[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 92 (Monday, May 13, 2019)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 20777-20790]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-09622]


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FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION

16 CFR Part 460

RIN 3084-AB40


Labeling and Advertising of Home Insulation: Trade Regulation 
Rule

AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Federal Trade Commission (``Commission'') amends its Trade 
Regulation Rule Concerning the Labeling and Advertising of Home 
Insulation (``R-value Rule'' or ``Rule'') to clarify, streamline, and 
improve existing requirements. Specifically, the amendments clarify the 
Rule's coverage, improve Fact Sheet disclosures, require certain test 
methods to substantiate R-value claims for non-insulation products, 
update the test procedures

[[Page 20778]]

incorporated into the Rule, and exempt certain disclosures for limited 
format advertising.

DATES: The amendments will become effective on May 13, 2020. The 
incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the rule 
is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of May 13, 2020.

ADDRESSES: Copies of this document are available on the Commission's 
website, www.ftc.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Hampton Newsome, Attorney (202-326-
2889), Division of Enforcement, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal 
Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20580.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    The Commission promulgated the R-value Rule in 1979 to address the 
failure of the home insulation marketplace to provide essential pre-
purchase information to consumers, primarily an insulation product's 
``R-value.'' \1\ An insulation product's ``R-value'' represents the 
product's ability to restrict heat flow and, therefore, reduce energy 
costs. The higher the R-value, the better the product's insulating 
ability. R-value ratings vary among types and forms of home insulations 
and even among products of the same type and form.
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    \1\ The Commission promulgated the R-value Rule pursuant to 
Section 18 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (``FTC Act''), 15 
U.S.C. 57a. The Rule became effective on September 30, 1980. See 44 
FR 50218 (Aug. 27, 1979).
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    For insulation marketed for use in residential structures, the Rule 
requires R-value disclosures, directs manufacturers to substantiate the 
claims made in these disclosures, and prohibits certain claims unless 
they are true and non-misleading. Specifically, the Rule requires 
insulation sellers to disclose the insulation product's R-value and 
related information based on uniform, industry-adopted test 
procedures.\2\ This information enables consumers to evaluate the 
performance and cost-effectiveness of competing products.
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    \2\ Additional Commission rules or guides may also apply to home 
insulation sellers. See, e.g., 16 CFR parts 701 and 702 (warranty-
related rules), and 16 CFR part 260 (Guides for the Use of 
Environmental Marketing Claims). Further, Section 5 declares that 
unfair or deceptive acts or practices are unlawful, and requires 
that advertisers and other sellers have a reasonable basis for 
advertising and other promotional claims before they are 
disseminated. See FTC Policy Statement on Deception, 103 F.T.C. 174, 
175 (1984) (appended to Cliffdale Assocs., Inc., 103 F.T.C. 110 
(1984)) (``Deception Statement''); FTC Policy Statement on 
Unfairness, appended to International Harvester Co., 104 F.T.C. 949 
(1984); and FTC Policy Statement Regarding Advertising 
Substantiation, 104 F.T.C. 839 (1984) (appended to Thompson Med. 
Co., 104 F.T.C. 648 (1984)) (``Substantiation Statement'').
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A. Products Covered

    The R-value Rule covers all ``home insulation products.'' Under the 
Rule, the term ``insulation'' includes any product ``mainly used to 
slow down heat flow'' from, for example, a heated interior through 
exterior walls to the outside.\3\ The Rule covers most types of 
insulation marketed for use in residential structures.\4\ It does not 
cover insulation marketed solely for use in commercial (including 
industrial) buildings.
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    \3\ See 16 CFR 460.2.
    \4\ The Rule does not cover pipe insulation or any type of duct 
insulation except for duct wrap. See 44 FR at 50238, n. 170 (the 
Commission explained that pipe insulation is used primarily to 
reduce condensation). In addition, while most of the Rule's 
provisions do not apply to non-insulation products with insulating 
characteristics, such as storm windows or storm doors, the 
amendments announced in this Notice add substantiation requirements 
for R-value claims made for such products.
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    Home insulation falls into two basic categories: ``mass'' and 
``reflective.'' Mass insulations reduce heat transfer by conduction 
(through the insulation's mass), convection (air movement within, and 
through, the air spaces inside the insulation), and radiation. 
Reflective insulations (primarily aluminum foils) reduce heat transfer 
by radiation, when the insulation is installed facing an airspace. 
Within these basic categories, home insulation is made from various 
materials (e.g., fiberglass, cellulose, polyurethane, aluminum foil) 
and comes in various forms (e.g., batt, dry-applied loose-fill, spray-
applied, board stock, multi-sheet reflective).

B. Covered Parties

    The Rule applies to home insulation manufacturers, professional 
installers, retailers who sell insulation for do-it-yourself 
installation, and new home sellers, including sellers of manufactured 
housing (``covered entities''). It also applies to laboratories that 
conduct R-value tests for those who base their R-value claims on these 
test results.

C. The Rule's Basis

    The Commission first issued the R-value Rule in response to a 
variety of unfair or deceptive acts or practices in the insulation 
industry. Specifically, the Commission found that many sellers: (1) 
Failed to disclose R-values, impeding informed purchasing decisions and 
misleading consumers who based their purchases on price or thickness 
alone; (2) exaggerated R-value disclosures and often failed to account 
for material factors (e.g., aging, settling) that reduce thermal 
performance; (3) failed to inform consumers about an R-value's meaning 
and importance; (4) exaggerated fuel bill savings and failed to 
disclose that savings vary depending on consumers' particular 
circumstances; or (5) falsely claimed that consumers' insulation 
purchases would qualify for tax credits, or that products had been 
``certified'' or ``favored'' by federal agencies.\5\
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    \5\ 44 FR at 50222-24.
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D. The Rule's Requirements

    The Rule requires covered entities to disclose R-value and related 
information (e.g., thickness, coverage area per package) on package 
labels and manufacturers' fact sheets. Covered entities must derive 
these disclosures from tests conducted according to one of four 
specified ASTM International (``ASTM'') test procedures that measure 
thermal performance under ``steady-state'' (i.e., static) 
conditions.\6\ Industry members must conduct tests for mass insulation 
products on the insulation material alone (excluding any airspace) at a 
mean temperature of 75 [deg]F. The Rule's R-value tests account for 
factors that can affect insulation's thermal performance. For example, 
tests for polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, and extruded polystyrene 
insulation account for aging, and tests for loose-fill insulation 
products reflect the effect of settling.\7\
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    \6\ The Rule (Sec.  450.5) incorporates by reference ASTM test 
procedures, which ASTM reviews and revises periodically. For mass 
insulations, the required tests are ASTM C177, C518, C1363, or 
C1114. The Rule requires testing for reflective insulation products 
according to ASTM C1363, which generates R-values for insulation 
systems (such as those that include one or more air spaces). 
Industry members must test the R-value of a single-sheet reflective 
insulation product under ASTM E408 or C1371.
    \7\ 44 FR at 50219-20, 50227-28.
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    The Rule also requires specific disclosures on manufacturer product 
labels and fact sheets, installer receipts, and new home seller 
contracts. For example, insulation labels must display the product's R-
value and the statement ``R means resistance to heat flow. The higher 
the R-value, the greater the insulating power.'' \8\ The Rule also 
requires that certain affirmative disclosures appear in advertising and 
other promotional materials (including those on the internet) 
containing an R-value, price, thickness, or energy-saving claim, or 
comparing one type of insulation to another. For example, if an 
advertisement contains an R-value, it must disclose the type of 
insulation

[[Page 20779]]

being sold and the thickness needed to obtain that R-value, as well as 
the statement: ``The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating 
power. Ask your seller for the fact sheet on R-values.'' In addition, 
if an advertisement contains an energy saving claim, it must disclose: 
``Savings vary. Find out why in the seller's fact sheet on R-values. 
Higher R-values mean greater insulating power.''
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    \8\ 16 CFR 460.12(c).
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    The Rule also requires manufacturers and other sellers to have a 
``reasonable basis'' for any energy-saving claims they make on labels 
or in advertising.\9\ Although the Rule does not specify how they must 
substantiate such claims, the Commission explained when issuing the 
Rule that scientifically reliable measurements of fuel use in actual 
houses, or reliable computer models or methods of heat flow 
calculations, would meet the reasonable basis standard.\10\ Sellers 
other than manufacturers can rely on the manufacturer's claims unless 
they know, or should know, that the manufacturer lacks a reasonable 
basis for its claims.
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    \9\ See 16 CFR 460.19.
    \10\ 44 FR at 50233-34.
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II. Regulatory Review

    The Commission reviews its rules and guides periodically to 
ascertain their costs and benefits, regulatory and economic impact, and 
general effectiveness in protecting consumers and helping industry 
avoid deceptive claims. These reviews assist the Commission in 
identifying rules and guides warranting modification or rescission. As 
part of its last review in 2005, the Commission issued several 
amendments to update and improve the Rule. For example, the Commission 
added a temperature differential requirement for testing, updated tests 
for reflective insulation, and required new initial installed thickness 
disclosures for loose-fill insulation.\11\
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    \11\ 70 FR 31258 (May 31, 2005).
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    In 2016, the Commission initiated a new regulatory review through 
the publication of an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR).\12\ 
In the ANPR, the Commission sought comments on, among other things, the 
economic impact of, and the continuing need for, the Rule; the Rule's 
benefits to consumers; and the burdens it places on industry, including 
small businesses, subject to its requirements.
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    \12\ 81 FR 35661 (June 3, 2016).
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    Following the ANPR, the Commission published a Notice of Proposed 
Rulemaking (NPRM) on January 22, 2018 (83 FR 2934). In the NPRM, the 
Commission proposed to: (1) Clarify that the Rule covers products 
marketed for residential applications, even if those products are 
originally developed for the commercial market; (2) require marketers 
to use the Rule's testing requirements to substantiate any R-value 
claims for non-insulation products marketed in whole or in part to 
reduce residential energy use by slowing heat flow; (3) add information 
about air sealing and installation to fact sheets; (4) clarify that 
online retailers must provide labels and fact sheets; (5) eliminate 
reference to an obsolete aging specification; (6) revise provisions 
addressing the incorporation by reference of ASTM test procedures; (7) 
eliminate a provision that automatically updates ASTM test procedures; 
and (8) exempt space-constrained advertising from certain affirmative 
disclosures.\13\ In response to the NPRM, the Commission received 13 
comments.\14\ After considering the comments, the Commission now issues 
final amendments to the Rule, which, as discussed below, largely track 
the amendments proposed in the NPRM.
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    \13\ The amendments also make a non-substantive change to Sec.  
460.2 (i.e., changing the term ``slow down'' to ``slow'').
    \14\ The comments are located at: https://www.ftc.gov/policy/public-comments/2018/03/initiative-740. Polyisocyanurate Insulation 
Manufacturers Association (PIMA) (#00009); AFM Corporation (#00010); 
North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA) 
(#00011); Insulation Contractors Association of America (ICAA) 
(#00012); Reflective Insulation Manufacturers Association (RIMA) 
(#00013); American Chemistry Council (ACC) (#00014); Brick Industry 
Association (#00015); EPS Industry Alliance (EPS-IA) (#00016); 
Harrison (#00008); Anonymous (#00007); Aresty (#00006); Ji (#00003); 
and Extruded Polystyrene Foam Association (XPSA) (#00002).
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III. Issues Raised by Commenters

