[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 183 (Friday, September 20, 2019)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 49492-49497]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-20196]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 52 and 81

[EPA-R05-OAR-2019-0394; FRL-9999-96-Region 5]


Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes; Ohio; 
Redesignation of the Ohio Portion of the Steubenville Sulfur Dioxide 
Nonattainment Area

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: In accordance with the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Environmental 
Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to redesignate the Ohio portion of 
the Steubenville Ohio-West Virginia interstate sulfur dioxide 
(SO2) nonattainment area (Steubenville nonattainment area) 
from nonattainment to attainment. EPA is also proposing to approve 
Ohio's maintenance plan. Emissions of SO2 in the area have 
been reduced and the air quality in the nonattainment area is currently 
well below the SO2 national ambient air quality standard 
(NAAQS).

DATES: Comments must be received on or before October 21, 2019.

[[Page 49493]]


ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R05-
OAR-2019-0394 at http://www.regulations.gov or via email to 
[email protected]. For comments submitted at Regulations.gov, 
follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, 
comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. For either 
manner of submission, EPA may publish any comment received to its 
public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you 
consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia 
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written 
comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and 
should include discussion of all points you wish to make. EPA will 
generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of 
the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other file sharing 
system). For additional submission methods, please contact the person 
identified in the For Further Information Contact section. For the full 
EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia 
submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please 
visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mary Portanova, Environmental 
Engineer, Control Strategies Section, Air Programs Branch (AR18J), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 353-5954, [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,'' 
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean EPA. This supplementary information 
section is arranged as follows:

I. Background and Redesignation Requirements
II. Relationship Between This Rulemaking and the Nonattainment Plan 
Rulemaking
III. Determination of Attainment
IV. Approval of Ohio's SIP
V. Permanent and Enforceable Emission Reductions
VI. Requirements for the Area Under Section 110 and Part D
VII. Maintenance Plan
VIII. What action is EPA taking?
IX. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Background and Redesignation Requirements

    In 2010, EPA established a revised primary SO2 NAAQS of 
75 parts per billion (ppb) (75 FR 35520, June 22, 2010). EPA designated 
the Steubenville nonattainment area as nonattainment for the 2010 
SO2 NAAQS on August 5, 2013 (78 FR 47191), based upon air 
quality monitoring data for calendar years 2009-2011. The Steubenville 
nonattainment area is comprised of a portion of Jefferson County, Ohio 
and a portion of Brooke County, West Virginia. The Ohio portion of the 
nonattainment area includes Cross Creek Township, Steubenville 
Township, Warren Township, Wells Township, and Steubenville City in 
Jefferson County. The West Virginia portion of the nonattainment area 
is the Cross Creek Tax District in Brooke County.
    Ohio and West Virginia were required to prepare nonattainment State 
Implementation Plans (SIPs) that would provide for attainment of the 
SO2 NAAQS in the Steubenville nonattainment area by the 
SO2 attainment date of October 4, 2018. The plans must also 
meet the additional requirements of sections 172(c) and 191-192 of the 
CAA. Ohio submitted its nonattainment SIP on April 3, 2015, and 
supplemented it on October 13, 2015, March 13, 2017, March 25, 2019, 
and June 25, 2019. EPA proposed to approve the nonattainment plans from 
Ohio and West Virginia on June 24, 2019 (84 FR 29456). Ohio submitted 
its request to redesignate the Ohio portion of the Steubenville 
nonattainment area on June 25, 2019.
    Under CAA section 107(d)(3)(E), five criteria must be met before a 
nonattainment area may be redesignated to attainment. Although the 
Steubenville nonattainment area includes portions in two states, 
today's action only proposes to redesignate the Ohio portion of this 
area.
    The following identifies the interpretation EPA is applying as to 
the extent to which these criteria must be met in the full two-state 
area or only in Ohio. EPA anticipates a separate redesignation request 
from West Virginia, addressing the West Virginia portion of the area, 
which EPA anticipates evaluating using similar criteria. The criteria 
are that:
    1. EPA has determined that the relevant NAAQS has been attained in 
the area. In this rulemaking, EPA is evaluating whether the entire two-
state area is attaining the SO2 NAAQS.
    2. The applicable implementation plan has been fully approved by 
EPA under section 110(k). In this rulemaking, EPA is evaluating 
redesignation for the Ohio portion of the area on the basis of whether 
Ohio's applicable implementation plan has been fully approved.
    3. EPA has determined that improvement in air quality is due to 
permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions resulting from the 
SIP, Federal regulations, and other permanent and enforceable 
reductions. In this rulemaking, EPA is evaluating this criterion on a 
two-state area-wide basis.
    4. EPA has determined that the state has met all applicable 
requirements for the area under section 110 and part D. In this 
rulemaking, EPA is evaluating redesignation for the Ohio portion of the 
area on the basis of whether Ohio has met all applicable requirements.
    5. EPA has fully approved a maintenance plan, including a 
contingency plan, for the area under section 175A of the CAA. In this 
rulemaking, EPA is evaluating whether Ohio's maintenance plan provides 
for its share of actions to assure maintenance in the two-state area.

