[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 44 (Wednesday, March 6, 2019)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 8188-8234]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-03848]



[[Page 8187]]

Vol. 84

Wednesday,

No. 44

March 6, 2019

Part III





Department of the Treasury





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Internal Revenue Service





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26 CFR Part 1





Deduction for Foreign-Derived Intangible Income and Global Intangible 
Low-Taxed Income; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 84 , No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 2019 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 8188]]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Internal Revenue Service

26 CFR Part 1

[REG-104464-18]
RIN 1545-BO55


Deduction for Foreign-Derived Intangible Income and Global 
Intangible Low-Taxed Income

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: This document contains proposed regulations that provide 
guidance to determine the amount of the deduction for foreign-derived 
intangible income and global intangible low-taxed income. This document 
also contains proposed regulations coordinating the deduction for 
foreign-derived intangible income and global intangible low-taxed 
income with other provisions in the Internal Revenue Code.

DATES: Written or electronic comments and requests for a public hearing 
must be received by May 6, 2019.

ADDRESSES: Send submissions to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-104464-18), Room 
5203, Internal Revenue Service, P.O. Box 7604, Ben Franklin Station, 
Washington, DC 20044. Submissions may be hand-delivered Monday through 
Friday between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-
104464-18), Courier's Desk, Internal Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution 
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20224. Alternatively, taxpayers may submit 
comments electronically via the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov (REG-104464-18).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Concerning proposed Sec. Sec.  
1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6, 1.962-1, 1.6038-2, 1.6038-3, and 
1.6038A-2, Kenneth Jeruchim at (202) 317-6939; concerning proposed 
Sec. Sec.  1.1502-12, 1.1502-13 and 1.1502-50, Michelle A. Monroy at 
(202) 317-5363 or Austin Diamond-Jones at (202) 317-6847; concerning 
submissions of comments and requests for a public hearing, Regina L. 
Johnson, (202) 317-6901 (not toll free numbers).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    This document contains proposed amendments to 26 CFR part 1 under 
sections 250, 962, 1502, 6038, and 6038A (``proposed regulations''). 
Section 14202(a) of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Public Law 115-97 (2017) 
(the ``Act''), added section 250 to the Internal Revenue Code (the 
``Code'').\1\ The new section provides a domestic corporation with a 
deduction (``section 250 deduction'') for its foreign-derived 
intangible income (``FDII'') and its global intangible low-taxed income 
(``GILTI'') and the amount treated as a dividend under section 78 which 
is attributable to its GILTI. Section 14202(c) of the Act provides that 
section 250 and the conforming amendments in section 14202(b) apply to 
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
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    \1\ Except as otherwise stated, all section references in this 
preamble are to the Internal Revenue Code.
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    Section 14201(a) of the Act (codified in section 951A) requires a 
United States shareholder (``U.S. shareholder'') of any controlled 
foreign corporation (``CFC'') for any taxable year to include in gross 
income the shareholder's GILTI for the year. The Department of the 
Treasury (``Treasury Department'') and the IRS published a separate 
notice of proposed rulemaking that provides guidance to U.S. 
shareholders on how to determine the amount of GILTI to include in 
gross income. See 83 FR 51072 (Oct. 10, 2018).
    Section 14302(a) of the Act also added a new foreign tax credit 
category for foreign branch income (defined in section 904(d)(2)(J)), 
which is cross-referenced in section 250(b)(3)(A)(i)(VI). The Treasury 
Department and the IRS published a separate notice of proposed 
rulemaking that provides rules for determining a corporation's foreign 
branch income for purposes of section 904. See 83 FR 63200 (Dec. 7, 
2018).

