[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 247 (Wednesday, December 23, 2020)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 83818-83821]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-26997]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 19
[FRL-10018-13-OECA]
Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgating this
final rule to adjust the level of the maximum (and minimum) statutory
civil monetary penalty amounts under the statutes the EPA administers.
This action is mandated by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation
Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended through the Federal Civil Penalties
Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (``the 2015 Act'').
The 2015 Act prescribes a formula for annually adjusting the statutory
maximum (and minimum) amount of civil monetary penalties to reflect
inflation, maintain the deterrent effect of statutory civil monetary
penalties, and promote compliance with the law. The rule does not
establish specific civil monetary penalty amounts the EPA may seek in
particular cases, as appropriate given the facts of particular cases
and applicable agency penalty policies. The EPA's civil penalty
policies, which guide enforcement personnel on how to exercise the
EPA's discretion within statutory penalty authorities, take into
account a number of fact-specific considerations, e.g., the seriousness
of the violation, the violator's good faith efforts to comply, any
economic benefit gained by the violator as a result of its
noncompliance, and a violator's ability to pay.
DATES: This final rule is effective December 23, 2020.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Smith-Watts, Office of Civil
Enforcement, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Mail Code
2241A, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20460, telephone number: (202) 564-4083; [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
Since 1996, Federal agencies have been required to issue
regulations adjusting for inflation the statutory civil monetary
penalties \1\ that can be imposed under the laws administered by that
agency. The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990,
as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 (DCIA),
required agencies to review their statutory civil monetary penalties
every four years, and to adjust the statutory civil monetary penalty
amounts for inflation if the increase met the DCIA's adjustment
methodology. In accordance with the DCIA, the EPA reviewed and, as
appropriate, adjusted the civil monetary penalty levels under each of
the statutes the agency implements in 1996 (61 FR 69360), 2004 (69 FR
7121), 2008 (73 FR 75340), and 2013 (78 FR 66643).
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\1\ The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of
1990, Public Law 101-410, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note, defines ``civil
monetary penalty'' as any penalty, fine, or other sanction that--
(1)(i) is for a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal law;
or (ii) has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law; and (2) is
assessed or enforced by an agency pursuant to Federal law; and (3)
is assessed or enforced pursuant to an administrative proceeding or
a civil action in the Federal courts.
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The 2015 Act \2\ required each Federal agency to adjust the level
of statutory civil monetary penalties under the laws implemented by
that agency with an initial ``catch-up'' adjustment through an interim
final rulemaking. The 2015 Act also required Federal agencies,
beginning on January 15, 2017, to make subsequent annual adjustments
for inflation. Section 4 of the 2015 Act requires each Federal agency
to publish these adjustments by January 15 of each year. The purpose of
the 2015 Act is to maintain the deterrent effect of civil monetary
penalties by translating originally enacted statutory civil penalty
amounts to today's dollars and rounding statutory civil penalties to
the nearest dollar.
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\2\ The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act
Improvements Act of 2015 (Section 701 of Pub. L. 114-74) was signed
into law on November 2, 2015, and further amended the Federal Civil
Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990.
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As required by the 2015 Act, the EPA issued a catch-up rule on July
1, 2016, which was effective August 1, 2016 (81 FR 43091). The EPA has
made four annual adjustments since then: On January 12, 2017, effective
on January 15, 2017 (82 FR 3633); on January 10, 2018, effective on
January 15, 2018 (83 FR 1190); on February 6, 2019, effective February
6, 2019 (84 FR 2056), and issued a subsequent correction on February
25, 2019 (84 FR 5955); and on January 13, 2020, effective the same day
(85 FR 1751). This rule implements the fifth annual adjustment mandated
by the 2015 Act.
The 2015 Act provides a formula for calculating the adjustments.
Each statutory maximum and minimum \3\ civil monetary penalty as
currently adjusted is multiplied by the cost-of-living adjustment
multiplier, which is the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index
for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the month of October 2020 exceeds
the CPI-U for the month of October 2019.\4\
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\3\ Under Section 3(2)(A) of the 2015 Act, ``civil monetary
penalty'' means ``a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal
law''; or ``has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law.'' EPA-
administered statutes generally refer to statutory maximum
penalties, with the following exceptions: Section 311(b)(7)(D) of
the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D), refers to a minimum
penalty of ``not less than $100,000 . . .''; Section 104B(d)(1) of
the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, 33 U.S.C.
