[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 235 (Friday, December 6, 2019)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 67046-67058]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-25745]



  Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 235 / Friday, December 6, 2019 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 67046]]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Internal Revenue Service

26 CFR Part 1

[REG-112607-19]
RIN 1545-BP36


Additional Rules Regarding Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: This document contains proposed regulations that provide 
guidance regarding the base erosion and anti-abuse tax imposed on 
certain large corporate taxpayers with respect to certain payments made 
to foreign related parties. The proposed regulations would affect 
corporations with substantial gross receipts that make payments to 
foreign related parties.

DATES: Written or electronic comments and requests for a public hearing 
must be received by February 4, 2020.

ADDRESSES: Submit electronic submissions via the Federal eRulemaking 
Portal at www.regulations.gov (indicate IRS and REG-112607-19) by 
following the online instructions for submitting comments. Once 
submitted to the Federal eRulemaking Portal, comments cannot be edited 
or withdrawn. The Department of the Treasury (Treasury Department) and 
the IRS will publish for public availability any comment received to 
its public docket, whether submitted electronically or in hard copy. 
Send hard copy submissions to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-112607-19), Room 5203, 
Internal Revenue Service, P.O. Box 7604, Ben Franklin Station, 
Washington, DC 20044. Submissions may be hand-delivered Monday through 
Friday between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. to CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-
112607-19), Courier's Desk, Internal Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution 
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20224.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Concerning the proposed regulations, 
Sheila Ramaswamy, Azeka J. Abramoff, or Karen Walny at (202) 317-6938; 
concerning submissions of comments and requests for a public hearing, 
Regina Johnson at (202) 317-6901 (not toll-free numbers).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    This document contains proposed amendments to 26 CFR part 1 under 
sections 59A and 6031 of the Internal Revenue Code (the ``Code''). The 
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Public Law 115-97 (2017) (the ``Act''), which 
was enacted on December 22, 2017, added section 59A to the Code. 
Section 59A imposes on each applicable taxpayer a tax equal to the base 
erosion minimum tax amount for the taxable year (the ``base erosion and 
anti-abuse tax'' or ``BEAT'').
    The Act also added reporting obligations regarding this tax for 25-
percent foreign-owned corporations subject to section 6038A and foreign 
corporations subject to section 6038C and addressed other issues for 
which information reporting under those sections is important to tax 
administration.
    On December 21, 2018, the Treasury Department and the IRS published 
proposed regulations (REG-104259-18) under section 59A, and proposed 
amendments to 26 CFR part 1 under sections 383, 1502, 6038A, and 6655 
in the Federal Register (83 FR 65956) (the ``2018 proposed 
regulations''). On December 6, 2019, the Treasury Department and the 
IRS published final regulations (the ``final regulations'') under 
sections 59A, 383, 1502, 6038A, and 6655. These proposed regulations 
propose other regulations under sections 59A and 6031.

Explanation of Provisions

I. Overview

    These proposed regulations provide guidance under sections 59A and 
6031 regarding certain aspects of the BEAT. Part II of this Explanation 
of Provisions describes proposed modifications to the rules set forth 
in the final regulations relating to how a taxpayer determines its 
aggregate group for purposes of determining gross receipts and the base 
erosion percentage. Part III of this Explanation of Provisions 
describes proposed regulations providing an election to waive 
deductions. Part IV of this Explanation of Provisions describes 
proposed regulations addressing the application of the BEAT to 
partnerships.

II. Determination of a Taxpayer's Aggregate Group

    For certain purposes, including the determination of gross receipts 
described in section 59A(e)(2) and the base erosion percentage 
described in section 59A(c)(4), section 59A(e)(3) and Sec.  1.59A-
1(b)(1) generally aggregate a group of corporations (``aggregate 
group'') on the basis of persons treated as a single employer under 
section 52(a), which treats members of the same controlled group of 
corporations (as defined in section 1563(a) with certain modifications) 
as one person. To determine gross receipts, section 59A(e)(2) requires 
the application of rules similar to, but not necessarily the same as, 
section 448(c)(3)(B), (C), and (D). The 2018 proposed regulations 
provided rules for determining the aggregate group for applying the 
gross receipts test as well as the base erosion percentage test. 
Generally, the 2018 proposed regulations provided that each taxpayer 
determines its gross receipts and base erosion percentage by reference 
to its own taxable year, taking into account the results of other 
members of its aggregate group during that taxable year. See 2018 
proposed Sec.  1.59A-2(d)(2).
    Comments to the 2018 proposed regulations recommended that the 
determination of gross receipts and the base erosion percentage of a 
taxpayer's aggregate group be made on the basis of the taxpayer's 
taxable year and the taxable year of each member of its aggregate group 
that ends with or within the applicable taxpayer's taxable year (the 
``with-or-within method''). In response to the comments to the 2018 
proposed regulations, the final regulations generally adopt the with-
or-within method. Sec.  1.59A-2(c)(3). The final regulations do not 
include specific rules regarding how the with-or-within method applies 
in certain situations. These proposed regulations provide guidance 
regarding certain applications of the aggregate group rules and request 
comments regarding these rules in light of the with-or-within method.
A. Rules Relating to the Determination of Gross Receipts for a Short 
Taxable Year
    The 2018 proposed regulations provided guidance regarding the 
determination of gross receipts for purposes of section 59A. In the 
case of a taxpayer that has a short taxable year, the 2018 proposed 
regulations annualized the gross receipts of the taxpayer by 
multiplying the gross receipts for the short taxable year by 365 and 
dividing the result by the number of days in the short taxable year. 
See 2018 proposed Sec.  1.59A-2(d)(7).
    One comment to the 2018 proposed regulations expressed concern that 
determining the gross receipts of a taxpayer by annualizing a short 
taxable year could yield inappropriate results when combined with the 
rule providing that any reference to a taxpayer includes a reference to 
its predecessor. For example, the comment asserted that if the taxpayer 
has a full taxable year but a predecessor had a short taxable year, it 
is not clear whether the taxable year of the predecessor should be 
annualized first and then combined with the year of the taxpayer or 
whether the taxable

[[Page 67047]]

years of the taxpayer and its predecessor should be combined first, in 
which case no annualization may be necessary. The final regulations do 
not include a rule on short taxable years. Instead, and to allow 
taxpayers an additional opportunity to comment, these proposed 
regulations provide updated guidance with respect to short taxable 
years (in particular, for situations when an aggregate group has a 
member with a short taxable year).
    In the case of a taxpayer that has a short taxable year, solely for 
purposes of section 59A, these proposed regulations continue to 
annualize the gross receipts of the taxpayer by multiplying the gross 
receipts for the short taxable year by 365 and dividing the result by 
the number of days in the short taxable year. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-
2(c)(5). However, the Treasury Department and the IRS recognize that 
the with-or-within method in Sec.  1.59A-2(c)(3) must be adjusted to 
prevent the understatement or overstatement of the gross receipts, base 
erosion tax benefits, and deductions of an aggregate group in the case 
of a taxpayer with a short taxable year. For example, the with-or-
within method would completely exclude the taxable year of certain 
members of an aggregate group if the taxable year of those members did 
not end with or within the taxpayer's short taxable year.\1\ In other 
instances, the with-or-within method combined with an annualization 
approach might over-count the gross receipts of other aggregate group 
members if the method is applied by annualizing the full taxable years 
of the other members of the aggregate group that end with or within the 
taxpayer's short taxable year. Specifically, the regulation's 
requirement that a taxpayer annualize gross receipts when it has a 
short taxable year could be read to mean that gross receipts of 
aggregate group members (which may have full taxable years that end 
with or within the taxpayer's taxable year) also be annualized on the 
basis of the taxpayer's short taxable year, which could result in over-
counting. In light of these concerns, these proposed regulations 
provide that a taxpayer with a short taxable year must use a reasonable 
approach to determine the base erosion percentage of its aggregate 
group and whether the taxpayer or its aggregate group satisfies the 
gross receipts test and base erosion percentage in section 59A. A 
reasonable approach should neither over-count nor under-count the gross 
receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and deductions of the aggregate 
group of the taxpayer.
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    \1\ For example, assume FC, a foreign corporation, wholly owns 
DC1, DC2, and DC3, each domestic corporations. DC1, DC2, and DC3 
each have a calendar year taxable year. Pursuant to the with-or-
within method, DC1 includes in its aggregate group for Year 1 the 
taxable years of DC2 and DC3 ending on December 31, Year 1. 
Subsequently, DC1 changes its taxable year end to November 30. 
Accordingly, DC1 has a short taxable year beginning January 1, Year 
2 and ending November 30, Year 2. No taxable year of DC2 or DC3 ends 
with or within the taxable year of DC1 ending November 30, Year 2. 
Nonetheless, it would not be appropriate to wholly exclude the gross 
receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and deductions of DC2 and DC3 
from the aggregate group of DC1 for the taxable year ending November 
30, Year 2.
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    The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on whether 
more specific guidance is needed, and if so, the best approach for 
determining the gross receipts and base erosion percentage of an 
aggregate group for purposes of section 59A when the applicable 
taxpayer or another member of an aggregate group has a short taxable 
year. The approach should neither over-count nor under-count the gross 
receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and deductions of the aggregate 
group. The approach should also appropriately account for short taxable 
years that result from a change in a taxpayer's taxable year end (in 
which case the preceding and following taxable years would be full 
taxable years) and short taxable years that result from changes in 
ownership, such as a joining or leaving a consolidated group (in which 
case the preceding or succeeding taxable year may also be a short 
taxable year).
B. Members Leaving and Joining an Aggregate Group
    A member may join or leave the aggregate group of a taxpayer 
because of a change in ownership of the member such as a sale of the 
member to a third party. A comment to the 2018 proposed regulations 
requested clarity on whether the determination of gross receipts and 
the base erosion percentage of an aggregate group takes into account 
the gross receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and deductions of a 
member of the aggregate group for the period before the member joins 
the group or the period after the member leaves the group. In response 
to this comment, the proposed regulations provide guidance that 
clarifies the treatment of members that join or leave the aggregate 
group of a taxpayer.
    To determine the gross receipts and the base erosion percentage of 
a taxpayer with respect to its aggregate group for purposes of section 
59A, these proposed regulations take into account only items of members 
that occur during the period that they were members of the taxpayer's 
aggregate group. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-2(c)(4). Items of members that 
occur before a member joins an aggregate group of a taxpayer or after a 
member leaves an aggregate group of a taxpayer are not taken into 
account by the taxpayer. Solely for purposes of determining which items 
occurred while a corporation was a member of an aggregate group under 
section 59A, a corporation is treated as having a deemed taxable year 
end when the corporation joins or leaves an aggregate group of a 
taxpayer. The taxpayer may determine items attributable to this deemed 
short taxable year by either deeming a close of the corporation's books 
or, in the case of items other than extraordinary items (as defined in 
Sec.  1.1502-76(b)(2)(ii)(C)), making a pro-rata allocation. See 
proposed Sec.  1.59A-2(c)(4). For an illustration of this proposed 
rule, see proposed Sec.  1.59A-2(f)(2), Example 2.
C. Consolidated Groups
    A comment to the 2018 proposed regulations expressed concern that 
gross receipts arising from intercompany transactions (as defined in 
Sec.  1.1502-13(b)(1)) might be treated as gross receipts of the 
selling member (S) when S deconsolidates from a consolidated group 
(original consolidated group) and separately joins a different 
aggregate group (new aggregate group). For purposes of section 59A, the 
comment to the 2018 proposed regulations recommended that the gross 
receipts resulting from intercompany transactions in which S engaged 
while a member of the original consolidated group should not be counted 
even after S becomes a member of the new aggregate group, despite S no 
longer being a member of the original consolidated group.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS are studying whether it is 
appropriate to continue to eliminate gross receipts resulting from 
intercompany transactions when members deconsolidate and join a 
different aggregate group. Furthermore, the Treasury Department and the 
IRS are aware of more general questions regarding the proper treatment 
of gross receipts when members join or deconsolidate from a 
consolidated group. These issues are currently under study, and the 
proposed regulations reserve on such issues. The Treasury Department 
and the IRS request comments on the appropriate treatment of a 
deconsolidating member's gross receipts history as it relates to the 
original consolidated group and the acquiring consolidated group in the 
context of the BEAT aggregate group.

