[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 151 (Wednesday, August 5, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 47536-47592]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-14581]



[[Page 47535]]

Vol. 85

Wednesday,

No. 151

August 5, 2020

Part IV





 Department of Agriculture





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 Agricultural Marketing Service





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7 CFR Part 205





National Organic Program; Strengthening Organic Enforcement; Proposed 
Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 151 / Wednesday, August 5, 2020 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 47536]]


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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 205

[Document Number AMS-NOP-17-0065; NOP-17-02]
RIN 0581-AD09


National Organic Program; Strengthening Organic Enforcement

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) proposes amending the USDA organic 
regulations to strengthen oversight and enforcement of the production, 
handling, and sale of organic agricultural products. The proposed 
amendments are intended to protect integrity in the organic supply 
chain and build consumer and industry trust in the USDA organic label 
by strengthening organic control systems, improving farm to market 
traceability, and providing robust enforcement of the USDA organic 
regulations. Topics addressed in this proposed rule include: 
Applicability of the regulations and exemptions from organic 
certification; National Organic Program Import Certificates; 
recordkeeping and product traceability; certifying agent personnel 
qualifications and training; standardized certificates of organic 
operation; unannounced on-site inspections of certified operations; 
oversight of certification activities; foreign conformity assessment 
systems; certification of grower group operations; labeling of 
nonretail containers; annual update requirements for certified 
operations; compliance and appeals processes; and calculating organic 
content of multi-ingredient products.

DATES: Send comments on or before October 5, 2020.

ADDRESSES: You may send comments on this proposed rule to the Federal 
eRulemaking Portal at https://www.regulations.gov/. You can access this 
proposed rule and instructions for submitting public comments by 
searching for document number, AMS-NOP-17-0065. Comments may also be 
sent to Jennifer Tucker, Deputy Administrator, National Organic 
Program, USDA-AMS-NOP, 1400 Independence Ave. SW, Room 2642-So., Ag 
Stop 0268, Washington, DC 20250-0268; (202) 260-9151 (Fax).
    Instructions: All comments received must include the docket number 
AMS-NOP-17-0065; NOP-17-02, and/or Regulatory Information Number (RIN) 
0581-AD09 for this rulemaking. You should clearly indicate the topic 
and section number of this proposed rule to which your comment refers, 
state your position(s), offer any recommended language change(s), and 
include relevant information and data to support your position(s) 
(e.g., scientific, environmental, manufacturing, industry, or industry 
impact information, etc.). All comments and relevant background 
documents posted to https://www.regulations.gov will include any 
personal information provided.
    In addition to the questions following each topic in the Overview 
of Proposed Amendments section of this proposed rule, AMS is requesting 
comments on the following general topics:
    1. The clarity of the proposed requirements. Can certified 
operations, handlers, and certifying agents readily determine how to 
comply with the proposed regulations?
    2. The implementation timeframe. AMS is proposing that all 
requirements in this proposed rule be implemented within ten months of 
the effective date of the final rule (this is also one year after 
publication of the final rule).
    3. The accuracy of the estimates in the Regulatory Impact Analysis 
and Regulatory Flexibility Analysis, which describe the expected costs 
of this proposed rule on all affected entities and on small businesses, 
respectively.
    4. Are there alternatives to regulations, or less stringent 
requirements, that could achieve the same objectives as this proposed 
rule?
    5. How will certifying agents cover the costs of additional actions 
required under this rule, such as the required unannounced inspections 
and the issuing of NOP Import Certificates? Will certifying agents 
charge fees that are consistent for expanded handlers, brokers, 
importers and exporters?

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jennifer Tucker, Ph.D., Deputy 
Administrator, National Organic Program. Telephone: 202-720-3252. 
Email: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Executive Summary

A. Purpose of the Proposed Rule

    This proposed rule would amend several sections of the USDA organic 
regulations, 7 CFR part 205, to strengthen oversight of the production, 
handling, certification, marketing, and sale of organic agricultural 
products as established by the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 
(OFPA, or ``the Act'').\1\ If implemented, this proposed rule will 
improve organic integrity across the organic supply chain, and benefit 
stakeholders throughout the organic industry. The proposed amendments 
will close gaps in the current regulations to build consistent 
certification practices to deter and detect organic fraud, and improve 
transparency and product traceability. In addition, the proposed 
amendments will assure consumers that organic products meet a robust, 
consistent standard and reinforce the value of the organic label.
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    \1\ The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990, 7 U.S.C. 6501-
6524, is the statute from which the Agricultural Marketing Service 
derives authority to administer the NOP, and authority to amend the 
regulations as described in this proposed rule. This document is 
available at: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title7/chapter94&edition=prelim.
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    The need for more consistent oversight to protect organic integrity 
is a product of the rapidly expanding organic market, increasingly 
complex organic supply chains, and price premiums for organic products. 
Total sales of organic agricultural products in the United States grew 
from $3.4 billion in 1997 to $55.1 billion in 2019.\2\ This substantial 
market growth has allowed many additional types of business to 
participate in the organic supply chain, and organic agricultural 
products are now traded on a global scale. Today's global organic 
marketplace is marked by a multifaceted supply chain with organic 
products increasingly sold and handled by entities not regulated by the 
USDA. The absence of direct enforcement authority over some entities in 
the organic supply chain, in combination with price premiums for 
organic products, presents the opportunity and incentive for organic 
fraud, which has been discovered in the organic sector by both the 
National Organic Program (NOP) and organic stakeholders. The amendments 
in this proposed rule are designed to mitigate the occurrence of 
organic fraud.
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    \2\ Organic Trade Association, Organic Industry Survey, 2018-
2020.
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    In response to their experiences in the organic system, 
stakeholders have repeatedly called for the NOP to take steps to 
improve oversight of organic systems and enforcement of the USDA 
organic regulations. Commonly cited areas for improvement include 
certification of excluded handlers, organic import oversight, fraud 
prevention, organic trade arrangements, and organic inspector 
qualifications. In addition, public discussions on many proposals 
included in this action occurred during multiple National

[[Page 47537]]

Organic Standards Board (NOSB) meetings.\3\
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    \3\ The April 2019 NOSB meeting is the most recent example of a 
public discussion to address fraud concerns in the organic supply 
chain. A discussion document, meeting transcripts, and public 
comments are available at: https://www.ams.usda.gov/event/national-organic-standards-board-nosb-meeting-seattle-wa.
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    The NOP identified the need for many of the proposed amendments as 
part of its direct experience in administering this program, 
particularly during complaint investigations and audits of certifying 
agents. Other proposed amendments are based on recent amendments to the 
OFPA included in the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018; \4\ the 
recommendations of a 2017 Office of Inspector General audit; the 
recommendations of a federal advisory committee, the NOSB; and industry 
stakeholder feedback. The amendments in this proposed rule are intended 
to: (1) Strengthen organic control systems; (2) improve organic import 
oversight; (3) clarify organic certification standards; and (4) enhance 
supply chain traceability.
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    \4\ The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Pub. L. 115-334), 
commonly known as the ``2018 farm bill,'' is available at https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf. Organic 
certification is discussed in Title X, Section 10104.
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B. Summary of Provisions

    This proposed rule will strengthen enforcement of the USDA organic 
regulations through several actions mandated by the Agriculture 
Improvement Act of 2018:
    1. Reduce the types of uncertified entities in the organic supply 
chain that operate without USDA oversight--including importers, 
brokers, and traders of organic products. This will safeguard organic 
product integrity and improve traceability.
    2. Require the use of NOP Import Certificates, or equivalent data, 
for all organic products entering the United States. This proposed 
change will expand the use of NOP Import Certificates to all organic 
products imported into the United States, improving the oversight and 
traceability of imported organic products.
    3. Clarify the NOP's authority to oversee certification activities, 
including the authority to act against an agent or office of a 
certifying agent. Additionally, certifying agents must notify the NOP 
upon opening a new office, which will allow the NOP to provide more 
effective and consistent oversight of certifying agents and their 
activities.
    Additionally, this proposed rule includes several discretionary 
actions that work in alignment with the provisions above to further 
strengthen enforcement of the USDA organic regulations:
    4. Clarify the labeling of nonretail containers used to ship or 
store organic products. Requiring additional information on nonretail 
containers will clearly identify organic products, reduce the 
mishandling of organic products, and support traceability. This is 
needed to maximize the linkage between operation certificates and 
import certificates and the organic product.
    5. Specify the minimum number of unannounced inspections of 
certified operations that must be conducted annually by accredited 
certifying agents, and require that supply chain audits be completed 
during on-site inspections.
    6. Require certifying agents to issue standardized certificates of 
organic operation generated from the USDA's Organic Integrity Database 
(INTEGRITY) and to keep accurate and current certified operation data 
in INTEGRITY. Standardization will simplify the verification of valid 
organic certificates and import certificates. It will also reduce 
reporting, by eliminating the need to provide notices of approval or 
denial of certification and annual lists of certified operations to 
USDA.
    7. Clarify that certified operations only need to submit changes to 
their organic system plan during annual updates, and clarify that 
certifying agents must conduct annual inspections of certified 
operations. This will reduce paperwork burden for organic operations 
and ensure that all organic operations are inspected at least once a 
year.
    8. Establish specific qualification and training requirements for 
certifying agent personnel, including inspectors and certification 
reviewers. Requiring that personnel meet minimum education and 
experience qualifications and requiring continuing education will 
ensure quality and consistency of certification activities performed by 
certifying agents.
    9. Clarify conditions for establishing, evaluating, and terminating 
equivalence determinations with foreign government organic programs, 
based on an evaluation of their organic foreign conformity systems. 
This will ensure the compliance of organic products imported from 
countries that have organic equivalence determinations with the United 
States.
    10. Clarify requirements to strengthen and streamline enforcement 
processes, specifically noting that the NOP may initiate enforcement 
action against any violator of the OFPA, including responsible parties; 
defining the term adverse action to clarify what actions may be 
appealed and by whom; and clarifying NOP's appeal procedures and 
options for alternative dispute resolution.
    11. Specify certification requirements for grower group operations, 
to provide consistent, enforceable standards and ensure compliance with 
the USDA organic regulations. Grower group certification would be 
restricted to crop production and handling only, and would require the 
use of an internal control system to monitor compliance.
    12. Clarify the method of calculating the percentage of organic 
ingredients in a multi-ingredient product to promote consistent 
interpretation and application of the regulation.
    13. Require certified operations and certifying agents to develop 
improved recordkeeping, organic fraud prevention, and trace-back audit 
processes. Information sharing between certifying agents and documented 
organic fraud prevention procedures are also required.

C. Costs and Benefits

    AMS estimates the following costs and benefits of this proposed 
rule:

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                                                                Economic impact of SOE proposed rule
                                                   -------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Annualized \a\                   Total \b\
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Costs.............................................         $7,205,815-$7,351,910        $65,629,941-$87,766,628
Benefits..........................................       $83,992,975-$86,874,833    $765,000,793-$1,037,106,112
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\a\ Estimated 15-year annualized domestic costs for affected industry discounted at 3 and 7 percent.
\b\ Estimated total domestic costs for affected industry in Net Present Value discounted at 3 and 7 percent, 15
  year.


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Table of Contents

I. General Information
    A. Does this proposed action apply to me?
II. Background
III. Overview of Proposed Amendments
    1. Applicability and Exemptions From Certification
    2. Imports to the United States
    3. Labeling of Nonretail Containers
    4. On-Site Inspections
    5. Certificates of Organic Operation
    6. Continuation of Certification
    7. Paperwork Submissions to the Administrator
    8. Personnel Training and Qualifications
    9. Oversight of Certification Activities
    10. Accepting Foreign Conformity Assessment Systems
    11. Compliance--General
    12. Noncompliance Procedure for Certified Operations
    13. Mediation
    14. Adverse Action Appeal Process--General
    15. Adverse Action Appeal Process--Appeals
    16. Grower Group Operations
    17. Calculating the Percentage of Organically Produced 
Ingredients
    18. Supply Chain Traceability and Organic Fraud Prevention
    19. Technical Corrections
    20. Additional Amendments Considered But Not Included in This 
Proposed Rule
IV. Statutory and Regulatory Authority
A. Summary of Economic Analyses
B. Executive Order 12988
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
D. Executive Order 13175
E. Civil Rights Impact Analysis

I. General Information

A. Does this proposed action apply to me?

    You may be affected by this proposed action if you are engaged in 
the organic industry. Potentially affected entities may include, but 
are not limited to, the following:
     Individuals or business entities that are considering 
organic certification;
     Existing production and handling operations that are 
currently certified organic under the USDA organic regulations;
     Brokers, traders, and importers of organic products that 
are not currently certified under the USDA organic regulations;
     Operations that use non-retail containers for shipping or 
storing organic products;
     Retailers that sell organic products;
     Operations that receive or review organic certificates to 
verify compliance with USDA organic regulations;
     USDA-accredited certifying agents, inspectors, and 
reviewers;
     Operations that import organic products into the United 
States; and/or
     Operations that export organic products to the United 
States.
    This listing is not intended to be exhaustive but identifies key 
entities likely to be affected by this proposed action. Other types of 
entities may also be affected. To determine whether you or your 
business may be affected by this proposed action, you should carefully 
examine the proposed regulatory text.

II. Background

    The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA) (7 U.S.C. 6501-
6524), authorizes the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) to establish 
and maintain national standards governing the marketing of organically 
produced agricultural products. AMS administers these standards through 
the National Organic Program (NOP). Final regulations implementing the 
NOP, also referred to as the USDA organic regulations, were published 
on December 21, 2000 (65 FR 80548) and became effective on October 21, 
2002.\5\ Through these regulations, AMS oversees national standards for 
the production, handling, labeling, and sale of organically produced 
agricultural products.
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    \5\ 7 CFR part 205 National Organic Program; Final Rule. 
December 21, 2000. Available on the AMS website: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2000/12/21/00-32257/national-organic-program.
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    Since full implementation of the USDA organic regulations, the 
organic industry has experienced significant change. Both demand for 
and sales of organic products have risen steadily; total U.S. sales of 
organic products reached more than $55 billion in 2019.\6\ The number 
of businesses producing, handling, marketing, and selling organic 
products has also grown to meet consumer demand. Rapid growth has 
attracted many businesses to the USDA organic label and increased the 
complexity of the global organic supply chain.
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    \6\ Organic Trade Association, Organic Industry Survey, 2020.
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    AMS is confident in the integrity and value of the USDA organic 
seal. Consumers can trust the organic label due to a rigorous oversight 
system that operates globally. However, the growth and complexity of 
the modern organic industry has exposed the limitations of the current 
organic regulations, revealing gaps in oversight and enforcement that 
the original regulations do not address. A lack of clear and specific 
standards in portions of the regulations has sometimes led to different 
interpretations of the regulations, inconsistent practices, and unequal 
enforcement across the industry. Increasingly complex organic supply 
chains reduce transparency and complicate traceability, yet these 
elements are essential to trust in the organic label. In addition, 
businesses that operate in the organic supply chain without oversight 
from the NOP pose risks to organic integrity. This can lead to 
mishandling of organic product, loss of organic integrity, and fraud. 
The provisions in this proposed rule are designed to address these 
risks.

Complex Organic Supply Chains

    The need for this proposed rule is driven partially by the 
increasing complexity of organic supply chains. When the organic 
regulations were published in 2000, organic products were marketed 
mostly locally or regionally, and supply chains tended to be short and 
transparent; for example, farm to wholesale to retail to consumer. 
Demand and sales have grown considerably since then. This significant 
market growth has attracted more producers, handlers, product 
suppliers, importers, brokers, distributors, and others to the organic 
market.
    Consider the example of an organic egg supply chain in the United 
States, beginning with the production of certified organic corn and 
ending with the sale of eggs to the consumer. This demonstrates the 
typical entities and transactions in an organic supply chain under the 
existing regulations:
     A certified organic farm produces organic corn.
     The corn is transported via an uncertified truck to a 
local grain elevator, where it is aggregated with other organic corn 
from nearby producers.
     An uncertified commodity trader buys the corn.
     The corn is transported via uncertified truck to an 
uncertified storage facility; both transport and storage are 
subcontracted and are not owned by the commodity trader.
     The commodity trader sells the corn to a certified organic 
grain supplier; the two parties remain anonymous because they use an 
uncertified broker to facilitate the transaction.
     The corn is transported via uncertified rail and river 
barge to the grain supplier; it is transloaded and stored temporarily 
several times before being delivered to the certified grain supplier.
     The certified organic grain supplier stores the corn and 
combines it with imported organic corn purchased from an importer via 
an uncertified broker.
     The certified grain supplier sells the corn to a certified 
organic feed processer; the corn is transported via an uncertified 
truck.

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     The certified processer combines the corn with several 
other ingredients to create organic chicken feed.
     The certified processer sells the feed to a certified 
organic egg producer and transports it via an uncertified truck.
     The certified organic egg producer sells organic eggs to 
an uncertified distributor.
     The uncertified distributor sells the organic eggs to a 
retailer prior to final sale to the consumer.
    This is just one example of a complex organic supply chain. It 
becomes even more complex if one considers that the processer combines 
several ingredients into the final chicken feed, sourced both 
domestically and imported. Each ingredient has its own unique supply 
chain--and together they weave a complex and dense web converging on a 
single organic product.

Organic Fraud

    The risk of organic fraud has grown due to high demand for organic 
products, the absence of direct enforcement authority over some 
entities in the organic supply chain, and price premiums for organic 
products. Both the NOP and organic stakeholders have uncovered organic 
fraud in the organic supply chain. The following examples highlight the 
extent and complexity of organic fraud in organic grain and oilseed 
supply chains.
Organic Grain and Oilseed Fraud in the United States
    In recent years, the NOP has identified fraud in both domestic and 
foreign organic grain and oilseed supply chains. These supply chains 
are generally complex and involve multiple changes in product 
ownership, creating additional risk and opportunity for fraud. Demand 
for organic grain and oilseed (especially for organic livestock feed) 
currently exceeds domestic production. In 2019, a private organic 
outlook firm predicted a double-digit decline in domestic organic corn 
and soybean production. The shortage of domestic organic commodities, 
combined with a projected shrinking supply, increases the incentive for 
organic fraud. Federal investigations show that organic grain and 
oilseed fraud can lead to tens of millions of dollars in fraudulent 
sales within just a few months. Below are several examples which 
outline the different actors, market complexities, and indicators of an 
increase in fraud.
    In 2019, the U.S. Attorney's office of Northern Iowa sentenced five 
individuals to prison for their role in an organic grain fraud ring. 
The lead defendant pled guilty to defrauding customers in a scheme 
involving at least $142 million in nonorganic grains sold as organic. 
The lead defendant sold fraudulent grain to customers over a period of 
seven years, claiming the product was organically grown in Nebraska and 
Missouri.
    In February 2020, a federal grand jury indicted an individual in 
South Dakota for allegedly selling $71 million of nonorganic grains and 
oilseeds falsely labeled organic over five years. The fraud ring 
spanned multiple states. After the NOP revoked the organic business' 
organic certificates, the responsible parties established new brokerage 
firms to continue their fraud. Under the current organic regulations, 
these brokerages did not require organic certification; the NOP had no 
oversight of their activities. This proposed rule would require the 
certification and oversight of brokers like those involved in this 
case. This would allow the NOP to identify and prevent the fraud, 
minimizing damage to the U.S. market.
    In addition to the examples above, the NOP continues to investigate 
multiple cases of organic grain and oilseed fraud at the production and 
handling levels. Continuing complaints of organic grain fraud received 
by the NOP demonstrate an ongoing need for stronger enforcement 
provisions to ensure integrity in organic supply chains.
Fraud Within Complex Supply Chains
    Cases of organic fraud are often compounded by a complex supply 
chain. Uncertified entities acting within a complex supply chain can 
create significant oversight and enforcement challenges for both the 
NOP and accredited certifying agents. Recent fraud investigations have 
shown that the use of uncertified handlers can decrease the NOP's 
ability to prevent fraudulent grain sales in the organic market.
    Fraudulent actors may obtain organic handler certification solely 
to take advantage of the regulatory exclusions at 7 CFR 205.101. 
Investigations have found fraudulent actors using these exclusions to 
funnel nonorganic feedstuffs through uncertified grain elevators. 
Because organic certifying agents sometimes consider elevators to be 
transportation, they are not required to obtain organic certification. 
In addition, because some grain elevators are not certified, the NOP 
cannot compel organic certifying agents to investigate the onsite 
activities at these elevators.
    The above examples of actual fraud investigations demonstrate the 
complexity of organic supply chains, the certification status of the 
entities involved, and the transactions where fraud occurred. It is 
also useful to consider the types of entities involved:
     Certified organic farms thought to supply little or none 
of the feedstuffs later sold as organic.
     Uncertified farms supplying non-GMO feedstuffs to 
uncertified grain elevators.
     Uncertified grain elevators currently excluded from 
certification requirements.
     Certified handlers that brokered the sale of nonorganic 
feedstuffs through an uncertified elevator to certified buyers, 
falsifying paperwork to represent the products for sale as organic.
     Certified organic handlers that consolidated fraudulent 
products from previous handlers, thinking the product was organic.
     Certified feed mills that purchased the nonorganic 
feedstuffs believing the products were organic.
     Livestock and poultry operations that purchased feed 
rations from the mills and thus unknowingly fed nonorganic feed to 
their animals, which are required to eat a diet of 100% certified 
organic feed.
    The proposed rule would require the certification of some types of 
currently uncertified entities, such as the grain elevators in this 
example. Organic certification would subject these entities to regular, 
systematic oversight from accredited certifying agents and allow the 
NOP to monitor these entities' activities through on-site 
investigations, ensuring faster detection and prevention of millions of 
dollars in organic fraud.

Terminology and Objectives

    Throughout this proposed rule, AMS refers to four concepts--organic 
integrity, organic fraud, audit trails, and supply chain traceability--
which are integral to the purpose of this proposed rule. AMS is 
explaining these concepts upfront to assist reader understanding: \7\
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    \7\ These terms are explained only for use in this proposed rule 
and are not intended to represent any addition to 7 CFR part 205 or 
revision to the term audit trail.
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    1. Organic integrity: The unique attributes that make a product 
organic, and define its status as organic. A product that fully 
complies with the USDA organic regulations has integrity, and its 
organic qualities have not been compromised.
    2. Organic fraud: Intentional deception for illicit economic gain, 
where nonorganic products are labeled, sold, or represented as organic. 
This may include substitutions or deliberate mislabeling; falsified 
records; and/or false statements given in applications or

[[Page 47540]]

organic system plans, or during inspections, investigations, and 
audits.
    3. Audit trail: Documentation that is sufficient to determine the 
source, transfer of ownership, and transportation of any agricultural 
product labeled as ``100 percent organic,'' the organic ingredients of 
any agricultural product labeled as ``organic'' or ``made with organic 
(specified ingredients)'' or the organic ingredients of any 
agricultural product containing less than 70 percent organic 
ingredients identified as organic in an ingredients statement (7 CFR 
205.2).
    4. Supply chain traceability: The ability to identify and track a 
product (including its location, history, and organic nature) along its 
entire supply chain, from source to consumption, and/or ``backwards'' 
from consumption to source. A supply chain audit assesses supply chain 
traceability for specific products, verifying whether records show all 
movement, transactions, custody, and activities involving the products.
    The objective of this proposed rule is to strengthen enforcement of 
the USDA organic regulations and protect the integrity of the organic 
label by (1) strengthening organic control systems; (2) improving 
organic import oversight; (3) clarifying organic certification 
standards; and (4) enhancing supply chain traceability. AMS identified 
the need for these proposed changes from the following sources:
     Direct experience in administering the NOP, particularly 
complaint investigations and audits of accredited certifying agents;
     The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018,\8\ which amended 
the OFPA.
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    \8\ The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, Public Law 115-334, 
is available at: https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf.
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     Recommendations of a 2017 Office of Inspector General 
report; \9\
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    \9\ USDA Office of Inspector General Audit Report 01601-0001-21: 
National Organic Program International Trade Arrangements and 
Agreements. September 2017: https://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/01601-0001-21.pdf.
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     Recommendations of the NOP's federal advisory committee, 
the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB); and
     Industry stakeholder and consumer feedback.
    If implemented, AMS expects the amendments proposed in this rule 
will bring more effective oversight and enforcement, improve organic 
integrity and product traceability, clarify existing standards to 
ensure fair competition, bolster consumer trust in the organic label, 
reduce organic fraud, and support continued industry growth. 
Information about each amendment is described in more detail below.

III. Overview of Proposed Amendments

                                                   1--Applicability and Exemptions From Certification
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                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
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205.2....................................  Revise......................  Handle. To sell, process, or package agricultural products, including but not
                                                                          limited to trading, facilitating sale or trade, brokering, repackaging,
                                                                          labeling, combining, containerizing, storing, receiving, or loading.
205.2....................................  Revise......................  Handler. Any person engaged in the business of handling agricultural products.
205.2....................................  Revise......................  Handling operation. Any operation or portion of an operation that handles
                                                                          agricultural products, except for operations that are exempt from
                                                                          certification.
205.2....................................  Revise......................  Retail operation. An operation that sells agricultural products directly to
                                                                          final consumers through in-person and/or virtual transactions.
205.100(a)...............................  Revise......................  Except for the exempt operations described in Sec.   205.101, each operation,
                                                                          or portion of an operation, that produces or handles agricultural products
                                                                          that are intended to be sold, labeled, or represented as ``100 percent
                                                                          organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food
                                                                          group(s))'' must be certified according to the provisions of subpart E of this
                                                                          part and must meet all other applicable requirements of this part.
205.101..................................  Revise......................  Exemptions from certification.
205.101..................................  Revise......................  The following operations in subparagraphs (a) through (e) of this section are
                                                                          exempt from certification under subpart E of this part and from submitting an
                                                                          organic system plan for acceptance or approval under Sec.   205.201 but must
                                                                          comply with the applicable organic production and handling requirements of
                                                                          subpart C of this part, including the provisions for prevention of contact of
                                                                          organic products with prohibited substances set forth in Sec.   205.272, and
                                                                          the specific additional requirements stipulated in Sec.   205.101(a) through
                                                                          (f).
205.101(a)...............................  Revise......................  A production or handling operation that sells agricultural products as
                                                                          ``organic'' but whose gross agricultural income from organic sales totals
                                                                          $5,000 or less annually. The products from such operations must not be used as
                                                                          ingredients identified as organic in processed products produced by another
                                                                          handling operation. Such operations must comply with the labeling provisions
                                                                          of Sec.   205.310.
205.101(b)...............................  Revise......................  A retail operation or a portion of a retail operation that sells, but does not
                                                                          process, organically produced agricultural products.
205.101(c)...............................  Revise......................  A retail operation or portion of a retail operation that processes agricultural
                                                                          products that were previously labeled for retail sale as ``100 percent
                                                                          organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food
                                                                          group(s)),'' provided that the products are processed onsite at the point of
                                                                          sale to the final consumer. Such operations must comply with the labeling
                                                                          provisions of Sec.   205.310, and must maintain records sufficient to:
                                                                         (1) Prove that agricultural products identified as organic were organically
                                                                          produced and handled; and
                                                                         (2) Verify quantities produced or sold from such agricultural products.
205.101(d)...............................  Add.........................  A handling operation or portion of a handling operation that only handles
                                                                          agricultural products that contain less than 70 percent organic ingredients
                                                                          (as described in Sec.   205.301(d)), or that only identifies organic
                                                                          ingredients on the information panel. Such operations must comply with the
                                                                          labeling provisions of Sec.  Sec.   205.305 and 205.310 and must maintain
                                                                          records sufficient to:

[[Page 47541]]

 
                                                                         (1) Prove that agricultural products identified as organic were organically
                                                                          produced and handled; and
                                                                         (2) Verify quantities produced or sold from such agricultural products.
205.101(e)...............................  Add.........................  An operation that only stores, receives, and/or loads agricultural products,
                                                                          but does not process or alter such agricultural products.
205.101(f)...............................  Add.........................  Records described in subparagraphs (a)-(d) of this section must be maintained
                                                                          for no less than 3 years beyond their creation, and the operations must allow
                                                                          representatives of the Secretary and the applicable State organic programs'
                                                                          governing State official access to these records for inspection and copying
                                                                          during normal business hours to determine compliance with the applicable
                                                                          regulations set forth in this part.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes amending Sec. Sec.  205.2 and 205.100-101 of the USDA 
organic regulations to clarify the applicability of the regulations and 
limit the types of operations excluded from organic certification in 
the global supply chain. This includes revising the definitions of 
handle, handler, handling operation, and retail food establishment. The 
proposed amendments would require certification of operations that 
facilitate the sale or trade of organic products, including but not 
limited to brokers, importers, and traders.
    In general, this proposed rule requires the certification of any 
handling operation whose activities may affect the organic status of 
agricultural products they handle or represent after production, as the 
products move from production source through a supply chain. The 
amendments also clearly specify which entities and activities are 
exempt from certification. Most notably, this includes exemptions for 
retail operations and entities that only store organic products; the 
current exclusions at Sec.  205.101(b)(1) would be removed.

Authority

    AMS' authority to modify Sec. Sec.  205.2, 205.100, and 205.101 of 
7 CFR is established in the OFPA. The statute allows AMS to ``establish 
an organic certification program for producers and handlers of 
agricultural products'' (7 U.S.C. 6503(a)) and ``require such other 
terms and conditions as may be determined . . . necessary'' (7 U.S.C. 
6506(a)(11)). The OFPA and the USDA organic regulations state that any 
operation that produces or handles certified organic agricultural 
products is required to be certified (7 U.S.C. 6503 and 7 CFR 205.100). 
Additionally, the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (the ``2018 farm 
bill'') requires that the USDA ``issue regulations to limit the type of 
organic operations that are excluded from certification under section 
205.101'' of the organic regulations.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ See section 10104(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018, Public Law 115-334, available at: https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This proposed amendment clarifies the terms handle, handler, and 
handling operation to better align with the OFPA definition of handle, 
``to sell, process, or package agricultural products'' (7 U.S.C. 
6502(8)). Limiting handler exemptions is necessary to meet the basic 
purposes delineated in 7 U.S.C. 6501(2)-(3), ``to assure consumers that 
organically produced products meet a consistent standard, and to 
facilitate interstate commerce in fresh and processed food that is 
organically produced.'' As the current exclusions at Sec.  
205.101(b)(1) are no longer appropriate, AMS is exercising its 
authority, as mandated in the 2018 farm bill, to limit those exclusions 
in order to fully implement the national standards authorized by 7 
U.S.C. 6504 and to ensure compliance with the OFPA and the USDA organic 
regulations.

History and Justification for Amendments

    In addition to the 2018 farm bill, several factors compel 
regulatory changes to require the certification of many currently 
excluded operations. The present need for expanded oversight to protect 
organic integrity is primarily due to the emergence of complex global 
supply chains and business relationships, and price premiums for 
organic products. These factors present the opportunity and incentive 
for organic fraud, which has materialized in the organic sector, and 
which would be mitigated by reducing the types of entities excluded 
from certification.
    Following full implementation of the NOP in 2002, AMS believed that 
organic product integrity would not be compromised or altered when 
handled by entities such as brokers, distributors, traders, storage 
professionals, receivers, and loaders. As such, these handlers were not 
required to be certified. At that time, marketing was mostly local or 
regional, and organic market sales totaled a fraction of today's 
figures. Additionally, the percentage of organic product handled by 
excluded entities was relatively low.
    The organic market has grown considerably since the USDA organic 
regulations took effect in 2002. The Organic Trade Association reports 
that total U.S. organic sales grew from $3.4 billion in 1997 to $55.1 
billion in 2019.\11\ This significant market growth has created the 
opportunity for additional domestic and international producers, 
handlers, product suppliers, importers, brokers, distributors, and 
others to participate in the organic market. Interpretation of the 
current regulations has allowed many of these operations to remain 
uncertified. This has resulted in increased complexity of organic 
supply chains. Today's organic marketplace is marked by multifaceted 
supply chains with organic products increasingly coordinated by 
entities not regulated by the USDA, creating risks that could impact 
the integrity of organic products.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Organic Trade Association, Organic Industry Survey, 2018-
2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Other contributors to risk include entities in the middle of supply 
chains that facilitate the sale or trade of organic products. These 
include domestic importers of products, brokers/traders, distributors, 
and other handlers who represent a link between certified parties. 
Although some of these handlers voluntarily seek certification, the 
current organic regulations do not require their certification. 
Handlers are responsible for the integrity of the organic products they 
handle, even if they never take ownership or possession of a product, 
because they frequently make decisions impacting the integrity of 
organic products. For example, they may file import and export permits; 
arrange sales to both certified and uncertified entities; and comply 
with

[[Page 47542]]

mandatory import conditions such as fumigation or irradiation. The 
current lack of certification requirements for excluded handlers can 
negatively affect the organic status of products, and reduce the 
availability of auditable records needed to assess organic status.
    The evolution of the organic industry has made clear that the 
current terms handle, handler, and handling operation, as defined at 
Sec.  205.2 of the organic regulations, no longer adequately represent 
the full scope of organic supply chains. The allowance of uncertified 
handlers creates gaps in the organic supply chain, breaking chains of 
custody and complicating the verification of product origin. Expanding 
organic certification to cover a wider range of handling operations is 
critical to supply chain traceability. It would make more parties 
visible and accountable, require the generation and maintenance of 
auditable records, and improve the usefulness of audit trails and 
product verification. The NOP believes improved supply chain 
traceability is critical to the continuing success of the program and 
its ability to ensure the integrity of organic products. Supply chain 
traceability is discussed in more detail later in this proposed rule.

Previous Actions by AMS, the NOSB, and Stakeholders

    In 2010, the NOSB provided AMS recommendations to address the risks 
to organic integrity created by handler exclusions.\12\ The NOSB 
determined that handlers of unpackaged bulk agricultural products 
should not be excluded from certification and requested that the NOP 
define the scope of handling activities addressed by Sec.  205.101(b) 
of the organic regulations. In 2014, the NOP issued guidance on the 
certification requirements for handling unpackaged organic products 
(NOP 5031) \13\ and provided clarification about the circumstances 
under which a handling operation is excluded from certification 
requirements. This guidance was based upon both the 2010 NOSB 
recommendations and the findings of two Office of Inspector General 
audits of the NOP's oversight of organic milk.\14\ Because the guidance 
in NOP 5031 only addresses handlers of unpackaged organic products, it 
has not eliminated the audit trail gaps that prevent full product 
traceability from farm gate to consumer. Furthermore, NOP 5031 has not 
been consistently implemented by certifying agents, particularly with 
respect to less-typical handling activities (e.g., auguring commodities 
from vessels to rail cars at ports).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ NOSB Formal Recommendation: Clarifying the Limits of 
205.101(b), October 28, 2010: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20CACC%20Final%20Rec%20Clarifying%20the%20Limitations.pdf.
    \13\ NOP 5031--Guidance, Certification Requirements for Handling 
Unpackaged Organic Products, January 22, 2014: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/5031.pdf.
    \14\ USDA Office of Inspector General Audit Report 01601-0001-
Te: National Organic Program--Organic Milk, February 2012: https://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/01601-0001-Te.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Clarification of Applicability

    The proposed rule clarifies the applicability of the regulations by 
revising Sec.  205.100 and the definitions of handle, handler, and 
handling operation. These proposed revisions clearly state which 
entities, operations, and activities require certification under the 
USDA organic regulations. Specifically, the proposed rule revises the 
definition of handle by including additional activities, most notably 
trading, brokering, and facilitating sale or trade. The revised 
definition of handle reflects the broad range of handling activities 
that take place in the modern organic industry, and can be generally 
described to include activities that affect the organic status or 
ownership of an agricultural product after production as it moves from 
production source through a supply chain.
    Unless specifically exempted from certification, as discussed in a 
later section, any person or operation that conducts activities 
described in the revised definition of handle would need to be 
certified and comply with all applicable requirements for handlers. 
This would require the certification of certain types of excluded 
handlers that currently operate without regular systematic oversight 
from the USDA, most notably intermediate market actors such as brokers, 
traders, and importers. Certified organic products that are handled by 
an uncertified, non-exempt operation at any point in the supply chain 
will lose their certified organic status and may no longer be sold, 
labeled, or represented as organic. In turn, certified organic 
operations that receive products from uncertified, non-exempt handlers 
and subsequently label the products as organic, use as feed for organic 
livestock, or use as ingredients for organic products are in violation 
of USDA organic regulations, and may be subject to proposed suspension 
or revocation of certification and possible civil penalties.
    The proposed rule also modifies the definitions of handler and 
handling operation to include any person or operation that handles 
agricultural products. This includes handling operations such as 
importers, brokers, and traders. Accountability from these operations 
is required to maintain the integrity of organic products. Even if 
these operations do not take physical possession or ownership of the 
product they represent, their decisions affect the status of organic 
products; the operation's records are essential to demonstrate a 
product's compliance at that point in the supply chain. For example, 
uncertified brokers may receive notices of organic products being 
treated with substances prohibited for use on organic products, but 
might not provide those notices to certified importers or accredited 
certifying agents. Such critical breaks in the audit trail could allow 
products to be sold as organic, after being treated with substances 
prohibited for use on organic products.
    Similarly, uncertified storage facilities may store and split or 
combine lots and loads. Certifying agents and certified importers may 
not be informed of the full range of activities conducted at such 
facilities; however, handlers at these locations have a critical role 
in maintaining the integrity and traceability of organic products. For 
this reason, the proposed rule would require the certification of these 
types of handlers.
    Finally, because uncertified handlers are not required to maintain 
auditable records for five years, sales or transit records might not be 
available for inspection by the USDA or certifying agents. The U.S. 
Government has limited ability to obtain records from foreign 
businesses who are not certified to the USDA regulations. The current 
exclusion of these brokers from organic certification creates risks for 
organic integrity when they facilitate the sale of USDA-organic 
products produced overseas, prior to export to the United States.