II. Relationship Between This Rulemaking and the Nonattainment Plan 
Rulemaking

    Some of the criteria for today's proposed redesignation are met by 
elements of the Ohio and West Virginia nonattainment plans. In 
particular, part of the evidence that the area is attaining the 
SO2 NAAQS is based on modeling included in the two states' 
nonattainment plans; the limits that assure the permanence and 
enforceability of the air quality improvement in the area were 
submitted as part of the nonattainment plans; and EPA's evaluations of 
whether the applicable Ohio implementation plan is fully approved and 
whether Ohio has met the applicable planning requirements are 
predicated on completion of the proposed rulemaking on Ohio's 
nonattainment plan.
    As noted above, EPA proposed to approve the Ohio and West Virginia 
nonattainment plans on June 24, 2019, at 84 FR 29456. Today's 
rulemaking does not reevaluate any portion of that rulemaking. Thus, 
for example, today's rulemaking does not solicit any additional 
comments on the modeling in the two states' nonattainment plans, on the 
adequacy of the limits in those plans for assuring attainment, or 
generally on whether those plans warrant being approved. Comments on 
these topics are germane to the nonattainment plan rulemaking and were 
solicited in that rulemaking. EPA received no such comments, and EPA is 
addressing these topics in the context of that rulemaking. EPA's 
proposed rulemaking on Ohio's redesignation request is based on a 
premise that EPA will issue final rulemaking approving

[[Page 49494]]

the Ohio and West Virginia plans, as proposed on June 24, 2019. EPA 
will finalize this proposed redesignation of the Ohio portion of the 
Steubenville nonattainment area only if and only after EPA has 
published final approval of the Ohio and West Virginia nonattainment 
plans.

III. Determination of Attainment

    The first requirement for redesignation is to demonstrate that the 
NAAQS has been attained in the area. As stated in EPA's April 2014 
``Guidance for 1-Hour SO2 Nonattainment Area SIP 
Submissions,'' for SO2, there are two components needed to 
support an attainment determination: A review of representative air 
quality monitoring data and a further analysis, generally requiring air 
quality modeling, to demonstrate that the entire area is attaining the 
applicable NAAQS, based on current actual emissions or the fully 
implemented control strategy. Ohio has addressed both components.
    Under EPA regulations at 40 CFR 50.17, the SO2 NAAQS is 
met at an ambient air quality monitoring site when the three-year 
average of the annual 99th percentile of one-hour daily maximum 
concentrations is less than or equal to 75 ppb, as determined in 
accordance with appendix T of 40 CFR part 50 at all relevant monitoring 
sites in the subject area. EPA has reviewed the ambient air monitoring 
data for the Steubenville nonattainment area. Monitoring data for the 
area includes three SO2 monitoring sites in Jefferson 
County, Ohio and three SO2 monitoring sites in Brooke 
County, West Virginia. The data from these monitors have been certified 
and recorded in EPA's Air Quality System database. Ohio and West 
Virginia have committed to continue monitoring for SO2 at 
these locations. EPA's review addresses air quality data collected 
through 2018, which includes the most recent three years of complete, 
quality-assured data.
    Table 1 shows the 99th percentile results and three-year average 
design values for the Steubenville nonattainment area monitors for 
2016-2018, which are the most recent three years of complete, quality-
assured data. The overall 2016-2018 design value for the Steubenville 
nonattainment area is 37 ppb, which is below the 2010 SO2 
NAAQS of 75 ppb. This design value, which was measured at the Weirton-
Marland Heights monitor 54-009-0011, in Brooke County, West Virginia, 
represents the highest monitored design value in the Steubenville 
nonattainment area. Therefore, Ohio has demonstrated that the 
Steubenville nonattainment area's SO2 monitors currently 
show attainment of the 2010 SO2 NAAQS. For every 3-year 
period since the 2013-2015 design value period, all six monitors have 
had design values below the 2010 SO2 NAAQS. Preliminary 
monitoring data for 2019 indicate that the area is continuing to attain 
the 2010 SO2 NAAQS.

