[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 51 (Friday, March 15, 2019)]
[Notices]
[Pages 9497-9507]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-04897]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Patent and Trademark Office

[Docket No. PTO-P-2019-0005]


Notice Regarding a New Pilot Program Concerning Motion To Amend 
Practice and Procedures in Trial Proceedings Under the America Invents 
Act Before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board

AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Department of 
Commerce.

ACTION: Notice of pilot program.

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SUMMARY: The United States Patent and Trademark Office (``USPTO'' or 
``Office'') provides notice of a pilot program for motion to amend 
(``MTA'') practice and procedures in trial proceedings under the 
America Invents Act (``AIA'') before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board 
(``PTAB'' or ``Board''). In particular, a patent owner who files an MTA 
will have the ability to choose how that motion will proceed before the 
Board, including whether to request preliminary guidance from the Board 
on the MTA and whether to file a revised MTA. The Office previously 
published a notice requesting comments on proposed modifications to the 
current MTA practice and procedures. The Office has considered those 
comments and greatly appreciates the feedback. In view of the comments 
received, the Office has modified its prior proposal in certain 
respects as reflected in this notice, and will implement the MTA pilot 
program presented in this notice.

DATES: This pilot will begin on March 15, 2019.
    Applicability Date: This pilot program applies to all AIA trial 
proceedings instituted on or after the effective date.
    Duration: The USPTO anticipates it will reassess the MTA pilot 
program approximately one year from its effective date based on 
information obtained during the pilot program. The USPTO may terminate 
the pilot program at any time or continue the program (with or without 
modifications) depending on the feedback received during the course of 
the pilot program, and the effectiveness of the program.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Melissa Haapala, Acting Vice Chief 
Administrative Patent Judge, or Jessica Kaiser, Lead Administrative 
Patent Judge, by telephone at (571) 272-9797.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Preamble

    On October 29, 2018, the Office published a request for comments 
(``RFC'') on a proposed procedure for motions to amend filed in inter 
partes reviews, post-grant reviews, and covered business method patent 
reviews (collectively AIA trials) before the PTAB. The Office received 
49 comments in response to this RFC as of December 21, 2018 (the 
closing date for comments). The majority of comments supported the 
Office taking action in relation to MTA practice and procedures in AIA 
trials. Several comments suggested that the Office should reconsider 
the timelines of due dates presented in the initial RFC. Other comments 
suggested further revisions, discussed in greater detail below.
    This notice provides information relating to the pilot program for 
a new MTA practice in response to the stakeholder comments received. As 
discussed below, the pilot program provides a patent owner with two 
options not previously available. The first option is that a patent 
owner may choose to receive preliminary guidance from the Board on its 
MTA. The second option is that a patent owner may choose to file a 
revised MTA after receiving petitioner's opposition to the original MTA 
and/or after receiving the Board's preliminary guidance (if requested).
    In addition to these new options, the patent owner also will be 
able to pursue an MTA in effectively the same way as current practice. 
Specifically, if a patent owner does not elect either the option to 
receive preliminary guidance or the option to file a revised MTA, AIA 
trial practice, including MTA practice, is essentially unchanged from 
current practice, especially regarding the timing of due dates for 
already existing papers in an AIA trial. One exception is that times 
between due dates for certain later-filed papers will be extended 
slightly, as compared to the existing process. For example, rather than 
1 month, a patent owner will have 6 weeks to file a reply after 
receiving an opposition to its original MTA, and a petitioner will have 
6 weeks to file a sur-reply in response to that reply. See infra 
Appendix 1A (PO Reply Timeline). In addition, to align relevant due 
dates as done in current practice, a patent owner will have 6 weeks to 
file a sur-reply after receiving a reply in relation to the petition, 
regardless of whether patent owner files an MTA. Id.
    The first notable new feature of the program is that a patent owner 
may request, in its MTA, that the Board issue preliminary guidance on 
the MTA after a petitioner files an opposition to an MTA (or after the 
due date for the opposition, if none is filed). The preliminary 
guidance typically will be in the form of a short paper (although it 
may be oral guidance provided in a conference call, at the Board's 
discretion) that provides preliminary, non-binding guidance from the 
Board to the parties about the MTA. The Board's preliminary guidance 
will focus on the limitations added in the patent owner's MTA, and will 
not address the patentability of the originally challenged claims.
    With that in mind, the preliminary guidance will provide an initial 
discussion about whether there is a reasonable likelihood that the MTA 
meets statutory and regulatory requirements for an MTA. The preliminary 
guidance also will provide an initial discussion about whether 
petitioner (or the record then before the Office, including any 
opposition to the MTA and accompanying evidence) establishes a 
reasonable likelihood that the substitute claims are unpatentable. Many 
stakeholders who provided comments to the October 2018 Request for 
Comment on MTA Practice and Procedure on this topic indicated that they 
were in favor of the Board providing some kind of preliminary guidance 
of this nature. See Request for

[[Page 9498]]