Explanation of Provisions

I. Overview of Proposed Regulations

    In general, income earned directly by a U.S. person on foreign 
business income is subject to U.S. tax on a current basis. Before the 
Act, foreign business income earned indirectly by a U.S. person through 
a foreign corporation was not generally subject to U.S. tax until such 
income was distributed as a dividend to the U.S. person. Certain anti-
deferral regimes could cause the U.S. owner to be taxed on a current 
basis in the United States regardless of whether the income had been 
distributed as a dividend to the U.S. owner. Sections 951 through 965 
of the Code (generally referred to as the ``subpart F'' provisions), 
applicable to certain passive and mobile categories of income earned by 
CFCs, is the main anti-deferral regime of relevance to U.S.-based 
corporate groups. However, because subpart F does not generally apply 
to active foreign business income of a CFC (as defined in section 
957(a)), U.S. shareholders before the Act could indefinitely defer U.S. 
taxation with respect to their foreign business income--in particular, 
mobile income arising from the exploitation of intangible property--by 
allocating such income to its CFCs operating in low- or zero-tax 
jurisdictions. This system of deferral, in turn, resulted in a ``lock-
out effect,'' whereby U.S. shareholders that had allocated income to 
CFCs formed in low- or zero-tax jurisdictions could not repatriate such 
income to the United States without incurring significant U.S. tax.
    In order to facilitate the efficient redeployment of foreign 
earnings in the United States, the Act established a participation 
exemption system under which certain earnings of a foreign corporation 
can be repatriated to a corporate U.S. shareholder without U.S. tax. 
See section 14101(a) of the Act and section 245A. However, Congress 
recognized that, without any base protection measures, the 
participation exemption system could further incentivize taxpayers to 
allocate intangible income to CFCs formed in low- or zero-tax 
jurisdictions because the earnings related to such intangible income 
could now be repatriated to the United States without incurring any 
U.S. tax. See Senate Committee on the Budget, 115th Cong., 
``Reconciliation Recommendations Pursuant to H. Con. Res. 71,'' at 370 
(Comm. Print 2017) (``Senate Explanation''). Therefore, Congress 
enacted section 951A, which subjects a U.S. shareholder's ``global 
intangible low-taxed income'' or ``GILTI'' (a new term created by the 
Act) derived through its CFCs to U.S. tax on a current basis, similar 
to the taxation of such CFCs' subpart F income under section 
951(a)(1)(A).
    Most member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation 
and Development (``OECD'') provide a full or partial (e.g., 95 percent) 
participation exemption with respect to income of foreign subsidiaries 
distributed to domestic shareholders. See OECD (2018), Tax Policy 
Reforms 2018: OECD and Selected Partner Economies, at 73, OECD 
Publishing, Paris (Sept. 2018). While some countries also have CFC 
inclusion regimes similar to subpart F that subject certain narrow 
classes of income of foreign subsidiaries to current tax in the home 
country, many countries do not subject active foreign business income 
of foreign subsidiaries to current tax. Congress recognized that taxing 
such income at the full U.S. corporate tax rate could hurt the 
competitive position of U.S. corporations relative to their foreign 
peers, and therefore determined that GILTI earned by such corporations

[[Page 8189]]