A. Need for and Costs and Benefits of the Rule

    In the NPRM, the Commission determined to retain the Rule, given 
its benefits and minimal costs as reported by commenters. Summarizing 
comments received in response to the ANPR, the Commission explained 
that the Rule helps consumers and industry members by combating 
deceptive and unfair practices, creating a level playing field that 
promotes competition, fostering a marketplace in which industry can 
more easily self-regulate, furnishing guidelines to industry for 
product testing and evaluation, and promoting consumer confidence. The 
commenters also indicated the Rule does not impose significant, 
unwarranted costs on industry members or consumers.
    In response to the NPRM, several commenters supported the 
Commission's decision to retain the Rule and reiterated many of their 
earlier points.\15\ No commenters objected to the Rule's retention. 
Accordingly, the Commission retains the Rule.
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    \15\ See PIMA, NAIMA, Anonymous, and Ji.
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B. Commercial Insulation Products Sold in the Residential Market

    Background: The Rule does not cover insulation sold for use in 
commercial (including industrial) buildings.\16\ However, comments 
submitted in response to the ANPR stated that some products developed 
and marketed primarily for commercial or industrial structures are also 
marketed for residential applications. In the NPRM, the Commission 
proposed amending the Rule to clarify that such products fall within 
the Rule's existing coverage of ``home insulation.''
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    \16\ See, e.g., 45 FR 68920 (Oct. 17, 1980) (staff guidance).
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    Comments: Several commenters supported the proposed amendment; none 
objected.\17\ NAIMA explained that the clarification effectively 
addresses disclosures for products developed initially or primarily for 
commercial or industrial applications but also marketed in the 
residential sector. The amendment, according to NAIMA, apprises 
industry members that commercial and industrial products marketed to 
homeowners must comply with the Rule.
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    \17\ See ACC, AFM, ICAA, NAIMA, PIMA, and XPSA.
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    Discussion: As discussed in the NPRM and the comments, some 
industry members operating in the residential market appear to be 
unaware that they must follow the R-value Rule for products marketed 
for residential applications even if originally developed and intended 
for the commercial or industrial market. Accordingly, the final 
amendments clarify that the Rule covers such products.

C. R-Value Claims for Non-Insulation Products

    Background: Since its original promulgation, the Rule has applied 
only to products marketed primarily as insulation and thus has excluded 
non-insulation products with insulating characteristics, such as 
siding, coatings, caulking, weather stripping, garage doors, or 
draperies. In the NPRM, the Commission proposed expanding the Rule's 
current testing requirements to R-value claims made for any non-
insulation product marketed to reduce energy use by slowing heat flow 
in residential buildings.

[[Page 20780]]

    Comments: Commenters supported (and none opposed) the Commission's 
proposal.\18\ XPSA, for example, agreed that marketers must support 
claims for insulating performance qualities for these types of 
products. NAIMA observed a prevalence of questionable R-value claims 
for non-insulation products and argued the amendment would provide 
clear notice that marketers must substantiate R-value claims for such 
products. Specifically, NAIMA cited numerous questionable R-value 
(e.g., R-24) and insulation-related claims made for paints and ceramic 
coatings. None of the commenters stated that the Rule's testing 
requirements in Sec.  460.5 would be inappropriate for substantiating 
such claims or would otherwise fail to cover R-value claims for these 
various products. Finally, the Brick Industry Association (BIA) 
explained that its technical documents contain R-value claims for brick 
wall assemblies derived from a modified version of ASTM C1363. 
Asserting that its modified approach is consistent with the intent 
behind ASTM C1363, BIA urged the Commission to approve its R-value 
disclosures.
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    \18\ NAIMA, XPSA, Brick Industry Association, ICAA, and ACC.
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    In addition to discussing the proposed amendment, several 
commenters raised concerns about energy savings claims.\19\ NAIMA, for 
instance, asked the Commission to affirm marketers must substantiate 
any type of energy savings claim. NAIMA, along with ACC, also 
recommended the Commission reference the Policy Statement Regarding 
Advertising Substantiation \20\ and remind manufacturers about the need 
for competent and reliable scientific evidence to back their claims. 
Such Commission affirmation, in NAIMA's view, would allow members to 
``more authoritatively'' challenge deceptive competitor claims.
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    \19\ XPSA, ACC, and NAIMA.
    \20\ See Substantiation Statement.
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    Discussion: Consistent with the proposal, the Commission's final 
amendments direct sellers to use the Rule's existing testing 
requirements to substantiate R-value claims for non-insulation 
products, with the exception of fenestration and fenestration 
attachments.\21\ The Commission has observed a prevalence of grossly 
exaggerated R-value claims for non-insulation products, such as 
coatings, paint, and housewrap sold primarily for reasons other than 
their ability to impede heat flow. Because the Rule has not covered 
these products, the Commission has challenged such practices as false 
and unsubstantiated under Section 5 of the FTC Act.\22\ Commenters 
confirmed that these questionable R-value claims for non-insulation 
products are common.\23\
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    \21\ As noted in the NPRM, the amendments exclude fenestration 
and fenestration attachments because these products are covered 
under the rating and certification activities of entities such as 
the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) and DOE. See Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (Section 121 of Pub. L. 102-486).
    \22\ United States v. Edward Sumpolec, No. 6:09-cv-378-ORL-36KRS 
(M.D. Fla. Jan. 9, 2013); In the Matter of Kryton Coatings 
International, Inc. and Procraft, Inc., FTC Matter/File Number: 012 
3060. Docket Number: C-4052 (June 18, 2002); and Federal Trade 
Commission v. Innovative Designs, Inc., 2:16-cv-01669-NBF (W.D. Pa. 
Nov. 4, 2016).
    \23\ NAIMA; Robert Aresty.
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    To address this problem, the new provision will furnish an 
effective means to reduce deceptive claims by providing clear guidance 
for marketers seeking to make truthful, substantiated claims, while 
establishing a more direct means to combat unsubstantiated R-value 
claims. The amended rule requires marketers to base any voluntary R-
value claim made in advertising for a non-insulation product on the 
appropriate tests referenced in Sec.  460.5 of the Rule (i.e., the 
standard ASTM tests incorporated into the Rule and currently applicable 
to R-value disclosures for insulation). Accordingly, marketers acting 
in good faith will have clear notice of the test procedures they should 
use to substantiate their R-value claims. In addition, the amendment 
will give the FTC a more efficient and direct means to challenge R-
value claims that are not adequately substantiated. The amendment does 
not impose any disclosure, labeling, or additional requirements for 
non-insulation products beyond the testing requirements.\24\
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    \24\ Specifically, as indicated in the amendment to the Rule's 
Appendix, the requirements of Sec. Sec.  460.6 through 460.21 do not 
apply to R-value claims for such products. Although the Rule's 
recordkeeping requirements (Sec.  460.9) do not apply to the 
amendment, marketers still must possess substantiation (e.g., test 
reports) for their claims, just as they must for any claim pursuant 
to the FTC Act.
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    It is likely most marketers who choose to make R-value claims for 
various non-insulation products already rely on the appropriate ASTM 
testing standards. Accordingly, this amendment should pose little or no 
additional burden. At the same time, it will clarify that marketers 
must substantiate R-value claims and will provide a check on 
unscrupulous sellers who seek an unfair advantage by exaggerating 
product R-values based on faulty tests.
    The final amendment does not contain a provision approving specific 
technical disclosures related to R-value claims made for brick wall 
assemblies. Without additional details about how such R-values are 
derived, the Commission cannot address the particular testing BIA 
described. Should marketers need guidance about testing for this or 
other products covered by the new provision, they can contact FTC 
staff.
    In response to commenter concerns about energy savings claims, the 
Commission reaffirms that sellers must substantiate their energy 
savings claims with competent and reliable scientific evidence. Section 
460.19 of the Rule requires manufacturers to have a reasonable basis 
for savings claims and specifies recordkeeping requirements for data 
that support such claims. In addition, the Commission has provided 
general guidance for making truthful and not misleading advertising 
claims through a variety of means, including the Deception Policy 
Statement and the Policy Statement Regarding Advertising 
Substantiation.\25\ Marketers may also refer to past Commission cases 
involving deceptive energy savings claims for further guidance on these 
issues.\26\
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    \25\ See Deception Statement; and Substantiation Statement.
    \26\ See, e.g., In re Gorell Enterprises Inc., FTC File No. 112-
3053 (May 16, 2012); In re Long Fence & Home LLLP, FTC File No. 112-
3005 (Apr. 5, 2012); In re Serious Energy Inc., FTC File No. 112-
3001 (May 16, 2012); In re THV Holdings LLC, FTC File No. 112-3057 
(May 16, 2012); and In re Winchester Industries, FTC File No. 102-
3171 (May 16, 2012).
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D. Additional Fact Sheet Disclosures

