[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 207 (Monday, October 26, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 67906-67936]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-22558]



[[Page 67905]]

Vol. 85

Monday,

No. 207

October 26, 2020

Part III





Consumer Product Safety Commission





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16 CFR Parts 1112, 1130, et al.





Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 207 / Monday, October 26, 2020 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 67906]]


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CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION

16 CFR Parts 1112, 1130 and 1241

[CPSC Docket No. 2020-0023]


Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses

AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: The Danny Keysar Child Product Safety Notification Act, 
section 104 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 
(CPSIA), requires the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission 
(CPSC) to promulgate consumer product safety standards for durable 
infant or toddler products. These standards are to be ``substantially 
the same as'' the applicable voluntary standard, or more stringent than 
the voluntary standard, if the Commission determines that more 
stringent requirements would further reduce the risk of injury 
associated with the product. The Commission is proposing a safety 
standard for crib mattresses. The scope of the proposed rule includes 
full-size and non-full-size crib mattresses, as well as after-market 
mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs. The Commission is 
also proposing to amend CPSC's consumer registration requirements to 
identify crib mattresses within the scope of the proposed rule as 
durable infant or toddler products, and proposing to amend CPSC's list 
of notice of requirements (NORs) to include such crib mattresses.

DATES: Submit comments by January 11, 2021.

ADDRESSES: Comments related to the Paperwork Reduction Act aspects of 
the marking, labeling, and instructional literature requirements of the 
proposed mandatory standard for crib mattresses should be directed to 
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of 
Management and Budget, Attn: CPSC Desk Officer, Fax: 202-395-6974, or 
emailed to [email protected].
    Other comments, identified by Docket No. CPSC-2020-0023, may be 
submitted electronically or in writing:
    Electronic Submissions: Submit electronic comments to the Federal 
eRulemaking Portal at: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the 
instructions for submitting comments. CPSC does not accept comments 
submitted by electronic mail (email), except through 
www.regulations.gov. CPSC encourages you to submit electronic comments 
by using the Federal eRulemaking Portal, as described above.
    Mail/Hand Delivery/Courier Written Submissions: Submit comments by 
mail/hand delivery/courier to: Division of the Secretariat, Consumer 
Product Safety Commission, Room 820, 4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, 
MD 20814; telephone: (301) 504-7479; email: [email protected].
    Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and 
docket number for this notification. CPSC may post all comments 
received without change, including any personal identifiers, contact 
information, or other personal information provided, to: https://www.regulations.gov. Do not submit electronically: Confidential 
business information, trade secret information, or other sensitive or 
protected information that you do not want to be available to the 
public. If you wish to submit such information, please submit it 
according to the instructions for mail/hand delivery/courier 
submissions.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
comments received, go to: http://www.regulations.gov, and insert the 
docket number, CPSC-2020-0023, into the ``Search'' box, and follow the 
prompts.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Hope E J. Nesteruk, Project Manager, 
Directorate for Engineering, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5 
Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850; telephone: (301) 987-2547; email: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background and Statutory Authority

A. Background

    On June 16, 2015, the president of Keeping Babies Safe (KBS) and 
the mother of a child who died in an incident involving an after-market 
play yard mattress, petitioned the CPSC, requesting a ban on 
supplemental mattresses for play yards with non-rigid sides (petition 
CP 15-2: Petition Requesting Rulemaking on Supplemental Mattresses for 
Play Yards with Non-Rigid Sides). The petitioner alleged that ``thicker 
mattresses create a suffocation hazard because they create a gap 
between the mattress pad sides and the side of the portable crib where 
a baby can suffocate when the baby's head falls in such gap while lying 
in the prone position.'' Petitioner asserted that ``no feasible 
consumer product safety standard would adequately protect babies from 
the unreasonable risk of injury and death associated with the 
product.''
    CPSC staff prepared a briefing package for the petition, 
recommending that the Commission defer action on the petition, so that 
staff could work on voluntary standards for crib mattresses and play 
yards to address the hazards identified in the petition. Staff noted 
that any work on the play yard voluntary standard could become a 
mandatory standard through the Public Law 112-28 update process, 
because the Commission has an existing mandatory standard for play 
yards (16 CFR part 1221); however, any changes to the crib mattress 
voluntary standard would remain a voluntary standard, because the 
Commission does not have a mandatory rule for crib mattresses.
    On May 25, 2017, in response to the petition request and staff's 
recommendation to defer the petition, the Commission voted \1\ (3-2) to 
``take other action'' and granted the petition, directing staff to: (1) 
Initiate a rulemaking under section 104 of the CPSIA for a mandatory 
consumer product safety standard that will address the risk of injury 
associated with the use of crib mattresses, (2) include ``supplemental 
and aftermarket mattresses used in play yards and portable cribs'' \2\ 
within the scope of the crib mattress rulemaking, and (3) update the 
product registration card rule (16 CFR part 1130) to include ``crib 
mattresses'' in the list of durable infant or toddler products subject 
to the rule.
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    \1\ https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/RCA-Petition_CP_15-2_Requesting_Ban_on_Supplemental_Mattresses_for_Play_Yards_with_Non-Rigid_Sides_052517.pdf.
    \2\ Although the petitioner used the term ``supplemental 
mattress,'' ASTM F2933-19 uses and defines the term ``after-market'' 
mattress. Both terms refer to a mattress that is bought separately 
from a play yard or non-full-size crib. This NPR will use the 
defined term ``after-market'' mattress. Section 3.1.1 of ASTM F2933-
19 defines an ``after-market mattress for a play yard or non-full-
size crib'' as ``a mattress sold or distributed for a play yard or 
non-full-sized crib.'' Section 3.1.1.1 of ASTM F2933-19 states that 
it does not include a replacement mattress sold by an original 
equipment manufacturer as a replacement, if it is equivalent to the 
mattress originally provided with the product.

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[[Page 67907]]

    The Commission issues this notice of proposed rulemaking (NPR) 
under section 104 of the CPSIA to propose a mandatory consumer product 
safety standard for crib mattresses.\3\ Unless otherwise stated, the 
term ``crib mattresses'' in this NPR includes products within the scope 
of the voluntary standard for crib mattresses, ASTM F2933-19, Standard 
Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses (ASTM F2933-19): 
Full-size crib mattresses, non-full-size mattresses, and after-market 
mattresses for play yards and non-full-size crib mattresses.
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    \3\ Previously, on November 21, 2016, the Commission issued a 
notice of proposed rulemaking for a Safety Standard for Portable 
Generators, proposing to codify the standard at 16 CFR part 1241. 81 
FR 83556. The Commission is reusing part 1241 for this proposed rule 
for a Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses, to keep all regulations 
for durable infant or toddler products in one section of the Code of 
Federal Regulations (CFR). The Commission intends to renumber the 
CFR citation for portable generators when that rulemaking is 
finalized.
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B. Statutory Authority

    Section 104(b) of the CPSIA requires the Commission to: (1) Examine 
and assess the effectiveness of voluntary consumer product safety 
standards for durable infant or toddler products, in consultation with 
representatives of consumer groups, juvenile product manufacturers, and 
independent child product engineers and experts; and (2) promulgate 
consumer product safety standards for durable infant or toddler 
products. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(b). Standards issued under section 104 are to 
be ``substantially the same as'' the applicable voluntary standards, or 
more stringent than the voluntary standard, if the Commission 
determines that more stringent requirements would further reduce the 
risk of injury associated with the product. Id. at 2056a(b)(1)(B).
    Regarding the consultation requirement in section 104(b)(1) of the 
CPSIA, CPSC staff regularly participates in the juvenile products 
subcommittee meetings of ASTM International (ASTM). ASTM subcommittees 
consist of members who represent producers, users, consumers, 
government, and academia.\4\ The consultation process for the crib 
mattresses rulemaking commenced during the ASTM subcommittee meeting in 
May 2018, when CPSC staff presented initial recommendations for 
updating the crib mattress voluntary standard to address the incident 
data. Since then, staff has actively participated with the ASTM F15.66 
subcommittee for Crib Mattresses in revising ASTM F2933, Standard 
Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses, to address the 
associated hazards.
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    \4\ ASTM International website: www.astm.org, About ASTM 
International.
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    Section 104(d) of the CPSIA requires manufacturers of durable 
infant or toddler products to establish a product registration program 
and comply with CPSC's implementing rule, 16 CFR part 1130. Any product 
defined as a ``durable infant or toddler product'' in part 1130 must 
comply with the product registration requirements, as well as testing 
and certification requirements for children's products, as codified in 
16 CFR parts 1107 and 1109. Section 104(f)(1) of the CPSIA defines a 
``durable infant or toddler product'' as a ``durable product intended 
for use, or that may be reasonably expected to be used, by children 
under the age of 5 years.'' 15 U.S.C. 2056a(f)(1). Section 104(f)(2) of 
the CPSIA includes a list of categories of products that are durable 
infant or toddler products, including infant sleep products, such as 
cribs (full-size and non-full-size), toddler beds, bassinets and 
cradles, and play yards. Id. 2056a(f)(2).
    Although crib mattresses are used with infant sleep products, crib 
mattresses are not included in the statutory list of durable infant or 
toddler products. The Commission proposes to amend part 1130 to include 
``crib mattresses'' within the scope of ASTM F2933, as durable infant 
or toddler products. As set forth in section IX of this preamble, the 
Commission previously explained that the statutory product list is not 
exhaustive, and the Commission has added products to the list of 
durable infant or toddler products. The Commission proposes to include 
``crib mattresses'' as a ``durable infant or toddler product'' because: 
(1) They are intended for use, and may be reasonably expected to be 
used, by children under the age of 5 years; (2) they are products 
similar to the products listed in section 104(f)(2) of the CPSIA; (3) 
they are used in conjunction with other durable infant or toddler 
products used for unattended infant sleep, such as cribs, bassinets, 
and play yards; and (4) CPSC cannot fully address the risk of injury 
associated with such infant sleep products without addressing the 
hazards associated with the use of crib mattresses in these infant 
sleep products.

C. NPR Overview

    Pursuant to section 104 of the CPSIA, the Commission proposes to 
issue a mandatory standard for crib mattresses, incorporating by 
reference ASTM F2933-19, with modifications to make the standard more 
stringent, to further reduce the risk of injury associated with the use 
of crib mattresses. Proposed modifications in this NPR address: (1) 
Suffocation hazards associated with crib mattresses, due to overly soft 
mattresses, by adding a test for mattress firmness based on sections 6 
and 8 of AS/NZS 8811.1:2013--Methods of testing infant products--Method 
1: Sleep Surfaces--Test (AS/NZS 8811.1); (2) entrapment hazards 
associated with full-size crib mattresses, due to poor mattress fit 
from compression by sheets, by repeating the dimensional conformity 
test and measuring for corner gaps, after installing a shrunken (by 
washing twice) cotton sheet; (3) entrapment hazards associated with 
after-market, non-full-size crib mattresses, due to lack of dimensional 
requirements for rectangular-shaped products, by extending the 
dimensional requirements in ASTM F2933-19 section 5.7.2 to all non-
full-size crib mattresses, regardless of mattress shape, and regardless 
of whether the mattress is sold with a non-full-size crib or as an 
after-market mattress; (4) laceration hazards associated with coils and 
springs breaking and poking through mattresses, by adding a cyclic 
impact test for mattresses that use coils and springs; and (5) the 
risks of SIDS and suffocation related to infant positioning, soft 
bedding, and gap entrapment, by improving the labeling and 
instructional literature requirements to communicate risks better to 
consumers, and to clarify requirements for manufacturers and test labs.
    The Commission also proposes to amend the consumer registration 
rule, part 1130, to identify ``crib mattresses'' as a category of 
``durable infant or toddler products'' subject to the rule. Finally, 
the Commission proposes to amend its regulation at 16 CFR part 1112 to 
add ``crib mattresses'' to the list of products that require third-
party testing as a basis for certification.
    This NPR is based on information provided in the September 30, 
2020, Staff Briefing Package: Draft Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for 
Crib Mattresses \5\ Under the Danny Keysar Child Product Safety 
Notification Act (Staff's NPR Briefing Package), available at: https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Notice-of-Proposed-Rulemaking-Safety-Standard-for-Crib-Mattresses.pdf?mDLf.MBLutFluwt6QFjeZRhYdNLFRR.J.
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    \5\ As well as supplemental and after-market mattresses used in 
play yards and portable cribs.

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[[Page 67908]]

II. Product Description

A. Scope of Products Within the NPR 6
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    \6\ See Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab B for additional 
information on the scope of ASTM F2933-19.
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    The scope of the NPR includes all crib mattresses \7\ within the 
scope of ASTM F2933-19, which addresses three types of crib mattresses:
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    \7\ Section 3.1.4 of ASTM F2933-19 defines a ``crib'' as a ``bed 
that is designed to provide sleeping accommodations for an infant 
which have specific interior dimensions as determined by it being 
either a full size or non-full size crib.'' Section 3.1.5 of ASTM 
F2933-19 defines a ``mattress'' as ``ticking filled with a resilient 
material used alone or in combination with other products intended 
or promoted for sleeping on it.''
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    1. Full-size crib mattresses--Full-size crib mattresses within the 
scope the proposed rule are typically sold separately from the crib in 
which they are intended to be used. Industry refers to full-size crib 
mattresses as a ``standard'' crib mattress. Full-size crib mattresses 
are also used for toddler beds, meaning that one full-size crib 
mattress may be used from birth through the toddler years. The fit of a 
crib mattress inside of a crib is key to preventing infants from 
becoming trapped between the side of the crib and the mattress, and 
suffocating. Accordingly, section 5.7 of ASTM F2933-19 requires that 
the dimensions of a full-size crib mattress shall measure at least 
27\1/4\ in. wide and 51\5/8\ in. long. The interior dimensions of full-
size cribs are 28  \5/8\ in. (710  16 mm) wide 
and 52\3/8\  \5/8\ in. (1330  16 mm) long. 
Full-size crib mattresses come in a variety of designs and are made of 
a broad array of materials. Full-size crib mattresses typically have a 
fabric or vinyl ticking, which covers inner-spring coils or foam. 
Inner-spring mattresses often have a layer of foam or batting between 
the springs and the ticking.
    2. Non-full-size crib mattresses--Non-full-size cribs are cribs 
that differ in dimension or shape from ``standard'' full-size cribs. 
The NPR addresses all non-full-size crib mattresses, regardless of 
whether they are sold separately (after-market), or are sold with a 
non-full-size crib (referred to as original equipment manufactured 
mattresses or OEM mattresses), and regardless of whether they are 
rectangular or non-rectangular in shape.\8\ Because non-full-size cribs 
do not come in a standard size, non-full-size crib mattresses do not 
have defined dimensions. Rather, ASTM F2933-19 sets a minimum effective 
crib-side height for non-full-size cribs and a maximum gap between the 
mattress edge and the crib side.\9\ Section 5.7.2.1 of ASTM F2933-19 
requires that the dimensions of a mattress supplied with a non-full-
size baby crib shall be such that the mattress, when inserted in the 
center of the crib, in a non-compressed state, shall not leave a gap of 
more than \1/2\ in. at any point between the perimeter of the mattress 
and the perimeter of the crib. Currently, section 5.9 of ASTM F2933-19 
requires that after-market, non-rectangular, non-full-size crib 
mattresses be identical to the OEM non-full-size crib mattresses they 
are intended to replace, but only requires warning labels regarding 
dimensions on after-market, rectangular-shaped, non-full-size crib 
mattresses. The Commission proposes in the NPR to extend this 
dimensional requirement to all after-market, non-full-size cribs, 
including non-rectangular and rectangular, non-full-size mattresses.
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    \8\ We note that OEM non-full-size crib mattresses are also 
addressed in the Commission's mandatory rule for non-full-size 
cribs, 16 CFR part 1220, which incorporates by reference ASTM F406. 
The requirements in F406 for OEM non-full-size crib mattresses are 
the same requirements that appear in ASTM F2933 section 5.7.
    \9\ The most common rectangular, non-full-size crib mattress 
available for sale in the U.S. crib mattress market is the ``mini'' 
crib mattress. The mini crib mattress is smaller than the so-called 
``standard'' or full-size crib mattress. The typical size of a 
``mini'' crib mattress is 24'' wide and 38'' long. The depth of a 
``mini'' crib mattress varies, but typically ranges from 1'' to 6''.
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    3. After-market mattresses for play yards--After-market mattresses 
are products sold separately from a play yard,\3\ and that are not sold 
by the OEM as a replacement mattress for their product. Pursuant to 
CPSC's mandatory rule for play yards, part 1221, which incorporates by 
reference ASTM F406-19, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-
Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards (ASTM F406), all play yards must be 
sold with a mattress that is specifically designed to fit that product. 
Part 1221 regulates OEM play yard mattresses, but does not address 
after-market play yard mattresses. This Commission proposes in the NPR 
to address after-market mattresses for play yards, as set forth in ASTM 
F2933-19 section 5.9, by requiring that they meet the same 
specifications and performance requirements for OEM play yard 
mattresses. Additionally, the NPR would require that after-market 
mattresses intended for use in the bassinet of a play yard with a 
bassinet attachment must also meet the specifications in ASTM F2194, 
Consumer Safety Specifications for Bassinets and Cradles.

B. Market Description 10
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    \10\ See Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab F for additional 
information on the marketing and use of crib mattresses.
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    Crib mattresses are designed to be used with infant sleep products, 
such as full-size cribs, non-full-size cribs, bassinets and cradles, 
and play yards, to provide sleeping accommodations for an infant. 
According to estimates published by Statista-Grand View Research, the 
size of the U.S. market for standard and portable cribs was $86.8 
million in 2018.\11\ According to data collected by staff, 
approximately 75 percent of crib mattresses available for sale in the 
United States are standard (full-size) crib mattresses, and 7 percent 
are mini crib mattresses.
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    \11\ November 2019 Statista estimates, Grand View Research.
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    Crib mattresses range in price from $20 to $500, with the more 
expensive crib mattresses typically being full-size crib mattresses 
with a firm coil or high-end foam core. Crib mattresses are sometimes 
also sold with waterproof covers and fitted sheets, specifically 
designed to be used with the mattress. While some manufacturers produce 
a large variety of crib mattress models, others produce only a small 
selection. Many crib mattresses are GreenGuard Certified, which is a 
UL-sponsored standard intended to reduce the emissions of volatile 
organic compounds from products.\12\ Additionally, many full-size crib 
mattresses are advertised online as meeting the CPSC mattress and 
mattress pad flammability requirements.\13\
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    \12\ https://www.ul.com/resources/ul-greenguard-certification-program.
    \13\ Review of manufacturers' websites, product labels, and 
materials.
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    If finalized, a mandatory rule for crib mattresses will require 
third party testing for conformance to the new crib mattress rule, 16 
CFR part 1241, and a certificate of compliance. Crib mattresses already 
require third party testing and certification, because crib mattresses 
are already defined as ``children's products,'' and are currently 
subject to various other federal safety rules, such as mattress 
flammability, lead, and phthalate testing. Accordingly, a final rule 
for crib mattresses will incrementally increase the amount of crib 
mattress testing and certification requirements already in place.