should be subject to a reduced effective U.S. tax rate. See Senate 
Explanation, at 370. Accordingly, Congress enacted section 250, which 
provides corporate U.S. shareholders a deduction of 50 percent for 
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 
2026, with respect to their GILTI, and the amount treated as a dividend 
under section 78 which is attributable to their GILTI (``section 78 
gross-up''). In contrast, a domestic corporation's inclusion of its 
CFCs' subpart F income is not eligible for the section 250 deduction, 
and is therefore generally subject to U.S. tax at the full corporate 
rate.
    After the Act, income earned directly by a domestic corporation is 
subject to a 21 percent rate. Absent a deduction with respect to 
intangible income attributable to foreign market activity earned 
directly by a domestic corporation, the lower effective tax rate 
applicable to GILTI by reason of the section 250 deduction would 
perpetuate the pre-Act incentive for domestic corporations to allocate 
intangible income to CFCs formed in low- or zero-tax jurisdictions. 
Therefore, to neutralize the effect of providing a lower U.S. effective 
tax rate with respect to the active earnings of a CFC of a domestic 
corporation through a deduction for GILTI, section 250 provides a lower 
effective U.S. tax rate with respect to ``foreign-derived intangible 
income'' or ``FDII'' (a new term created by the Act) earned directly by 
the domestic corporation through a deduction of 37.5 percent for 
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 
2026. The result of the section 250 deduction for both GILTI and FDII 
is to help neutralize the role that tax considerations play when a 
domestic corporation chooses the location of intangible income 
attributable to foreign-market activity, that is, whether to earn such 
income through its U.S.-based operations or through its CFCs.
    The proposed regulations provide guidance for determining the 
amount of the section 250 deduction allowed to a domestic corporation 
for its FDII and GILTI. Proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1 provides rules for 
determining the amount of the deduction, including rules for applying 
the taxable income limitation of section 250(a)(2). Proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-1 provides general rules for computing a domestic 
corporation's FDII. Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-2 provides rules for 
determining a domestic corporation's qualified business asset 
investment (``QBAI''), which is a component of the computation of FDII. 
Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3 provides general rules for determining gross 
income included in gross foreign-derived deduction eligible income 
(``gross FDDEI''), which is a component of the computation of FDII. 
Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4 provides rules for determining gross FDDEI 
from sales of property. Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5 provides rules for 
determining gross FDDEI from the provision of a service. Proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-6 provides rules relating to the sale of property or the 
provision of a service to a related party.

II. Amount of Deduction Allowed Under Section 250(a)

    Proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1 provides general rules to determine the 
amount of a domestic corporation's section 250 deduction and associated 
definitions that apply for purposes of the proposed regulations. The 
section 250 deduction is available only to domestic corporations. See 
section 250(a)(1) and proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(b)(1). For this 
purpose, the term ``domestic corporation'' has the meaning set forth in 
section 7701(a)--an association, joint-stock company, or insurance 
company created or organized in the United States or under the law of 
the United States or of any State--but does not include a regulated 
investment company (as defined in section 851), a real estate 
investment trust (as defined in section 856), or an S corporation (as 
defined in section 1361). See proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(c)(1). The 
section 250 deduction is not available to individuals except in certain 
cases where an individual makes an election under section 962. See part 
IV of this Explanation of Provisions section for more information about 
that provision.
    As discussed in part I of this Explanation of Provisions section, 
the deduction under section 250 is generally intended to reduce the 
effective rate of U.S. income tax on FDII and GILTI in order to help 
neutralize the role that tax considerations play when a domestic 
corporation chooses the location of intangible income attributable to 
foreign-market activity. There is no indication that Congress intended 
the section 250 deduction to reduce the effective rate of tax imposed 
by non-income tax provisions outside of chapter 1 of the Internal 
Revenue Code. Accordingly, for purposes of the excise tax imposed by 
section 4940(a), the proposed regulations provide that a section 250 
deduction is not treated as an ordinary and necessary expense paid or 
incurred for the production or collection of gross investment income 
within the meaning of section 4940(c)(3)(A). See proposed Sec.  
1.250(a)-1(b)(4).
    The section 250 deduction is subject to a taxable income 
limitation. If, for any taxable year, the sum of a domestic 
corporation's FDII and GILTI exceeds its taxable income, the excess is 
allocated pro rata to reduce the corporation's FDII and GILTI solely 
for purposes of computing the amount of the section 250 deduction. See 
section 250(a)(2) and proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(b)(2). For this 
purpose, a domestic corporation's taxable income is determined without 
regard to the section 250 deduction. See section 250(a)(2)(A)(ii) and 
proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(c)(4). The Code does not otherwise define 
``taxable income'' for purposes of applying the taxable income 
limitation of section 250(a)(2).
    In general, a taxpayer's taxable income is based, in part, upon the 
availability, and proper calculation, of deductions. However, multiple 
Code provisions simultaneously limit the availability of a deduction 
based, directly or indirectly, upon a taxpayer's taxable income, 
including sections 163(j)(1) (limiting a deduction for business 
interest) and 172(a)(2) (limiting a net operating loss deduction). 
Sections 163(j)(2) and 172(b) also provide that any deduction not 
allowed to a taxpayer for a taxable year by reason of the limitation in 
section 163(j)(1) or 172(a)(2), respectively, may be allowed to the 
taxpayer, subject to the same limitation, in its succeeding taxable 
year. A taxpayer's net operating loss for a taxable year is determined 
without regard to the section 250 deduction (see section 172(d)(9)), 
and a taxpayer's adjusted taxable income is determined without regard 
to section 172. See section 163(j)(8)(A)(iii). However, neither section 
163(j) nor section 250 prescribes an ordering rule with respect to the 
other provision.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS considered proposing 
computations requiring the use of simultaneous equations in lieu of an 
ordering rule but determined that an approach that requires such 
computations would result in undue administrative and compliance 
burdens. Therefore, the proposed regulations provide an ordering rule 
for applying sections 163(j) and 172 in conjunction with section 250 
that the Treasury Department and the IRS have determined is consistent 
with the statutory language for each provision. Specifically, the 
proposed regulations provide that a domestic corporation's taxable 
income for purposes of applying the taxable income limitation of 
section 250(a)(2) is determined after all of the corporation's other 
deductions are taken into account. See proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(c)(4). 
Accordingly, a domestic