                 Table 1--Monitoring Data for the Steubenville nonattainment Area for 2016-2018
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Year and 99th percentile value  (ppb)       Design value:
                                                 ------------------------------------------------ average  2016-
            Site ID                 Location                                                        2018  (ppb)
                                                       2016            2017            2018
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39-081-0017...................  Jefferson                     27              18              34              26
                                 County, OH.
39-081-0018...................  Jefferson                     31              34               9              25
                                 County, OH.
39-081-0020...................  Jefferson                     20              13               8              14
                                 County, OH.
54-009-0005...................  Brooke County,                33              28              48              36
                                 WV.
54-009-0007...................  Brooke County,                39              23              24              29
                                 WV.
54-009-0011...................  Brooke County,                49              27              35              37
                                 WV.
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    The states also submitted an analysis demonstrating that the area's 
control strategy will provide for attainment of the SO2 
NAAQS in the entire area. Ohio and West Virginia developed a joint 
attainment demonstration using a dispersion modeling analysis. Ohio 
provided this attainment demonstration in its March 25, 2019 submittal. 
The March 25, 2019 analysis showed that revised SO2 emission 
limits at four SO2 sources in the Steubenville nonattainment 
area will provide for attainment. Ohio has confirmed that the modeled 
facilities are currently in full compliance with their emission limits. 
Current actual emissions at these facilities are therefore at or below 
the levels Ohio used in its modeling analysis. The modeling analysis 
was discussed in detail in the June 24, 2019 (84 FR 29456) notice of 
proposed rulemaking for the Steubenville SO2 nonattainment 
SIPs. Since this modeling shows that compliance with the emission 
limits in the states' plans yields attainment in the entire 
nonattainment area, and since the sources are complying with these 
limits, this modeling supports EPA's proposed conclusion that the two-
state area is attaining the SO2 NAAQS. EPA's proposed 
conclusion is based on the premise that EPA will issue final rulemaking 
approving the Ohio and West Virginia plans, including the associated 
modeling analysis, as proposed on June 24, 2019.

IV. Approval of Ohio's SIP

    On June 24, 2019, EPA proposed to approve Ohio's nonattainment SIP 
for Jefferson County, including emission limits which were demonstrated 
to provide for attainment in Jefferson County. In that action, EPA also 
proposed to find that Ohio had satisfied requirements for providing for 
attainment of the SO2 NAAQS in the Steubenville 
nonattainment area. Ohio has adopted its SO2 SIP 
regulations, including those which cover Jefferson County, at Ohio 
Administrative Code 3745-18, and Ohio has shown that it maintains an 
active enforcement program to ensure ongoing compliance. Ohio's new 
source review/prevention of significant deterioration program will 
address emissions from new sources. Therefore, EPA proposes to conclude 
that this redesignation criterion has been met by Ohio. EPA's proposed 
conclusion is based on the premise that EPA will issue final rulemaking 
approving Ohio's plan and emission limits as proposed on June 24, 2019.

V. Permanent and Enforceable Emission Reductions

    For an area to be redesignated, the state must be able to 
reasonably attribute the improvement in air quality to emission 
reductions which are permanent and enforceable. The primary sources in 
the Steubenville nonattainment area are the Cardinal Power Plant 
(Cardinal), located in Brilliant, Ohio; the JSW Steel USA Ohio 
facility, formerly Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, formerly Mingo Junction 
Steel Works (JSW Steel), in Mingo Junction,

[[Page 49495]]