Comments on MTA Practice and Procedures in Trial Proceedings Under the 
America Invents Act Before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, 83 FR 
54319 (Oct. 29, 2018) (hereinafter RFC or MTA RFC); see also Comments 
on Motion to Amend Practice and Procedures in AIA Trials, U.S. Patent & 
Trademark Office, https://go.usa.gov/xEXS2 (comments received by 
December 21, 2018, in response to the RFC) (last visited Mar. 11, 2019) 
(hereinafter PTAB RFC Comments website).
    The pilot program also allows a patent owner, after receiving 
petitioner's opposition to the original MTA and/or after receiving the 
Board's preliminary guidance (if requested), to choose to submit a 
revised MTA. Many stakeholders who provided comments to the RFC on this 
topic also indicated that they were in favor of a patent owner having 
an opportunity to file a revised MTA after receiving petitioner's 
opposition and preliminary guidance from the Board regarding its 
original MTA. See PTAB RFC Comments website.
    As discussed in the RFC, a revised MTA includes one or more new 
proposed substitute claims in place of previously presented substitute 
claims. A revised MTA also may include substitute claims, arguments, or 
evidence previously presented in the original MTA, but may not 
incorporate any material by reference from the original MTA. A revised 
MTA may provide new arguments and/or evidence as to why the revised MTA 
meets statutory and regulatory requirements for an MTA, as well as 
arguments and evidence relevant to the patentability of pending 
substitute claims. A revised MTA must provide amendments, arguments, 
and/or evidence in a manner that is responsive to issues raised in the 
preliminary guidance and/or petitioner's opposition to the MTA. A 
revised MTA may not include amendments, arguments, and/or evidence that 
are unrelated to issues raised in the preliminary guidance and/or 
petitioner's opposition to the MTA.
    If patent owner chooses to file a revised MTA, petitioner may file 
an opposition to the revised MTA and preliminary guidance (if 
requested). Patent owner may file a reply to the opposition to the 
revised MTA, and petitioner may file a corresponding sur-reply. Soon 
after patent owner files a revised MTA, the Board will issue a new 
scheduling order to accommodate the necessary additional briefing. See 
Appendix 1B (Revised MTA Timeline). Generally, the petitioner sur-reply 
relating to the revised MTA will be due 1 week before the oral hearing, 
and the oral hearing will take place about 9 weeks before the 12-month 
statutory deadline for a final written decision. Id. If a revised MTA 
is filed and substitute claims need to be addressed in the final 
written decision, then the final written decision will address only the 
substitute claims at issue in the revised MTA. In other words, newly 
added proposed substitute claims in the revised MTA must replace claims 
in the initial MTA.
    As noted above, if the patent owner does not elect to receive 
preliminary guidance or to file a revised MTA, the MTA practice and the 
overall trial schedule are essentially unchanged from the current 
practice (with the exceptions noted above). In addition, as a general 
matter, there will be no changes to a scheduling order during a trial 
to accommodate additional MTA briefing unless, and only after, patent 
owner chooses to file a revised MTA, which will occur, if at all, 
approximately 30 weeks (about 7 months) after institution.
    In view of those considerations, the effective date for the pilot 
program will be the publication date of this notice. A patent owner may 
use the pilot program, and therefore may choose to receive preliminary 
guidance from the Board on its MTA and/or to file a revised MTA, in any 
AIA case where the Board institutes a trial on or after the effective 
date. All cases that have been instituted prior to the effective date 
will proceed pursuant to the MTA practices and procedures in effect 
prior to the effective date. As noted in the RFC, the program is a 
``pilot'' in the sense that the Office may modify MTA procedures in 
response to feedback and experience with the program during and/or 
after the course of the pilot program. The Office always welcomes 
continued feedback from the public.

II. Background

A. Current MTA Practices and Procedures

    Under current MTA practices and procedures, patent owner's MTA is 
typically due about 3 months after a decision on institution (and on 
the same date as patent owner's response to the petition). Under 37 CFR 
42.121(a) and 42.221(a), a patent owner is authorized to file such a 
motion, but ``only after conferring with the Board.'' Thus, the Board 
encourages the parties to request a conference call prior to the due 
date for an MTA if such a motion is contemplated.
    Petitioner's opposition to the MTA is typically due about 3 months 
after the due date for the MTA (and on the same date as petitioner's 
reply to patent owner's response to the petition). Patent owner's reply 
to the opposition to the MTA is typically due about 1 month thereafter, 
and petitioner's sur-reply to the reply to the opposition to MTA is 
typically due about 1 month after the reply. Although additional MTAs 
cannot be filed without authorization, such motions may be authorized 
``when there is a good cause showing or a joint request of the 
petitioner and the patent owner to materially advance a settlement.'' 
37 CFR 42.121(c), 42.221(c); 35 U.S.C. 316(d)(3).
    Patent owner's MTA may be contingent on the unpatentability of the 
original claims or may be non-contingent. Parties may, and typically 
do, present arguments relating to an MTA and related subsequent papers 
at the oral hearing (e.g., 9 months after the decision to institute). 
The Board addresses an MTA in a final written decision. If the MTA is 
contingent, the final written decision addresses substitute claims only 
if corresponding original claims are found unpatentable.

B. Previous Feedback and Analysis of MTA Practices and Procedures

    In June 2014, the Office published a Request for Comments in the 
Federal Register that requested comments on the Board's practice 
regarding MTAs. See Request for Comments on Trial Proceedings Under the 
America Invents Act Before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, 79 FR 
36474 (June 27, 2014). Comments from the public (including bar 
associations, corporations, law firms, and individuals) regarding MTAs 
ranged from seeking no change to the Board's current practice, to 
proposals for the grant of all motions to amend that meet 35 U.S.C. 
316(d) statutory requirements without a review of patentability. Most 
comments focused on which party should bear the burden of proving the 
patentability or unpatentability of substitute claims proposed in an 
MTA, or on the scope of the prior art that must be discussed by a 
patent owner in its MTA. The feedback generally did not relate to the 
timing of MTAs or other aspects of Board procedure in considering such 
motions. The comments are available on the USPTO website: https://go.usa.gov/xXXF8.
    In August 2015, the Office solicited further input from the public 
on ``[w]hat modifications, if any, should be made to the Board's 
practice regarding motions to amend.'' See Proposed Amendments to the 
Rules of Practice for Trials Before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, 
80 FR 50720, 50722-25 (Aug. 20, 2015) (hereinafter Proposed Amendments 
to

[[Page 9499]]

the Rules). Once again, in relation to MTAs, most comments focused on 
which party should bear the burden of proof on the patentability of 
substitute claims proposed in an MTA. The comments are available on the 
USPTO website: https://go.usa.gov/x5SbK. In addition, a few comments 
suggested using examiners to review the patentability of proposed 
substitute claims. On balance, the Office decided at that time not to 
implement changes to the Board's MTA procedures through rulemaking, but 
reaffirmed its commitment to continue to evaluate the best way to 
improve the Board's practice. See Proposed Amendments to the Rules, 80 
FR at 50724-25; Amendments to the Rules of Practice for Trials Before 
the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, 81 FR 18750, 18755 (Apr. 1, 2016).
    In an effort to better understand the Board's MTA practice, the 
Board undertook in early 2016 a study to determine: (1) The number of 
MTAs that had been filed in AIA trials, both as a cumulative total and 
by fiscal year; (2) subsequent developments in each MTA (i.e., whether 
the motion was decided, rendered moot, withdrawn, or otherwise 
dismissed); (3) the number of MTAs requesting to substitute claims that 
were granted, granted-in-part, denied-in-part, and denied; and (4) the 
reasons the Board provided for denying entry of substitute claims. See 
MTA Study (Apr. 30, 2016), https://go.usa.gov/xXXyT; Data for 192 
Completed Trials with an MTA, https://go.usa.gov/xXXyZ (last visited 
Mar. 11, 2019). The Board continues to collect data on motions to 
amend, and has published on its website an update to the study through 
March 31, 2018. See https://go.usa.gov/xUJgB (last visited Mar. 11, 
2019).
    The Office continued to receive feedback from the public regarding 
the Board's current MTA practice, including some concerns regarding the 
grant rate of claim amendments in AIA trial proceedings. Thus, in 
October 2018, the Office published a Request for Comments in the 
Federal Register that requested written public comments on a proposed 
amendment procedure in AIA trials that would have involved the Board 
issuing a preliminary non-binding decision that provides information 
relevant to the merits of an MTA, and provides a patent owner with an 
opportunity to revise its MTA thereafter. RFC, 83 FR at 54322-23. The 
RFC stated that the ``goal of the proposed amendment process and pilot 
program is to provide an improved amendment practice in AIA trials in a 
manner that is fair and balanced for all parties and stakeholders.'' 
Id. at 54320.

