to establish a time-period for these human 
remains. CA-RIV-3015 lies within Luise[ntilde]o Territory, and the 
Tucalota Ranch area appears in a Sacred Lands File of the California 
Native American Heritage Commission as a Pechanga traditional cultural 
property.
    At an unknown date, human remains representing, at minimum, one 
individual were removed from an unidentified site in Temecula

[[Page 22261]]

(UNN:174-188, No site number), Riverside County. A label accompanying 
the human remains states ``Found in Temecula.'' The SBCM has no record 
of how or when these human remains were acquired. They may have been 
part of a private donation from the Archaeological Survey Association 
that was active during the early years of the SBCM. The human remains--
skull fragments and broken bone fragments in poor condition--belong to 
an individual of unknown age or sex. No known individual was 
identified. The five associated funerary objects are one lot of fabric, 
one lot of metal hooks, one lot of scrap metal, one lot of soil with 
imbedded beads, and one lot of turquoise beads.
    There is little information to establish a time-period for these 
human remains. Based on geographical information, the SBCM has 
identified the remains as Pechanga.

Determinations Made by the San Bernardino County Museum

    Personnel of the San Bernardino County Museum have determined that:
     Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described 
in this notice represent the physical remains of eight individuals of 
Native American ancestry.
     Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), the 35 objects described 
in this notice are reasonably believed to have been placed with or near 
individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of the 
death rite or ceremony.
     Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a relationship of 
shared group identity that can be reasonably traced between the Native 
American human remains and associated funerary objects and the La Jolla 
Band of Luiseno Indians, California [previously listed as La Jolla Band 
of Luiseno Mission Indians of the La Jolla Reservation]; Pala Band of 
Mission Indians [previously listed as Pala Band of Luiseno Mission 
Indians of the Pala Reservation, California]; Pauma Band of Luiseno 
Mission Indians of the Pauma & Yuima Reservation, California; Pechanga 
Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation, 
California; Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of Rincon 
Reservation, California; and the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians, 
California (hereafter referred to as ``The Affiliated Tribes'').

Additional Requestors and Disposition

    Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native 
Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to 
request transfer of control of these human remains and associated 
funerary objects should submit a written request with information in 
support of the request to Tamara Serrao-Leiva, San Bernardino County 
Museum, 2024 Orange Tree Lane, Redlands, CA 92373, telephone (909) 798-
8623, email [email protected], by May 27, 2021. After 
that date, if no additional requestors have come forward, transfer of 
control of the human remains and associated funerary objects to The 
Affiliated Tribes may proceed.
    The San Bernardino County Museum is responsible for notifying The 
Consulted and Invited Tribes and The Affiliated Tribes that this notice 
has been published.

    Dated: April 19, 2021.
Melanie O'Brien,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2021-08772 Filed 4-26-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312-52-P