[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 232 (Wednesday, December 2, 2020)]
[Notices]
[Pages 77481-77486]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-26576]


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DEPARTMENT OF STATE

[Public Notice 11271]


Request for Information for the 2021 Trafficking in Persons 
Report

ACTION: Request for information for the 2021 Trafficking in Persons 
Report.

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SUMMARY: The Department of State (``the Department'') requests written 
information to assist in reporting on the degree to which the United 
States and foreign governments meet the minimum standards for the 
elimination of trafficking in persons (``minimum standards'') that are 
prescribed by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, as 
amended (``TVPA''). This information will assist in the preparation of 
the Trafficking in Persons Report (``TIP Report'') that the Department 
submits annually to the U.S. Congress on governments' concrete actions 
to meet the minimum standards. Foreign governments that do not meet the 
minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so may 
be subject to restrictions on nonhumanitarian, nontrade-related foreign 
assistance from the United States, as defined by the TVPA. Submissions 
must be made in writing to the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking 
in Persons at the Department of State by February 1, 2021. Please refer 
to the Addresses, Scope of Interest, and Information Sought sections of 
this Notice for additional instructions on submission requirements.

DATES: Submissions must be received by 5 p.m. on February 1, 2021.

ADDRESSES: Written submissions and supporting documentation may be 
submitted by the following method:
     Email: [email protected] for submissions related to 
foreign governments and [email protected] for submissions related 
to the United States.
    Scope of Interest: The Department requests information relevant to 
assessing the United States' and foreign governments' concrete actions 
to meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in 
persons during the reporting period (April 1, 2020-March 31, 2021). The 
minimum standards are listed in the Background section. Submissions 
must include information relevant to efforts to meet the minimum 
standards and should include, but need not be limited to, answering the 
questions in the Information Sought section. Submissions need not 
include answers to all the questions; only those questions for which 
the submitter has direct professional experience should be answered, 
and that experience should be noted. For any critique or deficiency 
described, please provide a recommendation to remedy it. Note the 
country or countries that are the focus of the submission.
    Submissions may include written narratives that answer the 
questions presented in this Notice, research, studies, statistics, 
fieldwork, training materials, evaluations, assessments, and other 
relevant evidence of local, state/provincial, and federal/central 
government efforts. To the extent possible, precise dates and numbers 
of officials or citizens affected should be included.
    Written narratives providing factual information should provide 
citations of sources, and copies of and links to the source material 
should be provided. Please send electronic copies of the entire 
submission, including source material. If primary sources are used, 
such as research studies, interviews, direct observations, or other 
sources of quantitative or qualitative data, provide details on the 
research or data-gathering methodology and any supporting 
documentation. The Department only includes in the TIP Report 
information related to trafficking in persons as defined by the TVPA; 
it does not include, and is therefore not seeking, information on 
prostitution, migrant smuggling, visa fraud, or child abuse, unless 
such crimes also involve the elements of sex trafficking or forced 
labor.
    Confidentiality: Please provide the name, phone number, and email 
address of a single point of contact for any submission. It is 
Department practice not to identify in the TIP Report information 
concerning sources to safeguard those sources. Please note, however, 
that any information submitted to the Department may be releasable 
pursuant to the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act or other 
applicable law. Submissions related to the United States will be shared 
with U.S. government agencies, as will submissions relevant to efforts 
by other U.S. government agencies.
    Response: This is a request for information only; there will be no 
response to submissions.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