Clarification of Exemptions From Certification

    In addition to clearly stating who requires organic certification, 
the proposed rule also describes the activities that would not require 
certification to produce, handle, or sell organic agricultural 
products. The proposed rule modifies Sec.  205.101 by renaming the 
section ``Exemptions from certification,'' eliminating the exclusions 
currently listed at Sec.  205.101(b), and listing in revised Sec.  
205.101 all operations that are exempt from organic certification. 
Eliminating reference to exclusion and excluded

[[Page 47543]]

operations, and categorizing as exempt those operations that do not 
require organic certification, will reduce confusion and 
misinterpretation about who needs to be certified.
    Although they do not require certification, exempt operations must 
comply with portions of the organic regulations. Exempt operations that 
are producing or handling organic products are responsible for 
maintaining organic integrity and must follow the production and 
handling requirements of the organic regulations that relate to their 
activities. Stakeholders have expressed concern about the clarity and 
consistent implementation of these requirements. The proposed rule 
addresses this concern by clearly stating what requirements each exempt 
operation must follow. In general, all exempt operations must follow 
the applicable organic production and handling requirements of subpart 
C of the regulations, including the provisions for prevention of 
contact of organic products with prohibited substances (Sec.  205.272). 
In addition, specific additional requirements are included for some 
exemptions, and recordkeeping requirements are explained in revised 
Sec.  205.101.

Exemptions Retained by the Proposed Rule

    The current exemption for operations with $5,000 or less in annual 
income from organic sales is retained at revised Sec.  205.101(a). To 
ensure the integrity of organic products, these operations are required 
to comply with the provisions for the prevention of contact of organic 
products with prohibited substances (Sec.  205.272) and the labeling 
provisions of Sec.  205.310. The current exemptions for operations that 
handle products with less than 70 percent organic ingredients and 
operations that only identify organic ingredients on product labels are 
also retained at new Sec.  205.101(d). These exempt handlers are 
required to comply with the labeling requirements of Sec. Sec.  205.305 
and 205.310, the comingling requirements of Sec.  205.272, and must 
maintain records that (1) prove that agricultural products identified 
as organic were organically produced and handled, and (2) verify 
quantities produced or sold from such agricultural products.

Exclusions Removed From the Proposed Rule

    The current exclusion at Sec.  205.101(b)(1), for operations that 
only handle packaged organic products, is omitted from the proposed 
rule. This amendment will improve traceability of organic products 
through the supply chain and reduce the potential mishandling of 
packaged organic products by uncertified operations. This modification 
also addresses many stakeholders' request that everyone in the supply 
chain producing or handling organic products must be certified, with 
very limited exceptions. Requiring certification of additional types of 
handling operations, including those previously excluded by the 
``packaged product'' condition, would substantially enhance the 
integrity of organic products by eliminating record gaps in the supply 
chain and enabling more complete audit trails. Expanded certification 
also would reduce the risk of exposure of packaged organic products to 
prohibited methods such as ionizing radiation and fumigation with 
prohibited materials, processes that may compromise the product's 
organic status.

Clarification of the Retail Operation Exemption

    The proposed rule renames the term retail food establishment as 
retail operation and expands the definition to include current modes of 
direct-to-consumer sales that commonly occur in the modern marketplace. 
The term retail operation is defined as an operation that sells 
agricultural products directly to final consumers through in-person 
and/or virtual transactions. This amended term is required to capture 
the full range of direct-to-consumer sales that may occur in the 
current era of electronic and internet commerce. ``Virtual 
transaction'' is used to describe any form of transaction that does not 
occur in person (e.g., telephone, mail-order, and/or online sales). 
Additionally, expanding the term to include food and other agricultural 
products is necessary to reflect the full range of certified organic 
products that may be sold directly to consumers in today's retail 
marketplace. Examples of retail operations include but are not limited 
to restaurants, delicatessens, bakeries, grocery stores, or any retail 
business with a restaurant, delicatessen, bakery, salad bar, bulk food 
self-service stations (e.g., grains, nuts), or other eat-in, carry-out, 
mail-order, or delivery service of raw or processed agricultural 
products.
    The OFPA excludes final retailers that do not process agricultural 
products from the definition of ``handler'' and ``handling operation.'' 
(7 U.S.C. 6502). Therefore, these types of retailers are not required 
to be certified in order to sell organic products. In the proposed 
rule, AMS is modifying and expanding the current provision in the USDA 
organic regulations which permits retailers that process raw and ready-
to-eat agricultural products to sell, label, or represent these 
products as organic. In the future, under its existing authority, AMS 
could consider requirements for the certification of retailers that 
process agricultural products intended to be sold, labeled, or 
represented as organic. We are retaining the exemption from 
certification for retailers that process unless and until we have more 
input from stakeholders on the need for and impact of removing this 
exemption and recommended standards for retailers.
    The proposed rule would exempt retail operations from 
certification, including retail operations that sell, but do not 
process, organic agricultural products (proposed Sec.  205.101(b)), and 
retail operations that process agricultural products previously labeled 
for retail sale as organic (proposed Sec.  205.101(c)). These 
exemptions are very similar to the current exemption and exclusion for 
retail food establishments at current Sec. Sec.  205.101(a)(2) and 
(b)(2). To qualify for the exemption at proposed Sec.  205.101(c), any 
processing of organic products performed by a retail operation must 
occur in connection with the direct sale to the final consumer. This 
means that the products must be processed and sold in the same physical 
location. An operation processing a product for sale at another site 
would require certification. This would include retailers that sell 
virtually; the organic products which they sell, label or represent as 
organic must have been produced and processed by certified operations.
    Retail operations may present risks to organic integrity. For 
example, a grocery store may accidentally mix or combine organic and 
nonorganic produce of the same type, or they may unintentionally place 
an organic label on a shelf that holds nonorganic products. Further, 
storing organic produce in a container that was previously used for 
nonorganic produce without first cleaning the container may expose the 
organic produce to a prohibited pesticide. Therefore, all exempt retail 
operations must comply with the requirements of Sec.  205.272, which 
describe handling requirements to prevent comingling and contact with 
prohibited substances. Additionally, exempt retail operations that 
process organic products must follow the labeling provisions of Sec.  
205.310, and maintain records to (1) demonstrate that agricultural 
products identified as organic were organically produced and handled; 
and (2) verify quantities received, sold, or produced from such 
agricultural products. Following these requirements will help maintain 
organic integrity, even in the absence of certification.

[[Page 47544]]

Exemption for Storage of Organic Agricultural Products

    There are many operations that store organic products; however, 
these operations are generally considered low-risk because of the type 
of activities they perform and because they may be identified in the 
organic system plan of a certified operation. Given that these 
operations are lower-risk and are subject to oversight by certified 
handlers in adjacent segments of the supply chain, AMS proposes 
exempting from organic certification operations that only store 
agricultural products, but do not process or alter such agricultural 
products (proposed Sec.  205.101(e)).\15\ This approach is consistent 
with risk-based oversight models.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ Processing, as defined by 7 CFR 205.2, includes 
``packaging. . .or otherwise enclosing food in a container.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This exemption would apply to warehouses, storage facilities, and 
other operations whose only function is the temporary holding or 
storage of organic products, and the associated receiving and loading 
of organic products. An operation that processes or alters the organic 
products they store would not qualify for the exemption and must be 
certified. Storage operations claiming this exemption must not label/
relabel, combine, split, containerize, pack/repack, treat, sort, open, 
enclose, or otherwise alter the organic products they handle. Like 
other exempt operations, the proposed rule would require storage 
operations exempted at proposed Sec.  205.101(e) to comply with the 
requirements of Sec.  205.272 for the prevention of commingling and 
contact with prohibited substances.

Transport of Organic Agricultural Products

    Like storage, transport also qualifies as a low-risk activity and 
may be identified in the organic system plan of a certified handler. 
Because transport alone is not a handling activity (see 7 U.S.C. 
6502(8) and 7 CFR 205.2), operations that only transport organic 
products are not required to be certified. Certifying agents have 
expressed confusion about which activities constitute transport versus 
which activities qualify as handling and, thus, require certification. 
Transport commonly refers to the movement of products in commerce; any 
activity that alters an agricultural product during transport would 
qualify as handling, and would require certification. Other activities 
that could occur adjacent to transport include, for example, combining, 
splitting, containerizing, packing/repacking, treating, sorting, 
opening, enclosing, or labeling/relabeling. These activities are 
handling and would require certification. Permitted activity that does 
not require certification would be restricted to movement of 
agricultural products only.

Certified Operations' Verification and Recordkeeping Responsibilities

    The exempt activities described in this proposed rule present 
relatively low risk to organic integrity; however, exempted operations 
are not without risk. To address this risk, AMS proposes that certified 
operations include in their organic system plans monitoring practices 
and procedures to verify their supply chains and the organic status of 
products they receive (see proposed amendments to Sec.  205.201 and 
discussion on Supply Chain Traceability and Fraud Prevention later in 
this proposed rule). This includes verifying the organic status of 
products that are handled by exempt operations in a supply chain. 
Certified operations should carefully review the practices and records 
of operations in their supply chain, including transportation and 
storage operations. Certified operations that load/sell/export organic 
products and certified operations that receive/purchase/import organic 
products are ultimately responsible for verifying that organic status 
has not been compromised during transport or storage.
    In addition to procedures in an organic system plan, certified 
operations must also maintain records to support the verification of 
organic integrity and facilitate supply chain audits. The current 
organic regulations at Sec.  205.103 state that certified operations 
``must maintain records concerning the production, harvesting, and 
handling'' of their products. Certified operations must keep records of 
these activities to ``Fully disclose all activities and transactions of 
the certified operation in sufficient detail'' to ``demonstrate 
compliance with the Act and the regulations.'' Therefore, to 
demonstrate compliance, certified operations must maintain records of 
products that were handled by operations in their supply chain, 
including transportation and storage operations.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ 7 U.S.C. 6519(a)(1) ``. . .each person who sells, labels, 
or represents any agricultural product as having been produced or 
handled using organic methods shall make available. . .all records 
associated with the agricultural product.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As a best practice, records covering these types of handling 
activities should (1) demonstrate that the organic integrity of the 
product is maintained during transport and/or storage, and (2) verify 
both the quantities and the organic status of the product being 
transported and/or stored. Records could include clean truck 
affidavits; records of cleaning and sanitizing materials, and 
procedures used to clean trucks; bills of lading, manifests, 
transaction certificates, shipping records, delivery records, invoices, 
lot numbers, and other audit trail documents; and records documenting 
the audit trail, chain of custody, tanker seals, wash tags, truck and 
trailer numbers. Records such as these can be used by a certified 
operation to verify that organic products are properly handled by 
exempt transport or storage operations. Records can also be used for 
traceability, both by certified operations to verify the source of a 
product they receive, and by certifying agents to verify the origin of 
a product during a trace-back audit.
    These recordkeeping requirements will ensure that certified 
operations maintain documents to demonstrate that the organic integrity 
of products is not compromised during transport and/or storage. 
Additionally, records will show the quantities of organic products 
transported and/or stored, and facilitate certifying agents in 
performing trace-back and mass-balance audits through a supply chain. 
Clarifying what activities that are exempt from certification--and 
clarifying recordkeeping responsibility--will enhance accountability 
for the integrity of both domestic and imported organic products by 
bolstering the NOP's oversight of handlers that affect the status of 
organic products.

Request for Comment

    AMS seeks comment regarding the proposed amendments to Sec. Sec.  
205.2 and 205.100-101 discussed above, including answers to the 
following questions:
    1. Are there additional activities that should be included in the 
proposed definition of handle (i.e., are there additional activities 
that require certification)? Are there any activities in the proposed 
definition of handle that should be exempt from certification?
    2. Are there specific activities not included in the proposed rule 
that you believe should be exempt from organic certification?
    3. Are there additional requirements that exempt handlers described 
in this proposed rule should follow?
    4. Activities at ports may present a threat to the integrity of 
organic products due to the multiple types of handling activities 
performed in these locations. It is common for independent operations 
to perform specific physical handling activities within a port (e.g., 
loading, unloading, or transfer of

[[Page 47545]]

packaged, unpackaged, or bulk organic product). The proposed rule would 
require certification of these operations, who are often contractors. 
What other activities performed at ports should require certification 
and why?

                                                             2--Imports to the United States
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Organic exporter. The owner or final exporter of the organic product who
                                                                          facilitates the trade of, consigns, or arranges for the transport/shipping of
                                                                          the organic product from a foreign country.
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Organic importer of record. The operation responsible for accepting imported
                                                                          organic products within the United States.
205.273..................................  Add new section.............  Imports to the United States.
205.273..................................  Add.........................  Each shipment of organic products imported into the United States through U.S.
                                                                          Ports of Entry must be certified pursuant to subpart E of this part, labeled
                                                                          pursuant to subpart D of this part, be declared as organic to U.S. Customs and
                                                                          Border Protection, and be associated with a valid NOP Import Certificate (Form
                                                                          NOP 2110-1) or equivalent data source.
205.273(a)...............................  Add.........................  Persons exporting organic products to the United States must request an NOP
                                                                          Import Certificate, or provide data through an equivalent data source, from a
                                                                          certifying agent, for each physical shipment of certified organic products
                                                                          prior to their export. Only certifying agents accredited by the USDA or
                                                                          foreign certifying agents authorized under an organic trade arrangement may
                                                                          issue an NOP Import Certificate or approve a listing in an equivalent data
                                                                          source (e.g., a third-party export system).
205.273(b)...............................  Add.........................  The certifying agent must review an NOP Import Certificate request, determine
                                                                          whether the shipment complies with the USDA organic regulations, and issue the
                                                                          NOP Import Certificate or equivalent within 30 calendar days of receipt if the
                                                                          shipment complies with the USDA organic regulations.
205.273(c)...............................  Add.........................  Each compliant organic shipment must be declared as organic to U.S. Customs and
                                                                          Border Protection through a U.S. Port of Entry by uploading the unique NOP
                                                                          Import Certificate, or equivalent electronic data entry, into the U.S. Customs
                                                                          and Border Protection's Automated Commercial Environment system.
205.273(d)...............................  Add.........................  Upon receiving a shipment with organic products, the organic importer of record
                                                                          must ensure the shipment is accompanied by a verified NOP Import Certificate
                                                                          or equivalent; must verify that the shipment contains only the quantity and
                                                                          type of certified organic product specified on the NOP Import Certificate or
                                                                          equivalent; and must verify that the shipment has had no contact with
                                                                          prohibited substances pursuant to Sec.   205.272 or exposure to ionizing
                                                                          radiation pursuant to Sec.   205.105, since export.
205.273(e)...............................  Add.........................  The use of the term equivalent in this section refers to electronic data,
                                                                          documents, identification numbers, databases, or other systems verified as an
                                                                          equivalent data source to the NOP Import Certificate.
205.300(c)...............................  Revise......................  Products produced in a foreign country and exported for sale in the United
                                                                          States must be certified pursuant to subpart E of this part, labeled pursuant
                                                                          to this subpart D, and must comply with the requirements in Sec.   205.273,
                                                                          Imports to the United States.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes amending the USDA organic regulations by adding a new 
section (205.273) discussing the use of the National Organic Program 
Import Certificate (``NOP Import Certificate''). Currently, NOP Import 
Certificates are only required for organic products imported from a 
country that the NOP has determined uses an equivalent system of 
organic certification, e.g., NOP Import Certificates are currently used 
for imports from the European Union, Switzerland, Japan, and South 
Korea. This proposed rule would require that any organic agricultural 
product imported to the United States be associated with a valid NOP 
Import Certificate or equivalent data source. The use of the term 
``equivalent'' in this section refers to data and systems that are 
created, issued, or used by the United States or foreign governments to 
share trade-related information. Allowing for equivalent data and 
systems that harmonize with U.S. Government trade systems allows for 
the future development of interoperable import and export systems that 
facilitate information exchange between governments or authorized 
entities.

What is an NOP import certificate?

    The NOP Import Certificate, or equivalent, is a type of transaction 
certificate, or equivalent data source, that contains detailed 
information about the quantity and origin of organic product being 
imported into the United States. The purpose of the NOP Import 
Certificate is to document the organic status and quantity of a 
specific physical shipment of imported organic products. The NOP Import 
Certificate is associated with a specific shipment of imported organic 
products as it travels from a certified organic exporter in a foreign 
country to a certified organic importer in the United States. The NOP 
Import Certificate is used to ensure a smooth, auditable business 
transaction by documenting that the products in the shipment are 
organic and may be sold, represented, and distributed as organic within 
the United States.
    NOP Import Certificates are currently used for organic products 
imported from countries that the NOP has determined to be equivalent 
(OMB Approval No. 1651-0022). The USDA has established equivalency with 
Canada, the European Union, Switzerland, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, 
and the United Kingdom.\17\ Organic imports from Canada are accompanied 
by an attestation statement that the products comply with the terms of 
the United States-Canada Organic Equivalency Arrangement. Organic 
imports from the European Union, Switzerland, Japan, South Korea, 
Taiwan, and the United Kingdom are accompanied by an NOP Import 
Certificate. The certifying agent evaluates the request for an NOP 
Import Certificate, and upon verification of the organic shipment, 
completes and issues an NOP Import Certificate. Form NOP 2110-1 (OMB 
Control Number 0581-0191) is currently used for this purpose.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ The United States-United Kingdom equivalency will be 
effective in January 2021.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 47546]]

    AMS does not currently require NOP Import Certificates for organic 
imports from countries that the United States does not have organic 
equivalency with. This proposed rule would expand and make compulsory 
the use of NOP Import Certificates, regardless of an imported product's 
country of origin. Specifically, this proposed rule would require that 
all imported products intended to be sold, represented, or labeled as 
organic in the United States must be declared as organic to U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and that each physical shipment 
passing through a U.S. Port of Entry must be associated with an NOP 
Import Certificate, or equivalent data source. Requiring an NOP Import 
Certificate provides trackable and auditable verification that a 
specific shipment of imported organic products complies with the USDA 
organic regulations. It will also support investigations if 
noncompliant products are exported and misrepresented as organic for 
sale in the United States.

Authority and Justification for the Mandatory Use of NOP Import 
Certificates

    The mandatory use of NOP Import Certificates is authorized by the 
OFPA, as amended by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018.\18\ The 
OFPA specifies what information an NOP Import Certificate must include 
(7 U.S.C. 6502(13)), and also stipulates that the NOP Import 
Certificate must ``be available as an electronic record'' and captured 
in a tracking system maintained by the U.S. Government (7 U.S.C. 
6514(d)). The OFPA also provides the Secretary with broad authority to 
establish appropriate and adequate enforcement procedures and any other 
requirements that the Secretary may determine to be necessary (7 U.S.C. 
6506).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ See sections 10104(b)(3) and 10104(c) of the Agriculture 
Improvement Act of 2018, Public Law No: 115-334. Available at: 
https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Both the OFPA and the USDA organic regulations require certified 
operations to maintain and make available to the Secretary records 
concerning the production, harvesting, and handling of agricultural 
products that are or that are intended to be sold, labeled, or 
represented as organic (7 U.S.C. 6519, 7 CFR 205.103, and 7 CFR 
205.400(d)). This includes sufficient records to provide an audit trail 
to determine the source, type and quantity, transfer of ownership, and 
transportation of any agricultural product labeled as organic (7 CFR 
205.2). Likewise, both the OFPA and the USDA organic regulations 
require certifying agents to maintain and make available to the 
Secretary records concerning its activities (7 U.S.C. 6519, 7 CFR 
205.501(a)(9), 7 CFR 205.510(b)).

NOP Import Certificate Format and Tracking System

    AMS proposes that NOP Import Certificates must be provided in a 
standardized electronic format to ensure consistency. AMS anticipates 
that Form NOP 2110-1, or an electronic equivalent that provides the 
same data, will serve this purpose, because it includes fields for the 
information needed to meet the requirements of an NOP Import 
Certificate as defined in the OFPA: Origin; destination; the certifying 
agent issuing the NOP Import Certificate; harmonized tariff code, when 
applicable; total weight; and the organic standard the product was 
certified to (7 U.S.C. 6502(13)). For the purposes of uploading and 
tracking NOP Import Certificates, Form 2110-1 must be available as an 
electronic format to meet the requirements of the OFPA (7 U.S.C. 
6514(d)(1)).
    The OFPA, as amended by the 2018 farm bill, also states that AMS 
must establish a system of tracking NOP Import Certificates, and that 
AMS ``may integrate the system into any existing information tracking 
systems for imports of agricultural products'' (7 U.S.C. 6514(d) and 
6522(c)).\19\ Because the OFPA enables AMS to access information 
available in CBP's Automated Commercial Environment system (ACE) (7 
U.S.C. 6521(c)), AMS expects that ACE will be used to track and store 
NOP Import Certificates, or equivalent electronic data.\20\ ACE is an 
automated and electronic system for processing commercial trade data. 
ACE is the primary system through which the global trade community 
files information about imports and exports so that admissibility into 
the United States may be determined by government agencies (including 
AMS) to ensure compliance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ See section 10104(c) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018, Public Law No: 115-334. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf.
    \20\ See sections 10104(h) and (j) of the Agriculture 
Improvement Act of 2018, Public Law No: 115-334. Available at: 
https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Use of the NOP Import Certificate

    The proposed rule includes two new terms, organic exporter and 
organic importer of record, that describe businesses that facilitate 
the international trade of organic products. An organic exporter is 
responsible for facilitating the trading, selling, consigning, shipping 
or exporting of organic product from a foreign country to the United 
States. An organic exporter must be certified organic by certifying 
agents accredited by the USDA or certifying agents authorized by a 
trade arrangement, and must maintain records required under Sec.  
205.103. Organic exporters may be the final physical handler of organic 
products within a foreign country or they may be the entities that 
facilitate, sell, or arrange the sale of organic products shipped to 
the United States.
    An organic importer of record is the entity responsible for 
receiving organic products within the United States. An organic 
importer of record must be certified and must maintain records required 
under 7 CFR 205.103. The proposed rule would specify that there is a 
consistent party, the organic importer of record, that is responsible 
for ensuring the compliance of organic agricultural products imported 
into the United States.
    This proposed rule would require that a certified organic exporter 
sending organic products to the United States request an NOP Import 
Certificate, or equivalent, from their certifying agent for the organic 
products intended for export. As discussed in the proposed amendments 
to the USDA organic regulation at Sec.  205.2, Terms defined, and Sec.  
205.101, Exemptions from certification, entities that facilitate the 
sale of organic products and arrange for the transport of organic 
products into the United States (e.g., organic exporters) would need to 
be certified. The request for an NOP Import Certificate must include 
information required for the organic exporter's certifying agent to 
complete the NOP Import Certificate or equivalent.
    The organic exporter's certifying agent would issue the NOP Import 
Certificate, or equivalent, provided it has verified that the shipment 
complies with the USDA organic regulations or an equivalent standard. 
This means that: (1) The information submitted on the NOP Import 
Certificate, or equivalent, is accurate, including confirmation of the 
organic status of each product listed on the NOP Import Certificate; 
and (2) the final handler has the capacity to produce or handle the 
quantity of organic product to be exported. The final handler would 
typically be the exporter or the last handler that processed the 
product. Verifying that the product complies with the organic standards 
includes, but is not limited to, verifying that the import has not been 
exposed to a prohibited substance, treated with a prohibited substance 
as a

[[Page 47547]]

result of fumigation or treated with ionizing radiation at any point in 
the products' movements across country borders.
    Upon receiving a shipment, an organic importer of record must 
verify that the organic product(s) comply with the USDA organic 
regulations. This includes, but is not limited to, verifying that the 
import has not been treated with a prohibited substance as a result of 
fumigation or treated with ionizing radiation at any point in the 
products' movements across country borders.
    Both the organic exporter and organic importer of record must 
maintain records of NOP Import Certificates, and these records must be 
available for inspection by the NOP and certifying agents in accordance 
with Sec.  205.103.
    Only certifying agents accredited by the USDA, or foreign 
certifying agents authorized by a trade arrangement, may prepare and 
issue an NOP Import Certificate or equivalent. Once completed by the 
certifying agent, an NOP Import Certificate or equivalent is provided 
to the organic exporter, and the organic exporter must provide the data 
associated with the NOP Import Certificate to CBP by uploading the data 
into the ACE system as an electronic record.
    An NOP Import Certificate, or equivalent, would also require use of 
the 10-digit NOP operation ID, or equivalent ID, name, and address of 
the organic importer of record in the United States, and the 10-digit 
NOP operation ID, or equivalent ID issued by a foreign certifying agent 
authorized under a trade arrangement, for the organic exporter of the 
product to be exported to the United States. The NOP Operation ID, or 
an equivalent ID, is a critical piece of data because it is a unique 
number generated in the Organic INTEGRITY Database for certifying 
agents accredited by the USDA, or in an equivalent system for foreign 
certifying agents authorized under a trade arrangement. This unique ID 
for each certified operation will link the exported organic product to 
the organic importer of record in the United States. This will 
strengthen the audit trail by ensuring that handlers on both sides of 
the transaction are known to Federal agents and can be linked when an 
organic product is imported into the United States.
    AMS acknowledges the concern that using NOP Import Certificates may 
slow the importation of organic product. Therefore, AMS is requiring 
that organic imports that pass through U.S. Ports of Entry be 
associated with, but not accompanied by, an NOP Import Certificate. 
This means that a shipment containing organic products may enter the 
United States without an NOP Import Certificate at the time of entry. 
However, the NOP Import Certificate, or equivalent data, must be 
uploaded into the ACE system within 10 calendar days of the shipment 
entering the United States. This is consistent with existing trade 
filing timeframes in ACE using the Entry Summary process.\21\ AMS 
expects that this 10-day timeframe will result in little to no impact 
to the timely importation of organic products. Regardless of when an 
NOP Import Certificate is completed, the organic exporter and organic 
importer of record are fully accountable for the compliance of the 
imported product(s).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ CBP Form 7501: Entry Summary. Available on the U.S. Customs 
and Border Protection website: https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/entry-summary/cbp-form-7501.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cooperation With U.S. Customs and Border Protection

    The OFPA, as amended by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, 
requires the establishment of an Organic Agricultural Product Imports 
Interagency Working Group, consisting of members of both the USDA and 
CBP (see 7 U.S.C. 6521a).\22\ The mandatory use of NOP Import 
Certificates supports the working group's goal to ensure the compliance 
of organic agricultural products imported to the United States, and 
builds upon ongoing cooperation between the USDA and CBP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ See section 10104(i) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018, Public Law No: 115-334. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS is working with CBP to verify that shipments of imported 
organic products are associated with unique NOP Import Certificates. In 
April 2020, the electronic version of the NOP Import Certificate (or 
``message set'') was deployed in ACE as an optional filing step for 
organic imports. The use of the electronic NOP Import Certificate will 
be mandatory when the SOE final rule is implemented.
    AMS expects some of the information collected via the NOP Import 
Certificate may be modified. In addition to the NOP Operation ID 
mentioned above, AMS is considering adding fields for the U.S. Customs 
Entry Number and the Purchase Order (PO) number to assist with tracking 
organic imports.
    Other fields may be eliminated to avoid collecting duplicate 
information already collected through the ACE database.
    Once established, the availability of the electronic NOP Import 
Certificate in ACE would notify CBP officials of organic shipments and 
provide AMS with more data to identify specific shipments of organic 
imports.

Alignment With Other Supply Chain Traceability Norms

    One of the goals of this action is to harmonize USDA regulatory 
requirements for importing organic products with international 
guidelines and norms. NOP considered international standards 
established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) \23\ and norms 
published by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture 
Movements (IFOAM).\24\ Both provide for and support the use of 
transaction shipment certificates such as the NOP Import Certificate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ Section 7 of the Codex Guidelines for the Production, 
Processing, Labelling and Marketing of Organically Produced Foods 
recommends imported organic products to be marketed only where the 
competent authority or designated body in the exporting country has 
issued a certificate of inspection stating that the lot designated 
in the certificate was obtained within an organic system of 
production, preparation, marketing and inspection.
    \24\ IFOAM Norms define a transaction certificate as a 
``document issued by a certification body or by the operator, 
declaring that a specified lot or consignment of goods is 
certified.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Future Harmonization With Sanitary and Phytosanitary Data Systems

    Further, the use of health certificates, sanitary certificates, 
phytosanitary certificates, and other regulatory requirements in place 
to contain certain plant and animal pests or diseases may offer a 
possible resource for the NOP and other government agencies to document 
the movement of organic products across national borders. Over time, it 
is expected that the United States and foreign countries will automate 
and harmonize systems to support the more seamless exchange of 
electronic import and export data in organic trade. AMS will continue 
to work to improve, adapt to, and support seamless electronic paperless 
supply chain traceability and transparency using the International 
Trade Data System (ITDS) and other technologies as they evolve.

Request for Comment

    AMS seeks comment regarding the use of NOP Import Certificates 
discussed in this proposed rule, including answers to the following 
questions:
    1. Is the 30-day timeframe for certifying agents to review and 
issue an NOP Import Certificate appropriate? Why or why not?
    2. How could the mode of transportation and frequency of shipments 
affect the use of the NOP Import Certificate?

[[Page 47548]]



                                                           3--Labeling of Nonretail Containers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.307..................................  Revise title................  Labeling of nonretail containers.
205.307 (a)..............................  Revise......................  Nonretail containers used to ship or store certified organic product must
                                                                          display the following:
                                                                         (1) The term, ``100 percent organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with organic
                                                                          (specified ingredients or food group(s)),'' as applicable, to identify the
                                                                          product;
                                                                         (2) The statement, ``Certified organic by (name of certifying agent),'' or
                                                                          similar phrase, to identify the name of the certifying agent that certified
                                                                          the producer of the product, or, if processed, the certifying agent that
                                                                          certified the last handler that processed the product; and
                                                                         (3) The production lot number of the product, shipping identification, or other
                                                                          information needed to ensure traceability.
205.307 (b)..............................  Revise......................  Nonretail containers used to ship or store certified organic product may
                                                                          display the following:
                                                                         (1) Special handling instructions needed to maintain the organic integrity of
                                                                          the product;
                                                                         (2) The USDA seal. Use of the USDA seal must comply with Sec.   205.311;
                                                                         (3) The name and contact information of the certified producer of the product,
                                                                          or if processed, the last certified handler that processed the product;
                                                                         (4) The seal, logo, or other identifying mark of the certifying agent that
                                                                          certified the producer of the product, or if processed, the last handler that
                                                                          processed the product; and/or
                                                                         (5) The business address, website, and/or contact information of the certifying
                                                                          agent.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Accurate labeling of non-retail containers used to ship or store 
organic products is critical to organic integrity. Detailed labeling 
reduces misidentification and mishandling, facilitates traceability 
through the supply chain, reduces the potential for organic fraud, and 
allows accurate identification of organic product by customs officials 
and transportation agents. Therefore, AMS proposes amending Sec.  
205.307 to add new requirements for the labeling of nonretail 
containers.
    If implemented, this proposed action will require that nonretail 
containers used to ship or store organic products are labeled with two 
additional pieces of information: (1) A statement identifying the 
product as organic; and (2) the name of the certifying agent that 
certified either the producer of the product, or, if the product is 
processed, the last handler that processed the product. In addition, 
the current requirement to show the production lot number on nonretail 
containers will be expanded, the option to include the name of the 
certified operation that produced or handled the product will be added, 
and the use of the USDA seal on nonretail containers will be clarified.
    Nonretail containers are defined under Sec.  205.2 of the USDA 
organic regulations as ``any container used for shipping or storage of 
an agricultural product that is not used in the retail display or sale 
of the product.'' Nonretail containers are used to ship or store either 
packaged or unpackaged organic products, and may include the following:
    1. Produce boxes, totes, bulk containers, bulk bags, flexible bulk 
containers, harvest crates and bins; and
    2. Boxes, crates, cartons, and master cases of wholesale packaged 
products.
    Section 205.307 does not apply to large nonretail containers that 
are associated with a mode of transportation or storage, such as 
trailers, tanks, railcars, shipping containers, grain elevators/silos, 
vessels, cargo holds, freighters, barges, or other method of bulk 
transport or storage. As labeling of these types of large containers 
may be impractical, they do not need to be labeled with the information 
described in Sec.  205.307. However, this information must be evident 
in documentation associated with and traceable to the container, to 
ensure that organic integrity is maintained during transport, storage, 
and handling.
    The current regulations require only one piece of information on 
nonretail container labeling: A production lot number. Other 
information elements--such as identification of the product as organic, 
certifying agent information, and special handling instructions--are 
optional, but not required on nonretail container labels. Lack of this 
information creates gaps in the organic chain of custody, complicates 
the verification of organic integrity, and increases the vulnerability 
to organic fraud.
    Nonretail containers labeled with only a production lot number 
provide no identifying information about the entity that provided that 
number. This can create problems when nonretail containers are used to 
store or ship unlabeled unpackaged product (e.g., produce or bulk 
commodities), because a production lot number alone is not sufficient 
to immediately identify the product as organic or conventional. An 
organic product stored or shipped in a nonretail container labeled with 
only a production lot number is at risk of having its organic integrity 
compromised, including treatment with a prohibited substance during 
border crossings, or comingling with conventional product during 
transport and aggregation.
    This proposed amendment will provide an additional safeguard for 
organic integrity by alerting certifying agents, handlers, and border 
agents to the contents of nonretail containers, and by helping prevent 
unintentional mishandling of organic product. This proposed action also 
aligns with the OFPA requirement that an agricultural product which is 
sold or labeled as organic must have been produced and handled without 
prohibited synthetic chemicals (7 U.S.C. 6504(1)).
    Some stakeholders have asked AMS to limit the applicability of 
Sec.  205.307 to packaged organic products described in Sec. Sec.  
205.303-304, i.e., products labeled ``100% organic,'' ``organic,'' or 
``made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)).'' AMS 
believes that amending the regulations to require a statement of 
organic status on all nonretail containers, including those which 
contain unpackaged and/or unlabeled product, is a more comprehensive 
and enforceable solution. Further, this will support the requirement 
for certified operations to maintain auditable records (Sec.  
205.103(b)(2)). An audit trail, as defined by the regulations, includes 
documents that show the source, transfer of ownership, and 
transportation of any agricultural product with an organic label (Sec.  
205.2). Obscuring the ``organic'' status of any product during a 
segment of the supply

[[Page 47549]]

chain disrupts the audit trail. By clearly stating that nonretail 
containers must be labeled with the product's organic status and the 
name of the certifying agent (both currently optional), this proposed 
amendment will ensure that all organic product in nonretail containers 
is identifiable.
    Organic products often pass through multiple handlers in the supply 
chain as they move from production source to consumer. However, the 
proposed rule does not require nonretail container labels to list the 
certifying agent of every operation that handled the product. The 
proposed amendments to Sec.  205.307 require that nonretail container 
labels list either (1) the certifying agent that certified the 
producer, or, if the product is processed, (2) the certifying agent 
that certified the operation that last processed the product.\25\ This 
means that:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ See definition of processing in Sec.  205.2 of the USDA 
organic regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1. If a product is not processed between production and sale, then 
the certifying agent of the producer must be listed on the nonretail 
container label;
    2. If a product is processed after production, then the certifying 
agent of the processer must be listed on the nonretail container label;
    3. If a product is processed sequentially by different operations 
(A, B, and C) after production, then only the certifying agent of the 
last processer (operation C) must be listed on the nonretail container 
label; and
    4. The certifying agents of operations that handle, but do not 
process, organic products after production do not need to be listed on 
the nonretail container label.
    Listing the certifying agent of the producer or last processer on 
nonretail container labels will provide a point of contact to verify 
the organic status of a product, without adding surplus information to 
the label. However, to maintain a complete audit trail, all operations 
that produced, processed, handled, or transported the organic product 
must be visible in the product's audit trail documentation.
    Clearly labeling a nonretail container with organic identification, 
certifying agent, and production lot number will ease product 
traceability during audits, help to prevent unintentional contact with 
prohibited substances (e.g., fumigation) and comingling with 
conventional product, and help to ensure accurate representation of the 
product at the point of sale. In addition, this proposed amendment is 
also expected to reduce the vulnerability to organic fraud by ensuring 
that organic product status is visible throughout the supply chain.

Request for Comment

    AMS seeks comment regarding the proposed amendments to the labeling 
of nonretail containers, specifically whether or not the certified 
operation that produced or last processed the product must be listed 
(i.e., not optional) on all nonretail container labels.