[[Page 67048]]

D. Predecessors
    For purposes of determining gross receipts, the 2018 proposed 
regulations provided that a reference to a taxpayer includes a 
reference to any predecessor of the taxpayer. 2018 proposed Sec.  
1.59A-2(c)(6)(i). The Treasury Department and the IRS, however, 
recognize that the aggregate groups of a taxpayer and its predecessor 
may overlap. As a result, an interpretation of the predecessor rule 
that simply adds the gross receipts of the predecessor to the gross 
receipts of the taxpayer's aggregate group could result in double 
counting of the gross receipts of corporations that are members of both 
aggregate groups. These proposed regulations clarify that, for purposes 
of section 59A, the gross receipts of those corporations included in 
both aggregate groups are not double counted. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-
2(c)(6)(ii). The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on 
appropriate methods of taking into account predecessors for purposes of 
determining gross receipts of an applicable taxpayer's aggregate group. 
An appropriate method should avoid double-counting and address whether 
to take into account the taxable year of a predecessor in determining 
whether to annualize a short taxable year of a taxpayer.

III. Election To Waive Allowable Deductions

    The final regulations provide that, in general, the base erosion 
percentage for a taxable year is computed by dividing (1) the aggregate 
amount of base erosion tax benefits (the ``numerator'') by (2) the sum 
of the aggregate amount of deductions allowed plus certain other base 
erosion tax benefits (the ``denominator''). See Sec.  1.59A-2(e)(3). In 
general, and consistent with section 59A(c)(2), the final regulations 
provide that a base erosion tax benefit is any deduction that is 
allowed under chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Code for the taxable year 
with respect to a base erosion payment. See Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(1)(i). The 
final regulations, consistent with section 59A(d)(1), define one 
category of a base erosion payment as any amount paid or accrued by the 
taxpayer to a foreign related party of the taxpayer and with respect to 
which a deduction is allowable under chapter 1 of subtitle A of the 
Internal Revenue Code. Sec.  1.59A-3(b)(1)(i).
    Comments to the 2018 proposed regulations requested that the final 
regulations clarify that allowable deductions that a taxpayer declines 
to claim on its tax return are not ``allowed'' deductions, and 
therefore, the foregone deductions are not base erosion tax benefits. 
These proposed regulations provide that a taxpayer may forego a 
deduction and that those foregone deductions will not be treated as a 
base erosion tax benefit if the taxpayer waives the deduction for all 
U.S. federal income tax purposes and follows specified procedures. 
Proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6). If the taxpayer waives a deduction for 
purposes of section 59A, these proposed regulations provide that the 
taxpayer cannot claim the deduction for any purpose of the Code or 
regulations except as otherwise provided under the proposed 
regulations. See proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(ii).
    The Treasury Department and the IRS are concerned that in adopting 
this approach, absent certain procedural rules, taxpayers that waive a 
deduction pursuant to the proposed regulations to reduce their amount 
of base erosion tax benefits could benefit by using some or all of the 
foregone deductions in a subsequent year, while still benefiting from 
the reduction of base erosion tax benefits made in the prior year. 
Accordingly, proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6) provides rules to address 
this concern. The proposed regulations also include certain reporting 
rules concerning deductions that are waived pursuant to the proposed 
regulations, and provide guidance on the time and manner for electing 
to waive deductions. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(i) and (iii).
    Specifically, the proposed regulations provide that as a baseline, 
all deductions that could be properly claimed by a taxpayer for the 
taxable year, determined after giving effect to the taxpayer's 
permissible method of accounting and to any election, (such as the 
election under section 173 to capitalize circulation expenditures or 
the election under section 168(g)(7) to use the alternative 
depreciation system of depreciation), are treated as allowed deductions 
solely for purposes of section 59A(c)(2)(A)(i), unless a taxpayer 
elects to waive certain deductions. See proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(5) 
and (6). As a result, if a taxpayer does not make an election to waive 
a deduction that could be properly claimed by a taxpayer for the 
taxable year pursuant to the procedures in proposed Sec.  1.59A-
3(c)(6), and the deduction otherwise meets the definition of a base 
erosion tax benefit, the deduction is treated as a base erosion tax 
benefit for purposes of section 59A. Consequently, the deduction is 
taken into account in the base erosion percentage, and is taken into 
account as an adjustment to modified taxable income. The proposed 
regulations provide that if a taxpayer elects to waive certain 
deductions, those deductions are waived for all tax purposes (except 
for certain purposes as explained in part III of this Explanation of 
Provisions) and, thus, are not taken into account as base erosion tax 
benefits. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(ii)(A)(1). The waiver applies 
only to the deduction, not to the underlying cost or expense. Thus, a 
waiver of any portion of a deduction associated with a particular cost 
or expense does not cause the corresponding portion of that cost or 
expense not to be a ``cost'' or ``expense.''
    A taxpayer may make the election to waive deductions on its 
original filed Federal income tax return, by an amended return, or 
during the course of an examination of the taxpayer's income tax return 
for the relevant tax year pursuant to procedures prescribed by the 
Commissioner. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(iii). Unless the 
Commissioner prescribes specific procedures with respect to waiving 
deductions during the course of an examination, the same procedures 
that generally apply to affirmative tax return changes during an 
examination will apply. The Treasury Department and the IRS request 
comments related to the process for submitting an election under the 
proposed regulations during the course of an examination. The 
information related to this waiver must be reported on the appropriate 
forms, which are expected to include Form 8991, Tax on Base Erosion 
Payments of Taxpayers With Substantial Gross Receipts, (or a successor 
form). Until these proposed regulations are final, a taxpayer choosing 
to rely on these proposed regulations may attach a statement to the 
Form 8991 to make this election and include the information listed in 
proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(i) on that statement. A taxpayer makes the 
election on an annual basis, and the taxpayer does not need the consent 
of the Commissioner if the taxpayer chooses not to make the election 
for a subsequent taxable year. The proposed regulations provide that 
the election to waive a deduction pursuant to proposed Sec.  1.59A-
3(c)(6) is disregarded for determining (1) the taxpayer's overall 
method of accounting or the taxpayer's method of accounting for any 
item; (2) whether a change in the taxpayer's overall plan of accounting 
or the taxpayer's treatment of a material item is a change in method of 
accounting under section 446(e) and Sec.  1.446-1(e); and (3) the 
amount allowable for depreciation or amortization for purposes of 
section 167(c) and section

[[Page 67049]]

