[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 111 (Monday, June 10, 2019)]
[Notices]
[Pages 26847-26849]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-12114]


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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY


Environmental Assessment for the Commercial Disposal of Defense 
Waste Processing Facility Recycle Wastewater From the Savannah River 
Site

AGENCY: Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announces its intent to 
prepare an environmental assessment (EA) pursuant to the National 
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) to dispose of up to 10,000 
gallons of stabilized (grouted) Defense Waste Processing Facility 
(DWPF) recycle wastewater from the Savannah River Site (SRS) at a 
commercial low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal facility located 
outside of South Carolina licensed by either the Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission (NRC) or an Agreement State. This effort will analyze 
capabilities for alternative treatment and disposal options through the 
use of existing, permitted, off-site commercial treatment and disposal 
facilities.

ADDRESSES: This Federal Register Notice (Notice) is available on 
https://www.energy.gov/em/high-level-radioactive-waste-hlw-interpretation. The Draft EA will also be made available at this 
website.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James Joyce, U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Environmental Management, Office of Waste and 
Materials Management (EM-4.2), 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, 
DC 20585. Telephone: (301) 903-2151. Email: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The DWPF recycle wastewater would be 
treated, characterized, and if the performance objectives and waste 
acceptance criteria of a specific disposal facility are met, DOE could 
consider whether to dispose of the waste as LLW under the Department's 
high-level radioactive waste (HLW) interpretation published elsewhere 
in this issue of the Federal Register. As DOE explained in the 
Supplemental Notice, the HLW interpretation does not change or revise 
any current policies or other legal requirements with respect to HLW. 
As a result of this NEPA process, DOE may consider what actions, if 
any, are needed and appropriate to implement any decision to dispose of 
the DWPF recycle wastewater as LLW.

[[Page 26848]]

Background

    SRS occupies approximately 300 square miles primarily in Aiken and 
Barnwell Counties, South Carolina. Until the early 1990s, the primary 
SRS mission was the production of special radioactive isotopes to 
support national defense programs. More recently, the SRS mission has 
emphasized waste management, environmental restoration, and the 
decontamination and decommissioning of facilities that are no longer 
needed for SRS's traditional defense activities.
    SRS generated large quantities of liquid radioactive waste as a 
result of its nuclear materials production mission. This waste resulted 
from dissolving spent nuclear fuel and nuclear targets to recover 
valuable isotopes. \1\ The waste was placed into underground storage 
tanks at SRS and consists primarily of three physical forms: sludge, 
salt, and liquid supernatant.
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    \1\ DOE issued a Supplemental Notice Concerning U.S. Department 
of Energy Interpretation of High-Level Radioactive Waste published 
elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, in which DOE 
provided its interpretation of the term high-level waste as defined 
in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (AEA, 42 U.S.C. 2011 et 
seq.) and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended (NWPA, 42 
U.S.C. 10101 et seq.). DOE interprets the statutes to provide that a 
reprocessing waste may be determined to be non-HLW if the waste 
meets either of the following two criteria: (I) does not exceed 
concentration limits for Class C low-level radioactive waste as set 
out in 10 CFR 61.55, and meets the performance objectives of a 
disposal facility; or (II) does not require disposal in a deep 
geologic repository and meets the performance objectives of a 
disposal facility as demonstrated through a performance assessment 
conducted in accordance with applicable requirements.
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    The sludge portion in the underground tanks is being transferred 
on-site to the DWPF for vitrification in borosilicate glass to 
immobilize the radioactive constituents, as described in the Defense 
Waste Processing Facility Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement 
(DOE/EIS-0082-S, November 25, 1994) and subsequent Record of Decision 
(60 FR 18589). The resulting vitrified waste form is poured as molten 
glass into production canisters where it cools into a solid waste-
glass, and is securely stored at SRS until DOE establishes a final 
disposition path. Recycle wastewater is generated as part of DWPF 
operations. The wastewater is a combination of several dilute liquid 
waste streams consisting primarily of condensates from the pretreatment 
and vitrification processes. Other components of the recycle wastewater 
include process samples, sample line flushes, sump flushes, and 
cleaning solutions from the decontamination and filter dissolution 
processes. Currently, the recycle wastewater is returned to the tank 
farm for volume reduction by evaporation or is beneficially reused in 
salt dissolution and pretreatment, or sludge washing. As described in 
SRS Liquid Waste System Plan, Revision 21, beginning in FY 2024, SRS 
assumes that the practice of returning the recycle wastewater to the 
tank farm will be discontinued in order to support acceleration of tank 
closures. In lieu of the current evaporation process performed in the 
tank farm, the DWPF recycle wastewater is currently planned to undergo 
an alternative pre-treatment process prior to transfer to the SRS 
Effluent Treatment Project and the Saltstone Production Facility.

Purpose and Need for Action

    DOE's purpose and need for this action is analyze capabilities for 
alternative treatment and disposal options for DWPF recycle wastewater 
through the use of existing, permitted, off-site commercial treatment 
and disposal facilities. At the time DOE prepared the 1994 and 2006 
supplemental environmental impact statements for DWPF (DOE/EIS-0082-S) 
and Savannah River Site Salt Processing Alternatives (DOE/EIS-0082-S2), 
respectively, it did not analyze the potential environmental impacts 
associated with potential commercial treatment and disposal options for 
DWPF recycle wastewater. DOE now proposes to use commercial LLW 
disposal facilities for up to 10,000 gallons of DWPF recycle wastewater 
to provide treatment and disposal options for completion of the tank 
closure program. Any proposal to dispose of more than 10,000 gallons, 
would be evaluated in separate NEPA documentation. Treatment or 
disposal of this waste at a commercial LLW facility could help 
facilitate and accelerate completion of the environmental cleanup 
mission at SRS and would provide an alternative disposal option in the 
event on-site treatment and disposal capabilities become unavailable.