Ohio; the Mingo Junction Energy Center, also in Mingo Junction, Ohio; 
and Mountain State Carbon, in Follansbee, West Virginia.
    These facilities have all significantly reduced emissions since the 
time the area was monitoring violations, and these emission reductions 
have been made permanent and enforceable by the limits that Ohio and 
West Virginia adopted and submitted in their respective SIP submittals. 
Cardinal implemented flue gas desulfurization (FGD) between 2010 and 
2012, resulting in a reduction of SO2 emissions from 32,500 
tons in 2010 to 9,700 tons in 2018, a reduction that Ohio's limit 
requires to be maintained. The JSW Steel facility has been closed for 
several years. Ohio considered its previous allowable emissions in 
developing revised emission limits for the facility which would still 
provide for attainment in the Steubenville nonattainment area. In 2018, 
JSW Steel began to resume some operations, but Ohio's revised emission 
limits require that SO2 emissions from this facility must 
remain at levels which were set to provide for attainment and 
maintenance of the SO2 NAAQS. Mingo Junction Energy Center 
has also shut down, but Ohio considered that facility's previous 
allowable emissions in developing revised emission limits and fuel 
restrictions for the facility which would still provide for attainment. 
If the Mingo Junction Energy Center restarts, it must meet Ohio's 
revised emission limits which were set to provide for attainment and 
maintenance of the SO2 NAAQS. Mountain State Carbon has 
improved its coke oven gas desulfurization equipment to reduce its 
emissions, as mandated by West Virginia's emission limits and work 
practice requirements.
    At the time of Steubenville's nonattainment designation, the 
monitored design values (2009-2011) in the area were 109 ppb at the 
Jefferson County monitor 39-081-0017 and 174 ppb at the Brooke County, 
West Virginia monitor 54-009-0011. More recent monitoring data indicate 
that ambient SO2 levels have improved significantly. The 
highest monitored design value for the Steubenville nonattainment area 
for 2016-2018 is 37 ppb. This value was measured at monitor 54-009-0011 
in Brooke County, West Virginia. The highest monitored design value for 
2016-2018 in the Ohio portion of the Steubenville nonattainment area 
was 26 ppb, at the Jefferson County monitor 39-081-0017. These 
monitored values are well below the SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb. 
This air quality improvement is attributable to the substantial 
emission reductions noted above, which the Ohio and West Virginia 
nonattainment plans require to be permanent and enforceable. Thus, EPA 
proposes to find that the improvement in air quality in the 
Steubenville nonattainment area can be attributed to permanent and 
enforceable emission reductions at facilities in Ohio and West 
Virginia.

VI. Requirements for the Area Under Section 110 and Part D

    Ohio has submitted information demonstrating that it meets the 
requirements of the CAA for the Steubenville nonattainment area. EPA 
approved Ohio's June 7, 2013 infrastructure SIP for SO2 on 
August 14, 2015 (80 FR 48733). This infrastructure SIP approval 
confirms that Ohio's SIP meets the requirements of CAA section 
110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) to contain the basic program elements, such as 
an active enforcement program and permitting program.
    Section 191 of the CAA requires Ohio to submit a part D SIP for the 
its portion of the Steubenville nonattainment area by April 4, 2015. 
Ohio submitted its part D SIP on April 3, 2015, and supplemented it on 
October 13, 2015, March 13, 2017, March 25, 2019, and June 25, 2019. 
The SIP included a demonstration of attainment and revised 
SO2 emission limits. EPA proposed to approve the 
Steubenville nonattainment area SO2 nonattainment plans from 
Ohio and West Virginia on June 24, 2019 (84 FR 29456). In its proposed 
rulemaking, EPA proposed to find that Ohio satisfied the various 
requirements under CAA section 110 and part D for the Steubenville 
nonattainment area, such as the requirements for an attainment 
inventory of the SO2 emissions from sources in the 
nonattainment area (required under section 173(c)(3)), reasonably 
available control measures (required under section 173(c)(1)), and 
reasonable further progress (required under section 173(c)(2)).
    Section 176(c) of the CAA requires states to establish criteria and 
procedures to ensure that federally supported or funded projects 
conform to the air quality planning goals in the applicable SIP. The 
requirement to determine conformity applies to transportation plans, 
programs, and projects that are developed, funded, or approved under 
title 23 of the United States Code and the Federal Transit Act 
(transportation conformity) as well as to all other federally supported 
or funded projects (general conformity). State transportation 
conformity SIP revisions must be consistent with Federal conformity 
regulations relating to consultation, enforcement, and enforceability 
that EPA promulgated pursuant to its authority under the CAA. On August 
20, 2014, Ohio submitted documentation establishing transportation 
conformity procedures in its SIP. EPA approved these procedures on 
March 2, 2015 (80 FR 11133).
    Based on the above, EPA is proposing to find that Ohio has 
satisfied the applicable requirements for the redesignation of its 
portion of the Steubenville nonattainment area under section 110 and 
part D of title I of the CAA.