C. Crib Mattress Use 11

    Based on information from the 2013 CPSC Durable Nursery Products 
Exposure Survey (DNPES) of U.S. households with children under 6 years 
old, an estimated 9.2 million cribs were in use in households with 
young

[[Page 67909]]

children in 2013.\14\ This represented about 73 percent of the 
estimated 12.6 million total cribs owned by households (i.e., about 3.4 
million cribs were owned, but not in use). Cribs, for the purposes of 
the DNPES, included both full-size and non-full-size cribs, which are 
designed to be used with a crib mattress; therefore, staff estimates at 
least 9.2 million (full-size and non-full-size) crib mattresses were in 
use in 2013.\15\ According to DNPES results, 84 percent of respondents 
indicated they used a fitted sheet on the crib mattresses, and 50 
percent indicated they used a mattress pad. Six percent of respondents 
indicated that nothing was placed under the child in the crib, other 
than the intended mattress, indicating that the crib mattress was used 
bare.
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    \14\ Respondents were asked to include in their count of cribs 
owned, cribs that had been converted into toddler beds; but they 
were instructed to include only the time used in the product as a 
crib, in response to use questions.
    \15\ In addition to the products in use in households with young 
children, as estimated from the survey, cribs and crib mattresses 
are probably in use in some households without young children (e.g., 
unsurveyed homes of older adults providing care for grandchildren).
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    According to the same survey, an estimated 5.8 million play yards 
were in use in households with young children. This represented about 
54 percent of the estimated 10.9 million total play yards owned by 
households (i.e., about 5.1 million play yards were owned, but not in 
use). Most play yards are designed to be used with a play yard 
mattress; therefore, staff estimates at least 5.8 million play yard 
mattresses were in use in 2013. Twenty-five percent of respondents 
indicated that nothing was placed under the child in the play yard, 
other than the intended mattress; 12 percent indicated they used a 
mattress pad, but no respondents indicated that they used a fitted 
sheet.
    The DNPES did not cover child care facilities. One childcare 
industry group's 2018 directory \16\ lists more than 115,000 licensed 
childcare centers and more than 137,000 home daycare providers, some of 
which may use crib or play yard mattresses. Furthermore, the survey did 
not cover hotels or other commercial lodging establishments. The U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that there are about 70,000 
lodging establishments in the accommodation industry sector, North 
American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code 721.\17\ Based on 
the Commission's contacts with childcare and lodging facilities, crib, 
play yard, and crib mattresses are commonly used in such 
establishments.\18\
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    \16\ Child Care Centers estimate entire U.S. (2018, April 27). 
http://childcarecener.us/.
    \17\ U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ``Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages,'' April 2018. http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag721.htm.
    \18\ Staff contacts included phone inquiries with daycare and 
hotel establishments.
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III. Incident Data and Hazard Patterns 19
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    \19\ See Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab A, for additional 
information on staff's review of crib mattress incidents.
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    Staff of CPSC's Directorate for Epidemiology, Division of Hazard 
Analysis (EPHA), searched the Consumer Product Safety Risk Management 
System \20\ (CPSRMS) and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance 
System (NEISS) for fatalities, incidents, and concerns associated with 
crib mattresses, reported to have occurred between January 1, 2010 and 
March 31, 2020.\21\ Staff identified 21 NEISS cases associated with a 
crib mattress. Because the data did not meet the minimum criteria for 
reporting an estimate,\22\ staff included the 19 NEISS injuries and two 
NEISS fatalities with the other reported incident data for crib 
mattresses.
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    \20\ CPSRMS is the epidemiological database that houses all 
anecdotal reports of incidents received by CPSC, ``external cause''-
based death certificates purchased by CPSC, all in-depth 
investigations of these anecdotal reports, as well as investigations 
of select NEISS injuries. Examples of documents in CPSRMS are: 
Hotline reports, internet reports, news reports, medical examiner's 
reports, death certificates, retailer/manufacturer reports, and 
documents sent by state/local authorities, among others.
    \21\ Some of the nonfatal reports described concerns about 
potential hazards associated with a crib mattress, without an actual 
incident occurring. Staff initially extracted incident reports and 
NEISS injury cases using nine product codes, with no other 
restrictions on the extraction criteria. Staff then reviewed each 
record to determine whether a report was associated with a crib 
mattress. Staff searched the following product codes: Playpens and 
play yards (1513), portable cribs (1529), bassinets or cradles 
(1537), baby mattresses or pads (1542), cribs, nonportable (1543), 
cribs, not specified (1545), mattresses, not specified (4010), 
toddler beds (4082), and a catch-all product code 9101.
    \22\ NEISS estimates are reportable, provided the sample count 
is greater than 20, the national estimate is 1,200 or greater, and 
the coefficient of variation (CV) is less than 0.33.
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A. Incident Severity

    The Commission is aware of 439 reports associated with a crib 
mattress. Table 1 presents the severity of the reported cases, in order 
of severity. Of the 439 reports, 116 reports (26 percent) involved a 
fatality; 15 reports (3 percent) required an infant to receive 
treatment in an emergency room; and 4 reports (1 percent) required 
hospital admission. Reports for 199 incidents (45 percent) describe 
incidents that resulted in no injuries; and 16 reports (4 percent) 
describe no actual incidents or injuries. In the 199 incident reports 
with no injuries reported, staff observed that, generally, caregivers 
intervened once they identified a problem with the crib mattress, and 
the mattress was no longer used after the caregiver identified the 
hazard.

Table 1--Reports Associated With Crib Mattresses by Severity, January 1,
                           2010-March 31, 2020
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                                             Number of
                Severity                      reports            %
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fatalities..............................             116              26
Emergency Department Treatment Received.              15               3
Hospital Admission......................               4               1
Seen by Medical Professional............               1              <1
First Aid Received by Non-Medical                      1              <1
 Professional...........................
Level of care not known.................              66              15
Incident, No Injury.....................             199              45
No First Aid or Medical Attention                      8               2
 Received...............................
No Incident, No Injury..................              16               4
Unspecified.............................              13               3
                                         -------------------------------
    Total...............................             439             100
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Source: CPSRMS and NEISS databases--Reporting is ongoing; 2018-2020 are
  considered incomplete.


[[Page 67910]]

B. Hazard Categories for Fatal and Nonfatal Reports

    The Commission is aware of 116 reported deaths and 323 nonfatal 
incidents and concerns associated with crib mattresses that were 
reported to have occurred between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2020. 
Table 2 presents hazard categories, which are further defined in the 
Fatal Reports and Reported Nonfatal Incidents and Concerns sections 
below.

  Table 2--Fatal and Nonfatal Reports Associated With Crib Mattresses by Hazard Category, January 1, 2010-March
                                                    31, 2020
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                                                                                     Nonfatal
                         Hazard category                           Fatal reports      reports      Total reports
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Chemical/Flammability...........................................               0              23              23
Coil or Spring..................................................               0             124             124
Crib Mattress Used in a Play Yard...............................               2               1               3
Expand or Inflate...............................................               0               6               6
Face in Mattress................................................              13               1              14
Fit Issues......................................................              20              88             108
Found Prone.....................................................              66               3              69
Mattress Falls Apart............................................               0              18              18
Softness........................................................               0              36              36
Multiple Contributing Factors (MCF).............................              15              17              32
Other...........................................................               0               6               6
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................             116             323             439
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: CPSRMS and NEISS databases--Reporting is ongoing; 2018-2020 are considered incomplete.

C. Fatal Reports

    The Commission is aware of 116 reported deaths associated with crib 
mattresses that were reported to have occurred between January 1, 2010 
and March 31, 2020. Table 3 presents hazard categories associated with 
fatalities.

 Table 3--Reported Fatalities Associated With Crib Mattresses by Hazard
                Category, January 1, 2010-March 31, 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             Reported
             Hazard category                  deaths             %
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crib Mattress Used in a Play Yard.......               2               2
Face in Mattress........................              13              11
Fit Issues..............................              20              17
Found Prone.............................              66              57
Multiple Contributing Factors (MCF).....              15              13
                                         -------------------------------
    Total...............................             116             100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: CPSRMS and NEISS databases--Reporting is ongoing; 2018-2020 are
  considered incomplete.

    1. Crib Mattress Used in a Play Yard: Two percent of the fatalities 
involved use of a crib mattress in a play yard (2 out of 116). Reports 
state that infants were found wedged between the crib mattress and the 
mesh of the play yard, due to the crib mattress not fitting snugly in 
the play yard.
    2. Face in Mattress: Eleven percent (13 out of 116) of fatalities 
were associated with the face of an infant, when found, reportedly in 
contact with a crib mattress or crib sheet covering the crib mattress. 
Based on the available information about each fatality, bedding, other 
than a sheet, was present in the sleeping environment in some of these 
reports, but the bedding was not touching the infant, nor did staff 
determine that the bedding was a contributing factor in the death.
    3. Fit Issues: Seventeen percent (20 out of 116) of fatalities 
involved issues with the fit of a crib mattress in the sleeping 
environment. In all of these fatalities, the infants became wedged in 
gaps between at least one of the sides of a crib mattress and the crib 
rails or play yard mesh.
    4. Found Prone: Fifty-seven percent (66 out of 116) of fatalities 
involved an infant found in a prone position with no mention of whether 
the face of the child was in contact with the crib mattress or crib 
sheet, and no mention of the face being obstructed by other crib 
bedding, or other items in the sleep environment. Given the available 
information about each fatality, bedding was present in the sleeping 
environment in some of these reports, but staff did not determine that 
bedding was a contributing factor in the deaths.
    5. Multiple Contributing Factors (MCF): Thirteen percent (15 out of 
116) of fatalities involved multiple factors that potentially played a 
role in the fatality, and the crib mattress was likely one of the 
contributing factors. Examples of other contributing factors are 
entrapment between the mattress and bumper pads, entrapment between the 
mattress and a crib rail with limb entrapment, usage of a swaddle, 
sharing of the sleep environment with another infant, and congenital or 
recent health conditions.
    CPSC staff identified the age and gender of the infant in every 
reported fatality. The oldest-aged children associated with crib 
mattress fatalities were: One 3-year-old, and two 2-year-old children. 
Staff observed considerably more reported prone fatalities between the 
ages of 1 month and 5 months, and most of the deaths in the fit, face 
in mattress, and MCF hazard categories involved infants between the 
ages of 1 month and 8

[[Page 67911]]

months, compared to other ages. Of the 116 reported fatalities 
associated with crib mattresses, 74 deaths (64 percent) were male and 
42 deaths (36 percent) were female.

D. Nonfatal Reports and Concerns

    The Commission is aware of 323 reported nonfatal incidents and 
concerns associated with crib mattresses that were reported to have 
occurred between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2020. Table 4 presents 
the hazard categories associated with nonfatal crib mattress reports.

   Table 4--Nonfatal Reports Associated With Crib Mattresses by Hazard
                Category, January 1, 2010-March 31, 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             Nonfatal
             Hazard category                  reports            %
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical/Flammability...................              23               7
Coil or Spring..........................             124              38
Crib Mattress Used in a Play Yard.......               1              <1
Expand or Inflate.......................               6               2
Face in Mattress........................               1              <1
Fit Issues..............................              88              27
Found Prone.............................               3               1
Mattress Falls Apart....................              18               6
Softness................................              36              11
Multiple Contributing Factors (MCF).....              17               5
Other...................................               6               2
                                         -------------------------------
    Total...............................             323             100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: CPSRMS and NEISS databases--Reporting is ongoing; 2018-2020 are
  considered incomplete.

    As shown in Table 4, the hazard categories with the most reported 
nonfatal incidents associated with crib mattresses are issues with 
coils or springs, and crib mattresses that do not fit properly in the 
sleep environment.\23\ We describe the non-fatal incidents associated 
with each identified hazard category as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ In the most recent 2 years, from January 2018 to March 
2020, CPSC observed fewer nonfatal reports of coil or spring issues 
associated with crib mattresses, compared to years 2014 through 
2017. Eighty-nine percent (78 out of 88 nonfatal reports) of 
nonfatal reports involving fit issues occurred between 2010 and 
2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1. Chemical/Flammability: Seven percent (23 out of 323) of the 
nonfatal incidents reported a crib mattress having a chemical odor (5), 
causing rashes (7), or not meeting mandatory federal flammability 
standards (11). Infants were reported to have suffered from rashes and 
upper respiratory issues.
    2. Coil or Spring: Thirty-eight percent (124 out of 323) of 
nonfatal incidents involved a coil or spring found protruding through 
the crib mattress. A 2-year-old received two stitches in the hospital 
emergency department for a laceration injury. Another 2-year-old with a 
toe laceration was treated and released from the hospital emergency 
department.
    3. Crib Mattress Used in a Play Yard: Less than 1 percent (1 out of 
323) of nonfatal incidents involved an infant's back being scratched by 
protruding coils or springs of a crib mattress being used in a play 
yard.
    4. Expand or Inflate: Two percent (6 out of 323) of nonfatal 
incidents involved a crib mattress that failed to expand or inflate 
properly. Staff identified related hazards, including fit issues with 
gaps appearing around the crib mattress causing entrapment or wedging, 
and an uneven crib mattress that may cause an infant to roll over.
    5. Face in Mattress: Less than 1 percent (1 out of 323) of nonfatal 
incidents involved an infant found limp, pale, and with blue around the 
lips while face down in contact with a crib mattress. Staff found no 
other details about the sleep environment in this incident. The 1-
month-old infant was admitted to the hospital.
    6. Fit Issue: Twenty-seven percent (88 out of 323) of nonfatal 
incidents involved issues with the fit of a crib mattress in the 
sleeping environment. In all of these reports, staff determined that 
gaps were present on one or more sides around the perimeter of a crib 
mattress, creating wedging or entrapment hazard between the crib 
mattress and the crib rails or play yard mesh. A 3-month-old went into 
cardiac arrest and was admitted to the hospital after being found 
between a crib mattress and a crib frame. Six children between the ages 
of 6 months old and 2 years old, and a 10-year-old with Rett 
syndrome,\24\ were treated and released from the hospital emergency 
department due to entrapment between a crib mattress and crib rails, 
and sustaining injuries, such as an arm or leg fracture, a mid-back 
injury, a foot injury, lip hematoma, and a nursemaid's elbow.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ According to https://www.rettsyndrome.org, ``Rett syndrome 
is a rare genetic neurological disorder that occurs almost 
exclusively in girls and leads to severe impairments, affecting 
nearly every aspect of the child's life: Their ability to speak, 
walk, eat, and even breathe easily. The hallmark of Rett syndrome is 
near-constant repetitive hand movements. Rett syndrome is usually 
recognized in children between 6 to 18 months as they begin to miss 
developmental milestones or lose abilities they had gained.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    7. Found Prone: One percent (3 out of 323) of nonfatal incidents 
involved an infant found in a prone position without any mention of the 
face being in contact with the mattress or crib sheet, and no mention 
of the face being obstructed by other crib bedding or other items in 
the sleep environment. Staff found no other details about the sleep 
environment in any of these three reported incidents. Among these three 
infants, an 8-month-old was admitted to the hospital after being found 
breathing poorly; and two infants received treatment in the emergency 
department: A 4-month-old was found breathing poorly, and a 1-month-old 
was found not breathing, while vomiting and choking.
    8. Mattress Falls Apart: Six percent (18 out of 323) of nonfatal 
incidents involved part of a crib mattress coming apart. In most of 
these reports, the seams of the mattress unraveled, creating: A 
strangulation hazard due to the stitching of the mattress being 
exposed; and a choking or ingestion hazard due to the inner filling 
coming out of the mattress in small pieces and into the sleep 
environment. Examples of reported small pieces of a crib mattress 
filling that came apart are fibers, string, or wool. Staff found that 
in six incidents, string from crib mattress seams or piping was found 
wrapped around the neck of the infant, which

[[Page 67912]]

could have led to a serious outcome if the child was not found in time. 
One incident involved an infant choking on a plastic piece of 
`shredded' crib mattress, and 1 incident involved a 2-year-old who was 
treated and released from the hospital emergency department due to 
ingesting plastic pieces of a crib mattress.
    9. Softness: Eleven percent (36 out of 323) of nonfatal incidents 
involved a crib mattress inner cushioning that was reportedly too soft. 
Staff found 17 reports of depressions or indentations in the crib 
mattress, accompanied by the following descriptions: ``bunches up/
squishy,'' ``depression/dips/indentation/sinks in/sunken,'' and 
``deflates/like an air mattress not fully inflated.'' Twelve reports 
describe a crib sheet being placed on a crib mattress and causing the 
mattress to bend or bow, resulting in a gap or fit issue between the 
mattress and crib rails, creating an entrapment hazard. Four reports 
claim that a crib mattress is not breathable. Three reports allege that 
a crib mattress is too thin and that the inner cushioning is too soft.
    10. Multiple Contributing Factors (MCF): Five percent (17 out of 
323) of nonfatal incidents involved multiple factors that played a 
role, of which the crib mattress was likely one factor. Staff found 
that in 10 reports, an infant was found wedged between a crib mattress 
and the crib rail, while an arm, leg, or foot was caught in between the 
slats of the crib. Additionally, one infant in a sleep sack was found 
face down while reportedly attempting to turn over, and another child 
was found face down in a crib while having a seizure. Among the most 
serious injuries reported were two children who were treated and 
released from the hospital emergency department: A 5-month-old received 
a leg fracture after becoming entrapped under a crib mattress while 
also having an arm caught between the slats of the crib, and an 18-
month-old was found face down on a crib mattress while having a 
seizure.
    11. Other: Two percent (6 out of 323) of nonfatal incidents 
involved miscellaneous other issues associated with a crib mattress. 
Reports in this category include: A blade found in a crib mattress; an 
infant's arm was ``tangled in a crib mattress''; an infant ``slipped on 
a crib mattress,'' causing a slat entrapment; an infant's arm became 
``stuck on a crib mattress''; a crib mattress had a loose plastic bag 
for a cover; and a concern about crib mattresses not having proper 
warning labels to direct caregivers to place infants on their backs 
when putting them down in a crib. The 7-month-old infant who was 
``tangled in a crib mattress'' was admitted to the hospital due to a 
leg fracture. The 9-month-old who was ``stuck on a crib mattress'' was 
treated and released from the hospital emergency department due to a 
nursemaid's elbow.