1016(a)(2) or (3), and any other adjustment to basis under section 
1016(a). Proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(ii)(B)(1)-(3). The proposed 
regulations also provide that the election to waive deductions does not 
constitute a method of accounting under section 446. Proposed Sec.  
1.59A-3(c)(6)(ii)(C).
    In addition, the proposed regulations provide that the waiver of 
deductions is treated as occurring before the allocation and 
apportionment of deductions under Sec. Sec.  1.861-8 through -14T and 
1.861-17 (such as for purposes of section 904). Proposed Sec.  1.59A-
3(c)(6)(ii)(A)(2). However, the waiver of a deduction for interest 
expense that is directly allocable to income produced by a particular 
asset should not result in the allocation and apportionment of 
additional interest expense to that asset. Accordingly, the proposed 
regulations provide that to the extent a deduction for certain interest 
expense is waived that would have been directly allocated and resulted 
in a reduction of value of any asset for purposes of allocating and 
apportioning other interest expense, the asset value is still reduced 
as if the deduction had not been waived. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-
3(c)(6)(ii)(A)(3).
    The waiver of a deduction is also disregarded for purposes of 
applying the exclusive apportionment rule in Sec.  1.861-17(b), in 
determining the geographic source where the research and experimental 
activities that account for more than fifty percent of the amount of 
the deduction for research and experimentation was performed. Proposed 
Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(ii)(B)(4). For example, if this exclusive 
apportionment rule would not apply in the absence of waiving deductions 
for research and experimentation performed outside the United States, 
then waiving those deductions will not result in the exclusive 
apportionment rule applying (on the basis of a smaller pool of deducted 
expenses, more than fifty percent of which relate to research and 
experimentation performed in the United States).
    The waiver of a deduction is also disregarded for purposes of 
determining the price of a controlled transaction under section 482. 
Proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(ii)(B)(5). Accordingly, in determining 
whether a deduction that a taxpayer reports on its Federal income tax 
return with respect to a controlled transaction clearly reflects the 
taxpayer's income with respect to the controlled transaction, the IRS 
will consider the amount waived as if it were actually deducted. In 
addition, if a taxpayer applies a transfer pricing method that uses 
costs or expenses as an input (such as the cost plus method described 
in Sec.  1.482-3(d)), the costs or expenses associated with waived 
deductions continue to be treated as ``costs'' or ``expenses'' for 
purposes of the section 482 regulations because the waiver impacts the 
deductible amount only, not the amount of the underlying cost or 
expense.
    Furthermore, the waiver of a deduction is disregarded for purposes 
of determining: (1) The amount of a taxpayer's earnings and profits, 
(2) any item as necessary to prevent a taxpayer from receiving the 
benefit of a waived deduction, and (3) any other item that is expressly 
identified in published guidance. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-
3(c)(6)(ii)(B)(6)-(8).
    To ensure a taxpayer is not able to reduce the amount of its base 
erosion tax benefits via a waiver of deductions in a prior year and 
then recover the waived deductions in a subsequent year by making an 
accounting method change, the proposed regulations provide that, by 
making the election to waive deductions, the taxpayer agrees that if a 
change in method of accounting is made with respect to an item that had 
been waived, the previously waived portion of the item is not taken 
into account in determining the amount of adjustment under section 
481(a). Proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6)(ii)(D). For an illustration of 
this proposed rule, see proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(d), Example 9. More 
generally, the Treasury Department and the IRS are studying the 
treatment of changes in method of accounting and the related section 
481 adjustments for purposes of the BEAT. To the extent that a negative 
adjustment under section 481(a) relates to an increase in an item that 
would be a base erosion tax benefit, it is expected that the section 
481(a) adjustment would also be taken into account as a base erosion 
tax benefit. In addition, the Treasury Department and the IRS are 
considering other consequences of adjustments under section 481(a), 
including (a) how positive adjustments under section 481(a) are taken 
into account for BEAT purposes and (b) whether a waiver similar to the 
waiver provided in proposed Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(6) should be permitted 
with respect to negative section 481(a) adjustments.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments regarding the 
election to waive deductions, including the reporting requirements and 
additional rules necessary to prevent a taxpayer from claiming a waived 
deduction in a subsequent year. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
also request comments on the effect of adjustments under section 481(a) 
on the BEAT, including in the context of waived items.

IV. Application of the BEAT to Partnerships

A. Allocations by a Partnership of Income Instead of Deductions
    In general, the final regulations treat deductions allocated by the 
partnership to an applicable taxpayer resulting from a base erosion 
payment as a base erosion tax benefit. However, the Treasury Department 
and the IRS are cognizant that a partner in a partnership can obtain a 
similar economic result if the partnership allocates income items away 
from the partner instead of allocating a deduction to the partner 
through curative allocations. To the extent the partnership places a 
taxpayer in such an economically equivalent position by allocating less 
income to that partner in lieu of allocating a deduction to the partner 
through curative allocations, the proposed regulations provide that the 
partner is similarly treated as having a base erosion tax benefit to 
the extent of that substitute allocation. Proposed Sec.  1.59A-
7(b)(5)(v).
B. Effectively Connected Income (``ECI'')
    Comments to the 2018 proposed regulations recommended that 
contributions of depreciable (or amortizable) property by a foreign 
related party to a partnership (in which an applicable taxpayer is a 
partner) or distributions of depreciable or amortizable property by a 
partnership (in which a foreign related party is a partner) to an 
applicable taxpayer be excluded from the definition of a base erosion 
payment to the extent that the foreign related party would receive (or 
would be expected to receive) allocations of income from that 
partnership interest that would be taxable to the foreign related party 
as ECI.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS are considering additional 
guidance to address the treatment of a contribution by a foreign person 
to a partnership engaged in a U.S. trade or business, as well as 
transfers of partnership interests by a foreign person and transfers of 
property by the partnership with a foreign person as a partner to a 
related U.S. person. The Treasury Department and the IRS request 
comments addressing how these issues should be addressed, including 
rules to ensure that the foreign partner is treating the items 
allocated with respect to the property and any gain from the property 
as ECI.

[[Page 67050]]

C. Partnership Anti-Abuse Rules
1. Derivatives on Partnership Interests
    Section 1.59A-9(b) of the final regulations provides that certain 
transactions that have a principal purpose of avoiding section 59A will 
be disregarded or deemed to result in a base erosion payment. These 
proposed regulations provide an additional anti-abuse rule relating to 
derivatives on partnership interests. See proposed Sec.  1.59A-9(b)(5). 
The rule provides that a taxpayer is treated as having a direct 
interest in the partnership interest or asset if the taxpayer acquires 
a derivative on a partnership interest or asset with a principal 
purpose of eliminating or reducing a base erosion payment.
2. Allocations by a Partnership To Prevent or Reduce a Base Erosion 
Payment
    The proposed regulations also provide an additional anti-abuse rule 
to prevent a partnership from allocating items of income with a 
principal purpose of eliminating or reducing the base erosion payments 
to a taxpayer not acting in a partner capacity on amounts paid to or 
accrued by a partnership that do not change the economic arrangement of 
the partners. For example, assume that a domestic corporation and a 
third party both pay equal amounts to a partnership with a foreign 
related party partner and an unrelated partner (each having equal 
interests in the partnership) for services. If the partnership 
allocates the income it receives from the domestic corporation to the 
unrelated partner while allocating an equivalent amount of income from 
the third party to the foreign related party partner with a principal 
purpose of eliminating the domestic corporation's base erosion payment, 
the domestic corporation must determine its base erosion payment as if 
the allocations had not been made and the partners shared the income 
proportionately. As a result, half of the domestic corporation's 
payment would be a base erosion payment.
D. Return of a Partnership With Respect to Base Erosion Payments and 
Base Erosion Tax Benefits
    Pursuant to section 6031 and Sec.  1.6031(a)-1(a), a domestic 
partnership must file a return of partnership income for each taxable 
year on the form prescribed for the partnership return. Pursuant to 
Sec.  1.6031(a)-1(b), with limited exceptions, a foreign partnership 
that has gross income that is, or is treated as, effectively connected 
with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States or 
gross income (including gains) derived from sources within the United 
States must file a partnership return for its taxable year in 
accordance with the rules for domestic partnerships (such a foreign 
partnership, a ``reporting foreign partnership''). The partnership 
return must contain the information required by the prescribed form and 
the accompanying instructions. The IRS plans to update Form 1065, 
Schedule K, and Schedule K-1 to incorporate certain information that 
will be necessary for its partners to complete their Form 8991 or a 
successor form. The IRS expects that these revisions to the Form 1065, 
Schedule K, and Schedule K-1 will track the information required by the 
Form 8991.
    As a result of these planned revisions, a domestic partnership and 
a reporting foreign partnership will be required to report the 
information required by Form 8991. See Sec.  1.6031(a)-1(a) and 
(b)(1)(i). Proposed Sec.  1.6031(a)-1(b)(7) provides that United States 
partners must determine the relevant information with respect to the 
base erosion payments and base erosion tax benefits of a foreign 
partnership that is not required to file a partnership return. For a 
partnership that is required to file a Form 1065 and Schedule K-1, the 
Commissioner is expected to receive sufficient information to examine 
the accuracy of the partners' liability under section 59A, including as 
a result of items allocated to the partner by the partnership. For a 
foreign partnership that is not required to file a Form 1065 and 
Schedule K-1, proposed Sec.  1.6031(a)-1(b)(7) is intended to ensure 
that the Commissioner receives similar information from the partners of 
that foreign partnership.

Proposed Applicability Date

    The rules in the section 59A proposed regulations generally apply 
to taxable years beginning on or after the date that final regulations 
are filed with the Federal Register. The rules in proposed Sec. Sec.  
1.59A-7(c)(5)(v) and (g)(2)(x) and 1.59A-9(b)(5) and (6) apply to 
taxable years ending on or after December 2, 2019. As proposed, the 
section 59A regulations will permit taxpayers to apply the rules 
therein in their entirety for taxable years beginning after December 
31, 2017, and before the regulations apply. See section 7805(b)(7). If 
a taxpayer applies the 2018 proposed regulations to a taxable year 
ending on or before December 6, 2019, the determination as to whether 
the taxpayer is applying these proposed regulations in their entirety 
to such taxable year is made without regard to the application of Sec.  
1.59A-2(c)(2)(ii), (c)(4), (c)(5), and (c)(6).
    In addition, taxpayers may rely on the rules in the section 59A 
proposed regulations in their entirety for taxable years beginning 
after December 31, 2017, and before the final regulations are 
applicable.
    The rules in the section 6031(a) proposed regulations generally 
apply to taxable years ending on or after the date that final 
regulations are filed with the Federal Register.