                                                                 4--On-Site Inspections
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.403(b)-(e)...........................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate paragraphs (b)-(e) as paragraphs (c)-(f).
205.403(b)...............................  Add.........................  Unannounced inspections.
205.403(b)(1)............................  Add.........................  A certifying agent must, on an annual basis, conduct unannounced inspections of
                                                                          a minimum of five percent of the operations it certifies, rounded up to the
                                                                          nearest whole number.
205.403(b)(2)............................  Add.........................  Certifying agents must be able to conduct unannounced inspections of any
                                                                          operation it certifies and must not accept applications or continue
                                                                          certification with operations located in areas where they are unable to
                                                                          conduct unannounced inspections.
205.403(c)...............................  Redesignate as 205.403(d)...  Verification of information. The on-site inspection of an operation must
                                                                          verify:
205.403(d)(4)............................  Add.........................  That sufficient quantities of organic product and ingredients are produced or
                                                                          purchased to account for organic product sold or transported; and
205.403(d)(5)............................  Add.........................  That organic products and ingredients are traceable by the operation from the
                                                                          time of production or purchase to sale or transport; and that certifying
                                                                          agents can verify traceability back to the source per Sec.   205.501(a)(21).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Unannounced Inspections

    Unannounced inspections are a critical enforcement tool for 
ensuring ongoing compliance by organic operations. AMS proposes 
amending Sec.  205.403 of the organic regulations to require a minimum 
number of unannounced inspections that certifying agents must perform 
annually. The current regulations allow for, but do not require, 
unannounced inspections, leaving this to the discretion of the 
certifying agent. NOP has issued an instruction to certifying agents 
(NOP Instruction 2609) on unannounced inspections, which recommends 
that certifying agents conduct unannounced inspections of 5 percent of 
their total certified operations per year as a tool in ensuring 
compliance with the regulations.\26\ This NOP instruction was supported 
by a recommendation made by the NOSB in December 2011.\27\ The majority 
of USDA-accredited certifying agents currently complete unannounced 
inspections at this frequency.\28\ This provision would make these 
inspections a regulatory requirement.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ NOP 2609, Instruction, Unannounced Inspections. September 
12, 2012. Available in the NOP Program Handbook: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/2609.pdf.
    \27\ NOSB Recommendation, Unannounced Inspections. December 2, 
2011. Available on the AMS website: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20CACC%20Final%20Rec%20on%20Unannounced%20Inspections.pdf.
    \28\ 42 of the 49 USDA-accredited certifying agents the NOP 
audited in calendar years 2018 and 2019 completed unannounced 
inspections of 5% of the operations they certify.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Unannounced inspections are an effective and useful tool in the 
USDA organic regulations to ensure compliance across certified 
operations and bolster consumer trust in the organic label. Therefore, 
AMS is proposing to codify a requirement for certifying agents to 
conduct a minimum number of unannounced inspections annually of 
certified operations. This proposed amendment, consistent with NOP 
Instruction 2609, would require certifying agents to conduct 
unannounced inspections annually on a minimum of 5 percent of 
operations they certify. The operations may be selected randomly, risk-
based, and/or in

[[Page 47550]]

response to a complaint or investigation. The proposed requirement 
specifies that the number of unannounced inspections should be 
calculated by rounding up to the nearest whole number, so that 
certifying agents with very few certified operations (e.g., under 20 
operations) would still be required to conduct at least one unannounced 
inspection per year.
    The OFPA requires that organic operations make their records 
available at all times for inspection by the Secretary, the certifying 
agent, and State officials (7 U.S.C. 6506(b)(1)(B)). Additionally, the 
OFPA requires that certifying agents employ a sufficient number of 
inspectors to implement the organic regulations (7 U.S.C. 6515(b)). By 
establishing a baseline requirement for unannounced inspection 
activities, AMS can verify that certifying agents employ a sufficient 
number of inspectors (i.e., enough inspectors to perform annual 
inspections and unannounced inspections) and will ensure, through 
unannounced inspections, that organic operations keep records related 
to their organic activities and comply with other requirements of the 
OFPA and the USDA organic regulations.
    AMS also proposes a requirement that certifying agents only accept 
applications for certification from operations located where the 
certifying agent is able to conduct unannounced inspections. Further, 
certifying agents must be able to conduct unannounced inspections of 
any operation it continues to certify. To ensure consistency, 
transparency, and accountability, certifying agents would be expected 
to describe the areas where they operate in the written materials they 
provide to both applicants and certified operations, and review the 
locations of all operations during their application review or annual 
review. This proposed requirement is also based on recommended practice 
in the NOP Instruction 2609 and was recommended by the NOSB in December 
2011.
    AMS proposes this requirement to ensure that all certified 
operations are subject to unannounced inspections, regardless of 
location. A certifying agent that cannot conduct unannounced 
inspections in an applicant's or certified operation's location due to 
logistical challenges, staffing, security, or other reasons, is 
considered to not have or no longer have the administrative capacity 
for certification activities in that area, consistent with Sec.  
205.501(a)(19). In this case, the certifying agent would need to 
document the specific reasons it does not have, or no longer has, the 
administrative capacity to certify in that area, and would need to 
inform the applicant or certified operation to seek certification from 
another certifying agent. If new certification is not obtained, the 
operation's certification would be suspended. This process would be 
similar to the current procedures used when a certifying agent 
surrenders its accreditation or is suspended; however, it would be 
limited to a specific well-defined location, with justifications 
specific to that area.

Supply Chain Audits During On-Site Inspections

    Additionally, AMS proposes two new requirements in Sec.  205.403 to 
clarify the responsibilities of inspectors and certifying agents 
related to on-site inspections. AMS has consistently provided training 
to certifying agents which specifies that supply chain audits must be 
conducted at on-site inspections, but the types of audits required are 
not explicit in the current regulations. Audits can help detect organic 
fraud and should be routine practice during inspections. These proposed 
audit requirements are needed to ensure that AMS can take appropriate 
action against certifying agents that are not conducting adequate 
audits during inspections.
    First, AMS proposes a requirement that certifying agents must 
verify that the quantity of organic product sold does not exceed the 
quantity of organic product that is produced or purchased. Second, AMS 
proposes a requirement that certifying agents verify that organic 
products and organic ingredients are traceable from the time of 
production or purchase to the time of sale or movement of product from 
the operation and vice versa. These new verification requirements are 
also referred to as ``mass-balance'' and ``trace-back'' audits. 
Certifying agents should determine the minimum number of products to 
review to assess whether the operation is compliant with the 
regulations. This should involve a risk-based sampling of products that 
span different time ranges and products.
    For example, the inspection of a grain milling operation is to 
include an examination of the transaction and processing records for 
various commodities and time ranges. An inspection of a manufacturer of 
organic frozen meals, or other multi-ingredient products, is to examine 
records for various types of products to cover a range of ingredients 
and production dates.
    During an on-site inspection, a certifying agent may also choose to 
conduct a broader review of an entire supply chain for an operation's 
product(s), to fulfill the proposed requirement at Sec.  205.501(a)(21) 
to conduct risk-based supply chain audits according to the certifying 
agent's written procedures to meet that audit requirement (see proposed 
Sec.  205.504(b)(7)). Full supply chain audits are discussed in more 
detail later in this proposed rule.
    The OFPA requires that organic operations maintain all records 
associated with the production and handling of organic products and 
make these records available to certifying agents at all times (7 
U.S.C. 6519(a) and 6506(b)(1)(B)). The proposed inspection requirements 
support the review and verification of these required records.

                                                          5--Certificates of Organic Operation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  INTEGRITY. The National Organic Program's electronic, web-based reporting tool
                                                                          for the submission of data, completion of certificates of organic operation,
                                                                          and other information, or its successors.
205.404(b)...............................  Revise......................  The certifying agent must issue a certificate of organic operation. The
                                                                          certificate of organic operation must be generated from INTEGRITY and may be
                                                                          provided to certified operations electronically.
205.404(c)...............................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate as paragraph (d).
205.404(c)...............................  Add.........................  In addition to the certificate of organic operation provided for in Sec.
                                                                          205.404(b), a certifying agent may issue its own addenda to the certificate of
                                                                          organic operation. If issued, any addenda must include:
                                                                         (1) Name, address, and contact information for the certified operation;

[[Page 47551]]

 
                                                                         (2) The certified operation's unique ID number/code that corresponds to the
                                                                          certified operation's ID number/code in USDA Organic INTEGRITY;
                                                                         (3) A link to USDA Organic INTEGRITY or a link to the certified operation's
                                                                          profile in USDA Organic INTEGRITY, along with a statement, ``You may verify
                                                                          the certification of this operation at USDA Organic INTEGRITY,'' or a similar
                                                                          statement;
                                                                         (4) Name, address, and contact information of the certifying agent;
                                                                         (5) ``Addendum issue date;'' and
                                                                         (6) ``Addendum expiration date,'' which must not exceed the expiration date of
                                                                          the certificate of organic operation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The certificate of organic operation (``organic certificate'') 
communicates information about the organic certification of an 
operation and the raw and processed products it is permitted to 
represent as organic. The proposed rule would require certifying agents 
to provide organic certificates that are uniform in appearance. To 
achieve this uniformity, the proposed rule would require that 
certifying agents create and provide organic certificates that are 
generated from a USDA-hosted electronic web-based system known as the 
Organic INTEGRITY Database (``INTEGRITY''). In this way, AMS would be 
responsible for the functionality of INTEGRITY and ensure consistent 
content and style of all organic certificates. Buyers of organic 
products would be able to recognize and validate legitimate organic 
certificates. This is currently difficult due to wide variability in 
the content and style of certifying agent-generated organic 
certificates.
    The appearance and format of current organic certificates vary 
depending upon which certifying agent issued the organic certificate. 
Currently, AMS accredits almost 80 certifying agents; only a few create 
organic certificates through INTEGRITY. As a result, more than 70 
distinct formats of organic certificates exist in the market. This 
variation increases the chance of alteration and organic fraud. In 
addition, AMS consistently cites noncompliances to certifying agents 
who do not currently include all the required information on their own 
organic certificates. Of the 49 USDA-accredited certifying agents 
audited by the NOP in calendar years 2018 and 2019, 16 were cited for 
issuing organic certificates not consistent with USDA organic 
regulation and instruction. The use of a uniform organic certificate 
generated through INTEGRITY would eliminate these inconsistencies.
    The changes are proposed under AMS' authority provided in the OFPA 
to establish a program for organic certification (7 U.S.C. 6503(a)) and 
to facilitate interstate commerce of organic foods (7 U.S.C. 6501(3)). 
The proposed changes are also consistent with recommendations made by 
the NOSB between 2005 and 2007, including a recommendation that all 
certifying agents use a common database to issue and maintain organic 
certificates and that organic certificates include expiration 
dates.\29\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \29\ NOSB Formal Recommendation: Information on Certificates of 
Organic Operation, March 2005: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOSB%20Rec%20Standardize%20Organic%20Certifications%20Certificates.pdf.
    NOSB Formal Recommendation: Expiration Dates on Certificates of 
Organic Operation, November 2006: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20Final%20Rec%20Use%20of%20Expiration%20Dates%20on%20Certificates%20of%20Organic%20Op.pdf.
    NOSB Formal Recommendation: Standardized Certificates, November 
2007: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20Final%20Rec%20Standardization%20of%20Certificates.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Organic INTEGRITY Database

    The OFPA was amended in 2014 to, among other things, require the 
USDA to modernize database and technology systems. To that end, the NOP 
created the Organic Integrity Database. INTEGRITY contains information 
about certified operations as well as information about operations that 
have surrendered their organic certification or had their organic 
certification suspended or revoked. The data or information is provided 
directly from certifying agents. The information can be viewed and 
searched by the general public online at https://organic.ams.usda.gov/Integrity/Default.aspx.

INTEGRITY and Organic Certificates

    In 2016, NOP enhanced the functionality of INTEGRITY to allow for 
the generation of organic certificates. When the currently optional 
function is activated, INTEGRITY generates a one-page organic 
certificate and an accompanying detailed product list (together 
referred to as the ``organic certificate''). Few certifying agents 
currently use INTEGRITY to generate organic certificates. This proposed 
rule would require all certifying agents to generate organic 
certificates through INTEGRITY. Foreign-based certifying agents that 
are accredited to and certify operations to the USDA organic 
regulations would be required to enter data in INTEGRITY to generate 
the organic certificates for USDA-certified operations. The proposed 
changes would adopt a March 2005 NOSB recommendation that the NOP 
establish a common database for all certifying agents to issue and 
maintain organic certificates and that the database allow certifying 
agents to upload data from their existing systems.\30\ INTEGRITY is the 
system that certifying agents would use to perform these functions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \30\ NOSB Formal Recommendation: Information on Certificates of 
Organic Operation; March 2005: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOSB%20Rec%20Standardize%20Organic%20Certifications%20Certificates.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Once created in INTEGRITY, an organic certificate is available 
online via a unique link where it can be electronically downloaded or 
printed as a hard copy. A permalink to the online certificate is 
included on every organic certificate, including downloaded and printed 
organic certificates. If an operation's certification has been 
suspended, revoked, or surrendered, information from the linked web 
page will indicate that a valid organic certificate is no longer 
available.
    AMS expects the proposed changes would promote access to robust 
information about individual operations and support timely verification 
of the organic status of operations and products. Additionally, we 
expect the changes would encourage a move toward sharing of real-time 
electronic documents and away from paper-based documents, which can 
quickly become outdated and can be more easily falsified. AMS also 
expects that the proposed change would reduce the administrative burden 
on operations in the supply chain that must verify the validity of 
organic certificates,

[[Page 47552]]

especially for companies that purchase from many different organic 
operations.
    Certifying agents that are not currently using INTEGRITY to 
generate organic certificates would need to modify their practices to 
routinely enter information in INTEGRITY before issuing organic 
certificates. Specifically, these certifying agents may need to provide 
additional information in INTEGRITY to populate all fields that appear 
on the organic certificate, including: Effective date of certification 
status, scope of organic certification (e.g., crops, handling), details 
about certified products (e.g., organic labeling category, brands), 
acreage, and livestock details. AMS would be responsible for the 
functionality of INTEGRITY, including the style and content of organic 
certificates.

Expiration Dates on Organic Certificates

    The USDA organic regulations do not currently require expiration 
dates on organic certificates, and an operation's organic certification 
does not expire--once granted, it may only be suspended, revoked, or 
surrendered. Through this proposed rule, AMS intends to include 
certificate expiration dates on the organic certificates generated via 
INTEGRITY. AMS sees this as an important measure to establish a clear 
and consistent method for assessing whether an organic certificate is 
current and valid. This change was recommended by the NOSB in a 
November 11, 2006 recommendation titled ``Expiration Dates on 
Certificates of Organic Operation.'' \31\ Expiration dates would ensure 
the data on an organic certificate is up to date and current. Using 
current (i.e., unexpired) certificates would support verification of an 
operation's organic status. Expiration dates are intended to prompt the 
generation of an updated organic certificate, rather than to void or 
have any effect on the operation's certification status; an operation 
could remain certified even if their organic certificate has expired.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ NOSB Formal Recommendation: Expiration Dates on 
Certificates of Organic Operation, November 2006: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20Final%20Rec%20Use%20of%20Expiration%20Dates%20on%20Certificates%20of%20Organic%20Op.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS intends to allow organic certificates to remain valid for 12 
months from the date they are issued. The expiration date would be 
calculated automatically by INTEGRITY and appear on all organic 
certificates. Certifying agents could validate information and create a 
new organic certificate in INTEGRITY at any time to generate a new 
organic certificate with a new expiration dated 12 months from the 
creation of the certificate. AMS believes this flexibility would allow 
certified operations to obtain valid organic certificates from their 
certifying agent in a timely fashion. Operations that are certified 
(i.e., that have not surrendered their certification or had their 
certification suspended or revoked) would continue to have a right to 
obtain a valid organic certificate from their certifying agent to 
demonstrate their certification.

Allowance for Additional Addenda to Certificates of Organic Operation

    AMS recognizes that certifying agents have invested in systems to 
create their own unique addenda to organic certificates; AMS is not 
seeking to eliminate these unique sources of value offered by 
certifying agents. Under the proposed rule, certifying agents could 
continue to provide their own certification addenda that would 
communicate additional information about an operation's certification 
in a different format than generated by INTEGRITY.
    For example, an addendum may include information about the 
compliance of the operation's crops or products with various 
international organic standards that may not be included on the 
INTEGRITY organic certificate. AMS is proposing six required elements 
(proposed Sec.  205.404(c)) on any organic certificate addenda issued 
by certifying agents to deter organic fraud and provide consistency 
across certifying agents. Primarily, the proposed requirements are 
intended to ensure that someone viewing the document is aware that the 
certification may be verified in INTEGRITY.
    As with organic certificates from INTEGRITY, this proposed rule 
requires that any organic certificate addenda include an expiration 
date. Certifying agents would need to ensure that the expiration date 
of the addendum does not extend beyond the expiration date of the most 
recent organic certificate generated by INTEGRITY, to ensure an 
operation does not simultaneously possess a valid addendum and an 
expired organic certificate, which could cause confusion.

Request for Comment

    AMS seeks comment on the proposed amendments regarding certificates 
of organic operation discussed above, including answers to the 
following questions:
    1. How frequently should accredited certifying agents update the 
information in an operation's organic certificate?
    2. Should a minimum reporting frequency (e.g., monthly, quarterly, 
etc.) be added to the regulations?
    3. Should an expiration date be included on all certificates of 
organic operation? Would this make them more useful?

                                                            6--Continuation of Certification
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.406(a)...............................  Revise......................  To continue certification, a certified operation must annually pay the
                                                                          certification fees and submit the following information to the certifying
                                                                          agent:
                                                                         (1) A summary statement, supported by documentation, detailing any deviations
                                                                          from, changes to, modifications to, or other amendments made to the organic
                                                                          system plan submitted during the previous year; and
                                                                         (2) Any additions or deletions to the previous year's organic system plan,
                                                                          intended to be undertaken in the coming year, detailed pursuant to Sec.
                                                                          205.201;
                                                                         (3) Any additions to or deletions from the information required pursuant to
                                                                          Sec.   205.401(b); and
                                                                         (4) Other information as deemed necessary by the certifying agent to determine
                                                                          compliance with the Act and the regulations in this part.
205.406(b)...............................  Revise......................  The certifying agent must arrange and conduct an on-site inspection, pursuant
                                                                          to Sec.   205.403, of the certified operation at least once per calendar year.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 47553]]

    AMS proposes amending Sec.  205.406 to clarify the annual update 
requirements for certified operations and to clarify that certifying 
agents must conduct annual inspections of certified operations.
    The current regulations require that certified operations annually 
submit an updated organic production or handling system plan (Sec.  
205.400(b)). Some certifying agents require that certified operations 
submit an organic system plan (OSP) in its entirety every year, while 
other certifying agents only require that operations annually submit 
revisions to the OSP. Clarifying in the regulations that operations are 
only required to submit sections of the OSP that have changed will 
eliminate unnecessary paperwork without compromising oversight of 
organic operations. The NOP previously described this approach in 
published certifying agent Instructions (NOP 2615 and NOP 2601).\32\ 
These proposed changes are necessary to ensure legal enforceability, 
consistent practices between certifying agents, and reduce the 
paperwork burden of organic certification. The proposed changes in this 
section will not impact the requirements for certified operations to 
maintain an updated OSP or the requirement for an operation to notify 
their certifying agent of changes in their operation that may affect 
its compliance with the organic regulations (Sec.  205.400(f)). 
Further, the on-site inspection must verify that the entire OSP is 
implemented as described.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \32\ NOP 2601 The Organic Certification Process, December 16, 
2013: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/2601.pdf.
    NOP 2615 Organic System Plans, Organic System Plan Updates, and 
Notification of Changes, December 16, 2013: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/2615.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS also proposes removing current paragraph Sec.  205.406(a)(3) to 
reduce paperwork and simplify the certification process. Section 
205.406(a)(3) requires that certified operations provide, along with 
their annual update, an update on the correction of minor 
noncompliances previously identified by the certifying agent as 
requiring correction for continued certification. This requirement is 
duplicative and unnecessary, as certifying agents (when issuing a 
notice of noncompliance) must specify a date by which a certified 
operation must rebut or correct noncompliances (Sec. Sec.  
205.662(a)(3) and 205.404(a)). Certifying agents should establish this 
due date in accordance with the severity of the noncompliance. If a 
certified operation does not resolve noncompliances by the due date, 
their certifying agent should take further action (i.e., issue a notice 
of proposed suspension); therefore, AMS sees no benefit to requiring a 
partial response (i.e., an update) as part of the annual renewal. While 
removing this requirement, AMS proposes to maintain the allowance in 
this section for certifying agents to require other information from 
certified operations during the annual renewal process that they 
determine is necessary to assess compliance. AMS believes this will 
provide certifying agents with the flexibility they require to verify 
compliance.
    Additionally, AMS proposes revising paragraph Sec.  205.406(b) to 
simplify the regulatory text and to clarify that inspections are to be 
conducted on an annual basis. Current requirements at paragraph (b) 
could be interpreted to mean that an operation may be inspected once 
every 18 months on an ongoing basis (i.e., two inspections over a 36-
month period compared to three inspections if conducted annually). 
Revision of paragraph (b) would clarify that all certified operations 
must be inspected at least annually, regardless of (1) when the 
certified operation was last inspected and (2) when, or if, the 
certified operation provided its annual updates. Additional inspections 
may be needed to ensure full compliance of complex operations (e.g., 
during and outside the grazing season for livestock operations). This 
requirement does not replace the need for additional unannounced 
inspections.
    This revision would allow certifying agents flexibility to conduct 
on-site inspections at any time during the year (essential for 
verifying activities throughout the growing season, for example) while 
ensuring that an inspection is conducted every single calendar year. 
Annual inspection cycles are essential to vigilant oversight and AMS 
seeks to eliminate confusion around and deviations from alternative 
timing of on-site inspections.

                                                      7--Paperwork Submissions to the Administrator
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Section                                Current text                          Action                          Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.405(c)(3).........................  Provide notice of approval or denial to     Remove..................
                                         the Administrator, pursuant to Sec.
                                         205.501(a)(14).
205.501(a)(15)........................  Submit to the Administrator a copy of:      Revise..................  Maintain current and accurate data in
                                                                                                               INTEGRITY for each operation which it
                                                                                                               certifies;
                                        (i) Any notice of denial of certification
                                         issued pursuant to Sec.   205.405,
                                         notification of noncompliance,
                                         notification of noncompliance correction,
                                         notification of proposed suspension or
                                         revocation, and notification of
                                         suspension or revocation sent pursuant to
                                         Sec.   205.662 simultaneously with its
                                         issuance; and
                                        (ii) A list, on January 2 of each year,
                                         including the name, address, and
                                         telephone number of each operation
                                         granted certification during the
                                         preceding year;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes amending Sec.  205.405 and Sec.  205.501 to reduce the 
paperwork burden of accredited certifying agents. In addition, AMS is 
proposing that certifying agents must maintain current data in 
INTEGRITY on all operations which they certify. The availability of 
accurate and current information about certified operations is an 
essential tool for certifying agents and operations in the organic 
supply chain to support the verification of specific organic products.
    The proposed removal of paragraph (c)(3) of Sec.  205.405 will 
eliminate the need to provide notices of approval or denial of 
certification to the Administrator following the issuance of a notice 
of noncompliance to an applicant for certification. The proposed rule 
would also amend provisions at Sec.  205.501(a)(15) regarding 
information

[[Page 47554]]

that accredited certifying agents must submit to the Administrator. The 
proposal removes the requirement for submission of any notices of 
denial of certification, notifications of noncompliance, notification 
of noncompliance correction, notification of proposed suspension or 
revocation, or notification of suspension or revocation. Also, the 
proposed rule removes the annual requirement for certifying agents to 
submit by January 2 an annual list of operations certified during the 
preceding year.
    These two requirements will be replaced by a requirement for 
certifying agents to maintain updated data in INTEGRITY for each 
operation they certify; these mandatory data requirements will include 
listings of items and certified acreage, among other data fields. This 
proposed rule would require certifying agents to generate organic 
certificates in INTEGRITY, as discussed above in the proposed 
amendments to Sec.  205.404. The organic industry, including certifying 
agents, certified operations, consumers, AMS, and other regulatory 
agencies, use INTEGRITY to confirm the certification status of an 
operation, organic status of a product, find product information about 
specific operations, and obtain data for investigation and enforcement. 
Timely updates to maintain data reflecting an operation's current 
status, including certified products and acreage, is critical to 
commerce and enforcement. As discussed later in this proposed rule, 
amendments to Sec.  205.662 would require certifying agents to update 
INTEGRITY within three business days of accepting an operation's 
surrender, or suspending or revoking an operation's certification.
    AMS believes the availability of complete data on certified 
operations, including complete information on certified items and 
acreage, will reduce the time certifying agents and AMS spend 
responding to inquiries about specific operations and will enable 
interested parties to obtain information with less time and effort. 
Therefore, we propose including INTEGRITY reporting as a general 
requirement for accreditation to reinforce that data reporting is a 
mandatory practice.

                                                        8--Personnel Training and Qualifications
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Certification review. The act of reviewing and evaluating a certified operation
                                                                          or applicant for certification and determining compliance with the USDA
                                                                          organic regulations. This does not include performing an inspection.
205.501(a)(4)............................  Revise......................  Continuously use a sufficient number of qualified and adequately trained
                                                                          personnel, including inspectors and persons who conduct certification review,
                                                                          to comply with and implement the USDA organic standards;
                                                                         (i) Certifying agents must demonstrate that all inspectors, including staff,
                                                                          volunteers, and contractors, have the required knowledge, skills, and
                                                                          experience to inspect operations of the scope and scale as assigned and to
                                                                          evaluate compliance with the applicable regulations of this part; and
                                                                         (A) Certifying agents must demonstrate that inspectors continuously maintain
                                                                          adequate knowledge and skills about the current USDA organic standards,
                                                                          production and handling practices, certification and inspection, import and/or
                                                                          export requirements, auditing practices and skills in written and oral
                                                                          communications, sample collection, investigation techniques, and preparation
                                                                          of technically accurate inspection documents; and
                                                                         (B) Initially and every year thereafter, inspectors must demonstrate successful
                                                                          completion of a minimum of 20 hours of training in topics that are relevant to
                                                                          inspection. Training may include material delivered via the NOP learning
                                                                          management system, certifying agents, or other relevant training provider; and
                                                                         (C) Certifying agents must demonstrate that inspectors have a minimum of 1 year
                                                                          of field-based experience related to both the scope and scale of operations
                                                                          they will inspect before assigning inspection responsibilities;
                                                                         (ii) Certifying agents must demonstrate that all persons who conduct
                                                                          certification review, including staff, volunteers, or contractors, have the
                                                                          knowledge, skills, and experience required to perform certification review of
                                                                          operations of the scope and scale assigned and to evaluate compliance with the
                                                                          applicable regulations of this part; and
                                                                         (A) Certifying agents must demonstrate that all certification review personnel
                                                                          continuously maintain adequate knowledge and skills in the current USDA
                                                                          organic standards, certification and compliance processes, and practices
                                                                          applicable to the type, volume, and range of review activities assigned; and
                                                                         (B) Initially and every year thereafter, all persons who conduct certification
                                                                          review activities must demonstrate successful completion of a minimum of 20
                                                                          hours of training in topics that are relevant to certification review.
                                                                          Training may include material delivered via the NOP learning management
                                                                          system, certifying agents, or other relevant training provider; and
                                                                         (iii) Certifying agents must maintain current training requirements, training
                                                                          procedures, and training records for all inspectors and persons who conduct
                                                                          certification review activities.
205.501(a)(5)............................  Revise......................  Demonstrate that all persons with inspection or certification review
                                                                          responsibilities have sufficient expertise in organic production or handling
                                                                          techniques to successfully perform the duties assigned;
                                                                         (i) Sufficient expertise must include knowledge of certification to USDA
                                                                          organic standards and evidence of formal education, training, or professional
                                                                          experience in the fields of agriculture, science, or organic production and
                                                                          handling that directly relates to assigned duties.
205.501(a)(6)............................  Revise......................  Conduct an annual performance evaluation of all persons who conduct
                                                                          inspections, certification review, or implement measures to correct any
                                                                          deficiencies in certification services;
                                                                         (i) On-site evaluation of inspectors--Certifying agents must observe each
                                                                          inspector performing on-site inspections at least once every three years, or
                                                                          more frequently if warranted; and

[[Page 47555]]

 
                                                                         (A) On-site inspector evaluations must be performed by certifying agent
                                                                          personnel who are qualified to evaluate inspectors;
                                                                         (ii) Certifying agents must maintain documented policies, procedures, and
                                                                          records for annual performance evaluations and on-site inspector evaluations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The USDA organic regulations at 7 CFR 205.501, General Requirements 
for Accreditation, require certifying agents and their inspection and 
certification personnel to have sufficient expertise in organic 
production and handling techniques to fully comply with and implement 
the USDA organic regulations. The OFPA establishes AMS' authority to 
modify the USDA organic regulations at 7 CFR 205.501. The proposed rule 
amends Sec.  205.501 to specify minimum qualifications and training 
requirements for inspectors and persons who perform certification 
review activities. The OFPA states that to be accredited as a 
certifying agent, the certifying agent will have sufficient expertise 
in organic farming and handling techniques as determined by the 
Secretary (7 U.S.C. 6514(b)(2)).
    Organic inspectors and review staff are the most direct form of 
enforcement and verification in the organic system. Inspectors protect 
organic integrity by inspecting certified organic operations onsite and 
reporting their findings to certifying agents. Persons performing 
certification review activities also ensure organic integrity by 
reviewing organic system plans, inputs, inspection reports, and other 
certification documents. It is essential that these personnel have 
knowledge, skills, and experience related to the scope and scale of the 
organic operations they inspect and review. The role of inspectors and 
reviewers has grown more critical as organic operations and supply 
chains become more complex and diverse.
    The USDA organic regulations currently require that certifying 
agents ``have sufficient expertise in organic production or handling 
techniques,'' and maintain ``a sufficient number of adequately trained 
personnel.'' However, the regulations lack specific detail about 
qualifications, experience, and continual training for inspectors and 
reviewers. Certifying agents set their own policies and minimum 
qualifications to hire inspectors and reviewers. This can result in 
variability of inspection and certification review between certifying 
agents. Further, many inspectors are independent contractors who are 
responsible for establishing and maintaining their own knowledge base. 
This diversity of background and training creates an inconsistent 
baseline of knowledge and skill, exposing a potential weakness at one 
of the most critical points in the organic certification system.
    This proposed rule would clearly define expertise requirements to 
ensure that all inspectors are capable of verifying an organic 
operation's compliance with the USDA organic regulations. The 
requirements would ensure that all inspectors can identify non-
compliant or fraudulent practices when observed during inspection and 
produce a technically accurate inspection report that is sent to the 
certifying agent. The requirements would also ensure that persons 
performing certification review are competent in identifying any non-
compliant or fraudulent practices of operations when reviewing 
inspection reports prepared by an inspector, organic system plans, or 
other certification documents. Examples of certification review 
includes reviewing applications for certification, reviewing 
certification documents, evaluating qualifications for certification, 
making recommendations concerning certification, or making 
certification decisions and implementing measures to correct any 
deficiencies in certification services. Establishing baseline criteria 
for qualifications and training of inspectors and certification review 
personnel would create a uniform level of scrutiny in inspections and 
certification compliance reviews for all USDA certified organic 
operations, leading to greater consistency and integrity in organic 
certification.
    In a 2012 memo, the NOP notified certifying agents that all 
inspectors and reviewers, whether staff or independent contractors, 
must possess the expertise and qualifications needed to evaluate 
compliance with the USDA organic standards.\33\ During audits performed 
twice every five years, AMS has observed that inspectors and 
certification review staff currently receive at least 10 hours of 
training per year from certifying agents on topics related to the USDA 
organic regulations.\34\ In 2018, the NOSB provided recommendations for 
the specific qualification and training requirements for inspectors and 
persons performing certification review.\35\ AMS has considered these 
recommendations and determined that the proposed changes align with the 
OFPA and would bolster the integrity of organic products.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ NOP Memo: Criteria and Qualifications for Organic 
Inspectors; April 2012: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP-Notice-OrganicInspectorCriteria.pdf.
    \34\ Paperwork burden attributed to current training is 
accounted for in the NOP's 2020 Information Collections Renewal 
(ICR) (AMS-NOP-19-0090; OMB Control #: 0581-0191). Also, please see 
Paperwork Reduction Act chapter and Information Collection Request 
(ICR) package associated with this proposed rule for additional 
details regarding this proposed burden.
    \35\ NOSB Formal Recommendation, Inspector Qualifications and 
Training, May 29, 2018: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/CACSInspectorQualificationsRec.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The USDA organic regulations stipulate that accredited certifying 
agents must have sufficient expertise in organic production and 
handling techniques to fully comply with and implement the terms and 
conditions of the organic certification program. The regulations at 
Sec.  205.501(a)(4) require that certifying agents use a sufficient 
number of adequately trained personnel, including inspectors and 
certification review personnel, to comply with and fully implement the 
organic certification program. It is essential that certifying agents 
maintain adequate staffing levels and the range of expertise needed to 
perform the full range of certification activities, including 
inspections and reviews. This includes maintaining an inspection staff 
to timely complete initial on-site inspections, annual inspections for 
all operations it certifies, unannounced inspections on a minimum of 5 
percent of the operations it certifies annually, and any other 
inspections that may be warranted for investigations or reinstatements. 
If certifying agents reduce staffing levels, if the number of certified 
operations increases, or if certifying agents add new certification 
scopes to the certification services they provide, then the number and 
qualifications of personnel used by certifying agents may become 
insufficient to fully comply with the organic regulations.

[[Page 47556]]

    Therefore, this proposed rule amends Sec.  205.501(a)(4) to clarify 
that certifying agents must continuously use a sufficient number of 
qualified and adequately trained personnel. This proposed rule also 
specifies and strengthens requirements for organic inspectors and 
certification review personnel. These additional qualification and 
training requirements will help certifying agents meet their obligation 
to provide sufficient expertise in organic production and handling 
techniques. The new proposed requirements would specify the areas of 
knowledge, skills, and expertise required for certifying agents in 
using adequately trained inspection and certification review personnel 
for organic inspection and review activities.

Inspector Qualifications and Training

    The regulations at Sec.  205.501(a)(4) currently do not contain 
requirements for specific qualifications or training of inspectors. 
Certifying agents depend on qualified inspectors who are experienced 
with the complexity of the organic market to verify the integrity of 
organic products. Organic inspections, a critical component for 
ensuring organic integrity, are an assessment of an entire production 
system, not just the final product. Therefore, when conducting organic 
inspections, inspectors must continuously maintain adequate knowledge 
and skills about the current USDA organic standards, production and 
handling practices, certification and inspection, import and/or export 
requirements, auditing practices and skills in written and oral 
communications, sample collection, investigation techniques, and 
preparation of technically accurate inspection documents. In addition, 
the knowledge, skills, and experience in these areas must be relevant 
to the scope and scale of the operation seeking or continuing organic 
certification.
    Given that certifying agents may use a variety of inspectors, 
including staff, volunteers, and contract inspectors, there is 
variability in the level of experience and qualifications of inspectors 
performing the key function of ensuring organic integrity at the source 
of production and through the supply chain. This proposed rule adds 
subparagraph (i) requiring certifying agents to ensure all inspectors 
have the level of knowledge, skills, and experience needed to conduct 
the specific inspections assigned, based on the scope and scale of the 
operations to be inspected. The proposed rule clarifies that the 
requirement applies not only to staff inspectors, but to all inspectors 
(i.e., including volunteers and contractors) and further requires 
certifying agents to provide evidence of inspectors' qualifications, 
matching the scope and scale of inspection assignments.
    This proposed rule at Sec.  205.501(a)(4)(i)(A) describes the 
general scope of the knowledge and skills required for inspectors to be 
deemed adequately qualified. Inspections of organic operations provide 
information to certifying agents to verify whether the practices and 
inputs used in an operation's implemented organic system plan are 
compliant with the USDA organic regulations. To ensure an adequate 
organic inspection, each inspector must be knowledgeable and competent 
both in inspection and auditing procedures, as well as in the processes 
of organic certification and inspection. Organic inspectors must know 
the USDA organic regulations and have expertise in the scope of the 
agricultural or processing system (i.e., crops, wild crops, livestock, 
or handling) being inspected.
    In addition, inspectors must have sufficient knowledge of organic 
and general agricultural practices, as well as a general awareness of 
other rules and regulations that may be applicable to the operation 
being inspected. Qualified organic inspectors must also have skills in 
written and oral communications, auditing, investigation and 
observation techniques which support fraud detection, and sample 
collection. Inspectors must be proficient in orally communicating 
inspection findings both during the inspection closing meeting with the 
inspected operation, and in writing to provide detailed and technically 
accurate descriptions of the inspection findings in the report to the 
certifying agent. The inspection report is a critical tool used by 
certifying agents to verify if on-site practices are in compliance with 
the USDA organic regulations. As such, the quality and depth of the 
inspection report directly affects the integrity of organic products. 
An adequately qualified inspector would know how to independently apply 
knowledge in the above areas to assess whether an operation is 
complying with all applicable parts of the regulations and clearly 
communicate those findings to the certifying agent.
    AMS proposes strengthening and specifying training requirements to 
Sec.  205.501(a)(4)(i)(B) for all inspectors currently inspecting 
organic operations or seeking to become qualified to conduct organic 
inspections. For inspectors to remain qualified or to become qualified 
in any scope of organic inspection, they must obtain and continuously 
update knowledge, skills, and experience relevant to the types of 
operations they inspect. Organic training hours should include: Organic 
and general agricultural practices; USDA organic regulations and 
guidance; inputs allowed for organic production and handling (i.e., 
changes to the National List); new technology that may be used in 
organic production and handling; investigation and auditing techniques; 
and new developments in marketing organic products. To ensure 
consistency in inspector training and qualifications across the organic 
industry, this proposed rule requires that inspectors initially, and 
every year thereafter, complete at least 20 hours of training that may 
include material delivered via the NOP learning management system, 
certifying agents, or other relevant training providers.
    In their 2018 recommendation, NOSB did not specify the number of 
hours of training that inspectors must complete annually. However, they 
requested that the NOP set the minimum training guidelines. A minimum 
of 20 hours of annual training for inspectors is consistent with 
standards established by other agencies or organizations (e.g., 
Preventive Controls Qualified Individuals per 2011 Food Safety 
Modernization Act; ISO 9001 Global Certified Lead Auditor). The 
proposed training requirements will ensure that inspectors meet the 
training requirements recommended by the NOSB, which state that 
continuing education is essential to ``professional competence.'' \36\ 
Establishing baseline training criteria for inspectors across the 
organic industry is essential for ensuring that compliance with USDA 
organic standards would be assessed in all sectors of this rapidly 
growing and diversifying global industry. Additionally, requiring 
inspectors to continuously supplement their knowledge with a minimum 
annual training requirement is vital to ensuring the integrity of 
organic products amidst rapidly changing technologies and product 
supply chain practices.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \36\ NOSB Formal Recommendation, Inspector Qualifications and 
Training, May 29, 2018: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/CACSInspectorQualificationsRec.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Each scope of organic certification, as well as the scale and type 
of operation being inspected, provides different challenges to ensuring 
a comprehensive and sufficient organic inspection. Inspectors who are 
inexperienced with an agricultural production or handling system may 
underestimate the scale of an operation or may miss components of

[[Page 47557]]

that system during the inspection. Varied quality of inspections can 
result in an inconsistent organic certification process. In addition, 
to enhance inspection consistency and organic certification integrity, 
this rule proposes to add the requirement, in Sec.  
205.501(a)(4)(i)(C), that certifying agents must ensure and demonstrate 
an inspector has a minimum of one year of on-site experience related to 
the scope and size of the operation being inspected. The proposed 
requirement aligns with recommendations developed by the NOSB.