C. October 2018 RFC

    As noted above, in the October 2018 RFC, the Office provided a 
proposed amendment procedure in AIA trials that included a preliminary 
non-binding decision by the Board on the merits of an MTA, and an 
opportunity for a patent owner to revise its MTA thereafter.\1\ See id. 
at 54319. Specifically, in that proposal, after a patent owner filed an 
MTA that proposed substitute claims, and a petitioner filed an 
opposition (if it so chose), the Board would present an initial 
evaluation of the parties' submissions in a preliminary decision. See 
id. at 54322. In particular, the Board's preliminary decision would 
provide information relating to whether the MTA meets the statutory 
requirements of 35 U.S.C. 316(d) or 326(d) and the regulatory 
requirements of 37 CFR 42.121 or 42.221, and information relating to 
the patentability of the proposed substitute claims. Id.
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    \1\ The RFC also sought comments as to whether the USPTO should 
engage in rulemaking to allocate the burden of persuasion when 
determining patentability of substitute claims as set forth in 
Western Digital Corp. v. SPEX Techs., Inc., Case IPR2018-00082 (PTAB 
Apr. 25, 2018) (Paper 13). RFC, 83 FR at 54320. The USPTO plans to 
address that portion of the RFC separately.
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    The RFC presented a timeline for the MTA proposal. See RFC, 83 FR 
at 54325, App. A1. According to that timeline, the patent owner would 
have had 1.5 months to file an MTA, and petitioner would have had 1.5 
months to file an opposition to the MTA (about half the time available 
under current procedures). The Board then would issue a preliminary 
decision, in every case involving an MTA, 1 month after the petitioner 
filed its opposition to the MTA. If the Board's preliminary decision 
indicated that the MTA was unlikely to be successful in whole or in 
part, the patent owner would have 1 month to file either a reply or a 
revised MTA. RFC, 83 FR at 54322-23. If the patent owner chose to file 
a reply, petitioner would have 1 month to file a sur-reply. Id. at 
54323. If patent owner chose instead to file a revised MTA, the parties 
could file three additional briefs, each 1 month apart (petitioner's 
opposition to the revised MTA, patent owner's reply, and petitioner's 
sur-reply). Id. If the patent owner chose not to file any paper, the 
petitioner could file a reply to the preliminary decision 2 weeks after 
the due date for patent owner to file a reply or revised MTA, and the 
patent owner could file a sur-reply 2 weeks thereafter. Id.
    In the RFC proposal, if the Board's preliminary decision indicated 
that the MTA was likely to succeed in its entirety, then petitioner 
would have 1 month after the preliminary decision to file a reply, and 
patent owner could file a sur-reply 1 month thereafter. Id.
    In all of the alternatives proposed in the RFC, the oral hearing 
would have been scheduled at 9.5 months after the decision on 
institution (about 2 weeks later in the trial than under current 
procedures). See RFC, 83 FR at 54325, App. A1.
    The RFC included a number of questions regarding the proposed 
amendment process and pilot program. RFC, 83 FR at 54324-35. Initially, 
the deadline to submit written comments was December 14, 2018, but the 
Office extended the deadline to December 21, 2018, in response to 
requests for such an extension from the public.
    As discussed below, the Office has carefully considered the 
comments received in response to the RFC. Based on those comments, the 
Office has revised the proposal in the RFC. The revised pilot program 
announced in this notice is discussed in detail below.

III. Pilot Program: Option To Receive Preliminary Guidance by the Board 
on an MTA and an Opportunity To Revise the MTA

    In the pilot program presented in this notice, the patent owner 
will have the opportunity to pursue an MTA in effectively the same way 
as current practice by not electing to either receive preliminary 
guidance or to file a revised MTA.
    Under the pilot program, if the patent owner requests preliminary 
guidance on its MTA, the Board will provide preliminary guidance on the 
MTA typically in the form of a short paper after petitioner files its 
opposition to the MTA (or after the due date for the opposition, if 
none is filed). The patent owner will then have an opportunity to 
revise its MTA after receiving the petitioner's opposition and/or the 
preliminary guidance from the Board (if requested). If the patent owner 
chooses to file a revised MTA, the board will revise its scheduling 
order. The timing for briefing related to the revised MTA typically 
will be the timing shown in Appendix 1B (Revised MTA Timeline).
    A revised MTA includes one or more new proposed substitute claims 
in place of previously presented substitute claims to address issues 
identified in the preliminary guidance and/or the petitioner's 
opposition. The presumption remains that only one substitute claim 
would be needed to replace each of the original substitute claims, 
absent a showing of need. 37 CFR 42.121(a)(3). A revised MTA may 
provide new arguments and/or evidence

[[Page 9500]]

as to why the revised MTA meets statutory and regulatory requirements 
for an MTA, as well as arguments and evidence relevant to the 
patentability of substitute claims pending in the revised MTA. A 
revised MTA must provide amendments, arguments, and/or evidence in a 
manner that is responsive to issues raised in the preliminary guidance 
and/or petitioner's opposition. A revised MTA may not include 
amendments, arguments, and/or evidence that are unrelated to issues 
raised in the preliminary guidance and/or petitioner's opposition to 
the MTA.
    If patent owner chooses to file a revised MTA, petitioner may file 
an opposition to the revised MTA and preliminary guidance (if 
requested). Before the oral hearing, the patent owner also may file a 
reply to an opposition to the revised MTA, and the petitioner may file 
a corresponding sur-reply. During the oral hearing itself, both parties 
may address points raised and evidence discussed in the preliminary 
guidance and as briefed by the parties.
    In response to petitioner's opposition to the MTA and/or the 
preliminary guidance (if requested), patent owner may take one of the 
following actions: (1) Reply to petitioner's opposition to the MTA and/
or the preliminary guidance (if requested); (2) file a revised MTA; or 
(3) take no action and file no paper regarding the MTA on the due date 
for patent owner's reply or a revised MTA after the Board issues 
preliminary guidance (if requested). Depending on the action taken by 
patent owner, the case will proceed as further described in detail 
below.