[[Page 8190]]

corporation's taxable income for purposes of section 250(a)(2) is its 
taxable income determined without regard to section 250, but taking 
into account the application of sections 163(j) and 172(a), including 
amounts permitted to be carried forward to such taxable year by reason 
of sections 163(j)(2) and 172(b).
    Proposed regulations issued under section 163(j) provide guidance 
on the interaction of sections 163(j) and 250 that the Treasury 
Department and the IRS consider to be consistent with these proposed 
regulations under section 250. See 83 FR 67490 (Dec. 28, 2018). 
Specifically, the proposed regulations under section 163(j) provide 
that, for purposes of determining the limitation under section 163(j), 
a deduction under section 250(a)(1) that is properly allocable to a 
non-excepted trade or business is taken into account in determining a 
taxpayer's taxable income and thus its adjusted taxable income. See 
proposed Sec.  1.163(j)-1(b)(37)(ii). However, for this purpose, the 
taxpayer's deduction under section 250(a)(1) is determined without 
regard to the limitations under sections 250(a)(2) and 163(j). See id.
    As a result of these proposed regulations under section 250 and the 
proposed regulations under section 163(j), a domestic corporation's 
allowable business interest under section 163(j), its net operating 
loss deduction under section 172(a), and its section 250 deduction are 
determined in the following manner: First, a domestic corporation 
computes the tentative amount of its FDII and the tentative amount of 
its section 250 deduction (``tentative section 250 deduction'') taking 
into account all deductions, but without regard to any carryforwards or 
disallowances under section 163(j), the amount of any net operating 
loss deduction under section 172(a), or the taxable income limitation 
of section 250(a)(2) and proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(b)(2). Second, the 
corporation computes the amount of its business interest allowed after 
the application of section 163(j), for this purpose taking into account 
the amount of its tentative section 250 deduction but without regard to 
the amount of any net operating loss deduction under section 172(a). 
See section 163(j)(8)(A)(iii) and proposed Sec.  1.163(j)-1(b)(1)(i)(B) 
and (b)(37)(ii). Third, the corporation computes the amount of its net 
operating loss deduction under section 172(a), for this purpose taking 
into account the amount of its business interest allowed after 
application of section 163(j) and the taxable income limitation of 
section 172(a)(2), but without regard to the amount of its section 250 
deduction (including its tentative section 250 deduction). See section 
172(d)(9). Fourth, the corporation computes the amount of its FDII, for 
this purpose taking into account the amount of its business interest 
allowed after application of section 163(j) and the amount of its net 
operating loss deduction under section 172(a) (determined in steps two 
and three, respectively). See part III(A)(2) of this Explanation of 
Provisions section for a discussion on the allocation of deductions to 
gross DEI and gross FDDEI. Fifth, the corporation computes the amount 
of its section 250 deduction after the application of the taxable 
income limitation of section 250(a)(2) and proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-
1(b)(2), for this purpose taking into account the amount of its 
business interest allowed after application of section 163(j) and the 
amount of its net operating loss deduction under section 172(a). See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(f)(2) (Example 2), which illustrates the 
interaction of sections 163(j), 172, and 250.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on the 
proposed ordering rule, as well as how the section 250 deduction should 
be accounted for in determining adjusted taxable income at the 
partnership level under section 163(j)(4)(A).