E. Explanation of Hazards Associated With Crib Mattress Use \25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tabs C and E contain more 
detailed analysis of incidents and hazards associated with crib 
mattress use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After reviewing the incident data, CPSC staff identified various 
mattress-use factors associated with deaths and serious injuries 
related to sudden and unexpected infant death (SUID), including, but 
not limited to, prone positioning of sleeping infants, soft bedding 
added to sleep areas, and gaps/pockets between mattresses and infant 
product sides.26 27 28 Physiologically, infants experiencing 
a compromised airflow are likely to undergo a cycle of decreased heart 
and respiration rate, resulting eventually in fatal cessation of 
breathing. Numerous public awareness campaigns have aimed to educate 
caregivers regarding the identified hazards; these campaigns include: 
``Back to Sleep'' (Moon et al., 2016, as cited in Fors Marsh Group, 
2019), the ``ABC's of safe sleep'' (alone (no bed sharing), back-
sleeping, and crib uncluttered),\29\ and ``Safe Sleep/Bare is Best.'' 
30 31 Health and safety advocates, including the AAP, 
CDC,\32\ CPSC, and Kids in Danger (KID) \33\ support these efforts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 
defines ``SUID'' as the sudden and unexpected death of a baby less 
than 1-year-old, in which the cause was not obvious before 
investigation. See https://www.cdc.gov/sids/about/index.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fsids%2FAboutSUIDandSIDS.htm; accessed July 20, 2020.
    \27\ The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP, 2016) explains 
that SUID, also known as ``sudden unexpected death in infancy'' 
(SUDI), includes explained and unexplained deaths, and it can be 
attributed to suffocation, asphyxia, entrapment, infection, 
ingestions, metabolic diseases, arrhythmia-associated cardiac 
channelopathies, and trauma. See https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/5/e20162938.full.pdf; accessed May 5, 2020.
    \28\ Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a subcategory of 
SUID that refers to infant deaths that cannot be explained after a 
thorough case investigation. The terms SUID and SIDS are used 
interchangeably, as SIDS commonly is used to refer to SUID in 
warning labels and articles and given that consumers are more 
familiar with the term SIDS as opposed to SUID.
    \29\ See https://www.aappublications.org/news/2016/10/24/SIDS102416; accessed May 7, 2020.
    \30\ See https://www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Neighborhood-Safety-Network/Posters/Safe-Sleep-for-Babies; accessed May 6, 2020.
    \31\ See https://www.cpsc.gov/safety-education/safety-guides/kids-and-babies-cribs/safe-sleepbare-best and https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/safe-sleep-practices-for-babies; accessed May 11, 2020.
    \32\ See https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/safesleep/index.html; 
accessed May 2, 2020.
    \33\ See https://kidsindanger.org/protect-your-child/sleep/; 
accessed May 6, 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To make infant sleep environments more comfortable, caregivers 
commonly use soft bedding and after-market mattresses, instead of, or 
in addition to, an OEM mattress. Infants can maneuver themselves into 
vulnerable positions in a sleep environment, from which they cannot 
free themselves:

    Infants in the age range associated with fatal incidents, i.e., 
between 2 and 6 months, develop new skills, such as rolling over and 
crawling, in stages. According to Bayley (1969), several 
developmental milestones occur within the first 6 months of life; 
some notable motor skills typically achieved are turning from side 
to back (average age: 1.8 months old), turning from back to side 
(average age: 4.4 months old), and turning from back to stomach 
(average age: 6.4 months old). Children as young as 8 to 12 weeks 
are likely to move around a play yard, including moving to the edge 
and possibly moving into vulnerable situations. However, children 
may not be able to remove themselves by reversing their actions 
because they may not have developed the skill.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ See page 5, https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Petition%20CP%2015-2%20-%20Petition%20Requesting%20Ban%20on%Supplemental%20Mattress%20for%20Play%20Yards%20with%20Non-Rigid%20Sides%20-%20May%2010%20217_3.pdf; 
accessed September 14, 2020.

    Infants can become trapped in a gap between a crib mattress and the 
side wall(s) of their sleep environment, with their nose and mouth 
pressed against the mattress or side wall, experiencing compromised 
airflow. Gap entrapment is a hazard associated with ill-fitting 
mattresses in full-size cribs, play yards, and non-full-size cribs. To 
minimize the risk for entrapment in a gap, a full-size crib and full-
size crib mattress that meet the applicable standards would allow a 
maximum side gap of 1\3/8\ inches.\35\ Given non-flexible sides and 
infant head dimensions,\36\ requirements in these

[[Page 67913]]

standards work in tandem to help prevent head entrapment and 
suffocation between the mattress and crib sides, even though a full-
size crib manufacturer is not required to provide the mattress.\37\ 
Still, incidents of gap entrapment involving these products continue to 
occur, including when the full-size crib and non-compressed full-size 
crib mattress measure the appropriate dimensions. For example, gaps 
involving full-size crib mattresses can develop if the mattresses are 
too soft, such as when the mattress is compressed by mattress sheets.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ Per 16 CFR part 1219, and by reference ASTM F1169-19, a 
full-size crib must have interior dimensions of 28  \5/
8\ inches wide by 52\3/8\  \5/8\ inches long. Per the 
existing voluntary standard for crib mattresses, ASTM F2933-19, a 
full-size crib mattress shall measure at least 27\1/4\ inches wide 
by 51\5/8\ inches long by 6 inches thick.
    \36\ According to Snyder (1975), the 5th percentile head 
breadth, i.e., the maximum breadth of the head above and behind the 
ears, of children 0 to 3 months old is approximately 3\3/10\ inches, 
which is more than twice as wide as the maximum allowable side gap 
between full-size cribs and full-size crib mattresses. ESHF staff 
selected head ``breadth,'' as opposed to length or height, to err on 
the side of caution, as head breadth is the smallest of these three 
head dimensions that could cause a fatal entrapment. Similarly, 
staff selected the 5th percentile measurement for 0-to-3-month-old 
infants to reduce the likelihood of death or serious injury to those 
most vulnerable to the identified hazards.
    \37\ See https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/Business-Education/Business-Guidance/Full-Size-Baby-Cribs/, accessed May 1, 
2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Gaps between the infant's mattress and sleep product sides are 
especially hazardous when after-market mattresses with thicker depth 
dimensions than the OEM mattress are used in products with flexible 
(e.g., mesh or fabric) sides, such as play yards and non-rigid-sided 
portable cribs. The side walls of these products typically expand more 
towards the center of the side wall, and, consequently, as the 
thickness of mattresses used in these products increases, the risk of 
gap entrapment often increases as well.

F. Product Recalls 38
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ See Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab D.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    From June 1, 2010 to June 1, 2020, CPSC negotiated five consumer-
level recalls involving crib mattresses to mitigate against risks of 
flammability and suffocation. Four recalls involved non-compliance with 
mandatory federal flammability requirements. These four recalls 
included approximately 80,000 units in total. The Commission cannot 
provide an exact number of units because of a lack of differentiation 
between crib and adult mattress populations in recalls that included 
both. The fifth recall of crib mattresses involved a dimensional issue, 
where the crib mattress models were ill-fitting, presenting an 
entrapment hazard. This recall included approximately 300,000 units.

IV. International Standards for Crib Mattresses 39
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ See Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab B.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission is aware of two international voluntary standards 
pertaining to crib mattresses: \40\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \40\ The Commission is also aware of a draft, unpublished, 
standard, ISO 23767 Children's furniture--Mattresses for cots and 
cribs--Safety requirements and test methods. Although this draft ISO 
standard is not yet an official standard, CPSC staff reviewed it for 
relevancy and found that it is nearly identical to BS EN 16890.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     BS EN 16890:2017--Children's Furniture--Mattresses for 
cots and cribs--Safety requirements and test methods (BS EN 16890); and
     Australian/New Zealand Standard 8811.1:2013--Methods of 
testing infant products (AS/NZS 8811.1).
    Table 5 compares each of these international standards to ASTM 
F2933-19 to assess how each standard addresses the identified hazard 
patterns and other common hazards. Tab B of Staff's NPR Briefing 
Package contains a more detailed analysis of the comparison, and how 
each standard addresses the hazard patterns described in Table 5.

                   Table 5--Comparison of Crib Mattress Voluntary Standards by Hazard Pattern
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Hazard pattern               ASTM F2933         AS/NZS 8811.1         EN 16890            Comments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical Hazards................  16 CFR part 1303    Not addressed.....  Provision for       ASTM is adequate
                                   Ban of Lead-                            specific            to address US
                                   Containing Paint,                       controlled toxic    incident data.
                                   16 CFR part 1500                        substances.
                                   Hazardous
                                   Substances Act
                                   Regulations.
Coil or Spring..................  Prohibition of      Not addressed.....  Prohibition of      NPR proposes
                                   sharp points.                           sharp points.       addition of
                                                                                               cyclic testing.
Crib Mattress Used in a Play      Labeling            Not addressed.....  Labeling            ASTM more
 Yard.                             requirements,                           requirements.       stringent.
                                   requirements for
                                   after-market
                                   mattresses and
                                   required testing
                                   to ASTM F406
                                   mattress
                                   requirements.
Expand or Inflate...............  Dimensional         Not addressed.....  Dimensional         ASTM more
                                   conformity,                             conformity,         stringent.
                                   mattress                                labeling
                                   thickness, and                          requirements.
                                   labeling
                                   requirements.
Face in Mattress................  Labeling            Firmness test.....  Firmness test.....  NPR proposes
                                   requirements.                                               mattress firmness
                                                                                               test based on
                                                                                               sections 6 and 8
                                                                                               of AS/NZS 8811.1
                                                                                               firmness test, in
                                                                                               addition to label
                                                                                               requirements in
                                                                                               ASTM F2933-19.
Fit Issues......................  Dimensional         Not addressed.....  Dimensional         NPR proposes
                                   conformity and                          conformity,         fitted sheet
                                   after-market                            conical probe       compression test.
                                   mattress                                test, cyclic test.
                                   requirements.
Found Prone.....................  Labeling            Firmness test.....  Firmness test.....  NPR proposes
                                   requirements.                                               mattress firmness
                                                                                               test based on
                                                                                               sections 6 and 8
                                                                                               of AS/NZS 8811.1
                                                                                               firmness test, in
                                                                                               addition to label
                                                                                               requirements in
                                                                                               ASTM F2933-19.
Mattress Falls Apart............  Mattress seam       Not addressed.....  Mattress seam       ASTM more
                                   stitching                               stitching           stringent.
                                   requirement and                         requirement and
                                   small parts                             small parts
                                   prohibition.                            prohibition.
Softness........................  Not addressed.....  Firmness test.....  Firmness test.....  NPR proposes
                                                                                               mattress firmness
                                                                                               test based on
                                                                                               sections 6 and 8
                                                                                               of AS/NZS 8811.1
                                                                                               firmness test.
Multiple Contributing Factors     General             Not addressed.....  General             ASTM General
 (MCF).                            requirements and                        requirements and    Requirements are
                                   instructional                           instructional       adequate but
                                   literature.                             literature.         safety info is
                                                                                               inadequate.
Small Parts.....................  Prohibited per 16   Not addressed.....  Same as ASTM......  ASTM is adequate
                                   CFR part 1501.                                              to address U.S.
                                                                                               incident data.
Sharp Points/Edges..............  Prohibited per 16   Not addressed.....  Prohibited but no   ASTM is more
                                   CFR 1500.                               performance         stringent.
                                                                           requirements.
Flammability....................  Prohibited per 16   Not addressed.....  Must comply with    ASTM is adequate
                                   CFR 1632 and 1633.                      EN 71-2:2011 and    to address U.S.
                                                                           EN 597-1.           incident data.
Small Openings..................  Openings between    Not addressed.....  Not addressed.....  ASTM is adequate
                                   0.210'' and                                                 and more
                                   0.375''                                                     stringent.
                                   prohibited.

[[Page 67914]]

 
Label Permanency................  Must not detach     Not addressed.....  Must not detach     ASTM is adequate
                                   with <15-lb. pull                       after 30 attempts   and more
                                   force.                                  to remove with      stringent.
                                                                           feeler gauge.
Dimensional Conformity..........  Must be at least    Not addressed.....  Must be within 10   ASTM is adequate
                                   27.25'' x                               mm of nominal       and more
                                   51.625'' during                         dimensions.         stringent.
                                   application of
                                   forces.
Entanglement....................  All accessible      Not addressed.....  Maximum free        ASTM is adequate
                                   stitching must be                       length of 220 mm.   to address U.S.
                                   lock stitching.                                             incident data.
Seam Stitching..................  All accessible      Not addressed.....  Seams must not be   ASTM is adequate
                                   stitching must be                       penetrated >6 mm    and more
                                   lock stitching.                         with 12 mm          stringent.
                                                                           diameter probe.
After-Market Mattresses.........  Mattresses shall    Not addressed.....  Not addressed.....  ASTM is more
                                   have same                                                   stringent; NPR
                                   thickness, floor                                            proposes to
                                   support structure                                           extend dimension
                                   and attachment                                              requirements in
                                   method as the                                               5.7.2 to all
                                   mattress it is                                              after-market non-
                                   intended to                                                 full-size crib
                                   replace.                                                    mattresses.
Warning Labels/Instructions.....  Warning labels      Not addressed.....  Instructions        ASTM is
                                   required,                               required/warning    inadequate. See
                                   instructions not                        labels do not       human factors
                                   required.                               address as many     assessment in Tab
                                                                           hazards.            C of Staff's NPR
                                                                                               Briefing Package.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With the exception of mattress firmness, the Commission concludes 
that ASTM F2933-19 is equivalent to, or more stringent than, AS/NZS 
8811.1 or EN 16890 because it more fully addresses the hazard patterns 
identified by CPSC staff in the reported incident data. Compared to 
these international standards, ASTM F2933-19 is more comprehensive 
because it also addresses non-full-size crib mattresses and after-
market mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs. Furthermore, 
the Commission notes that ASTM F2933-19 was developed through 
collaboration between CPSC staff and stakeholders, and has been revised 
three times in the attempt to address incident data provided by CPSC 
staff. Therefore, the Commission concludes that ASTM F2933-19, when 
modified to include a test for mattress firmness based on sections 6 
and 8 of AS/NZS 8811.1:2013, is more appropriate than AS/NZS 
8811.1:2013 or EN 16890 to address hazard patterns associated with crib 
mattresses.

V. Voluntary Standard--ASTM F2933 41
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ See Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab B for additional 
information about the history and performance requirements in ASTM 
F2933-19.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. History of ASTM F2933

    The ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products first published the 
voluntary standard for crib mattresses in 2013, as ASTM F2933-13, 
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses. The first 
publication established requirements for the standard and addressed the 
following issues:
     Sharp points and sharp edges,\42\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ Tapered ends that do not meet the requirements of 16 CFR 
1500.48 and metal or glass tapered surfaces that do not meet the 
requirements of 16 CFR 1500.49.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Small parts,
     Lead and other toxic substances in paints,
     Finger entrapment,
     Mattress dimension conformity,
     Mattress thickness, and
     Marking and labeling.
    Since 2013, ASTM has revised and updated the voluntary standard 
three times to address safety issues, as outlined below:
    ASTM F2933-16 (approved 12/1/2016):
     Revised warning label permanency requirements in 5.6.1, to 
include requirement that ``[n]on-coated paper warning label shall not 
be applied on either side of sleeping surface.'' Added a note under 
this section, stating that non-coated paper label may absorb water and 
can deteriorate.
    ASTM F2933-18 (approved 8/15/2018):
     Revised scope to include a new section 1.5, stating the 
standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized 
principles on standardization.
     Added definition of ``after-market mattress for play yard 
or non-full-size crib,'' to section 3, Terminology.
     Added a new requirement for after-market mattresses for 
play yards and non-full-size crib mattresses in section 5, General 
Requirements, stating that after-market mattresses for soft-sided and 
non-rectangular, rigid-sided products shall have the same thickness, 
floor support structure, and attachment method as the mattress it is 
intended to replace and shall meet the specifications of Mattress 
Vertical Displacement test from ASTM F406-19, Standard Consumer Safety 
Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards.
     Added additional marking and labeling requirements for 
after-market mattresses in sections 7.5 through 7.7. To comply with 
these sections, after-market mattresses and their retail packaging 
shall include specified suffocation warning language related to 
hazardous gaps and stacked mattresses. Sections 7.5 and 7.6 have 
additional requirements that distinguish between types of products. 
Section 7.5 has requirements specific to mesh/fabric-sided and rigid-
sided, non-rectangular products, including as follows: After-market 
mattresses shall have all the warnings that the original manufacturer 
had and provide instructions that are on the original mattress, and 
both the after-market mattress and the retail packaging shall identify 
the brand and model numbers of products in which it is intended to be 
used. Section 7.6 contains requirements specific to rigid sided 
rectangular products including as follows: After-market mattresses and 
their retail packaging shall have a specified statement regarding 
mattress dimensions and fit.
    ASTM F2933-19 (approved 6/15/2019):
     Added a new requirement for mattress seam stitching in 
section 5, General Requirements, requiring that all seam stitching that 
is accessible to the occupant be lock stitching.

B. Description of Performance Requirements in ASTM F2933-19

    In addition to the general requirements typically found in other 
ASTM juvenile product standards, such as requirements for openings, 
label permanency, and the prohibition of sharp points/edges, small 
parts, and lead in paints, section 5 of ASTM F2933-19 contains the 
following four additional requirements that apply specifically to 
mattresses for cribs, non-full-size-cribs, and to after-market 
mattresses for non-full-size cribs and play yards:
     Sec.  5.7 Mattress Dimensions: Describes the dimensional 
requirements for full-size mattresses and OEM non-full-size crib 
mattresses, to prevent an infant from becoming wedged in a gap caused 
by a too small crib mattress. To ensure the crib mattress dimensions 
are within the allowable range, the test requires a mattress to be 
placed in a test box and pushed against the side of the

[[Page 67915]]

box with a force prescribed in the test method.
     Sec.  5.7.2.2 Mattress Thickness: Applies to OEM non-full-
size crib mattresses, to prevent occupants from falling out of the 
product. The requirement states that a mattress supplied with a non-
full-size crib shall have a thickness that will provide a minimum 
effective crib-side height dimension of at least 20 inches when the 
crib side is in its highest adjustable position and the mattress 
support is in its lowest adjustable position. Additionally, the 
mattress shall have a thickness that will provide a minimum effective 
crib-side height dimension of at least 3 inches when the crib side is 
in its lowest adjustable position, and the mattress support is in its 
highest adjustable position.
     Sec.  5.8 Mattress Seam Stitching: Applies to all crib 
mattresses within the scope of the standard, and requires that all seam 
stitching that is accessible to the occupant be lock stitching to 
prevent accessible stitching from becoming loose and creating a small 
part or strangulation hazard.
     Sec.  5.9 After-Market Mattress for Play Yards and Non-
Full-Size Cribs: Applies to after-market mattresses for play yards and 
non-full-size cribs, and requires that mesh/fabric sided products, and 
rigid sided non-rectangular products, must have the same thickness, 
floor support structure, and attachment method as the mattress it is 
intended to replace. Accordingly, after-market mattresses for play 
yards and non-rectangular rigid sided products must be identical to the 
OEM mattress.\43\ After-market mattresses must also meet the Mattress 
Vertical Displacement test in ASTM F406.\44\ Finally, section 5.9.1.3 
requires ``replacement'' mattresses intended to be used in the bassinet 
of a play yard with a bassinet attachment to meet the requirements of 
ASTM F2194, when tested with each brand and model the mattress is 
intended to replace.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ Requirements for OEM mattresses sold with play yards and 
non-full-size cribs are codified at 16 CFR parts 1220 (non-full-size 
cribs) and 1221 (play yards), which incorporate by reference ASTM 
F406, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby 
Cribs/Play Yards (ASTM F406).
    \44\ The purpose of requiring after-market mattresses to be 
identical to OEM mattresses is to reduce the risk of infant 
entrapment and suffocation associated with after-market mattresses 
that are too thick, or that do not fit correctly or attach to a play 
yard or non-full-size crib. ASTM developed this requirement in 
collaboration with CPSC staff and the ASTM Play Yard Vertical 
Displacement Task Group and the Play Yard Mattress Fit and Thickness 
Task Group.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

VI. Assessment of the Voluntary Standard ASTM F2933-19

A. Adequacy of Performance Requirements 45
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab B contains additional 
details on the CPSC staff's analysis of ASTM F2933-19 and its 
ability to address identified hazards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ASTM developed ASTM F2933 to mitigate the risk of injury associated 
with the use of crib mattresses. Hazard mitigation strategies include 
performance requirements and instructions and on-product warnings to 
help inform caretakers of the primary hazards during use of the 
product. Based on CPSC staff's Engineering, Human Factors, and Health 
Sciences assessments, Tabs B, C, and E of Staff's NPR Briefing Package, 
respectively, the requirements in the current voluntary standard, ASTM 
F2933-19, adequately address the hazard patterns related to expanding 
or inflating crib mattresses, mattresses falling apart, and most 
hazards associated with multiple contributing factors, or other 
hazards. However, ASTM F2933-19 does not adequately address the most 
prevalent or severe identified hazards associated with the use of crib 
mattresses, such as coil spring issues, face in mattress, fit issues, 
found prone, and softness. The warning labeling for factors within 
multiple contributing factors (such as, face in mattress, found prone, 
and softness) are also inadequate. Accordingly, the Commission proposes 
additional requirements in the NPR to make the standard more stringent, 
to further reduce the risks of death and injury from these hazard 
patterns. Table 6 summarizes CPSC's assessment of the adequacy of ASTM 
F2933-19 to address the identified hazard patterns.