A. General Procedures in the Pilot Program

    In the pilot program, the filings of an MTA by patent owner and an 
opposition by petitioner to the MTA will proceed in substantially the 
same way as under current procedures. An MTA will be contingent on the 
unpatentability of the original claims unless the patent owner 
indicates otherwise or cancels the original claims.
    The scheduling order will set dates for an MTA and briefing related 
thereto. The Scheduling Order will set forth the schedule for the ``PO 
Reply Timeline'' depicted in Appendix 1A. In particular, an MTA (if one 
is filed) will be due 12 weeks after the date of an institution 
decision (and on the same due date as the patent owner response). 
Petitioner's opposition to the MTA will be due 12 weeks after the due 
date for the MTA (and on the same due date as the petitioner reply). 
Consistent with current practice, the scheduling order will specify 
generally that the parties may stipulate to move certain due dates, but 
may not stipulate to move the last due date before the oral hearing or 
the date of the oral hearing. See Trial Practice Guide Update, App. A 
at 26-27 (Aug. 2018), available at https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2018_Revised_Trial_Practice_Guide.pdf (last visited 
Mar. 11, 2019). In stipulating to move any due dates in the scheduling 
order, the parties must be cognizant that the Board requires 
approximately 4 weeks after the filing of an opposition to the MTA (or 
the due date for the opposition, if none is filed) for the Board to 
issue its preliminary guidance, if requested by patent owner.
    If the patent owner indicates in its MTA that it requests 
preliminary guidance from the Board on the MTA, the Board will issue 
preliminary, non-binding guidance about the MTA no later than 4 weeks 
after the due date for petitioner's opposition to the MTA. The Board's 
preliminary guidance will focus on the limitations added in the Patent 
Owner's motion to amend, and will not address the patentability of the 
originally challenged claims. With that in mind, the preliminary 
guidance typically will take the form of a short paper that provides an 
initial discussion about whether there is a reasonable likelihood that 
the MTA meets statutory and regulatory requirements for an MTA, and 
also provides an initial discussion about whether petitioner (or the 
record before the Office) establishes a reasonable likelihood that the 
substitute claims are unpatentable, based on the existing record, 
including any opposition to the MTA and accompanying evidence.
    To meet statutory and regulatory requirements, an MTA must, among 
other things: Propose a reasonable number of substitute claims; propose 
substitute claims that do not enlarge the scope of the claims of the 
challenged patent or introduce new subject matter; respond to a ground 
of unpatentability involved in the trial; and set forth written 
description support for each substitute claim. See 35 U.S.C. 316(d), 
326(d); 37 CFR 42.121, 42.221; see also Lectrosonics, Inc. v. Zaxcom, 
Inc., Case IPR2018-01129 (PTAB Feb. 25, 2019) (Paper 15) 
(precedential). Similar to an institution decision, preliminary 
guidance on an MTA during an AIA trial will not be binding on the 
Board, for example, when it renders a final written decision. The 
Board's preliminary guidance will not be a ``decision'' under 37 CFR 
42.71(d), and thus parties may not file a request for rehearing of the 
preliminary guidance. Because the preliminary guidance does not reflect 
final agency action, it is not judicially reviewable (either 
independently or in any appeal from a final written decision). See 
Chicago & Southern Air Lines v. Waterman S.S. Corp., 333 U.S. 103, 112-
113 (1948); 35 U.S.C. 319(a). Instead, the parties may choose to 
respond to the preliminary guidance using the options discussed below.
    Although preliminary guidance will not be binding on the Board's 
subsequent decisions or provide dispositive conclusions regarding MTA 
requirements or the patentability of substitute claims, it may provide 
information helpful to the parties. For example, the guidance may be 
helpful to patent owner as it determines whether and/or how to revise 
its MTA or to petitioner as it determines how to respond to a revised 
MTA, or to both parties as they determine how to respond to information 
discussed in the preliminary guidance.
    As noted above, following the petitioner's opposition to the MTA 
and/or based on the Board's preliminary guidance (if requested), the 
patent owner may choose to file a reply to the opposition to the MTA 
and/or preliminary guidance, file a revised MTA, or do nothing.
    Generally speaking, new evidence (including declarations) may be 
submitted with every paper in the MTA process, except a sur-reply. A 
sur-reply may only include cross-examination deposition transcripts as 
further discussed below. Once likely declarants are known, the parties 
should confer promptly as to dates for scheduling all depositions after 
the relevant papers are to be filed. Parties are expected to make their 
declarants available for such depositions promptly, and to make their 
attorneys available to take and defend such depositions; any 
unavailability will not be a reason to adjust the schedule for briefing 
on an MTA or revised MTA absent extraordinary circumstances. Again, it 
is incumbent upon the parties to work cooperatively to schedule 
depositions of their declarants. Thus, the Board strongly encourages 
the parties to meet and confer as soon as practicable (including before 
anticipated declarations are submitted, if possible) to coordinate 
schedules.

B. Patent Owner Files Reply to Petitioner Opposition to MTA

    In the pilot program, the patent owner may choose to file a reply 
to the petitioner's opposition to the MTA and preliminary guidance (if 
requested), instead of filing a revised MTA. See

[[Page 9501]]

Appendix 1A. The due date for filing the reply is 6 weeks after the due 
date for petitioner's opposition to the MTA. Patent owner's reply may 
respond to the Board's preliminary guidance (if requested) and to the 
petitioner's opposition to the MTA (if filed). A patent owner may file 
new evidence, including declarations, with its reply. If patent owner 
files a reply, typically no change to the scheduling order will be made 
during the trial on the basis that patent owner has filed an MTA (i.e., 
dates will remain as set forth in the scheduling order entered at the 
time of institution, shown in Appendix 1A).
    The due date for petitioner's sur-reply relating to the MTA will be 
6 weeks after the due date for patent owner's reply. As with all sur-
replies generally, petitioner's sur-reply in this context may not be 
accompanied by new evidence other than deposition transcripts of the 
cross-examination of any reply witness. The sur-reply may respond only 
to the preliminary guidance (if requested) and arguments made in the 
patent owner's reply brief, comment on reply declaration testimony, 
and/or point to cross-examination testimony. Petitioner's sur-reply 
shall be due on the same due date as motions to exclude (i.e., 
typically 6 weeks after the reply on the MTA is due).
    If patent owner chooses to file a reply, rather than a revised MTA, 
the oral hearing will typically be conducted approximately 9 months 
after the institution decision, as in the Board's current practice.