VII. Maintenance Plan

    CAA section 175A sets forth the elements of a maintenance plan for 
areas seeking redesignation from nonattainment to attainment. Under 
section 175A, the plan must demonstrate continued attainment of the 
applicable NAAQS for at least ten years after the nonattainment area is 
redesignated to attainment. Eight years after the redesignation, the 
state must submit a revised maintenance plan demonstrating that 
attainment will continue to be maintained for the ten years following 
the initial ten-year period. To address the possibility of future NAAQS 
violations, the maintenance plan must contain contingency measures as 
EPA deems necessary to assure prompt correction of any future one-hour 
violations. Specifically, the maintenance plan should address five 
requirements: The attainment emissions inventory, maintenance 
demonstration, monitoring, verification of continued attainment, and a 
contingency plan. Ohio's June 25, 2019 redesignation request contains 
its maintenance plan, which Ohio has committed to review eight years 
after redesignation.
    Ohio submitted an attainment emission inventory which addresses the 
Steubenville nonattainment area's 2011 base year emissions of 26,289 
tons per year (tpy) and projections of future emissions, for point, 
area, and mobile sources. While the attainment date for the 
Steubenville nonattainment area was October 4, 2018, Ohio selected 2014 
as the attainment year for its June 25, 2019 maintenance plan emission 
inventory, because 2014 was one of the years contributing to the 2014-
2016 and 2015-2017 design values which demonstrated the achievement of 
attainment of the SO2 NAAQS in the Steubenville 
nonattainment area. The 2014 attainment year also corresponds to the 
year when the improvement in air quality leading to attainment 
(subsequently made permanent and enforceable by the Ohio and West

[[Page 49496]]

Virginia plans) occurred due to Cardinal's installation of the FGD 
system for its only remaining uncontrolled unit (operating beginning in 
2012), the ceasing of operations at the Mingo Junction Energy Center 
(last operated in 2012), and the enforceable emission reduction 
measures at Mountain State Carbon (discussed in greater detail in West 
Virginia's SIP submittal). Total SO2 emissions in the 
Steubenville nonattainment area for the attainment year were 11,336 tpy 
(10,722 tpy from Ohio sources).
    Ohio projected SO2 emissions for an interim future year, 
2023, and for the maintenance year, 2030. Ohio projected that total 
SO2 emissions in the Steubenville nonattainment area in the 
maintenance year would drop to 10,382 tpy, with 9,858 tpy from Ohio 
sources.
    Ohio's maintenance demonstration consists of the nonattainment SIP 
air quality analysis which demonstrated that the emission reductions in 
effect in the Steubenville nonattainment area will provide for 
attainment of the SO2 NAAQS. The permanent and enforceable 
SO2 emission reductions described above ensure that 
Jefferson County emissions will be equal to or less than the emission 
levels which were evaluated in the air quality analysis, and Ohio's 
enforcement program will ensure that the Jefferson County 
SO2 emission limits are met continuously.
    For continuing verification, Ohio has committed to track the 
SO2 emissions and compliance status of the facilities in 
Jefferson County so that future emissions will not exceed the 
attainment inventory. All major sources in Ohio are required to submit 
annual emissions data, which the state uses to update its emission 
inventories as required by the CAA. Ohio has also committed to continue 
ambient SO2 monitoring in Jefferson County to verify 
attainment of the SO2 NAAQS.
    The requirement to submit contingency measures in accordance with 
section 172(c)(9) can be adequately addressed for SO2 by the 
operation of a comprehensive enforcement program which can quickly 
identify and address sources that might be causing exceedances of the 
NAAQS level. Ohio's enforcement program is active and capable of prompt 
action to remedy compliance issues or NAAQS exceedances. Ohio's June 
25, 2019 redesignation request submittal discusses the state's plan to 
respond to increasing SO2 concentrations or new exceedances 
of the SO2 NAAQS in the maintenance area. Ohio commits to 
study SO2 emission trends and identify areas of concern and 
potential additional measures, particularly if an annual average 99th 
percentile maximum daily one-hour SO2 concentration of 79 
ppb or greater occurs. In the case of a two-year average greater than 
75 ppb occurring in the maintenance area, Ohio will consider additional 
control measures which can be implemented quickly. Ohio has the 
authority to expeditiously adopt, implement and enforce any subsequent 
emissions control measures deemed necessary to correct any future 
SO2 violations. Ohio commits to adopt and implement such 
corrective actions as necessary to address trends of increasing 
emissions or ambient impacts. The public will have the opportunity to 
participate in the contingency measure implementation process.
    Based on the above, EPA proposes to find that Ohio has addressed 
the contingency measure requirement. Further, EPA proposes to find that 
Ohio's maintenance plan adequately addresses the five basic components 
necessary to maintain the SO2 NAAQS in the Steubenville 
nonattainment area.