1414b(d)(1), refers to an exact penalty of $600 ``[f]or each dry ton
(or equivalent) of sewage sludge or industrial waste dumped or
transported by the person in violation of this subsection in
calendar year 1992. . .''; and Section 325(d)(1) of the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1),
refers to an exact civil penalty of $25,000 for each frivolous trade
secret claim.
\4\ Current and historical CPI-U's can be found on the Bureau of
Labor Statistics' website here: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/supplemental-files/historical-cpi-u-202010.pdf.
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With this rule, the new statutory maximum and minimum penalty
levels listed in the third column of Table 1 of 40 CFR 19.4 will apply
to all civil monetary penalties assessed on or after December 23, 2020,
for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, the date the 2015
Act was enacted. The former maximum and minimum statutory civil
monetary penalty levels, which are in the fourth column of Table 1 to
40 CFR 19.4, will now apply only to violations that occurred after
November 2, 2015, where the penalties were assessed on or after January
13, 2020, but before December 23, 2020. The statutory civil monetary
penalty levels that apply to violations that occurred on or before
November 2, 2015, are codified at Table 2 to 40 CFR 19.4. The fifth
column of Table 1 and the seventh column of Table 2 display the
statutory civil monetary penalty levels as originally enacted.
The formula for determining the cost-of-living or inflation
adjustment to
[[Page 83819]]
statutory civil monetary penalties consists of the following steps:
Step 1: The cost-of-living adjustment multiplier for 2021 is the
percentage by which the CPI-U of October 2020 (260.388) exceeds the
CPI-U for the month of October 2019 (257.346), which is 1.01182.\5\
Multiply 1.01182 by the current penalty amount. This is the raw
adjusted penalty value.
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\5\ Section 5(b) of the 2015 Act provides that the term ``cost-
of-living adjustment'' means the percentage (if any) for each civil
monetary penalty by which--
(1) the Consumer Price Index for the month of October preceding
the date of the adjustment, exceeds
(2) the Consumer Price Index for the month of October 1 year
before the month of October referred to in paragraph (2).
Because the CPI-U for October 2020 is 260.388 and the CPI-U for
October 2019 is 257.346, the cost-of-living multiplier is 1.01182
(260.388 divided by 257.346).
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Step 2: Round the raw adjusted penalty value. Section 5 of the 2015
Act states that any adjustment shall be rounded to the nearest multiple
of $1. The result is the final penalty value for the year.
II. The 2015 Act Requires Federal Agencies To Publish Annual Penalty
Inflation Adjustments Notwithstanding Section 553 of the Administrative
Procedure Act
Pursuant to section 4 of the 2015 Act, each Federal agency is
required to publish adjustments no later than January 15 each year. In
accordance with section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA),
most rules are subject to notice and comment and are effective no
earlier than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register.
However, section 4(b)(2) of the 2015 Act provides that each agency
shall make the annual inflation adjustments ``notwithstanding section
553'' of the APA. Consistent with the language of the 2015 Act, this
rule is not subject to notice and an opportunity for public comment and
will be effective on December 23, 2020.
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Additional information about these statutes and Executive orders
can be found at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant regulatory action and was
therefore not submitted to OMB for review.
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
This action is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action
because this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This action does not impose an information collection burden under
the PRA. This rule merely increases the level of statutory civil
monetary penalties that can be imposed in the context of a Federal
civil administrative enforcement action or civil judicial case for
violations of EPA-administered statutes and their implementing
regulations.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
This action is not subject to the RFA. The RFA applies only to
rules subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the
APA, 5 U.S.C. 553, or any other statute. Because the 2015 Act directs
Federal agencies to publish this rule notwithstanding section 553 of
the APA, this rule is not subject to notice and comment requirements or
the RFA.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. This action is required by the 2015 Act, without the
exercise of any policy discretion by the EPA. This action also imposes
no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal governments or the
private sector. Because the calculation of any increase is formula-
driven pursuant to the 2015 Act, the EPA has no policy discretion to
vary the amount of the adjustment.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between
the National Government and the States, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This action does not have tribal implications as specified in
Executive Order 13175.
This rule merely reconciles the real value of current statutory
civil monetary penalty levels to reflect and keep pace with the levels
originally set by Congress when the statutes were enacted or amended.