                   Table 6--Adequacy of ASTM F2933-19 in Addressing Identified Hazard Patterns
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Identified hazard pattern         Applicable       How addressed in
       (potential injury)             mattresses         ASTM F2933-19         Adequacy            Comments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical/Flammability Hazards     All...............  16 CFR part 1303--  Adequate..........  Staff's NPR
 (odors, rash).                                        Lead-Containing                         Briefing Package
                                                       Paint; 16 CFR                           (SBP) Tab B.
                                                       part 1500--
                                                       Hazardous
                                                       Substances Act
                                                       Regulations
                                                       (Sections 5.1 and
                                                       5.4); 16 CFR part
                                                       1632--Flammabilit
                                                       y of Mattresses
                                                       and Mattress
                                                       Pads; 16 CFR part
                                                       1633--Flammabilit
                                                       y (Open Flame) of
                                                       Mattress Sets.
Coil or Spring (laceration).....  Coil or spring      Prohibition of      Inadequate........  Propose additional
                                   mattresses          sharp points                            cyclic testing to
                                   (primarily full-    (Section 5.2).                          identify
                                   size).                                                      potential for
                                                                                               springs to break
                                                                                               through surface
                                                                                               during
                                                                                               foreseeable use
                                                                                               and misuse. SBP
                                                                                               Tab B.
Crib Mattress Used in a Play      Aftermarket play    Labeling            Adequate..........  SBP Tabs B & C.
 Yard (suffocation due to ill-     yard mattresses.    requirements,
 fitting mattress).                                    requirements for
                                                       after-market
                                                       mattresses.
                                                       Testing
                                                       requirements
                                                       harmonized with
                                                       ASTM F406.
                                                       (Section 7.5).
Expand or Inflate (suffocation    Foam products,      Dimensional         Adequate..........  SBP Tab B.
 due to ill-fitting mattress       typically full-     conformity,
 that does not expand or inflate   size and shipped    mattress
 properly).                        as ``bed in a       thickness, and
                                   box''.              labeling
                                                       requirements
                                                       (Section 5.7).
Face in Mattress (suffocation)..  All...............  Labeling            Inadequate........  NPR proposes a
                                                       requirements                            test based on
                                                       (Section 7.3).                          sections 6 and 8
                                                                                               of AS/NZS 8811.1
                                                                                               firmness test.
                                                                                               SBP Tabs B & C.
Fit Issues (suffocation due to    All...............  Dimensional         Inadequate........  NPR proposes
 ill-fitting mattress).                                conformity and                          additional fitted
                                                       after-market                            sheet compression
                                                       mattress                                test for full-
                                                       requirements                            size crib
                                                       (Sections 5.7 and                       mattresses and
                                                       5.9).                                   extending
                                                                                               dimensional
                                                                                               requirements in
                                                                                               section 5.7 to
                                                                                               all after-market,
                                                                                               non-full-size
                                                                                               crib mattresses.
                                                                                               SBP Tab B.

[[Page 67916]]

 
Found Prone (suffocation due to   All...............  Labeling            Inadequate........  Propose additional
 prone position).                                      requirements                            mattress firmness
                                                       (Section 7.3).                          test based on
                                                                                               sections 6 and 8
                                                                                               of AS/NZS 8811.1
                                                                                               and strengthening
                                                                                               warning label
                                                                                               requirements. SBP
                                                                                               Tabs B & C.
Mattress Falls Apart (choking/    All...............  Mattress seam       Adequate..........  SBP Tab B.
 ingestion).                                           stitching
                                                       requirement and
                                                       small parts
                                                       prohibition
                                                       (Sections 5.3 and
                                                       5.8).
Softness (suffocation due to      All...............  Not addressed.....  Inadequate........  Propose additional
 soft surface).                                                                                mattress firmness
                                                                                               test based on
                                                                                               sections 6 and 8
                                                                                               of AS/NZS 8811.1
                                                                                               firmness test.
                                                                                               SBP Tab B.
Multiple Contributing Factors     All...............  General             Inadequate........  Some MCFs
 (MCFs, e.g., entrapment in                            requirements and                        addressed by
 bumper pads, limb entrapment,                         warning labels                          proposed
 crib sharing with another                             (Sections 5.7 and                       additional
 infant, existing health                               7.3).                                   requirements,
 condition).                                                                                   while others are
                                                                                               related to
                                                                                               another product
                                                                                               use or other
                                                                                               factor out of the
                                                                                               scope of the crib
                                                                                               mattresses
                                                                                               standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Coil or Spring Lacerations
    Laceration hazards due to an exposed coil or spring accounted for 
124 of the 440 incident reports (38% of nonfatal incidents). Currently, 
ASTM F2933-19 does not address this hazard. A cyclic test could address 
this hazard, by loading and unloading any mattress that contains coils 
or springs for a set number of cycles, to exercise metal coil springs 
and identify springs that cannot withstand normal use without breaking, 
or that may otherwise break the surface of the mattress.
    In July 2018, the ASTM Crib Mattress Cyclic Testing task group 
discussed a cyclic impact test based on the Mattress Support Vertical 
Impact Test from section 7.4 of ASTM F1169-19 (the standard for full-
size cribs). At the F15.66 Crib Mattress subcommittee meeting held in 
October 2018, the subcommittee discussed both the Mattress Support 
Vertical Impact Test and the Mattress Durability Roller Testing for 
spring/coil mattresses, based on ASTM F1566, Standard Test Methods for 
Evaluation of Innersprings, Boxsprings, Mattresses or Mattress Sets, 
section 7, as possible cycle loading tests. In the following months, 
CPSC staff and other members of the Crib Mattress Cyclic Testing task 
group performed variations of the Mattress Support Vertical Impact Test 
to determine a test that would be most applicable to crib mattresses 
with coil springs.
    On April 29, 2019, CPSC staff sent a letter to the subcommittee 
chair in response to ballot F15 (19-04), stating staff's initial test 
results. In the task group meeting in July 2019, staff and one 
manufacturer discussed the results of their continued testing and 
refined the requirements. The task group focused testing on the 
Mattress Support Vertical Impact Test because this test uses the same 
equipment employed in full-size crib testing. After replicating the 
full-size crib impact test (45 pounds dropped 750 times), staff 
assessed that the test was too onerous. During task group discussions, 
consensus was to lower the weight to 30 pounds and increase the number 
of cycles to 1,000.
    ASTM has not held additional task group meetings or issued ballots 
on this issue since the July 2019 task group meeting. The Commission's 
proposed requirement in the NPR to address coils and springs is based 
on the last work of the task group, and the test requires a 30-pound 
impactor drop, similar to the full-size crib standard, on a mattress in 
four specified locations for a total of 1000 impacts. Tab B of Staff's 
NPR Briefing Package provides additional details of staff's work to 
address coil and spring lacerations and the proposed cyclic test.
2. Fit Issues
    Fit issues are associated with 108 of 439 incidents; 20 were fatal, 
and 88 were nonfatal. In these reports, gaps between the crib mattress 
and the crib rail or play yard mesh, on one or more areas around the 
perimeter of a crib mattress, created a wedging or entrapment hazard. 
Reports of mattresses that fail to expand, compress, or buckle, 
indicate the potential to form hazardous gaps between the corner of a 
crib and the corner of the mattress. This hazard can arise when a 
fitted sheet is placed on the mattress, creating large corner gaps that 
could lead to entrapment. Fit issues can also occur when a mattress is 
not dimensionally appropriate for use with a specific crib.
a. Mattress Compression With Fitted Sheet
    ASTM F2933-19 contains a mattress dimensional conformity test 
intended to address hazardous gaps between the edge of a crib and the 
mattress. However, staff testing found that tight-fitting sheets over 
crib mattresses can create gaps between the corners of the mattress and 
the interior corner of the crib, creating an entrapment hazard. ASTM 
F2933-19 does not adequately addresses this mattress compression issue 
that creates an entrapment hazard between a full-size crib mattress and 
the side or corner of a full-size crib.
    For further examination, staff obtained 11 full-size crib 
mattresses and eight 100 percent cotton full-size crib mattress sheets 
to investigate this reported hazard pattern. Staff washed four sets of 
sheets twice in hot water then dried them at the highest temperature 
setting; staff did not wash the remaining four sheet sets. Staff 
measured the length and width of two corner seams of the eight mattress 
sheets with the corner seams straightened. Staff measured length and 
width by holding the innermost ends of two adjacent corner seams, 
separating them until a straight edge was formed, and measuring the 
straight edge.
    Staff set aside for mattress testing the smallest sheet of each 
group, as determined by the smallest length and width dimensions. The 
sheets were then fitted on the mattresses to determine the change in 
dimensions and whether any potentially hazardous gaps were created. 
Staff shared the test results, detailed in Tab B of Staff's NPR 
Briefing Package, with the subcommittee chair on March 20, 2020, but no 
ASTM subcommittee or task group meetings for crib mattresses have 
occurred since then, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To strengthen the 
standard, the Commission proposes in the NPR to add a test for full-
size mattresses to assess compression and fit issues caused by a tight-
fitting sheet. This additional test may also help with complaints 
around mattresses inflating or expanding,

[[Page 67917]]

because the proposed test would repeat the dimensional conformity test.
b. Dimension Requirements for After-Market Non-Full-Size Crib 
Mattresses
    ASTM F2933-19 addresses dimensional requirements for non-full-size 
crib mattresses in two places: Section 5.7, which addresses mattresses 
``supplied with'' a non-full-size crib (OEM mattresses), and section 
5.9, which addresses after-market mattresses for non-full-size cribs 
(mattresses purchased separately from a crib, which are not intended by 
the OEM as a replacement mattress). Dimensional requirements for non-
full-size crib mattresses are a key requirement in ASTM F2933-19, 
because size requirements prevent hazardous gaps from forming between 
the edge of a mattress and the side of the crib, where infants can 
become entrapped and suffocate. Table 7 presents the types of crib 
mattresses covered by ASTM F2933 and the current dimensional 
requirements for each mattress type.

                                         Table 7--Current Performance Requirements for Crib Mattress Dimensions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      ASTM F2933-19     16 CFR 1221      16 CFR 1220     ASTM F2933-19    ASTM F2933-19
                                                                    -----------------    ASTM F406        ASTM F406    ---------------------------------
                                                                     Crib mattresses ---------------------------------- Crib mattresses  Crib mattresses
                                                                    -----------------    Play yards     Non-full-size  ---------------------------------
                                                                                     -----------------      cribs
                                                                         5.7.1.1                      -----------------      5.7.2            5.9.1
                                                                                           5.16.2            5.17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Full-Size..............................  All.......................               X   ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............
Play Yards.............................  Original *................  ...............               X   ...............  ...............            X **
                                         After-market..............
Rectangular NFS........................  Original *................  ...............  ...............               X                X   ...............
                                         After-market..............
Non-Rectangular NFS....................  Original *................  ...............  ...............               X                X              X *
                                         After-market..............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Includes ``replacement mattresses,'' which are assumed to be sold by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and equivalent in dimension and
  specification to the original mattress (see ASTM F2933-19 section 3.1.1.1).
** After-market play yard mattresses that are also used in a bassinet attachment to that play yard must also meet ASTM F2194, for bassinets.

    Table 7 demonstrates a gap in the dimensional requirements for 
after-market, rectangular-shaped, non-full-size crib mattresses in 
section 5.9 ASTM F2933-19 (shaded), which does not appear to have a 
performance requirement for mattress dimension. The Commission proposes 
in the NPR to address this gap by expanding the non-full-size crib 
mattress requirements in 5.7.2, which currently only apply to OEM 
mattresses, to apply to all non-full-size crib mattresses.
    Although the after-market requirements in section 5.9 are 
purportedly intended to apply to ``After-market mattress for play yard 
and non-full size crib,'' the requirements in section 5.9.1 are limited 
to ``mesh/fabric sided products'' (meaning play yards) and ``rigid 
sided non-rectangular products'' (meaning non-rectangular non-full-size 
cribs). Because section 5.7 of ASTM F2933-19 only applies to OEM 
mattresses, no performance requirements in the standard apply to after-
market, rectangular-shaped, non-full-size crib mattresses. CPSC staff 
reviewed the rationales for changes to the after-market requirements 
for crib mattresses in the ASTM standards, and notes that the ASTM 
intentionally limited performance requirements in section 5.9.1 by 
omitting rectangular mattresses for rigid-sided products (i.e., 
rectangular non-full-size cribs). Staff reviewed ASTM minutes and 
ballot F15 (17-02), which implemented this requirement in F2933; 
however, staff could not determine the rationale for limiting the 
requirements to only non-rectangular products.
    Although ASTM F2933-19 contains no dimension requirements for 
after-market, rectangular-shaped, non-full-size crib mattresses, the 
standard does contain warning requirements pertaining to the size of 
after-market mattresses for rectangular non-full-size cribs. Staff's 
NPR Briefing Package details these warnings requirements in section 7 
of ASTM F2933-19. Generally, solely relying on a warning label puts the 
onus on the consumer to read, understand, and follow the direction to 
only use an OEM mattress. CPSC staff concluded that warnings alone are 
insufficient to address the hazards associated with ill-fitting, after-
market, non-full-size crib mattresses.
3. Found Prone, Face Into Mattress, and Softness
    CPSC staff separated the hazard patterns for found prone, face into 
mattress, and softness in the incident review, as reflected in Table 6. 
However, due to available details in each incident, CPSC staff 
considers these hazard patterns to be related. Accordingly, the 
Commission's proposed modifications in the NPR related to each of these 
hazard patterns may address incidents associated with all three hazard 
patterns.
    Staff found that in 57 percent (66 out of 116) of the reported 
fatalities and three reported nonfatal incidents (1%), the infant was 
found in a prone position (face down) with no mention of whether the 
face of the child was in contact with the crib mattress or crib sheet, 
and no mention of whether the face was obstructed by other crib bedding 
or other items in the sleep environment. However, in 11 percent (13 out 
of 116) of fatalities, when discovered, the child was found prone and 
the report specifically indicated the face of the child was in contact 
with a crib mattress or crib sheet covering the crib mattress. Based on 
the available information about each fatality, staff found that some 
reports indicate that bedding was present in the sleeping environment, 
but bedding was not touching the infant or did not appear to be a 
contributing factor in the death. Additionally, staff found that in 11 
percent (36 out of 323) of the nonfatal incidents, the report stated 
that a crib mattress inner cushioning was too soft. Although these 
incidents did not involve a fatality, soft bedding, such as pillows and 
comforters, is associated with infant fatalities, and staff deduces 
that an excessively soft mattress (i.e., one that may mold around or 
otherwise occlude an infant's airway), such as mattresses made of 
memory foam,\46\ could present the same hazard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ Memory foam is a viscoelastic-foam product that is 
sensitive to pressure and temperature and intended to conform to the 
body.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Pillows, and other soft, pillow-like objects can pose a suffocation 
hazard to

[[Page 67918]]