VIII. What action is EPA taking?

    In accordance with Ohio's June 25, 2019 request, EPA is proposing 
to redesignate the Ohio portion of the Steubenville nonattainment area 
from nonattainment to attainment of the SO2 NAAQS. The Ohio 
portion of the nonattainment area includes Cross Creek Township, 
Steubenville Township, Warren Township, Wells Township, and 
Steubenville City in Jefferson County. Ohio has demonstrated that this 
area is attaining the SO2 NAAQS, and that the improvement in 
air quality is due to permanent and enforceable SO2 emission 
reductions in the nonattainment area. EPA is also proposing to approve 
Ohio's maintenance plan, which is designed to ensure that the 
Steubenville nonattainment area will continue to maintain the 
SO2 NAAQS.
    As noted previously, EPA is conducting separate rulemaking on 
whether the Ohio and West Virginia nonattainment plans provide for 
attainment and meet other applicable planning requirements. That 
rulemaking addresses, for example, the merits of modeling indicating 
that compliance with emission limits in the plans yields attainment of 
the SO2 NAAQS throughout the area. The public comment period 
for that rulemaking has closed, and EPA is evaluating the comments it 
received. Thus, EPA plans to determine the adequacy of the 
nonattainment plan in the context of the nonattainment plan rulemaking 
and not in the context of today's rulemaking. Today's rulemaking does 
not prejudge the outcome of that separate rulemaking. Nevertheless, 
today's rulemaking is premised on completion of the nonattainment plan 
rulemaking, approving the states' plans.
    EPA will publish final action on today's proposed redesignation 
only if, and only after, it publishes final approval of the 
nonattainment plans, and EPA will reevaluate action on Ohio's 
redesignation request if EPA concludes either that the Ohio and West 
Virginia plans cannot be approved or that reevaluation of these plans 
is necessary.

IX. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Under the CAA, redesignation of an area to attainment and the 
accompanying approval of a maintenance plan under section 107(d)(3)(E) 
are actions that affect the status of a geographical area and do not 
impose any additional regulatory requirements on sources beyond those 
imposed by state law. A redesignation to attainment does not in and of 
itself create any new requirements, but rather results in the 
applicability of requirements contained in the CAA for areas that have 
been redesignated to attainment. Moreover, the Administrator is 
required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions 
of the CAA and applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 
CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to 
approve state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. 
Accordingly, this action merely approves state law as meeting Federal 
requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those 
imposed by state law. For that reason, this action:
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review 
by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 
FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011);
     Is not an Executive Order 13771 (82 FR 9339, February 2, 
2017) regulatory action because SIP approvals are exempted under 
Executive Order 12866;
     Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);

[[Page 49497]]

     Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
     Does not have Federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     Is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
     Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the CAA; and
     Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to 
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental 
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under 
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian 
reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has 
demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian 
country, the rule does not have tribal implications and will not impose 
substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as 
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), 
because redesignation is an action that affects the status of a 
geographical area and does not impose any new regulatory requirements 
on tribes, impact any existing sources of air pollution on tribal 
lands, nor impair the maintenance of ozone national ambient air quality 
standards in tribal lands.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Sulfur oxides.

40 CFR Part 81

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, National parks, 
Wilderness areas.

    Dated: September 5, 2019.
Cheryl L. Newton,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 5.
[FR Doc. 2019-20196 Filed 9-19-19; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P