[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 168 (Friday, August 28, 2020)]
[Notices]
[Pages 53338-53343]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-18961]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

[RTID 0648-XA379]


Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; 
Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to National Wildlife Refuge Complex 
Research, Monitoring, and Maintenance Activities in Massachusetts

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Notice; issuance of Renewal incidental harassment 
authorization.

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SUMMARY: In accordance with the regulations implementing the Marine 
Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), as amended, notification is hereby given 
that NMFS has issued a Renewal incidental harassment authorization 
(IHA) to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to incidentally 
harass marine mammals incidental to conducting biological research, 
monitoring, and maintenance at the Eastern Massachusetts (MA) National 
Wildlife Refuge Complex (Complex).

[[Page 53339]]


DATES: This Renewal IHA is valid from August 14, 2020 through June 11, 
2021.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Amy Fowler, Office of Protected 
Resources, NMFS, (301) 427-8401. Electronic copies of the original 
application, Renewal request, and supporting documents (including NMFS 
Federal Register notices of the original proposed and final 
authorizations, and the previous IHA), as well as a list of the 
references cited in this document, may be obtained online at: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/permit/incidental-take-authorizations-under-marine-mammal-protection-act. In case of problems accessing these 
documents, please call the contact listed above.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) prohibits the ``take'' of 
marine mammals, with certain exceptions. Sections 101(a)(5)(A) and (D) 
of the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) direct the Secretary of Commerce 
(as delegated to NMFS) to allow, upon request, the incidental, but not 
intentional, taking of small numbers of marine mammals by U.S. citizens 
who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) 
within a specified geographical region if certain findings are made and 
either regulations are issued or, if the taking is limited to 
harassment, a notice of a proposed incidental take authorization is 
provided to the public for review.
    Authorization for incidental takings shall be granted if NMFS finds 
that the taking will have a negligible impact on the species or 
stock(s) and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the 
availability of the species or stock(s) for taking for subsistence uses 
(where relevant). Further, NMFS must prescribe the permissible methods 
of taking and other ``means of effecting the least practicable adverse 
impact'' on the affected species or stocks and their habitat, paying 
particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar 
significance, and on the availability of such species or stocks for 
taking for certain subsistence uses (referred to here as ``mitigation 
measures''). Monitoring and reporting of such takings are also 
required. The meaning of key terms such as ``take,'' ``harassment,'' 
and ``negligible impact'' can be found in section 3 of the MMPA (16 
U.S.C. 1362) and the agency's regulations at 50 CFR 216.103.
    NMFS' regulations implementing the MMPA at 50 CFR 216.107(e) 
indicate that IHAs may be renewed for additional periods of time not to 
exceed one year for each reauthorization. In the notice of proposed IHA 
for the initial authorization, NMFS described the circumstances under 
which we would consider issuing a Renewal for this activity, and 
requested public comment on a potential Renewal under those 
circumstances. Specifically, on a case-by-case basis, NMFS may issue a 
one-time one-year Renewal IHA following notice to the public providing 
an additional 15 days for public comments when (1) up to another year 
of identical or nearly identical, or nearly identical, activities as 
described in the Specified Activities section of this notice is planned 
or (2) the activities as described in the Specified Activities section 
of this notice would not be completed by the time the IHA expires and a 
Renewal would allow for completion of the activities beyond that 
described in the Dates and Duration section of this notice, provided 
all of the following conditions are met:
     A request for Renewal is received no later than 60 days 
prior to the needed Renewal IHA effective date (recognizing that the 
Renewal IHA expiration date cannot extend beyond one year from 
expiration of the initial IHA);
     The request for Renewal must include the following:
    (1) An explanation that the activities to be conducted under the 
requested Renewal IHA are identical to the activities analyzed under 
the initial IHA, are a subset of the activities, or include changes so 
minor (e.g., reduction in pile size) that the changes do not affect the 
previous analyses, mitigation and monitoring requirements, or take 
estimates (with the exception of reducing the type or amount of take); 
and
    (2) A preliminary monitoring report showing the results of the 
required monitoring to date and an explanation showing that the 
monitoring results do not indicate impacts of a scale or nature not 
previously analyzed or authorized.
    Upon review of the request for Renewal, the status of the affected 
species or stocks, and any other pertinent information, NMFS determines 
that there are no more than minor changes in the activities, the 
mitigation and monitoring measures will remain the same and 
appropriate, and the findings in the initial IHA remain valid.
    An additional public comment period of 15 days (for a total of 45 
days), with direct notice by email, phone, or postal service to 
commenters on the initial IHA, is provided to allow for any additional 
comments on the proposed Renewal. A description of the Renewal process 
may be found on our website at: www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-mammal-protection/incidental-harassment-authorization-renewals.