1. Background

    Definitions: The TVPA defines ``severe forms of trafficking in 
persons'' as:
     Sex trafficking: The recruitment, harboring, 
transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a 
person for the purpose of a commercial sex act that is induced by 
force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform 
such act has not attained 18 years of age.
     Forced labor (also known as labor trafficking): The 
recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a 
person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or 
coercion, for the purposes of involuntary servitude, peonage, debt 
bondage, or slavery.
     Child soldiering: Child soldiering is a form of human 
trafficking when a government armed group, (including police or other 
security force), paramilitary organization, rebel group, or other non-
state armed group unlawfully recruits or uses children--through force, 
fraud, or coercion--as combatants or in other support roles, including 
as cooks, porters, guards, messengers, medics, guards, servants, spies, 
or sex slaves.
    The TIP Report: The TIP Report is the most comprehensive worldwide 
report on governments' efforts to combat trafficking in persons. It 
represents an annually updated, global look at the nature and scope of 
trafficking in persons and the broad range of government actions to 
confront and eliminate it. The U.S. government uses the TIP Report to 
inform diplomacy, to encourage partnership in creating and implementing 
laws and policies to combat trafficking, and to target resources on 
prevention, protection, and prosecution programs. Worldwide, 
international organizations, foreign governments, and nongovernmental 
organizations use the TIP Report as a tool to examine where resources 
are most needed. Prosecuting traffickers, protecting victims, and 
preventing trafficking are the ultimate goals of the TIP Report and of 
the U.S government's anti-trafficking policy.
    The Department prepares the TIP Report with information from across 
the U.S. government, foreign government officials, nongovernmental and 
international organizations, survivors of trafficking in persons, 
published

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reports, and research trips to every region. The TIP Report focuses on 
concrete actions that governments take to fight trafficking in persons, 
including prosecutions, convictions, and sentences for traffickers, as 
well as victim identification and protection measures and prevention 
efforts. Each TIP Report narrative also includes prioritized 
recommendations for each country. These recommendations are used to 
assist the Department in measuring governments' progress from one year 
to the next and determining whether governments meet the minimum 
standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons or are making 
significant efforts to do so.
    The TVPA creates a four-tier ranking system. Tier placement is 
based principally on the extent of concrete government action to combat 
trafficking. The Department first evaluates whether the government 
fully meets the TVPA's minimum standards for the elimination of 
trafficking. Governments that do so are placed on Tier 1. For other 
governments, the Department considers the extent of such efforts. 
Governments that are making significant efforts to meet the minimum 
standards are placed on Tier 2. Governments that do not fully meet the 
minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so are 
placed on Tier 3. Finally, the Department considers Special Watch List 
criteria and, when applicable, places countries on Tier 2 Watch List. 
For more information, the 2020 TIP Report can be found at 
www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/.
    Since the inception of the TIP Report in 2001, the number of 
countries included and ranked has more than doubled; the 2020 TIP 
Report included 188 countries and territories. Around the world, the 
TIP Report and the promising practices reflected therein have inspired 
legislation, national action plans, policy implementation, program 
funding, protection mechanisms that complement prosecution efforts, and 
a stronger global understanding of this crime.
    Since 2003, the primary reporting on the United States' anti-
trafficking activities has been through the annual Attorney General's 
Report to Congress and Assessment of U.S. Government Activities to 
Combat Human Trafficking (``AG Report'') mandated by section 105 of the 
TVPA (22 U.S.C. 7103(d)(7)). Since 2010, the TIP Report, through a 
collaborative interagency process, has included an assessment of U.S. 
government anti-trafficking efforts in light of the minimum standards 
to eliminate trafficking in persons set forth by the TVPA.