Certification Review Personnel Qualifications and Training

    The regulations in Sec.  205.501(a)(4) currently do not contain 
requirements for specific qualifications or training of persons who 
conduct certification review. Certification review personnel are 
critical to ensuring organic integrity. Certification review activities 
include, but are not limited to, review of organic system plans, inputs 
(e.g., production aids, fertilizers, pesticides), seeds, planting 
stock, inspection reports, and residue tests for compliance with the 
USDA organic standards. Certification review personnel are responsible 
for verifying whether the procedures being implemented at the point of 
production or handling are compliant with the USDA organic standards. 
Certification review personnel must continuously maintain adequate 
knowledge about the current USDA organic standards, certification and 
compliance processes, and practices applicable to the type, volume, and 
range of review activities assigned. The level of knowledge, skills, 
and experience of certification review personnel must be relevant to 
the scope and scale of the operations seeking or continuing organic 
certification.
    In addition, certification review personnel play a crucial role in 
determining if an operation is granted organic certification initially, 
if continued certification is warranted, and/or if issuing a non-
compliance, proposed suspension, or revocation. In cases where an 
operation has been issued a non-compliance or has been suspended, the 
certification review personnel determine if sufficient corrective 
actions have been taken to bring the operation into compliance. As 
such, the certification review personnel are integral to maintaining 
organic integrity. Therefore, this proposed rule adds a requirement at 
Sec.  205.501(a)(4)(ii) that certifying agents are responsible for 
demonstrating that all certification review personnel, whether staff, 
volunteers, or contractors, have the knowledge, skills, and experience 
needed to conduct the specific reviews assigned.
    This proposed rule at Sec.  205.501(a)(4)(ii)(A) specifies the 
types of knowledge and essential skills in which certification review 
personnel must be proficient to be deemed qualified. To verify the 
integrity of organic products, reviewers must be knowledgeable and 
competent in current USDA organic regulations, guidance, and 
instructions; certification procedures; and practices specific to the 
type, volume, and range of review activities assigned by the certifying 
agent. To remain current with changes in technology, new developments 
in marketing or importing organic products, changes in organic 
standards, novel input materials, or changes to the National List, 
reviewers must continuously update knowledge, skills, and experience 
directly related to their specific review responsibilities.
    To ensure consistency in reviewer training and qualifications 
across the organic industry, this proposed rule in Sec.  
205.501(a)(4)(ii)(B) requires that all persons conducting certification 
review activities initially, and every year thereafter, complete at 
least 20 hours of training that can include material delivered via the 
NOP learning management system, certifying agents, or other relevant 
training providers. A minimum of 20 hours of annual training for 
certification review personnel is consistent with training required by 
other agencies or organizations (e.g., Preventive Controls Qualified 
Individuals per 2011 Food Safety Modernization Act; ISO 9001 Global 
Certified Lead Auditor). Establishing baseline training criteria for 
certification review personnel across the organic industry is essential 
for ensuring that compliance with USDA organic standards would be 
assessed in all sectors of this rapidly growing and diversifying global 
industry. Additionally, requiring certification review personnel to 
continuously supplement their knowledge with a minimum annual training 
requirement is vital to ensuring the integrity of organic products 
amidst rapidly changing technologies and product supply chain 
practices.

Documented Training Requirements and Procedures

    The current regulations at Sec.  205.504(a) require certifying 
agents to provide descriptions of personnel qualifications and training 
but do not contain requirements for documenting training procedures. 
This proposed rule adds Sec.  205.501(a)(4)(iii) to require certifying 
agents to maintain current documented training requirements, 
procedures, and records for all inspectors and certification review 
personnel. This requirement would enable the NOP to verify if 
accredited certifying agents are meeting the requirement in Sec.  
205.501(a)(4) to maintain a sufficient number of qualified and 
adequately trained personnel to comply with and implement the organic 
certification program established under the Act.

Expertise

    The regulations in Sec.  205.501(a)(5) require that certifying 
agents ensure that all persons with inspection, analysis, and decision-
making responsibilities have sufficient expertise in organic production 
and handling techniques. However, the regulations currently do not 
contain requirements for specific expertise areas needed to ensure the 
integrity of organic products. This proposed rule adds Sec.  
205.501(a)(5)(i) to clarify the areas of expertise required. The change 
specifies that expertise must include knowledge of certification to 
USDA organic standards, as well as evidence of formal education, 
training, or professional experience in the fields of agriculture, 
science, or organic production and handling that directly relates to 
assigned duties. This clarification will assist certifying agents in 
evaluating potential hires for adequate expertise needed to perform 
certification duties. The added specificity regarding areas of 
expertise and the need for formal education or training aligns with 
recommendations proposed by the NOSB.\37\ AMS evaluated the proposed 
recommendations and found them to be consistent with the OFPA and 
therefore has included similar requirements in this proposed rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \37\ ``Training and Oversight of Inspector and Certification 
Review Personnel'' proposal, August 17, 2018: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/CACSTrainingOversightInspectorsProposalOct2018Web.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Performance Evaluations

    The proposed rule also revises the requirements for annual 
performance evaluations, described in Sec.  205.501(a)(6), to include 
requirements for regular field evaluation of inspectors and 
documentation of annual performance and field evaluation procedures and 
results. The proposed rule amends Sec.  205.501(a)(6) to clarify the 
requirements for annual performance evaluations conducted by accredited 
certifying agents. Subparagraph (i) is added to address the evaluation 
of inspectors while performing on-site inspections. The proposed rule 
ensures that inspectors

[[Page 47558]]

are evaluated regularly in the field (i.e., while performing an 
inspection on a farm, in a processing facility, etc.). The proposed 
change specifies a minimum frequency of every three years for on-site 
inspection evaluation, unless higher frequency is warranted based on 
experience level or past performance of the individual inspector. For 
inspectors that work for or contract with multiple certifying agents, 
the on-site evaluation conducted by one certifying agent may fulfill 
the on-site evaluation requirements for all certifying agents, provided 
that the report of the evaluation is shared. Another certifying agent 
may choose to independently conduct an on-site evaluation in addition 
to one performed by another certifying agent within the 3-year period. 
All certifying agents are required to ensure that all inspectors they 
employ or contract with have been evaluated during an on-site 
inspection at least once every three years. The proposed frequency of 
on-site inspection evaluation is based upon the frequency recommended 
in the NOSB proposal ``Personnel Performance Evaluations of 
Inspectors'' \38\ and aligns with the ``Guidance on Organic Inspector 
Qualifications'' published by the Accredited Certifiers Association, 
Inc.\39\ (February 2018). AMS considered requiring more frequent on-
site evaluations. However, the NOSB has indicated that requiring 
inspector on-site evaluations on a more frequent basis worldwide may 
pose undue financial burden on certifying agents. AMS also determined 
that inspector evaluations every year would create a significant 
resource constraint on certifying agents.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ ``Personnel Performance Evaluations of Inspectors'' 
proposal, December 13, 2016: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/CACSInspectorsProposal.pdf.
    \39\ The Accredited Certifiers Association, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) 
non-profit educational organization created to benefit the 
accredited organic certifying agent community and the organic 
industry: https://www.accreditedcertifiers.org/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    On-site evaluations of inspectors are necessary to verify that 
inspectors possess the knowledge and skills to evaluate the compliance 
of certified organic operations and to produce technically accurate 
inspection reports. Requiring recurring, on-site evaluations of 
inspectors would enhance the integrity of organic products by verifying 
competence of organic inspectors and ensuring consistency in organic 
certification inspections. Subparagraph (i)(A) is added to ensure that 
inspector on-site evaluations are performed by certifying agent 
personnel who are qualified to evaluate inspectors. This could include 
for example, a person who has prior experience as an inspector, 
conducts training for inspectors, and/or evaluates inspection reports 
to determine compliance.
    Subparagraph (ii) is added to address the need for certifying 
agents to maintain detailed procedures regarding how performance 
evaluations are conducted. The text also requires certifying agents to 
document results of on-site inspector performance evaluations and 
results of annual performance evaluations for all persons who review 
applications for certification, perform on-site inspections, review 
certification documents, evaluate qualifications for certification, 
make recommendations concerning certification, or make certification 
decisions and implement measures to correct any deficiencies in 
certification services. This change would ensure uniformity in scope 
and frequency of performance evaluations implemented across certifying 
agents, thereby enhancing organic integrity.

Request for Comment

    AMS seeks comment regarding certifying agent personnel 
qualifications and training, including answers to the following 
questions:
    1. Is 20 training hours a year an appropriate amount of continuing 
education for organic inspectors and certification review personnel?
    2. Should organic inspectors be evaluated on-site more frequently 
than once every three years?
    3. Should any other types of knowledge, skills, and experience be 
specified?

                                                        9--Oversight of Certification Activities
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Certification activity. Any business conducted by a certifying agent, or by a
                                                                          person acting on behalf of a certifying agent, including but not limited to:
                                                                          Certification management; administration; application review; inspection
                                                                          planning; inspections; sampling; inspection report review; material review;
                                                                          label review; records retention; compliance review; investigating complaints
                                                                          and taking adverse actions; certification decisions; and issuing transaction
                                                                          certificates.
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Certification office. Any site or facility where certification activities are
                                                                          conducted, except for certification activities that occur at certified
                                                                          operations or applicants for certification, such as inspections and sampling.
205.501(a)(22)...........................  Add.........................  Notify AMS not later than 90 calendar days after certification activities begin
                                                                          in a new certification office. The notification must include the countries
                                                                          where the certification activities are being provided, the nature of the
                                                                          certification activities, and the qualifications of the personnel providing
                                                                          the certification activities.
205.640..................................  Revise......................  Fees and other charges equal as nearly as may be to the cost of the services
                                                                          rendered under the regulations, including initial accreditation, review of
                                                                          annual reports, and renewal of accreditation, shall be reviewed, assessed, and
                                                                          collected from applicants in accordance with the following provisions:
205.665(a)...............................  Revise......................  Notification. (1) A written notification of noncompliance will be sent to the
                                                                          certifying agent when:
                                                                         (i) An inspection, review, or investigation of an accredited certifying agent
                                                                          by the Program Manager reveals any noncompliance with the Act or regulations
                                                                          in this part; or
                                                                         (ii) The Program Manager determines that the certification activities of the
                                                                          certifying agent, or any person performing certification activities on behalf
                                                                          of the certifying agent, are not compliant with the Act or the regulations in
                                                                          this part; or
                                                                         (iii) The Program Manager determines that the certification activities at a
                                                                          certification office, and/in specific countries, are not compliant with the
                                                                          Act or the regulations in this part.
                                                                         (2) Such notification must provide:
                                                                         (i) A description of each noncompliance;

[[Page 47559]]

 
                                                                         (ii) The facts upon which the notification of noncompliance is based; and
                                                                         (iii) The date by which the certifying agent must rebut or correct each
                                                                          noncompliance and submit supporting documentation of each correction when
                                                                          correction is possible.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes amending Sec. Sec.  205.2, 205.501, and 205.665 of the 
USDA organic regulations to strengthen oversight and enforcement of 
certifying agents and their activities. These proposed changes are 
primarily intended to address recent changes to the OFPA, as amended by 
the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (see 7 U.S.C. 6515(i)-(j)).\40\ 
Clarifying the oversight of certifying agents is a critical component 
of this proposed rule, because it will allow the NOP to provide robust 
enforcement of the USDA organic regulations, and ensure a level playing 
field for all accredited certifying agents and certified operations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \40\ See section 10104(d) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018, Public Law No: 115-334, available at: https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Clarification of Oversight

    To clarify the USDA's oversight of the certifying agents it 
accredits, AMS proposes adding the new term certification activities to 
the organic regulations. This new term defines the general activities 
which are considered essential to the function of a certifying agent, 
and therefore subject to oversight by the NOP. Any business operation 
conducted by a certifying agent as they implement the USDA organic 
regulations is considered a certification activity, including review, 
inspection, and certification of organic operations. The new term also 
clarifies that NOP oversight extends to the activities of any person 
performing work on behalf of the certifying agent (e.g., a specific 
office operating in specific countries, or a subcontractor or 
subcontractor organization). Because the use of subcontractors is very 
common in the organic industry, effective enforcement depends upon 
oversight that reaches all persons involved in the certification of 
organic operations. This is reinforced by the proposed revision of 
Sec.  205.665, at paragraph (a)(1)(ii), which clarifies the Program's 
authority to send notifications of noncompliance to a certifying agent 
based upon review of certification activities, including those of a 
person acting on behalf of the certifying agent.

Certifying Agents With Multiple Offices of Operation

    Certifying agents commonly operate multiple offices to ensure 
adequate service (e.g., sufficient capacity or proximity) to the 
operations they certify. This can result in a single certifying agent 
with multiple offices spread across several different countries, many 
of which act independently and are quite remote from the central 
office. NOP is aware that several certifying agents accredited by the 
USDA use multiple offices to perform certification activities. As part 
of our ongoing efforts to improve enforcement, AMS has requested 
information about certification offices and the types of certification 
activities that are conducted at those offices. The lack of specificity 
in the USDA organic regulations and the dynamic nature of relationships 
between a certifying agent and its offices create oversight challenges 
for the USDA. This has led to inconsistent application and enforcement 
of the regulations amongst certifying agents and offices.
    To clarify the USDA's authority to oversee certification offices, 
AMS proposes the addition of the new term certification office, and the 
previously mentioned term certification activities. A certification 
office is defined as any site or facility where certification 
activities take place (except for activities that take place at 
certified operations or other specialized facilities, such as 
inspection, sampling, and testing). In combination with the proposed 
revisions to Sec.  205.665 at paragraph (a)(1)(iii), this allows the 
NOP to send notices of noncompliance to a certifying agent, based upon 
the certification activities at a specific certification office and in 
specific countries.
    Another gap in the oversight of certification offices is the 
current lack of requirements to notify the NOP of the opening of new 
certification offices. Because of this, the NOP has difficulty readily 
quantifying how many certification offices exist; this is compounded by 
reports of offices opening and closing frequently and unpredictably, 
complicating the NOP's ability to effectively oversee the activities of 
these offices. To ensure more robust enforcement of certification 
offices, AMS proposes adding a new paragraph, (a)(22), to Sec.  
205.501, which will require that certifying agents notify the NOP 
within 90 calendar days of the opening of any office performing 
certification activities. The notification must include basic 
information to assist the NOP in effectively overseeing the office, 
including the countries serviced, location and nature of the 
certification activities, and the qualifications of the personnel that 
will provide the certification activities. Information on the location 
of new offices will enable AMS to more efficiently utilize personnel 
and travel resources to schedule on-site evaluations, and to specify 
countries in which the certifying agent's certification activities must 
cease should a certifying agent's office be suspended or revoked based 
on failure to resolve its noncompliances. Information on the types of 
certification activities being conducted will allow AMS to better 
evaluate the need for additional oversight; for instance, a new office 
located in a high-risk area with a history of organic fraud may require 
additional oversight.
    The proposed rule, if finalized, will codify this practice and 
ensure that certifying agents are providing complete information about 
their certification offices in a timely manner. Accurate and timely 
reporting of information about certification activities will bolster 
the NOP's ability to oversee certifying agents, and provide for more 
equitable enforcement of the Act and the USDA organic regulations.

[[Page 47560]]



                                                   10--Accepting Foreign Conformity Assessment Systems
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Conformity assessment system. All activities undertaken by a government to
                                                                          ensure that the applicable technical requirements for the production,
                                                                          handling, and processing of organic agricultural products are fully and
                                                                          consistently applied from product to product.
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Technical requirements. A system of relevant laws, regulations, regulatory
                                                                          practices, and procedures that address the production, handling, and
                                                                          processing of organic agricultural products.
205.500(c)...............................  Remove......................  ...............................................................................
205.511..................................  Add new section.............  Accepting foreign conformity assessment systems.
205.511(a)...............................  Add.........................  Foreign product may be certified under the USDA organic regulations by a USDA-
                                                                          accredited certifying agent and imported for sale in the United States.
                                                                          Foreign product that is produced and handled under another country's organic
                                                                          certification program may be sold, labeled, or represented as organically
                                                                          produced in the United States if AMS determines that such organic
                                                                          certification program provides technical requirements and a conformity
                                                                          assessment system governing the production and handling of such products that
                                                                          are at least equivalent to the requirements of the Act and the regulations in
                                                                          this part (``equivalence determination'').
205.511(b)...............................  Add.........................  Countries desiring to establish eligibility of product certified under that
                                                                          country's organic certification program to be sold, labeled or represented as
                                                                          organically produced in the United States may request an equivalence
                                                                          determination from AMS. A foreign government must maintain compliance and
                                                                          enforcement mechanisms to ensure that its organic certification program is
                                                                          fully meeting the terms and conditions of any equivalence determination
                                                                          provided by AMS pursuant to this section. To request this determination, the
                                                                          requesting country must submit documentation that fully describes its
                                                                          technical requirements and conformity assessment system. If AMS determines it
                                                                          can proceed, AMS will conduct an assessment of the country's organic
                                                                          certification program to evaluate whether it is equivalent.
205.511(c)...............................  Add.........................  AMS will describe the scope of an equivalence determination.
205.511(d)...............................  Add.........................  AMS will conduct reviews on a two-year cycle, beginning at the close of the
                                                                          prior review, to assess the effectiveness of the foreign government's organic
                                                                          certification program. AMS will reassess a country's organic certification
                                                                          program that AMS has recognized as equivalent every five years to verify that
                                                                          the foreign government's technical requirements and conformity assessment
                                                                          program continue to be at least equivalent to the requirements of the Act and
                                                                          the regulations of this part, and will determine whether the equivalence
                                                                          determination should be continued.
205.511(e)...............................  Add.........................  AMS may terminate an equivalence determination if the terms or conditions
                                                                          established under the determination are not met; if AMS determines that the
                                                                          country's technical requirements and/or conformity assessment program are no
                                                                          longer equivalent; if AMS determines that the foreign government's organic
                                                                          control system is inadequate to ensure that the country's organic
                                                                          certification program is fully meeting the terms and conditions under the
                                                                          determination; or for other good cause.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes adding a new section to the USDA organic regulations, 
Sec.  205.511, on accepting foreign conformity assessment systems that 
oversee organic production in foreign countries. If this proposed rule 
is implemented, new Sec.  205.511 will replace current Sec.  
205.500(c), which will be removed.
    International trade is critically important to the economic 
vitality of the organic sector. The OFPA, under 7 U.S.C. 6505(b), 
allows imported products to be sold or labeled as organically produced 
if the Secretary determines that the products have been produced and 
handled under an organic certification program with requirements and 
oversight determined to be at least equivalent to those described in 
the OFPA. Under this authority, AMS has developed a process for 
determining the equivalence of foreign organic certification programs. 
AMS' equivalence determination process is based on the similar 
processes used by other U.S. government agencies and foreign trading 
partners, and on guidelines from international organizations such as 
the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Standards 
Organization (ISO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and 
the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). 
AMS' process was roughly described in two previous certifying agent 
Instruction documents in the National Organic Program Handbook: NOP 
2100--Equivalence Determination Procedure; and NOP 2200--Recognition 
and Monitoring of Foreign Government Conformity Assessment Systems.
    AMS has used its equivalence determination process to establish 
trade arrangements for organic products with 10 other countries.\41\ 
These arrangements facilitate trade and are an important mechanism for 
ensuring robust oversight of imported organic products. The most common 
type of trade arrangement is a full organic equivalence determination, 
in which AMS determines a country's entire organic certification 
program to be equivalent to that of the United States. AMS has also 
established recognition agreements, where AMS determines that a foreign 
government's ability to accredit certifying agents and enforce 
standards is equivalent and authorizes that government to oversee 
certification of products to the USDA organic standards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ The United States has seven organic equivalence 
arrangements: Canada, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, 
Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom 
equivalency will be effective in January 2021. The United States 
also has three recognition agreements: India, Israel, and New 
Zealand.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The USDA has direct oversight over the certifying agents it 
accredits under the NOP. In contrast, certifying agents accredited by a 
foreign government whose organic certification program has been 
determined to be equivalent are

[[Page 47561]]

accredited by the foreign government or by an agent of that government. 
The USDA has no direct oversight of these certifying agents and relies 
upon the conditions of the equivalence determination to ensure 
compliance with the Act and the regulations.
    The current USDA organic regulations address the USDA's authority 
to make equivalence determinations in general terms under Sec.  
205.500(c), but do not describe the criteria, scope, and other 
parameters to establish, oversee, or terminate such equivalence 
determinations, all of which are critical to the enforcement of organic 
imports. This proposed new section is necessary to adequately address 
AMS' authority and clarify the procedures that the agency follows for 
organic equivalence determinations. Importantly, the section codifies 
the agency's existing practices and does not establish any new 
requirements. The new regulatory language will strengthen AMS oversight 
and enforcement capacity of organic imports. Clear language in the 
regulations regarding equivalence determination will support AMS 
authority to determine the scope of equivalence determinations. It will 
also support AMS' authority in reassessing, and either continuing or 
terminating equivalence determinations, as necessary. Finally, 
additional clarity in the regulations will increase transparency for 
stakeholders and foreign governments by establishing a foundation for 
AMS to develop more detailed documents that describe the process and 
requirements for equivalence determinations. Without adding this new 
section to the regulations, AMS could face challenges establishing and 
enforcing terms under current and future equivalence determinations 
that are critical to ensuring the integrity of imported organic 
products.
    To support proposed new Sec.  205.511, AMS proposes adding two new 
terms to Sec.  205.2: Conformity assessment system; and technical 
requirements. These terms are defined to ensure that the process and 
requirements described in new Sec.  205.511 are clear.
    The term conformity assessment system would be defined as all 
activities undertaken by a government to ensure that the applicable 
technical requirements for the production, handling, and processing of 
organic agricultural products are fully and consistently applied from 
product to product. Technical requirements would be defined as a system 
of relevant laws, regulations, regulatory practices, and procedures 
that address the production, handling, and processing of organic 
agricultural products. A government's conformity assessment system and 
technical requirements would cover the full range of activities 
associated with administering a federal organic program (i.e., 
development of standards, policies and procedures, accreditation and 
oversight of certifying agents, and compliance and enforcement 
activities).
    New Sec.  205.511(a) describes AMS' authority under the OFPA to 
make equivalence determinations. New Sec.  205.511(b) describes the 
process for initiating a request for equivalence used by AMS and other 
foreign governments. Since there are several factors that may impact 
whether AMS moves forward to review an equivalence request (i.e., 
agency resources, capacity to oversee the potential trade arrangement, 
relative benefits for the U.S. organic sector), this section clarifies 
that AMS will determine if it can proceed with the evaluation process 
in each case.
    New Sec.  205.511(c) clarifies that AMS will determine the scope of 
each equivalence determination that it makes. It is important to make 
this clarification because not all determinations must cover the same 
organic products and activities and they may include different terms or 
conditions. These differences depend upon AMS' evaluation of each 
foreign government's unique technical requirements and conformity 
assessment system and are important to AMS' ability to ensure the 
integrity of organic products produced under different systems.
    New Sec.  205.511(d) lays out the current process that AMS and 
other foreign governments use to monitor equivalence determinations 
that have been made. The review cycles mirror ISO standards, which 
include a five-year reassessment cycle and mid-cycle reviews. The 
section provides some flexibility in the timing of the mid-cycle 
reviews to accommodate unavoidable factors in both countries that can 
impact timing (e.g., federal budgets, election cycles, growing 
seasons).
    New Sec.  205.511(e) describes the conditions under which AMS may 
terminate equivalence determinations. These conditions for termination 
are commonly accepted among countries that maintain equivalence 
determinations and are based upon the core concepts underlying 
equivalence. AMS must be able to terminate equivalence determinations 
under these conditions in order to fulfill its statutory obligation to 
assure that organic products sold in the United States are compliant 
with OFPA and the USDA organic regulations and maintain a level playing 
field for U.S. farms and businesses.

Request for Comment

    AMS seeks comment regarding whether the public sees a differential 
risk to enforcement associated with certain organic trade 
relationships. Specifically, compared with organic equivalence 
determinations, are there increased risks associated with recognition 
agreements where other countries' governments oversee the 
implementation of NOP certification?

                                                                 11--Compliance--General
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.660(c)-(d)...........................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate paragraphs (c)-(d) as paragraphs (d)-(e).
205.660(c)...............................  Add.........................  The Program Manager may initiate enforcement action against any person who
                                                                          sells, labels, or provides other market information concerning an agricultural
                                                                          product if such label or information implies, directly or indirectly, that
                                                                          such product is produced or handled using organic methods, if the product was
                                                                          produced or handled in violation of the Organic Foods Production Act or the
                                                                          regulations in this part.
205.661..................................  Revise section title........  Investigation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes adding new paragraph (c) to Sec.  205.660, to clarify 
that the NOP Program Manager may initiate an enforcement action against 
any violator of the OFPA, as amended (7 U.S.C. 6501 et. al). The 
proposed change will clarify that the OFPA grants the Secretary 
administrative powers to enforce the Act against any violator, 
regardless of certification status. This clarification is important 
because noncertified status does not protect an operation that

[[Page 47562]]

commits organic fraud from enforcement action. The NOP currently 
pursues enforcement actions against uncertified parties for which AMS 
has evidence of OFPA violations.
    This proposed change is consistent with the enforcement authority 
granted to the Secretary in the OFPA. All agricultural products sold, 
labeled, or represented as organic must be produced and handled in 
compliance with the USDA organic regulations. The OFPA at 7 U.S.C. 
6505(a)(1) states: (A) A person may sell or label an agricultural 
product as organically produced only if such product is produced and 
handled in accordance with this chapter; and (B) no person may affix a 
label to, or provide other market information concerning, an 
agricultural product if such label or information implies, directly or 
indirectly, that such product is produced and handled using organic 
methods, except in accordance with this chapter. Further, the OFPA at 7 
U.S.C. 6506(a)(7) requires that the NOP provide for appropriate and 
adequate enforcement procedures, as determined by the Secretary to be 
necessary and consistent with this chapter.
    AMS also proposes amending the title of Sec.  205.661 from 
``Investigation of certified operations'' to ``Investigation.'' The 
proposed change is intended to further clarify that the OFPA grants the 
Secretary administrative powers to enforce the Act against any 
violator, regardless of the person's certification status.
    The proposed changes are necessary to emphasize the Secretary's 
administrative powers to investigate and enforce against operations who 
are not certified to the USDA organic standards. During calendar years 
2011-2017, over 70% of complaints received by the NOP alleging 
violations of the OFPA involved uncertified operations representing 
products as organic. Therefore, continued AMS enforcement against 
uncertified operations is central to the effective administration of 
the OFPA.

                                                  12--Noncompliance Procedure for Certified Operations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.100(c)...............................  Revise......................  Any person or responsibly connected person that:
205.662(e)(3)............................  Add.........................  Within 3 business days of issuing a notification of suspension or revocation,
                                                                          or the effective date of an operation's surrender, the certifying agent must
                                                                          update the operation's status in INTEGRITY.
205.662(f)(1)............................  Revise......................  A certified operation or a person responsibly connected with an operation whose
                                                                          certification has been suspended may at any time, unless otherwise stated in
                                                                          the notification of suspension, submit a request to the Secretary for
                                                                          reinstatement of its certification, or submit a request for eligibility to be
                                                                          certified. The request must be accompanied by evidence demonstrating
                                                                          correction of each noncompliance and corrective actions taken to comply with
                                                                          and remain in compliance with the Act and the regulations in this part.
205.662(g)(1)............................  Revise......................  Knowingly sells or labels a product as organic, except in accordance with the
                                                                          Act, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than the amount specified
                                                                          in Sec.   3.91(b)(1)(xxxvii) of this title per violation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes amending Sec. Sec.  205.100 and 205.662 to clarify 
that a person who is responsibly connected to an operation that 
violates the OFPA or the USDA organic regulations may be subject to a 
suspension of certification (if the responsibly connected person is 
certified), or civil penalties or criminal charges and/or may be 
ineligible to receive certification. This will bolster the enforcement 
capacity of AMS by ensuring that penalties for violations of the OFPA 
extend to all accountable parties.
    The USDA organic regulations, at section Sec.  205.2, define 
responsibly connected as ``Any person who is a partner, officer, 
director, holder, manager, or owner of 10 percent or more of the voting 
stock of an applicant or a recipient of certification or 
accreditation.'' The OFPA provides that any person who (1) attempts to 
label a product as organic and who knows or should have known that the 
product is noncompliant; or (2) makes a false statement to the USDA; or 
(3) otherwise does not comply with the USDA organic regulations is 
ineligible to receive organic certification for 5 years (7 U.S.C. 
6519(c)(3)). In addition, the OFPA states that any person who knowingly 
sells or labels a nonorganic product as organic, or makes a false 
statement to the Secretary, a State organic program, or a certifying 
agent, shall be subject to civil penalty fines or imprisonment, 
respectively (7 U.S.C. 6519(c)(1)-(2)).
    This proposed rule clarifies that a person responsibly connected to 
a violator of the OFPA may be complicit in the OFPA violation(s) 
because of that association, and may be ineligible to receive 
certification. This parallels the current provisions in the USDA 
organic regulations for revocation of certification, where a certified 
operation or person responsibly connected with an operation whose 
certification has been revoked will be ineligible to receive 
certification for 5 years (Sec.  205.662(f)(2)). AMS expects that when 
issuing a proposed suspension, certifying agents will identify all 
persons responsibly connected, and when such persons exist, notify the 
appropriate certifying agent(s) or the NOP, as applicable.
    This proposed rule also clarifies that a person responsibly 
connected to a person that knowingly sells nonorganic product as 
organic or makes a false statement to authorities about compliance with 
the OFPA, may be subject to fines and/or imprisonment (18 U.S.C. 1001). 
This will enable AMS to take comprehensive enforcement action to hold 
all responsible individuals accountable and prevent persons that enable 
or assist in activities that violate the OFPA from continuing that 
activity.
    AMS also proposes adding new paragraph Sec.  205.662(e)(3) to 
require certifying agents to timely update the status of an operation 
that has been suspended or revoked, or that has surrendered its 
certification. The updates should be completed within three business 
days of issuing a notification of suspension or revocation, or from the 
effective date of a surrender. Timely updates to INTEGRITY are critical 
to inform other certifying agents, operations in the supply chain, and 
consumers when an operation is no longer certified and can help prevent 
noncompliant products from entering or continuing in the stream of 
commerce.
    Finally, AMS proposes amending Sec.  205.662(g)(1) to update the 
citation which specifies the maximum civil penalty amount for 
violations of the OFPA. This aligns with the Federal Civil Penalties 
Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015. On March

[[Page 47563]]

14, 2018, the USDA published in the Federal Register its annual 
inflation adjustment for 2018 (83 FR 11129). This most recent 
adjustment increased the civil penalty amount from $11,000 to $17,952 
for violations of the OFPA which occurred on or after March 14, 2018.

                                                                      13--Mediation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.663..................................  Revise......................  (a) A certifying agent must submit with its administrative policies and
                                                                          procedures provided in Sec.   205.504(b): Decision criteria for acceptance of
                                                                          mediation, and a process for identifying personnel conducting mediation and
                                                                          setting up mediation sessions.
                                                                         (b) A certified operation or applicant for certification may request mediation
                                                                          to resolve a denial of certification or proposed suspension or proposed
                                                                          revocation of certification issued by a certifying agent or State organic
                                                                          program.
                                                                         (1) A certified operation or applicant for certification must submit any
                                                                          request for mediation in writing to the applicable certifying agent or State
                                                                          organic program within 30 calendar days of receipt of the notice of proposed
                                                                          suspension or proposed revocation of certification or denial of certification.
                                                                         (2) A certifying agent or State organic program may accept or reject a request
                                                                          for mediation based on its own decision criteria.
                                                                         (i) If a certifying agent rejects a mediation request, it must provide this
                                                                          rejection in writing to the applicant for certification or certified
                                                                          operation. The rejection must include the right to request an appeal, pursuant
                                                                          to Sec.   205.681, within 30 calendar days of the date of the written
                                                                          notification of rejection of the request for mediation.
                                                                         (c) Both parties must agree on the person conducting the mediation.
                                                                         (d) If a State organic program is in effect, the parties must follow the
                                                                          mediation procedures established in the State organic program and approved by
                                                                          the Secretary.
                                                                         (e) The parties to the mediation have a maximum of 30 calendar days to reach an
                                                                          agreement following a mediation session. Successful mediation results in a
                                                                          settlement agreement agreed to in writing by both the certifying agent and the
                                                                          certified operation. If mediation is unsuccessful, the applicant for
                                                                          certification or certified operation has 30 calendar days from termination of
                                                                          mediation to appeal the denial of certification or proposed suspension or
                                                                          revocation pursuant to Sec.   205.681.
                                                                         (f) Any settlement agreement reached through mediation must comply with the Act
                                                                          and the regulations in this part. The Secretary may review any mediated
                                                                          settlement agreement for conformity to the Act and the regulations in this
                                                                          part and may reject any agreement or provision not in conformance with the Act
                                                                          or the regulations in this part.
                                                                         (g) The Program Manager may propose mediation and enter into a settlement
                                                                          agreement at any time to resolve any adverse action notice that it has issued.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes revising Sec.  205.663 to improve the general 
readability of this section and to more clearly explain how mediation 
may be used in noncompliance procedures. When successful, mediation is 
an efficient way to bring operations into compliance and resolve 
conflicts among certifying agents and operations. The USDA organic 
regulations require that certifying agents and State organic programs 
provide applicants for certification and certified operations the right 
to request mediation when they issue a denial of certification, notice 
of proposed suspension, or proposed revocation of certification 
(Sec. Sec.  205.405(d) and 205.662(c)). Section 205.663 provides 
requirements for requesting mediation, responding to a mediation 
request, the time frame for reaching an agreement, and what happens 
when mediation is unsuccessful.\42\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ The OFPA does not specifically mention mediation. The OFPA 
does require that the USDA have procedures for producers and 
handlers to appeal adverse determinations. The right to request 
mediation in the regulations provides an additional opportunity for 
producers and handlers to resolve adverse actions while preserving 
their right to appeal if mediation in unsuccessful.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The USDA organic regulations require certifying agents and State 
organic programs to notify operations of the option to request 
mediation as an alternative dispute resolution to resolve noncompliance 
findings that have led to a proposed suspension, revocation, or denial 
of certification. This will facilitate resolution of these issues 
before they escalate to an appeal to AMS or a State organic program.
    AMS proposes revising the existing requirements for mediation to 
support a process that is efficient and accessible to producers and 
handlers who want to resolve a denial of certification, proposed 
suspension, or revocation of certification. Mediation should be a 
collaborative process between a certifying agent and an operation. A 
successful mediation addresses the noncompliance(s) and leads to full 
compliance with the USDA organic regulations. In summary, the proposed 
changes would clarify the process for engaging in mediation and would 
clarify that a settlement agreement is the outcome of successful 
mediation. The revised rule would permit certifying agents and 
certified operations or applicants to engage in mediation without a 
third-party mediator, provided that all parties agree upon the person 
who will serve as the mediator.
    After a certifying agent issues a denial of certification, proposed 
suspension, or revocation of certification, a certified operation and 
certifying agent may discuss the option of mediation prior to receiving 
a request for mediation. However, for mediation to proceed as a form of 
alternative dispute resolution, an operation must request mediation in 
writing to the certifying agent. This proposed rule provides 30 
calendar days to request mediation. This aligns with the length of time 
provided to submit an appeal of a proposed adverse action.
    A certifying agent determines whether to accept or reject a written 
request for mediation. This proposed rule requires certifying agents to 
include mediation acceptance decision criteria as part of the 
administrative policies and procedures which certifying agents are 
required to submit under Sec.  205.504(b). Parties to the mediation may 
develop conditions, such as cost, timeframes to reach a settlement 
agreement, and any incremental steps, only after a certifying

[[Page 47564]]

agent accepts a mediation request. A certifying agent must not impose 
any preconditions for the acceptance of mediation (i.e., the certifying 
agent cannot require that the operation take a specific action--other 
than submitting a written request for mediation--before it will 
consider mediation).
    In accepting mediation, a certifying agent may also, at its 
discretion, offer a settlement agreement for an operation to consider. 
A settlement offer may be useful when the corrective action(s) is clear 
and the noncompliance(s) is not recurrent. As part of the mediation, an 
operation may accept or reject the settlement agreement, negotiate the 
terms with the certifying agent, or request a mediator to try and reach 
a settlement agreement. Settlement agreements may impose additional 
compliance requirements or may include agreed-upon suspensions or 
revocations of organic certificates, as appropriate to the 
noncompliance.
    This proposed rule clarifies that mediation does not require a 
third-party mediator to reach a settlement agreement. The certifying 
agent and operation may agree that mediation will be between only those 
two parties. For example, mediation may consist of a phone call or 
series of phone calls between the operator and the certifying agent to 
discuss the terms of a settlement offer prior to signing the agreement.
    In some cases, the use of a mediator may be appropriate, either 
because the operation initially requested this, or the operation 
rejected a settlement offer and then requested a mediator. To 
accommodate this situation, the proposed rule would require each 
certifying agent submit a process to identify a qualified mediator and 
set the time and location of mediation session(s), mediation format 
(in-person, video, phone), and mediation fees and payment.
    The outcome of a successful mediation is a settlement agreement 
that brings an operation into compliance with the USDA organic 
regulations. A settlement agreement must clearly describe the 
corrective actions and timeframes for implementing corrective actions, 
and may impose additional actions (e.g., unannounced inspections, 
sampling for residue testing) to ensure the operation maintains 
compliance. A settlement may also include a suspension of organic 
certification.
    This proposed rule would also clarify that the Secretary does not 
require, manage, or otherwise participate in mediation between 
operations and certifying agents or State organic programs. This does 
not change the authority of the Secretary to review an agreement that 
results from the mediation for conformity to the OFPA and the USDA 
organic regulations and reject any nonconforming provision or 
agreement.
    This proposed change is needed to clarify and emphasize that 
mediation under the USDA organic regulations is an alternative dispute 
resolution mechanism, conducted between a certified operation or 
applicant for certification and a certifying agent or State organic 
program. The Secretary is not involved in determining the outcome of a 
mediation, notwithstanding his or her authority to review dispute 
resolution terms for conformity with the OFPA and the USDA organic 
regulations.
    This proposed change would not affect AMS' ability to carry out 
oversight, compliance, and enforcement activities on behalf of the 
Secretary. For example, AMS may conduct informal mediation, at its 
discretion, and enter into mutually agreeable settlement agreements 
with parties that receive an NOP-issued proposed adverse action.