History of Request

    On June 12, 2019, NMFS issued an IHA to the USFWS to take marine 
mammals incidental to research, monitoring, and maintenance activities 
within the Complex (84 FR 32415; July 8, 2019), effective from June 12, 
2019 through June 11, 2020. On May 22, 2020, NMFS received an 
application for the Renewal of that initial IHA. As described in the 
application for Renewal, the activities for which incidental take is 
requested are identical to those covered in the initial authorization. 
As required, the applicant also provided a preliminary monitoring 
report (available at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-mammal-protection/incidental-take-authorizations-research-and-other-activities) which confirms that the applicant has implemented the 
required mitigation and monitoring, and which also shows that no 
impacts of a scale or nature not previously analyzed or authorized have 
occurred as a result of the activities conducted.
    NMFS has previously issued two additional IHAs to the USFWS for 
similar activities (82 FR 3738, January 12, 2017; 83 FR 19236, May 2, 
2018).

Description of the Specified Activities and Anticipated Impacts

    The Complex is comprised of eight refuges, including its three 
coastal refuges: Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Nantucket NWR, 
and Nomans Land Island (Nomans) NWR in eastern MA. The USFWS conducts 
ongoing biological tasks for refuge purposes at the Complex. The 2017 
and 2018 IHAs covered shorebird and seabird nest monitoring and 
research, roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) staging counts and 
resighting, red knot (Calidris canutus) stopover study, northeastern 
beach tiger beetle (Cicindela dorsalis) census, and coastal shoreline 
change survey at Monomoy, Nantucket, and Nomans NWRs. Under the 2019 
IHA (the initial IHA), the USFWS conducted identical seabird and 
shorebird research and monitoring activities, and also conducted New 
England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) reintroduction on Nomans 
NWR and protection of seal haulout areas at Nantucket NWR.
    As in the initial authorization, NMFS anticipates that take, by 
Level B harassment only, of gray seals (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) 
and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) could result from the 
specified activities (84 FR 32415; July 8, 2019).

[[Page 53340]]

Detailed Description of the Activity

    A detailed description of the USFWS proposed seabird and shorebird 
research and monitoring activities can be found in the Federal Register 
notice of proposed IHA for the 2018 IHA (83 FR 9483; March 6, 2018). A 
detailed description of the New England cottontail reintroduction and 
seal haulout protection activities can be found in the Federal Register 
notice of proposed IHA for the initial (2019) IHA (84 FR 18259, April 
30, 2019). The locations (as described in the Specific Geographic 
Region section of the initial IHA), timing, amount, and nature of the 
specified activities are identical to those described in the previous 
notices.
    The IHA Renewal is effective from August 14, 2020 through June 11, 
2021.

Description of Marine Mammals

    A description of the marine mammals in the area of the activities 
for which take is authorized, including information on abundance, 
status, distribution, and hearing, may be found in the Federal Register 
notice of the proposed IHA for the 2018 IHA (83 FR 9483; March 6, 
2018). Summary information is available in the Federal Register notices 
of the proposed and final initial authorization (84 FR 18259, April 30, 
2019; 84 FR 32415, July 8, 2019). NMFS has reviewed the monitoring data 
from the initial IHA, recent draft Stock Assessment Reports, 
information on relevant Unusual Mortality Events, and other scientific 
literature, and determined that neither this nor any other new 
information affects which species or stocks have the potential to be 
affected or the pertinent information in the Description of the Marine 
Mammals in the Area of Specified Activities contained in the supporting 
documents for the initial IHA.

Potential Effects on Marine Mammals and Their Habitat

    A description of the potential effects of the specified activity on 
marine mammals and their habitat for the activities for which take is 
authorized here may be found in the Federal Register notice of the 
proposed IHA for the 2018 IHA (83 FR 9483; March 6, 2018). Summary 
information is available in the Federal Register notices of the 
proposed and final initial authorization (84 FR 18259, April 30, 2019; 
84 FR 32415, July 8, 2019). NMFS has reviewed the monitoring data from 
the initial IHA, recent draft Stock Assessment Reports, information on 
relevant Unusual Mortality Events, and other scientific literature, and 
determined that neither this nor any other new information affects our 
initial analysis of impacts on marine mammals and their habitat.