infants by conforming to the face and blocking the nose and mouth. A 
crib mattress must be sufficiently firm to prevent a child's nose and 
mouth from being obstructed by a mattress that is too soft and pillow-
like. Prone positioning is a known risk factor for SUID, and may be 
related to limited physical and developmental capabilities of infants, 
who may not arouse themselves in a low-oxygen situation. Suffocation-
type asphyxial deaths (e.g., smothering) involve occlusion of airways 
and can occur when an infant is placed to sleep or rolls into a prone 
position on a surface capable of conforming to the body or face of an 
infant, such that the mouth and nose are physically blocked, preventing 
air passage. Moreover, published guidance from the American Academy of 
Pediatrics (AAP) states: ``A soft sleeping surface (e.g., memory foam) 
can increase the risk of rebreathing or suffocation'' \47\; and ``Soft 
mattresses, including those made from memory foam, could create a 
pocket (or indentation) and increase the chance of rebreathing or 
suffocation if the infant is placed in or rolls over to the prone 
position.'' \48\ Tab E of Staff's NPR Briefing Package contains 
additional information about the suffocation hazard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0615/p806.html.
    \48\ https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/5/e20162938#ref-19.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Other than through warnings, ASTM F2933-19 does not address 
mattress firmness or softness hazards potentially related to prone and 
face into mattress incidents. ASTM F2933-19 contains warning 
requirements regarding prone positioning; however, based on CPSC 
staff's analysis, warnings alone are inadequate to address the 
suffocation hazard. The Commission proposes in the NPR a performance 
requirement to measure mattress firmness, to address some prone-
positioning deaths \49\--in which it was not clear that that face was 
in the mattress. In a letter to the ASTM subcommittee chair for crib 
mattresses, dated December 11, 2019, staff recommended that the 
subcommittee continue their previous work on mattress firmness. The 
firmness task group met on January 8, 2020, to discuss this 
recommendation. In a task group meeting held on February 13, 2020, 
staff verbally shared the results of staff's testing to AS/NZS 
8811.1:2013 and a draft test method in ISO/CD 23767, although most 
members had yet to perform any testing. Staff also shared testing 
results in a letter to the subcommittee and task group chair on March 
20, 2020. The task group planned to discuss CPSC testing results at the 
April subcommittee meeting, which was canceled due to the COVID-19 
pandemic. CPSC staff's testing, detailed in Tab B of Staff's NPR 
Briefing Package, found few failures with either test method, based on 
11 sample mattresses available from big box retail stores.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ Many factors contribute to prone positioning deaths, and 
suffocation face down in a soft mattress is just one possible 
factor. Staff could not definitively associate soft mattresses with 
specific incidents. However, staff did not associate incidents with 
firm mattresses, and staff is aware of deaths associated with other 
products with conforming surfaces (e.g., pillows, blankets).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After evaluating the hazards associated with soft surfaces, the 
Commission proposes in the NPR additional performance requirements to 
make the standard more stringent, to further reduce the risk of death 
and injury associated with mattresses that are too soft and have the 
ability to conform to an infant's face. Although the warning label 
change and the firmness test will not make prone sleeping safe, they 
may help to reduce the instances in which an infant maneuvers into a 
prone position with its face in the mattress that could have been 
mitigated with a firmer surface. CPSC staff determined that the AS/NZS 
8811.1:2103 is more repeatable and more stringent than the draft test 
in ISO/CD 23767. Accordingly, the Commission proposes a mattress 
firmness test in the NPR for all crib mattresses within the scope of 
the standard that is based on sections 6 and 8 of AS/NZS 
8811.1:2013.\50\ Tab B of Staff's NPR Briefing Package contains 
additional details regarding staff's testing of mattress firmness and 
the rationale for recommending the addition of the performance test 
based on AS/NZS 8811.1:2013.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ Staff also used a test based on AS/NZS 8811.1:2013 to 
address a smothering-type suffocation hazard presented by crib 
bumpers separating from the crib or otherwise protruding into the 
sleep area and getting underneath an infant. In these situations, 
the crib bumper behaves like a quilt or soft bedding that is able to 
conform to, and occlude, airway openings. Extending the requirement 
to the mattress will similarly reduce the risk of suffocation posed 
by soft depressions or indentations in crib mattresses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Adequacy of Marking, Labeling, and Instructions 51
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \51\ Staff's NPR Briefing Package at Tab F contains additional 
details on the basis for the Commission's proposed modifications to 
the marking, labeling, and instructional literature requirements for 
crib mattresses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Universally, labeling experts view warning about a hazard as less 
effective at addressing hazards than either designing the hazard out of 
a product, or guarding the consumer from the hazard. The use of 
warnings is lower in the hazard-control hierarchy than design-based 
approaches because the effectiveness depends on persuading consumers to 
alter their behavior in some way to avoid hazards, rather than 
eliminating hazards or inhibiting exposure to hazards. Therefore, when 
a standard relies on warnings to address a hazard, warning statements 
must be as strong as possible; i.e., the warnings must be noticeable, 
understandable, and motivating. The primary U.S. voluntary consensus 
standard for product safety signs and labels, ANSI Z535.4, American 
National Standard for Product Safety Signs and Labels, recommends that 
on-product warnings include content that addresses the following three 
elements: \52\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ All three elements may not be necessary in some cases, such 
as if certain information is open and obvious or can be readily 
inferred by consumers. However, people often overestimate the 
obviousness of such information to consumers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     A description of the hazard;
     information about the consequences of exposure to the 
hazard; and
     instructions regarding appropriate hazard-avoidance 
behaviors.
    Section 7 of ASTM F2933-19 specifies requirements for marking and 
labeling for full-size crib mattresses, non-full-size crib mattresses, 
and after-market mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs. 
Based on CPSC staff's examination of literature, incident data, and 
consumer feedback, the crib mattress warnings specified in ASTM F2933-
19 do not adequately address these warning elements regarding the 
identified hazards. While there are warnings pertaining to infant 
positioning, soft bedding, and gap entrapment, the wording and 
formatting of the warning message needs to be improved to communicate 
the hazards effectively. Below we summarize the relevant warnings in 
ASTM F2933-19 and the Commission's concerns with the warnings.
1. Warnings Regarding Infant Positioning
    Regarding positioning babies on their backs to sleep, ASTM F2933-19 
requires the following warning:

    Failure to follow these warnings could result in serious injury 
or death. To prevent deaths, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety 
Commission (CPSC), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the 
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 
recommend the following:
    To reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and 
suffocation, pediatricians recommend healthy infants be placed on 
their backs to sleep, unless otherwise advised by your physician.

The warning to place babies on their backs to sleep includes, and is

[[Page 67919]]

presented after, a significant amount of unnecessary text. Given that 
at least 102 of the 116 deaths involved prone positioning, many of 
which indicated no other known contributing factors, it is imperative 
that this warning be as clear and direct as possible. As discussed in 
Tab C of Staff's NPR Briefing Package, and the Appendix to Tab C, the 
Commission proposes in the NPR to modify this warning statement and its 
position on the warning label to increase the likelihood of consumers 
reading and understanding the hazard of prone sleeping.
2. Warnings Regarding Soft Bedding
    Regarding soft bedding, ASTM F2933-19 includes the following 
warnings:
     Infants can suffocate on soft bedding. Never place a 
pillow or comforter under sleeping infant for additional padding or as 
a mattress substitute.
     Do not cover the heads of babies with a blanket or over 
bundle them in clothing and blankets. Overheating can lead to SIDS.
     [For full-size crib mattresses] Only use sheets and 
mattress pads designed specifically for crib mattresses.
     [For non-full-size crib mattresses] Only use sheets and 
mattress pads designed specifically for this mattress size.

Staff's review indicates that unnecessary wording is included in the 
warnings pertaining to soft bedding, and that the warnings are not 
clearly organized. Reports for at least 49 incidents indicate that 
caregivers added soft bedding to the sleep area, and survey \53\ and 
focus group \54\ feedback demonstrates that consumers commonly use soft 
bedding in infant sleep areas. As advocated in numerous public 
awareness campaigns by health and safety professionals, warnings 
regarding soft bedding must be communicated effectively. The Commission 
proposes to modify the warning content and formatting to increase the 
readability and directness of the warnings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \53\ See section II.C of this preamble for information about the 
DNPES.
    \54\ The 2019 ``Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): 
Caregiver Perceptions and Reactions to Safety Messaging Final 
Report,'' by Fors Marsh Group, includes a discussion of feedback 
from parents and grandparents who participated in focus groups 
pertaining to safe sleep practices. See Staff's NPR Briefing Package 
at Tab C for more information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Warnings Regarding Gaps
    Regarding gaps, in addition to specifying consumers use only sheets 
and mattress pads designed for the crib mattress, ASTM F2933-19 
includes the following warnings:
     [For full-size crib mattresses] Do not use this mattress 
in a crib having interior dimensions that exceed 28\5/8\ by 53 in. (73 
by 135 cm) as measured from the innermost surfaces of the crib.
     [For non-full-size rigid sided rectangular products] Check 
for proper fit of the mattress. This mattress measures ___ long, ___ 
wide, and ___ thick when measured from seam to seam. (The blank is to 
be filled in.)
     [For play yards and non-full-size cribs] Suffocation 
hazard: Babies have suffocated:
     In gaps between wrong-size mattress and side walls of 
product.
     Between the side walls and extra padding, such as stacked 
mattresses.
    ALWAYS check mattress fit by pushing mattress tight to one corner. 
Look for any gaps between the mattress and the side walls. If this gap 
is larger than 1 in., the mattress does not fit and should NOT be used.
    NEVER stack with another mattress. Use only ONE mattress.
    For full-size crib mattresses, staff's review shows that these 
warnings do not provide consumers with enough information about the gap 
entrapment hazard. Reports for at least 14 of the cases resulting in 
death describe gaps involving a full-size crib mattress (at least 119 
incident reports including complaints with and without injuries). 
Regarding this hazard, the warnings in ASTM F2933-19 inform consumers 
that only the full-size crib mattress is to be used in a crib with the 
specified dimensions (full-size crib dimensions in compliance with 16 
CFR part 1219), and that consumers are to use only sheets and mattress 
pads designed specifically for crib mattresses. A single statement 
about specified dimensions is not sufficient, given the prevalence of 
this hazard and that factors such as rounded edges and compression can 
increase the size of side wall or corner gaps. The Commission proposes 
to modify these warnings to present more clearly and accurately the 
hazard information, including the hazard information for full-size crib 
mattresses.
4. Additional Concerns Regarding the Warnings
    The Commission has additional concerns with the safety information 
requirements in ASTM F2933-19, which undercut the effectiveness of the 
communication of the identified hazards. These concerns include, but 
are not limited to, the following:
     The definition of ``conspicuous'' in section 3 is 
ambiguous;
     the warning labels do not have a clear and comprehensive 
hazard identifier;
     the packaging requirements for marking and labeling are 
limited and exclude full-size crib mattresses;
     there are no requirements for warnings in instructional 
literature;
     the warning message includes a significant amount of 
superfluous text, resulting consequently in warning labels that are 
more difficult to understand and less likely to be read in their 
entirety; and
     the requirements in section 7 are worded and organized 
poorly, which may lead to confusion among manufacturers, test labs, and 
others viewing the standard.
    The Commission proposes in the NPR to improve the requirements for 
safety information in ASTM F2933-19 to address the above concerns and 
further reduce the risk of injury and death from the identified 
hazards. In a side-by-side redline of the current and proposed labeling 
provisions in the Appendix to Tab C of Staff's NPR Briefing Package, 
staff identifies the specific weaknesses of ASTM F2933-19 for 
addressing the hazards, and provides explanations for the proposed 
modifications.
5. Basis for NPR Proposed Modifications to Safety Information
    The Commission proposes in the NPR substantial modifications to the 
requirements for marking and labeling specified in ASTM F2933-19, 
including a new section on instructional literature. Figure 1 shows a 
comparison of full-size crib mattress warning labels compliant with 
ASTM F2933-19 current requirements versus the NPR's proposed labeling 
requirements.
BILLING CODE 6355-01-P

[[Page 67920]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP26OC20.000

BILLING CODE 6355-01-C
    Proposed modifications to safety information in the NPR consider 
improvements to the safety information from ASTM F15.66 and additional 
members of the ASTM F15 committee on consumer products.\55\ Recently, 
ASTM F15 balloted changes to ASTM F2933-19, which were developed by 
ASTM F15.66.\56\ The recommendations by ASTM F15.66, as well as those 
provided in comments by ASTM F15 members on the ballot, include 
improvements to the warning content and format, and clarifications for 
manufacturers, regulators, and test labs regarding the requirements of 
the standard. Many of the changes incorporate efforts to align with 
recommendations from the Ad Hoc Language task group.\57\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \55\ Since May 2018, staff has been participating in ASTM F15.66 
to address the identified hazards. Subcommittee members include 
manufacturers, safety and health advocacy groups, and other 
interested parties.
    \56\ ASTM F15 balloted revisions to ASTM F2933-19, particularly 
section 7, on April 6, 2020, resulting in 97 affirmatives, 7 
negatives, and 293 abstentions (ASTM ballot F15 (20-02), item #15, 
Proposed Changes to ASTM F2933-19 Standard Consumer Safety 
Specification for Crib Mattresses (WK 72077)). Currently, ASTM 
F15.66 has not resolved the negative comments, so ESHF staff has 
considered the negative comments in developing staff's recommended 
changes to the safety information in ASTM F2933-19.
    \57\ The ``Recommended Language Approved by Ad Hoc Task Group 
Revision E,'' dated May 28, 2019, documents recommendations from the 
ASTM Ad Hoc Language task group for ASTM juvenile products 
standards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In 2016, ASTM juvenile products standards began adopting ``Ad Hoc'' 
labeling recommendations, to increase the consistency of on-product 
warning design among juvenile products, and to address numerous warning 
format issues related to capturing consumer attention, improving 
readability, and increasing hazard perception and avoidance behavior. 
The warning format recommendations from Ad Hoc are based primarily on 
the requirements of ANSI Z535.4, while also accounting for the wide 
range and unique nature of durable nursery products, the concerns 
raised by industry representatives, and CPSC staff's recommendations 
associated with durable nursery product rulemaking projects over the 
past several years. These recommendations include requirements for the 
following:
     Content that is ``easy to read and understand,'' not 
contradicted elsewhere on the product, and in English, at a minimum;
     conformance to the following sections of ANSI Z535.4-2011:
    [cir] ANSI Z535.4, sections 6.1-6.4, which include requirements 
related to safety alert symbol use, signal word selection, and warning 
panel format, arrangement, and shape;
    [cir] ANSI Z535.4, sections 7.2-7.6.3, which include color 
requirements for each panel; and
    [cir] ANSI Z535.4, section 8.1, which addresses letter style;
     minimum text size and text alignment; and
     the use of bullets, lists, outline, and paragraph form for 
hazard-avoidance statements.
    The Ad Hoc recommendations also include text for general labeling 
issues, such as labeling permanency, and content related to 
manufacturer contact

[[Page 67921]]

information and date of manufacture. The majority of the Commission's 
proposed modifications incorporate recommendations from stakeholders 
participating in ASTM F15, but several proposed modifications in the 
NPR deviate from what has been balloted and recommended by ASTM F15. 
These modifications in the NPR are based on staff's further 
consideration of the available data, and have not yet been reviewed by 
ASTM.

VII. Proposed Standard for Crib Mattresses

    The Commission proposes in the NPR a mandatory standard for crib 
mattresses that incorporates by reference ASTM F2933-19 with 
modifications to make the standard more stringent, to further reduce 
the risk of injury associated with crib mattresses. Below we summarize 
the proposed modifications in the NPR.

A. Cyclic Test for Coil or Spring Lacerations

    To further reduce the risk of infant lacerations from exposed coils 
and springs, the Commission proposes in the NPR to require a cyclic 
loading test for all crib mattresses that use coils and springs, as 
follows:
    1. Mattress shall be tested in an enclosed frame measuring 29 
inches x 53 inches (737 mm by 1346 mm) for the purpose of restricting 
mattress movement. A crib meeting the requirements of ASTM F1169-19 
would suffice.
    2. The mattress can be placed on top of a \3/4\'' piece of plywood 
or OSB, which is rigidly supported along the perimeter.
    3. An impactor with the dimensions of the vertical impactor of ASTM 
F1169-19 weighing 30 lbs. shall be dropped from a height of 6 inches 
from the top of the mattress surface to the bottom of the impactor, 250 
times in four locations (specified in Figure 1), for a total of 1,000 
cycles. Cyclic loading rate shall be one drop every 4  1 
seconds.
    4. At the conclusion of the cyclic loading test, the mattress shall 
be removed from the test enclosure and visually inspected for exposed 
wires or coil springs.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP26OC20.001

B. Test for Mattress Compression From Fitted Sheets

    To further reduce the risk of injury associated with corner gap 
entrapment from compression by fitted sheets, the Commission proposes 
in the NPR the following new test for full-size crib mattresses:
    1. To condition the sheet for compression testing, a store-bought 
fitted mattress sheet intended for the tested mattress size, consisting 
of 100 percent cotton, shall be washed in hot water (50 [deg]C [122 
[deg]F] or higher) and dried a minimum of two times on the highest 
setting, using household textile laundering units.
    2. The shrunken fitted sheet shall be placed fully on the mattress, 
such that each sheet edge is wrapped fully around and under the 
mattress.
    3. The mattress, with the shrunken sheet, shall meet the Mattress 
Dimension requirements in ASTM F2933-19.
    3.1. A full-size crib mattress shall be measured according to 
section 6.2 of the standard.
    3.1.1. After dimensional measurements are taken, while no force is 
being applied, measure the corner gap between the adjoining Walls C and 
D and the crib mattress. See Figure 1 for illustration. The gap shall 
not exceed 1.75 in.
    3.1.1.1. Corner gap measurements shall be repeated after rotating 
the mattress 180[deg] and repositioning it in the corner following 
sections 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2 of ASTM F2933-19.
    The Commission is not aware of incidents related to non-full-size 
crib mattresses compressing when sheets are installed. Therefore, at 
this time, the Commission is not proposing a similar

[[Page 67922]]

sheet compression test for non-full-size crib mattresses. However, the 
Commission seeks more information on whether to require the sheet 
compression test for non-full-size crib mattresses, and whether such a 
test would help reduce corner gap entrapments in non-full-size cribs. 
Accordingly, the Commission invites comments regarding the 
applicability of the sheet compression test for non-full-size crib 
mattresses and the use of sheets with non-full-size mattresses.

C. Dimension Requirements for After-Market Non-Full-Size Crib 
Mattresses

    To further reduce the risk of injury associated with after-market 
non-full-size crib mattresses, the Commission proposes in the NPR to 
require a dimensional performance requirement for all non-full-size 
crib mattresses. The Commission proposes that the current performance 
requirements for OEM non-full-size crib mattresses in section 5.7.2 of 
ASTM F2933-19 be modified to apply to all non-full-size crib 
mattresses, regardless of whether the mattress is sold with a crib, and 
regardless of the shape of the mattress. The size and thickness 
requirements for OEM non-full-size crib mattresses in section 5.7.2 of 
ASTM F2933-19 repeat the requirements for non-full-size crib mattresses 
in section 5.17 of ASTM F406. To preclude the size requirements in each 
standard from unintentionally diverging in the future, the Commission 
proposes in the NPR to revise section 5.7.2 to refer to the 
requirements for non-full-size crib mattresses in F406, rather than 
repeating the same requirements in F2933.

D. Corrections to Section 5.9 of ASTM F2933-19

    To accommodate the modification for non-full-size cribs in section 
5.7, the Commission proposes in the NPR to remove references to after-
market non-full-size crib mattresses from section 5.9 of ASTM F2933-19, 
such that section 5.9 focuses solely upon performance requirements for 
after-market play yard mattresses.
    The Commission also notes an inconsistency in the language of ASTM 
F2933-19 section 5.9.1.3, which requires that a ``replacement 
mattress'' for a play yard bassinet with a bassinet attachment meet 
certain specifications in ASTM F2194, when tested with each brand and 
model it is intended to replace. This requirement for bassinet 
mattresses appears in the section for ``after-market'' mattresses. 
Section 3.1.1 of ASTM F2933-19 specifically exempts ``replacement'' 
mattresses from the term ``after-market,'' because ``replacement'' 
mattresses are supplied by an OEM and are equivalent to the original 
mattress. The Commission proposes in the NPR to clarify that the 
requirements in section 5.9.1.3 apply to after-market mattresses, by 
replacing the term ``replacement,'' with the word ``after-market.''
    Appendix B to Tab B of Staff's NPR Briefing Package contains a 
redline of the proposed changes to sections 5.7.2 and 5.9 of ASTM 
F2933-19. The Commission invites comments on this proposal. Staff 
intends to continue to work with ASTM to address concerns with 
exempting after-market, rectangular-shaped, non-full-size crib 
mattresses from performance requirements.

E. Mattress Firmness Test

    To further reduce the risk of infant suffocation associated with 
surface softness in crib mattresses, the Commission proposes the 
following mattress firmness test for all crib mattresses within the 
scope of the standard, based on a test for mattress firmness in section 
8 of AS/NZS 8811.1:2013:
    1. Mark three equidistant points along the longitudinal center 
line, with one at the center and the other two equidistantly between 
the center and the edge of the mattress. Choose one more ``worst-case'' 
scenario test location(s) where an infant's head might lie in a 
particularly soft spot, or an infant's nose or mouth might contact a 
protrusion above the sleep surface.
    2. Hold the test fixture with its base horizontally, and rotate it 
so the feeler arm is aligned with the center line of the sleep surface, 
and pointing in the same direction for each test; then gently set down 
the fixture on one of the test locations, ensuring that the edge of the 
bottom disk does not extend beyond the edge of the sleep surface.
    3. If the level indicates that the feeler arm is approximately 
level when the fixture is resting on the sleep surface, observe whether 
the feeler arm makes any contact with the top of the sleep surface or 
cover. If the feeler arm is not level, decompress the mattress, allow 
it to settle, and start again. If the feeler arm contacts the sleep 
surface even when the test fixture is tilted back so as to raise the 
feeler arm, assume that such contact would occur had the fixture come 
to rest horizontally.
    4. Repeat steps at remaining locations.