                                                       14--Adverse Action Appeal Process--General
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Adverse action. A noncompliance decision that adversely affects certification,
                                                                          accreditation, or a person subject to the Act, including a proposed suspension
                                                                          or revocation; a denial of certification, accreditation, or reinstatement; a
                                                                          cease and desist notice; or a civil penalty.
205.680(a)...............................  Revise......................  Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely affected by an
                                                                          adverse action of the National Organic Program's Program Manager, may appeal
                                                                          such decision to the Administrator.
205.680(b)...............................  Revise......................  Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely affected by an
                                                                          adverse action of a State organic program may appeal such decision to the
                                                                          State organic program's governing State official who will initiate handling of
                                                                          the appeal pursuant to appeal procedures approved by the Secretary.
205.680(c)...............................  Revise......................  Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely affected by an
                                                                          adverse action of a certifying agent may appeal such decision to the
                                                                          Administrator, Except, That when the person is subject to an approved State
                                                                          organic program, the appeal must be made to the State organic program.
205.680(d)...............................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate as paragraph (f).
205.680(d)...............................  Add.........................  Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely affected by an
                                                                          adverse action of a certifying agent or a State organic program may request
                                                                          mediation as provided in Sec.   205.663.
205.680(e)...............................  Revise and redesignate as     All appeals must be reviewed, heard, and decided by persons not involved with
                                            paragraph (g).                the adverse action being appealed.
205.680(e)...............................  Add.........................  All appeals must comply with the procedural requirements in Sec.   205.681(c)
                                                                          and (d) of the USDA organic regulations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes to revise and clarify parts of the adverse action 
appeals process in Sec. Sec.  205.680 and 205.681. In summary, these 
changes will clarify which actions can be appealed, recognize the use 
of alternative dispute resolution practices in lieu of a formal 
administrative proceeding to resolve an appeal, and reinforce that 
appeal submissions need to comply with the basic requirements in the 
regulations. We expect that these changes will support an expedited 
appeals process.
    The OFPA authorizes an expedited appeals procedure that gives 
persons the opportunity to appeal actions that adversely affect the 
person(s) (7 U.S.C. 6520). The current USDA organic regulations 
describe how certified operations, accredited certifying agents, and 
applicants for certification or accreditation may appeal a 
noncompliance decision that would affect their certification or 
accreditation

[[Page 47565]]

status or eligibility to become certified or accredited (Sec.  
205.680(a)). The current regulations explain when an appeal may be 
submitted, how it must be submitted, and what the appeal submission 
must contain. Specifically, appeals of noncompliance decisions of a 
certifying agent or the NOP are appealable to the AMS Administrator, or 
to the State organic program if the appellant is located in a State 
with an approved State organic program.\43\ In addition, the current 
regulations explain that a decision to sustain an appeal results in a 
favorable action with respect to the appellant's certification or 
accreditation, and a decision to deny an appeal requires AMS to 
initiate a formal administrative proceeding (i.e., a hearing). AMS 
explains how it administers the adverse action appeal process, the 
status of an appellant during an appeal, and the possible outcomes of 
an appeal in NOP 4011, Adverse Action Appeal Process.\44\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ As of the publication of this proposed rule, California is 
the only approved State organic program.
    \44\ NOP 4011, Adverse Action Appeal Process. December 23, 2011: 
https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/4011.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed rule would add the new term adverse action to clarify 
which actions may be appealed under the USDA organic regulations. 
Adverse action would be defined as a noncompliance decision that 
adversely affects certification, accreditation, or a person subject to 
the Act, including a proposed suspension or revocation; a denial of 
certification, accreditation, or reinstatement; a cease and desist 
notice; or a civil penalty.\45\ This term would replace the use of 
``noncompliance decision'' throughout this section. AMS is proposing to 
change ``noncompliance decision'' in the current regulation to adverse 
action. This clarifies the scope of actions which may be appealed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ Only AMS issues civil penalties.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This proposed rule would add a new provision that reminds 
operations of the option to request mediation when a certifying agent 
or State organic program has issued an adverse action. The option to 
request mediation is provided in addition to the option to appeal 
(mediation is covered in Sec.  205.663, and proposed changes to this 
section are discussed above). The mediation process can be a viable 
path to resolve noncompliances that are correctable, and not willful or 
recurrent. If mediation is rejected or is not successful, the operation 
maintains the right to appeal.
    Finally, this proposed rule would add an explicit requirement that 
appeals must be properly filed, as described in paragraphs (c) and (d) 
of Sec.  205.681. This means that an appeal must be timely filed, sent 
to the correct address, include a copy of the adverse action, and 
explain why the adverse action is incorrect. In effect, this 
requirement will help to expedite the review of appeals and supports 
AMS' decisions to dismiss appeals which are not timely filed.

                                                       15--Adverse Action Appeal Process--Appeals
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.681(a)...............................  Revise......................  Adverse actions by certifying agents. An applicant for certification may appeal
                                                                          a certifying agent's notice of denial of certification, and a certified
                                                                          operation may appeal a certifying agent's notification of proposed suspension
                                                                          or proposed revocation of certification to the Administrator, Except, That,
                                                                          when the applicant or certified operation is subject to an approved State
                                                                          organic program, the appeal must be made to the State organic program which
                                                                          will carry out the appeal pursuant to the State organic program's appeal
                                                                          procedures approved by the Secretary.
205.681(a)(2)............................  Revise......................  If the Administrator or State organic program denies an appeal, a formal
                                                                          administrative proceeding may be initiated to deny, suspend, or revoke the
                                                                          certification. Such proceeding must be conducted pursuant to the U.S.
                                                                          Department of Agriculture's Uniform Rules of Practice, 7 CFR part 1, subpart
                                                                          H, or the State organic program's rules of procedure.
205.681(b)...............................  Revise......................  Adverse actions by the NOP Program Manager. A person affected by an adverse
                                                                          action, as defined by 205.2, issued by the NOP Program Manager, may appeal to
                                                                          the Administrator.
205.681(b)(1)............................  Revise......................  If the Administrator sustains an appeal, an applicant will be issued
                                                                          accreditation, a certifying agent will continue its accreditation, or an
                                                                          operation will continue its certification, a civil penalty will be waived and
                                                                          a cease-and-desist notice will be withdrawn, as applicable to the operation.
205.681(b)(2)............................  Revise......................  If the Administrator denies an appeal, a formal administrative proceeding may
                                                                          be initiated to deny, suspend, or revoke the accreditation or certification
                                                                          and/or levy civil penalties. Such proceeding must be conducted pursuant to the
                                                                          U.S. Department of Agriculture's Uniform Rules of Practice, 7 CFR part 1,
                                                                          subpart H.
205.681(c)...............................  Revise......................  Filing period. An appeal must be filed in writing within the time period
                                                                          provided in the letter of notification or within 30 days from receipt of the
                                                                          notification, whichever occurs later. The appeal will be considered ``filed''
                                                                          on the date received by the Administrator or by the State organic program. An
                                                                          adverse action will become final and nonappealable unless an appeal is timely
                                                                          filed.
205.681(d)(1)............................  Revise......................  Appeals to the Administrator and Requests for Hearing must be filed in writing
                                                                          and addressed to: 1400 Independence Ave. SW, Room 2642, Stop 0268, Washington,
                                                                          DC 20250, or electronic transmission, [email protected].
205.681(d)(3)............................  Revise......................  All appeals must include a copy of the adverse action and a statement of the
                                                                          appellant's reasons for believing that the action was not proper or made in
                                                                          accordance with applicable program regulations, policies, or procedures.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS is proposing several changes to Sec.  205.681 to revise and 
clarify appeal procedures. We propose revising the title of paragraph 
(a) from ``Certification appeals'' to ``Adverse actions by certifying 
agents,'' and the title of paragraph (b) from ``Accreditation appeals'' 
to ``Adverse actions by the NOP Program Manager.'' This is necessary 
because certifying agents and the NOP Program Manager may issue 
different types of adverse actions, and the respective appeal decisions 
will have different effects.

[[Page 47566]]

    AMS proposes clarifying the process when the Administrator denies 
an appeal and upholds an adverse action. The current regulations, at 
Sec. Sec.  205.681(a)(2) and (b)(2), state that the USDA will initiate 
a formal administrative proceeding (hearing) to finalize the action, 
i.e., suspend, revoke or deny certification. AMS proposes changing 
``will'' to ``may'' to reflect actual practice and to recognize that 
AMS may pursue the resolution of appeals through expedited, alternative 
means, such as settlement agreements, before initiating a formal 
administrative proceeding. In current practice, an appellant whose 
appeal is denied by the Administrator has the option to request or 
waive a hearing. If the appellant does not request a hearing, AMS does 
not initiate a formal administrative proceeding and the Administrator's 
appeal decision is final and takes effect.\46\ When an appellant 
requests a hearing, AMS and the appellant may enter into a settlement 
agreement prior to the hearing. This proposed revision provides 
flexibility to resolve appeals outside of the formal administrative 
process.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ This is described in NOP 4011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS also proposes revising current paragraph (b), ``Accreditation 
appeals,'' to address the scope of adverse actions issued by the NOP 
which may be appealed to the Administrator. This could include appeals 
of proposed suspensions or revocations of accreditation or 
certification, denials of accreditation, denials of reinstatement, or 
civil penalties.
    AMS proposes clarifying the requirement for the appeal filing 
period in paragraph Sec.  205.681(c). The wording, ``noncompliance 
decision'' is removed because that term is being removed or replaced 
throughout the Adverse Action Appeal Process section. In addition, we 
are proposing to replace the phrase, ``A decision to deny, suspend, or 
revoke certification or accreditation will become final'' with ``An 
adverse action will become final'' because the use of the term 
``adverse action'' is broader and includes denials of reinstatement, 
cease and desist notices, and other actions that could affect 
certification.
    Additionally, this proposed rule would update the address for 
filing appeals and provide an email address for submitting appeals 
electronically in Sec.  205.681(d)(1). The address in the current 
regulation is outdated and does not provide an option for electronic 
submission, even though this occurs in practice.\47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ The AMS website has the current information for filing an 
appeal either by mail or electronically: https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/enforcement/organic/appeals.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, this proposed rule would revise the term ``adverse 
decision'' to ``adverse action'' in Sec.  205.681(d)(3) to be 
consistent with the use of the term ``adverse action'' throughout this 
section. This maintains the requirement that an appellant must submit a 
copy of the adverse action which they are contesting with their appeal.

                                                               16--Grower Group Operations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Grower group member. A person engaged in the activity of growing or gathering a
                                                                          crop and/or wild crop as a member of a grower group operation.
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Grower group operation. A single producer consisting of grower group members in
                                                                          geographical proximity governed by an internal control system under an organic
                                                                          system plan certified as a single crop and/or wild crop production and
                                                                          handling operation.
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Grower group production unit. A defined subgroup of grower group members in
                                                                          geographical proximity as a part of a single grower group operation that use
                                                                          similar practices and shared resources to grow or gather similar crops and/or
                                                                          wild crops.
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Internal control system. An internal quality management system that establishes
                                                                          and governs the review, monitoring, training, and inspection of the grower
                                                                          group operation and the procurement and distribution of shared production and
                                                                          handling inputs and resources, to maintain compliance with the USDA organic
                                                                          regulations as a single producer.
205.201(c)...............................  Add.........................  In addition to paragraph (a) of this section, a grower group operation's
                                                                          organic system plan must describe its internal control system. The description
                                                                          of the internal control system must:
                                                                         (1) Define the organizational structure, roles, and responsibilities of all
                                                                          personnel;
                                                                         (2) Identify grower group production units and locations;
                                                                         (3) Define geographical proximity criteria for grower group members and grower
                                                                          group production units;
                                                                         (4) Describe characteristics of high-risk grower group members and grower group
                                                                          production units;
                                                                         (5) Describe shared production practices and inputs;
                                                                         (6) Describe the internal monitoring, surveillance, and auditing methods used
                                                                          to assess the compliance of all grower group members;
                                                                         (7) Describe the system of sanctions for noncompliant grower group members,
                                                                          including procedures to address noncompliances detected among grower group
                                                                          members, impose sanctions, and remove grower group members when warranted, and
                                                                          procedures for reporting noncompliances to the certifying agent;
                                                                         (8) Describe measures to protect against potential conflicts of interest;
                                                                         (9) Describe how training, production and handling inputs, and other resources
                                                                          are procured and provided to all grower group members and personnel;
                                                                         (10) Have clear policies and procedures to verify the grower group operation's
                                                                          and grower group members' compliance with the USDA organic regulations; and
                                                                         (11) Address any other terms or conditions determined by the Administrator to
                                                                          be necessary to enforce compliance with the USDA organic regulations and the
                                                                          Act.
205.400(g)...............................  Add.........................  In addition to paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section, a grower group
                                                                          operation must:
                                                                         (1) Be a single producer organized as a person;
                                                                         (2) Sell, label, or represent only crops and/or wild crops as organic;
                                                                         (3) Use centralized processing, distribution, and marketing facilities and
                                                                          systems;
                                                                         (4) Be organized into grower group production units;

[[Page 47567]]

 
                                                                         (5) Ensure that all crops and/or wild crops sold, labeled, or represented as
                                                                          organic are from grower group members only;
                                                                         (6) Ensure that grower group members do not sell, label, or represent their
                                                                          crops and/or wild crops as organic outside of the grower group operation
                                                                          unless they are individually certified;
                                                                         (7) Report to the certifying agent on an annual basis the name and location of
                                                                          all grower group members and grower group production units, and the crops,
                                                                          wild crops, estimated yield, and size of production and harvesting areas of
                                                                          each grower group member and grower group production unit;
                                                                         (8) Conduct internal inspections of each grower group member, at least
                                                                          annually, by internal inspectors, which must include mass-balance audits and
                                                                          reconciliation of each grower group member's and grower group production
                                                                          unit's production yield and group sales;
                                                                         (9) Document and report to the certifying agent the use of sanctions to address
                                                                          noncompliant grower group members, at least annually; and
                                                                         (10) Implement procedures to ensure all production and handling by the grower
                                                                          group operation is compliant with the USDA organic regulations and the Act,
                                                                          including recordkeeping requirements to ensure a complete audit trail from
                                                                          each grower group member and grower group production unit to sale and
                                                                          distribution.
205.403(a)(2)............................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate as paragraph (a)(3).
205.403(a)(2)............................  Add.........................  Initial and annual on-site inspections of a grower group operation as defined
                                                                          in Sec.   205.2 must:
                                                                         (i) Assess the compliance of the internal control system of the organic system
                                                                          plan, or its capability to comply, with the requirements of Sec.
                                                                          205.400(g)(8). This must include review of the internal inspections conducted
                                                                          by the internal control system.
                                                                         (ii) Conduct witness audits of internal control system inspectors performing
                                                                          inspections of the grower group operation.
                                                                         (iii) Individually inspect at least 1.4 times the square root of the total
                                                                          number of grower group members. This must include an inspection of all grower
                                                                          group members determined to be high risk according to criteria in
                                                                          205.201(c)(4). At least one grower group member in each grower group
                                                                          production unit as defined in Sec.   205.2 must be inspected.
                                                                         (iv) Inspect each handling facility.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes clarifying regulatory requirements for crop and/or 
wild crop production and handling operations with multiple member 
growers that are certified as a single producer. Operations with 
multiple grower and gatherer members can pose higher risks to 
traceability and organic integrity because of their unique structure 
and composition, longer and more complex supply chains, and reliance 
upon internal quality control systems. Specific certification 
requirements are therefore needed to ensure adequate and consistent 
oversight of these types of operations and facilitate enforcement 
action.
Grower Group Structure and Function
    In this proposed rule, operations with multiple growers organized 
and certified as a single crop and/or wild crop producer are referred 
to as grower group operations, also commonly known as grower groups. 
Individual growers, known as grower group members, grow or gather the 
same crops and/or wild crops in geographical proximity to one another 
using similar practices with centralized handling, processing, and 
marketing. Shared farming or gathering practices may include fertility 
management, pest control, acceptable inputs (including seeds), and 
post-harvest handling practices. There is one organic certificate for 
the grower group operation and the certification applies only to the 
grower group operation as a whole; individual members do not 
independently sell or market their own crops and/or wild crops using 
the grower group's organic certificate. There is one organic system 
plan for the grower group operation as a single producer using shared 
handling and marketing facilities, and a common recordkeeping system.
    Grower group structure is different than traditional, individually 
certified organic operations. As such, they require special controls to 
ensure compliance with the USDA organic regulations. Central to the 
function of a grower group is an internal control system (ICS). An ICS 
consists of both personnel and procedure that act a grower group's 
internal governance and verification system. The ICS is described in 
the grower group operation's organic system plan, and ensures that 
grower group production and handling activities are compliant with the 
USDA organic regulations. The ICS is unique to grower groups; it acts 
as a third tier of enforcement and verification between the grower 
group members and the certifying agent. The ICS is responsible for 
direct enforcement of the grower group and its members, including 
inspection of all grower group members. In grower group certification, 
the certifying agent's primary role is to assess and enforce the 
function of the ICS, not the individual members.
Unique Certification Challenges of Grower Groups
    Grower group operations present unique certification challenges 
relative to traditional, individually certified organic operations. 
Grower groups are inherently more complex because they are collectives 
of many members organized under a single organic certification. Grower 
groups commonly have thousands of members spread across a large area, 
and utilize centralized collection, handling, processing, and 
marketing. This complicates all aspects of enforcement, including 
inspection, product traceability, and mass-balance assessment. Most 
significantly, this complexity demands the use of an ICS as an 
additional tier of enforcement.
    The current USDA organic regulations do not include specific 
provisions addressing the certification of grower groups. In 
particular, the regulations lack grower group eligibility criteria and

[[Page 47568]]

requirements describing ICS function and organization. As a result, the 
NOP regularly observes inconsistent grower group certification 
practices during audits and certification appeals.
    NOP staff accompanying certifying agents during witness audits 
frequently report that grower groups lack a functioning ICS. This often 
results in poorly trained ICS personnel that do not use effective 
sanctions policies to enforce against noncompliant members, fail to 
inspect all members, and do not complete mass-balance audits. The lack 
of specific requirements in the organic regulations inhibits the 
effective function of an ICS, which in turn threatens the integrity of 
products produced by grower group operations.
    The NOP also often cites noncompliances to certifying agents who 
fail to adequately assess the structure of a grower group and the 
function of an ICS. In the absence of specific regulation, some 
certifying agents struggle to define the acceptable limits of grower 
groups (geographical, numerical, and scope). This can result in too 
many members distributed over too large an area, complicating effective 
enforcement. A lack of specific requirements also makes it difficult 
for certifying agents to adequately assess the ICS's ability to enforce 
all members of a grower group operation. Some certifying agents also 
attempt to directly enforce grower group members, not the ICS, leading 
to inadequate oversight. There is a clear need for specific criteria 
grower groups must meet to qualify for organic certification, and 
practices certifying agents should use to inspect grower groups and 
assess compliance of an ICS. Describing these requirements in the 
organic regulations would allow for more effective oversight of grower 
groups and their organic products.
Authority and Background
    The OFPA authorizes the certification of groups because it defines 
person as an ``individual, groups of individuals, corporation, 
association, organization, cooperative, or other entity.'' (7 U.S.C. 
6502). The OFPA also defines handler and producer as persons. Further, 
the OFPA provides for producers and handlers to seek certification (7 
U.S.C. 6503(a)). Therefore, grower group operations are production and 
handling operations which are eligible for organic certification as a 
single producer.
    Grower group certification was developed in the 1990s to reduce 
barriers for small-scale farms in developing countries entering the 
global organic market. Initially, organic farmer associations obtained 
group certification for organic coffee and cacao operations to export 
products to the United States and Europe. Presently, growers organized 
as grower group operations export many organic agricultural products to 
the United States, such as coffee, cocoa, bananas, tea, and spices. 
This method of certification gives small growers or gatherers organized 
into grower groups access to organic markets while expanding consumer 
choices. Grower group certification supports U.S. consumer demand for 
organic products that are not produced in the United States, such as 
coffee, cacao, and bananas.
    The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements 
(IFOAM) \48\ Organics International started to develop criteria for 
grower group certification in 1994, and in 2003 published its position 
on ``Small Holder Group Certification for organic production and 
processing'' to support the concept.\49\ The criteria formed the basis 
for acceptance of grower group certification in the European Union and 
United States. Grower group operation certification is also utilized by 
other standards organizations, such as the International Accreditation 
Forum and GlobalG.A.P., to provide small-holder farming operations 
access to markets while ensuring the integrity of the supply chain.\50\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \48\ http://www.ifoam.bio/.
    \49\ https://www.ifoam-eu.org/sites/default/files/page/files/small_holder_group_certification_0.pdf.
    \50\ https://www.iaf.nu/;https://www.globalgap.org/uk_en/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    On January 21, 2011, the NOP issued Policy Memorandum 11-10, 
``Certification of Grower Groups,'' \51\ which specified how certifying 
agents could certify grower group operations, using 2002 and 2008 NOSB 
recommendations.\52\ The NOSB recommendations identified criteria for 
grower group operations to qualify for certification, and auditing 
practices and methodologies for certifying agents to inspect grower 
groups and assess the compliance of the internal control system.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \51\ Policy Memorandum 11-10, Certification of Grower Groups. 
January 21, 2011: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP-11-10-GroupGrowerCert.pdf.
    \52\ NOSB Recommendation: Criteria for Certification of Grower 
Groups. October 20, 2002: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Rec%20Criteria%20for%20Certification%20of%20Grower%20Groups.pdf. 
NOSB Recommendation: Certifying Operations with Multiple Production 
Units, Sites, and Facilities under the National Organic Program. 
November 19, 2008: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20Final%20Rec%20Certifying%20Operations%20with%20Multiple%20Sites.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This proposed rule codifies many of the requirements described in 
the 2002 and 2008 NOSB recommendations, and adds several requirements, 
including more detail about documentation requirements and inspection 
methods. AMS and certifying agents need clear standards for the 
certification of grower group operations as a single producer to 
effectively identify and enforce against noncompliant activities. 
Grower group operations present an elevated risk to organic integrity 
because of their structure (numerous growers conform to one organic 
system plan), longer and more complex supply chains, and use of an 
internal control system for oversight of grower group members, grower 
group production units, and handling facilities. Therefore, 
requirements for consistent certification practices for grower group 
operations are critical. AMS' proposed requirements for grower group 
operations will strengthen the oversight of organic supply chains by 
enabling certifying agents to more readily assess whether a grower 
group operation is complying with the USDA organic regulations and 
supporting enforcement actions when necessary.
Definitions
    AMS proposes adding four new terms to the USDA organic regulations 
to clarify the certification of a grower group operation as a single 
producer: grower group operation, internal control system, grower group 
member, and grower group production unit.
    A grower group operation would be defined as a single producer 
consisting of grower group members in geographical proximity governed 
by an internal control system under an organic system plan certified as 
a single crop and/or wild crop production and handling operation. 
Therefore, the requirements for production and handling operations 
throughout the regulations would apply to a grower group operation as a 
single producer. AMS has not committed to a specific maximum distance 
for geographic proximity and is not proposing parameters for the 
physical extent of a grower group operation. Certifying agents will 
need to determine if the locations of grower group members within a 
grower group production unit and grower group operation meet the 
``geographical proximity'' requirement based on the conditions of an 
operation. Generally, this will vary depending on site-specific 
conditions and crops.
    A grower group member would be defined as a person engaged in the 
activity of growing or gathering a crop and/or wild crop as a member of 
a grower group operation. The practices of each grower group member 
would need to align with the organic system plan.

[[Page 47569]]

The requirements for producers and handlers throughout the regulations 
would also apply to grower group members, although some requirements 
may be met collectively by the grower group operation, such as the 
organic production and handling system plan.
    The proposed rule defines an internal control system (ICS) as an 
internal quality management system that establishes and governs the 
review, monitoring, training, and inspection of the grower group 
operation and the procurement and distribution of shared production and 
handling inputs and resources, to maintain compliance with the USDA 
organic regulations as a single producer. The ICS is a key component of 
a grower group operation certified as a single producer. The ICS 
verifies that the grower group operation is implementing the organic 
system plan, ensuring that growers or gatherers and handling facilities 
know how to comply. The ICS is responsible for the overall compliance 
of the grower group operation and its adherence to the organic system 
plan.
    Finally, this rule proposes adding the term grower group production 
unit: A defined subgroup of grower group members in geographical 
proximity as a part of a single grower group operation that use similar 
practices and shared resources to grow or gather similar crops and/or 
wild crops. Adding this proposed term will clarify that each grower 
group production unit within a grower group operation requires an 
initial and annual inspection by the certifying agent, as required by 
Sec.  205.403(a)(1) of the organic regulations. The term also clarifies 
that a grower group operation may produce and market more than one type 
of crop or wild crop, with each grower group production unit described 
and managed under a single organic system plan of a grower group 
operation.
Certification Requirements for Grower Group Operations
    This proposed rule would add provisions to the general requirements 
for certification (Sec.  205.400) which are specific to grower group 
operations. These criteria would clarify the eligibility requirements 
for grower group operations. Entities that do not meet all criteria 
would need to be certified separately in order to sell, label, or 
market agricultural products certified to the USDA organic regulations.
    The proposed rule would require that a grower group operation is a 
single producer legally organized as a person. The OFPA and the USDA 
organic regulations apply to a person as the basic regulatory unit. The 
organization of a grower group operation as a person clarifies that 
certification is granted to the grower group operation as a single 
producer, rather than individual grower members engaged in the activity 
of growing or gathering within the grower group operation.
    Under the proposed rule, a grower group operation may sell, label, 
or represent only crops or wild crops as organic; any non-crop 
agricultural products (e.g., livestock or livestock products) would not 
be eligible for certification under the grower group operation. AMS 
acknowledges that many organic farming systems utilize integrated crop-
livestock systems--especially operations in developing areas where 
grower group operation certification is more likely to occur. 
Therefore, the use of integrated or mixed crop-livestock systems is 
compatible with and would be permitted in certified grower group 
operations. However, the management of any non-crop agricultural 
products must not affect the integrity of the organic crops or wild 
crops produced and handled by the operation, and non-crop agricultural 
products must not be sold, labeled, or represented as organic by the 
grower group operation. Individual grower group members seeking to sell 
non-crop agricultural products would need their non-crop agricultural 
products certified independently from the grower group operation.
    The proposed rule also specifies that grower group operations must 
use centralized processing, distribution, and marketing facilities and 
systems. In addition, AMS proposes a requirement that all crops and/or 
wild crops sold, labeled, or represented as organic by a grower group 
operation must be grown or gathered by grower group members only. A 
grower group operation may not buy crops and/or wild crops from non-
member growers and sell, label, or represent them as organic using the 
grower group certification. In turn, AMS also proposes that grower 
group members must not market crops and/or wild crops as organic 
outside of the grower group operation unless they are individually 
certified.
    Finally, this proposed rule would add a requirement that grower 
group operations provide their certifying agent with the name and 
location of all grower group members, grower group production units, 
and the crops, wild crops, estimated yield, and growing/gathering areas 
(acreage) of each grower group member and grower group production unit. 
This information must be submitted at least annually as part of the 
organic system plan.
The Internal Control System
    This proposed rule would add an additional requirement for organic 
system plans for grower group operations. Specifically, an organic 
system plan (OSP) for a grower group operation would need to include a 
description of the internal control system (ICS) and how it verifies 
the operation's compliance with the USDA organic regulations. For all 
operations, the OSP describes shared farming and handling practices, 
inputs to be used (including seeds), monitoring practices and 
procedures, recordkeeping systems, and practices to prevent commingling 
and contact with prohibited substances (Sec.  205.201(a)).
    The ICS serves as the grower group operation's internal governance 
and verification system to ensure that grower group operation 
production and handling activities at every level are implemented in 
accordance with the OSP and are compliant with the USDA organic 
regulations. A grower group operation's OSP must describe the function 
of the ICS. This description must:
    (1) Define the organizational structure, roles and responsibilities 
of all personnel;
    (2) Identify grower group production units and locations;
    (3) Define geographical proximity criteria for grower group members 
and grower group production units;
    (4) Describe characteristics of high-risk grower group members and 
grower group production units;
    (5) Describe shared production practices and inputs;
    (6) Describe the internal monitoring, surveillance, and auditing 
methods used to assess the compliance of all grower group members;
    (7) Describe the system of sanctions for noncompliant grower group 
members, including procedures to address noncompliances detected among 
grower group members, impose sanctions, and remove grower group members 
when warranted; and procedures for reporting noncompliances to the 
certifying agent;
    (8) Describe measures to protect against potential conflicts of 
interest;
    (9) Describe how training, production and handling inputs, and 
other resources are procured and provided to all grower group members 
and personnel;
    (10) Have clear policies and procedures to verify the grower group 
operation's and grower group members'

[[Page 47570]]

compliance with the USDA organic regulations; and
    (11) Address any other terms or conditions determined by the 
Administrator to be necessary to enforce compliance with the USDA 
organic regulations and the Act.
    This proposed rule would set inspection and oversight requirements 
for the ICS. Specifically, the ICS would need to use qualified internal 
inspectors (ICS personnel) free of conflicts of interest to conduct 
independent and impartial inspections, at least annually. Consistent 
with the scope of an on-site inspection of any organic producer, the 
inspection of a grower group member should cover all areas of the 
organic system plan, including a review of all production or gathering 
areas managed by each grower group member, all post-harvest handling 
and storage facilities, inputs and resources used, and records 
maintained by each grower group member and grower group production 
unit. ICS personnel must also conduct mass-balance audits of each 
grower group member, grower group production unit, and handling 
facility, including reconciliation of individual grower group member 
and grower group production unit production with the grower group 
operation's sales. ICS personnel conducting inspections should focus on 
critical organic control points such as buffer areas, condition of 
crops and/or wild crops, soil quality indicators, input and equipment 
use and storage areas, and level of understanding of organic 
requirements by the grower group members AMS expects that qualified ICS 
personnel would be familiar with the local production practices, 
general organic production and handling practices, the USDA organic 
regulations, ICS procedures and regulations, and be fluent in the 
language(s) of the grower group members and the ICS.
    Finally, AMS proposes a requirement that the ICS must develop and 
implement procedures to ensure that all production and handling 
activities of the grower group operation are compliant with the USDA 
organic regulations. This includes recordkeeping which demonstrates 
complete audit trails for all crops and/or wild crops sold, labeled, or 
represented as organic by the grower group operation, and a system to 
sanction noncompliant members, production units, and handling 
facilities of the grower group operation so that those members, 
production units, and handling facilities do not jeopardize the 
compliance status of the grower group operation.
On-Site Inspections by the Certifying Agent
    This proposed rule would establish requirements for how certifying 
agents must conduct annual on-site inspections of grower group 
operations. The certifying agent would need to inspect the ICS, review 
internal inspections conducted by the ICS, and observe ICS personnel 
conducting inspections. Certifying agents would need to inspect each 
handling facility and inspect at least 1.4 times the square root of the 
total number of grower group members. This number must include all 
high-risk members (determined according to the criteria in proposed 
Sec.  205.400(g)(8)), and at least one grower member in each grower 
group production unit (as defined in Sec.  205.2), to ensure all grower 
group production units are inspected.
    Inspections should include a full inspection of the growing or 
gathering areas and records of the grower group members selected. 
Selection of members should include all high-risk members; however, the 
certifying agent should also select members from across the risk 
spectrum--including lower-risk members. This may require a sample size 
larger than the minimum required by the proposed regulation (i.e., more 
than 1.4 times the square root of the number of grower group members). 
As a best practice, after all risk-based and other inspection selection 
criteria are satisfied, certifying agents should randomly select the 
remaining member inspections so that different lower-risk grower group 
members are inspected each year.
    The square root sampling methodology was formalized for use by 
agricultural regulatory inspectors by the Association of Official 
Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) in 1927.\53\ The formula used was the 
square root (Sqrt) of the lot size (N) + 1. The 1.4 multiplier aligns 
with the highest minimum sampling number under the IFOAM accreditation 
system and therefore provides a common minimum sampling number for all 
grower group operations around the world. All numbers must be rounded 
up to the next whole number (e.g., 50 members = 10 inspections, 100 
members = 14 inspections, 500 members = 32 inspections, and 1000 
members = 45 inspections).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \53\ Blanck, F.C. (1927). ``Report of the Committee on 
Sampling,'' J. Assoc. Official Agricultural Chemists, 10, 92-98. The 
square root sampling scheme was developed in the 1920s as a sampling 
scheme for agricultural regulatory inspectors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Risk-based inspections rely upon certifying agents having policies 
and procedures to determine the risk factors associated with grower 
group operations. The certifying agent should apply the risk assessment 
procedures to determine and instruct the inspector on which grower 
group members to inspect. When assessing the risks of the grower group 
operation to determine which grower group members to inspect, the 
certifying agent should consider:
     Noncompliance history;
     The criteria used to designate a collection of grower 
group members as a single grower group production unit;
     Application of prohibited materials adjacent to member 
fields;
     Split or parallel operations (i.e., they are also 
producing nonorganic crops and/or wild crops);
     Integrated crop-livestock systems;
     Grower group members with incomes greater than $5000 USD 
per year;
     The procurement, availability and distribution of inputs 
and resources to members;
     The prevalence of nonorganic production of similar crops 
in the region;
     Geographic proximity of grower group members and grower 
group production units;
     Post-harvest handling practices designed to prevent 
comingling and contact with prohibited substances;
     New entrants to the grower group operation;
     Size of grower group member's production or gathering 
areas; and
     Significant expansion of a grower group member's 
production area.
    As a best practice, the inspection of the ICS should also include: 
Document review; auditing of production and sales/distribution records; 
reconciliation of product inventory; review of procurement and 
distribution of inputs; review of the inspections conducted by the ICS; 
review of ICS personnel qualifications; witness audits to observe ICS 
inspectors; review of noncompliance actions for grower group members; 
examination of organic control points and high-risk areas; interviews 
with managers responsible for the OSP, governance of the ICS, and 
grower group members and individuals overseen by the ICS; and review of 
training provided to ICS staff and grower group members.
Request for Comment
    AMS seeks public comment regarding the certification of grower 
group operations, including answers to the following questions:
    1. Should there be limits on gross sales or field sizes of 
individual grower group members? If yes, please describe these limits.

[[Page 47571]]

    2. Should there be a limit on the maximum number of members allowed 
in a grower group operation or in a grower group production unit? If 
yes, please describe these limits.
    3. Should there be a limit to the geographical distribution of 
members? This includes limits to the maximum geographical proximity or 
distance between grower group members, grower group production or 
gathering areas, or grower group production units within a single 
grower group operation. If yes, please describe these limits.

                                           17--Calculating the Percentage of Organically Produced Ingredients
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.302(a)(1)............................  Revise......................  Dividing the total net weight (excluding water and salt) of combined organic
                                                                          ingredients at formulation by the total weight (excluding water and salt) of
                                                                          all ingredients.
205.302(a)(2)............................  Revise......................  Dividing the fluid volume of all organic ingredients (excluding water and salt)
                                                                          at formulation by the fluid volume of all ingredients (excluding water and
                                                                          salt) if the product and ingredients are liquid. If the liquid product is
                                                                          identified on the principal display panel or information panel as being
                                                                          reconstituted from concentrates, the calculation should be made based on
                                                                          single-strength concentrations of the ingredients and all ingredients.
205.302(a)(3)............................  Revise......................  For products containing organically produced ingredients in both solid and
                                                                          liquid form, dividing the combined weight of the solid organic ingredients and
                                                                          the weight of the liquid organic ingredients (excluding water and salt) at
                                                                          formulation by the total weight (excluding water and salt) of all ingredients.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    While most of this proposed rule focuses on certification and 
compliance provisions, clarification of standards is also a critical 
element of organic integrity. To ensure cross-industry consistency in 
the certification of multi-ingredient processed products, AMS proposes 
revising Sec.  205.302, which describes how to calculate the organic 
content of multi-ingredient products. This calculation is performed by 
certifying agents to classify products as ``100% organic,'' 
``organic,'' or ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food 
group(s)).'' The proposed revisions would streamline calculations and 
ensure consistent enforcement of the USDA organic regulations.
    The USDA organic regulations (Sec.  205.302(a)) describe how to 
measure or quantify the organic content in a multi-ingredient product. 
To calculate organic content, the weight or volume of the organic 
ingredients is divided by the total weight or volume of the product. 
Water and salt added as ingredients are excluded from the calculation.
    Section 205.302(a) currently refers to ``finished product'' and 
includes the phrase ``total weight of the finished product.'' This 
terminology has created confusion, unnecessary paperwork burden, and 
enforcement challenges for certifying agents and organic handlers, as 
it is not clear if ``finished product'' is meant to specifically 
describe the product after processing or if it simply means the sum of 
all ingredients at the time of formulation. The proposed changes would 
clarify that the calculation of organic content is to be made at the 
time of formulation, regardless of whether processing (currently 
defined at Sec.  205.2) occurs after formulation.
    When ingredients are combined and subsequently processed (e.g., 
cooked, baked, dehydrated, freeze dried), the post-processing weight of 
all ingredients can be less than the weight of all ingredients at the 
time of formulation due to loss of water from ingredients (i.e., not 
added water). Calculating organic content based on the weight of 
ingredients at formulation divided by the weight of the finished 
product (after processing) could result in a calculation of organic 
content in excess of 100 percent, which is not possible. The same can 
be true of calculations based on fluid volume, as allowed at Sec.  
205.302(a)(2). AMS is proposing these changes to ensure accurate and 
consistent calculation of organic content by requiring calculation at 
the time of formulation.
    In December 2016, AMS published draft guidance \54\ on the topic of 
calculating organic content to respond to an April 2013 NOSB 
recommendation,\55\ inform the public of AMS' current thinking, and to 
invite public comment.\56\ The calculation of organic content described 
in this proposed rule is consistent with NOP 5037. AMS received no 
objections via public comments to calculating organic content based on 
the weight of ingredients at the time of formulation. The proposed 
changes are consistent with the NOSB recommendation to amend Sec.  
205.302(a)(1)-(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ The draft guidance and comments can be viewed at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=AMS-NOP-16-0085-0001 and in the NOP 
Program Handbook: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP5037DraftGuidancePercentCalculations.pdf.
    \55\ NOSB Recommendation, Calculating Percentage Organic in 
Multi-Ingredient Products, April 11, 2013: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20CACC%20Final%20Rec%20Calculating%20Percentage.pdf.
    \56\ Notice of Draft Guidance for Calculating the Percentage of 
Organic Ingredients in Multi-Ingredient Products, December 6, 2016: 
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/12/06/2016-29173/national-organic-program-notice-of-draft-guidance-for-calculating-the-percentage-of-organic.