C. Patent Owner Files Revised MTA

    As an alternative to filing a reply as discussed above, a patent 
owner instead may decide to file a revised MTA after receiving 
petitioner's opposition and the Board's preliminary guidance (if 
requested). See Appendix 1B. The patent owner may file a revised MTA on 
the due date for such a filing (i.e., 6 weeks after the due date for 
petitioner's opposition to the MTA).
    A revised MTA includes one or more new proposed substitute claims 
in place of previously presented substitute claims, and may provide new 
arguments and/or evidence as to why the revised MTA meets statutory and 
regulatory requirements for an MTA, as well as arguments and evidence 
relevant to the patentability of pending substitute claims. A revised 
MTA also may include substitute claims, arguments, or evidence 
previously presented in the original MTA, but may not incorporate any 
material by reference from the original MTA. A revised MTA must provide 
amendments, arguments, and/or evidence in a manner that is responsive 
to issues raised in the preliminary guidance (if requested) or the 
petitioner's opposition to the MTA. A revised MTA may not include 
amendments, arguments, and/or evidence that are unrelated to issues 
raised in the preliminary guidance or the petitioner's opposition to 
the MTA.
    In addition to proposing further amendments to the proposed 
substitute claims, a revised MTA may maintain some proposed substitute 
claims from the original MTA and reply to the preliminary guidance or 
opposition to the MTA as to those proposed substitute claims. A revised 
MTA will be contingent on the unpatentability of original claims unless 
the patent owner indicates otherwise or cancels the original claims. As 
noted above, newly added proposed substitute claims in the revised MTA 
must replace claims in the initial MTA. In addition, a patent owner may 
not make the claims proposed in the revised MTA contingent on the 
unpatentability of the claims proposed in the original MTA. If a 
revised MTA is filed and substitute claims need to be addressed in the 
final written decision, then the final written decision will address 
only the substitute claims at issue in the revised MTA. The Board will 
consider the entirety of the record, including parties' arguments and 
cited evidence relevant to the motion to amend, before reaching a final 
written decision on the substitute claims proposed in the latest 
version of the motion to amend filed by the patent owner.
    By statute, the Board may allow additional motions to amend ``as 
permitted by regulations prescribed by the Director.'' 35 U.S.C. 
316(d)(2). Under currently prescribed regulations, the Board may 
authorize an additional MTA when, for example, ``there is a good cause 
showing.'' 37 CFR 42.121(c), 42.221(c). For purposes of the pilot 
program discussed in this notice, the issuance of the Board's 
preliminary guidance addressing the initial MTA and/or the filing of a 
petitioner's opposition to the initial MTA provides ``good cause'' to 
file a revised MTA under 37 CFR 42.121(c) and 42.221(c). Each of those 
papers provides ``good cause'' because they present information 
relevant to whether an MTA meets statutory and regulatory requirements 
and/or whether proposed substitute claims meet the patentability 
requirements under the Patent Act in light of prior art of record.
    Shortly after the patent owner files a revised MTA, the Board will 
issue a revised scheduling order to adjust the schedule, typically 
along the timeline shown in Appendix 1B (Revised MTA Timeline). The 
revised scheduling order will set the dates for petitioner's opposition 
to the revised MTA, patent owner's reply to the opposition to the 
revised MTA and motions to exclude, petitioner's sur-reply as to the 
revised MTA, and the oral hearing.
    Both the opposition and the reply may be accompanied by new 
evidence that responds to issues raised in the preliminary guidance, or 
in the corresponding revised MTA or opposition. Petitioner's opposition 
to the revised MTA typically will be due 6 weeks after the revised MTA. 
Patent owner's reply to the opposition to the revised MTA typically 
will be due 3 weeks after the opposition (i.e., 4 weeks before the oral 
hearing and 1 week before the due date for motions to exclude). 
Petitioner's sur-reply regarding the revised MTA typically will be due 
3 weeks after the reply (i.e., 1 week before the oral hearing). See 
Appendix 1B.
    As discussed above, once the likely declarants are known, the 
parties should confer as to dates for scheduling depositions after the 
relevant papers are filed. Parties are expected to make their 
declarants, and their attorneys, available for such depositions 
promptly, and any unavailability will not be a reason to adjust the 
schedule for briefing on a revised MTA absent extraordinary 
circumstances. For example, because subsequent responsive papers are 
due 3 weeks later, if the petitioner submits a declaration with its 
opposition to the revised MTA, or patent owner submits a declaration 
with its reply to the opposition to the revised MTA, the party should 
typically make such declarant available for deposition within 1 week 
after filing that declaration.
    Because patent owner's reply and petitioner's sur-reply as to a 
revised MTA are due near or after motions to exclude are due (see 
Appendix 1B), the parties might not have an opportunity to object to 
evidence submitted with the reply or sur-reply and file a motion to 
exclude such evidence before the oral hearing. See 37 CFR 42.64. Thus, 
if needed, a party may seek authorization to file a motion to exclude 
reply or sur-reply evidence after the oral hearing or may make an oral 
motion to exclude and argue such a motion at the oral hearing.
    In the pilot program, if patent owner files a revised MTA, the oral 
hearing typically will be conducted 10 months after the institution 
decision (9 weeks before the statutory deadline), and the Board will 
typically issue its final written decision in accordance with the

[[Page 9502]]

statutory deadline. That said, the Board may, in its sole discretion, 
extend the 12-month deadline for good cause, on a case-by-case basis 
and for the minimum amount of time necessary to adequately address the 
issues presented. See 37 CFR 42.100(c), 42.200(c).

D. Patent Owner Files No Paper After Petitioner Opposition to MTA and/
or Board Issues Preliminary Guidance (if Requested)

    A patent owner may choose not to file either a reply or a revised 
MTA on the deadline for doing so. In this situation, if the Board has 
not issued preliminary guidance, no further briefing is authorized. If 
the Board has issued preliminary guidance, the petitioner may file a 
reply to that guidance in accordance with the scheduling order 
(typically within 3 weeks after the deadline for patent owner to have 
filed a paper), and the patent owner may file a sur-reply in response 
(typically within 3 weeks after the petitioner's reply is filed). In 
this situation, neither the reply nor sur-reply may be accompanied by 
new evidence. The petitioner's reply may only respond to the 
preliminary guidance, and the patent owner's sur-reply may only respond 
to arguments made in the petitioner's reply.

E. Patent Owner Withdraws MTA

    A patent owner also may choose to withdraw its initial MTA. In this 
circumstance, no further briefing is authorized, and the Board will not 
address the MTA in a final written decision.

F. Examiner Assistance

    If the petitioner ceases to participate altogether in an AIA trial 
in which the patent owner files an MTA, and the Board nevertheless 
exercises its discretion to proceed with the trial thereafter, the 
Board may, in its discretion, solicit patent examiner assistance 
regarding the MTA. Although the Board will consider the specific facts 
of each AIA trial, the Board generally does not anticipate proceeding 
in an AIA trial without petitioner involvement, absent a request from 
the patent owner to address its MTA. If solicited by the Board, the 
assistance, e.g., by an examiner in the Central Reexamination Unit 
(``CRU''), could include the preparation of an advisory report that 
provides an initial discussion about whether an MTA meets certain 
statutory and regulatory requirements (i.e., whether the amendment 
enlarges the scope of the claims of the patent or introduces new 
matter), as well as the patentability of proposed substitute claims, 
for example, in light of prior art that was provided by the patent 
owner and/or obtained in prior art searches by the examiner.

