[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 78 (Tuesday, April 23, 2019)]
[Notices]
[Pages 16862-16863]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-08146]


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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[30-Day-19-19BX]


Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act Review

    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, the Centers 
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has submitted the information 
collection request titled Understanding How Discounting Affects 
Decision Making and Adoption of Prevention Through Design Solutions to 
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval. CDC 
previously published a ``Proposed Data Collection Submitted for Public 
Comment and Recommendations'' notice on December 10, 2018 to obtain 
comments from the public and affected agencies. CDC received no 
comments related to the previous notice. This notice serves to allow an 
additional 30 days for public and affected agency comments.
    CDC will accept all comments for this proposed information 
collection project. The Office of Management and Budget is particularly 
interested in comments that:
    (a) Evaluate whether the proposed collection of information is 
necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency, 
including whether the information will have practical utility;
    (b) Evaluate the accuracy of the agencies estimate of the burden of 
the proposed collection of information, including the validity of the 
methodology and assumptions used;
    (c) Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to 
be collected;
    (d) Minimize the burden of the collection of information on those 
who are to respond, including, through the use of appropriate 
automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection 
techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting 
electronic submission of responses; and
    (e) Assess information collection costs.
    To request additional information on the proposed project or to 
obtain a copy of the information collection plan and instruments, call 
(404) 639-7570 or send an email to [email protected]. Direct written comments 
and/or suggestions regarding the items contained in this notice to the 
Attention: CDC Desk Officer, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th 
Street NW, Washington, DC 20503 or by fax to (202) 395-5806. Provide 
written comments within 30 days of notice publication.

Proposed Project

    Understanding How Discounting Affects Decision Making and Adoption 
of Prevention Through Design Solutions--New--National Institute for 
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and 
Prevention (CDC).

Background and Brief Description

    As mandated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Pub. 
L. 91-596), the mission of NIOSH is to conduct research and 
investigations on occupational safety and health. This project will 
focus on understanding the decision-making processes of small wholesale 
and small retail businesses in regards to the adoption of fall-
prevention solutions. Slips, trips, and falls are major sources of 
workplace injury across all industry sectors and represent a 
significant burden. In the wholesale and retail trade sectors, slips, 
trips, and falls account for 25% of all reported injuries. By 
definition, small businesses employ fewer numbers of people, therefore 
a slip, trip, or fall resulting in an injury is less likely to occur in 
any given establishment. Small business employers may underestimate the 
risks associated with occupational slips, trips, and falls because they 
have not experienced them and therefore do not take the necessary steps 
to prevent them.
    One of the best ways to prevent and control occupational injuries, 
illnesses, and fatalities is to ``design out'' or minimize hazards and 
risks. NIOSH's Prevention Through Design Initiative focuses on this 
concept through the inclusion of prevention considerations in all 
designs that impact workers. Although employers' decisions can lead to 
the successful implementation of Prevention Through Design, fall-
prevention solutions are not well understood. More information is 
needed to better understand the motivational, social, and 
organizational factors that affect employers' decisions to adopt fall-
prevention solutions. This project will combine traditional surveys 
with behavioral economic methodologies to understand the decision-
making processes related to the adoption of fall-prevention solutions. 
By using behavioral economic principles and methods, this study will 
pose hypothetical, but realistic, scenarios to small business employers 
to assess the influence of several factors on the patterns of 
decisions. One of the goals of the study is to assess the subjective 
value of fall-prevention solutions based on their costs and effort 
required to use them. To quantify the subjective value

[[Page 16863]]

of fall-prevention solutions, this project will use the behavioral 
economic principles to assess the trade-offs small business owners make 
among the cost of fall prevention solutions, the amount of effort 
require to assemble them, and the amount of time they take to assemble. 
One of the behavioral economic principles is discounting, in which the 
value of a product or outcome decreases as the cost, effort, or delay 
associated with it increases. For example, small-business owners may 
``discount'' the value of a fall-prevention solution if it requires 
great effort to assemble.
    The survey will include instruments to obtain demographic 
information (age, gender, income, etc.), organizational safety 
information (e.g., ``Has someone at your place of work ever been 
injured?''), and behavioral economic discounting assessments. For the 
behavioral economic questions in the survey, participants will be asked 
to make choices about hypothetical, but realistic, scenarios that 
assess the influence of several factors on the patterns of decision-
making. To date, no study has quantitatively assessed the safety-
related decision-making processes of small business employers from a 
behavioral economic perspective. Previous studies in this area consist 
of qualitative studies of some factors that affect occupational safety 
and health of small businesses. This study will address a knowledge gap 
in the professional and scientific literature by contributing 
quantitative data to a problem that has been overlooked. The results 
for this study are meant for theory development and are not intended to 
be nationally representative.
    The sample size for this survey will be 100 small business 
employers in the wholesale or retail trade sectors. This sample size is 
based on a power analysis which indicated that 100 respondents would be 
sufficient to detect any correlations between the organizational or 
demographic variables and the behavioral economic measures of decision 
making. Each web-based survey will take approximately 30 minutes to 
complete, resulting in an annualized burden estimate of 50 hours. There 
is no cost to respondents other than their time.

                                        Estimated Annualized Burden Hours
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                                                                                                      Average
                                                                     Number of       Number of      burden per
          Type of respondents                  Instrument           respondents    responses per   response  (in
                                                                                    respondent        hours)
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Small business employers..............  Discounting Survey......             100               1           30/60
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Jeffrey M. Zirger,
Lead, Information Collection Review Office, Office of Scientific 
Integrity, Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and 
Prevention.
[FR Doc. 2019-08146 Filed 4-22-19; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4163-18-P