Proposed Action and Alternatives

    Under the proposed action, DOE would dispose of up to 10,000 
gallons of stabilized (grouted) DWPF recycle wastewater at SRS at a 
commercial LLW facility outside of South Carolina licensed by either 
the NRC or an Agreement State under 10 CFR part 61. The EA will analyze 
the potential environmental impacts of up to 10,000 gallons proposed 
for commercial disposal. Prior to a disposal decision, DOE would 
characterize the DWPF recycle wastewater to verify with the licensee of 
the commercial LLW disposal facility whether the waste meets DOE's HLW 
interpretation for disposal as non-HLW (the interpretation is published 
elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register). DOE would also 
demonstrate compliance with waste acceptance criteria and all other 
requirements of the disposal facility, including any applicable 
regulatory requirements (e.g., Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) 
for treatment of the waste prior to disposal and applicable Department 
of Transportation (DOT) requirements for packaging and transportation 
from SRS to the commercial facility. DOE has identified three action 
alternatives for the proposed action:
     Alternative 1: Deploy treatment capability at SRS to 
stabilize up to 10,000 gallons of DWPF recycle wastewater. Depending 
upon whether the final packaged waste form is classified as Class A, B, 
or C LLW, \2\ it would then be shipped for disposal to either the Waste 
Control Specialists Federal Waste Facility in Andrews County, Texas (if 
determined to be Class A, B or C LLW) \3\ and/or the EnergySolutions 
LLW disposal facility near Clive Utah (if determined to be Class A 
LLW), \4\ depending upon waste content and facility waste acceptance 
criteria.
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    \2\ In its 10 CFR part 61 regulations, NRC has identified 
classes of LLW--Class A, B, or C--for which near-surface disposal is 
safe for public health and the environment. This waste 
classification regime is based on the concentration levels of a 
combination of specified short-lived and long-lived radionuclides in 
a waste stream, with Class C LLW having the highest concentration 
levels.
    \3\ WCS is licensed by the Texas Commission on Environmental 
Quality for the disposal of Class A, B, and C LLW that meets 
specified waste acceptance criteria.
    \4\ EnergySolutions is licensed by the Utah Department of 
Environmental Quality for the disposal of Class A LLW that meets 
specified waste acceptance criteria.
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     Alternative 2: Transfer up to 10,000 gallons of DWPF 
recycle wastewater at SRS into a DOT-approved package and ship the 
waste to either the WCS facility and/or the EnergySolutions facility 
for treatment into a solid waste form and disposal as LLW, depending 
upon waste content and facility waste acceptance criteria.
     Alternative 3: Transfer up to 10,000 gallons of DWPF 
recycle wastewater into a DOT approved package and ship the waste for 
treatment to a commercial treatment facility with appropriate permits 
and licenses. Following treatment, ship the solidified DWPF recycle 
waste for disposal at either the WCS facility or the EnergySolutions 
facility, depending upon waste content and facility waste acceptance 
criteria.

[[Page 26849]]

    The EA will also analyze a no action alternative under which the 
DWPF recycle wastewater would remain in the SRS liquid waste system 
until disposition occurs. As currently planned, beginning in FY 2024, 
the DWPF recycle wastewater would undergo a pre-treatment process prior 
to transfer to the SRS Effluent Treatment Project and the Saltstone 
Production Facility. The potential environmental impacts of the no 
action alternative are anticipated to be similar to those analyzed by 
the supplemental environmental impact statements for DWPF (DOE/EIS-
0082-S) and Savannah River Site Salt Processing Alternatives (DOE/EIS-
0082-S2), relative to the quantities of waste involved. DOE's purpose 
and need for this proposal is to expand its disposal options, and hence 
no NEPA analyses on treatment and disposal at Federal disposal 
facilities will be conducted.

Potential Areas of Environmental Analysis

    DOE has tentatively identified the following areas for detailed 
analysis in the EA. The list is not intended to be comprehensive or to 
predetermine the potential impacts to be analyzed.
     Impacts to the general population and workers from 
radiological and non-radiological releases, and other public and worker 
health and safety impacts.
     Impacts of emissions on air and water quality, including 
impacts of greenhouse gas emissions.
     Impacts on ecological systems and threatened and 
endangered species.
     Impacts on waste management activities.
     Impacts of transportation of radioactive materials to 
commercial treatment and disposal facilities.
     Impacts that could occur as a result of postulated 
accidents and intentional destructive acts (terrorist actions and 
sabotage).
     Potential disproportionately high and adverse effects on 
low-income and minority populations (environmental justice).
     Short-term and long-term land use impacts, including 
potential impacts of disposal.
     Cumulative impacts.

NEPA Process and Public Participation

    DOE will issue a Federal Register Notice later this year on the 
availability of the Draft Commercial Disposal of Recycle Wastewater EA 
and will include instructions on how to submit public comments on the 
Draft EA. DOE adheres to all NEPA regulations including those related 
to public participation and stakeholder interactions. In general, the 
NEPA process requires meaningful opportunities for public 
participation. Key opportunities for public participation in the NEPA 
process include submitting comments on publicly available draft NEPA 
documents such as the Draft Commercial Disposal of Recycle Wastewater 
EA announced in this Federal Register Notice. Based on the EA analysis, 
DOE will either issue a Finding of No Significant Impact or announce 
its intention to prepare an environmental impact statement.

    Signed at Washington, DC, on May 30, 2019.
Anne Marie White,
Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management.
[FR Doc. 2019-12114 Filed 6-7-19; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6450-01-P