II. Minimum Standards for the Elimination of Trafficking in Persons

    The TVPA sets forth the minimum standards for the elimination of 
trafficking in persons as follows:
    (1) The government of the country should prohibit severe forms of 
trafficking in persons and punish acts of such trafficking.
    (2) For the knowing commission of any act of sex trafficking 
involving force, fraud, coercion, or in which the victim of sex 
trafficking is a child incapable of giving meaningful consent, or of 
trafficking which includes rape or kidnapping or which causes a death, 
the government of the country should prescribe punishment commensurate 
with that for grave crimes, such as forcible sexual assault.
    (3) For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form of 
trafficking in persons, the government of the country should prescribe 
punishment that is sufficiently stringent to deter and that adequately 
reflects the heinous nature of the offense.
    (4) The government of the country should make serious and sustained 
efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons.
    The following factors should be considered as indicia of serious 
and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in 
persons:
    (1) Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates 
and prosecutes acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and 
convicts and sentences persons responsible for such acts, that take 
place wholly or partly within the territory of the country, including, 
as appropriate, requiring incarceration of individuals convicted of 
such acts. For purposes of the preceding sentence, suspended or 
significantly reduced sentences for convictions of principal actors in 
cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons shall be considered, on 
a case-by-case basis, whether to be considered as an indicator of 
serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking 
in persons. After reasonable requests from the Department of State for 
data regarding investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and 
sentences, a government which does not provide such data, consistent 
with the capacity of such government to obtain such data, shall be 
presumed not to have vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted, or 
sentenced such acts. During the periods prior to the annual report 
submitted on June 1, 2004, and on June 1, 2005, and the periods 
afterwards until September 30 of each such year, the Secretary of State 
may disregard the presumption contained in the preceding sentence if 
the government has provided some data to the Department of State 
regarding such acts and the Secretary has determined that the 
government is making a good faith effort to collect such data.
    (2) Whether the government of the country protects victims of 
severe forms of trafficking in persons and encourages their assistance 
in the investigation and prosecution of such trafficking, including 
provisions for legal alternatives to their removal to countries in 
which they would face retribution or hardship, and ensures that victims 
are not inappropriately incarcerated, fined, or otherwise penalized 
solely for unlawful acts as a direct result of being trafficked, 
including by providing training to law enforcement and immigration 
officials regarding the identification and treatment of trafficking 
victims using approaches that focus on the needs of the victims.
    (3) Whether the government of the country has adopted measures to 
prevent severe forms of trafficking in persons, such as measures to 
inform and educate the public, including potential victims, about the 
causes and consequences of severe forms of trafficking in persons, 
measures to establish the identity of local populations, including 
birth registration, citizenship, and nationality, measures to ensure 
that its nationals who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, 
peacekeeping, or other similar mission do not engage in or facilitate 
severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such 
trafficking, a transparent system for remediating or punishing such 
public officials as a deterrent, measures to prevent the use of forced 
labor or child labor in violation of international standards, effective 
bilateral, multilateral, or regional information sharing and 
cooperation arrangements with other countries, and effective policies 
or laws regulating foreign labor recruiters and holding them civilly 
and criminally liable for fraudulent recruiting.
    (4) Whether the government of the country cooperates with other 
governments in the investigation and prosecution of severe forms of 
trafficking in persons and has entered into bilateral, multilateral, or 
regional law enforcement cooperation and coordination arrangements with 
other countries.
    (5) Whether the government of the country extradites persons 
charged with

[[Page 77483]]

acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons on substantially the 
same terms and to substantially the same extent as persons charged with 
other serious crimes (or, to the extent such extradition would be 
inconsistent with the laws of such country or with international 
agreements to which the country is a party, whether the government is 
taking all appropriate measures to modify or replace such laws and 
treaties so as to permit such extradition).
    (6) Whether the government of the country monitors immigration and 
emigration patterns for evidence of severe forms of trafficking in 
persons and whether law enforcement agencies of the country respond to 
any such evidence in a manner that is consistent with the vigorous 
investigation and prosecution of acts of such trafficking, as well as 
with the protection of human rights of victims and the internationally 
recognized human right to leave any country, including one's own, and 
to return to one's own country.
    (7) Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates, 
prosecutes, convicts, and sentences public officials, including 
diplomats and soldiers, who participate in or facilitate severe forms 
of trafficking in persons, including nationals of the country who are 
deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar 
mission who engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in 
persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, and takes all 
appropriate measures against officials who condone such trafficking. A 
government's failure to appropriately address public allegations 
against such public officials, especially once such officials have 
returned to their home countries, shall be considered inaction under 
these criteria. After reasonable requests from the Department of State 
for data regarding such investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and 
sentences, a government which does not provide such data consistent 
with its resources shall be presumed not to have vigorously 
investigated, prosecuted, convicted, or sentenced such acts. During the 
periods prior to the annual report submitted on June 1, 2004, and June 
1, 2005, and the periods afterwards until September 30 of each such 
year, the Secretary of State may disregard the presumption contained in 
the preceding sentence if the government has provided some data to the 
Department of State regarding such acts and the Secretary has 
determined that the government is making a good faith effort to collect 
such data.
    (8) Whether the percentage of victims of severe forms of 
trafficking in the country that are non-citizens of such countries is 
insignificant.
    (9) Whether the government has entered into effective, transparent 
partnerships, cooperative arrangements, or agreements that have 
resulted in concrete and measurable outcomes with
    (A) domestic civil society organizations, private sector entities, 
or international nongovernmental organizations, or into multilateral or 
regional arrangements or agreements, to assist the government's efforts 
to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and punish traffickers; or
    (B) the United States toward agreed goals and objectives in the 
collective fight against trafficking.
    (10) Whether the government of the country, consistent with the 
capacity of such government, systematically monitors its efforts to 
satisfy the criteria described in paragraphs (1) through (8) and makes 
available publicly a periodic assessment of such efforts.
    (11) Whether the government of the country achieves appreciable 
progress in eliminating severe forms of trafficking when compared to 
the assessment in the previous year.
    (12) Whether the government of the country has made serious and 
sustained efforts to reduce the demand for
    (A) commercial sex acts; and
    (B) participation in international sex tourism by nationals of the 
country.