Estimated Take

    A detailed description of the methods and inputs used to estimate 
authorized take is found in the Federal Register notice of the proposed 
IHA for the 2018 IHA (83 FR 9483; March 6, 2018). Summary information 
is available in the Federal Register notices of the proposed and final 
initial authorization (84 FR 18259, April 30, 2019; 84 FR 32415, July 
8, 2019). All estimated take is expected to be in the form of Level B 
harassment. The methods of estimating take for this IHA Renewal are 
identical to those used in the initial IHA (i.e., by multiplying the 
maximum number of seals estimated to be present at each location by the 
number of events at each location that may result in disturbance). 
Specifically, the frequency of activities and marine mammal occurrence 
applicable to this authorization remain unchanged from the previously 
issued IHA (see Table 1). Similarly, the stocks taken, methods of take, 
and types of take remain unchanged from the previously issued IHA, as 
do the number of takes, which are indicated below in Table 2.
    The total estimated gray seal takes are presented in Table 1.

  Table 1--Estimated Number of Gray Seal Takes (by Level B harassment) per Activity at Monomoy, Nantucket, and
                                                   Nomans NWRs
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                Activity                        Takes per event           Events per activity       Total takes
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Shorebird and Seabird Monitoring &        1000 (Monomoy), 50          34 (Monomoy), 8                     34,430
 Research.                                 (Nantucket), 10 (Nomans).   (Nantucket), 3 (Nomans).
Roseate Tern Staging Counts & Resighting  10 (Monomoy), 10            6 (Monomoy), 4 (Nantucket)             100
                                           (Nantucket).
Red Knot Stopover Study.................  250 (Monomoy), 150 (Cape    5 (Monomoy), 5 (Cape Cod).           2,000
                                           Cod).
Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle Census..  750 (Monomoy).............  3 (Monomoy)...............           2,250
Coastal Shoreline Change Survey.........  500 (Monomoy).............  1 (Monomoy)...............             500
New England Cottontail Introduction.....  10 (Nomans)...............  20 (Nomans)...............             200
Seal Haulout Protection.................  25 (Nantucket)............  10 (Nantucket)............             250
                                                                                                 ---------------
    Total takes.........................  ..........................  ..........................          39,730
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Estimated take of harbor seals was estimated using methods 
identical to the initial IHA (i.e., by estimating five percent of gray 
seal takes). Total authorized takes of gray seals and harbor seals are 
shown in Table 2.

                  Table 2--Total Authorized Take of Marine Mammals, Relative to Population Size
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                                                                                                      Percent
                                                                    Authorized                    (comparison of
                             Species                               take by Level       Stock       instances of
                                                                   B harassment      abundance     take to stock
                                                                                                    abundance)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gray seal.......................................................          39,730  \a\ 27,131 \b\             146
                                                                                       (451,131)          (8.81)
Harbor seal.....................................................           1,987          75,834            2.62
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Abundance in U.S. waters (Hayes et al., 2018).
\b\ Overall Western North Atlantic stock abundance (Hayes et al., 2018).


[[Page 53341]]

    Based on the stock abundance estimate presented in the 2017 Stock 
Assessment Report, the proposed take number of gray seals exceeds the 
number of gray seals in U.S. waters (Table 2; Hayes et al., 2018). 
However, actual take may be slightly less if animals decide to haul out 
at a different location for the day or if animals are foraging at the 
time of the survey activities. The number of individual seals taken is 
also assumed to be less than the take estimate since these species show 
high philopatry (Waring et al., 2016; Wood et al., 2011). We expect the 
take numbers to represent the number of exposures (i.e., instances of 
take), but assume that the same seals may be behaviorally harassed over 
multiple days, and the likely number of individual seals that may be 
harassed would be less. In addition, this project occurs in a small 
portion of the overall range of the Northwest Atlantic population of 
gray seals. While there is evidence of haulout site philopatry, 
resights of tagged and branded animals and satellite tracks of tagged 
animals show movement of individuals between the United States and 
Canada (Puryear et al., 2016). The percentage of time that individuals 
are resident in U.S. waters is unknown (NMFS 2017). Genetic evidence 
provides a high degree of certainty that the Western North Atlantic 
stock of gray seals is a single stock (Boskovic et al., 1996; Wood et 
al., 2011). Thus, although the U.S. stock estimate is only 27,131, the 
overall stock abundance of animals in United States and Canadian waters 
is 451,131. The gray seal take estimate for this project represents 
less than 9 percent of the overall Western North Atlantic stock 
abundance (Table 2) if every separate instance of take were assumed to 
accrue to a different individual, and because this is not the case, the 
percentage is likely significantly lower.