IV. Responses to the Request for Comments

    As of December 21, 2018 (the closing date for comments), the Office 
received a total of 49 comments in response to the October 2018 RFC 
from intellectual property organizations, trade organizations, other 
organizations, and individuals. A substantial number of comments were 
submitted on behalf of healthcare industries and organizations and on 
behalf of electronic and computer industries and organizations. 
Commenters addressed a variety of different topics, but a significant 
number of both supporting and opposing commenters indicated concerns 
with the short time periods between due dates for different papers in 
the MTA procedure timeline proposed in the October 2018 RFC.
    The Office appreciates the thoughtful comments, and has considered 
and analyzed the comments thoroughly. All of the comments are posted on 
the PTAB RFC Comments website. See https://go.usa.gov/xEXS2. The Office 
provides below a summary of some of the more common comments, and the 
Office's response thereto. The Office carefully considered all of the 
comments to the RFC when developing the pilot program presented in this 
notice.

Timeline

    Comment 1: As noted above, a large number of comments, whether 
supportive of the proposal in the MTA RFC or not, indicated concerns 
with the time periods between due dates for different papers in that 
proposal. See RFC, 83 FR at 54325, App. A1 (presenting a proposed 
timeline). In particular, commenters were concerned that the times 
between due dates for filing papers were too short, and would be overly 
burdensome and increase costs to all parties. Commenters noted that the 
proposed short time periods between due dates would make it difficult 
to adequately draft and respond to papers. For example, commenters had 
concerns that patent owners would not have enough time to draft 
meaningful claim amendments at the start of the process, and 
petitioners would not have enough time after an MTA to develop reasons 
for unpatentability of proposed substitute claims, including by 
conducting prior art searches. Commenters were also concerned that the 
short time periods between due dates would hinder the parties' ability 
to discover and gather evidence. A number of commenters suggested 
modifications to the timeline in the proposal.
    Response: The Office understands these concerns and has modified 
the proposal in the MTA RFC to provide parties more time to prepare 
filings and evidence. For example, the timeframes between the due dates 
for papers in the pilot program presented in this notice have been 
expanded from the proposed times in the prior RFC, with one minor 
exception. See Appendices 1A and 1B. In addition, the timeframes for 
many early papers filed in the pilot program are now essentially the 
same as current MTA practice. In making these revisions, the Office 
considered alternative proposals suggested by commenters, as well as 
current MTA practice. As a specific example of how the timeline has 
been modified in the pilot in this notice, the due date for patent 
owner's MTA (12 weeks from the Board's decision to institute) and the 
due date for petitioner's corresponding opposition to the MTA (12 weeks 
from patent owner's MTA) have been extended from 1.5 months proposed in 
the MTA RFC. Additionally, due dates for those papers now are 
essentially the same as those as in current MTA practice.
    Further, in a case in which the patent owner does not file a 
revised MTA, the time for patent owner's reply to the opposition to the 
MTA and the time for petitioner's corresponding sur-reply both have 
been extended to 6 weeks (as compared to 1 month in the RFC). Where 
patent owner files a revised MTA, the due date to file patent owner's 
revised MTA and the due date for petitioner's corresponding opposition 
both have been extended to 6 weeks (as compared to 1 month). Although 
the time for filing a reply and sur-reply regarding a revised MTA has 
been decreased to 3 weeks (from 1 month in the RFC), the Office 
anticipates that this small decrease still allows sufficient time 
because of the limited scope of this briefing.
    Comment 2 (cross-examination of declarants): The MTA RFC proposed 
that all cross-examinations, i.e., depositions, of witnesses in 
relation to direct testimony (provided in declarations) pertaining to 
an MTA occur after the Board issued preliminary guidance on an MTA. 
Some commenters indicated concerns with not allowing depositions of 
witnesses prior to the Board issuing a preliminary decision, and also 
concerns with the timing of depositions generally in the RFC proposal. 
A number of commenters had specific concerns about whether the proposed 
timeline provided sufficient

[[Page 9503]]

time to conduct depositions. These commenters suggested that scheduling 
of depositions often requires a long lead-time, and that testimonial 
evidence may be important in drafting an MTA and the opposition to the 
MTA.
    Response: As discussed above, the pilot program's adjusted timeline 
increases time between filings, and gives more time for depositions and 
related fact-development. Furthermore, the adjusted timelines coincide 
with substantive briefing on the petition, and so facilitate obtaining 
witness testimony for both MTA related papers and the underlying 
proceeding. The pilot program allows parties to present testimony in 
almost all MTA related filings, other than sur-replies. Thus, parties 
may, and will have sufficient time to, conduct depositions of witnesses 
prior to the Board issuing preliminary guidance, similarly to how 
parties conduct depositions under the current practice.
    The pilot program emphasizes, however, that the parties should 
schedule the depositions of likely declarants as soon as possible to 
facilitate timely acquiring of cross-examination testimony prior to the 
next filing. For example, as noted above, because subsequent responsive 
papers are due 3 weeks later, if the petitioner submits a declaration 
with its opposition to a revised MTA, or patent owner submits a 
declaration with its reply to an opposition to a revised MTA, the party 
should typically make such declarant available for deposition within 1 
week after filing that declaration.
    As explained previously, the parties should meet and confer as soon 
as practicable to confirm deposition scheduling. Parties are expected 
to make their declarants promptly available for such depositions, and 
to make their attorneys available to take and defend such depositions; 
any unavailability will not be a reason to adjust the schedule for 
briefing on an MTA or revised MTA absent extraordinary circumstances. 
Again, it is incumbent upon the parties to work cooperatively to 
schedule depositions of their declarants. Thus, the Board strongly 
encourages the parties to meet and confer as soon as practicable 
(including before anticipated declarations are submitted, if possible) 
to coordinate schedules.
    Comment 3: Some commenters expressed concerns regarding the 
discrepancy in time between MTA filings and filings in the underlying 
proceeding relating to the petition in the proposed timeline in the 
RFC. Those commenters suggested that the discrepancy could adversely 
affect parties' cases and create inefficiency because MTA filings and 
underlying proceeding filings may address the same or similar issues. A 
commenter noted that petitioner's opposition to the MTA may make 
arguments or advocate for claim constructions that create 
inconsistencies with petitioner's reply in the underlying proceeding. 
For example, patent owner's MTA may address a subset of issues that 
eventually also would be addressed in patent owner's response to the 
petition (e.g., overlapping arguments responding to unpatentability 
arguments in the petition), but the petitioner's opposition to the MTA 
must address these arguments without the benefit of seeing all of 
patent owner's arguments in the patent owner's response. Similarly, 
under the timeline proposed in the RFC, the patent owner must file its 
revised MTA or reply to petitioner's opposition to the MTA without 
first seeing petitioner's arguments on unpatentability in the 
petitioner's reply to the petition.
    Response: The Office appreciates this feedback and modifies the 
timing of filed papers in the pilot program in response to this 
comment, among others. In order for parties to efficiently address all 
issues with fully-developed arguments, most due dates in the pilot 
program relating to an MTA coincide with filing due dates for 
substantive briefing related to the underlying petition. See Appendices 
1A and 1B. Thus, as in current MTA practice, the pilot program 
coordinates the due dates for many relevant papers in the trial. In 
particular, patent owner's MTA is due at the same time as patent 
owner's response to the petition, petitioner's opposition to the MTA is 
due at the same time as petitioner's reply in support of the petition, 
and patent owner's revised MTA or reply to the opposition to the MTA is 
due at the same time as patent owner's sur-reply to the petition.
    Comment 4: Many commenters addressed the use of ``good cause'' 
extensions for a final written decision in cases involving MTAs as 
presented in the RFC, both supporting and opposing the use of such 
extension. See 37 CFR 42.100(c), 42.200(c). Some commenters favored 
routine extensions of the statutory deadline of 12 months in order to 
increase the times between due dates for filing papers, suggesting that 
the MTA itself provides a good cause basis for the extension. Other 
commenters disfavored such routine extensions and were concerned that 
routine extensions would be contrary to the expedited nature of AIA 
proceedings, would make it less likely for co-pending district court 
litigation to be stayed during AIA trials, and could be used for 
gamesmanship unrelated to the merits of the amendments.
    Response: As discussed above, the adjusted timeline in the pilot 
program presented herein provides more time for the parties to prepare 
their MTA filings within the 12-month statutory deadline, and generally 
alleviates a need to extend this deadline. Thus, the Office does not 
anticipate extending the 12-month statutory deadline merely because a 
case involves an MTA (revised or otherwise) and related subsequent 
briefing and discovery (e.g., depositions of declarants). That said, 
the Board may, in its sole discretion, extend the 12-month deadline for 
good cause, on a case-by-case basis and for the minimum amount of time 
necessary to adequately address the issues presented. See 37 CFR 
42.100(c), 42.200(c).