                                               18--Supply Chain Traceability and Organic Fraud Prevention
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Section                              Action                                              Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.2....................................  Add new term................  Organic fraud. Intentional deception for illicit economic gain, where
                                                                          nonorganic products are labeled, sold, or represented as ``100 percent
                                                                          organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food
                                                                          group(s)).''
205.103(b)(2)............................  Revise......................  Fully disclose all activities and transactions of the certified operation in
                                                                          sufficient detail as to be readily understood and audited, including
                                                                          identification in records of products as ``100% organic,'' ``organic,'' or
                                                                          ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)),'' as applicable;
205.103(b)(3)............................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate as paragraph (b)(4).

[[Page 47572]]

 
205.103(b)(4)............................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate as paragraph (b)(5).
205.103(b)(3)............................  Add.........................  Include audit trail documentation for product handled or produced by the
                                                                          certified operation;
205.201(a)(3)............................  Revise......................  A description of the monitoring practices and procedures to be performed and
                                                                          maintained, including the frequency with which they will be performed, to
                                                                          verify that the plan is effectively implemented. This must include a
                                                                          description of the monitoring practices and procedures to verify suppliers in
                                                                          the supply chain and organic status of products received, and to prevent
                                                                          organic fraud, as appropriate to the certified operation's activities;
205.501(a)(10)...........................  Revise......................  Maintain strict confidentiality with respect to its clients under the
                                                                          applicable organic certification program and not disclose to third parties
                                                                          (except for the Secretary or the applicable State organic program's governing
                                                                          State official or their authorized representatives) any business-related
                                                                          information concerning any client obtained while implementing the regulations
                                                                          in this part, except:
205.501(a)(10)(i)........................  Add.........................  For information that must be made available to any member of the public, as
                                                                          provided for in Sec.   205.504(b)(5);
205.501(a)(10)(ii).......................  Add.........................  For enforcement purposes, certifying agents must exchange any compliance-
                                                                          related information that is credibly needed to certify, decertify, or
                                                                          investigate an operation, including for the purpose of verifying supply chain
                                                                          traceability and audit trail documentation; and
205.501(a)(10)(iii)......................  Add.........................  If a certified operation's proprietary business information is compliance-
                                                                          related and thus credibly needed to certify, decertify, or investigate that
                                                                          operation, certifying agents may exchange that information for the purposes of
                                                                          enforcing the Act, but the information in question still retains its
                                                                          proprietary character even after it is exchanged and all of the certifying
                                                                          agents that are involved in the exchange still have a duty to preserve the
                                                                          confidentiality of that information after the exchange.
205.501(a)(13)...........................  Revise......................  Accept the certification decisions made by another certifying agent accredited
                                                                          or accepted by USDA pursuant to Sec.   205.500. Certifying agents must provide
                                                                          information to other certifying agents to ensure organic integrity or to
                                                                          enforce organic regulations, including to verify supply chain integrity,
                                                                          authenticate the organic status of certified products, and conduct
                                                                          investigations;
205.501(a)(21)...........................  Redesignate.................  Redesignate as paragraph (a)(23).
205.501(a)(21)...........................  Add.........................  Annually, conduct risk-based supply chain audits to verify organic status of a
                                                                          product(s) of a certified operation(s) it certifies, back to the source(s).
205.504(b)(4)............................  Revise......................  A copy of the procedures to be used for sharing information with other
                                                                          certifying agents and for maintaining the confidentiality of any business-
                                                                          related information as set forth in Sec.   205.501(a)(10);
205.504(b)(7)............................  Add.........................  A copy of the criteria to identify high-risk operations and products; and
                                                                          procedures to conduct risk-based supply chain audits, as required in Sec.
                                                                          205.501(a)(21); and procedures to report credible evidence of organic fraud to
                                                                          the Administrator.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This proposed rule addresses many different sections of the USDA 
organic regulations to enhance oversight, protect the integrity of the 
organic label, and assure consumers that organic products meet a 
consistent standard (see 7 U.S.C. 6501). Perhaps the most critical 
component, and one which affects all aspects of this proposed rule, is 
supply chain traceability from source to consumer (i.e., ``farm to 
table'').
    Because organic products are credence goods, the organic system 
relies upon on trust between entities in organic supply chains.\57\ 
Therefore, traceability and verification are essential to the function 
of a healthy organic market. This is especially true today, with 
organic supply chains growing longer and more complex. Organic products 
and ingredients are often handled by dozens of operations, including 
many uncertified entities, on their way to the consumer. This may 
expose organic products to greater risk--including opportunities for 
mishandling and fraud.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \57\ A credence good is something with value or qualities that 
cannot be easily determined by the consumer before, or even after, 
purchase.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Underlying the value of the USDA organic label is an assumption 
that organic products are not compromised at any step in the supply 
chain. To verify the source at any step in the supply chain would 
require complete visibility of the entire supply chain. However, 
certified operations and certifying agents do not generally have access 
to this information. Organic certification is typically verified back 
to the last certified organic operation in the supply chain. In complex 
supply chains, where products and ingredients are often handled 
multiple times, information about a product's source may be difficult 
to verify, especially where source information/origin is intentionally 
obscured by some parties in the supply chain to protect confidential 
business information.
    Many parts of this proposed rule have already discussed ways to 
address and improve supply chain traceability, largely through indirect 
methods. These include:
     Clarifying who needs to be certified, including previously 
excluded operations (Sec.  205.101);
     NOP Import Certificates (Sec.  205.273);
     Clear identification of organic status and lot numbers on 
nonretail containers (Sec.  205.307);
     Trace-back audits and mass-balance audits during on-site 
inspections (Sec.  205.403);
     Specific qualification and training standards for organic 
inspectors and certification review personnel (Sec.  205.501); and
     Additional reporting of information about certified 
organic operations in the Organic INTEGRITY Database (Sec.  205.501).
    These proposed amendments will improve the industry's ability to 
perform trace-back audits (and therefore ensure organic integrity). 
However, AMS also proposes several additional amendments to more 
directly address traceability. AMS expects both certified operations 
and accredited certifying agents to share responsibility for product 
traceability. The following proposed amendments will clarify

[[Page 47573]]

expectations for trace-back audits and product verification:
     Organic operations must maintain audit trail documentation 
to facilitate supply chain traceability, including identification of 
products as organic on documents (Sec.  205.103);
     Organic operations must describe in their organic system 
plan the monitoring practices and procedures used to prevent organic 
fraud and verify suppliers and organic product status (Sec.  205.201);
     Certifying agents must share information with other 
certifying agents to verify supply chains and conduct investigations 
(Sec.  205.501 and Sec.  205.504); and
     Certifying agents must have procedures for (1) identifying 
high-risk operations and agricultural products to conduct risk-based 
supply chain audits and for (2) reporting credible evidence of organic 
fraud to the USDA (Sec.  205.504).
    All successful systems of traceability include three common 
elements: (1) Traceability within a single operation; (2) traceability 
one step forward and one step back from an operation in a supply chain; 
and (3) bidirectional traceability along an entire supply chain, source 
to consumer, by a third party. The proposed rule supports traceability 
by clarifying who is responsible for each element: Certified organic 
operations are responsible for traceability within their operation, 
back to their suppliers, and forward to their customers; certifying 
agents are responsible for tracing products along a supply chain back 
to their origin, and assessing the traceability efforts of operations.
    This proposed rule would also add the new term organic fraud, 
defined as intentional deception for illicit economic gain, where 
nonorganic products are labeled, sold, or represented as organic. AMS 
is including organic fraud to clarify actions this proposed rule is 
intended to reduce.

Certified Operations

    This proposed rule would require certified operations to maintain 
an audit trail for products that they produce, receive, and/or handle. 
In addition, certified operations would be required to describe and 
implement a plan to: (1) Detect and prevent organic fraud in any 
organic product that they produce, receive and/or handle; and (2) 
identify, verify, and document their suppliers. These changes are 
proposed to ensure that certified operations keep documentation that is 
sufficient to verify the source, ownership history, and movement of 
organic products (see audit trail definition in Sec.  205.2) and to 
take measures to verify that the organic product they receive is 
legitimately represented as organic. These proposed amendments are 
intended to support AMS' goal of full supply chain traceability.
    Although all entities in a supply chain are responsible for organic 
integrity, these proposed amendments do not intend to shift liability 
from one operation to another. An operation that encounters fraud 
committed by a supplier may not be liable for that fraud, provided that 
the operation, while following adequate detection and prevention 
procedures, did not detect the fraud or deliberately continue to 
represent a fraudulent product as organic.
    AMS proposes amending the recordkeeping requirements at Sec.  
205.103(b)(2) to clarify that records maintained by certified 
operations must identify agricultural products as ``100% organic,'' 
``organic,'' or ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food 
group(s)), as applicable. This proposed amendment is needed to ensure 
that a product's organic status is clear throughout the audit trail. 
AMS anticipates that most organic operations already maintain records 
that meet this requirement, because product-specific records are 
generally a good business practice and are necessary to ensure that 
records are auditable. This proposed action is not intended to limit an 
operation's flexibility to use alternative abbreviations or indicators 
of a product's organic status on nonretail labels or other 
recordkeeping. This may include use of abbreviations such as ``MWO'' 
(i.e., ``made with organic''), ORG (i.e., ``organic''), color 
designations, or other tracking systems that are used internally within 
a certified organic operation to denote a product's organic status. 
Retail labels must continue to comply with the requirements at Subpart 
D--Labels, Labeling, and Market Information.
    The USDA organic regulations currently require certified operations 
to maintain records that fully disclose all activities and transactions 
in sufficient detail to be readily understood and audited (Sec.  
205.103(b)(2)). The regulations also define the term audit trail but do 
not use this term within the regulations. By inserting audit trail into 
the recordkeeping requirements, this proposed rule clarifies the type 
and extent of records that a certified operation needs to maintain.
    Lastly, AMS proposes that certified operations must describe and 
implement practices to verify the organic status of suppliers and 
products in their supply chain and to prevent organic fraud. Such 
procedures and practices are often referred to as ``fraud prevention 
plans.'' Under the current organic regulations, certified operations 
are already required to describe in their organic system plan (OSP) 
``monitoring practices and procedures'' to ``verify that the [OSP] is 
effectively implemented'' (7 CFR 205.201(a)(3)). This proposed rule 
would explicitly state that an OSP must describe how existing 
monitoring and verification practices are used to verify suppliers and 
products and detect and prevent fraud. This will ensure that certified 
operations use appropriate and effective means to prevent organic 
fraud, help maintain organic integrity as products travel along a 
supply chain, and help certifying agents to assess the effectiveness of 
certified operations' anti-fraud efforts.
    Traceability is a shared responsibility across all entities in a 
supply chain, but the use of effective procedures at the operation 
level is especially critical. Certified operations have first-hand 
knowledge of their supply chains and are therefore better able to 
detect and prevent fraud than a third party. Operation-level 
traceability is also key to full supply chain trace backs; a gap or 
deficiency of information at any step may prevent a full trace-back. As 
part of a larger integrated system of traceability, fraud prevention 
plans and procedures allow certified operations to verify that the 
products in their supply chains are compliant with the USDA organic 
regulations, and have been handled only by certified organic operations 
(see 7 U.S.C. 6506(a)(1)).
    The scope and complexity of a fraud prevention plan will depend on 
the type of operation. For example, AMS does not expect a producer who 
does not handle products produced by another operation to develop 
supplier verification practices, beyond verifying that any purchased 
inputs meet organic requirements. In contrast, a processer that 
receives many organic ingredients from numerous suppliers would need to 
augment their organic system plan to describe practices to minimize 
organic fraud risks in lengthy supply chains.
    In general, AMS expects that a robust plan for supply chain 
oversight and organic fraud prevention would include:
     A map or inventory of the operation's supply chain which 
identifies suppliers;
     Identification of critical control points in the supply 
chain where organic fraud or loss of organic status are most likely to 
occur;

[[Page 47574]]

     A vulnerability assessment to identify weaknesses in the 
operation's practices and supply chain;
     Practices for verifying the organic status of any product 
they use;
     A process to verify suppliers and minimize supplier risk 
to organic integrity;
     Mitigation measures to correct vulnerabilities and 
minimize risks;
     Monitoring practices and verification tools to assess the 
effectiveness of mitigation measures; and
     A process for reporting suspected organic fraud to 
certifying agents and the NOP.
    AMS is aware of private initiatives in the organic sector to 
develop best practices for organic operations to detect and prevent 
organic fraud.\58\ We predict that these best practices will provide 
organic operations with practical tools to assess, monitor, and 
mitigate organic fraud risks within their organic supply chains.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ A good example is the Organic Trade Association's ``Organic 
Fraud Prevention Solutions'' project: https://ota.com/OrganicFraudPrevention.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Certifying Agents
    To facilitate trace-back audits, investigations, and verification, 
AMS proposes amending the organic regulations to clarify that 
certifying agents must share information with one another for the 
purposes of certification and enforcement. This change would not affect 
the existing requirement that certifying agents maintain strict 
confidentiality with respect to its clients and not disclose business-
related information to third parties that are not involved in the 
regulation or certification of operations, as required by the OFPA (7 
U.S.C. 6515(f)). For enforcement purposes, certifying agents must 
exchange any compliance-related information that is credibly needed to 
investigate an operation to determine compliance with the USDA organic 
regulations. Certifying agents must share information during any 
investigation to make a compliance determination, including assessment 
of applications for certification, noncompliance investigations, and 
suspension/revocation of certification.
    If a certified operation's proprietary business information is 
compliance-related and thus credibly needed to certify, decertify, and/
or investigate that operation, certifying agents are to exchange that 
information for the purposes of enforcing the Act; however, the 
information in question still retains its proprietary character even 
after it is exchanged, and all certifying agents involved in the 
exchange still have a duty to preserve the confidentiality of that 
information after the exchange. AMS expects that this change will 
support verification of the organic integrity of product as it moves 
through the supply chain while maintaining confidentiality of 
information outside of the required parties.
    Finally, AMS is proposing a requirement that certifying agents 
develop and maintain procedures and criteria for identifying which 
operations and products among those it certifies are at high risk for 
organic fraud. Identifying organic fraud is a key role of certifying 
agents, and the OFPA requires that certifying agents fully implement 
organic law and regulations (7 U.S.C. 6515(a)) and that appropriate and 
adequate enforcement procedures be employed (7 U.S.C. 6506(a)(7)). The 
proposed rule would require that certifying agents conduct supply chain 
audits on a sample of operations and products which it determines to be 
high-risk.
    AMS expects that certifying agents would need to develop risk-
assessment criteria by identifying the characteristics of operations, 
agricultural products, and supply chains which are vulnerable to 
organic fraud or unintentional mishandling. These could include: 
Products for which there is a relatively high demand, low supply, and 
high organic premium; products which may be subject to treatment with 
prohibited substances after production; unpackaged products which are 
not enclosed in final retail containers; products with multiple 
handlers in the supply chain; products from a supplier that lacks a 
record of compliance; a sudden increase in the available supply of an 
organic product or commodity; operations which change certifying agents 
frequently; and operations which are certified by more than one 
certifying agent. A certifying agent could rank or weight these 
vulnerabilities and determine that the presence of a certain number of 
these factors equates to high risk, while also considering the total 
volume of product produced or handled by the operation. The 
vulnerability criteria would change based on market trends, enforcement 
actions, and changing practices within the organic industry; certifying 
agents would need to ensure that the procedures and criteria remain 
applicable and accurate. Because a product or operation's level of risk 
may change over time, it is important that certifying agents conduct 
supply chain audits of lower-risk products (in addition to supply chain 
audits of high-risk products) to support proactive fraud prevention and 
detection.
    The proposed rule does not establish a specific metric for the 
number of annual supply chain audits that a certifying agent needs to 
conduct, because the quantity and types of high-risk operations will 
vary by certifying agent. The supply chain audits should adequately 
assess high-risk areas. AMS recognizes that certifying agents' ability 
to conduct supply chain audits depends on the implementation of other 
requirements in this proposed rule, for example, certification of 
previously excluded operations (e.g., brokers, traders, importers, and 
other trade facilitators) and the mandatory use of NOP Import 
Certificates. Therefore, we expect that certifying agents will increase 
the number of supply chain audits they conduct annually as this rule is 
fully implemented and use of technology for supply chain traceability 
is more widely adopted among certified operations. By requiring written 
procedures, AMS expects that certifying agents will make better use of 
information sharing with other certifying agents to assess organic 
integrity. As a requirement of accreditation, certifying agents' 
processes and procedures would be reviewed during regular accreditation 
audits.
    A final proposed change requires that certifying agents report 
credible evidence of organic fraud to AMS. This requirement is expected 
to help AMS take action against bad actors more quickly and is required 
by the OFPA at 7 U.S.C. 6519(c)(4). Certifying agents will need to 
develop procedures for evaluating evidence to determine if evidence is 
credible and develop procedures for reporting suspected organic fraud. 
USDA will review these procedures and examine specific cases during 
regular accreditation audits.
Electronic Supply Chain Traceability Systems
    In addition to the amendments proposed above, AMS will continue to 
work toward its goal of full supply chain traceability and fully 
verifiable organic products to support and enforce the OFPA 
requirements (see 7 U.S.C. 6506(a)(1)). Looking forward, AMS expects 
electronic tracking systems, including digital ledger technology (DLT), 
will play an essential role in supply chain traceability. DLT can 
provide secure, verifiable, transparent, and near-instantaneous 
tracking at the item level in complex supply chains. Critically, DLT 
can also protect confidential business information and trade secret 
information by

[[Page 47575]]

automatically restricting sensitive information to authorized entities. 
The utility of electronic tracking in food systems has been 
demonstrated by several successful, high-profile pilot programs.\59\ 
AMS expects interest within the community to grow as stakeholders 
realize the potential of this technology.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ Walmart partnered with IBM to create blockchain 
traceability systems for mangos and pork: https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/3712-food-traceability-on-blockchain-walmart-s-pork-and-mango-pilots-with-ibm. Nestle is testing a public 
blockchain for milk supply chains: https://www.forbes.com/sites/benjaminpirus/2019/07/09/nestle-tests-public-blockchain-for-dairy-supply-chain/#7a89053b5f0f. Bumble Bee Foods partnered with SAP to 
trace yellowfin tuna with blockchain technology: https://news.sap.com/2019/03/bumble-bee-foods-sap-create-blockchain-track-fish/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Electronic supply chain tracking systems have the potential to 
address many of the issues discussed in this proposed rule. However, 
they are often based on emergent technology; additional time and 
development is required before a universal electronic system could 
feasibly be implemented across the organic industry. Barriers to 
widespread adoption of an electronic tracking system include inadequate 
access to technology and connectivity in rural areas, acceptance of 
universal electronic standards (interoperability), and distribution of 
costs. Despite these barriers, AMS encourages the development and use 
of electronic tracking systems. We anticipate that electronic tracking 
technologies will allow AMS to achieve its goal of full supply chain 
traceability, and foresee incorporation of electronic tracking systems 
into future enforcement strategies.
Request for Comment
    AMS seeks comment from the public and organic stakeholders 
regarding the proposed amendments to address supply chain traceability 
and organic fraud, including answers to the following questions:
    1. Does the proposed definition of organic fraud encompass the 
types of fraudulent activities you witness in the organic supply chain?
    2. Should certifying agents be required to perform a minimum number 
of trace-back audits each year?
    3. Should more specific fraud prevention criteria be included in 
the regulation?

                                                                19--Technical Corrections
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Section                                Current text                          Action                          Proposed text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
205.301(f)(2).........................  Be produced using ionizing radiation,       Revise..................  Be processed using ionizing radiation,
                                         pursuant to Sec.   205.105(f);                                        pursuant to Sec.   205.105(f);
205.301(f)(3).........................  Be processed using sewage sludge, pursuant  Revise..................  Be produced using sewage sludge, pursuant
                                         to Sec.   205.105(g);                                                 to Sec.   205.105(g);
205.400(b)............................  Establish, implement, and update annually   Revise..................  Establish, implement, and update annually
                                         an organic production or handling system                              an organic production or handling system
                                         plan that is submitted to an accredited                               plan that is submitted to an accredited
                                         certifying agent as provided for in Sec.                              certifying agent as provided for in Sec.
                                          205.200;                                                              205.201;
205.401(a)............................  An organic production or handling system    Revise..................  An organic production or handling system
                                         plan, as required in Sec.   205.200;                                  plan, as required in Sec.   205.201;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS proposes amending Sec.  205.301 to correct a technical error in 
the description of the prohibition of ionizing radiation and sewage 
sludge. A previous technical correction (80 FR 6429) contained an error 
in the language used to describe the prohibition on ionizing radiation 
and sewage sludge. The terms ``produced'' and ``processed'' are 
erroneously used to describe the use of ionizing radiation and sewage 
sludge, respectively, in the current regulatory text. This proposed 
action would correct the language at paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(3) to 
clarify that all products labeled as ``100% organic'' or ``organic'' 
and all ingredients identified as organic in the ingredient statement 
of any product must not be processed using ionizing radiation or 
produced using sewage sludge.
    AMS also proposes amending Sec. Sec.  205.400(b) and 205.401(a), to 
correct the reference to organic system plans (Sec.  205.201), which is 
incorrectly cited in the current organic regulation.

20. Additional Amendments Considered but not Included in This Proposed 
Rule

Packaged Product Labeling
    If implemented, the proposed amendments to Sec. Sec.  205.2 and 
205.100-101 would require the certification of operations that sell or 
represent organic products. This would include operations in ``private-
label'' relationships; both the operation that produced/processed the 
organic product (the ``contract manufacturer''), and the operation that 
sells the product under its own label (the ``brand name'' or 
``distributor''), would require certification under this proposed rule. 
However, the current regulations, at Sec. Sec.  205.303-304, do not 
clearly specify which certified operation and certifying agent must be 
listed on the label of a private-label organic product. This causes 
inconsistent interpretation of the regulation and variable labeling 
practices. Part of the challenge is variation in the terms used to 
describe the operations involved in the manufacturing, labeling, and 
distribution of packaged products. AMS considered amending the labeling 
requirements for packaged products to better align with the proposed 
updates to Sec. Sec.  205.100-101 and clarify who is responsible for 
the compliance of private-labeled organic products. Amending the 
labeling requirements of Sec. Sec.  205.303-304 may also improve 
traceability and transparency, and ease verification of organic status. 
Although AMS has chosen not to include packaged product labeling 
amendments in this proposed rule, we seek public comment on the 
following questions regarding private-labeled organic products. Please 
explain how your answers could improve organic integrity and 
transparency, and facilitate the verification and traceability of 
organic products.
    1. For private-label packaged products, which certified 
operation(s) should be listed on the retail label (brand name/
distributor, contract manufacturer, or both)?
    2. Which certifying agent(s) should be listed?
    3. Should the certifying agent listed on a label always be the 
certifying agent of the certified operation listed on the label (i.e., 
should the certifying agent match the operation)?

[[Page 47576]]

    4. Should listing contract manufacturers on labels be mandatory? 
Should it be optional?
    5. What terminology should be used to describe private-labeled 
organic products?
    6. What terminology should be used to describe the operations 
involved in packaged product or private labeling (e.g., brand name 
manufacturer, contract manufacturer, and distributor)?
Expiration of Certification
    In this proposed rule, AMS proposes requiring expiration dates on 
organic certificates (without the expiration date affecting the status 
of an operation's certification). AMS also considered proposing 
expiration of certification, in which an operation's certification 
would expire on an annual basis if the operation did not submit fees 
and update its certificate of organic operation. Expiration of 
certification would fundamentally shift the current process of 
certification, which allows organic certification to continue until 
certification is surrendered, suspended, or revoked. Although AMS has 
decided not to include annual expiration of certification in this 
proposed rule, AMS seeks comment on the following questions:
    1. How might annual expiration of certification improve organic 
integrity?
    2. What are the limitations of requiring expiration of 
certification?
    3. What minimum requirements must be met before renewing 
certification?
    4. Could an operation with unresolved adverse actions renew 
certification?
    5. Would a grace period be appropriate for operations that failed 
to renew by the expiration date? If so, what length grace period would 
be appropriate?
    6. What process should exist for an operation to regain organic 
certification should it allow its certification to expire?
    7. Should certifying agents notify certified operations of their 
upcoming expiration of certification?
Fees to AMS and Oversight of Certifying Agents' Fees
    Since the final rule establishing the National Organic Program 
(NOP) was first published in the Federal Register in 2000, the 
production, marketing, and sale of organic foods has undergone 
tremendous growth. The proposed rule is intended to strengthen 
enforcement of the USDA organic regulations through many actions, 
including strengthened certification processes and coverage of 
importers, brokers, and traders of organic products. Section 2107 
(a)(10) of the Act allows the NOP to include fees from producers, 
certifying agents and handlers. AMS periodically reviews the fees for 
accreditation and accreditation services to ensure that they are in 
compliance with Circular A-25.\60\ AMS also oversees the NOP fees that 
certifying agents and others charge for their services. AMS is seeking 
public comments in this proposed rule on how fees in the NOP could 
strengthen testing and enforcement across all stakeholders to ensure 
that the NOP keeps pace with the rapid growth and better serves the 
industry.
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    \60\ https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Circular-025.pdf.
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IV. Statutory and Regulatory Authority

A. Summary of Economic Analyses

    This rule is regulatory meets the definition of a significant 
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, therefore triggering the 
requirements set forth in Executive Order 13771. The Executive Order 
13771 value is $7.3 million, discounted at 7 percent, annualized over a 
15-year time horizon. The impact of benefits are likely to result in a 
rule that would have an annual effect of $100 million or more on the 
economy. See Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) Memorandum titled 
``Interim Guidance Implementing Section 2 of the Executive Order of 
January 30, 2017, titled `Reducing Regulation and Controlling 
Regulatory Costs' '' (February 2, 2017).\61\
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    \61\ Interim Guidance Implementing Section 2 of the Executive 
Order of January 30, 2017, titled `Reducing Regulation and 
Controlling Regulatory Costs': https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/briefing-room/presidential-actions/related-omb-material/eo_iterim_guidance_reducing_regulations_controlling_regulatory_costs.pdf.
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    Executive Orders 12866, 13563, and 13771 control regulatory 
review.62 63 Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct 
agencies to assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory 
alternatives, and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory 
approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, 
environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts, 
and equity). Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of 
quantifying both costs and benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, 
and promoting flexibility.\64\ Executive Order 13771 directs Agencies 
to identify at least two existing regulations to be repealed for every 
new regulation unless prohibited by law. The total incremental cost of 
all regulations issued in a given fiscal year must have costs within 
the amount of incremental costs allowed by the Director of OMB, unless 
otherwise required by law or approved in writing by the Director of 
OMB.
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    \62\ Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, 
September 30, 1993: https://www.reginfo.gov/public/jsp/Utilities/EO_12866.pdf.
    \63\ Executive Order 13771, Reducing Regulation and Controlling 
Regulatory Costs, January 30, 2017: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-controlling-regulatory-costs/.
    \64\ https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/13563.
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    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601-612) requires agencies 
to consider the economic impact of each rule on small entities and 
evaluate alternatives that would accomplish the objectives of the rule 
without unduly burdening small entities or erecting barriers that would 
restrict their ability to compete in the market.
    AMS proposes amending several portions of the USDA organic 
regulations (7 CFR part 205) to strengthen oversight and enforcement of 
the production, handling, sale, and marketing of organic agricultural 
products in the United States. Parts of the current regulations lack 
requirements for traceability and oversight throughout the organic 
supply chain. This creates vulnerabilities for fraud in the organic 
market and inconsistent certification practices to mitigate that risk. 
The proposed amendments would reduce the types of operations exempt 
from organic certification (e.g., brokers, traders, importers, and 
exporters); require the mandatory use of NOP Import Certificates for 
all shipments of organic products imported to the United States; and 
clarify recordkeeping and fraud prevention procedures. Additional 
amendments would further clarify organic labeling, accreditation, and 
certification requirements. Collectively, these proposed amendments 
would address gaps in the organic standards to deter organic fraud and 
create a level playing field for farms and businesses. This will assure 
consumers and stakeholders that organic products meet a robust, 
consistent standard, and reinforce the value of the organic label.
    The new and modified organic standards in this proposed rule would 
affect: Certifying agents; certified operations (farms, processers, and 
handlers); and operations that are currently excluded or exempt from 
organic certification (e.g., brokers, traders, importers, exporters).
    The costs associated with this proposed rule are primarily due to 
new or additional reporting and recordkeeping (paperwork) activities. 
In

[[Page 47577]]

addition, there is some cost associated with currently excluded and 
exempt operations becoming certified to handle organic products. AMS 
estimated the benefits of this proposed rule by quantifying the organic 
fraud that will be prevented by implementation of the proposed rule; 
the potential benefits are expected to outweigh the estimated costs. 
Total costs and benefits of the proposed rule are summarized in Table 1 
in the Executive Summary of this document.
    AMS also performed additional analysis to determine the proposed 
rule's impact to small businesses. This analysis revealed that small 
businesses producing, selling, handling, and marketing organic products 
would not be adversely affected by the amendments proposed in this 
rule. AMS expects that most of the entities affected by this proposed 
rule are small businesses as defined by Small Business Administration 
criteria. For each category of affected entity (certifying agents, 
certified operations, and exempt or excluded operations that need to 
become certified), AMS estimates that the costs of the proposed rule 
for each business type would be less than 1 percent of the annual 
revenue.
    A full economic analysis of this proposed rule is available at 
https://www.regulations.gov/. AMS invites the public to comment on the 
economic analysis. You may submit comments on this proposed rule and 
economic analysis to the Federal eRulemaking Portal at https://www.regulations.gov/. You can access this proposed rule, economic 
analysis, and instructions for submitting public comments by searching 
for document number AMS-NOP-17-0065.

B. Executive Order 12988

    Executive Order 12988 instructs each executive agency to adhere to 
certain requirements in the development of new and revised regulations 
in order to avoid unduly burdening the court system. This proposed rule 
is not intended to have a retroactive effect. To prevent duplicative 
regulation, states and local jurisdictions are preempted under the OFPA 
from creating programs of accreditation for private persons or state 
officials who want to become certifying agents of organic farms or 
handling operations. A governing state official would have to apply to 
USDA to be accredited as a certifying agent, as described in section 
6514(b) of the OFPA. States are also preempted under Sec. Sec.  6503 
through 6507 of the OFPA from creating certification programs to 
certify organic farms or handling operations unless the state programs 
have been submitted to, and approved by, the Secretary as meeting the 
requirements of the OFPA.
    Pursuant to Sec.  6507(b)(2) of the OFPA, a state organic 
certification program that has been approved by the Secretary may, 
under certain circumstances, contain additional requirements for the 
production and handling of agricultural products organically produced 
in the state and for the certification of organic farm and handling 
operations located within the state. Such additional requirements must 
(a) further the purposes of the OFPA, (b) not be inconsistent with the 
OFPA, (c) not be discriminatory toward agricultural commodities 
organically produced in other States, and (d) not be effective until 
approved by the Secretary.
    In addition, pursuant to Sec.  6519(c)(6) of the OFPA, this final 
rule does not supersede or alter the authority of the Secretary under 
the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601-624), the Poultry 
Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451-471), or the Egg Products 
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 1031-1056), concerning meat, poultry, and egg 
products, respectively, nor any of the authorities of the Secretary of 
Health and Human Services under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 
(21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), nor the authority of the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, 
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.).