III. Determination of FDII

A. General Computational Rules
1. In General
    A domestic corporation's FDII is the corporation's deemed 
intangible income (``DII'') multiplied by the corporation's foreign-
derived ratio. Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(b). A domestic corporation's 
DII is the excess (if any) of the corporation's deduction eligible 
income (``DEI'') over its deemed tangible income return (``DTIR''). 
Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(3). A domestic corporation's DTIR is 10 
percent of the corporation's QBAI. Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(4). The 
foreign-derived ratio is the domestic corporation's ratio of foreign-
derived deduction eligible income (``FDDEI'') to DEI. Proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(13).
2. Determination of DEI and FDDEI
    A domestic corporation's DEI is the excess of its gross income 
without regard to certain excluded items (``gross DEI'') over the 
deductions properly allocable to gross DEI. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(2). Gross DEI excludes six categories of gross income: 
any amount included in gross income under section 951(a), GILTI, 
financial services income, dividends from CFCs, domestic oil and gas 
extraction income, and foreign branch income. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(14). The proposed regulations clarify that, for this 
purpose, a dividend includes any amount treated as a dividend under any 
other provision of subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code, including 
the section 78 gross-up attributable to inclusions under sections 
951(a) and 951A(a). See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(5). In addition, 
the proposed regulations define foreign branch income by reference to 
proposed Sec.  1.904-4(f), except that it also includes the sale, 
directly or indirectly, of any asset (other than stock) that produces 
gross income attributable to a foreign branch, including by reason of 
the sale of a disregarded entity or partnership interest. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(11). The result is that income from the sale of any 
such asset is not included in gross DEI.
    For purposes of calculating the foreign-derived ratio, FDDEI is the 
excess of gross FDDEI over deductions properly allocable to gross 
FDDEI. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(12). The proposed regulations 
define gross FDDEI as the portion of a corporation's gross DEI that is 
derived from all of its ``FDDEI sales'' and ``FDDEI services'' 
(collectively, ``FDDEI transactions''). See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(8), (9), (10), and (15). The determination of whether a sale of 
property or a provision of a service is a FDDEI sale or a FDDEI 
service, respectively, is made under the provisions of proposed 
Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-3 through 1.250(b)-6. See part III(B) through (F) 
of this Explanation of Provisions section. The portion of a 
corporation's gross DEI that is not gross FDDEI is referred to as gross 
non-FDDEI. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(16). Therefore, all income 
included in gross DEI is included in either gross FDDEI or gross non-
FDDEI, and all income included in either gross FDDEI or gross non-FDDEI 
is included in gross DEI.
    In the case of property produced or acquired for resale, gross 
income is generally determined by subtracting cost of goods sold from 
gross sales receipts. In determining the amount of gross income 
included in gross DEI or gross FDDEI, cost of goods sold is attributed 
to gross receipts with respect to gross DEI and gross FDDEI using any 
reasonable method. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(d)(1). The proposed 
regulations clarify that cost of goods sold that is associated with 
activities undertaken in an earlier taxable year cannot be segregated 
into component costs and attributed disproportionately to amounts 
excluded from gross FDDEI or to amounts excluded from gross DEI. See 
id. This is similar to the