F. Proposed Modifications to Safety Information

    As detailed in Tab C of Staff's NPR Briefing Package, and the 
Appendix to Tab C, the Commission proposes in the NPR to include a 
significant number of modifications to the requirements for the safety 
information that accompanies crib mattresses, including warning labels, 
packaging, and instructions. Labeling modifications include the 
following:
     Improved definition of ``conspicuous'' to clarify that the 
warning label's placement must make it visible to someone who positions 
the mattress for use;
     Updated the general marking and labeling requirements;
     Improved warning labels and examples;
     Re-organized and clarified the marking and labeling 
requirements for manufacturers, test labs, and other viewers of the 
standard;
     Added warning requirements for full-size crib mattress 
packaging and improved the warning requirements for packaging of after-
market mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs; and
     Added a new section on instructional literature, which 
provides an additional medium by which to communicate safe-use 
information.
    These modifications are intended to further reduce the risk of 
death and serious injury associated with crib mattresses, such as SUID 
related to prone positioning of infants, soft bedding in sleep areas, 
and hazardous gaps between crib mattresses and product sides. The 
majority of the modifications incorporate recommendations from 
stakeholders participating in ASTM F15, with several deviations based 
on CPSC staff's further consideration of the available data, which have 
not yet been reviewed by ASTM. While safety information is unlikely to 
effectively address the identified hazards, these modifications are 
likely to support the effectiveness of the proposed performance 
requirements, increase the likelihood of consumers understanding the 
hazards, and clarify the requirements for manufacturers, test labs, and 
other viewers of the standard.

VIII. Proposed Amendment to 16 CFR Part 1112 To Include NOR for Crib 
Mattresses

    The CPSA establishes certain requirements for product certification 
and testing. Products subject to a consumer product safety rule under 
the CPSA, or to a similar rule, ban, standard or regulation under any 
other act enforced by the Commission, must be certified as complying 
with all applicable CPSC-enforced requirements. 15 U.S.C. 2063(a). 
Certification of children's products subject to a children's product 
safety rule must be based on testing conducted by a CPSC-accepted third 
party conformity

[[Page 67923]]

assessment body. Id. 2063(a)(2). The Commission must publish an NOR for 
the accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies to assess 
conformity with a children's product safety rule to which a children's 
product is subject. Id. 2063(a)(3). Thus, the proposed rule for 16 CFR 
part 1241, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses, 
if issued as a final rule, would be a children's product safety rule 
that requires the issuance of an NOR.
    The Commission published a final rule, Requirements Pertaining to 
Third Party Conformity Assessment Bodies, 78 FR 15836 (March 12, 2013), 
codified at 16 CFR part 1112 (``part 1112'') and effective on June 10, 
2013, which establishes requirements for accreditation of third party 
conformity assessment bodies to test for conformity with a children's 
product safety rule in accordance with section 14(a)(2) of the CPSA. 
Part 1112 also codifies all of the NORs issued previously by the 
Commission.
    All new NORs for new children's product safety rules, such as the 
crib mattress standard, require an amendment to part 1112. To meet the 
requirement that the Commission issue an NOR for the crib mattress 
standard, as part of this NPR, the Commission proposes to amend the 
existing rule that codifies the list of all NORs issued by the 
Commission to add crib mattresses to the list of children's product 
safety rules for which the CPSC has issued an NOR.
    Test laboratories applying for acceptance as a CPSC-accepted third 
party conformity assessment body to test to the new standard for crib 
mattresses would be required to meet the third party conformity 
assessment body accreditation requirements in part 1112. When a 
laboratory meets the requirements as a CPSC-accepted third party 
conformity assessment body, the laboratory can apply to the CPSC to 
have 16 CFR part 1241, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Crib 
Mattresses, included in the laboratory's scope of accreditation of CPSC 
safety rules listed for the laboratory on the CPSC website at: 
www.cpsc.gov/labsearch.

IX. Proposed Amendment to Definitions in Consumer Registration Rule

    The statutory definition of ``durable infant or toddler product'' 
in section 104(f) applies to all of section 104 of the CPSIA. In 
addition to requiring the Commission to issue safety standards for 
durable infant or toddler products, section 104 of the CPSIA also 
directed the Commission to issue a rule requiring that manufacturers of 
durable infant or toddler products establish a program for consumer 
registration of those products. Public Law 110-314, section 104(d).
    Section 104(f) of the CPSIA defines the term ``durable infant or 
toddler product'' and lists examples of such products:

    (f) DEFINITION OF DURABLE INFANT OR TODDLER PRODUCT. As used in 
this section, the term ``durable infant or toddler product''--
    (1) means a durable product intended for use, or that may be 
reasonably expected to be used, by children under the age of 5 
years; and
    (2) includes--
    (A) full-size cribs and non-full-size cribs;
    (B) toddler beds;
    (C) high chairs; booster chairs, and hook-on-chairs;
    (D) bath seats;
    (E) gates and other enclosures for confining a child;
    (F) play yards;
    (G) stationary activity centers;
    (H) infant carriers;
    (I) strollers;
    (J) walkers;
    (K) swings; and
    (L) bassinets and cradles.

Public Law 110-314, section 104(f).
    The product categories listed in section 104(f)(2) of the CPSIA 
represent a non-exhaustive list of durable infant or toddler product 
categories, including infant sleep products such as cribs (full-size 
and non-full-size), toddler beds, bassinets and cradles, and play 
yards. Id. 2056a(f)(2). Although crib mattresses are used with infant 
sleep products, crib mattresses are not included in the statutory list 
of durable infant or toddler products.
    In 2009, the Commission issued a rule implementing the consumer 
registration requirement. 16 CFR part 1130. As the CPSIA directs, the 
consumer registration rule requires each manufacturer of a durable 
infant or toddler product to: Provide a postage-paid consumer 
registration form with each product; keep records of consumers who 
register their products with the manufacturer; and permanently place 
the manufacturer's name and certain other identifying information on 
the product. When the Commission issued the consumer registration rule, 
the Commission identified six additional products as ``durable infant 
or toddler products'':
    [ssquf] Children's folding chairs;
    [ssquf] changing tables;
    [ssquf] infant bouncers;
    [ssquf] infant bathtubs;
    [ssquf] bed rails; and
    [ssquf] infant slings.

16 CFR 1130.2. The Commission stated that the specified statutory 
categories were not exclusive, but that the Commission should 
explicitly identify the product categories that are covered. The 
preamble to the 2009 final consumer registration rule states: ``Because 
the statute has a broad definition of a durable infant or toddler 
product but also includes 12 specific product categories, additional 
items can and should be included in the definition, but should also be 
specifically listed in the rule.'' 74 FR 68668, 68669 (Dec. 29, 2009).
    This Commission proposes in the NPR to amend part 1130 to include 
``crib mattresses,'' as defined in ASTM F2933, including full-size crib 
mattresses, non-full-size crib mattresses, and after-market mattresses 
for play yards and non-full-size cribs, as durable infant or toddler 
products. The Commission proposes to include ``crib mattresses'' as a 
``durable infant or toddler product'' because: (1) They are intended 
for use, and may be reasonably expected to be used, by children under 
the age of 5 years; (2) they are products similar to the products 
listed in section 104(f)(2) of the CPSIA; (3) they are used in 
conjunction with other durable infant or toddler products used for 
unattended infant sleep, such as cribs, bassinets, and play yards; and 
(4) CPSC cannot fully address the risk of injury associated with such 
infant sleep products without addressing the hazards associated with 
the use of crib mattresses in these infant sleep products.

X. Incorporation by Reference

    The Commission proposes to incorporate by reference ASTM F2933-19, 
with modifications to further reduce the risk of injury associated with 
crib mattresses. The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) has 
regulations concerning incorporation by reference. 1 CFR part 51. For a 
proposed rule, agencies must discuss in the preamble of the NPR ways 
that the materials the agency proposes to incorporate by reference are 
reasonably available to interested persons or how the agency worked to 
make the materials reasonably available. In addition, the preamble of 
the proposed rule must summarize the material. 1 CFR 51.5(a).
    In accordance with the OFR's requirements, section V of this 
preamble summarizes the provisions of ASTM F2933-19 that the Commission 
proposes to incorporate by reference. ASTM F2933-19 is copyrighted. By 
permission of ASTM, the standard can be viewed as a read-only document 
during the comment period on this NPR, at: http://www.astm.org/cpsc.htm. To download or print the standard, interested persons

[[Page 67924]]

may purchase a copy of ASTM F2933-19 from ASTM, through its website 
(http://www.astm.org), or by mail from ASTM International, 100 Bar 
Harbor Drive, P.O. Box 0700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. 
Alternatively, interested parties may inspect a copy of the standard at 
CPSC's Division of the Secretariat by contacting Alberta E. Mills, 
Division of the Secretariat, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 
4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone: 301-504-7479; 
email: [email protected].

XI. Effective Date

    The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) generally requires that the 
effective date of a rule be at least 30 days after publication of the 
final rule. 5 U.S.C. 553(d). The Commission proposes a 6-month 
effective date for a final rule on crib mattresses. Barring evidence to 
the contrary, 6 months is typically sufficient time for suppliers to 
come into compliance with a new standard, and this amount of time is 
typical for other CPSIA section 104 rules. Six months is also the 
period that the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association typically 
allows for products in their certification program to shift to a new 
standard once that new standard is published. Therefore, juvenile 
product manufacturers are accustomed to adjusting to new standards 
within this time. The Commission notes that this NPR for crib 
mattresses contains additional testing requirements and labeling 
changes, and that the current global COVID-19 pandemic has affected 
supply chains. The Commission invites comments, particularly from small 
businesses, regarding the amount of time they will need to come into 
compliance with a final rule.

XII. Regulatory Flexibility Act 58
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    \58\ See Tab F of Staff's NPR Briefing Package for additional 
information on the RFA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. Introduction

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) requires that agencies review 
a proposed rule for the rule's potential economic impact on small 
entities, including small businesses. Section 603 of the RFA generally 
requires that agencies prepare an initial regulatory flexibility 
analysis (IRFA) and make the analysis available to the public for 
comment when the agency publishes an NPR. 5 U.S.C. 603. Section 605 of 
the RFA provides that an IRFA is not required if the agency certifies 
that the rule will not, if promulgated, have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. The IRFA must 
describe the impact of the proposed rule on small entities and identify 
significant alternatives that accomplish the statutory objectives and 
minimize any significant economic impact of the proposed rule on small 
entities. Specifically, the IRFA must contain:
    [ssquf] A description of the reasons why action by the agency is 
being considered;
    [ssquf] a succinct statement of the objectives of, and legal basis 
for, the proposed rule;
    [ssquf] a description of, and where feasible, an estimate of the 
number of small entities to which the proposed rule will apply;
    [ssquf] a description of the projected reporting, recordkeeping, 
and other compliance requirements of the proposed rule, including an 
estimate of the classes of small entities subject to the requirements 
and the type of professional skills necessary for the preparation of 
reports or records; and
    [ssquf] identification, to the extent possible, of all relevant 
federal rules that may duplicate, overlap, or conflict with the 
proposed rule.
    Additionally, the IRFA must describe any significant alternatives 
to the proposed rule that accomplish the stated objectives of 
applicable statutes and minimize any significant economic impact of the 
proposed rule on small entities. CPSC staff prepared an IRFA for this 
rulemaking which appears at Tab F of the Staff's NPR Briefing Package. 
We provide a summary of the IRFA below.

B. Agency Action, NPR Objectives, Product Description, and Market 
Description

    An explanation of why the agency is considering issuing a mandatory 
rule for crib mattresses and a statement of the objectives of, and 
legal basis for, the proposed rule, are set forth in section I of this 
preamble. Section II of this preamble describes the types of crib 
mattresses within the scope of the NPR, the market for crib mattresses, 
and the use of crib mattresses in the United States.

C. Small Entities to Which the NPR Would Apply

    Manufacturers of crib mattresses are typically categorized under 
the NAICS category 337910 (Mattress Manufacturing). The Small Business 
Administration (SBA) guidelines consider mattress manufacturing 
establishments to be small if they have fewer than 1,000 employees.\59\ 
Importers of crib mattresses are typically categorized under NAICS code 
423210 (Furniture Merchant Wholesalers) and SBA guidelines would 
consider them small if they have fewer than 100 employees.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ The size guidelines are established by the U.S. Small 
Business Administration (SBA).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Staff identified 26 manufacturers and importers of full-size and 
non-full-size crib mattresses, and after-market play yard mattresses. A 
majority of the 26 firms have under 50 employees. Most of the firms are 
domestic manufacturers (14) or domestic importers (8). Four firms are 
foreign. Sixteen of these 26 firms meet the SBA criteria for small 
businesses, and 10 firms would be considered large according to the SBA 
criteria.\60\ Among the 16 small domestic firms identified by staff, 9 
were manufacturers and 7 were importers. Staff observes that annual 
revenue varies among small domestic firms, as median annual revenue is 
estimated at $6,740,000, but average annual revenue is higher at 
$46,037,100.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ Based on size and revenue data from Reference USA and firm 
financial reports, websites, and press releases.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Online registries are widely available for new crib mattresses. 
Producers supply crib mattresses to the U.S. market via electronic 
commerce websites, such as Amazon.com, Buy Buy Baby, Hayneedle, KOHL'S, 
Overstock, Walmart, and Wayfair. According to a 2017 Statista survey of 
baby products, the majority (59 percent) of respondents indicated they 
buy baby products mainly or exclusively online.\61\ Staff expects that 
consumers of crib mattresses that do not buy online, purchase their 
mattresses in retail stores.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \61\ Statista Survey of Baby Products in the U.S., 2017.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The majority of crib mattresses on the market are full-size crib 
mattresses. Staff estimates that 40 percent of crib mattresses on the 
market are coil/innerspring mattresses, and approximately 60 percent of 
crib mattresses are foam-core mattresses.\62\ Among small domestic 
manufacturers, approximately 45 percent of available crib mattresses 
are coil mattresses. Among small importers, just 25 percent of 
available crib mattresses are composed of a coil core. Seventy-five 
percent of crib mattresses supplied by small domestic importers of crib 
mattresses consist of a foam core. Staff identified at least three 
small firms that only produce foam-core mattresses,

[[Page 67925]]

while the majority of small entities produce a combination of both coil 
and foam-core crib mattresses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \62\ Based on staff's compiled search results of data available 
on the internet found March through May 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Impact of the Proposed Rule on Small Manufacturers and Importers

    Of the 16 small manufacturers and importers identified by staff, 12 
(8 manufacturers and 4 importers) are members of the JPMA, but staff 
cannot determine how many crib mattresses are currently certified to 
ASTM F2933-19. Many of the firms that would be subject to the draft 
proposed rule are known to produce a variety of children's products 
that are already subject to CPSC children's product safety rules, and 
therefore, are familiar with such requirements.\63\ Additionally, two 
firms that are not JPMA members supply products that claim to meet ASTM 
standards. The Commission seeks comments from small firms on the number 
of mattress models they would typically certify to the ASTM standard 
annually.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \63\ Crib mattresses listed for sale on a variety of online 
retail websites often include product descriptions indicating that 
the crib mattress product meets CPSC general safety standards, while 
not referencing any one specific CPSC safety standard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Manufacturers and importers of crib mattresses would be responsible 
for ensuring that their products comply with the requirements of the 
proposed rule. If a crib mattress does not comply with the 
requirements, the manufacturers or importers will need to modify the 
product or cease manufacture or importation. Importers might be able to 
work with their manufacturers to supply compliant mattresses and could 
potentially switch suppliers if their current supplier is unwilling to 
supply current mattresses. Alternatively, importers might simply drop 
the noncompliant mattresses from their product lines.
    Additionally, as required by section 14 of the CPSA and its 
implementing regulations, manufacturers and importers of crib 
mattresses would be required to certify that their crib mattresses 
comply with the requirements of a final rule, if issued, based on the 
results of third party testing by a CPSC-accepted third party 
conformity assessment body (i.e., testing laboratory). Crib mattresses 
are already subject to third party testing requirements and adoption of 
the proposed rule would only augment existing testing 
requirements.64 65
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \64\ Manufacturers and importers of children's products must 
certify compliance with applicable federal safety requirements in a 
Children's Product Certificate (CPC). In most instances, testing by 
a third party CPSC-accepted laboratory must serve as the basis for 
the production of the CPC.
    \65\ Mattresses intended for children must be tested at a third 
party test laboratory or a fire-walled internal laboratory: https://cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/pdfs/blk_media_mattress.pdf. In either case, 
the lab would need to be CPSC-accepted to test to the standards 
since crib mattresses are considered to be primarily intended for 
children 12 and under.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Costs Associated With Modifying Products
    The majority of crib mattresses currently available on the market 
will not require extensive modification to comply with the proposed 
rule. Staff reports that the majority of crib mattresses they tested 
already meet the performance requirements of the proposed rule. We do 
not know the exact costs of modifying crib mattresses to comply with 
the proposed rule, which would vary by product model. Modifying crib 
mattresses to comply with the compression standard could be as simple 
as adding a perimeter border wire to the mattress edge or an anti-sag 
weight distribution bar to the mattress structure. However, staff 
believes it possible that a required modification could be 
prohibitively expensive, and therefore, the proposed rule may result in 
the removal of certain crib mattresses from commerce.
    Generally, the costs associated with providing instructional 
materials are low on a per-unit basis. Many firms already provide 
instructions with their products, but they may have to change the 
content or formatting of the instructions to comply. Likewise, the cost 
of warning labels is generally low, especially if some warning labels 
are already present, and the product does not need to be modified to 
accommodate new labels.
2. Third Party Testing Costs
    If issued, a final rule would require all manufacturers and 
importers of crib mattresses to meet additional third-party testing 
requirements under section 14 of the CPSA. Third-party testing 
requirements will include any physical and mechanical test requirements 
specified in the final crib mattress rule. Based on information from a 
testing laboratory, the cost of testing to the current version of ASTM 
F2933 is $200 to $250 per sample. The additional testing that would be 
required by the proposed rule would increase this cost by $50 to $75 
per sample tested. Thus, the total cost of the third-party testing 
would be $250 to $325 per sample. Given that the average number of crib 
mattress models per firm is approximately 12, the cost of the third-
party testing could be about $3,000 to $3,900, if only one model per 
sample were required to provide a high degree of assurance that the 
model complied with the requirements of the rule.
    Additionally, according to conformity assessment bodies that staff 
contacted, for each mattress model to be tested, the firm will need to 
provide the crib or play yard equipment intended to be used with the 
mattress being tested. However, to comply with ASTM F2933-19 and other 
CPSC requirements for children's products, the costs of supplying a 
crib, crib mattress, or play yard to the conformity assessment body are 
already borne by the producer for testing under previously adopted 
rules and standards. Regardless, third-party testing facilities have 
indicated that they are unable to store equipment that will be needed 
or used during testing, such as cribs or play yards, for long periods 
of time. Therefore, ensuring that all crib equipment needed for testing 
arrives at the testing lab at the appropriate time may pose a 
logistical burden, even if there is no increase in monetary costs for 
freight or shipping.
    Additional costs of the proposed testing would include the cost of 
the 100 percent cotton sheets used during testing.66 67 
These sheets would be used in the proposed ``Compression Test'' for 
full-size crib mattresses. While the number of times a sheet can be 
reused has not yet been determined, we assume one new sheet per test. 
The cost of one, 100 percent cotton, full-size crib mattress sheet is 
approximately $10.\68\ Staff estimates approximately 3 out of 4 crib 
mattresses on the market are full-size crib mattresses.\69\ Therefore, 
for a typical manufacturer or importer with 12 crib mattress models, 9 
might be full-size crib mattresses, and the additional cost of one 
fitted sheet per full-size mattress would be $90, plus the testing 
costs charged by the conformity assessment body.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \66\ The proposed test includes measuring the mattress without a 
fitted sheet and with a twice-washed fitted sheet.
    \67\ With input from the ASTM standards organization, CPSC staff 
will determine the number of times a sheet can be reused.
    \68\ Based on compiled search results of data available on the 
internet.
    \69\ Based on a review of over 300 mattress models available for 
sale on the internet.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For a subset of mattresses, i.e., metal coil spring crib 
mattresses, the proposed rule would include cyclic impact testing 
called the ``Cyclic Load Test.'' During the Cyclic Load Test, an 
impactor weighing 30 pounds shall be dropped repetitively from above 
the mattress surface, and across four different locations on the 
mattress. As a result of the Cyclic Load Test, the mattress product is 
rendered unusable for either of the proposed mattress firmness or