III. Information Sought Relevant to the Minimum Standards

    Submissions should include, but need not be limited to, answers to 
relevant questions below for which the submitter has direct 
professional experience. Citations to source material should also be 
provided. Note the country or countries that are the focus of the 
submission. Please see the Scope of Interest section above for detailed 
information regarding submission requirements.

Trafficking Profile

    1. Describe the country's trafficking situation, including the 
forms of trafficking that occur, industries and sectors in which 
traffickers exploit victims, countries/regions in which traffickers 
recruit victims, locations and regions in which trafficking occurs, and 
recruitment methods. What groups are at particular risk of human 
trafficking? Are citizens of the country identified as victims of human 
trafficking abroad? Does child sex tourism occur in the country or 
involve its nationals abroad, and if so, in which countries? Have 
trafficking methods and trends changed in the past 12 months, including 
as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic?
    2. What was the extent of official complicity in trafficking 
crimes? Were officials--including police, immigration officials, 
diplomats, peacekeepers, military personnel--government contractors, or 
government grantees directly or indirectly facilitating or enabling 
trafficking in persons? Did they operate as traffickers, enable 
traffickers, or take actions that may facilitate trafficking (including 
accepting bribes to allow undocumented border crossings or suspending 
active investigations of suspected traffickers, etc.)?
    3. Was there a government policy or pattern of human trafficking, 
such as in government-funded or -affiliated services or programs within 
the country or abroad? Did government policies, regulations, or 
agreements relating to migration, labor, trade, and investment 
facilitate vulnerabilities to, or incidence of, forced labor or sex 
trafficking? Were there examples of trafficking occurring in state 
institutions (e.g., prisons, orphanages or child foster homes, 
institutions for mentally or physically disabled persons, camps, 
compounds, or outposts)? If so, what measures did the government take 
to end such practices?
    4. What proactive measures did the government take to prevent 
official complicity in trafficking in persons crimes? How did the 
government respond to reports of complicity that arose during the 
reporting period, including investigations, prosecutions, convictions, 
and sentencing of complicit officials? Were these efforts sufficient?
    5. Is there evidence that nationals of the country deployed abroad 
as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission have 
engaged in or facilitated trafficking, including in domestic servitude? 
Has the government vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted, and 
sentenced nationals engaged in these activities?

Overview

    6. What were the government's major accomplishments in addressing 
human trafficking since April 1, 2020? In what significant ways have 
the government's efforts to combat trafficking in persons changed in 
the past year? How have new laws, regulations, policies, or 
implementation strategies (e.g., substantive criminal laws and 
procedures, mechanisms for civil remedies, and victim-witness security, 
generally and in relation to court proceedings) affected its anti-
trafficking response?
    7. Over the past year, what were the greatest deficiencies in the 
government's anti-trafficking efforts? What were the limitations on the 
government's ability