[[Page 8191]]

clarification in proposed Sec.  1.199-4(b)(2)(iii)(A) and is intended 
to preclude a method that attributes cost of goods sold of an inventory 
item to gross receipts other than gross receipts included in the 
computation of gross DEI or gross FDDEI if the gross receipts from the 
sale of that item are included in the computation of amounts included 
in the computation of gross DEI or gross FDDEI, respectively. See 80 FR 
51978, 51990 (Aug. 27, 2015). The Treasury Department and the IRS 
request comments on whether there are alternative approaches for 
dealing with timing issues, and whether additional rules should be 
provided for attributing cost of goods sold in determining gross DEI 
and gross FDDEI. Cf. Sec.  1.199-4(b)(2) through (6).
    Section 250(b)(3)(A) defines DEI as the excess of a domestic 
corporation's gross income (excluding certain items) over ``the 
deductions (including taxes) properly allocable to such gross income.'' 
FDDEI is defined as ``any deduction eligible income'' of the taxpayer 
generated through foreign-market sales and services. See section 
250(b)(4). Therefore, a taxpayer's deductions that are ``properly 
allocable'' to gross DEI and gross FDDEI must be determined for 
purposes of calculating its DEI and FDDEI. The statute does not specify 
how deductions should be allocated for purposes of determining DEI and 
FDDEI. However, the rules set forth in Sec. Sec.  1.861-8 through 
1.861-14T and 1.861-17 apply for purposes of several other provisions 
in the Code which require the determination of taxable income from 
specific sources or activities, for example, for purposes of 
determining the foreign tax credit limitation under section 904 or 
qualified production activities income under former section 199. See 
generally Sec. Sec.  1.199-4 and 1.861-8(f)(1). Accordingly, the 
proposed regulations provide that the rules set forth in Sec. Sec.  
1.861-8 through 1.861-14T and 1.861-17 apply for purposes of 
determining DEI and FDDEI. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(d)(2)(i). In 
order to avoid circularity, in applying those rules for purposes of 
determining DEI and FDDEI, the section 250 deduction is not treated as 
giving rise to exempt income or assets. See proposed Sec.  1.861-
8(d)(2)(ii)(C)(4). Comments are requested on whether alternative 
approaches should be considered or additional rules are needed for 
purposes of allocating and apportioning a net operating loss deduction 
to gross DEI and gross FDDEI.
    In certain circumstances, as a result of expense apportionment or 
attribution of cost of goods sold, a domestic corporation's FDDEI could 
exceed its DEI. For example, a domestic corporation could have $80x of 
DEI and $100x of FDDEI, with losses attributable to domestic market 
sales accounting for the $20x difference between DEI and FDDEI. 
However, it would be inconsistent with the statutory language to treat 
a domestic corporation as having a foreign-derived ratio in excess of 
one, and therefore FDII in excess of DII. In particular, section 
250(b)(4) defines FDDEI as a subset of DEI, that is, ``any deduction 
eligible income of such taxpayer which is derived in connection with'' 
certain transactions. Therefore, the proposed regulations clarify that 
the foreign-derived ratio cannot exceed one. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(13).
3. Treatment of Partnerships
    Section 250(a)(1) allows a deduction to a domestic corporation, but 
does not provide any rules for domestic corporations that are partners 
in a partnership. However, the conference report accompanying the Act 
(``Conference Report'') suggests that Congress intended that a domestic 
corporate partner of a partnership receive the benefit of a section 250 
deduction for its FDII and GILTI. See H. Rept. 115-466, at 623, fn. 
1517 (2017) (Conf. Rep.) (``The Committee intends that the deduction 
allowed by new Code section 250 be treated as exempting the deducted 
income from tax. Thus, for example, the deduction for global intangible 
low-taxed income could give rise to an increase in a domestic corporate 
partner's basis in a domestic partnership under section 
705(a)(1)(B).'').
    The proposed regulations give effect to this legislative intent by 
adopting an aggregate approach to partnerships for determining a 
domestic corporate partner's FDII attributable to the income and assets 
of a partnership. Specifically, the proposed regulations provide that a 
domestic corporate partner of a partnership takes into account its 
distributive share of a partnership's gross DEI, gross FDDEI, and 
deductions in order to calculate the partner's FDII. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(e)(1). In addition, for purposes of determining a domestic 
corporate partner's DTIR, a domestic corporation's QBAI is increased by 
its share of the partnership's adjusted basis in partnership specified 
tangible property. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-2(g).
    Under the proposed regulations, the section 250 deduction is 
computed and allowed solely at the level of a domestic corporate 
partner. The Conference Report in footnote 1517 suggests that the 
section 250 deduction could give rise to an increase in a domestic 
corporate partner's basis in a domestic partnership under section 
705(a)(1)(B) because some of the partnership's income may be treated as 
exempt income by reason of section 250. However, regardless of whether 
the deduction gives rise to exempt income in other contexts, because 
the section 250 deduction is computed and allowed solely at the level 
of a domestic corporate partner, the section 250 deduction does not 
exempt the deducted income from tax for purposes of applying section 
705(a)(1)(B). As a result, a basis adjustment to a domestic corporate 
partner's interest in a domestic partnership is not appropriate to 
account for a section 250 deduction.
4. Treatment of Tax-Exempt Corporations
    A domestic corporation that is subject to the unrelated business 
income tax under section 511 may claim a section 250 deduction. 
However, the proposed regulations clarify that such corporation's FDII 
for this purpose is determined only with respect to the corporation's 
items of income, gain, deduction, or loss, and adjusted bases in 
property, that are taken into account in computing its unrelated 
business taxable income. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(g). The proposed 
regulations also clarify how a tax-exempt corporation subject to the 
unrelated business income tax under section 511 computes the dual use 
ratio with respect to property used in the production of gross DEI and 
income that is not gross DEI for purposes of determining its QBAI. See 
id.
5. Determination of QBAI
    Section 250(b)(2)(B) provides that QBAI for purposes of section 250 
is defined under section 951A(d), and is determined by substituting 
``deduction eligible income'' for ``tested income'' and without regard 
to whether the corporation is a CFC. Accordingly, the determination of 
QBAI for purposes of FDII is similar to the determination of QBAI for 
purposes of GILTI. Compare proposed Sec.  1.951A-3 with proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-2. A domestic corporation's QBAI for FDII is equal to its 
aggregate average adjusted bases in specified tangible property, which 
is defined as tangible property used in the production of gross DEI. 
See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-2(b) and (c). The proposed regulations also 
provide rules for dual use property, calculating QBAI in a short 
taxable year, and calculating a domestic corporate partner's share of 
partnership QBAI. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-2(d), (f), and (g).