Description of Mitigation, Monitoring and Reporting Measures

    The mitigation, monitoring, and reporting measures included as 
requirements in this authorization are identical to those included in 
the Federal Register notice announcing the issuance of the initial IHA 
(84 FR 32414; July 8, 2020), and the discussion of the least 
practicable adverse impact included in that notice remains accurate. 
The following measures are required in this authorization:
Time and Frequency
    The USFWS must conduct all planned research and monitoring 
activities between April 1 and November 30, outside of the seasons of 
highest seal abundance and pupping at the Complex. Closure of beaches 
used by seals may occur year-round at Nantucket NWR.
Vessel Approach and Timing Techniques
    The USFWS must ensure that its vessels approach beaches with 
pinniped haulouts so as to not disturb marine mammals as is most 
practical. To the extent possible, the vessel must approach the beaches 
in a slow and controlled approach, as far away as possibly from 
haulouts to prevent or minimize flushing. Staff must also avoid or 
proceed cautiously when operating boats in the direct path of swimming 
seals that may be present in the area.
Avoidance of Acoustic Impacts From Cannon Nets
    Cannon nets have a measured source level (SL) of 128 decibels (dB) 
at one meter (m) (estimated based on a measurement of 98.4 dB at 30 m; 
L. Niles, pers. comm., December 2016); however, the sound pressure 
level (SPL) is expected to be less than the thresholds for airborne 
pinniped disturbance (e.g., 90 dB for harbor seals, and 100 dB for all 
other pinnipeds) at 80 yards (73 meters) from the source. The USFWS 
must stay at least 100 m from all pinnipeds if cannon nets are to be 
used for research purposes.
Avoidance of Visual and Acoustic Contact With People
    The USFWS must instruct its members and research staff to avoid 
making unnecessary noise and not allow themselves to be seen by 
pinnipeds whenever practicable. USFWS staff must stay at least 50 yards 
(46 meters) from hauled out pinnipeds, unless it is absolutely 
necessary to approach seals closer, or potentially flush a seal, in 
order to continue conducting endangered species conservation work. When 
disturbance is unavoidable, staff must work quickly and efficiently to 
minimize the length of disturbance. Researchers and staff must proceed 
in a slow and controlled manner, which allows for the seals to slowly 
flush into the water. Staff must also maintain a quiet working 
atmosphere, avoiding loud noises, and using hushed voices in the 
presence of hauled out pinnipeds. Pathways of approach to the desired 
study or nesting site must be chosen to minimize seal disturbance if an 
activity event may result in the disturbance of seals. USFWS staff must 
scan the surrounding waters near the haulouts, and if predators (i.e., 
sharks) are seen, seals must not be flushed by USFWS staff.
Marine Mammal Monitoring
    The USFWS must monitor seals as project activities are conducted. 
Monitoring requirements include documenting species counts, numbers of 
observed disturbances, and descriptions of the disturbance behaviors 
during the research activities, including location, date, and time of 
the event. In addition, the USFWS must record observations regarding 
the number and species of any marine mammals either observed in the 
water or hauled out. Behavior of seals must be recorded on a three 
point scale: 1 = alert reaction, not considered harassment; 2 = moving 
at least two body lengths, or change in direction greater than 90 
degrees; 3 = flushing (Table 3). USFWS staff must also record and 
report all observations of sick, injured, or entangled marine mammals 
on Monomoy NWR to the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) 
marine mammal rescue team, and must report to NOAA if injured seals are 
found at Nantucket NWR and Nomans NWR. Tagged or marked marine mammals 
must also be recorded and reported to the appropriate research 
organization or Federal agency, as well as any rare or unusual species 
of marine mammal. Photographs must be taken when possible. This 
information must be incorporated into a report for NMFS at the end of 
the season. The USFWS must also coordinate with any university, state, 
or Federal researchers to attain additional data or observations that 
may be useful for monitoring marine mammal usage at the activity sites.