The calculation of the increases is formula-driven and prescribed by
statute, and the EPA has no discretion to vary the amount of the
adjustment to reflect any views or suggestions provided by commenters.
Accordingly, this rule will not have a substantial direct effect on
tribal governments, on the relationship between the Federal Government
and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in
section 2-202 of the Executive order. This action is not subject to
Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental
health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, because it is
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
The rulemaking does not involve technical standards.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
The EPA believes that this action is not subject to Executive Order
12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) because it does not establish an
environmental health or safety standard. Rather, this action is
mandated by the 2015 Act, which prescribes a formula for adjusting
statutory civil penalties on an annual basis to reflect inflation.
L. Congressional Review Act (CRA)
This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of
the United States. The CRA allows the issuing agency to make a rule
effective sooner than otherwise provided by the CRA if the agency makes
a good cause finding
[[Page 83820]]
that notice and comment rulemaking procedures are impracticable,
unnecessary or contrary to the public interest (5 U.S.C. 808(2)). The
EPA finds that the APA's notice and comment rulemaking procedures are
unnecessary because the 2015 Act directs Federal agencies to publish
their annual penalty inflation adjustments ``notwithstanding section
553 [of the APA].''
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 19
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Penalties.
Andrew Wheeler,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, the EPA amends title 40,
chapter I, part 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:
PART 19--ADJUSTMENT OF CIVIL MONETARY PENALTIES FOR INFLATION
0
1. The authority citation for part 19 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Public Law 101-410, Oct. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 890, as
amended by Public Law 104-134, title III, sec. 31001(s)(1), Apr. 26,
1996, 110 Stat. 1321-373; Public Law 105-362, title XIII, sec.
1301(a), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293; Public Law 114-74, title
VII, sec. 701(b), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 599.
0
2. Revise Sec. 19.2 to read as follows:
Sec. 19.2 Effective date.
(a) The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the
third column of Table 1 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which
occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where the penalties are
assessed on or after December 23, 2020. The statutory civil monetary
penalty levels set forth in the fourth column of Table 1 of Sec. 19.4
apply to all violations which occurred after November 2, 2015, where
the penalties were assessed on or after January 13, 2020, but before
December 23, 2020.
(b) The statutory monetary penalty levels in the third column of
Table 2 to Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after
December 6, 2013 through November 2, 2015, and to violations occurring
after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1,
2016. The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the
fourth column of Table 2 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which
occurred after January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013. The statutory
civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the fifth column of Table 2
of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after March 15,
2004 through January 12, 2009. The statutory civil monetary penalty
levels set forth in the sixth column of Table 2 of Sec. 19.4 apply to
all violations which occurred after January 30, 1997 through March 15,
2004.
3. Revise the section heading, introductory text, and Table 1 of
Sec. 19.4 to read as follows:
Sec. 19.4 Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for
inflation, and tables.
Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary
penalty provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third
column setting out the latest operative statutory civil monetary
penalty levels for violations that occur or occurred after November 2,
2015, where penalties are assessed on or after December 23, 2020. The
fourth column displays the operative statutory civil monetary penalty
levels where penalties were assessed on or after January 13, 2020, but
before December 23, 2020. Table 2 of this section sets out the
statutory civil monetary penalty provision of statutes administered by
the EPA, with the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels, as
adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred on or before
November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after November 2,
2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.
Table 1 of Sec. 19.4--Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
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Statutory civil Statutory civil
monetary penalties monetary penalties
for violations that for violations that
occur or occurred occurred after
Environmental after November 2, November 2, 2015, Statutory civil
U.S. Code citation statute 2015, where where penalties were monetary penalties,
penalties are assessed on or after as enacted
assessed on or January 13, 2020,
after December 23, but before December
2020 23, 2020
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7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1).......... FEDERAL $20,528 $20,288 $5,000
INSECTICIDE,
FUNGICIDE, AND
RODENTICIDE
ACT (FIFRA).
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) \1\...... FIFRA.......... 3,011/1,940/3,011 2,976/1,917/2,976 1,000/500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)......... TOXIC 41,056 40,576 25,000
SUBSTANCES
CONTROL ACT
(TSCA).
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)............ TSCA........... 11,803 11,665 5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)............ TSCA........... 9,753 9,639 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)......... PROGRAM FRAUD 11,803 11,665 5,000
CIVIL REMEDIES
ACT (PFCRA).