    Background: In the NPRM, the Commission proposed changing the 
Rule's fact sheet disclosures to better alert consumers to factors that 
may affect their heating and cooling costs. The current fact sheets 
generally advise consumers that their fuel savings depend on a variety 
of considerations, including their geographic location, type of house, 
fuel use, and family size. Comments on the ANPR, however, suggested the 
fact sheets should also mention that proper insulation installation and 
home air sealing can affect fuel costs. Accordingly, the Commission 
proposed amending the fact sheets to specifically address these two 
factors and sought comments on how much time manufacturers would 
require to make such changes. The Commission also asked whether the 
Rule should require specific disclosures for R-19 batt insulation, as 
suggested by some commenters, when installed in typical wall cavities, 
where compression can reduce R-value.
    Comments: Commenters supported including information about 
installation and home air sealing on fact sheets.\27\

[[Page 20781]]

ACC, for instance, indicated the two additional disclosures will help 
improve consumer understanding of building envelope performance. NAIMA 
added that the new information will assist consumers in choosing 
insulation.
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    \27\ NAIMA, ICAA, and ACC.
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    Although commenters did not identify any significant regulatory 
burden associated with the changes, a few requested sufficient 
compliance time. ACC estimated its members could implement the proposed 
changes within 180 days. However, given that older fact sheets are 
likely to remain in circulation beyond that date, it asked the 
Commission to consider a ``reasonable approach'' to enforcement within 
the first year. NAIMA, on the other hand, recommended a two-year 
effective date to allow manufacturers to exhaust existing stock and 
revise fact sheets for a wide variety of products.
    Although ACC did not oppose the proposed fact sheet change, it 
suggested additional mandatory disclosures related to air sealing. 
Specifically, it recommended that fact sheets include a link to 
Department of Energy (``DOE'') information about air sealing for homes 
and buildings. It also requested additional language in Sec.  460.17 
requiring installers to tell customers insulation has been installed in 
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Furthermore, ACC 
recommended additional disclosures consistent with its assertion in 
comments to the ANPR that an insulation's air infiltration properties 
impact overall home efficiency. NAIMA, however, expressed its continued 
disagreement with ACC on the matter. In its view, insulation does not 
play a major role in blocking total air infiltration in a home, and 
resistance to air flow is accomplished largely by other measures 
required by building energy codes, such as gypsum board, sheathing, 
house wrap, and sealing of joints and holes.
    Finally, NAIMA supported specific disclosures on fact sheets for R-
19 batts because such insulation, which is usually 6\1/4\'' thick, is 
frequently compressed into 5 \1/2\'' wall cavities, thus reducing R-
value. NAIMA suggested requiring that fact sheets disclose the 
compressed insulation's R-value rounded to the nearest whole number.
    Discussion: The final amendments require fact sheets to include 
installation and air sealing information. As discussed in the NPRM and 
by the commenters, these changes will better alert consumers to factors 
that may affect their heating and cooling costs. The final amendments 
also contain a new provision requiring fact sheets to disclose 
reductions in the R-value of R-19 batts when such insulation is 
compressed into typical wall cavities. This new disclosure will help 
alert building professionals and consumers to the lower R-value 
resulting from compression in the typical installation of this product. 
Finally, the Commission sets the effective date of these new 
disclosures (and all other final amendments) at one year, which gives 
manufacturers an entire selling season to make the required changes. 
The one-year compliance period should be sufficient for manufacturers 
to update their fact sheets posted online as well as those provided to 
retailers. Should manufacturers confront issues with existing fact 
sheet stock, they can contact FTC staff for guidance.
    Although the final amendments include the general disclosures 
proposed in the NPRM, the Commission declines to require additional 
disclosures related to installation and air infiltration as suggested 
by ACC. Such disclosures do not appear necessary because the Rule 
already requires information on labels and fact sheets regarding the 
importance of proper installation in achieving the labeled R-value. In 
addition, the Commission declines to require disclosures about the air 
sealing qualities of insulation and associated impacts on overall 
energy performance. Commenters responding to the ANPR and NPRM 
disagreed about this issue. For example, while ACC argued the air 
sealing performance of insulation is important, NAIMA asserted that 
marketers should not claim a product's ability to block air 
infiltration, and not its R-value, is paramount. Likewise, NAIMA 
objected to claims suggesting insulation that limits air infiltration 
performs better overall than other insulations.\28\ Furthermore, on 
several occasions since the Rule's initial promulgation in 1979, the 
Commission has acknowledged that R-value tests do not account for many 
factors, such as the design characteristics and geographic location of 
the building, the specific application in which the product is 
installed, outside and inside temperatures, air and moisture movement, 
installation technique, and others. At the same time, the Commission 
has also maintained that quantifying and providing uniform comparative 
ratings to reflect these various factors would significantly complicate 
the Rule's disclosures and likely confuse consumers without providing 
commensurate benefits.\29\ Accordingly, consistent with the NPRM, the 
final Rule does not include disclosures addressing these issues. 
However, the Commission reiterates that under Sec.  460.19 of the Rule, 
insulation manufacturers must have a reasonable basis for any energy 
savings claims they make for their insulation products.
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    \28\ In addition, a Fact Sheet titled ``R-Value Introduction'' 
issued by DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory also raises questions 
about the importance of insulation's ability to limit air movement. 
The Fact Sheet states: ``The ability of insulation to limit air 
movement should not be confused with `air sealing.' The insulation 
reduces air movement only within the space it occupies. It will not 
reduce air movement through other cracks between building parts. For 
example, controlling air movement within a wall cavity will not stop 
air that leaks between the foundation and the sill plate or between 
the wall joists and a window frame.'' See https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/tools/insulation/r-value/intro.
    \29\ See 44 FR at 50226; and 68 FR 41872, 41877-41879 (July 15, 
2003).
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E. Online Disclosures

    Background: In the NPRM, the Commission proposed amending Sec.  
305.14 to require online insulation sellers to post labels and fact 
sheets on their websites for covered insulation products they sell 
directly to consumers. Large retailers commonly offer insulation for 
purchase through their websites. Though the current Rule requires 
retailers to ``make fact sheets available to your customers,'' it does 
not specify that fact sheets must be provided for online sales. In the 
NPRM, the Commission sought comment on the proposed change, including 
any burdens associated with providing such information online and any 
other associated issues.
    Comments: Two commenters supported the proposal; none opposed 
it.\30\ NAIMA explained that the burden associated with this 
requirement would be ``nominal'' and no different than existing burdens 
on insulation sellers.
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    \30\ NAIMA and ICAA.
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    Discussion: The final Rule adopts the proposed amendment. The new 
requirement for online fact sheets will effectuate the Rule's original 
intent by ensuring online consumers have access to the same information 
(both fact sheets and labels) as shoppers in stores. Retailers can make 
these disclosures through a variety of means, such as using expandable 
thumbnail images of package labels and fact sheets, or with conspicuous 
links directly to the required information.

F. Aging of Cellular Plastics

    Background: In the NPRM, the Commission proposed continuing to 
require tests on cellular plastic insulations that fully reflect aging 
on the product's R-value, as currently indicated in Sec.  460.5. In 
addition, the

[[Page 20782]]

Commission proposed eliminating the Rule's reference to the rescinded 
GSA Specification HH-I-530A aging standard, which appears to be 
obsolete. The Commission did not propose, as requested by several 
commenters, a new mandate that industry use only ASTM C1303 or CAN/ULC 
S770 (i.e., the LTTR (``long-term thermal resistance'') method) to 
measure aging. As discussed in detail in the NPRM, several commenters 
urged the Commission to adopt the LTTR method because, in their view, 
the test is now well-established and would ensure R-value disclosures 
for cellular plastic insulations accurately reflect aging effects. 
Others, however, opposed its adoption, questioning the method's R-value 
results, coverage, and timeframe. In the NPRM, the Commission declined 
proposing a requirement that manufacturers use these methods in light 
of the significant disagreements about the tests' accuracy, scope of 
coverage, and applicable time frames.
    Comments: Commenters generally supported the Commission's proposal 
to retain a general requirement that sellers conduct R-value tests on 
samples of cellular plastic insulations that fully reflect the effect 
of aging on the product's R-value. EPS-AI, for instance, stated that 
the Rule properly requires that tests for thermal resistance of 
polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, and extruded polystyrene fully reflect 
aging effects on the product's R-value. AFM agreed the Rule should 
continue to require that manufacturers determine the full effect of 
aging on their R-values, describing this provision as ``important 
protection for consumers.'' NAIMA similarly supported retaining this 
provision. Commenters also supported the proposed elimination of the 
obsolete GSA aging standard.\31\ EPS-IA noted that the provision's 
removal would have no adverse impacts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ See NAIMA, EPS-IA, and PIMA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Commenters, however, continued to express opposing views about 
incorporating the LTTR method into the Rule. XPSA agreed with the 
Commission's decision to forgo adopting the aging standard. Reiterating 
its previous comments, XPSA stated that evidence does not demonstrate 
the method provides ``a uniform means of accurately comparing different 
cellular plastic thermal insulations.'' \32\ Others, however, continued 
to urge the Commission to mandate the LTTR method. EPS-IA argued that, 
by not adopting the widely accepted ASTM C1303 test, the Commission is 
failing to fulfill its mission to prevent deception in the marketing of 
home insulation products and that there is ``very little opposition to 
this standard test method.'' It also submitted commercial product 
literature that, in its view, demonstrates that the lack of mandatory 
test method has led to deceptive R-value figures from extruded 
polystyrene manufacturers. Additionally, EPS-IA characterized the spray 
polyurethane industry's criticism of the LTTR method as ``conjecture 
and self-serving opposition'' that fails to hold up against evidence 
from Oak Ridge National Laboratories and ASTM.\33\ Similarly, PIMA 
argued the accuracy of ASTM C1303 is well-documented by industry 
research and DOE studies, and stated that any comments to the contrary 
are ``without merit'' and should have no bearing on the Commission's 
decision. However, PIMA reiterated that the method is not applicable to 
closed-cell foam insulation products with impermeable facers. PIMA 
explained that ASTM C518 best measures the R-value of impermeable 
products (e.g., foil-faced polyisocyanurate insulation), which are 
being used more frequently as continuous exterior insulation in new 
residential construction. PIMA also recognized that other factors may 
support the FTC's decision to forgo mandating ASTM C1303 for testing 
closed-cell foam insulation products but did not delineate those 
factors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \32\ 83 FR at 2941.
    \33\ Commenter Ji suggested that, because products may be stored 
in warehouses for a period of time after ASTM testing, the R-value 
reflected on the product label may no longer be accurate at the time 
of sale. Accordingly, Ji recommended that the test be done in a 
timely manner to maintain accuracy. However, the Rule already 
contains provisions related to aging, including the settling of 
blown cellulose and the aging of cellular plastics. 16 CFR 
460.5(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Discussion: Consistent with the NPRM, the final Rule retains the 
requirement in Section 460.5 that R-values fully reflect the effects of 
aging on cellular plastics and eliminates that section's reference to 
the GSA Specification HH-I-530A aging standard. Commenters did not 
identify any adverse impacts from eliminating the Rule's reference to 
the canceled GSA test. In addition, the final Rule does not mandate use 
of the LTTR method. Commenters on both the ANPR and NPRM disagreed 
about whether the Commission should mandate use of the LTTR method. 
Moreover, the record demonstrates that significant disagreements and 
concerns remain about various aspects of ASTM C1303 and CAN/ULC S770, 
including their accuracy, scope of coverage, and applicable timeframe. 
Nonetheless, because commenters did not identify a viable alternative 
test method, the Commission understands that many industry members will 
continue to use the LTTR method to gauge the effects of aging on R-
value.\34\ If new developments occur in the future that would warrant 
its adoption as a regulatory requirement, the Commission may revisit 
the issue, and interested parties may petition the Commission to 
consider additional rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ See 70 FR at 31264.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