[[Page 67926]]

compression tests. Under cyclic load testing, the mattress product 
could be misshapen, deformed, or otherwise destroyed, and wire coils 
may protrude from the mattress surface. Approximately 40 percent of 
crib mattresses available for sale are metal spring coil mattresses. 
The average cost of a crib mattress available for sale in the United 
States is $150,\70\ and on average, the typical manufacturer or 
importer of crib mattresses tests 12 models annually. Therefore, the 
cost to the typical small firm of the destroyed mattresses would amount 
to 40 percent of $1,800 (12 models x $150), or approximately $720, as a 
result of the proposed Cyclic Load Test.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \70\ Price estimated from data available on the internet, 
collected between January 2020 and June 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Based on the foregoing, for a typical manufacturer or importer with 
12 crib mattress models that requires only one test per model to 
provide a high degree of assurance, the full cost of third party 
testing will be approximately $3,000 to $3,900, plus $90 in costs for 
fitted-sheet testing materials, and $720 for the cost of used test 
mattresses, for a total of $3,810 to $4,710 or an average of $318 to 
$393 per model.
3. Summary of Impacts
    Generally, based on Small Business Administration guidelines, CPSC 
considers impacts that exceed one percent of a firm's revenue to be 
potentially significant. The lowest reported annual revenue for any 
small domestic firm producing fewer than four crib mattress models was 
$1.36 million. One percent of annual revenue for the firm is $13,600 
($1,360,000 x 0.01). Consequently, if the costs of modifying their 
mattresses to comply with the standard exceeded $13,600, the rule could 
have a significant impact on some small firms. This would include the 
costs of modifying noncompliant mattresses to comply with the 
requirements, the loss of revenue that results from removing 
noncompliant mattresses from their product line, and the cost of third-
party testing. For manufacturers or importers with greater revenue, the 
impact of the proposed would have to be higher than this for the impact 
to be considered significant.
    Given that a substantial number of mattresses already comply with 
the requirements of the proposed rule, and some of the testing costs 
are already being borne by firms that certify to the current voluntary 
standard, the Commission considers it unlikely that the rule would have 
a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
However, we request comments on the costs of the proposed rule, or 
impediments to modifying existing crib mattress products to conform to 
the proposed rule, especially those that would result in the removal of 
the mattress product from the market and other impacts of the draft 
proposed rule on small manufacturers and importers.

E. Other Federal Rules That May Duplicate, Overlap, or Conflict With 
the Draft Proposed Rule

    CPSC staff did not identify any other federal rules that duplicate, 
overlap, or conflict with the proposed rule.

F. Alternatives Considered To Reduce the Impact on Small Entities

    The Commission considered the following alternatives to the 
proposed rule to reduce the impact on small businesses. The Commission 
requests comments on these alternatives or other alternatives that 
could reduce the potential burden on small entities.
1. Adopt ASTM F2933-19 Without Modification
    The Commission considered proposing to incorporate by reference 
ASTM F2933-19, without any modifications, and to direct staff to work 
with ASTM to improve test methods and the firmness of crib mattresses 
in a future revision of the voluntary standard. This alternative could 
reduce the impact of the rule on small businesses, but, according to 
CPSC staff, the reduction would not be expected to be very significant. 
As discussed in the IRFA analysis in Tab F of Staff's NPR Briefing 
Package, and in this preamble, many crib mattresses probably already 
comply with the proposed standard. The additional testing costs 
associated with the modifications to ASTM F2933-19 in the proposed rule 
would only increase the testing costs by $50 to $75 per sample. 
Moreover, adopting ASTM F2933-19 without modification would not address 
all of the identified hazard patterns associated with crib mattresses.
2. Small Batch Exemption
    Under Section 14(d)(4)(C)(ii) of the CPSA, the Commission cannot 
``provide any alternative requirements or exemption'' from third party 
testing for ``durable infant or toddler products,'' as defined in 
section 104(f) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008. 
Consequently, the Commission cannot create a small batch exemption 
absent a statutory change.
3. Delay the Effective Date of the Requirements
    Typically, the Commission proposes an effective date of 6 months 
for durable nursery product rules. Six months is generally considered 
sufficient time for suppliers to come into compliance with a proposed 
durable infant or toddler product rule, unless specific circumstances 
evince the need for a longer effective date. Additionally, 6 months 
from the change in a voluntary standard is the time frame that JPMA 
uses for its certification program, so compliant manufacturers are used 
to a 6-month time frame to comply with a modified standard. The 
Commission proposes a 6-month effective date for a final rule on crib 
mattresses.
    One alternative the Commission will consider to reduce the impact 
of a mandatory rule on small firms is to set an effective date later 
than 6 months. Implementing a later effective date could mitigate the 
effects of the rule on small businesses. For businesses that would 
choose to exit the crib mattress market, or discontinue certain crib 
mattress models currently in production (rather than produce conforming 
products), such a delay might provide them with more time to adjust 
marketing towards other product offerings, sell inventory, or consider 
alternative business opportunities. The Commission requests comments on 
the proposed 6-month effective date.
4. Not Issue a Mandatory Standard
    Another option available to the Commission that would reduce the 
burden on small firms is not to adopt a mandatory standard for crib 
mattresses. Although this option would eliminate the cost impacts of 
complying with the proposed rule, failure to issue a mandatory standard 
for crib mattresses would not adequately address the hazard patterns 
for crib mattresses, especially for hazard patterns that are not 
adequately addressed in the voluntary standard.

G. IRFA Conclusion

    CPSC staff evaluated the possible impacts of the proposed rule on 
small entities, as required by the RFA. Staff identified 26 
manufacturers and importers of mattress products, 16 of which would be 
considered small businesses (9 manufacturers and 7 importers). The 
potential impacts include the costs of modifying mattresses to conform 
to the requirements, the lost revenue if some models are discontinued, 
and the costs associated with the third-party testing. The Commission 
believes it possible

[[Page 67927]]

that the proposed rule could have a significant impact on some small 
firms, but cannot estimate how many. However, the Commission believes 
it unlikely that the proposed rule would have a significant impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. The Commission considered several 
staff-identified alternatives to the proposed rule, to reduce any 
adverse impact on small firms. The Commission concludes that each of 
these alternatives would provide limited relief, or is not available 
due to statutory limitations. The Commission invites comments, 
particularly from small businesses, on the cost of making necessary 
modifications to noncomplying crib mattress models to comply with the 
proposed rule, and alternatives that could reduce the burden on small 
businesses.

XIII. Environmental Considerations

    The Commission's regulations address whether the agency is required 
to prepare an environmental assessment or an environmental impact 
statement. Under these regulations, certain categories of CPSC actions 
normally have ``little or no potential for affecting the human 
environment,'' and therefore do not require an environmental assessment 
or an environmental impact statement. Safety standards providing 
requirements for products come under this categorical exclusion. 16 CFR 
1021.5(c)(1). The NPR for crib mattresses falls within the categorical 
exclusion.

XIV. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule for crib mattresses contains information 
collection requirements that are subject to public comment and review 
by the Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3521). In this document, pursuant 
to 44 U.S.C. 3507(a)(1)(D), we set forth:
    [ssquf] A title for the collection of information;
    [ssquf] a summary of the collection of information;
    [ssquf] a brief description of the need for the information and the 
proposed use of the information;
    [ssquf] a description of the likely respondents and proposed 
frequency of response to the collection of information;
    [ssquf] an estimate of the burden that shall result from the 
collection of information; and
    [ssquf] notice that comments may be submitted to the OMB.
    Title: Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses.
    Description: The proposed rule would require each crib mattress 
within the scope of the rule to comply with ASTM F2933-19, Standard 
Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses, including the 
proposed additional requirements summarized in section VII of this 
preamble. Section 7 of ASTM F2933-19, and a proposed new section 8 in 
the NPR, contain requirements for marking, labeling, and instructional 
literature. These requirements fall within the definition of 
``collection of information,'' as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3).
    Description of Respondents: Persons who manufacture or import crib 
mattresses.
    Estimated Burden: We estimate the burden of this collection of 
information as follows:

                                                       Table 8--Estimated Annual Reporting Burden
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        Number of       Frequency of     Total annual      Hours per       Total burden
                           16 CFR section                              respondents       responses        responses         response          hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1241.2(a), (b).....................................................              26               12              312                1              312
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Our estimate is based on the following:
    The Commission proposes in the NPR modifications to section 7 of 
ASTM 2933-19, and a new section 8 on instructional literature, to bring 
the standard into alignment with other safety standards for durable 
infant or toddler products. For example, in addition to improved 
warning format and content, proposed modifications to section 7.1.1 of 
ASTM F2933-19 would require that the name and the place of business 
(city, state, and mailing address, including zip code) or telephone 
number of the manufacturer, distributor, or seller be marked clearly 
and legibly on each product and its retail package. Proposed 
modifications to section 7.1.2 of ASTM F2933-19 would also require a 
code mark or other means that identifies the date (month and year, as a 
minimum) of manufacture. Proposed modifications to section 7.2 of ASTM 
F2933-19 would require marking and labeling on the product to be 
permanent.
    Twenty-six known entities supply crib mattresses to the U.S. market 
and these entities may need to make some modifications to existing 
product labels. We estimate that the time required to make these 
modifications is about 1 hour per model. Based on an evaluation of 
supplier product lines, each entity supplies an average of 12 models of 
crib mattresses; \71\ therefore, the estimated burden associated with 
labels is 1 hour per model x 26 entities x 12 models per entity = 312 
hours. We estimate the hourly compensation for the time required to 
create and update labels is $32.74 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
``Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,'' March 2020, total 
compensation for all sales and office workers in goods-producing 
private industries: http://www.bls.gov/ncs/). Therefore, the estimated 
annual cost to industry associated with the labeling requirements is 
$10,214.88 ($32.74 per hour x 312 hours = $10,214.88). No operating, 
maintenance, or capital costs are associated with the collection.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \71\ This number was derived during the market research phase of 
the initial regulatory flexibility analysis by dividing the total 
number of crib mattresses supplied by all crib mattress suppliers by 
the total number of crib mattress suppliers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The NPR also proposes a new section 8 that would require 
instructions to be supplied with the crib mattress. The instructions 
would be required to: (a) Be easy to read and understand; (b) include 
information regarding assembly, maintenance, cleaning, and use, where 
applicable; and (c) address the same warning and safety-related 
statements that must appear on the product, with similar formatting 
requirements, but without the need to be in color. Under the OMB's 
regulations (5 CFR 1320.3(b)(2)), the time, effort, and financial 
resources necessary to comply with a collection of information that 
would be incurred by persons in the ``normal course of their 
activities'' are excluded from a burden estimate, where an agency 
demonstrates that the disclosure activities required to comply are 
``usual and customary.'' Based on staff's review of product information 
online, approximately 80 percent of firms that supply cribs to the crib 
mattress market already provide instructional literature to consumers 
for

[[Page 67928]]

products intended for use by children. All of the firms which supply 
crib mattresses already provide customer support for use of their 
children's products. Therefore, we tentatively estimate that no burden 
hours are associated with the proposed section 8 of ASTM F2933-19, 
because any burden associated with supplying instructions with crib 
mattresses would be ``usual and customary'' and not within the 
definition of ``burden'' under the OMB's regulations.
    Based on this analysis, the proposed standard for crib mattresses 
would impose a burden to industry of 312 hours at a cost of $10,214.88 
annually.
    In compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 
3507(d)), we have submitted the information collection requirements of 
this rule to the OMB for review. Interested persons are requested to 
submit comments regarding information collection by November 25, 2020, 
to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, OMB (see the 
ADDRESSES section at the beginning of this document).
    Pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A), we invite comments on:
    [ssquf] Whether the collection of information is necessary for the 
proper performance of the CPSC's functions, including whether the 
information will have practical utility;
    [ssquf] the accuracy of the CPSC's estimate of the burden of the 
proposed collection of information, including the validity of the 
methodology and assumptions used;
    [ssquf] ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the 
information to be collected;
    [ssquf] ways to reduce the burden of the collection of information 
on respondents, including the use of automated collection techniques, 
when appropriate, and other forms of information technology; and
    [ssquf] the estimated burden hours associated with label 
modification, including any alternative estimates.

XV. Preemption

    Section 26(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2075(a), states that when a 
consumer product safety standard is in effect and applies to a product, 
no state or political subdivision of a state may either establish or 
continue in effect a standard or regulation that prescribes 
requirements for the performance, composition, contents, design, 
finish, construction, packaging, or labeling of such product dealing 
with the same risk of injury unless the state requirement is identical 
to the federal standard. Section 26(c) of the CPSA also provides that 
states or political subdivisions of states may apply to the Commission 
for an exemption from this preemption under certain circumstances. 
Section 104(b) of the CPSIA refers to the rules to be issued under that 
section as ``consumer product safety rules.'' Therefore, the preemption 
provision of section 26(a) of the CPSA would apply to a rule issued 
under section 104.

XVI. Request for Comments

    This Commission proposes a rule under section 104(b) of the CPSIA 
to issue a consumer product safety standard for crib mattresses, to 
amend part 1112 to add crib mattresses to the list of children's 
product safety rules for which the CPSC has issued an NOR, and to amend 
part 1130 to identify crib mattresses as a durable infant or toddler 
product subject to CPSC consumer registration requirements. The 
Commission requests comments on the proposal to incorporate by 
reference ASTM F2933-19, with modifications to address mattress 
firmness, mattress compression, lacerations from coils and springs, 
dimensional requirements for non-full-size cribs, and improve warnings 
and instructions. The Commission also requests comments on the proposed 
effective date; the costs of compliance with, and testing to, the 
proposed Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses; and any aspect of this 
proposal. During the comment period, the ASTM F2933-19 Standard 
Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses, is available as a 
read-only document at: http://www.astm.org/cpsc.htm.
    Comments should be submitted in accordance with the instructions in 
the ADDRESSES section at the beginning of this document.

List of Subjects

16 CFR Part 1112

    Administrative practice and procedure, Audit, Consumer protection, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Third party conformity 
assessment body.

16 CFR Part 1130

    Administrative practice and procedure, Business and industry, 
Consumer protection, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

16 CFR Part 1241

    Consumer protection, Imports, Incorporation by reference, Infants 
and children, Labeling, Law enforcement, and Mattresses.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Commission proposes 
to amend Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 1112--REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO THIRD PARTY CONFORMITY 
ASSESSMENT BODIES

0
1. The authority citation for part 1112 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  15 U.S.C. 2063; Pub. L. 110-314, section 3, 122 
Stat. 3016, 3017 (2008).

0
2. Amend Sec.  1112.15 by adding paragraph (b)(51) to read as follows:


Sec.  1112.15  When can a third party conformity assessment body apply 
for CPSC acceptance for a particular CPSC rule and/or test method?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (51) 16 CFR part 1241, Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses.
* * * * *
0
3. The authority citation for part 1130 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  15 U.S.C. 2056a, 2056(b).

0
4. Amend Sec.  1130.2 by adding paragraph (a)(19) to read as follows:

PART 1130--REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSUMER REGISTRATION OF DURABLE INFANT 
OR TODDLER PRODUCTS


Sec.  1130.2   Definitions.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (19) Crib mattresses.
* * * * *
0
5. Add part 1241 to read as follows:

PART 1241--SAFETY STANDARD FOR CRIB MATTRESSES

Sec.
1241.1 Scope.
1241.2 Requirements for crib mattresses.

    Authority:  Sec. 104, Pub. L. 110-314, 122 Stat. 3016 (15 U.S.C. 
2056a); Sec. 3, Pub. L. 112-28, 125 Stat. 273.


Sec.  1241.1   Scope.

    This part establishes a consumer product safety standard for crib 
mattresses. The scope of this standard for crib mattresses includes all 
crib mattresses within the scope of ASTM F2933, Standard Consumer 
Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses, including: Full-size crib 
mattresses, non-full-size crib mattresses, and after-market mattresses 
for play yards and non-full-size cribs.