Retroactivity

    Comment 5: Multiple commenters indicated concerns if the Office 
decided to implement the MTA RFC pilot program retroactively to apply 
to already-filed petitions. Some commenters were concerned that 
petitioners would be unfairly prejudiced because petitions were filed 
assuming the current MTA practice would apply, but proceedings would 
commence under a different MTA procedure. Some commenters suggested 
that retroactively applying the pilot program to all proceedings would 
be a violation of the Administrative Procedure Act (``APA'').
    Response: As noted above, the effective date of the pilot will be 
the publication date of this notice, and the new pilot program will be 
available only for AIA trial proceedings that are instituted on or 
after the effective date. This effective date does not prejudice either 
party unfairly because, among other things: (1) Patent owners may still 
proceed, if they choose, with a process that is essentially the same as 
the existing MTA process; (2) the timeline for filed papers for both 
parties is extended, as compared to the timeline presented in the RFC, 
e.g., for an opposition to MTA; (3) as a general matter, there will be 
no changes to a scheduling order during a trial to accommodate 
additional MTA briefing unless, and only after, patent owner files a 
revised MTA, which will occur, if at all, approximately 30 weeks (about 
7 months) after institution; (4) patent owners will need to designate 
whether they request preliminary guidance from the Board approximately 
12 weeks (about 3 months) after institution, and only if they choose to 
file an MTA, i.e.,

[[Page 9504]]

therefore, at the earliest, about 3 months after the effective date of 
the pilot program; and (5) existing rules already provided for 
circumstances in which patent owners could file an additional MTA (37 
CFR 42.121(c) and 42.221(c)).

Preliminary Guidance

    Comment 6: Commenters largely favored the Board issuing a 
preliminary decision of some kind in cases in which an MTA is filed. 
Commenters noted that an understanding of the Board's preliminary 
assessment of an MTA gives both parties helpful information. For 
example, such information could aid patent owners in deciding whether 
to file a revised MTA. Further, such information could help inform both 
parties' evaluation as to settlement. There was concern, however, that 
automatically issuing a preliminary decision in every case with an MTA 
could dissuade settlement in some circumstances.
    Response: Under the pilot program presented herein, the patent 
owner may request, in its initial MTA, that the Board provide 
preliminary guidance on the MTA. Thus, the Board will provide 
preliminary guidance only if a patent owner requests it.
    Comment 7: Commenters expressed varying preferences on the content 
of the preliminary decision on an MTA. In particular, some commenters 
suggested the preliminary decision should be limited to whether the MTA 
meets statutory and regulatory requirements, while other commenters 
suggested that the preliminary decision should be more extensive and 
address patentability. Commenters advocating for more extensive 
preliminary decisions suggested including analysis of claim 
construction, compliance with 35 U.S.C. 101 and 112, fact-finding, 
legal conclusions, analysis of parties' arguments, prior art 
discussion, or suggestions to overcome patentability concerns. Some 
commenters were concerned with the increased burden preliminary 
decisions would place on the Board. Some commenters also expressed 
concern that a preliminary decision might address issues relevant to 
the original claims without the benefit of the parties' full briefing 
on those claims. Overall, however, a majority of commenters addressing 
the issue indicated support for preliminary guidance by the Board in 
some form.
    Response: As discussed above, the Board will issue preliminary 
guidance if the patent owner requests it. The Board will present that 
guidance in the form of a short paper (although it may be oral guidance 
provided in a conference call, at the Board's discretion) that provides 
preliminary, non-binding information to the parties about the MTA. The 
Board's preliminary guidance will focus on the limitations added in the 
patent owner's MTA, and will not address the patentability of the 
originally challenged claims.
    With that in mind, the preliminary guidance will likely be 
relatively brief and provide an initial discussion about whether there 
is a reasonable likelihood that the MTA meets statutory and regulatory 
requirements for an MTA. The preliminary guidance also will provide an 
initial discussion about whether petitioner (or the record before the 
Office) establishes a reasonable likelihood that that the substitute 
claims are unpatentable, based on the existing record, including any 
opposition to the MTA and accompanying evidence. The Board's guidance 
on an MTA during an AIA trial necessarily would be preliminary in 
nature and would not be binding on the Board, for example, when it 
renders a final written decision.