G. Disclosures for Reflective Insulation

    Background: Reflective insulations, primarily aluminum foils, work 
by reducing heat transfer when installed facing an airspace. The Rule 
requires reflective insulation manufacturers to use specific tests to 
determine R-values, and to disclose those ratings to consumers for 
particular applications.\35\ Section 460.5(c) requires industry members 
to test single-sheet systems using ASTM E 408-71 (``Standard Test 
Methods for Total Normal Emittance of Surfaces Using Inspection-Meter 
Techniques''), or ASTM C 1371-04a (``Standard Test Method for 
Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using 
Portable Emissometers''). For reflective systems with more than one 
sheet, Sec.  460.5(b) requires the use of ASTM C 1363-97, `` ``Standard 
Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope 
Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus'','' in a test panel 
constructed according to ASTM C1224-03, ``Standard Specification for 
Reflective Insulation for Building Applications,'' and under the test 
conditions specified in ASTM C1224-03. Section 460.12 of the Rule also 
requires that labels for reflective insulation include ``the number of 
foil sheets; the number and thickness of the air spaces; and the R-
value provided by that system when the direction of heat flow is up, 
down, and horizontal.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ See 64 FR 48024, 48038-48039 (Sep. 1, 1999).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Rule also covers radiant barrier insulations, which are 
generally installed in attics facing the open airspace. However, as the 
Commission has stated, R-value claims are not appropriate for these 
products because no generally accepted test procedure exists to 
determine their R-value.\36\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \36\ 68 FR at 41889-90.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the NPRM, the Commission did not propose new requirements 
regarding disclosures or testing for reflective insulations. However, 
the Commission sought comment on whether to replace the term 
``aluminum'' with ``reflective material'' or a similar term because

[[Page 20783]]

these insulation systems may not always involve aluminum.
    Comments: Commenters generally supported the Commission's decision 
to retain the Rule's requirements for reflective insulation. NAIMA, for 
instance, supported the Rule's existing label disclosures for 
reflective insulation products. RIMA also supported retaining the 
requirement, but offered several suggestions to improve the Rule's 
provisions. First, it suggested technical amendments to reflective 
insulation-related terms. Specifically, it recommended replacing 
``aluminum foil'' with ``reflective insulation,'' noting that low-
emittance surfaces are not limited to aluminum foil or film. It also 
suggested replacing the term ``emissivity'' with ``emittance,'' 
explaining that, although these two terms often appear interchangeably, 
the ASTM test procedures incorporated in the Rule generally use the 
term emittance. Similarly, it suggested replacing the term 
``difference'' with ``differential'' in the Rule's test procedure 
section (Sec.  460.5) to be consistent with the ASTM methods.
    RIMA also recommended two substantive changes to the reflective 
insulation requirements. First, it suggested eliminating the reference 
to ASTM E408 for measuring emittance, explaining that this procedure 
measures ``normal emittance,'' while the other procedure allowed by the 
Rule, ASTM C1371, measures ``hemispherical emittance.'' Because 
``normal emittance'' measurements are generally lower than 
``hemispherical emittance,'' RIMA asserted that ASTM E408 results 
generally lead to higher, and thus ``overestimated,'' R-values. Second, 
RIMA argued that Sec.  460.5(b) is overly restrictive because it limits 
use of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals to specific air space sizes 
from one line in Table 3 (pages 26.14 and 26.15). RIMA argued that the 
Rule should specifically allow ``interpolation and moderate 
extrapolation for air spaces greater than 3.5'' as stated in a footnote 
to the ASHRAE table.
    Discussion: Based on the comments, the final Rule includes several 
technical amendments. First, it replaces references to ``aluminum 
foil'' and ``foil'' and similar words with the more general terms 
``reflective insulation'' and ``reflective'' because, as noted in the 
NPRM, these insulation systems may not always involve aluminum.\37\ In 
addition, consistent with RIMA's suggestion, the final Rule replaces 
the terms ``emissivity'' with ``emittance'' and ``differential'' with 
``difference'' in Sec.  460.5 to be consistent with the terms used in 
the test procedures incorporated in the Rule.\38\ These minor 
conforming changes have no substantive impact on the existing 
requirements.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \37\ Specifically, the amendments remove the reference to 
``aluminum foil'' in Sec.  460.2 and replace references to ``foil'' 
or ``aluminum foil'' in Sec.  460.5 with ``reflective insulation.''
    \38\ See, e.g., ASTM C518, 7.7.1 and ASTM C1224, 9.7.3 
(``temperature difference'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission does not further amend the Rule's reflective 
insulation provisions. Specifically, the amended Rule will continue to 
allow the use of ASTM E408 as well as C1371. Although the Commission 
may consider eliminating the test in the future, it declines to make 
such a change without providing an opportunity for public comment. 
Furthermore, RIMA's comments did not indicate whether the 
inconsistencies between the ASTM E408 and C1371 have caused substantial 
problems in the marketplace nor did it explain the extent to which the 
test differences impact advertised R-values. In the future, if 
retaining ASTM E408 in the Rule creates a substantive problem, 
stakeholders may petition the Commission to consider further Rule 
amendments.
    Regarding RIMA's proposal to allow extrapolation of values from the 
ASHRAE table, the Commission has already explained in a 2005 Federal 
Register final rule that ``it does not intend to restrict the use of 
the tables only to those values specifically printed in the tables 
themselves.'' \39\ Instead, the Commission recognized ``that 
explanatory information in the footnotes to the ASHRAE handbook allow 
for interpolation and moderate extrapolation'' and expected ``industry 
members to use this guidance in complying with the Rule.'' \40\ 
Commenters have not identified any ongoing problems stemming from this 
guidance or lack of a specific reference in the Rule. Accordingly, the 
Commission does not amend this part of the Rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ 70 FR at 31270.
    \40\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

H. Updating Test References

    Background: In the NPRM, the Commission proposed updating Sec.  
460.5 to reflect the most recent versions of the ASTM test procedures. 
In addition, to ensure consistency with the Office of Federal Register 
(OFR) regulations, it proposed removing Sec.  460.7 to eliminate 
automatic updates to the ASTM test procedures incorporated by reference 
in the Rule. Specifically, OFR regulations state that incorporation by 
reference is ``limited to the edition of the publication that is 
approved,'' and ``future amendments or revisions of the publication are 
not included.'' \41\ The proposed amendment would also ensure the Rule 
provides notice and an opportunity to comment on test updates before 
they are incorporated by reference. The Commission indicated that it 
would periodically review the Rule's test procedures to ensure the Rule 
contains the most recent versions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ See 1 CFR 51.1(f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Comments: Commenters supported the proposed amendments to update 
the Rule's test procedure provisions.\42\ According to NAIMA, the 
change will ensure the Commission ``provides notice and an opportunity 
to comment on updates before they are incorporated into the 
regulations.'' PIMA expressed support for FTC's continued reliance on 
consensus-based test standards such as those administered by ASTM 
because such ``standards are continually reviewed by subject-matter 
experts and allow for broad stakeholder input through transparent 
development and maintenance processes.'' It also encouraged FTC to 
consider the best method to update test standards ``moving forward'' 
and noted the burdensome process involved with updating the Rule's 
references. AFM added that the Rule should change its ASTM reference to 
the organization's current name, ``ASTM International.'' It also 
recommended the Rule state that the test methods are ``developed'' 
rather than ``designed'' by ASTM.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ PIMA and NAIMA. No commenters opposed this.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Discussion: Given the support for the test method updates announced 
in the NPRM, the Commission amends the Rule to reflect the most current 
test versions.\43\ In addition, the amendments remove Sec.  460.7 to 
eliminate automatic updates to the ASTM test procedures incorporated by 
reference in the Rule. The Commission will continue to update the test 
procedures as part of its routine Rule reviews. In the interim, if 
interested parties identify the need for any specific updates, they 
should petition the Commission for an amendment. The final Rule also 
updates the formal name for ASTM to ``ASTM International'' and changes 
the term ``designed'' to ``developed'' to better reflect ASTM's 
role.\44\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ The final amendments reference the latest versions of three 
recently updated tests: ASTM C518-17, ASTM C739-17, and ASTM C1149-
17.
    \44\ It appears that ASTM tends to use the term ``development'' 
with regard to standards. See, e.g., 2016 Annual Book of ASTM 
Standards, Section 4, Vol. 04.06 (``Thermal Insulation: Building and 
Environmental Acoustics''), at iii (``[ASTM] is a globally 
recognized leader in the development and delivery of international 
voluntary standards.'').