Sec.  1241.2   Requirements for crib mattresses.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each crib 
mattress must comply with all applicable provisions of ASTM F2933-19, 
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses (approved on 
June 15, 2019). The Director of the Federal

[[Page 67929]]

Register approves this incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You may obtain a copy from ASTM 
International, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, P.O. Box 0700, West Conshohocken, 
PA 19428; http://www.astm.org/cpsc.htm. Once incorporated by reference, 
you may review a read-only copy of ASTM F2933-19 at http://www.astm.org/READINGROOM/. You may also inspect a copy at the Division 
of the Secretariat, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Room 820, 
4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone 301-504-7923, or 
at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For 
information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-
6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federalregulations/ibr_locations.html.
    (b) Comply with ASTM F2933-19 with the following additions or 
exclusions:
    (1) Instead of complying with section 3.1.2 of ASTM F2933-19, 
comply with the following:
    (i) 3.1.2 Conspicuous, adj--visible while the mattress is being 
placed in its intended use position.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (2) Add the following paragraph to section 3.1 of ASTM F2933-19:
    (i) 3.1.11 Sleep surface--The product component, or group of 
components, providing the horizontal plane, or nearly horizontal plane 
(<=10[deg]), intended to support an infant during sleep.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Instead of complying with section 5.7.1.1 of ASTM F2933-19, 
comply with the following:
    (i) 5.7.1.1 Mattress Size--The dimensions of a full-size crib 
mattress shall measure at least 27\1/4\ in. (690 mm) wide and 51\5/8\ 
in. (1310 mm) long. When the mattress is placed against the perimeter 
and in the corner of the crib, the corner gap shall not exceed 1.75 in. 
(44.5 mm). Dimensions shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (4) Instead of complying with section 5.7.2.1 and 5.7.2.2 of ASTM 
F2933-19, comply with the following:
    (i) 5.7.2.1 Mattress supplied with a non-full-size crib: Shall meet 
the specifications of Mattresses for Rigid sided products of Consumer 
Safety Specification ASTM F406 when tested with the non-full-size crib 
product with which it is supplied.
    (ii) 5.7.2.2 After-market mattresses for non-full-size cribs: Shall 
be treated as though the mattresses were ``the mattress supplied with a 
non-full-size crib'' and shall meet the specifications of Mattresses 
for Rigid sided products in Consumer Safety Specification ASTM F406, 
when tested to the equivalent interior dimension of the product for 
which it is intended to be used.
    (5) In section 5.9 of ASTM F2933-19, remove the term ``and Non-Full 
Size Crib.''
    (6) In section 5.9.1 of ASTM F2933-19, replace the term ``For Mesh/
Fabric Sided Products and Rigid Sided Non-Rectangular Products'' with 
``For Mesh/Fabric Sided Play Yard Products.''
    (7) In section 5.9.1.2 of ASTM F2933-19, remove the term 
``Mattresses for Rigid sided products;''.
    (8) In section 5.9.1.3 of ASTM F2933-19, replace the term 
``replacement'' with ``after-market.''
    (9) Add the following paragraphs to section 5 of ASTM F2933-19:
    (i) 5.10 Mattress Firmness.
    (ii) 5.10.1 All crib mattresses within the scope of this standard, 
when tested in accordance with 6.3, the feeler arm shall not contact 
the sleep surface of the crib mattress.
    (iii) 5.11 Coil Springs.
    (iv) 5.11.1 When tested in accordance with 6.4, there shall be no 
exposed coil springs or metal wires. The requirements in this section 
only pertain to crib mattresses with coil springs.
    (10) Renumber section 6.2.2 of ASTM F2933-19 to 6.2.3.
    (11) Add the following paragraph to section 6.2.2 of ASTM F2933-19:
    (i) 6.2.2 Test Equipment-Mattress Sheet:
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (12) Renumber section 6.2.2.1 of ASTM F2933-19 to 6.2.3.1.
    (13) Add the following paragraph to section 6.2.2.1 of ASTM F2933-
19:
    (i) 6.2.2.1 The mattress sheet shall be 100% cotton and fitted for 
the mattress to be tested.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (14) Renumber section 6.2.2.2 of ASTM F2933-19 to 6.2.3.2.
    (15) Add the following paragraph to section 6.2.2.2 of ASTM F2933-
19:
    (i) 6.2.2.2 The mattress sheet shall be washed in hot water (50 
[deg]C [122 [deg]F] or higher) and dried a minimum of two times on the 
highest setting using household textile laundering units. This shall be 
the test mattress sheet.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (16) Renumber section 6.2.2.3 of ASTM F2933-19 to 6.2.3.3.
    (17) Renumber section 6.2.2.4 of ASTM F2933-19 to 6.2.3.4.
    (18) Add the following paragraphs to section 6.2.3 of ASTM F2933-
19:
    (i) 6.2.3.5 Measure the shortest gap between the mattress and the 
mattress measuring box at the corner adjoining Walls C and D after the 
dimensions of the mattress have been recorded. The mattress shall not 
be moved before or during measurement. This shall be the corner gap 
measurement.
    (ii) 6.2.3.6 Rotate the mattress 180[deg] such that the opposing 
corner is adjacent to Walls C and D, then repeat 6.2.3.2 and 6.2.3.5.
    (iii) 6.2.3.7 The test mattress sheet shall be placed on the 
mattress such that each sheet edge is wrapped fully around and under 
the mattress.
    (iv) 6.2.3.8 The mattress with test mattress sheet shall be 
measured following steps 6.2.3.1 through 6.2.3.6. The mattress 
dimensions shall meet the requirements in 5.7.
    (19) Add the following paragraphs as section 6.3 of ASTM F2933-19.
    (i) 6.3 Mattress Firmness.
    (ii) 6.3.1 Test Fixture:
    (iii) 6.3.1.1 The fixture, as shown in Fig. 2, shall be a rigid, 
robust object with a round footprint of diameter 203 1 mm, 
and an overall mass of 5200 20 g. The lower edge of the 
fixture shall have a radius not larger than 1 mm. Overhanging the 
footprint by 40 2 mm shall be a flexible, flat bar of width 
12 0.2 mm with square-cut ends. This bar may be fashioned 
from a shortened hacksaw blade. The bar shall rest parallel to the 
bottom surface of the fixture and shall be positioned at a height of 15 
0.2 mm above the bottom surface of the fixture. The bar 
shall lay directly over a radial axis of the footprint (i.e., such that 
a longitudinal centerline of the bar would pass over the center of the 
footprint).
    (iv) 6.3.1.2 Included on the fixture, but not overhanging the 
footprint, shall be a linear level that is positioned on a plane 
parallel to the bar, and in a direction parallel to the bar.
    (v) 6.3.1.3 Other parts of the fixture, including any handle 
arrangement and any clamping arrangement for the bar, shall not 
comprise more that 30% of the total mass of the fixture, and shall be 
mounted as concentric and as low as possible.
    (vi) 6.3.2 Test Method:
    (vii) 6.3.2.1 Mattresses that are supplied with a product shall be 
tested when positioned on that product. Mattresses sold independent of 
a product, shall be tested on a flat, rigid, horizontal support. After-
market mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs shall be 
tested with each brand and model of product it is intended to replace.
    (viii) 6.3.2.2 Where a user of a mattress could possibly position 
either side face up, even if this is not an

[[Page 67930]]

intended use, then both sides of the mattress shall be tested.
    (ix) 6.3.2.3 Before testing each mattress, the following steps 
shall be followed:
    (A) Verify there is no excess moisture in the mattress, beyond 
reasonable laboratory humidity levels.
    (B) Allow sufficient time per the manufacturer's instructions to 
fully inflate, if shipped in a vacuum sealed package.
    (C) Shake and or agitate the mattress in order to fully aerate and 
distribute all internal components evenly.
    (D) Place the mattress in the manufacturer's recommended use 
position if there is one, in the supplied product, or on a flat, rigid, 
horizontal support.
    (E) Let the mattress rest for at least 5 minutes.
    (F) Mark a longitudinal centerline on the mattress sleep surface, 
and divide this line in half. This point will be the first test 
location. Then further divide the two lines on either side of the first 
test location into halves. These will be the second and third test 
locations.
    (x) 6.3.2.4.
    (A) Position the test fixture on each of the test locations, with 
the footprint of the fixture centered on the location, with the bar 
extending over the centerline and always pointing at the same end of 
the mattress sleep surface.
    (B) At each test location in turn, rotate the bar to point in the 
required direction, and gently set the fixture down on the mattress 
sleep surface, ensuring that the footprint of the fixture does not 
extend beyond the edge of the mattress. The fixture shall be placed as 
horizontal as possible, using the level to verify. If the bar makes 
contact with the top of the mattress sleep surface, even slightly, the 
mattress is considered to have failed the test.
    (C) Repeat Steps (1) and (2) and at the remaining locations 
identified in 6.3.2.1(6).
    (D) Repeat Steps (1) and (2) at a location away from the centerline 
most likely to fail (e.g., a very soft spot on the sleep surface or at 
a raised portion of the sleep surface). In the case of testing a raised 
portion of a sleep surface, position center of the fixture such that 
the bar is over the raised portion, to simulate the position of an 
infant's nose.
    (E) In the event that the fixture is not resting in a nearly 
horizontal orientation, repeat the test procedure at that location by 
beginning again from paragraph (b)(19)(x)(A). However, if the test 
produces a fail even with the device tilted back away from the bar so 
as to raise it, then a fail can be recorded.
    (20) Add the following paragraphs as section 6.4 of ASTM F2933-19:
    (i) 6.4 Coil Spring Test.
    (ii) 6.4.1 General--This test consists of dropping a specified 
weight repeatedly onto the mattress. The test assists in evaluating the 
structural integrity of a mattress with coil springs.
    (iii) 6.4.2 Test Fixture:
    (iv) 6.4.2.1 A guided free-fall impacting system machine (which 
keeps the upper surface of the impact mass parallel to the horizontal 
surface on which the crib is secured) (See Fig. 3).
    (v) 6.4.2.2 A 30-lb (13.6-kg) impact mass (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).
    (vi) 6.4.2.3 A 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge.
    (vii) 6.4.2.4 An enclosed frame measuring 29 inches by 53 inches 
(737 mm by 1346 mm) for the purpose of restricting mattress movement. 
When testing full-size mattresses, a full-size crib meeting the 
requirements of ASTM F1169-19 would suffice.
    (viii) 6.4.2.5 A \3/4\'' piece of plywood or OSB that is rigidly 
supported along the perimeter.
    (ix) 6.4.3 Test Method:
    (x) 6.4.3.1 Place the mattress on the wooden support and inside the 
enclosed frame.
    (xi) 6.4.3.2 Position geometric center of the impact mass above the 
geometric center of the test mattress.
    (xii) 6.4.3.3 Adjust the distance between the top surface of the 
mattress and bottom surface of the impact mass to 6 in. (150 mm) (using 
the 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge, per 6.4.2.3) when the impact mass is in 
its highest position. Lock the impactor mechanism at this height and do 
not adjust the height during impacting to compensate for any change in 
distance as a result of the mattress compressing or the mattress 
support deforming or moving during impacting.
    (xiii) 6.4.3.4 Allow the 30-lb (13.6-kg) impact mass to fall freely 
250 times at the rate of one impact every 4 s. Load retraction shall 
not begin until at least 2 s after the start of the drop.
    (xiv) 6.4.3.5 Repeat the step described in 6.4.3.4 at the other 
test locations shown in Fig. 6.
    (21) Add the following Figures to section 6 of ASTM F2933-19:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \72\ Reprinted with permission, from ASTM F1169-19 Standard 
Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby Cribs, copyright 
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 
19428. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained from ASTM 
International, www.astm.org.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

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    (22) Instead of complying with sections 7.1 and 7.2 of ASTM F2933-
19, comply with the following:
    (i) 7.1 Each mattress and its retail package shall be marked or 
labeled clearly and legibly to indicate the following:
    (ii) 7.1.1 The name, place of business (city, state, and mailing 
address, including zip code), and telephone number of the manufacturer, 
distributor, or seller.
    (iii) 7.1.2 A code mark or other means that identifies the date 
(month and year at a minimum) of manufacture.
    (iv) 7.2 The marking and labeling on the product shall be 
permanent.
    (23) Do not comply with sections 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.2.1, 7.2.2.2, 
and 7.2.2.3 of ASTM F2933-19.
    (24) Instead of complying with sections 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, and 
7.3.3 of ASTM F2933-19, comply with the following:
    (i) 7.3 Any upholstery labeling required by law shall not be used 
to meet the requirements of this section.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (25) Instead of complying with sections 7.4 and 7.4.1 of ASTM 
F2933-19, comply with the following:
    (i) 7.4 Warning Design for Mattresses:
    (ii) 7.4.1 The warnings shall be easy to read and understand and be 
in the English language at a minimum.
    (iii) 7.4.2 Any marking or labeling provided in addition to those 
required by this section shall not contradict or confuse the meaning of 
the required information, or be otherwise misleading to the consumer.
    (iv) 7.4.3 The warnings shall be conspicuous and permanent.
    (v) 7.4.4 The warnings shall conform to ANSI Z535.4--2011, American 
National Standard for Product Safety Signs and Labels, sections 6.1-
6.4, 7.2-7.6.3, and 8.1, with the following changes.
    (vi) 7.4.4.1 In sections 6.2.2, 7.3, 7.5, and 8.1.2, replace 
``should'' with ``shall.''
    (vii) 7.4.4.2 In section 7.6.3, replace ``should (when feasible)'' 
with ``shall.''
    (viii) 7.4.4.3 Strike the word ``safety'' when used immediately 
before a color (e.g., replace ``safety white'' with ``white'').
    (ix) Note 3--For reference, ANSI Z535.1 provides a system for 
specifying safety colors.
    (x) 7.4.5 The safety alert symbol ``[Safety Alert Symbol]'' and the 
signal word ``WARNING'' shall be at least 0.2 in. (5 mm) high. The 
remainder of the text shall be in characters whose upper case shall be 
at least 0.1 in. (2.5 mm), except where otherwise specified.
    (xi) Note 4--For improved warning readability, typefaces with large 
height-to-width ratios, which are commonly identified as ``condensed,'' 
``compressed,'' ``narrow,'' or similar should be avoided.
    (xii) 7.4.6 Message Panel Text Layout:
    (xiii) 7.4.6.1 The text shall be left aligned, ragged right for all 
but one-line text messages, which can be left aligned or centered.
    (xiv) Note 5--Left aligned means that the text is aligned along the 
left margin, and, in the case of multiple columns of text, along the 
left side of each individual column. Please see FIG. 7 for examples of 
left aligned text.
    (xv) 7.4.6.2 The text in each column needs to be arranged in list 
or outline format, with precautionary (hazard avoidance) statements 
preceded by bullet points. Multiple precautionary statements shall be 
separated by bullet points if paragraph formatting is used.
    (xvi) 7.4.7 Example warnings in the format described in this 
section are shown in FIGS. 8, 9, and 10.
    (26) Instead of complying with sections 7.5, 7.5.1, 7.5.2, 7.5.3, 
7.5.3.1, and 7.5.3.2 of ASTM F2933-19, comply with the following:
    (i) 7.5 Warning Statements--Each mattress shall have warning 
statements to address the following, at a minimum, unless otherwise 
specified. The blank in the mattress fit statement beginning with ``If 
a gap is larger than,'' needs to be filled with ``1\3/8\ in. (3.5 cm)'' 
for full-size crib mattresses and ``1 in. (2.5 cm)'' for all other 
mattresses.
    (ii) Note 6--Address means that verbiage other than what is shown 
can be used as long as the meaning is the same or information that is 
product-specific is presented.
SIDS AND SUFFOCATION HAZARDS
    ALWAYS place baby on back to sleep to reduce the risks of SIDS and 
suffocation.
    Babies have suffocated:
     On pillows, comforters, and extra padding
     in gaps between a wrong-size mattress, or extra padding, 
and side walls of product.
    NEVER add soft bedding, padding, or an extra mattress.
    USE ONLY one mattress at a time.
    DO NOT cover the faces or heads of babies with a blanket or over-
bundle them. Overheating can increase the risk of SIDS.

    ALWAYS check mattress fit every time you change the sheets, by 
pushing mattress tight to one corner. Look for any gaps between the 
mattress and the side walls. If a gap is larger than ___, the mattress 
does not fit--do not use it.
    (iii) Renumber section 7.3.1 of ASTM F2933-19 to section 7.5.1.
    (iv) In section 7.5.1, replace the reference to ``7.3'' with a 
reference to ``7.5.''
    (v) In section 7.5.1, replace the term ``Only use'' with the term 
``USE ONLY.''
    (vi) Renumber section 7.3.2 of ASTM F2933-19 to section 7.5.2.
    (vii) In section 7.5.2, replace the term ``For non-full-size crib 
mattresses'' with the term ``For non-full-size crib mattresses and 
after-market mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs.''
    (viii) In section 7.5.2, replace the reference to ``7.3'' with a 
reference to ``7.5.''
    (ix) In section 7.5.2, replace the term ``Only use'' with the term 
``USE ONLY.''
    (x) Renumber section 7.3.3 of ASTM F2933-19 to section 7.5.3.
    (xi) In section 7.5.3, replace the term ``Additional manufacturers 
warnings may be included between the warnings specified in 7.3 and 7.4 
if desired'' with ``Manufacturers are permitted to include additional 
warnings between the warnings specified in 7.5 and 7.6 if desired.''
    (27) Instead of complying with sections 7.6, 7.6.1, 7.6.1.1, 
7.6.1.2, or 7.7 of ASTM F 2933-19, comply with the following:
    (i) 7.6 The following warning statement shall be included exactly 
as stated in this paragraph (b)(27)(i) and shall be located at the 
bottom of the warnings on each mattress:
    DO NOT remove these important safety warnings.
    (ii) 7.7 Additional Marking and Warnings for After-Market 
Mattresses for Play Yards and Non-Full-Size Cribs--The mattress shall 
have:
    (iii) 7.7.1 All warnings added by the original manufacturer which 
are in addition to those required by this standard.
    (iv) 7.7.2 Assembly/attachment instructions that were provided on 
the original mattress.
    (v) 7.7.3 The specific brand(s) and model(s) number(s) of the 
product(s) in which it is intended to be used.
    (vi) 7.7.4 For Rigid Sided Rectangular Products--the following 
statement shall appear exactly as stated in this paragraph (b)(27)(vi) 
(the blanks are to be filled in as appropriate).
    This mattress measures ___ long, ___ wide, and ___ thick when 
measured from seam to seam.
    (28) Add the following paragraphs as section 7.8 of ASTM F2933-19:
    (i) 7.8 Package Warnings.
    (ii) 7.8.1 The warnings and statements are not required on the 
retail

[[Page 67934]]

package if they are on the mattress and are visible in their entirety 
through the retail package. Cartons and other materials used 
exclusively for shipping the mattress are not considered retail 
packaging.
    (iii) 7.8.2 Warning Statements--Each mattress' retail package shall 
have statements to address the following, at a minimum.
    (iv) 7.8.2.1 All warnings included in section 7.5, as applicable.
    (v) 7.8.2.2 All additional markings and warnings included in 
section 7.7, as applicable.
    (29) Add the following figures to section 7 of ASTM F2933-19:
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    (30) Renumber section 8 of ASTM F2933-19 to section 9.
    (31) Add the following paragraphs to section 8 of ASTM F2933-19:
    (i) 8. Instructional Literature.
    (ii) 8.1 Instructions shall be provided with the mattress and shall 
be easy to read and understand, and shall be in the English language, 
at a minimum. These instructions shall include information on assembly, 
maintenance, cleaning, and use, where applicable.
    (iii) 8.2 The instructions shall have statements to address the 
following, at a minimum.
    (iv) 8.2.1 All warnings included in section 7.5, as applicable.
    (v) 8.2.2 All additional markings and warnings included in section 
7.7, as applicable.
    (vi) 8.3 The warnings in the instructions shall meet the 
requirements specified in 7.4.4, 7.4.5, and 7.4.6, except that sections 
6.4 and 7.2-7.6.3 of ANSI Z535.4 need not be applied. However, the 
signal word and safety alert symbol shall contrast with the background 
of the signal word panel, and the cautions and warnings shall contrast 
with the background of the instructional literature.
    (vii) Note 7--For example, the signal word, safety alert symbol, 
and the warnings may be black letters on a white background, white 
letters on a black background, navy blue letters on an off-white 
background, or some other high-contrast combination.
    (viii) 8.4 Any instructions provided in addition to those required 
by this section shall not contradict or confuse the meaning of the 
required information, or be otherwise misleading to the consumer.
    (ix) Note 8--For additional guidance on the design of warnings for 
instructional literature, please refer to ANSI Z535.6, American 
National Standard: Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, 
Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials.

Alberta E. Mills,
Secretary, Consumer Product Safety Commission.
[FR Doc. 2020-22558 Filed 10-23-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6355-01-P