           Table 3--Levels of Pinniped Behavioral Disturbance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Level             Type of response            Definition
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.....................  Alert................  Seal head orientation or
                                                brief movement in
                                                response to disturbance,
                                                which may include
                                                turning head towards the
                                                disturbance, craning
                                                head and neck while
                                                holding the body rigid
                                                in a u-shaped position,
                                                changing from a lying to
                                                a sitting position, or
                                                brief movement of less
                                                than twice the animal's
                                                body length.

[[Page 53342]]

 
2 *...................  Movement.............  Movements in response to
                                                the source of
                                                disturbance, ranging
                                                from short withdrawals
                                                at least twice the
                                                animal's body length to
                                                longer retreats over the
                                                beach, or if already
                                                moving a change of
                                                direction of greater
                                                than 90 degrees.
3 *...................  Flush................  All retreats (flushes) to
                                                the water.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Only observations of disturbance Levels 2 and 3 are recorded as takes.

    If at any time injury, serious injury, or mortality of the species 
for which take is authorized should occur, or if take of any kind of 
other marine mammal occurs, and such action may be a result of the 
USFWS's activities, the USFWS must suspend activities and contact NMFS 
immediately to determine how best to proceed to ensure that another 
injury or death does not occur and to ensure that the applicant remains 
in compliance with the MMPA.
Reporting
    The USFWS must submit a draft report to NMFS Office of Protected 
Resources no later than 90 days after the expiration of this 
authorization. The report must include a summary of the information 
gathered pursuant to the monitoring requirements set forth in the IHA 
as well as the raw sightings data. The USFWS must submit a final report 
to NMFS within 30 days after receiving comments from NMFS on the draft 
report. If the USFWS receives no comments from NMFS on the draft 
report, NMFS will consider the draft report to be the final report.

Public Comments

    A notice of NMFS' proposal to issue a Renewal IHA to the USFWS was 
published in the Federal Register on July 15, 2020 (85 FR 42832). That 
notice either described, or referenced descriptions of, the USFWS's 
activity, the marine mammal species that may be affected by the 
activity, the anticipated effects on marine mammals and their habitat, 
proposed amount and manner of take, and proposed mitigation, monitoring 
and reporting measures. NMFS received a comment letter from the Marine 
Mammal Commission (Commission). The comments and our responses are 
summarized below.
    Comment 1: The Commission noted that the USFWS used an outdated 
disturbance scale in their 2019 IHA monitoring report and that some of 
the information the USFWS was required to collect (sections 5(b) and 5 
(c)(i-v) in the IHA) was not required to be included in the monitoring 
report. Therefore, the Commission recommended that NMFS (1) include its 
disturbance scale in the final authorization Renewal consistent with 
conditions 5(c)(i) to (iv) in the 2019 authorization Renewal for Point 
Blue and ensure FWS is aware of the changes to the disturbance scale, 
(2) include all the information that FWS would be required to collect 
under 5(b) and 5(c)(i) to (v) as specific reporting requirements in 
section 6(b) of the final authorization Renewal, and (3) include the 
requirement for FWS to provide the raw sightings data in section 6(b) 
of the final IHA Renewal.
    Response: NMFS agrees with the Commission's recommendations to 
include the disturbance scale in the IHA and ensure the USFWS uses the 
correct scale in their monitoring efforts. NMFS also agrees with the 
Commission's recommendation to revise the authorization text such that 
the reporting requirements align with the monitoring requirements. The 
USFWS has previously voluntarily provided raw sightings data 
spreadsheets as appendices in their monitoring report, but NMFS has 
agreed to include this requirement in section 6(b) of the IHA Renewal.
    Comment 2: The Commission recommends that NMFS refrain from issuing 
Renewals for any authorization and instead use its abbreviated Federal 
Register notice process.
    Response: In prior responses to comments about IHA Renewals (e.g., 
84 FR 52464; October 02, 2019), NMFS has explained how the Renewal 
process, as implemented, is consistent with the statutory requirements 
contained in section 101(a)(5)(D) of the MMPA and, therefore, we plan 
to continue to issue qualifying Renewals when the requirements outlined 
on our website are met. Thus, NMFS agrees with the Commission's 
recommendation that we should not issue a Renewal for any authorization 
unless it is consistent with the procedural requirements specified in 
section 101(a)(5)(D)(iii) of the MMPA.
    Additionally, regarding the recommendation to use abbreviated 
notices, we agree that they are a useful tool by which to increase 
efficiency in conjunction with the use of Renewals, but we disagree 
that their use alone would equally fulfill NMFS' goal to maximize 
efficiency and provide regulatory certainty for applicants, with no 
reduction in protections for marine mammals. The Renewal process, with 
its narrowly described qualifying actions, specific issuance criteria, 
and additional 15-day comment period, allows for NMFS to broadly commit 
to a 60-day processing time. This commitment, which would not be 
possible in the absence of this narrow definition and the 15-day 
additional comment period, provides both a meaningfully shortened 
processing time and regulatory certainty for planning purposes. 
Increasing the comment period for Renewals to 30 days would increase 
processing time by 25% and is unnecessary, given the legal sufficiency 
of the process as it stands, as described above, and no additional 
protections for marine mammals that would result. NMFS uses abbreviated 
notices when proposed actions do not qualify for Renewals, but still 
allow for reliance upon previous documentation and analyses. These 
abbreviated notice projects, which deviate from the narrow 
qualifications of a Renewal, require some additional time for the 
analyst to appropriately review the small changes from the initial IHA 
and further necessitate the 30-day public review required for a new 
IHA. NMFS has evaluated the use of both the Renewal and abbreviated 
notice processes, as well as the associated workload for each, and 
determined that using both of these processes provides maximum 
efficiency for the agency and applicants, regulatory certainty, and 
appropriate protections for marine mammals consistent with the 
statutory standards. Using the abbreviated notice process, however, is 
unnecessary and unwarranted for projects that meet the narrow 
qualifications for a Renewal IHA.
    As previously noted, we have found that the Renewal process is 
consistent with the statutory requirements of the MMPA and, further, 
promotes NMFS' goals of improving conservation of marine mammals and 
increasing efficiency in the MMPA compliance process. Therefore, we 
intend to continue implementing the Renewal process.