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 20784]]

I. Limited Format Disclosures

    Background: In the NPRM, the Commission proposed amending the Rule 
to exempt space-constrained advertising from the required disclosures 
in Sec. Sec.  460.18 and 460.19, which may be infeasible or impractical 
for some methods of advertising.
    Comments: The commenters expressed different views on the proposal. 
NAIMA supported the amendment, explaining that the required disclosures 
``may be infeasible or impractical for some methods of advertising, 
such as [T]witter and mobile sources.'' It also noted the amendment is 
consistent with similar exemptions for radio and television 
advertisements.\45\ ICAA, however, opposed the exemption, noting that 
digital advertising is likely to ``outpace print and radio 
advertising,'' making it the ``mainstream communication channel for 
consumers.'' In its view, the exemption would lead to an absence of 
disclosures ``where the bulk of advertising dollars are expended,'' and 
consumers would have no knowledge of the applicable federal rules for 
these claims. To address space-constrained formats, ICAA suggested the 
Rule require marketers to provide a short hyperlink (e.g., ``See FTC 
disclosures here'') to take consumers directly ``to the appropriate 
code sections.'' \46\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ PIMA also supported the amendments.
    \46\ Commenter Ji also opposed the exemption, stating that the 
current disclosures ``help consumers make the right choice.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Discussion: As proposed in the NPRM, the final Rule exempts space-
constrained advertisements from the affirmative disclosures in 
Sec. Sec.  460.18 and 460.19.\47\ For example, the Rule requires the 
following statement in any insulation advertisement containing an R-
value claim: ``The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating 
power. Ask your seller for the fact sheet on R-values.'' The amendment 
exempts such statements for space-constrained advertisements. It 
defines ``space-constrained'' as any communication made through 
interactive media (such as the internet, online services, and software, 
including but not limited to internet search results and banner ads) 
that has space, format, size or technological limitations or 
restrictions that effectively prevent marketers from making the 
required disclosures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ The Commission has already excluded television and radio 
advertising from the more detailed disclosure requirements because 
it found meaningful disclosures are probably not effective in those 
media. See 70 FR at 31271; 51 FR 39650 (Oct. 30, 1986).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This change will reduce the Rule's burdens without significantly 
reducing its effectiveness. Specifically, the Rule already provides 
several tiers of disclosures. In addition to the affirmative 
advertising disclosures, sellers must provide disclosures on package 
labels, as well as in fact sheets, that must be made available to 
customers before purchase. Furthermore, the final amendments add new 
requirements to ensure labels and fact sheets are available for online 
sales, making this important R-value information accessible to 
consumers before their purchase. In addition, the amendments do not 
create a blanket exemption for disclosures on all mobile devices or 
similar formats. Indeed, some of the required disclosures (e.g., R-
value disclosures triggered by Sec.  460.18(b) and (c)) do not require 
significant space and thus are unlikely to qualify for the exemption. 
Accordingly, industry members must show there is insufficient space for 
the required disclosures to claim the exemption. Finally, the exemption 
does not alter advertisers' obligation to follow the substantiation 
requirements in Sec.  460.19.\48\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \48\ Section 460.19 requires a reasonable basis for fuel savings 
claims and directs marketers to maintain proof of such claims for 
three years.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

J. Mean Temperature

    Background: Since its promulgation in 1979, Sec.  460.5 of the Rule 
has required R-value testing at a 75 [deg]F mean temperature for most 
insulation products. In initially issuing this requirement, the 
Commission explained that the ``choice of this particular temperature 
is based on a significant volume of record evidence that 75 [deg]F is 
already a widely-used test temperature and is incorporated in many 
voluntary industry standards and federal procurement specifications.'' 
\49\ Section 460.5 requires testing at a 50 [deg]F temperature 
differential (i.e., the difference between the hot and cold surface 
during testing).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ 44 FR at 50227.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In response to the ANPR, some commenters recommended the Rule 
address insulation performance at mean temperatures lower than 75 
[deg]F. Specifically, they suggested the Commission consider either 
requiring an additional R-value disclosure at a low mean temperature or 
requiring disclosures about the cold weather performance of certain 
insulations. In the NPRM (83 FR at 2942), the Commission did not 
propose revising the Rule's mean test temperature requirement, nor did 
it propose specific affirmative disclosures for insulation products 
that may exhibit lower R-values at low temperatures. The Commission 
explained that, given the temperature differences throughout the 
country, no one temperature is likely to be sufficiently representative 
of consumer experiences.\50\ The Commission noted, however, that 
nothing in the FTC Act or the Rule prohibits sellers from promoting 
their products' performance in low temperatures in their advertising. 
If a seller's products have better R-values than others at low 
temperatures, it may make truthful, substantiated claims conveying its 
products' advantages.\51\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ In initially issuing the Rule, the Commission did not 
attempt to specify a mean test temperature representative of any 
particular geographical region or season. Indeed, it reasoned that 
any attempt to do so would yield results inappropriate for other 
regions or seasons. Accordingly, the Commission chose a single 
temperature widely used in industry standards, recognizing the fact 
that it is not perfectly representative. See 64 FR at 48037; and 44 
FR at 50219, 50227.
    \51\ See 68 FR at 41878-41879.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Comments: The commenters generally supported the Commission's 
decision to retain the current mean temperature requirements.\52\ 
NAIMA, for example, agreed that the range of temperature differences 
throughout the country makes it unlikely a single temperature will be 
representative of consumer experiences. It also noted that mandatory R-
value disclosures at additional temperatures would increase the 
industry burden without a corresponding consumer benefit. ACC did not 
oppose the proposal but looked for further guidance on specific 
disclosures and whether they are substantiated. Specifically, it asked 
whether a manufacturer can make additional R-value claims, beyond those 
required by the Rule, ``at another temperature provided the statement 
is clearly qualified that the testing was conducted at another 
temperature.'' Further, it inquired whether additional claims such as 
``R-value at XX degrees F'' or ``thermal resistance at XX degrees F'' 
would be considered adequately substantiated, qualified, and otherwise 
compliant with the Rule and Section 5 of the FTC Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ See PIMA, XPSA, and NAIMA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Discussion: The Commission declines to amend the Rule's mean 
temperature requirements. As discussed in the NPRM, in publishing the 
original Rule, the Commission did not attempt to specify a mean test 
temperature representative of any particular geographical region or 
season. Further, given the temperature differences throughout the 
country, no one

[[Page 20785]]

temperature is likely to be sufficiently representative of consumer 
experiences. Accordingly, the
    Commission established a single temperature widely used in industry 
standards, recognizing it provides a reasonable benchmark to compare 
claims. As discussed in the NPRM and in comments, this reasoning still 
holds true.
    Regarding ACC's questions about additional claims, the Commission 
reiterates its view that sellers may make truthful, substantiated 
claims conveying, for example, that their products have higher R-values 
at low temperatures compared to competing products. However, as the 
Commission considers the net impression of an entire advertisement to 
determine whether it is deceptive, the Commission declines to offer an 
opinion about ACC's suggested advertising claims in isolation.\53\ 
Industry members may consult existing FTC guidance in developing their 
own advertising claims.\54\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \53\ ``[T]he Commission will evaluate the entire advertisement, 
transaction, or course of dealing in determining how reasonable 
consumers are likely to respond. Thus, in advertising the Commission 
will examine `the entire mosaic, rather than each tile separately.' 
'' Deception Policy Statement, supra (quoting FTC v. Sterling Drug, 
317 F.2d 669, 674 (2d Cir. 1963)).
    \54\ The Commission determines whether an advertisement is 
deceptive by engaging ``in a three-step inquiry, considering: (i) 
What claims are conveyed in the ad, (ii) whether those claims are 
false, misleading, or unsubstantiated, and (iii) whether the claims 
are material to prospective consumers.'' POM Wonderful, LLC v. 
F.T.C., 777 F.3d 478, 490 (D.C. Cir. 2015), cert. denied, 136 S. Ct. 
1839 (2016). The adequacy of disclosures may depend on how consumers 
interpret particular claims, including the net consumer impression 
of the advertisement. See Kraft, Inc. v. F.T.C., 970 F.2d 311, 314, 
318 (7th Cir. 1992).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

K. R-Value per Inch Claims

    Background: Section 460.20 of the Rule prohibits R-value per inch 
claims unless test results prove the product's R-value per inch does 
not drop at greater thicknesses. As the Commission has explained 
previously, R-value per inch claims lead ``consumers to believe that 
insulation R-values are linear,'' when, in fact, they often are not. 
For many insulation products, R-value does not increase proportionally 
with thickness. Accordingly, unqualified R-value per inch claims are 
often deceptive.\55\ Therefore, the Rule prohibits these claims unless 
a differing, outstanding FTC Order applies or the seller has actual 
test results proving the product's R-value per inch is constant at 
various thicknesses. In response to comments seeking further 
clarification, the Commission declined to propose amendments in NPRM 
because it lacked evidence indicating the Rule's current language is 
ambiguous or confusing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \55\ 44 FR at 50234.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Comments: Commenters offered differing views on R-value per inch 
claims. ACC agreed with the Commission's approach and indicated that 
the current Rule is clear and concise. However, NAIMA asked for further 
clarity and reiterated a concern, expressed in earlier comments, about 
a recent decision from the Better Business Bureau's National 
Advertising Division (``NAD'') involving cellulose insulation 
claims.\56\ In particular, NAIMA requested the Commission clarify what 
constitutes ``actual test data'' under the Rule, a concept contested in 
the NAD proceeding. According to NAIMA, cellulose manufacturers have 
substantiated their R-value claims at multiple thicknesses merely 
through a coverage chart, which, in NAIMA's view, does not constitute 
``actual test data.'' Finally, NAIMA urged the Commission to amend the 
Rule to include the following clarification: ``Any express or implied 
claim that fibrous insulation R-value is linear with thickness is per 
se misleading and, therefore, prohibited, unless qualifying for one of 
the exceptions set forth in this section.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \56\ NAIMA (citing Applegate Insulation (Cellulose Insulation 
Products), Case #5961, NAD/CARU Case reports (June 2016)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Discussion: The Commission declines to amend the Rule's R-value per 
inch provision or to require marketers to make additional disclosures 
related specifically to fibrous insulation. As discussed in the NPRM, 
in adopting this provision, the Commission recognized that many 
consumers may believe the relationship between R-value and thickness is 
linear. Specifically, the Commission explained that misleading 
``references to the R-value for a one-inch thickness of the material 
will encourage consumers to think that it is appropriate to multiply 
this figure by the desired number of inches, as though the R-value per 
inch was constant.'' The current provision addresses this issue by 
prohibiting R-value per inch claims unless supported by the tests 
required by the Rule, which the Commission considers to be competent 
and reliable scientific evidence. Furthermore, Sec.  460.20 applies to 
all insulation. Therefore, a specific provision relating to fibrous 
insulation, as some commenters suggested, is unnecessary. Finally, the 
Commission lacks a basis to address the claims reviewed by NAD, given 
the limited information in the comments and the absence of views from 
cellulose manufacturers involved in the dispute.