C. Paperwork Reduction Act

    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 
3501-3520) (PRA), AMS is requesting OMB approval for a new information 
collection totaling 275,417 hours for the reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements contained in this proposed rule. OMB previously approved 
information collection requirements associated with the NOP and 
assigned OMB control number 0581-0191. AMS intends to merge this new 
information collection, upon OMB approval, into the approved 0581-0191 
collection. Below, AMS has described and estimated the annual burden, 
i.e., the amount of time and cost of labor, for entities to prepare and 
maintain information to participate in this proposed voluntary labeling 
program. The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA), as amended, 
provides authority for this action.\65\
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    \65\ The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990, 7 U.S.C. 6501-
6524, is the statute from which the Agricultural Marketing Service 
derives authority to administer the NOP, and authority to amend the 
regulations as described in this proposed rule. This document is 
available at: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title7/chapter94&edition=prelim.
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    Title: National Organic Program.
    OMB Control Number: 0581-NEW.
    Expiration Date of Approval: 3 years from OMB date of approval.
    Type of Request: New collection.
Abstract
    Information collection and recordkeeping are necessary to implement 
reporting and recordkeeping necessitated by amendments to Sec. Sec.  
205.2, 205.100, 205.101, 205.103, 205.201, 205.273, 205.300-205.302, 
205.307, 205.310, 205.400, 205.403-205.404, 205.406, 205.500-501, 
205.504, 205.511, 205.660-205.663, 205.665, 205.680, and 205.681 of the 
USDA organic regulations to protect organic product integrity and build 
consumer and industry trust in the USDA organic label. The proposed 
rule would strengthen organic control systems, improve organic import 
oversight, clarify organic certification standards, and enhance farm to 
market traceability, using a risk-based approach to oversight to assure 
consumers that organically produced products meet a consistent 
standard.
    This proposed rule would amend several sections of the USDA organic 
regulations, 7 CFR part 205, to strengthen the NOP's ability to oversee 
and enforce the production, handling, marketing, and sale of organic 
agricultural products as established by the OFPA. This proposed rule 
would improve organic integrity throughout the organic supply chain and 
benefit stakeholders at all levels of the organic industry. The 
proposed amendments would close gaps in the current regulations to 
build consistent certification practices, deter organic fraud, and 
improve transparency and product traceability. The NOP identified the 
need for many of the proposed amendments as part of its direct 
experience in administering this program, particularly via complaint 
investigation and audits of certifying agents. Other proposed 
amendments are based on recent amendments to the OFPA included in the 
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018; \66\ the recommendations of a 2017 
Office of Inspector General audit; \67\ the

[[Page 47578]]

recommendations of the federal advisory committee to the NOP, the 
National Organic Standards Board (NOSB); and industry stakeholder 
feedback.
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    \66\ The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law No: 
115-334), commonly known as the ``2018 farm bill,'' is available at 
https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf. 
Organic certification is discussed in Title X, Section 10104.
    \67\ The National Organic Program International Trade 
Arrangements and Agreements Audit Report 01601-0001-21, September 
2017: https://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/01601-0001-21.pdf.
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    This proposed rule will strengthen enforcement with amendments to 
the USDA organic regulations and will modify the reporting and 
recordkeeping burdens as summarized below.
    1. Reduces the types of uncertified handling operations in the 
organic supply chain that operate without USDA oversight.\68\ The 
proposed amendments would require certification of operations that 
facilitate the sale or trade of organic products, including but not 
limited to, brokers, importers, and traders. These handlers would be 
required to obtain organic certification by developing an organic 
system plan (OSP) to describe the practices and procedures used in 
their operations. Certifying agents customize the format of the OSP to 
cover standards applicable to the operations seeking certification. 
Because traders and brokers do not farm or manufacture organic 
products, the OSPs for traders and brokers would address fewer sections 
of the current rule than OSPs for operations that farm or manufacture 
organic products. Therefore, reporting impacts for traders and brokers 
are estimated at 40 hours for each uncertified handling operation to 
prepare its initial OSP. AMS estimates a recordkeeping burden of 10 
hours annually. The estimated annual reporting burden for each entity 
to update its OSP in future years is 20 hours (Sec. Sec.  205.2, 
205.100, 205. 101, and 205.103).
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    \68\ Mandated by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. See 
section 10104(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2. Requires all currently certified organic operations and new 
applicants to describe their procedures for monitoring, verifying, and 
demonstrating the organic status of their suppliers and the products 
received to prevent organic fraud. This information would be part of 
the OSP. AMS estimates that each currently certified operation and 
applicant seeking certification would need 30 minutes to describe the 
supply chain verification procedures and monitoring practices proposed 
by this regulation (Sec. Sec.  205.103 and 205.201).
    3. Requires that each shipment of organic products imported into 
the United States through U.S. Ports of Entry must be declared as 
organic to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and associated with 
an NOP Import Certificate (NOP 2110-1) \69\ or an equivalent data 
source.\70\ The NOP Import Certificate contains specific information 
about the quantity and source of a specific physical shipment of 
imported organic products. NOP Import Certificates are currently used 
for organic products imported from countries with which the NOP holds 
equivalency arrangements. This proposed rule would expand and make 
compulsory the use of NOP Import Certificates, regardless of an 
imported product's country of origin. AMS estimates that exporters and 
certifying agents would need 30 minutes to report mandatory data, and 
prepare and review the NOP Import Certificate, respectively. AMS 
estimates that importers would need an average of one-tenth (0.1) of an 
hour, or 6 minutes, to compare the shipping manifest with the NOP 
Import Certificate to verify the accuracy and organic compliance of 
each shipment (Sec. Sec.  205.273 and 205.300).
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    \69\ Office of Management and Budget (OMB)-approved form NOP 
2110-1 NOP Import Certificate: https://www.ams.usda.gov/resources/nop-2110-1.
    \70\ Mandated by The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 
(OFPA), as amended by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. See 
sections 10104(b)-(c).
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    4. Clarifies that previously optional information must now be 
provided on nonretail container labels used to ship or store organic 
products. Along with the production lot number that is already 
required, nonretail labels would need: (1) The word ``organic'' to 
identify the product as organic; and (2) the name of the certifying 
agent that certified the product. These changes would help maintain the 
integrity of organic products by reducing misidentification and 
mishandling, facilitating traceability through the supply chain, 
reducing organic fraud, and allowing accurate identification of organic 
product by customs officials and transportation agents. AMS estimates 
that producers and/or processers would need one-tenth (0.1) of an hour, 
or 6 minutes, to add the word ``organic'' and the name of the 
certifying agent to the labels that are displayed on nonretail 
containers (Sec.  205.307).
    5. Codifies current practices for the certification of groups of 
crop producers as a single operation.\71\ The proposed rule describes 
the criteria to qualify as a grower group, how grower group operations 
can comply with the existing USDA organic regulations, and how 
certifying agents should inspect these operations. It also sets a risk-
based benchmark to determine how many grower group members in an 
operation need to be inspected annually. AMS expects that these 
requirements would not add to current paperwork impacts for grower 
group operations to prepare an OSP and maintain their certification, or 
for certifying agents and inspectors auditing and inspecting these 
operations for compliance with organic standards (Sec. Sec.  204.400 
and 204.403).
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    \71\ NOP Policy Memo 11-10, Grower Group Certification, October 
31, 2011: https:/www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP-11-
10-GroupGrowerCert.pdf.
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    6. Requires certifying agents to create fraud prevention procedures 
to: (1) Identify high-risk operations, supply chains, and agricultural 
products, (2) conduct risk-based unannounced inspections and supply 
chain trace-back and mass-balance audits, (3) share information with 
other certifying agents to verify supply chains and conduct 
investigations, and (4) report credible evidence of organic fraud to 
the USDA. AMS estimates each certifying agent would spend one hour 
documenting these procedures (Sec. Sec.  205.403, 205.501 and 205.504).
    7. Requires that certifying agents conduct unannounced inspections 
on at least 5% of the operations they certify, which is the current 
recommended practice in NOP Instruction 2609.\72\ For the purposes of 
estimating paperwork impacts, AMS expects that half of the unannounced 
inspections (2.5% of total inspections) would meet the requirement for 
a full annual inspection and would not impact current paperwork burden. 
The remaining half of the unannounced inspections (2.5% of total 
inspections) would target high-risk operations and supply chains and 
would not count as a full annual inspection. Examples of targeted, 
limited-scope unannounced inspections include, but are not limited to, 
verifying livestock on pasture or performing targeted mass-balance and 
trace-back audits. AMS estimates that the paperwork impacts associated 
with these unannounced inspections would average inspectors 5 hours per 
inspection; half of the estimated 10 hours for a full annual inspection 
(Sec.  205.403).
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    \72\ NOP 2609, Instruction, Unannounced Inspections. September 
12, 2012. Available in the NOP Program Handbook: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/2609.pdf.
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    8. Requires certifying agents to issue standardized certificates of 
organic operation generated from the USDA's publicly available Organic 
Integrity Database (INTEGRITY).\73\ This would require an initial 
upload of mandatory data for each operation and maintenance, at least 
annually, to ensure that data in INTEGRITY are current and accurate. 
Currently, all certifying agents have voluntarily uploaded and maintain 
50% or more

[[Page 47579]]

data on all certified operations per the recommendations found in the 
NOP's Data Quality Best Practices.\74\ The proposed amendments would 
require a new, one-time burden of reporting hours for certifying agents 
to upload remaining data pertaining to currently certified operations 
into INTEGRITY for the first time. It is estimated that uploading these 
data into INTEGRITY would require 30 minutes for each operation and 
would be performed by administrative support personnel who have a lower 
wage rate than review and compliance staff.
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    \73\ Organic Integrity Database: https://organic.ams.usda.gov/integrity/.
    \74\ Data Quality Best Practices: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/INTEGRITY%20Data%20Quality.pdf.
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    The proposed amendments would simultaneously eliminate the 
requirement to physically mail the Administrator or State Organic 
Program paper copies of: (1) The list of operations certified annually; 
(2) notifications of proposed adverse actions, approvals, or denials of 
corrective actions; and (3) notifications of executions of adverse 
actions regarding certified operations or operations applying for 
certification (Sec. Sec.  205.404 and 205.501). AMS is not seeking to 
modify the estimate of paperwork burden associated with these changes 
in requirements because any change would be trivial and these 
activities and tasks are still occurring electronically as a part of 
maintaining the data on all operations over time.
    9. Requires certifying agents to submit their decision criteria for 
acceptance of mediation, and a process for identifying personnel 
conducting mediation and setting up mediation sessions with its 
administrative policies and procedures provided in Sec.  205.504(b). 
AMS estimates each certifying agent would spend one hour documenting 
these procedures that they are already implementing.
    10. Clarifies how certified operations may submit annual updates to 
their OSP. This includes practices or procedures that have changed 
since their last approved OSP, rather than submitting an OSP in its 
entirety. This would reduce unnecessary paperwork without compromising 
oversight because operations would continue to maintain an OSP that 
accurately reflects current practices and procedures of the operation. 
This codifies current policy and does not modify the paperwork burden 
(Sec.  205.406).
    11. Requires certifying agents to establish inspection oversight 
procedures and demonstrate that they are sufficiently staffed with 
qualified personnel and that all inspectors, certification reviewers, 
and in-field evaluators meet knowledge, skills, and experience 
qualifications. AMS estimates that each certifying agent would spend 60 
minutes to draft policies and procedures for conducting inspector field 
evaluations. Further, certifying agents must observe an inspector 
performing an on-site inspection at least once every three years. AMS 
estimates each certifying agent would conduct an average of four 
inspector field evaluations per year and that this activity would 
require 7.5 hours per evaluation (Sec. Sec.  205.2 and 205.501).
    12. Requires inspectors and certification review staff to complete 
an additional 10 hours of training annually.\75\ Through two audits 
every 5 years, AMS estimates that inspectors and certification review 
staff currently receive at least 10 hours of training per year from 
certifying agents on topics related to the USDA organic regulations. 
Inspectors and certification review personnel play a crucial role in 
determining whether an operation is granted organic certification 
initially and whether certified operations are compliant with the USDA 
organic regulations. Certification review personnel may also serve as 
inspectors. AMS is proposing an additional 10 hours of training 
annually, calculated as two (2) five-hour trainings. Training offered 
by the NOP through its new online Organic Integrity Learning Center 
(OILC) and training provided by the certifying agents or other 
providers may qualify towards the total of 20 hours of required 
training (Sec. Sec.  205.2 and 205.501).
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    \75\ Ten hours of training are accounted for in the 2020 
Information Collections Renewal for the NOP (AMS-NOP-19-0090; OMB 
Control Number: 0581-0191). Our internal onsite accreditation audit 
checklist used by our accreditation audit team includes a question 
on training. With the implementation of this rule, the specific 
hours of training offered by our 78 certifying agents will be 
documented.
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    13. Clarifies AMS responsibilities for equivalent organic 
conformity with foreign governments.\76\ The OFPA at Sec.  6505(b), and 
the current USDA organic regulations at Sec.  205.500(c), provide the 
authority to establish organic equivalency. The proposed regulations 
describe the criteria, scope, and other parameters for ongoing peer 
review audits of foreign organic conformity systems to determine 
whether the USDA should continue, revise, or terminate such trade 
arrangements. These peer review audits of trade arrangements would 
occur twice within a five-year period and would result in new periodic 
paperwork impacts for foreign governments. AMS estimates the paperwork 
impacts for foreign governments when USDA reviews the applicable trade 
arrangement to be 60 hours per year, which is comparable to the 
estimated paperwork impacts for AMS audits of certifying agents (Sec.  
205.511).
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    \76\ Currently, the United States has established organic trade 
arrangements with Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom 
(effective January 2021), India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South 
Korea, Taiwan, and Switzerland.
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Respondents
    AMS has identified four primary types of entities (respondents) 
that would need to submit and maintain information as a result of this 
proposed rule: Certified organic operations; accredited certifying 
agents; organic inspectors; and foreign governments. Three respondent 
types--certified operations (producers and handlers), certifying 
agents, and inspectors--have been identified in a currently approved 
information collection (0581-0191). To implement a 2018 Farm Bill 
mandate, AMS is requiring certification of additional types of 
operations in the organic supply chain and regular audits of trade 
arrangements with foreign governments.\77\ This adds new types of 
handlers as a subcategory of certified operations and foreign 
governments as a new type of respondent.
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    \77\ See Section 10104(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018, Public Law No: 115-334, available at: https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ334/PLAW-115publ334.pdf.
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    To more precisely understand the paperwork impacts of this proposed 
rule, AMS has divided the categories of respondents into domestic and 
foreign, as appropriate, to show the potential impacts on domestic-
based versus foreign-based USDA-accredited certifying agents, 
inspectors, and certified operations, along with foreign-accredited 
certifying agents, and foreign- governments serving as accrediting 
bodies. For each type of respondent, we describe the general paperwork 
submission and recordkeeping activities and estimate: (1) The number of 
respondents; (2) the hours they spend, annually, creating and storing 
records to meet the paperwork requirements of the organic labeling 
program; and (3) the costs of those activities based on prevailing 
domestic and foreign wages and benefits.
    1. Certifying agents. Certifying agents are State, private, or 
foreign entities accredited by the USDA, or by accreditation bodies of 
foreign governments with whom USDA has equivalency, to certify domestic 
and foreign producers and handlers as organic in accordance with the 
OFPA

[[Page 47580]]

and the USDA organic regulations. Certifying agents determine whether a 
producer or handler meets the organic requirements, using detailed 
information from the operation about its specific practices and on-site 
inspection reports from organic inspectors. Currently, there are 78 
USDA-accredited certifying agents (46 are based in the United States 
and 32 are headquartered in foreign countries). Both domestic- and 
foreign-based USDA-accredited certifying agents certify operations 
based in the United States and abroad. AMS assumes all currently 
accredited certifying agents evaluate all types of production and 
handling operations for compliance with the USDA organic regulations 
and would be subject to the reporting and recordkeeping burdens of the 
proposed amendments. In addition, AMS assumes there are 32 foreign 
government-accredited foreign-based certifying agents that certify 
handlers to the USDA organic regulations and that would issue NOP 
Import Certificates, or their equivalent, for organic product shipments 
to the United States.\78\
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    \78\ An estimate based on the number of foreign-based USDA 
accredited certifying agents.
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    Certifying agents of operations that export to the United States 
would need to issue import certificates for all shipments of imported 
organic products. The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) Global 
Agricultural Trade System (GATS) showed 67,023 shipments of organic 
product coming into the U.S. in 2017.\79\ Thirty-two (32) USDA-
accredited certifying agents based in foreign countries certify 92% of 
the foreign operations certified under USDA organic standards. Of the 
46 domestic-based USDA accredited certifying agents, 16 certifying 
agents certify 8% of the foreign operations certified under USDA.\80\ 
This means that 30 domestic-based USDA-accredited certify agents only 
certify domestic-based operations that do not import foreign organic 
products or ingredients. AMS estimates 32 foreign-accredited certifying 
agents that certify foreign operations under trade agreements.\81\ AMS 
would review documents regarding imports during the accreditation 
audits of USDA-accredited certifying agents. AMS estimates 30 minutes 
for: (1) USDA-accredited domestic-based certifying agents to work with 
their foreign-based operations to prepare the NOP Import Certificate 
(Form NOP 2110-1) for 8% of 67,023 annual shipments; (2) USDA-
accredited foreign-based certifying agents to work with their foreign-
based operations to prepare the NOP Import Certificate for 46% of 
67,023 annual shipments; and (3) foreign-accredited certifying agents 
to work with their foreign-based operations to prepare the NOP Import 
Certificate for 46% of 67,023 annual shipments.
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    \79\ Data source: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) Global 
Agricultural Trade System (GATS). Select: Partners, World Total, 
Product Type, Imports--General, Products: All Aggregates; Product 
Groups: Organic--Selected: https://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx.
    \80\ Organic Integrity Database: https://organic.ams.usda.gov/integrity/.
    \81\ An estimate based on the number of foreign-based USDA-
accredited certifying agents.
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    AMS is proposing amendments that would reduce the current paperwork 
burden of accredited certifying agents by eliminating the need to 
provide notices of approval or denial of certification to the 
Administrator following the issuance of a notice of noncompliance or 
adverse action to an applicant for certification. Also, the proposed 
rule removes the annual requirement for certifying agents to submit by 
January 2 an annual list of operations certified. Certifying agents 
would instead be required to update data in INTEGRITY for each 
operation they certify. AMS is not seeking to modify the estimate of 
paperwork burden with these changes in requirements because any change 
would be trivial. These activities and tasks are still occurring 
electronically as a part of maintaining the data on all operations over 
time. In addition, all USDA-accredited certifying agents would need to 
write procedures to identify high-risk operations and products they 
certify and procedures to conduct supply-chain audits of those high-
risk products. Certifying agents would also be required to issue 
organic certificates generated by INTEGRITY. Certifying agents would be 
required to write procedures to demonstrate how they are sufficiently 
staffed and that all persons who perform certification review 
activities and on-site inspections (inspectors) are qualified and 
complying with annual training requirements increased from 10 hours to 
20 hours per year. Certifying agents would also be required to write 
mediation procedures as per Sec.  205.504(b).
    AMS projects that the proposed changes would increase the overall 
reporting and recordkeeping burden for certifying agents (See Summary 
Table 1: Certifying Agents). AMS estimates the annual collection cost 
per domestic-based USDA-accredited certifying agents would be 
$12,788.95.\82\ This cost is based on an estimated 123.36 labor hours 
per certifying agent per year for staff with certification review 
responsibilities at $45.91 per labor hour, including 31.7% benefits, 
for a total salary component of $5,663.55 per year.\83\ The estimated 
cost for domestic certifying agents also includes 300.24 labor hours 
per certifying agent per year for administrative support staff to 
upload data about certified operations to INTEGRITY at $23.73 per labor 
hour, including 31.7% benefits, for a total salary component of 
$7,125.40 per year.\84\
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    \82\ In this assessment, all domestic labor rates are sourced 
from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics National Compensation 
Survey, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2018: https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm. Domestic benefits are based on 
a Bureau of Labor Statistics News Release on Employer Costs for 
Employee Compensation, which states that benefits account for 31.7% 
of total average employer compensation costs. December 14, 2018: 
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/ecec.nr0.htm.
    \83\ The labor rate for certification review staff is based on 
Occupational Employment Statistics group 13-1041, Compliance 
Officers. Compliance officers examine, evaluate, and investigate 
eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing 
contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other 
compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not 
classified elsewhere.
    \84\ The labor rate for administrative support staff is based on 
Occupational Employment Statistics group 43-9199, Office and 
Administrative Support Workers, who support general office work and 
data entry functions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, AMS estimates the annual collection cost for all 
domestic-based USDA-accredited certifying agents would be $589,458.85. 
This cost is based on a total of 5,720.60 hours for all staff with 
certification review responsibilities at $45.91 per labor hour, 
including 31.1% benefits, for a total salary component of $262,636.29 
for all staff with certification review and procedure writing 
responsibilities of all domestic-based USDA-accredited certifying 
agents. The estimated cost for all domestic-based certifying agents 
also includes 13,771.19 hours total hours for administrative support 
staff uploading data about certified operations to INTEGRITY at $23.73 
per labor hour, including 31.7% benefits for a total salary component 
of $326,822.56.

[[Page 47581]]



                                                           Summary Table 1--Certifying Agents
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                               Cost/
                  Respondent categories                      Number of        Wages +        Hours per      respondent       Total all       Total all
                                                            respondents      benefits       respondent         type            hours           costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S.-Based USDA Certifying Agents.......................              46          $45.91          124.36       $5,709.37        5,720.60     $262,636.29
U.S.-Based USDA Certifying Agents--data entry...........              46           23.73          300.24        7,124.70       13,771.19      326,822.56
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal U.S.-Based USDA Certifying Agents..........              46  ..............  ..............       12,834.06       19,491.79      589,458.85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foreign-Based USDA Certifying Agents....................              32           24.59          547.74       13,468.93       17,527.63      430,181.78
Foreign-Based USDA Certifying Agents--data entry........              32           12.71          300.24        3,816.05        9,569.81      121,633.35
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal Foreign-Based USDA Certifying Agents.......              32  ..............  ..............       17,286.98       27,097.44      551,815.13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total USDA-Accredited Certifying Agents.................              78  ..............  ..............       30,119.04       46,589.23    1,141,273.98
Foreign-Accredited Certifying Agents....................              32           24.59          481.73       11,844.69       15,415.29      379,030.04
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total All Certifying Agents.........................             110  ..............  ..............  ..............       62,004.52    1,520,304.02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For foreign-based USDA-accredited certifying agents, AMS estimates 
the annual cost per certifying agent would be $17,527.63 per year. This 
cost is based on an estimated 547.74 labor hours for staff with 
certification review and procedure writing responsibilities at $24.59 
per labor hour, including 35.92% benefits, for a total salary component 
of $13,468.93 per foreign-based USDA-accredited certifying agent per 
year. These estimated costs primarily pertain to the issuance and 
review of NOP Import Certificates. The estimated cost for foreign-based 
USDA-accredited certifying agents also includes 300.24 labor hours per 
certifying agent per year for administrative support staff to upload 
data about certified operations to INTEGRITY at $12.71 per labor hour, 
including 35.92% benefits, for a total salary component of $3,816.08 
per year.\85\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \85\ In this assessment, all foreign labor rates are based on a 
review of World Bank data, which indicates that labor rates in 
foreign countries with USDA-accredited certifying agents are 
approximately 52% of equivalent U.S. labor rates: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Benefits are based 
on a review of data from the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation 
and Development (OECD), which indicates that benefits account for 
35.92% of total compensation in foreign countries with USDA-
accredited certifying agents: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AWCOMP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS estimates the annual collection cost for all foreign-based USDA 
accredited certifying agents would total $551,815.13. This cost is 
based on a total of 17,527.63 hours for all staff with certification 
review responsibilities at $24.59 per labor hour, including 35.92% 
benefits, for a total salary component of $430,181.78 for staff with 
certification review and procedure writing responsibilities of all 
foreign-based USDA-accredited certifying agents. The estimated cost for 
all foreign-based USDA-accredited certifying agents also includes 
9,569.81 hours total hours for administrative support staff uploading 
data about certified operations to INTEGRITY at $12.71 per labor hour, 
including 35.92% benefits, for a total salary component of $121,633.35.
    For foreign-accredited certifying agents, AMS estimates the annual 
cost will be $11,844.69 per certifying agent. This cost is based on an 
estimated 481.73 labor hours per year for staff to issue and review NOP 
Import Certificates, or an equivalent data source, at $24.59 per labor 
hour plus 35.92% benefits. The total for all foreign-accredited 
certifying agents is estimated to be $379,030.04. The cost is based on 
an estimated 15,415.29 total hours for all staff involved in the 
issuance and review of NOP Import Certificates, or an equivalent data 
source, at $24.59 per labor hour plus 35.92% benefits.
    The total cost for all certifying agents as a whole includes all 
costs for all 78 USDA-accredited certifying agents, domestic- and 
foreign-based, and all costs for the 32 foreign-accredited certifying 
agents who certify operations that export products to the U.S. The 
total costs for all certifying agents is $1,520,304.02. This cost is 
based on 62,004.52 total hours at their respective wage rates and 
benefits to comply with the proposed requirements.
    2. Organic Inspectors. Inspectors conduct on-site inspections of 
certified operations and operations applying for certification and 
report the findings to the certifying agent. Inspectors may be 
independent contractors or employees of certifying agents. Certified 
operations must be inspected annually, and a certifying agent may call 
for additional inspections or unannounced inspections on an as-needed 
basis (Sec.  205.403(a)). Any individuals who apply to conduct 
inspections of operations would need to submit information documenting 
their qualifications to the certifying agent (Sec.  205.504(a)(3)). 
Inspectors must also complete 20 hours of standardized organic training 
every year. AMS estimates that 10 hours per year for each inspector is 
a new paperwork burden associated with the proposed rule.
    Inspectors provide an inspection report to the certifying agent for 
each operation inspected (Sec.  205.403(e)) but are not expected to 
store the record. Currently, AMS estimates that inspectors spend 10 
hours on average to complete an inspection report for a full annual 
inspection of an organic operation. The additional unannounced 
inspections that would be newly required by this proposed rule are 
likely to be more limited in scope (such as pasture or dairy 
surveillance, or mass-balance and trace-back audits). AMS projects, on 
average, that inspectors would spend 5 hours to complete an inspection 
report for the unannounced targeted scope inspection. AMS Inspectors do 
not have recordkeeping obligations; certifying agents maintain the 
records of inspection reports (see Summary Table 2: Inspectors).

[[Page 47582]]



                                                               Summary Table 2--Inspectors
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                             Cost per
                  Respondent categories                      Number of        Wages +        Hours per      respondent       Total all       Total all
                                                            respondents      benefits       respondent         type            hours           costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USDA U.S.-based Inspectors..............................             148          $28.45           33.34         $948.43         4917.80     $139,897.57
USDA Foreign-based inspectors...........................             102           15.27           33.34          508.99         3417.45       52,172.66
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    All USDA Inspectors.................................             250  ..............  ..............  ..............         8335.25      192,070.23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    According to the International Organic Inspectors Association 
(IOIA), there are approximately 250 inspectors currently inspecting 
crop, livestock, handling, and/or wild crop operations that are 
certified or have applied for certification. AMS estimates that 148 
inspectors are working for USDA-accredited certifying agents in the 
U.S. For the additional training and unannounced targeted-scope 
inspections, AMS estimates the annual paperwork impact cost per 
domestic-based inspector to be $948.43. This is based on an estimated 
33.34 labor hours per year at $28.45 per labor hour, including 31.7% 
benefits. The total annual cost for all domestic-based inspectors is 
$139,897.57. This cost is based on 3,417 total hours for all domestic 
based inspectors at $28.45 per labor hour, including 31.7% 
benefits.\86\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \86\ The labor rate for inspectors is based on Occupational 
Employment Statistics group 45-2011, Agricultural Inspectors. 
Agricultural inspectors inspect agricultural commodities, processing 
equipment, facilities, and fish and logging operations to ensure 
compliance with regulations and laws governing health, quality, and 
safety.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS estimates that 102 inspectors are working for USDA-accredited 
certifying agents in foreign countries. AMS estimates the annual 
paperwork impact cost per foreign-based inspector to be $508.99. This 
estimate is based on an estimated 33.34 labor hours per year at $15.27 
labor hour, including 35.92% benefits for attending 10 hours of 
training and conducting 4.67 unannounced targeted scope inspections. 
There are no recordkeeping costs for inspectors. The total annual cost 
for all foreign-based inspectors is $52,172.66 at $15.27 per labor 
hour, including 35.92% benefits. The total annual cost for all 
inspectors working for USDA-accredited certifying agents is 
$192,070.23, at their respective wage rates and benefits.
    3. Producers and handlers. Domestic and foreign producers and 
handlers seeking organic certification must submit an OSP that details 
the practices and activities specific to their operation. Once 
certified, operations are required to update any changes in their 
operation or practices to their certifying agent at least annually.
    (a) Uncertified Handlers. This proposed rule would require that 
operations that facilitate the sale or trade of organic products--
including, but not limited to, brokers, importers, and traders--obtain 
certification and submit and maintain an OSP. AMS estimates that 961 
domestic,\87\ and an equal number of foreign-based, operations would 
need to become certified as a result of this rule. As stated 
previously, the OSPs for these handling operations would address fewer 
sections of the current rule than OSPs for operations that farm or 
manufacture organic products. Traders and brokers do not farm or 
manufacture organic products so the OSPs for traders and brokers would 
address fewer sections of the current rule than OSPs for operations 
that produce or manufacture organic products. Certifying agents 
customize the format of the OSP to cover standards applicable to the 
operations seeking certification. Therefore, AMS estimates that 
preparation of an initial OSP would require 40 reporting hours, plus 10 
hours of annual recordkeeping. The estimated annual reporting burden 
for each entity to update its OSP in future years is 20 hours (See 
Summary Table 3a: Uncertified Handlers).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \87\ These businesses are identified by NAICS Category 425: 
Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers. These 
businesses arrange for the sale of goods owned by others, generally 
on a fee or commission basis. They act on behalf of the buyers and 
sellers of goods. This subsector contains agents and brokers as well 
as business-to-business electronic markets that facilitate wholesale 
trade. Please refer to the ``Applicability and Exemptions from 
Certification (Sec. Sec.  205.100-101)'' chapter in the Regulatory 
Impact Analysis (RIA) for an explanation of how previously excluded 
domestic handlers were estimated.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    All operations that export organic products to the United States 
would need to request an NOP Import Certificate, or its equivalent, 
from their certifying agent for each organic shipment imported to the 
United States. Further, operations that import organic products would 
need to verify that each shipment is associated with and matches the 
data on an NOP Import Certificate, and that organic integrity was 
maintained throughout the import process. In addition, domestic and 
foreign handlers that would be required to obtain organic certification 
as a result of this proposed rule may also need to comply with the 
proposed requirements for labeling nonretail containers.

                                                         Summary Table 3a--Uncertified Handlers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                          Total cost per
                 Respondent categories                      Number of        Wages +     Total hours per    respondent       Total all       Total all
                                                           respondents      benefits        respondent         type            hours           costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Formerly Excluded Handlers--Domestic...................             961          $50.86            56.97       $2,897.49       54,752.30   $2,784,701.98
Formerly Excluded Handlers--Foreign....................             961           27.13            84.87        2,302.56       81,561.50    2,212,763.50
                                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    All Formerly Uncertified Handlers..................           1,922  ..............  ...............  ..............      136,313.80    4,997,465.47
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS estimates the annual paperwork impact for each domestic handler 
to prepare their initial organic system plan and to verify that 
imported shipments match their respective NOP Import Certificates is 
$2,897.71. This is based on an estimated 56.97 labor hours at $50.86 
per labor hour, including 31.7% benefits. The total cost to all 
previously

[[Page 47583]]

uncertified domestic handlers is $2,784,701.98. This cost is based on 
55,752.30 total labor hours at $50.86 per labor hour, including 31.7% 
benefits.\88\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \88\ For uncertified handlers, AMS chose to use the same labor 
rate as certified producers and handlers: Occupational Employment 
Statistics group 11-9013, Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural 
Managers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS estimates the annual paperwork impact for each foreign-based 
handler to prepare their initial organic system plan and to work with 
their certifying agent to prepare their NOP Import Certificates for the 
products they export is $2,302.56. This is based on an estimated 84.87 
labor hours per year at $27.13 per labor hour, which includes 35.92% 
for benefits. The total cost to all previously uncertified foreign 
handlers is $2,784,701.98. This cost is based on 55,752.30 total labor 
hours at $27.13 per labor hour, which includes 35.92% for benefits. 
Total costs to the 1922 previously uncertified handlers, domestic and 
foreign, is $4,997,465.47, based on 136,313.80 total labor hours at 
their respective domestic and foreign wage rates and benefits to 
prepare and keep their initial OSP and related records, and to prepare 
and review NOP Import Certificates for compliance.
    (b) Certified Operations and New Applicants under Current Rules. 
There currently are 42,259 organic operations worldwide that are 
certified to the USDA organic standards. Over the next 12 months, AMS 
expects 2,501 operations will seek organic certification, based on the 
5.9% rate of growth in number of operations observed in the last 12 
months under current rules.\89\ Therefore, AMS estimates that 26,408 
operations based in the United States, and 18,352 operations based in 
foreign countries, including the respective applicants for 
certification, will be impacted by this proposed rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \89\ Organic Integrity Database: https://organic.ams.usda.gov/integrity/. Calculated on April 3, 2019.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    All currently certified organic operations and projected new 
applicants would need to describe their procedures for monitoring, 
verifying and demonstrating the organic status of their suppliers and 
products received to prevent organic fraud as part of their initial or 
updated OSP. All certified organic operations would need to comply with 
the proposed nonretail labeling requirements, and would be required to 
keep all records about their organic production and/or handling for 
five years (Sec.  205.103(b)(3)). See Summary Table 3b: Certified 
Organic Operations and New Applicants.

                                            Summary Table 3b--Certified Organic Operations and New Applicants
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                            Total cost/
                  Respondent categories                      Number of        Wages +      Total hours/     respondent       Total all       Total all
                                                            respondents      benefits       respondent         type            hours           costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Certified Producers & Handlers--New and Existing                  26,408          $50.86            1.54          $78.33       47,815.50   $2,432,017.86
 Domestic...............................................
Certified Producers & Handlers--New and Existing Foreign          18,352           27.13            1.54           41.78       20,466.00      555,242.58
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    All New and Existing Producers & Handlers...........          44,760  ..............  ..............  ..............       68,281.50    2,987,260.44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS estimates that the average annual paperwork impact for domestic 
certified organic producers and handlers to create a fraud prevention 
procedure and to comply with nonretail labeling requirements is $78.33. 
This is based on an estimated 1.54 labor hours at $50.86 per labor 
hour, including 31.7% benefits. The total cost for all domestic 
certified organic producers and handlers to comply with these new 
requirements is $2,432,017.86. This cost is based on 47,815.50 labor 
hours at $50.86 per labor hour, including 31.7% benefits.\90\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \90\ The labor rate for producers and handlers is based on 
Occupational Employment Statistics group 11-9013, Farmers, Ranchers, 
and Other Agricultural Managers, who plan, direct, or coordinate the 
management or operation of farms, ranches, or other agricultural 
establishments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS estimates the average annual paperwork impact for foreign-based 
USDA-certified organic producers and handers to create a fraud 
prevention procedure and to comply with nonretail labeling requirements 
to be $41.78. This is based on an estimated 1.54 labor hours per year 
at $27.13 per labor hour, including 35.92% benefits. The total cost for 
all foreign producers and handlers certified to the USDA organic 
standards is $555,242.58. This cost is based on 20,446 labor hours year 
at $27.13 per labor hour, including 35.92% benefits. The total cost for 
the 44,760 current certified organic and projected new producers and 
handlers under current rules, both domestic and foreign, is $2,987,260. 
This cost is based on 68,281.50 labor hours at their respective 
domestic and foreign wages and benefits, to create their new fraud 
prevention procedures and comply with new nonretail label requirements.
    4. Foreign Governments. The USDA has arrangements with 10 foreign 
governments to facilitate the international trade of organic 
products.\91\ The current regulations address this authority in general 
terms under Sec.  205.500(c) but do not describe the criteria, scope, 
and other parameters to establish, oversee, or terminate such 
arrangements. The proposed rule describes equivalency determinations in 
more detail; this creates a new type of PRA respondent category. The 
proposed rule would allow a trade arrangement if AMS determines that 
the technical requirements and conformity assessment system under which 
foreign products labeled as organic are produced and handled are at 
least equivalent to the requirements of the OFPA and the USDA organic 
regulations. The proposed rule would also require periodic assessment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \91\ Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom (effective 
January 2021), India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, 
Taiwan, and Switzerland. Taiwan is not included in this assessment 
because costs were calculated prior to May 2020, when the United 
States-Taiwan equivalency arrangement became effective.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    AMS expects these periodic peer review assessments would be similar 
in depth and frequency to the audits of accrediting certifying agents 
under USDA organic regulations and estimates a comparable level of 
reporting and recordkeeping burden by foreign governments with whom AMS 
has negotiated trade arrangements. AMS estimates the annual collection 
cost per foreign government would be $1,721.15. This cost is based on 
an estimated 60 reporting labor hours and an estimated 10 hours of 
recordkeeping per foreign government per year at $24.59 per labor hour, 
including 35.92% benefits, for a total salary component of $1,721.15 
per

[[Page 47584]]

year. The total cost for all foreign governments, with whom AMS has 
negotiated trade arrangements, to allow AMS to determine whether their 
foreign products labeled as organic are produced and handled are at 
least equivalent to the requirements of the OFPA and the USDA organic 
regulations is $13,768.24. This cost is based on 560 total labor hours 
for all foreign governments at $24.59 per labor hour, including 35.92% 
benefits.\92\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \92\ The labor rate for foreign governments is estimated at 52% 
of the labor rate for Occupational Employment Statistics group 13-
1041, Compliance Officers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total (Domestic and Foreign) Information Collection Cost (Reporting and 
Recordkeeping) of Proposed Rule: $9,711,656 (Also, see Summary Table 4: 
All Reporting and Recordkeeping Hours and Costs, and All Domestic 
Reporting and Recordkeeping Hours and Costs)
Total All Reporting Burden Cost: $8,497,036
    Estimate of Burden: Public reporting burden for the collection of 
information is estimated to average .38 hours per year per response.
    Respondents: Certifying agents, certified operations, inspectors, 
and foreign governments.
    Estimated Number of Reporting Respondents: 47,050.
    Estimated Number of Reporting Responses: 644,269.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden on Reporting Respondents: 244,927 
hours.
    Estimated Total Annual Reporting Responses per Reporting 
Respondents: 13.69 reporting responses per reporting respondents.
Total All Recordkeeping Burden Cost: $1,214,620
    Estimate of Burden: Public recordkeeping burden is estimated to be 
an annual total of 0.65 hours per year per respondent.
    Respondents: Certifying agents, certified operations, and foreign 
governments.
    Estimated Number of Recordkeeping Respondents: 46,768.
    Estimated Total Recordkeeping Burden on Respondents: 30,568 hours.
    Estimated Total Recordkeeping Responses per Recordkeeping 
Respondents: 1 recordkeeping response per recordkeeping respondents.
Total Domestic Only Information Collection Cost (Reporting and 
Recordkeeping) of Proposed Rule: $5,946,076
Total Domestic Only Reporting Burden Cost: $5,119,399
    Estimate of Burden: Public domestic only reporting burden is 
estimated to be an annual total .29 hours per year per domestic 
respondent.
    Respondents: Certifying agents, certified operations, and 
inspectors.
    Estimated Number of Domestic Reporting Respondents: 27,563.
    Estimated Number of Domestic Reporting Responses: 380,119.
    Estimated Total Annual Reporting Burden on Domestic Respondents: 
110,719 hours.
    Estimated Total Domestic Reporting Responses per Reporting 
Respondents: 13.79 reporting response per reporting respondents.
Total Domestic Only Recordkeeping Burden Cost: $826,677
    Estimate of Burden: Public domestic only recordkeeping burden is 
estimated to be an annual total of 0.59 hours per year per respondent.
    Respondents: Certifying agents and certified operations.
    Estimated Number of Domestic Recordkeeping Respondents: 27,415.
    Estimated Total Annual Recordkeeping Burden on Domestic 
Respondents: 16,288 hours.
    Estimated Number of Domestic Recordkeeping Responses: 27,542.
    Estimated Total Domestic Recordkeeping Responses per Recordkeeping 
Respondents: 1 recordkeeping response per recordkeeping respondents.

  Summary Table 4--All Reporting and Recordkeeping Hours and Costs and All Domestic Reporting and Recordkeeping
                                                 Hours and Costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        Number of
                                          Hours           Costs        respondents         Respondent types
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Reporting & Recordkeeping....         275,495      $9,711,656          47,050  Certifying agents,
                                                                                      certified operations,
                                                                                      inspectors, and foreign
                                                                                      governments.
All Reporting......................         244,927       8,494,137          47,050  Certifying agents,
                                                                                      certified operations,
                                                                                      inspectors, and foreign
                                                                                      governments.
All Recordkeeping..................          30,568       1,214,620          46,768  Certifying agents,
                                                                                      certified operations, and
                                                                                      foreign governments.
Reporting & Recordkeeping--Domestic         126,977       5,946,076          27,563  Certifying agents,
                                                                                      certified operations, and
                                                                                      inspectors.
Domestic Reporting.................         110,719       5,119,399          27,563  Certifying agents,
                                                                                      certified operations, and
                                                                                      inspectors.
Domestic Recordkeeping.............          16,258         826,677          27,415  Certifying agents and
                                                                                      certified operations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Comments
    AMS is inviting comments from all interested parties concerning the 
information collection and recordkeeping required as a result of the 
proposed amendments to 7 CFR part 205. AMS seeks comment on the 
following subjects:
    1. Whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for 
the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including 
whether the information would have practical utility.
    2. The accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden of the 
proposed collection of information, including the validity of the 
methodology and assumptions used.
    3. Ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the 
information to be collected.
    4. Ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on 
those who are to respond, including the use of appropriate automated, 
electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or 
other forms of information technology.
    5. AMS estimates that the total number of certified organic 
operations will grow by 5.6% annually, based on the increase in 
operations recorded in INTEGRITY during the last 12 months. Is this a 
reasonable and accurate projection of future growth, given the

[[Page 47585]]

additional burdens imposed by this proposed rulemaking? \93\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \93\ Organic Integrity Database: https://organic.ams.usda.gov/integrity/. Calculated on April 3, 2019.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Comments that specifically pertain to the information collection 
and recordkeeping requirements of this proposed rule may be sent to the 
Federal eRulemaking Portal at https://www.regulations.gov/. You can 
access this proposed rule and instructions for submitting public 
comments by searching for document number, AMS-NOP-17-0065. Comments 
may also be sent to Valeria Frances, Agricultural Marketing Specialist, 
National Organic Program, USDA-AMS-NOP, Room 2642-So., Ag Stop 0268, 
1400 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20250-0268 and to the Desk 
Officer for Agriculture, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 
Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, 725 
17th Street NW, Room 725, Washington, DC 20503. Comments on the 
information collection and recordkeeping requirements should reference 
the date and page number of this issue of the Federal Register. All 
responses to this notice will be summarized and included in the request 
for OMB approval. All comments will become a matter of public record. 
The comment period for the information collection and recordkeeping 
requirements contained in this proposed rule is 60 days.