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)......... PFCRA.......... 11,803 11,665 5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)............ CLEAN WATER ACT 56,460 55,800 25,000
(CWA).
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)...... CWA............ 22,584/56,460 22,320/55,800 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)...... CWA............ 22,584/282,293 22,320/278,995 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)... CWA............ 19,505/48,762 19,277/48,192 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii).. CWA............ 19,505/243,808 19,277/240,960 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)...... CWA............ 48,762/1,951 48,192/1,928 25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)...... CWA............ 48,762 48,192 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)...... CWA............ 48,762 48,192 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)...... CWA............ 195,047/5,851 192,768/5,783 100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)........ MARINE 1,299 1,284 600
PROTECTION,
RESEARCH, AND
SANCTUARIES
ACT (MPRSA).
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)............ MPRSA.......... 205,276/270,784 202,878/267,621 50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see CERTAIN ALASKAN 14,966/37,412 14,791/36,975 10,000/25,000
1409(a)(2)(A)). CRUISE SHIP
OPERATIONS
(CACSO).
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see CACSO.......... 14,966/187,059 14,791/184,874 10,000/125,000
1409(a)(2)(B)).
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see CACSO.......... 37,412 36,975 25,000
1409(b)(1)).
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1)......... ACT TO PREVENT 76,764 75,867 25,000
POLLUTION FROM
SHIPS (APPS).
[[Page 83821]]
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2)......... APPS........... 15,352 15,173 5,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b).......... SAFE DRINKING 59,017 58,328 25,000
WATER ACT
(SDWA).
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A).... SDWA........... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B).... SDWA........... 11,803/41,120 11,665/40,640 5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C).... SDWA........... 41,120 40,640 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)....... SDWA........... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)....... SDWA........... 23,607/295,088 23,331/291,641 10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)....... SDWA........... 11,803/295,088 11,665/291,641 5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c).......... SDWA........... 20,528/43,792 20,288/43,280 5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)............ SDWA........... 24,674 24,386 15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c).......... SDWA........... 143,621/1,436,220 141,943/1,419,442 100,000/1,000,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)......... SDWA........... 10,263 10,143 2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c).......... SDWA........... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)....... SDWA........... 41,120 40,640 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)......... SDWA........... 10,832/108,315 10,705/107,050 5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)........ RESIDENTIAL 18,364 18,149 10,000
LEAD-BASED
PAINT HAZARD
REDUCTION ACT
OF 1992.
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)......... NOISE CONTROL 38,805 38,352 10,000
ACT OF 1972.
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)......... RESOURCE 102,638 101,439 25,000
CONSERVATION
AND RECOVERY
ACT (RCRA).
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)............ RCRA........... 61,820 61,098 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)............ RCRA........... 76,764 75,867 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)......... RCRA........... 61,820 61,098 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)............ RCRA........... 15,352 15,173 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)............ RCRA........... 15,352 15,173 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)........ RCRA........... 61,820 61,098 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)........ RCRA........... 24,730 24,441 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)........ RCRA........... 24,730 24,441 10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)............ CLEAN AIR ACT 102,638 101,439 25,000
(CAA).
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)......... CAA............ 48,762/390,092 48,192/385,535 25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)......... CAA............ 9,753 9,639 5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)............ CAA............ 48,762/4,876 48,192/4,819 25,000/2,500
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)......... CAA............ 390,092 385,535 200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)......... CAA............ 48,762 48,192 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)...... COMPREHENSIVE 59,017 58,328 25,000
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESPONSE,
COMPENSATION,
AND LIABILITY
ACT (CERCLA).
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)......... CERCLA......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)......... CERCLA......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)............ CERCLA......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)............ CERCLA......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)........... EMERGENCY 59,017 58,328 25,000
PLANNING AND
COMMUNITY
RIGHT-TO-KNOW
ACT (EPCRA).
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A)..... EPCRA.......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)........ EPCRA.......... 23,607 23,331 10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)........ MERCURY- 16,450 16,258 10,000
CONTAINING AND
RECHARGEABLE
BATTERY
MANAGEMENT ACT
(BATTERY ACT).
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)........... BATTERY ACT.... 16,450 16,258 10,000
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\1\ Note that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first
mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L.
95-396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92-516).
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2020-26997 Filed 12-22-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P