L. Spray Foam Disclosures

    Background and Comments: NAIMA asked the Commission to consider new 
regulatory requirements for spray foam insulation (SPF). Specifically, 
NAIMA raised concerns that the Rule does not adequately ensure SPF 
products deliver their advertised R-value. Unlike other insulation 
sellers, SPF installers, according to NAIMA, must essentially 
``manufacture'' their insulation on-site to deliver the advertised 
thermal performance or R-value. In doing so, NAIMA explained that 
installers must manage a process involving ``generators, compressors, 
proportioning pumps, temperature controls, heated hoses and spray 
guns'' while wearing personal protective equipment. NAIMA claimed that 
certain SPF companies advocate ``underfilling'' wall cavities because, 
according to those companies, the superior air sealing qualities of 
foam insulation compensate for any reductions in R-value due to such a 
practice. NAIMA objects to such representations and argued that no 
``reliable, scientifically validated method'' exists to support claims 
about R-value degradation due to air infiltration. In its view, air 
barriers, which are separate from insulation and typically required for 
new homes, already prevent any air infiltration through fiberglass or 
other types of insulation. NAIMA further stated that, as long as the 
wall assembly is sealed to code specifications, all forms of insulation 
achieve the same thermal performance.
    To address these concerns, NAIMA recommended the Commission require 
that: (1) SPF installations entirely fill the wall cavity; (2) SPF 
installers maintain testing records; (3) SPF manufacturers give 
homeowners detailed information about ``the manufacturing process that 
will occur in their residence''; (4) SPF installers disclose the 
mixture of chemicals and installation of foam in the home; and (5) 
manufacturer and installer websites publicly disclose information about 
SPF insulation R-values. NAIMA stated that, in lieu of these specific 
requirements, the Commission could add a general requirement applicable 
to all forms of insulation, including fiberglass and mineral wool, that 
installers follow manufacturer's installation recommendations. 
Additionally, commenter Harrison raised concerns about the fire risks 
associated with ``sprayed and sheet insulation materials'' and called 
for improved

[[Page 20786]]

regulation to give clarity and guidance to industry members.
    Discussion: The Commission does not propose Rule requirements to 
address SPF insulation. NAIMA highlights an ongoing debate, discussed 
in the NPRM (83 FR at 2938-2940), between foam and fiberglass 
manufacturers about the impact of an insulation's air infiltration 
qualities on insulation performance and overall home efficiency. 
However, NAIMA has not established a prevalence of deceptive practices 
that would support the sweeping Rule amendments it recommends. 
Furthermore, the Rule already addresses many of the issues NAIMA 
raised, such as the need for installers to deliver the advertised R-
value (e.g., 460.17) and the importance of properly installing 
insulation (e.g., 460.12 and 460.13).
    The Rule requires appropriate R-value disclosures and the 
substantiation of claims made in these disclosures, and prohibits false 
or misleading claims. It does not mandate the R-value of insulation 
installed in homes nor does it address whether some forms of insulation 
may be more effective than others for certain applications. These 
issues generally fall within the authority and expertise of state and 
local energy code officials, DOE experts, and other building 
professionals. This does not mean that the Commission endorses any 
particular claims or practices in the market. Any representations made 
by insulation sellers, whether covered by the R-value Rule or not, must 
be substantiated and otherwise not violate Section 5 of the FTC Act. 
Thus, manufacturers must back up any claims about insulation 
performance with competent and reliable scientific evidence. The 
Commission will take NAIMA's comments under advisement and continue to 
follow developments in the market. Finally, the Commission does not 
propose any changes to the Rule to address insulation safety issues. 
Safety issues generally fall within the mission and authority of other 
agencies such as the Consumer Products Safety Commission.

VI. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 through 612, 
requires that the Commission provide an Initial Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis (IRFA) with a proposed rule and a Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis (FRFA), if any, with the final rule, unless the Commission 
certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on 
a substantial number of small entities. See 5 U.S.C. 603 through 605.
    The Commission does not anticipate that the amendments will have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
The Commission recognizes that some of the affected manufacturers may 
qualify as small businesses under the relevant thresholds. Because the 
R-value Rule covers home insulation manufacturers and retailers, 
professional installers, new home sellers, and testing laboratories, 
the Commission believes that any amendments to the Rule may affect a 
substantial number of small businesses. However, the Commission does 
not expect that the economic impact of the amendments will be 
significant because these amendments involve updates, clarifications 
and minor changes to the Rule.
    Although the Commission has certified under the RFA that the 
amendments would not have a significant impact on a substantial number 
of small entities, the Commission has determined, nonetheless, that it 
is appropriate to publish an FRFA in order to explain the impact of the 
amendments on small entities as follows:

A. Description of the Reasons That Action by the Agency Is Being Taken

    The Commission initiated this rulemaking to assist consumers in 
their insulation purchases by clarifying several provisions, updating 
requirements, ensuring proper test procedures are followed to determine 
the R-values of covered products, and exempting certain types of 
advertising from affirmative disclosures.

B. Issues Raised by Comments in Response to the IRFA

    The Commission did not receive any comments specifically related to 
the impact of the final amendment on small businesses. No comments were 
filed by the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration.

C. Small Entities to Which the Proposed Rule Will Apply

    The R-value Rule covers home insulation manufacturers and 
retailers, professional installers, new home sellers, and testing 
laboratories. The Commission recognizes that many affected entities may 
qualify as small businesses under the relevant thresholds. The 
Commission does not expect, however, that the economic impact of 
implementing the amendments will be significant because the Commission 
plans to provide businesses with ample time to implement the 
requirements, and the amendments require information disclosures that 
do not impose substantial burdens.

D. Projected Reporting, Recordkeeping and Other Compliance Requirements

    The Commission anticipates that the amendments may slightly 
increase reporting or recordkeeping requirements associated with the 
Rule for some small entities, while reducing some compliance 
requirements associated with advertising in space-constrained formats. 
The amendments likely will increase some compliance requirements by 
extending the requirement to substantiate R-value claims to non-
insulation products. The amendments will also require manufacturers to 
update labels and fact sheets, but provides substantial time for 
manufacturers to update these materials. The amendments will also 
likely reduce burden by exempting certain disclosures for limited 
format advertising.

E. Description of Steps Taken To Minimize Significant Economic Impact, 
if Any, on Small Entities, Including Alternatives

    The Commission did not propose any specific small entity exemption 
or other significant alternatives, but sought comment and information 
on the need, if any, for alternative compliance methods that would 
reduce the economic impact of the Rule on small entities. In 
particular, the Commission sought comments on whether it should time 
the Rule's effective date to provide additional time for small business 
compliance. No comments identified any new compliance costs, and 
several comments argued that some of the amendments will reduce 
compliance costs.

VII. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The current Rule contains recordkeeping, disclosure, testing, and 
reporting requirements that constitute information collection 
requirements as defined by 5 CFR 1320.3(c), the definitional provision 
within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) regulations that 
implement the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). OMB has approved the 
Rule's existing information collection requirements through January 31, 
2021 (OMB Control No. 3084-0109). As detailed below, the amendments' 
changes to the Rule's labeling requirements should not alter in the net 
the Rule's overall PRA burden.\57\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \57\ The PRA analysis for this rulemaking focuses strictly on 
the information collection requirements created by and/or otherwise 
affected by the amendments. Unaffected information collection 
provisions have previously been accounted for in past FTC analyses 
under the Rule and are covered by the current PRA clearance from 
OMB.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 20787]]

    The Commission adopts a small number of rule amendments designed to 
clarify the Rule, update its disclosures, and require specific testing 
procedures for non-insulation products. In the Commission's view, the 
amendments will not increase the PRA burden associated with those 
testing procedures. Under the current requirements, any marketer making 
an R-value claim must have competent and reliable evidence to back that 
claim. Accordingly, it is likely that such marketers already conduct 
testing for claims under the normal course of business. Thus, the 
requirement should not increase those burdens. The amendments regarding 
the small changes to fact sheets and online displays of fact sheets and 
labels also should not increase the Rule's current PRA burden. The Rule 
already requires retailers to provide fact sheets to their consumers. 
In addition, any potential increase in burden resulting from those 
amendments would likely be offset by the amendment exempting space-
constrained advertising from the affirmative disclosures in Sec. Sec.  
460.18 and 460.19.\58\ Finally, no comments disputed this PRA analysis 
when presented in the NPRM. Consequently, the Commission believes the 
amendments will not result in incremental PRA burden.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ The fact sheet amendments in Sec.  460.13(e) do not 
constitute a ``collection of information'' under the PRA because 
they are a ``public disclosure of information originally supplied by 
the government to the recipient for the purpose of disclosure to the 
public'' as indicated in OMB regulations. See 5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