Opportunity To File Revised MTA

    Comment 8: Commenters were almost evenly mixed in their support of 
or opposition to providing patent owners an opportunity to file a 
revised MTA. Commenters supporting revised MTAs believed that they 
offered a fair chance for a patent owner to capture patentable subject 
matter, especially after the patent owner understood the Board's 
preliminary views of the patentability of proposed substitute claims in 
the MTA or on compliance with statutory or regulatory requirements for 
the MTA. Commenters opposing revised MTAs were concerned that: The 
process could be used solely for tactical advantage, e.g., to increase 
the cost or delay proceedings; patent owners would not file their most 
substantive claim amendments until filing a revised MTA; and revised 
MTAs would not increase the quality of MTAs or the number of granted 
MTAs because patent owners would not choose to propose substantial 
claim amendments in AIA trials for reasons independent of Board 
procedures (e.g., based on concerns relating to intervening rights and 
infringement damages). Some commenters expressed concern that allowing 
a revised MTA in every case reads out the requirement for a showing of 
``good cause'' in 37 CFR 42.121(c) and 42.221(c). Furthermore, some 
commenters suggested alternative claim amendment procedures, such as 
multiple rounds of claim amendments and multiple sets of alternative 
claim amendments filed concurrently, similar to European Patent Office 
procedure.
    Response: The Office appreciates these comments. As noted above, 
the pilot program discussed herein provides patent owners with an 
opportunity to file a revised MTA. The Office is persuaded by comments 
indicating that this option provides a fair opportunity for patent 
owners to amend claims in AIA trials in situations where they wish to 
do so. The Office additionally notes that the process in the pilot 
program is essentially the same as existing practice unless the patent 
owner files a revised MTA, in which case each side generally will have 
to file one additional round of papers. Based on information available 
at this time, the Office determines that costs associated with 
providing this option, if any, are balanced by furthering an important 
mission of the Office to provide fair procedures in AIA trials, 
including a meaningful opportunity for patent owners to amend their 
claims during AIA trials in order to receive appropriately-scoped 
claims. The Office finds at this time that the pilot program balances 
the various interests and concerns identified by the comments.
    In addition, the revised motion to amend is not a second motion to 
amend per se, but rather a revised version of the initially-filed 
motion to amend. For purposes of the pilot program, to the extent that 
a revised motion to amend is deemed to be a second motion to amend, 
however, the filing of an opposition to an initial MTA by a petitioner, 
or the issuance of preliminary guidance by the Board, provides ``a good 
cause showing'' for purposes of the filing of a revised MTA under 37 
CFR 42.121(c) and 42.221(c). The Office determines that each of those 
papers provides ``good cause'' because they present information 
relevant to whether an MTA meets statutory and regulatory requirements 
and/or whether proposed substitute claims meet the patentability 
requirements under the Patent Act in light of prior art of record.
    As noted previously, the program is a ``pilot'' in the sense that 
the Office may modify MTA procedures in response to feedback and 
experience with the program during and/or after the course of the pilot 
program. If concerns expressed in the comments, such as using the 
program solely for tactical advantage, are realized, the Office may 
modify, terminate, or otherwise alter the pilot program in view of 
actual experience. The Office always welcomes feedback from the public 
on all aspects of the pilot, including during or after the course of 
this program.

[[Page 9505]]

Contingent Motions To Amend

    Comment 9: Commenters were almost evenly mixed on whether MTAs 
should be contingent, i.e., the Board provides a final decision on the 
patentability of a proposed substitute claim only if it determines that 
a corresponding original claim is unpatentable, or non-contingent, 
i.e., the Board provides a final decision on the patentability of 
substitute claims in place of determining the patentability of 
corresponding original claims. Some commenters favored every MTA being 
contingent, while other commenters favored every MTA being non-
contingent. Some commenters favored a mixed-approach in which patent 
owners opting-out of the pilot may file contingent MTAs, while patent 
owners proceeding under the pilot program may file only non-contingent 
MTAs. The commenters favoring a mixed approach believed that treatment 
of MTAs as non-contingent under the pilot represented a fair trade-off 
for the proposal in the MTA RFC and would also decrease the Board's 
burden under that proposal.
    Response: The Office appreciates the comments. Under the pilot 
program, consistent with current practice, patent owners may continue 
to choose whether MTAs (both initial and revised) are contingent or 
non-contingent. As noted above, patent owners may still proceed, if 
they choose, with a process that is essentially the same as the 
existing MTA process, e.g., regarding the general timing of due dates 
and costs associated with filing papers and evidence. In addition, 
although a patent owner has an option to file a revised MTA, that 
filing triggers deadlines for subsequent related papers that are 
extended compared to deadlines in the timeline proposed in the RFC. 
Based on information available at this time, the Office is persuaded by 
concerns that if the pilot program required MTAs to be non-contingent, 
it might inappropriately deter patent owners from filing MTAs on that 
basis alone.
    As noted above, the program is a ``pilot'' in the sense that the 
Office may modify MTA procedures in response to feedback and experience 
with the program during and/or after the course of the pilot program. 
If it appears, in view of actual experience, that there are sufficient 
reasons for requiring MTAs to be non-contingent, the Office may revisit 
this issue and modify the pilot program accordingly. The Office always 
welcomes feedback from the public on all aspects of the pilot, 
including during or after the course of this program.

Opt-Out

    Comment 10: Many commenters favored some form of opting-out of the 
pilot program. Some commenters believed it should be solely the patent 
owner's choice to opt-out, while others believed that both the patent 
owner and the petitioner must agree to opt-out of the pilot program. 
Some commenters suggested that allowing parties to opt-out would save 
Board resources. Some commenters also suggested that, without an opt-
out option, the program would not actually be a pilot because it would 
apply to every proceeding with an MTA, potentially creating a problem 
under the APA by effectively changing the MTA process completely 
without formal rulemaking.
    Response: As discussed in detail above, the pilot program is the 
same as current MTA practice in many ways, especially regarding the 
timing of due dates for already existing papers in an AIA trial. Patent 
owners also may choose to proceed with a process that is essentially 
the same as the existing MTA process by electing not to obtain 
preliminary guidance from the Board or to file a revised MTA. Thus, 
with minimal exceptions, current MTA practice is available unchanged, 
and now further includes additional available options with the pilot 
program.

Amendments Through Reissue or Reexamination

    Comment 11: In response to the October 2018 RFC, the Office 
received a number of comments and questions relating to reissue or 
reexamination as an alternative vehicle for claim amendments. The 
comments included requests for clarification regarding existing reissue 
and reexamination procedures at the Office.
    Response: In response to these comments and questions, in a future 
notice, the Office will separately provide information regarding 
existing reissue and reexamination options for patent owners, including 
procedures for options after a petitioner files an AIA petition 
challenging claims of the same patent, after the Board institutes a 
trial, and after the Board issues a final written decision.

    Dated: March 12, 2019.
Andrei Iancu,
Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of 
the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
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