Special Analyses

Regulatory Planning and Review--Economic Analysis

    Executive Orders 13563 and 12866 direct agencies to assess costs 
and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is 
necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits 
(including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety 
effects, distributive impacts, and equity). Executive Order 13563 
emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, of 
reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility. The 
Executive Order 13771 designation for any final rule resulting from the 
proposed regulation will be informed by comments received. The 
preliminary Executive Order 13771 designation for this proposed 
regulation is regulatory.
    These proposed regulations have been designated as subject to 
review under Executive Order 12866 pursuant to the Memorandum of 
Agreement (April 11, 2018) (MOA) between the Treasury Department and 
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) regarding review of tax 
regulations. The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) 
has designated these proposed regulations as significant under section 
1(b) of the MOA. Accordingly, these proposed regulations have been 
reviewed by OIRA.
A. Background
    The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the ``Act'') added new section 
59A, which imposes a Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (``BEAT'') on 
certain deductions paid or accrued to foreign related parties. By 
taxing such payments, the BEAT ``aims to level the playing field 
between U.S. and foreign-owned multinational corporations in an 
administrable way.'' Senate Committee on Finance, Explanation of the 
Bill, S. Prt. 115-20, at 391 (November 22, 2017).
    In plain language, the tax is levied only on corporations with 
substantial gross receipts (a determination referred to as the gross 
receipts test) and for which the relevant deductions are three

[[Page 67051]]

percent or higher (two percent or higher in the case of certain banks 
or registered securities dealers) of their total deductions (with 
certain exceptions), a determination referred to as the base erosion 
percentage test. This cut-off for the base erosion percentage test is 
referred to in these Special Analyses as the base erosion threshold.
    A taxpayer that satisfies both the gross receipts test and the base 
erosion percentage test is referred to as an applicable taxpayer. A 
taxpayer is not an applicable taxpayer, and thus does not have any BEAT 
liability, if its base erosion percentage is less than the base erosion 
threshold.
    Additional features of the BEAT also enter its calculation. The 
BEAT operates as a minimum tax, so an applicable taxpayer is only 
subject to additional tax under the BEAT if the tax at the BEAT rate 
multiplied by the taxpayer's modified taxable income exceeds the 
taxpayer's regular tax liability, reduced by certain credits. Because 
of this latter provision, the BEAT formula has the effect of imposing 
the BEAT on the amount of those tax credits. In general, tax credits 
are subject to the BEAT except the research credit under section 41, 
and a portion of low income housing credits, renewable electricity 
production credits under section 45, and certain investment tax credits 
under section 46. Notably, this means that the foreign tax credit is 
currently subject to the BEAT. In taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 2025, all tax credits are subject to the BEAT.
B. Need for the Proposed Regulations
    Section 59A does not explicitly state whether an amount that is 
permitted as a deduction under the Code or regulations but that is not 
claimed as a deduction on a taxpayer's tax return is potentially a base 
erosion tax benefit for purposes of the BEAT and the base erosion 
percentage test. Comments recommended that the Treasury Department and 
the IRS clarify the treatment of amounts that are allowable as a 
deduction but not claimed as a deduction on a taxpayer's tax return. 
These proposed regulations are needed to respond to these comments and 
to clarify the treatment of these amounts under section 59A. The 
proposed regulations are also needed to clarify certain aspects of the 
rules set forth in the final regulations relating to how a taxpayer 
determines its aggregate group for purposes of determining gross 
receipts and the base erosion percentage, and how the BEAT applies to 
partnerships.
C. Overview of the Proposed Regulations
    The proposed regulations provide taxpayers an election to waive 
deductions that would otherwise be taken into account in determining 
whether the taxpayer is an applicable taxpayer subject to the BEAT. 
This change is analyzed in part D of these Special Analyses.
    These proposed regulations also include modifications to the rules 
set forth in the final regulations relating to how a taxpayer 
determines its aggregate group for purposes of determining gross 
receipts and the base erosion percentage, and how the BEAT applies to 
partnerships. These latter modifications to the existing final rule are 
not expected to result in any substantial changes in taxpayer behavior.
D. Economic Analysis
1. Baseline
    The Treasury Department and the IRS have assessed the benefits and 
costs of the proposed regulations compared to a no-action baseline that 
reflects anticipated Federal income tax-related behavior in the absence 
of these proposed regulations.
2. Economic Effects of the Election To Waive Deductions (Part III of 
the Explanation of Provisions)
a. Background and Alternatives Considered
    Section 59A does not explicitly state whether an amount that is 
permitted as a deduction under the Code or regulations but that is not 
claimed as a deduction on the taxpayer's tax return is potentially a 
base erosion tax benefit for the purposes of the base erosion 
percentage test. A taxpayer may find waiving certain deductions 
advantageous if the waived deductions lower the taxpayer's base erosion 
percentage below the base erosion threshold, thus making section 59A 
inapplicable to the taxpayer. Comments recommended that the Treasury 
Department and the IRS clarify the treatment of allowable amounts that 
are not claimed as a deduction on the taxpayer's tax return for 
purposes of section 59A.
    To address concerns about the treatment of these amounts permitted 
as deductions under law, the Treasury Department and the IRS considered 
two alternatives for the proposed guidance: (1) Providing that all 
deductions that could be properly claimed by a taxpayer for the taxable 
year are taken into account for purposes of the base erosion percentage 
test (and for other purposes of the BEAT) even if a deduction is not 
claimed on the taxpayer's tax return (the ``alternative regulatory 
approach''); or (2) providing that an allowable deduction that a 
taxpayer does not claim on its tax return is not taken into account in 
the base erosion percentage test or for other purposes of the BEAT, 
provided that certain procedural steps are followed. The proposed 
regulations adopt the latter approach.
    Under the alternative regulatory approach, base erosion payments 
allowable as deductions but not claimed by a taxpayer would nonetheless 
be taken into account in the base erosion percentage. Thus, a taxpayer 
could not avoid satisfying the base erosion percentage test by not 
claiming certain deductions. Under the proposed regulations, base 
erosion payments allowable as deductions but waived by a taxpayer are 
not taken into account in the base erosion percentage test, assuming 
certain procedural steps are followed. The waived deductions are waived 
for all U.S. federal income tax purposes and thus, for example, the 
deductions are also not allowed for regular income tax purposes. If the 
taxpayer is not an applicable taxpayer because it waives deductions so 
as not to satisfy the base erosion percentage test, the taxpayer may 
continue to claim deductions for base erosion payments that are not 
waived, provided these deductions would otherwise be allowed.
b. Example
    Consider a U.S.-parented multinational enterprise that satisfies 
the gross receipts test and that is not a bank or registered securities 
dealer. The U.S. corporation has gross income from domestic sources of 
$1000x and also has a net global intangible low-taxed income 
(``GILTI'') inclusion of $500x.\2\ The taxpayer has $870x of deductions 
pertinent to this example that are not base erosion tax benefits and 
$30x of deductions that are base erosion tax benefits. It is also 
assumed that the amount of foreign tax credits permitted under section 
904(a) is $105x. This taxpayer's regular U.S. taxable income is $600x 
($1000x + $500x - $870x - $30x), its regular U.S. tax rate is 21.0 
percent, and its regular U.S. tax liability is $21x ($600x x 21% = 
$126x, less

[[Page 67052]]