VIII. Incorporation by Reference

    Consistent with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51, the Commission 
incorporates the specifications of the following documents published by 
the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning 
Engineers, Inc. and ASTM International: \59\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ Quoted descriptions of ASTM standards from www.astm.org.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     2017 ASHRAE Handbook--Fundamentals, I-P Edition (published 
2017) (ASHRAE Handbook covers basic principles and data used in the 
heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration industry);
     ASTM C 177-13, ``Standard Test Method for Steady-State 
Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of 
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus'' (published October 2013) (``This test 
covers the measurement of heat flux and associated test conditions for 
flat specimens. The guarded-hot-plate apparatus is generally used to 
measure steady-state heat flux through materials having a ``low'' 
thermal conductivity and commonly denoted as ``thermal insulators.'');
     ASTM C 518-17, ``Standard Test Method for Steady-State 
Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter 
Apparatus'' (published July 2017) (``This test method covers the 
measurement of steady state thermal transmission through flat slab 
specimens using a heat flow meter apparatus.'');
     ASTM C 739-17, ``Standard Specification for Cellulosic 
Fiber Loose- Fill Thermal Insulation'' (published August 2017) (``This 
specification covers the composition and physical requirements of 
chemically treated, recycled cellulosic fiber loose-fill type thermal 
insulation for use in attics or enclosed spaces in housing, and other 
framed buildings within the ambient temperature range from--45 to 90 
[deg]C by pneumatic or pouring application.'');
     ASTM C 1045-07 (reapproved 2013), ``Standard Practice for 
Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State 
Conditions (published January 2014)'' (``This practice is intended to 
provide the user with a uniform procedure for calculating the thermal 
transmission properties of a material or system from standard test 
methods used to determine heat flux and surface temperatures.'');
     ASTM C 1114-06 (Reapproved 2013), ``Standard Test Method 
for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-
Heater Apparatus'' (published January 2014) (``This test method covers 
the determination of the steady-state thermal transmission properties 
of flat slab specimens of thermal insulation using a thin heater of 
uniform power density having low lateral heat flow.'');
     ASTM C 1149-17, ``Standard Specification for Self-
Supported Spray Applied Cellulosic Thermal Insulation'' (published 
October 2017) (``The specification covers the physical properties of 
self-supported spray applied cellulosic fibers intended for use as 
thermal insulation or an acoustical absorbent material, or both.'');
     ASTM C 1224-15, ``Standard Specification for Reflective 
Insulation for Building Applications'' (published November 2015) 
(``This specification covers the general requirements and physical 
properties of reflective insulations for use in building 
applications.'');
     ASTM C 1363-11, ``Standard Test Method for Thermal 
Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a 
Hot Box Apparatus'' (published June 2011) (``This test method 
establishes the principles for the design of a hot box apparatus and 
the minimum requirements for the determination of the steady state 
thermal performance of building assemblies when exposed to controlled 
laboratory conditions. This method is also used to measure the thermal 
performance of a building material at standardized test conditions such 
as those required in ASTM material Specifications C739, C764, C1224 and 
Practice C1373.'');
     ASTM C 1371-15, ``Standard Test Method for Determination 
of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable 
Emissometers'' (published June 2015) (``This test method covers a 
technique for determination of the emittance of opaque and highly 
thermally conductive materials using a portable differential thermopile 
emissometer. The purpose of the test method is to provide a comparative 
means of quantifying the emittance of materials near room 
temperature.'');
     ASTM C 1374-14, ``Standard Test Method for Determination 
of Installed Thickness of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Building 
Insulation'' (published May 2014) (``This test method covers 
determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied 
loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open 
attic with horizontal blown applications.'');
     ASTM E 408-13, ``Standard Test Methods for Total Normal 
Emittance of Surfaces Using Inspection-Meter Techniques'' (published 
June 2013) (``These test methods cover determination of the total 
normal emittance of surfaces by means of portable, as well as desktop, 
inspection meter instruments.'').
    The ASHRAE Handbook and the ASTM standards are reasonably available 
to interested parties. Members of the public can obtain copies of ASTM 
C 177-13, ASTM C 518-17, ASTM C 739-17, ASTM C 1045-07, ASTM C 1114-06, 
ASTM C 1149-17, ASTM C 1224-15, ASTM C 1363-11, ASTM C 1371-15, ASTM C 
1374-14, and ASTM E 408-13 from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor 
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428; telephone: 1-877-909-2786; internet 
address: http://www.astm.org. Members of the public can obtain copies 
of the 2017 ASHRAE Handbook--Fundamentals, I-P Edition (2017) from 
ASHRAE Headquarters 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329; telephone 
(404) 636-8400; internet address: https://www.ashrae.org. The ASHRAE

[[Page 20788]]

Handbook and the ASTM standards are also available for inspection at 
the FTC Library (202-326-2395), Federal Trade Commission, Room H-630, 
600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20580.

Final Rule Language

List of Subjects in 16 CFR Part 460

    Advertising, Incorporation by reference, Insulation, Labeling, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Trade practices.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Federal Trade 
Commission amends 16 CFR part 460 as follows:

PART 460--LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF HOME INSULATION

0
1. The authority citation for part 460 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq. (38 Stat. 717, as amended).
    Appendix A also issued under 46 FR 22179 (April 16, 1981); 46 FR 
22180 (April 16, 1981); 48 FR 31192 (July 7, 1983).


0
2. Revise Sec.  460.1 to read as follows:


Sec.  460.1   What this part does.

    This part deals with R-value claims, as well as home insulation 
labels, fact sheets, ads, and other promotional materials in or 
affecting commerce, as ``commerce'' is defined in the Federal Trade 
Commission Act. If you are covered by this part, breaking any of its 
rules is an unfair or deceptive act or practice or an unfair method of 
competition under Section 5 of that Act. You can be fined heavily (up 
to the civil monetary penalty amount specified in Sec.  1.98 of this 
chapter) each time you break a rule.

0
3. Revise Sec.  460.2 to read as follows:


Sec.  460.2   What is home insulation.

    Insulation is any material mainly used to slow heat flow. It may be 
mineral or organic, fibrous, cellular, or reflective. It may be in 
rigid, semirigid, flexible, or loose-fill form. Home insulation is for 
use in old or new homes, condominiums, cooperatives, apartments, 
modular homes, or mobile homes. It does not include pipe insulation. It 
does not include any kind of duct insulation except for duct wrap. It 
also includes insulation developed and marketed for commercial or 
industrial buildings that is also marketed for and used in residential 
buildings.

0
4. Revise Sec.  460.3 to read as follows:


Sec.  460.3   Who is covered.

    You are covered by this part if you are a member of the home 
insulation industry. This includes individuals, firms, partnerships, 
and corporations. It includes manufacturers, distributors, franchisors, 
installers, retailers, utility companies, and trade associations. 
Advertisers and advertising agencies are also covered. So are labs 
doing tests for industry members. If you sell new homes to consumers, 
you are covered. If you make R-value claims for non-insulation products 
described in Sec.  460.22, you are covered by the requirements of that 
section.

0
5. Revise Sec.  460.4 to read as follows:


Sec.  460.4   When the rules in this part apply.

    You must follow the rules in this part each time you import, 
manufacture, distribute, sell, install, promote, or label home 
insulation. You must follow them each time you prepare, approve, place, 
or pay for home insulation labels, fact sheets, ads, or other 
promotional materials for consumer use. You must also follow them each 
time you supply anyone covered by this part with written information 
that is to be used in labels, fact sheets, ads, or other promotional 
materials for consumer use. Testing labs must follow the rules unless 
the industry members tell them, in writing, that labels, fact sheets, 
ads, or other promotional materials for home insulation will not be 
based on the test results. You must follow the requirements in Sec.  
460.22 each time you make an R-value claim for non-insulation products 
marketed in whole or in part to reduce residential energy use by 
slowing heat flow.

0
6. Revise Sec.  460.5 to read as follows:


Sec.  460.5   R-value tests.

    R-value measures resistance to heat flow. R-values given in labels, 
fact sheets, ads, or other promotional materials must be based on tests 
done under the methods listed in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this 
section.
    (a) All types of insulation except reflective insulation must be 
tested with ASTM C177-13, ``Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat 
Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the 
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus;'' ASTM C518-17, ``Standard Test Method for 
Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow 
Meter Apparatus;'' ASTM C1363-11, ``Standard Test Method for Thermal 
Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a 
Hot Box Apparatus'' or ASTM C1114-06, ``Standard Test Method for 
Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-
Heater Apparatus.'' The tests must be done at a mean temperature of 75 
degrees Fahrenheit and with a temperature difference of 50 degrees 
Fahrenheit plus or minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. The tests must be done 
on the insulation material alone (excluding any airspace). R-values 
(``thermal resistance'') based upon heat flux measurements according to 
ASTM C177-13 or ASTM C518-17 must be reported only in accordance with 
the requirements and restrictions of ASTM C1045-07, ``Standard Practice 
for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State 
Conditions.''
    (1) For polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, and extruded polystyrene, 
the tests must be done on samples that fully reflect the effect of 
aging on the product's R-value.
    (2) For loose-fill cellulose, the tests must be done at the settled 
density determined under paragraph 8 of ASTM C739-17, ``Standard 
Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation.''
    (3) For loose-fill mineral wool, self-supported, spray-applied 
cellulose, and stabilized cellulose, the tests must be done on samples 
that fully reflect the effect of settling on the product's R-value.
    (4) For self-supported spray-applied cellulose, the tests must be 
done at the density determined pursuant to ASTM C1149-17, ``Standard 
Specification for Self-Supported Spray Applied Cellulosic Thermal 
Insulation.''
    (5) For loose-fill insulations, the initial installed thickness for 
the product must be determined pursuant to ASTM C1374-14, ``Standard 
Test Method for Determination of Installed Thickness of Pneumatically 
Applied Loose-Fill Building Insulation,'' for R-values of 13, 19, 22, 
30, 38, 49 and any other R-values provided on the product's label 
pursuant to Sec.  460.12.
    (b) Single sheet reflective insulation materials must be tested 
with ASTM E408-13, ``Standard Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance 
of Surfaces Using Inspection-Meter Techniques,'' or ASTM C1371-15, 
``Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near 
Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers.'' This test determines 
the emittance of the reflective surfaces--its power to radiate heat. To 
get the R-value for a specific emittance, air space, and direction of 
heat flow, use Table 3 in the ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 26, if the 
product is intended for applications that meet the conditions specified 
in the tables. You must use the R-value shown for 50 degrees 
Fahrenheit, with a temperature difference of 30 degrees Fahrenheit.
    (c) Reflective insulation systems with more than one sheet, and 
single sheet