[[Page 77484]]

to address human trafficking problems in practice?
    8. If the government had a national action plan to address 
trafficking, how was it implemented in practice? Were NGOs and other 
relevant civil society stakeholders consulted in the development and 
implementation of the plan? Did the government fund, partially fund, or 
not fund the plan?
    9. How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the government's efforts 
to coordinate, execute, and monitor its anti-trafficking response, if 
at all? How have anti-trafficking officials, units, and coordinating 
bodies continued to operate and adapt?
    10. Have investigative agencies and courts adapted to impacts from 
COVID-19? If so, how? Do police, prosecutors, and courts continue to 
process trafficking cases and/or has the volume of these cases changed? 
What has been the impact on officials' ability to collect evidence, 
including victim testimony?
    11. Please provide additional information and/or recommendations to 
improve the government's anti-trafficking efforts overall.
    12. Please highlight effective strategies and practices that other 
governments could consider adopting.

Prosecution

    13. Please provide observations regarding the implementation of 
existing laws, policies and procedures. Are there gaps in anti-
trafficking legislation that could be amended to improve the 
government's response? Are there any government policies that have 
undermined or otherwise negatively affected anti-trafficking efforts 
within that country?
    14. Do government officials understand the nature of all forms of 
trafficking? If not, please provide examples of misconceptions or 
misunderstandings. Did the government effectively provide or support 
anti-trafficking trainings for officials? If not, how could they be 
improved?
    15. Please provide observations on overall anti-trafficking law 
enforcement efforts and the efforts of police and prosecutors to pursue 
trafficking cases. Were any trafficking cases investigated and/or 
prosecuted, and were any traffickers convicted during the reporting 
period--including under trafficking-specific laws and non-trafficking 
laws? Is the government equally vigorous in pursuing forced labor and 
sex trafficking, internal and transnational trafficking, and crimes 
that involve its own nationals or foreign citizens? If not, why?
    16. Please note any efforts to investigate and prosecute suspects 
for knowingly soliciting or patronizing a sex trafficking victim to 
perform a commercial sex act. Does law enforcement pursue trafficking 
cases that would hold accountable corporations for forced labor in 
supply chains within the country?
    17. Do judges appear appropriately knowledgeable and sensitized to 
trafficking cases? Do they implement and encourage trauma-informed 
practices in their courts?
    18. What sentences have courts imposed upon traffickers? Are these 
sentences generally strict enough to reflect the serious nature of the 
crime, and are they comparable to sentences for other similar crimes, 
such as rape and kidnapping? How common are fines, suspended sentences, 
and prison time of less than one year for convicted traffickers?

Protection

    19. Did the government make a coordinated, proactive effort to 
identify victims of all forms of trafficking? If the government had any 
written procedures for screening for trafficking, were those procedures 
sufficient and implemented effectively by officials? What steps do 
officials take if a potential case of human trafficking is identified? 
Are those steps sufficient? Did officials effectively coordinate among 
one another and with relevant nongovernmental organizations to conduct 
screenings and refer victims to care? Is there any trafficking 
screening conducted before deportation or when detaining migrants, 
including unaccompanied minors? Are interpreters available for 
screening foreign victims? If commercial sex is legalized or 
decriminalized, how did health officials, labor inspectors, or police 
identify trafficking victims among persons involved in commercial sex? 
If commercial sex is illegal, did the government proactively identify 
trafficking victims during raids or other encounters with commercial 
sex establishments? How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the 
government's victim identification and referral efforts, if at all?
    20. Does the government operate a hotline for potential victims? If 
so, what are the hours of operation? What languages could it 
accommodate? Were victims identified and cases referred to law 
enforcement as a result of calls to the hotline? What did the 
government do to publicize the hotline? Did it remain in operation 
during the COVID-19 pandemic?
    21. What victim services are available and provided (legal, 
medical, food, shelter, interpretation, mental health care, employment, 
training, etc.)? Who provides these services? If nongovernment 
organizations provide the services, does the government support their 
work either financially or otherwise? Are these service providers 
required to be trained on human trafficking and victim identification? 
How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected government and NGO efforts to 
provide shelter, medical, and psycho-social care to victims?
    22. What was the overall quality of victim care? How could victim 
services be improved? Was government funding for trafficking victim 
protection and assistance adequate? Are there gaps in access to victim 
services? Are services available regardless of geographic location 
within the country? Are services victim-centered and trauma-informed?
    23. Are services provided adequately to victims of both labor and 
sex trafficking? Adults and children, including men and boys? Citizens 
and noncitizens of all ethnic backgrounds or nationalities? LGBTI 
persons? Persons with disabilities? Were such benefits linked to 
whether a victim assisted law enforcement or participated in a trial, 
or whether a trafficker was convicted? Could victims choose 
independently whether to enter a shelter, and could they leave at will 
if residing in a shelter? Could adult victims leave shelter premises 
unchaperoned? Could victims seek employment and work while receiving 
assistance?
    24. Do service providers and law enforcement work together 
cooperatively, for instance to share information about trafficking 
trends or to plan for services after a raid? What is the level of 
cooperation, communication, and trust between service providers and law 
enforcement?
    25. Were there means by which victims could obtain restitution from 
defendants in criminal cases or file civil suits against traffickers 
for damages, and did this happen in practice? Did prosecutors request 
and/or courts order restitution in all cases where it was required, and 
if not, why?
    26. How did the government encourage victims to assist in the 
investigation and prosecution of trafficking? How did the government 
protect victims during the trial process? If a victim was a witness in 
a court case, was the victim permitted to obtain employment, move 
freely about the country, or leave the country pending trial 
proceedings? How did the government work to ensure victims were not re-
traumatized during participation in trial proceedings? Could victims 
provide testimony via video or