foreign tax credits of $105x ($126x - $105x)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ For simplification of this example, the $500x GILTI income 
is presented as the net of the global intangible low-tax income 
amount of the domestic corporation under section 951A, plus the 
section 78 gross up amount for foreign taxes, less the GILTI 
deduction under section 250(a)(1)(B). The deduction under section 
250(a)(1)(B) is not taken into account in determining the base 
erosion percentage. See section 59A(c)(4)(B)(i).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the alternative regulatory approach, the taxpayer is an 
applicable taxpayer because its base erosion percentage is 3.33 percent 
($30x/$900x), which is greater than the three percent base erosion 
threshold. Because the taxpayer is subject to the BEAT, it must further 
compute its modified taxable income, which is $630x--its regular U.S. 
taxable income ($600x) plus its base erosion tax benefits ($30x). The 
taxpayer determines its base erosion minimum tax amount as the excess 
of the BEAT rate (10 percent) multiplied by its modified taxable income 
$63x ($630x x 10%) over its regular U.S. tax liability of $21x, which 
is equal to $42x ($63x - $21x). In this example the total U.S. tax bill 
is $63x ($21x of regular tax and $42x of BEAT).
    Under the proposed regulations, this taxpayer would have the option 
to waive all or part of its deductions that are base erosion payments 
so that its base erosion percentage would fall below the base erosion 
threshold. Specifically, the taxpayer could waive $3.10x of its 
deductions that are base erosion payments, yielding a base erosion 
percentage of less than the three percent base erosion threshold (base 
erosion tax benefits = $26.90x ($30x - $3.10x); base erosion percentage 
= $26.90x/($870x + $26.90x) = 2.99%). After taking into account this 
waiver, the taxpayer's regular taxable income would increase to 
$603.10x ($1000x + $500x - $870x - $26.90x), and its regular tax 
liability would increase to $21.65x ($603.10x x 21% = $126.65, less 
foreign tax credits of $105x = $21.65x).\3\ The waiver is valuable to 
this taxpayer because its tax bill in this simple example is lower by 
$41.35x ($63x - $21.65x).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ Although the waiver increases the taxpayer's regular taxable 
income, the taxpayer's gross income (in the context of this example) 
is unchanged. Thus, only the tax liability needs to be compared 
across the regulatory approaches to determine whether the taxpayer 
would benefit from waiving deductions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This example shows the difference in tax liability caused by 
allowing deductions to be waived and thus, the difference between the 
proposed regulations and the alternative regulatory approach. The next 
part D.2.c of these Special Analyses discusses the behavioral 
incentives and economic effects that can result from this tax 
treatment.
c. Economic Effects of These Proposed Regulations
    The proposed regulations effectively allow a taxpayer to make 
payments that would be base erosion payments without becoming an 
applicable taxpayer. This provision reduces the effective tax on base 
erosion payments for at least some taxpayers, relative to the 
alternative regulatory approach. Because of this reduction, the 
proposed regulations may lead to a higher amount of base erosion 
payments than under the alternative regulatory approach.
    Any additional base erosion payments under the proposed regulations 
would come from taxpayers who, under the alternative regulatory 
approach, would not be applicable taxpayers but would be close to being 
applicable taxpayers; that is, they would have base erosion percentages 
that were close to but below the base erosion threshold.
    Taxpayers that would be applicable taxpayers under the alternative 
regulatory approach will not increase their base erosion payments under 
the proposed regulations. To see this point, consider an applicable 
taxpayer under the alternative regulatory approach with base erosion 
payments of $Y. If this taxpayer were to increase its base erosion 
payments by $10 and reduce its non-base erosion payments by $10 (that 
is, it has substituted base erosion payments for non-base erosion 
payments), its tax bill would generally increase by $1. The fact that 
this taxpayer chose base erosion payments of $Y rather than $Y+10 
suggests that this substitution would be worth less than $1 to the 
taxpayer. The substitution is not worth the increased tax. Next 
consider this taxpayer under the proposed regulations. If it elects to 
waive sufficient deductions such that it is not an applicable taxpayer, 
then the marginal increase in its tax bill from the hypothetized 
substitution is $2.10. Thus, if this increase in base erosion payments 
(and substitution away from non-base erosion payments) is not 
worthwhile to the taxpayer under the alternative regulatory approach, 
it will not be worthwhile under the proposed regulations.
    This example suggests that to the extent that there is any increase 
in base erosion payments under the proposed regulations, it will not 
come from taxpayers that would be applicable taxpayers under the 
alternative regulatory approach and will instead come from those 
taxpayers that would not be applicable taxpayers under the alternative 
regulatory approach. These taxpayers would be able, under the proposed 
regulations, to take on activities that increase their base erosion 
payments but, by waiving all or part of the deduction for these 
activities, avoid crossing the base erosion threshold. This is the set 
of taxpayers that will be the source of any economic effects arising 
from the proposed regulations.
    As a result of the ability to waive deductions in the proposed 
regulations, taxpayers may change business behavior in two possible 
ways. First, businesses may expand economic activities in the United 
States even if those activities result in payments to foreign related 
parties (i.e., base erosion payments). For example, under the 
alternative regulatory approach a multinational enterprise may decide 
not to open an office or manufacturing plant in the United States if 
that incremental activity also resulted in incremental base erosion 
payments that would cause the taxpayer to become an applicable 
taxpayer. Under the proposed regulations, this business can expand its 
activities in the U.S. and avoid becoming an applicable taxpayer, 
provided it waived sufficient deductions to stay below the base erosion 
threshold.
    Second, businesses already operating in the United States may not 
be discouraged from structuring transactions as base erosion payments 
under the proposed regulations. Under the alternative regulatory 
approach, a business might conduct its transactions through unrelated 
parties rather than with a foreign related party so that its base 
erosion percentage would remain below the base erosion threshold. Under 
the proposed regulations, this business could use a foreign related 
party rather than an unrelated party for these transactions, without 
paying the BEAT, again provided it waived sufficient deductions to stay 
below the base erosion threshold.
    In each of these cases, a business adopting these strategies would 
be presumed to accrue a non-tax, economic benefit from using a foreign 
related party rather than an unrelated party to conduct this aspect of 
its business. Under the proposed regulations, there is no U.S. tax-
related benefit tax associated with transacting with a foreign related 
party and thus any decisions made by a business to make a base erosion 
payment would occur because of the economic advantage it provides to 
the business, rather than that payment being avoided, diverted or 
otherwise distorted because it would result in the taxpayer becoming an 
applicable taxpayer subject to the BEAT. This economic advantage might 
arise, for example, because the business has a closer relationship with 
the foreign related party and its transactions with the foreign related 
party provide enhanced managerial control. This economic benefit 
accruing to this business would generally be beneficial to the U.S. 
economy; this is

[[Page 67053]]

particularly true in the first case described in the preceding 
paragraphs. While taxpayers may have compliance costs related to 
deciding whether to waive deductions and ensuring that procedural rules 
are followed, any changes in compliance costs are expected to be small 
because the accounting required for the relevant deductions is 
essentially the same under both the proposed regulations and the 
alternative regulatory approach.
    Note that under the proposed regulations, a taxpayer would in 
general face a marginal tax rate that is 21 percentage points higher on 
its base erosion payments than on comparable deductions that are not 
base erosion payments. Economic analysis would conclude that the 
business will undertake a base erosion payment rather than a non-base 
erosion payment only if it provides a non-tax benefit at least this 
large. Businesses will choose a different mix of base erosion and non-
base erosion payments under the alternative regulatory approach, but an 
analogous inference about the marginal value of a base erosion payment 
here (and thus of the difference between the proposed regulations and 
the alternative regulatory approach) is more complex because the 
marginal tax incurred by base erosion payments near the base erosion 
threshold depends on (i) how close the taxpayer would be to the 
threshold; (ii) the quantity of its base erosion payments that are 
below the base erosion threshold and subject to tax if the base erosion 
threshold is exceeded; and (iii) other factors affecting the potential 
BEAT liability. Because of these factors, the difference in the non-tax 
value to businesses of a marginal base erosion payment between the 
proposed regulations and alternative regulatory approach is complex and 
not readily inferred.
    This said, as a general matter, for taxpayers who chose to waive 
deductions under the proposed regulations in order not to be applicable 
taxpayers, the Treasury Department and the IRS expect that relative to 
the alternative regulatory approach, the proposed regulations would 
tend to:
     Reduce tax costs of additional economic activity in the 
United States by those taxpayers in the situation where additional 
economic activity in the United States would tend to increase base 
erosion payments;
     Reduce tax-related incentives for otherwise economically 
inefficient business, contractual or accounting changes designed to 
avoid the taxpayer being an applicable taxpayer;
     Continue to fulfill the general intent and purpose of the 
statute by not providing tax incentives for certain large corporations 
to make deductible payments to foreign related parties in excess of 3 
percent of the taxpayer's deductions; and
     Reduce the number of taxpayers that are applicable 
taxpayers and the overall amount of BEAT collected. This revenue effect 
is likely to be offset to some degree by the fact that some taxpayers 
are likely to elect to waive allowable deductions.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS have not attempted to provide a 
quantitative estimate of the economic consequences of the proposed 
regulations relative to the alternative regulatory approach. Any 
increase in base erosion payments under the proposed regulations 
depends on the number of taxpayers that would be close to the base 
erosion threshold under the alternative regulatory approach, the 
quantity of base erosion payments they would have under the alternative 
regulatory approach, and, most importantly, the economic value provided 
by those base erosion payments relative to alternative economic 
decisions. These items are difficult to estimate with any reasonable 
precision in part because they involve economic activities, including 
potential new economic activity in the United States, that cannot be 
readily inferred from existing data or models available to the Treasury 
Department and the IRS.
    In the absence of such quantitative estimates, the Treasury 
Department and the IRS have undertaken a qualitative analysis of the 
economic effects of the proposed regulations relative to the 
alternative regulatory approach.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS solicit comments on these 
findings and more generally on the economic effects of these proposed 
regulations. The Treasury Department and the IRS particularly solicit 
data, other evidence, or models that could be used to enhance the rigor 
of the process by which the final regulations might be developed.
d. Number of Affected Taxpayers
    These proposed regulations affect all corporate taxpayers that 
satisfy the gross receipts test, base erosion percentage test, and have 
base erosion payments. The Treasury Department and the IRS project that 
3,500-4,500 taxpayers may be applicable taxpayers under the BEAT. This 
estimate is based on the number of filers that (1) filed the Form 1120 
series of tax returns (except for the Form 1120-S), (2) filed a Form 
5471 or Form 5472, and (3) reported gross receipts of at least $500 
million. Because an applicable taxpayer is defined under section 
59A(e)(1)(A) as a corporation other than a regulated investment 
company, a real estate investment trust, or an S corporation, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS have determined that taxpayers who 
filed the Form 1120 series of tax returns will be most likely to be 
affected by these proposed regulations. Additionally, the Treasury 
Department and the IRS estimated the number of filers likely to make 
payments to a foreign related party based on filers of the Form 1120 
series of tax returns who also filed a Form 5471 or Form 5472 to 
determine the number of respondents. Finally, because an applicable 
taxpayer is defined under section 59A(e)(1)(B) as a taxpayer with 
average annual gross receipts of at least $500 million for the 3-
taxable-year period ending with the preceding taxable year, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS estimated the scope of Affected 
Taxpayers based on the amount of gross receipts reported by taxpayers 
filing the Form 1120 series of tax returns.
    These projections are based solely on data with respect to the 
taxpayer, without taking into account any members of the taxpayer's 
aggregate group. As many as 100,000-110,000 additional taxpayers may be 
applicable taxpayers as a result of being members of an aggregate 
group.\4\ This estimate is based on the number of taxpayers who filed a 
Form 1120 and also filed a Form 5471 or a Form 5472, but without regard 
to the gross receipts test. Current data do not permit an estimate of 
the number of taxpayers that would be close to the base erosion 
threshold.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ These estimates are based on current tax filings for taxable 
year 2017 and do not yet include the BEAT. At this time, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS do not have readily available data 
to determine whether a taxpayer that is a member of an aggregate 
group will meet all tests to be an applicable taxpayer for purposes 
of the BEAT.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Paperwork Reduction Act
    The collections of information in these proposed regulations with 
respect to section 59A are in proposed Sec. Sec.  1.59A-3(c)(5), and 
1.6031(a)-1(b)(7). The collection of information in proposed Sec. Sec.  
1.59A-3(c)(5) is an election to waive deductions allowed under the 
Code. The election to waive deductions is made by a taxpayer on its 
original or amended income tax return. A taxpayer makes the election on 
an annual basis by completing Form 8991 or as provided in applicable 
instructions. The IRS is contemplating making additional changes to the 
Form 8991 to take these proposed regulations into account.
    The collection of information in proposed Sec.  1.6031(a)-1(b)(7) 
requires a partner in a foreign partnership that: (1)