[[Page 20789]]

systems that are intended for applications that do not meet the 
conditions specified in Table 3 in the ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 26 must 
be tested with ASTM C1363-11, ``Standard Test Method for Thermal 
Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a 
Hot Box Apparatus,'' in a test panel constructed according to ASTM 
C1224-15, ``Standard Specification for Reflective Insulation for 
Building Applications,'' and under the test conditions specified in 
ASTM C1224-15. To get the R-value from the results of those tests, use 
the formula specified in ASTM C1224-15.
    (d) For insulation materials with reflective facings, you must test 
the R-value of the material alone (excluding any air spaces) under the 
methods listed in paragraph (a) of this section. You can also determine 
the R-value of the material in conjunction with an air space. You can 
use one of two methods to do this:
    (1) You can test the system, with its air space, under ASTM C1363-
11, ``Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building 
Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus'' If 
you do this, you must follow the requirements in paragraph (a) of this 
section on temperature, aging and settled density.
    (2) You can add up the tested R-value of the material and the R-
value of the air space. To get the R-value for the air space, you must 
follow the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (e) The standards required in this section are incorporated by 
reference into this section with the approval of the Director of the 
Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. All approved 
material is available for inspection at the FTC Library (202-326-2395), 
Federal Trade Commission, Room H-630, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, 
Washington, DC 20580 and is available from the sources listed in 
paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section. It is also available for 
inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). 
For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-
741-6030 or go to www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
    (1) ASHRAE Headquarters, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329; 
telephone (404) 636-8400; https://www.ashrae.org.
    (i) 2017 ASHRAE Handbook--Fundamentals, Chapter 26: Heat, Air, and 
Moisture Control in Building Assemblies--Material Properties, Inch 
Pound (I-P) Edition (Copyright 2017).
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (2) ASTM Int'l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West 
Conshocken, PA 19428-2959, 877-909-2786, www.astm.org/.
    (i) ASTM C 177-13, ``Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat 
Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the 
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus'' (published October 2013).
    (ii) ASTM C 518-17, ``Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal 
Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus'' 
(published July 2017).
    (iii) ASTM C 739-17, ``Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber 
Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation'' (published August 2017).
    (iv) ASTM C 1045-07 (Reapproved 2013), ``Standard Practice for 
Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State 
Conditions'' (published January 2014).
    (v) ASTM C 1114-06 (Reapproved 2013), ``Standard Test Method for 
Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-
Heater Apparatus'' (published January 2014).
    (vi) ASTM C 1149-17, ``Standard Specification for Self-Supported 
Spray Applied Cellulosic Thermal Insulation'' (published October 2017).
    (vii) ASTM C 1224-15, ``Standard Specification for Reflective 
Insulation for Building Applications'' (published November 2015).
    (viii) ASTM C 1363-11, ``Standard Test Method for Thermal 
Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a 
Hot Box Apparatus'' (published June 2011).
    (ix) ASTM C 1371-15, ``Standard Test Method for Determination of 
Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable 
Emissometers'' (published June 2015).
    (x) ASTM C 1374-14, ``Standard Test Method for Determination of 
Installed Thickness of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Building 
Insulation'' (published May 2014).
    (xi) ASTM E 408-13, ``Standard Test Methods for Total Normal 
Emittance of Surfaces Using Inspection-Meter Techniques'' (published 
June 2013).


Sec.  460.6  [Amended]

0
7. In Sec.  460.6, remove the words ``aluminum foil'' and add in their 
place the words ``reflective insulation.''


Sec.  460.7  [Removed and Reserved]

0
8. Remove and reserve Sec.  460.7.


Sec.  460.9  [Amended]

0
9. In Sec.  460.9(e), remove the words ``aluminum foil'' and 
``emissivity'' and add in their place the words ``reflective 
insulation'' and ``emittance,'' respectively.

0
10. In Sec.  460.12, revise paragraphs (b)(4) and (5) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  460.12   Labels.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) For reflective insulation: The number of sheets; the number and 
thickness of the air spaces; and the R-value provided by that system 
when the direction of heat flow is up, down, and horizontal. You can 
show the R-value for only one direction of heat flow if you clearly and 
conspicuously state that the insulation can only be used in that 
application.
    (5) For insulation materials with reflective facings, you must 
follow the rule in this section that applies to the material itself. 
For example, if you manufacture boardstock with a reflective facing, 
follow paragraph (b)(3) of this section. You can also show the R-value 
of the insulation when it is installed in conjunction with an air 
space. This is its ``system R-value.'' If you do this, you must clearly 
and conspicuously state the conditions under which the system R-value 
can be attained.
* * * * *

0
11. In Sec.  460.13:
0
a. Amend the introductory text by adding the phrase ``Each fact sheet 
must contain these items:'' at the end;
0
b. Remove the undesignated phrase ``Each fact sheet must contain these 
items:'' following the introductory text;
0
c. Revise paragraph (e); and
0
d. Add paragraph (f).
    The revision and addition read as follows:


Sec.  460.13  Fact sheets.

* * * * *
    (e) After the chart and any statement dealing with the specific 
type of insulation, ALL fact sheets must carry this statement, boxed, 
in 12-point type:

READ THIS BEFORE YOU BUY

What You Should Know About R-values

    The chart shows the R-value of this insulation. R means 
resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the 
insulating power. Compare insulation R-values before you buy.
    There are other factors to consider. The amount of insulation 
you need depends mainly on the climate you live in. Also, your fuel 
savings from insulation will depend upon the climate, the type and 
size of your house, the amount of insulation already in your house, 
your fuel use patterns and family size, proper installation of your 
insulation, and how tightly your house is sealed against air leaks. 
If you buy too much insulation, it will cost you more than what 
you'll save on fuel.

[[Page 20790]]

    To get the marked R-value, it is essential that this insulation 
be installed properly.
    (f) For R-19 insulation batts, the fact sheet must also disclose 
the insulation's R-value when installed in wall cavities where the 
insulation's thickness exceeds the depth of the cavity.

0
12. Revise Sec.  460.14 to read as follows:


Sec.  460.14   How retailers must handle labels and fact sheets.

    If you sell insulation to do-it-yourself customers, you must have 
fact sheets for the insulation products you sell. You must make the 
fact sheets available to your customers, whether you offer insulation 
products for sale offline or online. You can decide how to do this, as 
long as your insulation customers are likely to notice them. For 
example, you can put them in a display, and let customers take copies 
of them. You can keep them in a binder at a counter or service desk, 
and have a sign telling customers where the fact sheets are. You need 
not make the fact sheets available to customers if you display 
insulation packages on the sales floor where your insulation customers 
are likely to notice them and each individual insulation package 
offered for sale contains all package label and fact sheet disclosures 
required by Sec. Sec.  460.12 and 460.13. If you are offering products 
for sale online, the product labels and fact sheets required by this 
part, or a direct link to this information, must appear clearly and 
conspicuously and in close proximity to the covered product's price on 
each web page that contains a detailed description of the covered 
product and its price.


Sec.  460.17  [Amended]

0
13. In Sec.  460.17, remove the words ``aluminum foil'' and add in 
their place the words ``reflective insulation.''

0
14. In Sec.  460.18, revise paragraph (e) to read as follows:


Sec.  460.18   Insulation ads.

* * * * *
    (e) The affirmative disclosure requirements in this section do not 
apply to television or radio advertisements or to space-constrained 
advertisements. For the purposes of this part, ``space-constrained 
advertisement'' means any communication made through interactive media 
(such as the internet, online services, and software, including but not 
limited to internet search results and banner ads) that has space, 
format, size or technological limitations or restrictions that prevent 
industry members from making disclosures required by this part clearly 
and conspicuously. Industry members maintain the burden of showing that 
there is insufficient space to provide the disclosures that this part 
otherwise requires be made clearly and conspicuously.

0
15. In Sec.  460.19, revise paragraph (g) to read as follows:


Sec.  460.19   Savings claims.

* * * * *
    (g) The affirmative disclosure requirements in this section do not 
apply to television or radio advertisements or to space-constrained 
advertisements. ``Space-constrained advertisement'' is defined in Sec.  
460.18(e).


Sec.  Sec.  460.22 through 460.24   [Redesignated as Sec. Sec.  460.23 
through 460.25]

0
16. Redesignate Sec. Sec.  460.22 through 460.24 as Sec. Sec.  460.23 
through 460.25.

0
17. Add a new Sec.  460.22 to read as follows:


Sec.  460.22   R-value claims for non-insulation products.

    If you make an R-value claim for a product, other than a 
fenestration-related product, that is not home insulation and is 
marketed in whole or in part to reduce residential energy use by 
slowing heat flow, you must test the product pursuant to Sec.  460.5 
using a test or tests in that section appropriate to the product. Any 
advertised R-value claims must fairly reflect the results of those 
tests. For the purposes of this section, fenestration-related products 
include windows, doors, and skylights as well as attachments for those 
products.

Appendix to Part 460 [Designated as Appendix A to Part 460 and Amended]

0
18. Designate the appendix to part 460 as appendix A to part 460 and 
amend newly designated appendix A as follows:
0
a. In the introductory text:
0
i. Remove ``16 CFR part 460'' and ``part 460'' everywhere they appear 
and add in their place ``this part''.
0
ii. Remove ``below'' and add in its place ``in paragraphs (a) through 
(d) of this appendix''.
0
iii. Remove ``in the Federal Register cited at the end of each 
exemption'' and add in its place ``cited in the authority citation to 
this part''.
0
b. In paragraph (a), remove ``46 FR 22179 (1981).''
0
c. In paragraph (b), remove ``46 FR 22180 (1981).''
0
d. Redesignate paragraphs (c) introductory text and (c)(1) through (4) 
as paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(1)(i) through (iv), respectively.
0
e. Designate the undesignated paragraph following newly designated 
paragraph (c)(1)(iv) as paragraph (c)(2).
0
f. In newly designated paragraph (c)(2), remove ``48 FR 31192 (1983).''
0
g. Add paragraph (d).
    The addition reads as follows:

Appendix A to Part 460--Exemptions

* * * * *
    (d) The requirements in Sec. Sec.  460.6 through 460.21 do not 
apply to R-value claims covered by Sec.  460.22.

    By direction of the Commission.
April J. Tabor,
Acting Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2019-09622 Filed 5-10-19; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6750-01-P