D. Executive Order 13175

    This rule has been reviewed in accordance with the requirements of 
Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal 
Governments. Executive Order 13175 requires Federal agencies to consult 
and coordinate with tribes on a government-to-government basis on 
policies that have tribal implications, including regulations, 
legislative comments or proposed legislation, and other policy 
statements or actions that have substantial direct effects on one or 
more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government 
and Indian tribes or on the distribution of power and responsibilities 
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.
    The USDA's Office of Tribal Relations (OTR) has assessed the impact 
of this rule on Indian tribes and determined that this rule does not 
have tribal implications that require consultation at this time. If a 
tribe requests consultation AMS will work with the OTR to ensure 
meaningful consultation is provided where changes, additions, and 
modifications identified herein are not expressly mandated by Congress.

E. Civil Rights Impact Analysis

    AMS has reviewed this proposed rule in accordance with the 
Department Regulation 4300-4, Civil Rights Impact Analysis, to address 
any major civil rights impacts the proposed rule might have on 
minorities, women, and persons with disabilities. AMS has determined 
that this proposed rule has no potential for affecting producers, 
handlers, certifying agents, or inspectors in protected groups 
differently than the general population of producers, handlers, 
certifying agents, or inspectors.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 205

    Administrative practice and procedure, Agriculture, Animals, 
Archives and records, Imports, Labeling, Organically produced products, 
Plants, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Seals and insignia, 
Soil conservation.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the United States 
Department of Agriculture proposes to amend 7 CFR part 205 as follows:

7 CFR PART 205--NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM

0
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR Part 205 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  7 U.S.C. 6501-6524.

0
2. Amend Sec.  205.2 by:
0
a. Revising the definitions ``Handle'', ``Handler'', and ``Handling 
operation'';
0
b. Removing the term ``Retail food establishment''; and
0
c. Adding in alphabetical order the terms ``Adverse action,'' 
``Certification activity,'' ``Certification office,'' ``Certification 
review,'' ``Conformity assessment system,'' ``Grower group member,'' 
``Grower group operation,'' ``Grower group production unit,'' 
INTEGRITY,'' ````Internal control system,'' ``Organic exporter,'' 
``Organic fraud,'' ``Organic importer of record,'' ``Retail 
operation,'' and ``Technical requirements''.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  205.2  Terms defined.

* * * * *
    Adverse action. A noncompliance decision that adversely affects 
certification, accreditation, or a person subject to the Act, including 
a proposed suspension or revocation; a denial of certification, 
accreditation, or reinstatement; a cease and desist notice; or a civil 
penalty.
* * * * *
    Certification activity. Any business conducted by a certifying 
agent, or by a person acting on behalf of a certifying agent, including 
but not limited to: Certification management; administration; 
application review; inspection planning; inspections; sampling; 
inspection report review; material review; label review; records 
retention; compliance review; investigating complaints and taking 
adverse actions; certification decisions; and issuing transaction 
certificates.
    Certification office. Any site or facility where certification 
activities are conducted, except for certification activities that 
occur at certified operations or applicants for certification, such as 
inspections and sampling.
* * * * *
    Certification review. The act of reviewing and evaluating a 
certified operation or applicant for certification and determining 
compliance with the USDA organic regulations. This does not include 
performing an inspection.
* * * * *
    Conformity assessment system. All activities undertaken by a 
government to ensure that the applicable technical requirements for the 
production, handling, and processing of organic agricultural products 
are fully and consistently applied from product to product.
* * * * *
    Grower group member. A person engaged in the activity of growing or 
gathering a crop and/or wild crop as a member of a grower group 
operation.
    Grower group operation. A single producer consisting of grower 
group members in geographical proximity governed by an internal control 
system under an organic system plan certified as a single crop and/or 
wild crop production and handling operation.
    Grower group production unit. A defined subgroup of grower group 
members in geographical proximity as a part of a single grower group 
operation that use similar practices and shared resources to grow or 
gather similar crops and/or wild crops.
    Handle. To sell, process, or package agricultural products, 
including but not limited to trading, facilitating sale or trade, 
brokering, repackaging, labeling, combining, containerizing, storing, 
receiving, or loading.
    Handler. Any person engaged in the business of handling 
agricultural products.
    Handling operation. Any operation or portion of an operation that 
handles agricultural products, except for

[[Page 47586]]

operations that are exempt from certification.
* * * * *
    INTEGRITY. The National Organic Program's electronic, web-based 
reporting tool for the submission of data, completion of certificates 
of organic operation, and other information, or its successors.
    Internal control system. An internal quality management system that 
establishes and governs the review, monitoring, training, and 
inspection of the grower group operation and the procurement and 
distribution of shared production and handling inputs and resources, to 
maintain compliance with the USDA organic regulations as a single 
producer.
* * * * *
    Organic exporter. The owner or final exporter of the organic 
product who facilitates the trade of, consigns, or arranges for the 
transport/shipping of the organic product from a foreign country.
    Organic fraud. Intentional deception for illicit economic gain, 
where nonorganic products are labeled, sold, or represented as ``100 
percent organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with organic (specified 
ingredients or food group(s)).''
    Organic importer of record. The operation responsible for accepting 
imported organic products within the United States.
* * * * *
    Retail operation. An operation that sells agricultural products 
directly to final consumers through in-person and/or virtual 
transactions.
* * * * *
    Technical requirements. A system of relevant laws, regulations, 
regulatory practices, and procedures that address the production, 
handling, and processing of organic agricultural products.
* * * * *
0
3. Amend Sec.  205.100 by revising paragraphs (a) and (c) introductory 
text to read as follows:


Sec.  205.100  What has to be certified.

    (a) Except for the exempt operations described in Sec.  205.101, 
each operation, or portion of an operation, that produces or handles 
agricultural products that are intended to be sold, labeled, or 
represented as ``100 percent organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with 
organic (specified ingredients or food group(s))'' must be certified 
according to the provisions of subpart E of this part and must meet all 
other applicable requirements of this part.
* * * * *
    (c) Any person or responsibly connected person that:
* * * * *
0
4. Revise Sec.  205.101 to read as follows:


Sec.  205.101  Exemptions from certification.

    The following operations in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this 
section are exempt from certification under subpart E of this part and 
from submitting an organic system plan for acceptance or approval under 
Sec.  205.201 but must comply with the applicable organic production 
and handling requirements of subpart C of this part, including the 
provisions for prevention of contact of organic products with 
prohibited substances set forth in Sec.  205.272, and the specific 
additional requirements stipulated in Sec.  205.101(a) through (f).
    (a) A production or handling operation that sells agricultural 
products as ``organic'' but whose gross agricultural income from 
organic sales totals $5,000 or less annually. The products from such 
operations must not be used as ingredients identified as organic in 
processed products produced by another handling operation. Such 
operations must comply with the labeling provisions of Sec.  205.310.
    (b) A retail operation or a portion of a retail operation that 
sells, but does not process, organically produced agricultural 
products.
    (c) A retail operation or portion of a retail operation that 
processes agricultural products that were previously labeled for retail 
sale as ``100 percent organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with organic 
(specified ingredients or food group(s)),'' provided that the products 
are processed onsite at the point of sale to the final consumer. Such 
operations must comply with the labeling provisions of Sec.  205.310, 
and must maintain records sufficient to:
    (1) Prove that agricultural products identified as organic were 
organically produced and handled; and
    (2) Verify quantities produced or sold from such agricultural 
products.
    (d) A handling operation or portion of a handling operation that 
only handles agricultural products that contain less than 70 percent 
organic ingredients (as described in Sec.  205.301(d)), or that only 
identifies organic ingredients on the information panel. Such 
operations must comply with the labeling provisions of Sec. Sec.  
205.305 and 205.310 and must maintain records sufficient to:
    (1) Prove that agricultural products identified as organic were 
organically produced and handled; and
    (2) Verify quantities produced or sold from such agricultural 
products.
    (e) An operation that only stores, receives, and/or loads 
agricultural products, but does not process or alter such agricultural 
products.
    (f) Records described in subparagraphs (a)-(d) of this section must 
be maintained for no less than 3 years beyond their creation, and the 
operations must allow representatives of the Secretary and the 
applicable State organic programs' governing State official access to 
these records for inspection and copying during normal business hours 
to determine compliance with the applicable regulations set forth in 
this part.
0
5. Amend Sec.  205.103 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (b)(2);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (b)(3)and (4) as paragraphs (b)(4) and (5); 
and
0
c. Adding new paragraph (b)(3).
    The revision and addition read as follows:


Sec.  205.103  Recordkeeping by certified operations.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Fully disclose all activities and transactions of the certified 
operation in sufficient detail as to be readily understood and audited, 
including identification in records of products as ``100% organic,'' 
``organic,'' or ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food 
group(s)),'' as applicable;
    (3) Include audit trail documentation for product handled or 
produced by the certified operation;
* * * * *
0
6. Amend Sec.  205.201 by:
0
a. Removing ``or excluded'' in paragraph (a) introductory text;
0
b. Revising paragraph (a)(3); and
0
c. Adding paragraph (c).
    The revision and addition read as follows:


Sec.  205.201  Organic production and handling system plan.

    (a) * * *
    (3) A description of the monitoring practices and procedures to be 
performed and maintained, including the frequency with which they will 
be performed, to verify that the plan is effectively implemented. This 
must include a description of the monitoring practices and procedures 
to verify suppliers in the supply chain and organic status of products 
received, and to prevent organic fraud, as appropriate to the certified 
operation's activities;
* * * * *
    (c) In addition to paragraph (a) of this section, a grower group 
operation's organic system plan must describe its internal control 
system. The description of the internal control system must:

[[Page 47587]]

    (1) Define the organizational structure, roles, and 
responsibilities of all personnel;
    (2) Identify grower group production units and locations;
    (3) Define geographical proximity criteria for grower group members 
and grower group production units;
    (4) Describe characteristics of high-risk grower group members and 
grower group production units;
    (5) Describe shared production practices and inputs;
    (6) Describe the internal monitoring, surveillance, and auditing 
methods used to assess the compliance of all grower group members;
    (7) Describe the system of sanctions for noncompliant grower group 
members, including procedures to address noncompliances detected among 
grower group members, impose sanctions, and remove grower group members 
when warranted, and procedures for reporting noncompliances to the 
certifying agent;
    (8) Describe measures to protect against potential conflicts of 
interest;
    (9) Describe how training, production and handling inputs, and 
other resources are procured and provided to all grower group members 
and personnel;
    (10) Have clear policies and procedures to verify the grower group 
operation's and grower group members' compliance with the USDA organic 
regulations; and
    (11) Address any other terms or conditions determined by the 
Administrator to be necessary to enforce compliance with the USDA 
organic regulations and the Act.
0
7. Add Sec.  205.273 to subpart C to read as follows:


Sec.  205.273  Imports to the United States.

    Each shipment of organic products imported into the United States 
through U.S. Ports of Entry must be certified pursuant to subpart E of 
this part, labeled pursuant to subpart D of this part, be declared as 
organic to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and be associated with a 
valid NOP Import Certificate (Form NOP 2110-1) or equivalent data 
source.
    (a) Persons exporting organic products to the United States must 
request an NOP Import Certificate, or provide data through an 
equivalent data source, from a certifying agent, for each physical 
shipment of certified organic products prior to their export. Only 
certifying agents accredited by the USDA or foreign certifying agents 
authorized under an organic trade arrangement may issue an NOP Import 
Certificate or approve a listing in an equivalent data source (e.g., a 
third-party export system).
    (b) The certifying agent must review an NOP Import Certificate 
request, determine whether the shipment complies with the USDA organic 
regulations, and issue the NOP Import Certificate or equivalent within 
30 calendar days of receipt if the shipment complies with the USDA 
organic regulations.
    (c) Each compliant organic shipment must be declared as organic to 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection through a U.S. Port of Entry by 
uploading the unique NOP Import Certificate, or equivalent electronic 
data entry, into the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's Automated 
Commercial Environment system.
    (d) Upon receiving a shipment with organic products, the organic 
importer of record must ensure the shipment is accompanied by a 
verified NOP Import Certificate or equivalent; must verify that the 
shipment contains only the quantity and type of certified organic 
product specified on the NOP Import Certificate or equivalent; and must 
verify that the shipment has had no contact with prohibited substances 
pursuant to Sec.  205.272 or exposure to ionizing radiation pursuant to 
Sec.  205.105, since export.
    (e) The use of the term equivalent in this section refers to 
electronic data, documents, identification numbers, databases, or other 
systems verified as an equivalent data source to the NOP Import 
Certificate.
0
8. Amend Sec.  205.300 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  205.300  Use of the term, ``organic.''

* * * * *
    (c) Products produced in a foreign country and exported for sale in 
the United States must be certified pursuant to subpart E of this part, 
labeled pursuant to this subpart D, and must comply with the 
requirements in Sec.  205.273, Imports to the United States.
* * * * *
0
9. Amend Sec.  205.301 by revising paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(3) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  205.301  Product composition.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (2) Be processed using ionizing radiation, pursuant to Sec.  
205.105(f);
    (3) Be produced using sewage sludge, pursuant to Sec.  205.105(g);
* * * * *
0
10. Amend Sec.  205.302 by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (2), and (3) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  205.302  Calculating the percentage of organically produced 
ingredients.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Dividing the total net weight (excluding water and salt) of 
combined organic ingredients at formulation by the total weight 
(excluding water and salt) of all ingredients.
    (2) Dividing the fluid volume of all organic ingredients (excluding 
water and salt) at formulation by the fluid volume of all ingredients 
(excluding water and salt) if the product and ingredients are liquid. 
If the liquid product is identified on the principal display panel or 
information panel as being reconstituted from concentrates, the 
calculation should be made based on single-strength concentrations of 
the ingredients and all ingredients.
    (3) For products containing organically produced ingredients in 
both solid and liquid form, dividing the combined weight of the solid 
organic ingredients and the weight of the liquid organic ingredients 
(excluding water and salt) at formulation by the total weight 
(excluding water and salt) of all ingredients.
* * * * *
0
11. Amend Sec.  205.307 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Revising paragraphs (a) and (b); and
0
c. Removing ``and excluded'' in paragraph (c)
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  205.307  Labeling of nonretail containers.

    (a) Nonretail containers used to ship or store certified organic 
product must display the following:
    (1) The term, ``100 percent organic,'' ``organic,'' or ``made with 
organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)),'' as applicable, to 
identify the product;
    (2) The statement, ``Certified organic by (name of certifying 
agent),'' or similar phrase, to identify the name of the certifying 
agent that certified the producer of the product, or, if processed, the 
certifying agent that certified the last handler that processed the 
product; and
    (3) The production lot number of the product, shipping 
identification, or other information needed to ensure traceability.
    (b) Nonretail containers used to ship or store certified organic 
product may display the following:
    (1) Special handling instructions needed to maintain the organic 
integrity of the product;
    (2) The USDA seal. Use of the USDA seal must comply with Sec.  
205.311;
    (3) The name and contact information of the certified producer of 
the product, or if processed, the last certified handler that processed 
the product;

[[Page 47588]]

    (4) The seal, logo, or other identifying mark of the certifying 
agent that certified the producer of the product, or if processed, the 
last handler that processed the product; and/or
    (5) The business address, website, and/or contact information of 
the certifying agent.
    (c) Shipping containers of domestically produced product labeled as 
organic intended for export to international markets may be labeled in 
accordance with any shipping container labeling requirements of the 
foreign country of destination or the container labeling specifications 
of a foreign contract buyer: Provided, That, the shipping containers 
and shipping documents accompanying such organic products are clearly 
marked ``For Export Only'' and: Provided further, That, proof of such 
container marking and export must be maintained by the handler in 
accordance with recordkeeping requirements for exempt operations under 
Sec.  205.101.


Sec.  205.310  [Amended]

0
12. Amend Sec.  205.310 by removing ``or excluded'' wherever it 
appears.
0
13. Amend Sec.  205.400 by:
0
a. In paragraph (b), removing ``Sec.  205.200'' and adding in its place 
``Sec.  205.201''; and
0
b. Adding new paragraph (g).
    The addition reads as follows:


Sec.  205.400  General requirements for certification.

* * * * *
    (g) In addition to paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section, a 
grower group operation must:
    (1) Be a single producer organized as a person;
    (2) Sell, label, or represent only crops and/or wild crops as 
organic;
    (3) Use centralized processing, distribution, and marketing 
facilities and systems;
    (4) Be organized into grower group production units;
    (5) Ensure that all crops and/or wild crops sold, labeled, or 
represented as organic are from grower group members only;
    (6) Ensure that grower group members do not sell, label, or 
represent their crops and/or wild crops as organic outside of the 
grower group operation unless they are individually certified;
    (7) Report to the certifying agent on an annual basis the name and 
location of all grower group members and grower group production units, 
and the crops, wild crops, estimated yield, and size of production and 
harvesting areas of each grower group member and grower group 
production unit;
    (8) Conduct internal inspections of each grower group member, at 
least annually, by internal inspectors, which must include mass-balance 
audits and reconciliation of each grower group member's and grower 
group production unit's production yield and group sales;
    (9) Document and report to the certifying agent the use of 
sanctions to address noncompliant grower group members, at least 
annually; and
    (10) Implement procedures to ensure all production and handling by 
the grower group operation is compliant with the USDA organic 
regulations and the Act, including recordkeeping requirements to ensure 
a complete audit trail from each grower group member and grower group 
production unit to sale and distribution.


Sec.  205.401  [Amended]

0
14. Amend Sec.  205.401(a) by removing ``Sec.  205.200'' and adding in 
its place ``Sec.  205.201''.
0
15. Amend Sec.  205.403 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraph (a)(2) as paragraph (a)(3);
0
b. Adding new paragraph (a)(2);
0
c. Redesignating paragraphs (b) through (e) as paragraphs (c) through 
(f);
0
d. Adding new paragraph (b);
0
e. In newly redesignated (d)(2), remove ``Sec.  205.200'' and add in 
its place ``Sec.  205.201''; and
0
f. Adding new paragraphs (d)(4) and (5).
    The additions read as follows:


Sec.  205.403  On-site inspections.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Initial and annual on-site inspections of a grower group 
operation as defined in Sec.  205.2 must:
    (i) Assess the compliance of the internal control system of the 
organic system plan, or its capability to comply, with the requirements 
of Sec.  205.400(g)(8). This must include review of the internal 
inspections conducted by the internal control system.
    (ii) Conduct witness audits of internal control system inspectors 
performing inspections of the grower group operation.
    (iii) Individually inspect at least 1.4 times the square root of 
the total number of grower group members. This must include an 
inspection of all grower group members determined to be high risk 
according to criteria in 205.201(c)(4). At least one grower group 
member in each grower group production unit as defined in Sec.  205.2 
must be inspected.
    (iv) Inspect each handling facility.
* * * * *
    (b) Unannounced inspections. (1) A certifying agent must, on an 
annual basis, conduct unannounced inspections of a minimum of five 
percent of the operations it certifies, rounded up to the nearest whole 
number.
    (2) Certifying agents must be able to conduct unannounced 
inspections of any operation it certifies and must not accept 
applications or continue certification with operations located in areas 
where they are unable to conduct unannounced inspections.
    (d) * * *
    (4) That sufficient quantities of organic product and ingredients 
are produced or purchased to account for organic product sold or 
transported; and
    (5) That organic products and ingredients are traceable by the 
operation from the time of production or purchase to sale or transport; 
and that certifying agents can verify traceability back to the source 
per Sec.  205.501(a)(21).
0
16. Amend Sec.  205.404 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (b);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (c) as paragraph (d); and
0
c. Adding new paragraph (c).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  205.404  Granting certification.

* * * * *
    (b) The certifying agent must issue a certificate of organic 
operation. The certificate of organic operation must be generated from 
INTEGRITY and may be provided to certified operations electronically.
    (c) In addition to the certificate of organic operation provided 
for in Sec.  205.404(b), a certifying agent may issue its own addenda 
to the certificate of organic operation. If issued, any addenda must 
include:
    (1) Name, address, and contact information for the certified 
operation;
    (2) The certified operation's unique ID number/code that 
corresponds to the certified operation's ID number/code in USDA Organic 
INTEGRITY;
    (3) A link to USDA Organic INTEGRITY or a link to the certified 
operation's profile in USDA Organic INTEGRITY, along with a statement, 
``You may verify the certification of this operation at USDA Organic 
INTEGRITY,'' or a similar statement;
    (4) Name, address, and contact information of the certifying agent;
    (5) ``Addendum issue date;'' and
    (6) ``Addendum expiration date,'' which must not exceed the 
expiration date of the certificate of organic operation.
* * * * *


Sec.  205.405  [Amended]

0
17. Amend Sec.  205.405 by removing paragraph (c)(3).

[[Page 47589]]

0
18. Amend Sec.  205.406 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  205.406  Continuation of certification.

    (a) To continue certification, a certified operation must annually 
pay the certification fees and submit the following information to the 
certifying agent:
    (1) A summary statement, supported by documentation, detailing any 
deviations from, changes to, modifications to, or other amendments made 
to the organic system plan submitted during the previous year; and
    (2) Any additions or deletions to the previous year's organic 
system plan, intended to be undertaken in the coming year, detailed 
pursuant to Sec.  205.201;
    (3) Any additions to or deletions from the information required 
pursuant to Sec.  205.401(b); and
    (4) Other information as deemed necessary by the certifying agent 
to determine compliance with the Act and the regulations in this part.
    (b) The certifying agent must arrange and conduct an on-site 
inspection, pursuant to Sec.  205.403, of the certified operation at 
least once per calendar year.
* * * * *


Sec.  205.500  [Amended]

0
19. Amend Sec.  205.500 by removing paragraph (c).
0
20. Amend Sec.  205.501 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(4), (5), (6), (10), (13), and (15);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (a)(21) as paragraph (a)(23); and
0
c. Adding new paragraphs (a)(21) and (a)(22).
    The amendments read as follows:


Sec.  205.501  General requirements for accreditation.

    (a) * * *
    (4) Continuously use a sufficient number of qualified and 
adequately trained personnel, including inspectors and persons who 
conduct certification review, to comply with and implement the USDA 
organic standards;
    (i) Certifying agents must demonstrate that all inspectors, 
including staff, volunteers, and contractors, have the required 
knowledge, skills, and experience to inspect operations of the scope 
and scale as assigned and to evaluate compliance with the applicable 
regulations of this part; and
    (A) Certifying agents must demonstrate that inspectors continuously 
maintain adequate knowledge and skills about the current USDA organic 
standards, production and handling practices, certification and 
inspection, import and/or export requirements, auditing practices and 
skills in written and oral communications, sample collection, 
investigation techniques, and preparation of technically accurate 
inspection documents; and
    (B) Initially and every year thereafter, inspectors must 
demonstrate successful completion of a minimum of 20 hours of training 
in topics that are relevant to inspection. Training may include 
material delivered via the NOP learning management system, certifying 
agents, or other relevant training provider; and
    (C) Certifying agents must demonstrate that inspectors have a 
minimum of 1 year of field-based experience related to both the scope 
and scale of operations they will inspect before assigning inspection 
responsibilities;
    (ii) Certifying agents must demonstrate that all persons who 
conduct certification review, including staff, volunteers, or 
contractors, have the knowledge, skills, and experience required to 
perform certification review of operations of the scope and scale 
assigned and to evaluate compliance with the applicable regulations of 
this part; and
    (A) Certifying agents must demonstrate that all certification 
review personnel continuously maintain adequate knowledge and skills in 
the current USDA organic standards, certification and compliance 
processes, and practices applicable to the type, volume, and range of 
review activities assigned; and
    (B) Initially and every year thereafter, all persons who conduct 
certification review activities must demonstrate successful completion 
of a minimum of 20 hours of training in topics that are relevant to 
certification review. Training may include material delivered via the 
NOP learning management system, certifying agents, or other relevant 
training provider; and
    (iii) Certifying agents must maintain current training 
requirements, training procedures, and training records for all 
inspectors and persons who conduct certification review activities.
    (5) Demonstrate that all persons with inspection or certification 
review responsibilities have sufficient expertise in organic production 
or handling techniques to successfully perform the duties assigned;
    (i) Sufficient expertise must include knowledge of certification to 
USDA organic standards and evidence of formal education, training, or 
professional experience in the fields of agriculture, science, or 
organic production and handling that directly relates to assigned 
duties.
    (6) Conduct an annual performance evaluation of all persons who 
conduct inspections, certification review, or implement measures to 
correct any deficiencies in certification services;
    (i) On-site evaluation of inspectors--Certifying agents must 
observe each inspector performing on-site inspections at least once 
every three years, or more frequently if warranted; and
    (A) On-site inspector evaluations must be performed by certifying 
agent personnel who are qualified to evaluate inspectors;
    (ii) Certifying agents must maintain documented policies, 
procedures, and records for annual performance evaluations and on-site 
inspector evaluations.
* * * * *
    (10) Maintain strict confidentiality with respect to its clients 
under the applicable organic certification program and not disclose to 
third parties (except for the Secretary or the applicable State organic 
program's governing State official or their authorized representatives) 
any business-related information concerning any client obtained while 
implementing the regulations in this part, except:
    (i) For information that must be made available to any member of 
the public, as provided for in Sec.  205.504(b)(5);
    (ii) For enforcement purposes, certifying agents must exchange any 
compliance-related information that is credibly needed to certify, 
decertify, or investigate an operation, including for the purpose of 
verifying supply chain traceability and audit trail documentation; and
    (iii) If a certified operation's proprietary business information 
is compliance-related and thus credibly needed to certify, decertify, 
or investigate that operation, certifying agents may exchange that 
information for the purposes of enforcing the Act, but the information 
in question still retains its proprietary character even after it is 
exchanged and all of the certifying agents that are involved in the 
exchange still have a duty to preserve the confidentiality of that 
information after the exchange.
* * * * *
    (13) Accept the certification decisions made by another certifying 
agent accredited or accepted by USDA pursuant to Sec.  205.500. 
Certifying agents must provide information to other certifying agents 
to ensure organic integrity or to enforce organic regulations, 
including to verify supply chain integrity, authenticate the organic

[[Page 47590]]

status of certified products, and conduct investigations;
* * * * *
    (15) Maintain current and accurate data in INTEGRITY for each 
operation which it certifies;
* * * * *
    (21) Annually, conduct risk-based supply chain audits to verify 
organic status of a product(s) of a certified operation(s) it 
certifies, back to the source(s).
    (22) Notify AMS not later than 90 calendar days after certification 
activities begin in a new certification office. The notification must 
include the countries where the certification activities are being 
provided, the nature of the certification activities, and the 
qualifications of the personnel providing the certification activities.
* * * * *
0
21. Amend Sec.  205.504 by:
0
 (a) Revising paragraph (b)(4); and
0
 (b) Adding paragraph (b)(7).
    The revision and addition read as follows:


Sec.  205.504  Evidence of expertise and ability.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) A copy of the procedures to be used for sharing information 
with other certifying agents and for maintaining the confidentiality of 
any business-related information as set forth in Sec.  205.501(a)(10);
* * * * *
    (7) A copy of the criteria to identify high-risk operations and 
products; and procedures to conduct risk-based supply chain audits, as 
required in Sec.  205.501(a)(21); and procedures to report credible 
evidence of organic fraud to the Administrator.
* * * * *
0
22. Adding Sec.  205.511 to subpart F to read as follows:


Sec.  205.511  Accepting foreign conformity assessment systems.

    (a) Foreign product may be certified under the USDA organic 
regulations by a USDA-accredited certifying agent and imported for sale 
in the United States. Foreign product that is produced and handled 
under another country's organic certification program may be sold, 
labeled, or represented as organically produced in the United States if 
AMS determines that such organic certification program provides 
technical requirements and a conformity assessment system governing the 
production and handling of such products that are at least equivalent 
to the requirements of the Act and the regulations in this part 
(``equivalence determination'').
    (b) Countries desiring to establish eligibility of product 
certified under that country's organic certification program to be 
sold, labeled or represented as organically produced in the United 
States may request an equivalence determination from AMS. A foreign 
government must maintain compliance and enforcement mechanisms to 
ensure that its organic certification program is fully meeting the 
terms and conditions of any equivalence determination provided by AMS 
pursuant to this section. To request this determination, the requesting 
country must submit documentation that fully describes its technical 
requirements and conformity assessment system. If AMS determines it can 
proceed, AMS will conduct an assessment of the country's organic 
certification program to evaluate whether it is equivalent.
    (c) AMS will describe the scope of an equivalence determination.
    (d) AMS will conduct reviews on a two-year cycle, beginning at the 
close of the prior review, to assess the effectiveness of the foreign 
government's organic certification program. AMS will reassess a 
country's organic certification program that AMS has recognized as 
equivalent every five years to verify that the foreign government's 
technical requirements and conformity assessment program continue to be 
at least equivalent to the requirements of the Act and the regulations 
of this part, and will determine whether the equivalence determination 
should be continued.
    (e) AMS may terminate an equivalence determination if the terms or 
conditions established under the determination are not met; if AMS 
determines that the country's technical requirements and/or conformity 
assessment program are no longer equivalent; if AMS determines that the 
foreign government's organic control system is inadequate to ensure 
that the country's organic certification program is fully meeting the 
terms and conditions under the determination; or for other good cause.
0
23. Amend Sec.  205.640 by revising the introductory paragraph to read 
as follows:


Sec.  205.640  Fees and other charges for accreditation.

    Fees and other charges equal as nearly as may be to the cost of the 
services rendered under the regulations, including initial 
accreditation, review of annual reports, and renewal of accreditation, 
shall be reviewed, assessed, and collected from applicants in 
accordance with the following provisions:
* * * * *
0
24. Amend Sec.  205.660 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (c) and (d) as paragraphs (d) and (e); and
0
b. Adding new paragraph (c).
    The addition read as follows:


Sec.  205.660  General.

* * * * *
    (c) The Program Manager may initiate enforcement action against any 
person who sells, labels, or provides other market information 
concerning an agricultural product if such label or information 
implies, directly or indirectly, that such product is produced or 
handled using organic methods, if the product was produced or handled 
in violation of the Organic Foods Production Act or the regulations in 
this part.
0
24. Amend Sec.  205.661 by revising the section heading to read as 
follows:


Sec.  205.661  Investigation.

* * * * *
0
26. Amend Sec.  205.662 by:
0
a. Adding new paragraph (e)(3);
0
b. Revising the first sentence of paragraph (f)(1); and
0
c. Revising paragraph (g)(1).
    The amendments read as follows:


Sec.  205.662  Noncompliance procedure for certified operations.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (3) Within 3 business days of issuing a notification of suspension 
or revocation, or the effective date of an operation's surrender, the 
certifying agent must update the operation's status in INTEGRITY.
    (f) * * *
    (1) A certified operation or a person responsibly connected with an 
operation whose certification has been suspended may at any time, 
unless otherwise stated in the notification of suspension, submit a 
request to the Secretary for reinstatement of its certification, or 
submit a request for eligibility to be certified. * * *
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) Knowingly sells or labels a product as organic, except in 
accordance with the Act, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not 
more than the amount specified in Sec.  3.91(b)(1)(xxxvii) of this 
title per violation.
* * * * *
0
27. Revise Sec.  205.663 to read as follows:

[[Page 47591]]

Sec.  205.663  Mediation.

    (a) A certifying agent must submit with its administrative policies 
and procedures provided in Sec.  205.504(b): decision criteria for 
acceptance of mediation, and a process for identifying personnel 
conducting mediation and setting up mediation sessions.
    (b) A certified operation or applicant for certification may 
request mediation to resolve a denial of certification or proposed 
suspension or proposed revocation of certification issued by a 
certifying agent or State organic program.
    (1) A certified operation or applicant for certification must 
submit any request for mediation in writing to the applicable 
certifying agent or State organic program within 30 calendar days of 
receipt of the notice of proposed suspension or proposed revocation of 
certification or denial of certification.
    (2) A certifying agent or State organic program may accept or 
reject a request for mediation based on its own decision criteria.
    (i) If a certifying agent rejects a mediation request, it must 
provide this rejection in writing to the applicant for certification or 
certified operation. The rejection must include the right to request an 
appeal, pursuant to Sec.  205.681, within 30 calendar days of the date 
of the written notification of rejection of the request for mediation.
    (c) Both parties must agree on the person conducting the mediation.
    (d) If a State organic program is in effect, the parties must 
follow the mediation procedures established in the State organic 
program and approved by the Secretary.
    (e) The parties to the mediation have a maximum of 30 calendar days 
to reach an agreement following a mediation session. Successful 
mediation results in a settlement agreement agreed to in writing by 
both the certifying agent and the certified operation. If mediation is 
unsuccessful, the applicant for certification or certified operation 
has 30 calendar days from termination of mediation to appeal the denial 
of certification or proposed suspension or revocation pursuant to Sec.  
205.681.
    (f) Any settlement agreement reached through mediation must comply 
with the Act and the regulations in this part. The Secretary may review 
any mediated settlement agreement for conformity to the Act and the 
regulations in this part and may reject any agreement or provision not 
in conformance with the Act or the regulations in this part.
    (g) The Program Manager may propose mediation and enter into a 
settlement agreement at any time to resolve any adverse action notice 
that it has issued.
0
28. Amend Sec.  205.665 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  205.665  Noncompliance procedure for certifying agents.

    (a) Notification. (1) A written notification of noncompliance will 
be sent to the certifying agent when:
    (i) An inspection, review, or investigation of an accredited 
certifying agent by the Program Manager reveals any noncompliance with 
the Act or regulations in this part; or
    (ii) The Program Manager determines that the certification 
activities of the certifying agent, or any person performing 
certification activities on behalf of the certifying agent, are not 
compliant with the Act or the regulations in this part; or
    (iii) The Program Manager determines that the certification 
activities at a certification office, and/in specific countries, are 
not compliant with the Act or the regulations in this part.
    (2) Such notification must provide:
    (i) A description of each noncompliance;
    (ii) The facts upon which the notification of noncompliance is 
based; and
    (iii) The date by which the certifying agent must rebut or correct 
each noncompliance and submit supporting documentation of each 
correction when correction is possible.
* * * * *
0
29. Revise Sec.  205.680 to read as follows:


Sec.  205.680  General.

    (a) Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely 
affected by an adverse action of the National Organic Program's Program 
Manager, may appeal such decision to the Administrator.
    (b) Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely 
affected by an adverse action of a State organic program may appeal 
such decision to the State organic program's governing State official 
who will initiate handling of the appeal pursuant to appeal procedures 
approved by the Secretary.
    (c) Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely 
affected by an adverse action of a certifying agent may appeal such 
decision to the Administrator, Except, That when the person is subject 
to an approved State organic program, the appeal must be made to the 
State organic program.
    (d) Persons subject to the Act who believe they are adversely 
affected by an adverse action of a certifying agent or a State organic 
program may request mediation as provided in Sec.  205.663.
    (e) All appeals must comply with the procedural requirements in 
Sec.  205.681(c) and (d) of the USDA organic regulations.
    (f) All written communications between parties involved in appeal 
proceedings must be sent to the recipient's place of business by a 
delivery service which provides dated return receipts.
    (g) All appeals must be reviewed, heard, and decided by persons not 
involved with the adverse action being appealed.
0
29. Amend Sec.  205.681 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (a)(2);
0
b. Revising paragraphs (b) and (c)
0
c. Revising paragraph (d)(1); and
0
d. Revising paragraph (d)(3).
    The amendments read as follows:


Sec.  205.681  Appeals.

    (a) Adverse actions by certifying agents. An applicant for 
certification may appeal a certifying agent's notice of denial of 
certification, and a certified operation may appeal a certifying 
agent's notification of proposed suspension or proposed revocation of 
certification to the Administrator, Except, That, when the applicant or 
certified operation is subject to an approved State organic program, 
the appeal must be made to the State organic program which will carry 
out the appeal pursuant to the State organic program's appeal 
procedures approved by the Secretary.
* * * * *
    (2) If the Administrator or State organic program denies an appeal, 
a formal administrative proceeding may be initiated to deny, suspend, 
or revoke the certification. Such proceeding must be conducted pursuant 
to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Uniform Rules of Practice, 7 
CFR part 1, subpart H, or the State organic program's rules of 
procedure.
    (b) Adverse actions by the NOP Program Manager. A person affected 
by an adverse action, as defined by 205.2, issued by the NOP Program 
Manager, may appeal to the Administrator.
    (1) If the Administrator sustains an appeal, an applicant will be 
issued accreditation, a certifying agent will continue its 
accreditation, or an operation will continue its certification, a civil 
penalty will be waived and a cease-and-desist notice will be withdrawn, 
as applicable to the operation.
    (2) If the Administrator denies an appeal, a formal administrative 
proceeding may be initiated to deny, suspend, or revoke the 
accreditation or certification and/or levy civil penalties. Such 
proceeding must be conducted

[[Page 47592]]

pursuant to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Uniform Rules of 
Practice, 7 CFR part 1, subpart H.
    (c) Filing period. An appeal must be filed in writing within the 
time period provided in the letter of notification or within 30 days 
from receipt of the notification, whichever occurs later. The appeal 
will be considered ``filed'' on the date received by the Administrator 
or by the State organic program. An adverse action will become final 
and nonappealable unless an appeal is timely filed.
    (d) Where and what to file. (1) Appeals to the Administrator and 
Requests for Hearing must be filed in writing and addressed to: 1400 
Independence Ave. SW, Room 2642, Stop 0268, Washington, DC 20250, or 
electronic transmission, [email protected].
* * * * *
    (3) All appeals must include a copy of the adverse action and a 
statement of the appellant's reasons for believing that the action was 
not proper or made in accordance with applicable program regulations, 
policies, or procedures.

Bruce Summers,
Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service.
[FR Doc. 2020-14581 Filed 8-4-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P