[[Page 77485]]

written statements? Were victims' identities kept confidential as part 
of such proceedings? In what ways could the government support 
increased participation of victims in prosecutions against their 
traffickers?
    27. Did the government provide, through a formal policy or 
otherwise, temporary or permanent residency status, or other relief 
from deportation, for foreign victims of human trafficking who may face 
retribution or hardship in the countries to which they would be 
deported? Were foreign victims given the opportunity to seek legal 
employment while in this temporary or permanent residency? Were such 
benefits linked to whether a victim assisted law enforcement, 
participated in a trial or whether there was a successful prosecution? 
Does the government repatriate victims who wish to return home or 
assist with third country resettlement? Are victims awaiting 
repatriation or third country resettlement offered services? Are 
victims indeed repatriated, or are they deported? Did the government 
extend additional immigration relief to victims who would otherwise be 
deported or repatriated to countries with a high risk of COVID-19 
infection or who could not return to their home countries due to travel 
restrictions?
    28. Does the government effectively assist its nationals exploited 
abroad? Does the government work to ensure victims receive adequate 
assistance and support for their repatriation while in destination 
countries? Does the government provide adequate assistance to 
repatriated victims after their return to their countries of origin, 
and if so, what forms of assistance?
    29. Does the government arrest, detain, imprison, or otherwise 
punish trafficking victims (whether or not identified as such by 
authorities) for unlawful acts their traffickers compelled them to 
commit (forgery of documents, illegal immigration, unauthorized 
employment, prostitution, theft, or drug production or transport, 
etc.)? If so, do these victims disproportionately represent a certain 
gender, race, ethnicity, or other group or particular type of 
trafficking? Does law enforcement screen for trafficking victims when 
detaining or arresting individuals engaged in commercial sex or 
individuals that may be at particular risk of human trafficking?