[[Page 53343]]

National Environmental Policy Act

    To comply with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA; 
42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and NOAA Administrative Order (NAO) 216-6A, 
NMFS must review our proposed action (i.e., the issuance of an IHA 
Renewal) with respect to potential impacts on the human environment.
    This action is consistent with categories of activities identified 
in CE B4 of the Companion Manual for NOAA Administrative Order 216-6A, 
which do not individually or cumulatively have the potential for 
significant impacts on the quality of the human environment and for 
which we have not identified any extraordinary circumstances that would 
preclude this categorical exclusion. Accordingly, NMFS has determined 
that the issuance of the proposed IHA Renewal qualifies to be 
categorically excluded from further NEPA review.

Determinations

    The seabird and shorebird research and monitoring activities 
planned by the USFWS are identical to those analyzed in the initial 
IHA, as are the expected number of days of activity, the method of 
taking, and the effects of the action. The potential effects of the 
USFWS's activities are limited to Level B harassment in the form of 
behavioral disturbance. In analyzing the effects of the activities in 
the initial IHA, NMFS determined that the USFWS's activities would have 
a negligible impact on the affected species or stocks and that the 
authorized take numbers of each species or stock were small relative to 
the relevant stocks (e.g., less than 9 percent of all stocks). The 
numbers of marine mammals authorized to be taken are identical to those 
authorized in the initial IHA. The mitigation measures and monitoring 
requirements as described above also are identical to the initial IHA, 
and NMFS has clarified the reporting requirements to align with the 
monitoring data the USFWS is required to collect.
    NMFS has concluded that there is no new information suggesting that 
our analysis or findings should change from those reached for the 
initial IHA. Based on the information and analysis contained here and 
in the referenced documents, NMFS has determined the following: (1) The 
required mitigation measures will effect the least practicable impact 
on marine mammal species or stocks and their habitat; (2) the 
authorized takes will have a negligible impact on the affected marine 
mammal species or stocks; (3) the authorized takes represent small 
numbers of marine mammals relative to the affected stock abundances; 
(4) USFWS's activities will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on 
taking for subsistence purposes as no relevant subsistence uses of 
marine mammals are implicated by this action; and (5) appropriate 
monitoring and reporting requirements are included.

Endangered Species Act

    No incidental take of ESA-listed species is proposed for 
authorization or expected to result from this activity. Therefore, NMFS 
has determined that formal consultation under section 7 of the ESA is 
not required for this action.

Renewal

    NMFS has issued a Renewal IHA to the USFWS for the take of marine 
mammals incidental to conducting research and monitoring activities at 
the Complex from August 14, 202 through June 11, 2021.

    Dated: August 17, 2020.
Donna S. Wieting,
Director, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries 
Service.
[FR Doc. 2020-18961 Filed 8-27-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-P