[[Page 67054]]

Is not required to file a partnership return and (2) has made a payment 
or accrual that is treated as a base erosion payment of a partner under 
Sec.  1.59A-7(b)(2), to provide the information necessary to report any 
base erosion payments on Form 8991. The IRS intends that this 
information will be collected by completing Form 8991, Tax on Base 
Erosion Payments of Taxpayers With Substantial Gross Receipts, Form 
1065, and Schedule K-1. The IRS is contemplating making revisions to 
Form 1065, Schedule K, and Schedule K-1 to take these proposed 
regulations into account.
    For purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act, the reporting burden 
associated with the collections of information with respect to section 
59A, will be reflected in the Paperwork Reduction Act Submission, 
associated with Form 8991 (OMB control number 1545-0123).
    The current status of the Paperwork Reduction Act submissions 
related to BEAT is provided in the following table. The BEAT provisions 
are included in aggregated burden estimates for the OMB control numbers 
listed below which, in the case of 1545-0123, represents a total 
estimated burden time, including all other related forms and schedules 
for corporations, of 3.157 billion hours and total estimated monetized 
costs of $58.148 billion ($2017). The burden estimates provided in the 
OMB control numbers below are aggregate amounts that relate to the 
entire package of forms associated with the OMB control number, and 
will in the future include but not isolate the estimated burden of only 
the BEAT requirements. These numbers are therefore unrelated to the 
future calculations needed to assess the burden imposed by the proposed 
regulations. The Treasury Department and IRS urge readers to recognize 
that these numbers are duplicates and to guard against overcounting the 
burden that international tax provisions imposed prior to the Act. No 
burden estimates specific to the proposed regulations are currently 
available. The Treasury Department has not estimated the burden, 
including that of any new information collections, related to the 
requirements under the proposed regulations. Those estimates would 
capture both changes made by the Act and those that arise out of 
discretionary authority exercised in the proposed regulations. The 
Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on all aspects of 
information collection burdens related to the proposed regulations. In 
addition, when available, drafts of IRS forms are posted for comment at 
https://apps.irs.gov/app/picklist/list/draftTaxForms.htm.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Form                      Type of filer          OMB No.(s)                  Status
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 8991........................  Business (NEW Model).....       1545-0123  Published in the FRN on 10/11/18.
                                   Link: https://                              Public Comment period closed on
                                    www.federalregister.gov/                   12/10/18.
                                    documents/2018/10/09/
                                    2018-21846/proposed-
                                    collection-comment-
                                    request-for-forms-1065-
                                    1065-b-1066-1120-1120-c-
                                    1120-f-1120-h-1120-nd.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Related New or Revised Tax Forms
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Number of
                                                   New            Revision of existing form   respondents (2018,
                                                                                                  estimated)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 8991...............................  Y                      ..........................         3,500-4,500
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The number of respondents in the Related New or Revised Tax Forms 
table was estimated by Treasury's Office of Tax Analysis based on data 
from IRS Compliance Planning and Analytics using tax return data for 
tax years 2015 and 2016. Data for Form 8991 represent preliminary 
estimates of the total number of taxpayers which may be required to 
file the new Form 8991. Only certain large corporate taxpayers with 
gross receipts of at least $500 million are expected to file this form.
F. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    It is hereby certified that these regulations will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities 
within the meaning of section 601(6) of the Regulatory Flexibility Act 
(5 U.S.C. chapter 6). This certification is based on the fact that 
these regulations will primarily affect aggregate groups of 
corporations with average annual gross receipts of at least $500 
million and that make payments to foreign related parties. Generally 
only large businesses both have substantial gross receipts and make 
payments to foreign related parties.
    Notwithstanding this certification, the Treasury Department and the 
IRS invite comments from the public about the impact of this proposed 
rule on small entities.
    Pursuant to section 7805(f), these regulations will be submitted to 
the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for 
comment on their impact on small business.
G. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
    Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) 
requires that agencies assess anticipated costs and benefits and take 
certain other actions before issuing a final rule that includes any 
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures in any one year by a 
state, local, or tribal government, in the aggregate, or by the private 
sector, of $100 million in 1995 dollars, updated annually for 
inflation. In 2019, that threshold is approximately $154 million. This 
rule does not include any Federal mandate that may result in 
expenditures by state, local, or tribal governments, or by the private 
sector in excess of that threshold.
H. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    Executive Order 13132 (entitled ``Federalism'') prohibits an agency 
from publishing any rule that has federalism implications if the rule 
either imposes substantial, direct compliance costs on state and local 
governments, and is not required by statute, or preempts state law, 
unless the agency meets the consultation and funding requirements of 
section 6 of the Executive Order. This proposed rule does not have 
federalism implications and does not impose substantial direct 
compliance costs on state and local governments or preempt state law 
within the meaning of the Executive Order.

[[Page 67055]]

Comments and Request for Public Hearing

    Before these proposed regulations are adopted as final regulations, 
consideration will be given to any comments that are submitted timely 
to the IRS as prescribed in this preamble under the ``Addresses'' 
heading. The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on all 
aspects of the proposed rules. See also parts II and III of the 
Explanation of Provisions (requesting specific comments related to the 
aggregate group rules in light of the with-or-without method and the 
election to waive allowable deductions, respectively) and parts II.C., 
II.D., and IV.B. of the Explanation of Provisions (requesting specific 
comments related to the appropriate treatment of a deconsolidating 
member's gross receipts history, appropriate methods of taking into 
account predecessors and successors for purposes of determining gross 
receipts of an applicable taxpayer's aggregate group, and the treatment 
of transactions involving partnerships engaged in a U.S. trade or 
business, respectively).
    All comments will be available at www.regulations.gov or upon 
request. A public hearing will be scheduled if requested in writing by 
any person that timely submits written comments. If a public hearing is 
scheduled, notice of the date, time, and place for the public hearing 
will be published in the Federal Register.

Drafting Information

    The principal authors of the proposed regulations are Azeka J. 
Abramoff, Sheila Ramaswamy and Karen Walny of the Office of Associate 
Chief Counsel (International). However, other personnel from the 
Treasury Department and the IRS participated in their development.

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1

    Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Proposed Amendments to the Regulations

    Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 1--INCOME TAXES

0
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read in 
part as follows:

    Authority:  26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *

0
Par. 2. Section1.59A-2, as added in a final rule published elsewhere in 
this issue of the Federal Register, effective December 6, 2019, is 
amended by adding paragraphs (c)(2)(ii), (c)(4) through (6), and 
paragraph (f)(2) to read as follows:


Sec.  1.59A-2   Applicable taxpayer.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) Change in the composition of an aggregate group. A change in 
ownership of the taxpayer (for example, a sale of the taxpayer to a 
third party) does not cause the taxpayer to leave its own aggregate 
group. Instead, any members of the taxpayer's aggregate group before 
the change in ownership that are no longer members following the change 
in ownership are treated as having left the taxpayer's aggregate group, 
and any new members that become members of the taxpayer's aggregate 
group following the change in ownership are treated as having joined 
the taxpayer's aggregate group. A change in ownership of another member 
of the aggregate group of the taxpayer (for example, a sale of the 
member to a third party) may result in the member joining or leaving 
the aggregate group of the taxpayer. See paragraph (c)(4) of this 
section for the treatment of members joining or leaving the aggregate 
group of a taxpayer.
* * * * *
    (4) Periods before and after a corporation is a member of an 
aggregate group. Solely for purposes of this section, to determine the 
gross receipts and the base erosion percentage of the aggregate group 
of a taxpayer, the taxpayer takes into account only the portion of 
another corporation's taxable year during which the corporation is a 
member of the aggregate group of the taxpayer. The gross receipts of an 
aggregate group of a taxpayer attributable to a member of the aggregate 
group are not reduced as a result of the member leaving the aggregate 
group of the taxpayer. Solely for purposes of this paragraph (c), when 
a member joins or leaves the aggregate group of a taxpayer in a 
transaction that does not result in the member having a taxable year-
end, the member is treated as having a taxable year end (deemed taxable 
year-end) immediately before joining or leaving the group. For purposes 
of this paragraph (c)(4), a corporation that has a deemed taxable year-
end may determine gross receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and 
deductions attributable to that year by either treating the 
corporation's books as closing at the deemed taxable year-end or, in 
the case of items other than extraordinary items (as defined in Sec.  
1.1502-76(b)(2)(ii)(C)), allocating those items on a pro-rata basis 
without a closing of the books.
    (5) Treatment of short taxable year. Solely for purposes of this 
section, if a taxpayer has a taxable year of fewer than 12 months (a 
short period), gross receipts are annualized by multiplying the gross 
receipts for the short period by 365 and dividing the result by the 
number of days in the short period. When a taxpayer has a taxable year 
that is a short period, the taxpayer must use a reasonable approach to 
determine the gross receipts and base erosion percentage of its 
aggregate group for the short period. A reasonable approach should 
neither over-count nor under-count the gross receipts, base erosion tax 
benefits, and deductions of the aggregate group of the taxpayer, even 
if the taxable year of a member or members of the aggregate group does 
not end with or within the short period.
    (6) Treatment of predecessors--(i) In general. Solely for purposes 
of this section, in determining gross receipts under paragraph (d) of 
this section, any reference to a taxpayer includes a reference to any 
predecessor of the taxpayer. For this purpose, a predecessor includes 
the distributor or transferor corporation in a transaction described in 
section 381(a) in which the taxpayer is the acquiring corporation.
    (ii) No duplication. If the taxpayer or any member of its aggregate 
group is also a predecessor of the taxpayer or any member of its 
aggregate group, the gross receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and 
deductions of each member are taken into account only once.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *

    (2) Example 2: Member leaving an aggregate group--(i) Facts. 
Parent Corporation wholly owns Corporation 1 and Corporation 2. Each 
corporation is a domestic corporation and a calendar year taxpayer 
that does not file a consolidated return. The aggregate group of 
Corporation 1 includes Parent Corporation and Corporation 2. At noon 
on June 30, Year 1, Parent Corporation sells the stock of 
Corporation 2 to Corporation 3, an unrelated domestic corporation, 
in exchange for cash consideration. Before the acquisition, 
Corporation 3 was not a member of an aggregate group. Corporation 2 
and Corporation 3 do not file a consolidated return.
    (ii) Analysis. (A) For purposes of section 59A, to determine the 
gross receipts and base erosion percentage of the aggregate group of 
Corporation 1 for calendar Year 1, Corporation 2 is treated as 
having a taxable year end immediately before noon on June 30, Year 
1, as a result of the sale. The aggregate group of Corporation 1 
takes into account only the gross receipts, base erosion tax 
benefits, and deductions of Corporation 2 attributable to the period 
from January 1 to immediately before noon on June 30 of Year 1. The 
same results apply to the aggregate

[[Page 67056]]

group of Parent Corporation for calendar Year 1.
    (B) For purposes of section 59A, to determine the gross receipts 
and base erosion percentage of the aggregate group of Corporation 2 
for calendar Year 1, each of Parent Corporation, Corporation 1, and 
Corporation 3 are treated as having a taxable year end at 
immediately before noon on June 30, Year 1. Because Corporation 2 
does not have a short taxable year, paragraph (c)(5) of this section 
does not apply. The aggregate group of Corporation 2 takes into 
account the gross receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and 
deductions of Parent Corporation and Corporation 1 attributable to 
the period from January 1 to immediately before noon on June 30 of 
Year 1, and the gross receipts, base erosion tax benefits, and 
deductions of Corporation 3 attributable to the period from noon on 
June 30 to December 31 of Year 1.

0
Par. 3. Section 1.59A-3, as added in a final rule published elsewhere 
in this issue of the Federal Register, effective December 6, 2019, is 
amended by adding paragraphs (c)(5) and (6) and (d)(8) and (9) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  1.59A-3   Base erosion payments and base erosion tax benefits.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (5) Allowed deduction. Solely for purposes of paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section, all deductions that could be properly claimed by a 
taxpayer for the taxable year (determined after giving effect to the 
taxpayer's permissible method of accounting and to any election, such 
as the election under section 173 to capitalize circulation 
expenditures or the election under section 168(g)(7) to use the 
alternative depreciation system of depreciation) are treated as allowed 
deductions under chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code.
    (6) Election to waive allowed deductions--(i) In general. Solely 
for purposes of paragraph (c)(1) of this section, if a taxpayer elects 
to waive certain deductions, the amount of allowed deductions as 
defined in paragraph (c)(5) of this section is reduced by the amount of 
deductions that are properly waived under this paragraph (c)(6)(i). To 
make this election, a taxpayer must provide information related to each 
deduction waived as required by applicable forms and instructions 
issued by the Commissioner, including--
    (A) A detailed description of the item or property to which the 
deduction relates, including sufficient information to identify that 
item or property on the taxpayer's books and records;
    (B) The date on which, or period in which, the waived deduction was 
paid or accrued;
    (C) The provision of the Internal Revenue Code (and regulations, as 
applicable) that allows the deduction for the item or property to which 
the election relates;
    (D) The amount of the deduction that is claimed for the taxable 
year with respect to the item or property;
    (E) The amount of the deduction being waived for the taxable year 
with respect to the item or property;
    (F) A description of where the deduction is reflected (or would 
have been reflected) on the Federal income tax return (schedule and 
line number); and
    (G) The name, EIN (if applicable), and country of organization of 
the foreign related party that is or will be the recipient of the 
payment that generates the deduction.
    (ii) Effect of election to waive deduction--(A) In general--(1) 
Consistent treatment. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph 
(c)(6)(ii), any deduction waived under paragraph (c)(6) of this section 
is treated as having been waived for all purposes of the Code and 
regulations.
    (2) No allocation and apportionment of waived deductions. The 
waiver of deductions described in this paragraph (c)(6) is treated as 
occurring before the allocation and apportionment of deductions under 
Sec. Sec.  1.861-8 through -14T and 1.861-17 (such as for purposes of 
section 904).
    (3) Effect of waiver of deductions described in Sec. Sec.  1.861-10 
and Sec.  1.861-10T. To the extent that any waived deduction is 
interest expense that would have been directly allocated under the 
rules of Sec. Sec.  1.861-10 or Sec.  1.861-10T and would have resulted 
in the reduction of value of any assets for purposes of allocating 
other interest expense under Sec. Sec.  1.861-9 and 1.861-9T, the value 
of the assets is reduced to the same extent as if the taxpayer had not 
elected to waive the deduction.
    (B) Effect of the election to waive deductions disregarded for 
certain purposes. If a taxpayer makes the election to waive a 
deduction, in whole or in part, under paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this 
section, the election is disregarded for determining--
    (1) The taxpayer's overall method of accounting, or the taxpayer's 
method of accounting for any item, under section 446 and the 
regulations in this part under section 446;
    (2) Whether a change in the taxpayer's overall plan of accounting 
or the taxpayer's treatment of a material item is a change in method of 
accounting under section 446(e) and Sec.  1.446-1(e);
    (3) The amount allowable under subtitle A of the Code for 
depreciation or amortization for purposes of section 167(c) and section 
1016(a)(2) or section 1016(a)(3) and any other adjustment to basis 
under section 1016(a);
    (4) For purposes of applying the exclusive apportionment rule in 
Sec.  1.861-17(b), the geographic source where the research and 
experimental activities which account for more than fifty percent of 
the amount of the deduction for research and experimentation was 
performed;
    (5) The application of section 482 and the regulations under 
section 482;
    (6) The amount of the taxpayer's earnings and profits; and
    (7) Any other item as necessary to prevent a taxpayer from 
receiving the benefit of a waived deduction.
    (C) Not a method of accounting. The election described in paragraph 
(c)(6)(i) of this section is not a method of accounting under section 
446 and the regulations in this part under section 446.
    (D) Effect of the election in determining section 481(a) 
adjustments. A taxpayer making the election described in paragraph 
(c)(6)(i) of this section agrees that if the method of accounting for a 
waived deduction is changed, the amount of adjustment taken into 
account under section 481(a)(2) is determined without regard to the 
election described in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section. As a result, 
a waived deduction has no effect on the amount of a section 481(a) 
adjustment compared to what the adjustment would have been if the 
deduction had not been waived.
    (iii) Time and manner for election to waive deduction. A taxpayer 
may make the election described in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section 
on its original filed Federal income tax return. In addition, a 
taxpayer may elect to waive deductions or increase the amount of 
deductions waived pursuant to the election described in paragraph 
(c)(6)(i) of this section on an amended Federal income tax return filed 
within the later of 3 years from the date the original return was 
filed, taking into account section 6501(b)(1), for the taxable year for 
which the election is made or the period described in section 
6501(c)(4), or during the course of an examination of the taxpayer's 
income tax return for the relevant tax year pursuant to procedures 
prescribed by the Commissioner. However, a taxpayer may not decrease 
the amount of deductions waived by the election, or otherwise revoke 
the election that is described in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section 
on any amended Federal income tax return or during the course of an 
examination. To make the election, a

[[Page 67057]]

taxpayer must complete the appropriate part of Form 8991, Tax on Base 
Erosion Payments of Taxpayers With Substantial Gross Receipts, (or 
successor), including the information described in paragraph (c)(6)(i) 
of this section and any other information required by the form or 
instructions. A taxpayer makes the election described in paragraph 
(c)(6)(i) of this section on an annual basis, and the taxpayer does not 
need the consent of the Commissioner if the taxpayer chooses not to 
make the election for a subsequent taxable year. The election described 
in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section may not be made in any other 
manner (for example, by filing an application for a change in 
accounting method).
    (d) * * *