Prevention

    30. What efforts has the government made to prevent human 
trafficking? Please describe any government-funded anti-trafficking 
information or education campaigns or training, whether aimed at the 
public or at specific sectors or stakeholders/actors. Did these 
campaigns or trainings target potential trafficking victims, potential 
first responders or other trusted authorities, known trafficking 
sectors or vulnerabilities, and/or the demand for human trafficking 
(e.g., buyers of commercial sex or goods produced with forced labor)? 
Does the government provide financial support to nongovernment 
organizations working to promote public awareness?
    31. How did the government regulate, oversee, and screen for 
trafficking indicators in the labor recruitment process, including for 
both licensed and unlicensed recruitment and placement agencies, 
individual recruiters, sub-brokerages, and microfinance lending 
operations? Did it maintain labor attach[eacute]s abroad and were they 
trained on human trafficking indicators? How effective were these 
efforts in preventing abuse?
    32. What did the government do to regulate recruitment practices 
that are known to contribute to trafficking in persons? Specifically, 
did the government prohibit (in any context) charging workers 
recruitment fees? Also indicate if the government prohibited the 
recruitment of workers through knowingly fraudulent job offers 
(including misrepresenting wages, working conditions, location, or 
nature of the job), contract switching, and confiscating or otherwise 
denying workers access to their identity documents. If there are laws 
or regulations on recruitment, did the government effectively enforce 
them?
    33. What steps did the government take to minimize the trafficking 
risks faced by migrant workers departing from or arriving in the 
country and to raise awareness among potential labor migrants about the 
risks of human trafficking, legal limits on recruitment fees, or their 
rights while abroad? Did the government coordinate with other 
governments (e.g., via bilateral agreements with migrant labor sending 
or receiving countries) on safe and responsible recruitment that 
included prevention measures to target known trafficking indicators? To 
what extent were these implemented? Are workers (both nationals of the 
country and foreign nationals) in all industries (e.g., domestic work, 
agriculture, etc.) equally and sufficiently protected under existing 
labor laws?
    34. What did the government do to ensure that its policies, 
regulations, and agreements relating to migration, labor, trade, and 
investment did not facilitate trafficking?
    35. How did the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic 
affect the ability of migrant workers to continue earning an income, to 
enter and exit the country, and to maintain their immigration status? 
What steps did the government take to mitigate the increased risk of 
human trafficking some migrant workers may have faced due to the 
pandemic (job creation or placement for out-of-work labor migrants, 
extension of immigration relief, etc.)?
    36. If the government has entered into bilateral, multilateral, or 
regional anti-trafficking information-sharing and cooperation 
arrangements, are they effective and have they resulted in concrete and 
measurable outcomes? If not, why?
    37. Did the government provide assistance to other governments in 
combating trafficking in persons through trainings or other assistance 
programs?
    38. What measures has the government taken to reduce the 
participation by nationals of the country in international and domestic 
child sex tourism?
    39. Did the government take sufficient measures to establish the 
identity of local populations, including birth registration and 
issuance of documentation, citizenship, and nationality?

Child Soldiering

    40. Did government officials engage in, support, or otherwise 
facilitate the unlawful recruitment or use of children in the 
government's armed forces, police, or other security forces? [NOTE: 
This can include combat roles as well as support roles, but please be 
specific in this regard if possible.] Did the government provide 
support to any armed groups that recruited and/or used child soldiers 
in combat or support roles? What was the extent of the support (e.g., 
in-kind, financial, training, etc.)? Describe the conditions of 
military detention of child soldiers and/or children accused of 
association with armed groups, including: (1) The typical length of 
time the children are held; (2) access to legal aid and rehabilitation 
services; (3) the conditions of the detention facility including food, 
sanitation, crowding, etc. and whether children are segregated from 
adults and by gender; (4) allegations of suspected sexual exploitation 
while in detention, including of female child soldiers; and (5) 
allegations children and/or child soldiers are used for labor, 
intelligence gathering, or to screen other detained persons.

[[Page 77486]]

    41. Please provide observations regarding government efforts to 
address the issue of unlawful recruitment or use of children by 
governmental armed groups and/or non-state armed groups. Describe the 
government's efforts to disarm and demobilize child soldiers, to 
provide protection services and reintegrate former child soldiers, and 
to monitor the wellbeing of such children after reintegration. Does the 
government have any children held in military detention due to their 
suspected roles as child soldiers? Do international monitoring 
organizations (e.g., UN, ICRC, HRW) have unhindered access to interview 
these detained children and/or child soldiers and monitor the 
conditions of their detention? Describe the conditions of military 
detention of child soldiers and/or children accused of association with 
armed groups. Does the government have and/or use any hand-over 
procedures to transfer these children to civilian authorities?

Catherine E. Kay,
Deputy Director, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, 
Department of State.
[FR Doc. 2020-26576 Filed 12-1-20; 8:45 am]
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