    (8) Example 8: Effect of election to waive deduction on method 
of accounting--(i) Facts. DC, a domestic corporation, purchased and 
placed in service a depreciable asset (Asset A) from a foreign 
related party on the first day of its taxable year 1 for $100x. DC 
elects to use the alternative depreciation system under section 
168(g) to depreciate all properties placed in service during taxable 
year 1. Asset A is not eligible for the additional first year 
depreciation deduction. Beginning in taxable year 1, DC depreciates 
Asset A under the alternative depreciation system using the 
straight-line depreciation method, a 5-year recovery period, and the 
half-year convention. This depreciation method, recovery period, and 
convention are permissible for Asset A under section 168(g). On its 
timely filed original Federal income tax return for taxable year 1, 
DC does not elect to waive any deductions and DC claims a 
depreciation deduction of $10x for Asset A. On its timely filed 
original Federal income tax return for taxable year 2, DC does not 
elect to waive any deductions and DC claims a depreciation deduction 
of $20x for Asset A. During taxable year 3, DC files an amended 
return for taxable year 1 to elect to waive the depreciation 
deduction for Asset A and reports in accordance with paragraph 
(c)(6)(i) of this section with its amended return for taxable year 1 
that the amount of the waived depreciation deduction for Asset A is 
$10x and the amount of the claimed depreciation deduction is $0x.
    (ii) Analysis-- Pursuant to paragraph (c)(6)(ii)(B)(1) of this 
section, DC's election to waive the depreciation deduction for Asset 
A for taxable year 1 is disregarded for determining DC's method of 
accounting for Asset A. Accordingly, after DC's election to waive 
the depreciation deduction for Asset A for taxable year 1, DC's 
method of accounting for depreciation for Asset A continues to be 
the straight-line depreciation method, a 5-year recovery period, and 
the half-year convention. Pursuant to paragraph (c)(6)(ii)(C) of 
this section, the election made by DC in taxable year 3 on its 
amended return for taxable year 1 is not a method of accounting.
    (9) Example 9: Change of accounting method when taxpayer has 
waived a deduction--(i) Facts. DC, a domestic corporation, purchased 
and placed in service a depreciable asset (Asset B) from a foreign 
related party on the first day of its taxable year 1 for $100x. DC 
elects to use the alternative depreciation system under section 
168(g) to depreciate all properties placed in service during taxable 
year 1. Asset B is not eligible for the additional first year 
depreciation deduction. Beginning in taxable year 1, DC depreciates 
Asset B under the alternative depreciation system using the 
straight-line depreciation method, a 10-year recovery period, and 
the half-year convention. Under this method of accounting, the 
depreciation deductions for Asset B are $5x for taxable year 1 and 
$10x for taxable year 2. However, for taxable years 1 and 2, DC 
elects to waive $3x and $6x, respectively, of the depreciation 
deductions for Asset B and reports the information required under 
paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section with its returns. In taxable 
year 3, DC realizes that the correct recovery period for Asset B is 
5 years. If DC had used the correct recovery period for Asset B, the 
depreciation deductions for Asset B would have been $10x for taxable 
year 1 and $20x for taxable year 2. DC timely files a Form 3115 to 
change its method of accounting for Asset B from a 10-year recovery 
period to a 5-year recovery period, beginning with taxable year 3. 
DC was not under examination as of the date on which it timely filed 
this Form 3115.
    (ii) Analysis--(A) Computation of the section 481(a) adjustment. 
In determining the net negative section 481(a) adjustment for this 
method change, DC compares the depreciation deductions under its 
present method of accounting to the depreciation deductions under 
its proposed method of accounting. Pursuant to paragraph 
(c)(6)(ii)(D) of this section, DC agreed that, by making the 
election to waive depreciation deductions for Asset B, DC will not 
take into account the fact that depreciation deductions for Asset B 
were waived under paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section. Accordingly, 
DC's net negative section 481(a) adjustment for this method change 
is $15x, which is calculated by determining the difference between 
the depreciation deductions for Asset B for taxable years 1 and 2 
under DC's present method of accounting ($15x) and the depreciation 
deductions that would have been allowable for Asset B for taxable 
years 1 and 2 under DC's proposed method of accounting ($30x).
    (B) Computation of basis adjustments. Pursuant to paragraph 
(c)(6)(ii)(B)(3) of this section, DC's elections to waive the 
depreciation deductions for Asset B for taxable years 1 and 2 are 
disregarded for determining the amount allowable for depreciation 
for purposes of section 1016(a)(2). The amount allowable for 
depreciation of Asset B is determined based on the proper method of 
computing depreciation for Asset B. Accordingly, Asset B's adjusted 
basis at the end of taxable year 1 is $90x ($100x-$10x) and at the 
end of taxable year 2 is $70x ($90x-$20x).

0
Par. 4. Section 1.59A-7, as added in a final rule published elsewhere 
in this issue of the Federal Register, effective December 6, 2019, is 
amended by adding paragraphs (c)(5)(v) and (g)(2)(x) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  1.59A-7   Application of base erosion and anti-abuse tax to 
partnerships.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (5) * * *
    (v) Allocations of income in lieu of deductions. If a partnership 
adopts the curative method of making section 704(c) allocations under 
Sec.  1.704-3(c), the allocation of income to the contributing partner 
in lieu of a deduction allocation to the non-contributing partner is 
treated as a deduction for purposes of section 59A in an amount equal 
to the income allocation. See paragraph (g)(2)(x) of this section 
(Example 10) for an example illustrating the application of this 
paragraph (c)(5)(v).
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (2) * * *

    (x) Example 10: Section 704(c) and curative allocations--(A) 
Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(A) of this 
section (the facts in Example 2), except that DC's property is not 
depreciable, PRS uses the traditional method with curative 
allocations under Sec.  1.704-3(c), and the curative allocations are 
to be made from operating income. Also assume that the partnership 
has $20x of gross operating income in each year and a curative 
allocation of the operating income satisfies the ``substantially the 
same effect'' requirement of Sec.  1.704-3(c)(3)(iii)(A).
    (B) Analysis. The analysis and results are the same as in 
paragraph (d)(2)(i)(B) of this section (the analysis in Example 1), 
except that actual depreciation is $8x ($40x/5) per year and the 
ceiling rule shortfall under Sec.  1.704-3(b)(1) of $2x per year is 
corrected with a curative allocation of income from DC to FC is $2x 
per year. Solely for U.S. federal income tax purposes, each year FC 
is allocated $12x of total operating income and DC is allocated $8x 
of operating income. Both the actual depreciation deduction to DC 
and the curative allocation of income from DC are base erosion tax 
benefits to DC under paragraph (d)(1) of this section.

0
Par. 5. Section1.59A-9, as added in a final rule published elsewhere in 
this issue of the Federal Register, effective December 6, 2019, is 
amended by adding paragraphs (b)(5) and (6) to read as follows:


Sec.  1.59A-9   Anti-abuse and recharacterization rules.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) Transactions involving derivatives on a partnership interest. 
If a taxpayer acquires a derivative on a partnership interest (or 
partnership assets) as part of a transaction (or series of 
transactions),

[[Page 67058]]

plan or arrangement that has as a principal purpose avoiding a base 
erosion payment (or reducing the amount of a base erosion payment) and 
the partnership interest (or partnership assets) would have resulted in 
a base erosion payment had the taxpayer acquired that interest (or 
partnership asset) directly, then the taxpayer is treated as having a 
direct interest instead of a derivative interest for purposes of 
applying section 59A. A derivative interest in a partnership includes 
any contract (including any financial instrument) the value of which, 
or any payment or other transfer with respect to which, is (directly or 
indirectly) determined in whole or in part by reference to the 
partnership, including the amount of partnership distributions, the 
value of partnership assets, or the results of partnership operations.
    (6) Allocations to eliminate or reduce a base erosion payment. If a 
partnership receives (or accrues) income from a person not acting in a 
partner capacity (including a person who is not a partner) and 
allocates that income to its partners with a principal purpose of 
avoiding a base erosion payment (or reducing the amount of a base 
erosion payment), then the taxpayer transacting with the partnership 
will determine its base erosion payment as if the allocations had not 
been made and the items of income had been allocated proportionately. 
The preceding sentence applies only when the allocations, in 
combination with any related allocations, do not change the economic 
arrangement of the partners to the partnership.
* * * * *
0
Par. 6. Section 1.59A-10, as added in a final rule published elsewhere 
in this issue of the Federal Register, effective December 6, 2019, is 
revised to read as follows:


Sec.  1.59A-10   Applicability date.

    (a) General applicability date. Sections 1.59A-1 through 1.59A-9, 
other than the provisions described in the first sentence of paragraph 
(b) of this section, apply to taxable years ending on or after December 
17, 2018. However, taxpayers may apply these regulations in their 
entirety for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and 
ending before December 17, 2018. In lieu of applying these regulations, 
taxpayers may apply the provisions matching Sec. Sec.  1.59A-1 through 
1.59A-9 from the Internal Revenue Bulletin (IRB) 2019-02 (https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb19-02.pdf) in their entirety for all 
taxable years ending on or before December 6, 2019.
    (b) Exception. Sections 1.59A-2(c)(2)(ii) and (c)(4) through (6) 
and 1.59A-3(c)(5) and (6) apply to taxable years beginning on or after 
[EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE], and Sec. Sec.  1.59A-7(c)(5)(v) and 
1.59A-9(b)(5) and (6) apply to taxable years ending on or after 
December 2, 2019. However, taxpayers may apply these provisions in 
their entirety for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and 
before the final regulations are applicable. If a taxpayer is applying 
the provisions described in the last sentence of paragraph (a) of this 
section, the taxpayer's failure to apply Sec.  1.59A-2(c)(2)(ii) and 
(c)(4) through (6) to taxable years ending on or before December 6, 
2019 is not taken into account for purposes of applying the preceding 
sentence.
* * * * *
0
Par. 7. Section 1.6031(a)-1 is amended by adding paragraphs (b)(7) and 
(f)(3) to read as follows:


Sec.  1.6031(a)-1   Return of partnership income.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (7) Filing obligation for certain partners of certain foreign 
partnerships with respect to base erosion payments. If a foreign 
partnership is not required to file a partnership return and the 
foreign partnership has made a payment or accrual that is treated as a 
base erosion payment of a partner as provided in Sec.  1.59A-7(b)(2), a 
person required to file a Form 8991 (or successor) who is a partner in 
the partnership must provide the information necessary to report any 
base erosion payments on Form 8991 (or successor) or the related 
instructions. This paragraph does not apply to any partner described in 
Sec.  1.59A-7(b)(4).
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (3) Paragraph (b)(7) of this section applies to taxable years 
ending on or after the date that final regulations are filed with the 
Federal Register.

Sunita Lough,
Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement.
[FR Doc. 2019-25745 Filed 12-2-19; 4:15 pm]
 BILLING CODE 4830-01-P