[[Page 8192]]

    In order to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of QBAI, the 
proposed regulations disregard certain transfers of specified tangible 
property by a domestic corporation to a related party where the 
corporation continues to use the property in production of gross DEI. 
See sections 250(c) and 951A(d)(4). Specifically, for purposes of 
calculating a domestic corporation's QBAI, the proposed regulations 
disregard a transfer of specified tangible property by the domestic 
corporation to a related party (whose QBAI would not be taken into 
account in calculating the corporation's DTIR) if, within a two-year 
period beginning one year before the transfer, the domestic corporation 
(or a related party whose QBAI would be taken into account in 
calculating the corporation's DTIR) leases the same or substantially 
similar property from a related party and such transfer and lease occur 
pursuant to a principal purpose of reducing the domestic corporation's 
DTIR. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-2(h)(1) and (h)(4)(i) through (iv). A 
transfer and lease described in the preceding sentence is treated per 
se as occurring pursuant to a principal purpose of reducing a domestic 
corporation's DTIR if both the transfer and the lease occur within the 
same six-month period. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-2(h)(3). If the 
anti-avoidance rule applies, the domestic corporation that transferred 
the property is treated as owning such property from the later of the 
beginning of the term of the lease or date of the transfer until the 
earlier of the end of the term of the lease or the end of the recovery 
period of the transferred property. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
2(h)(1).
    The anti-avoidance rule does not apply to a transfer to and lease 
from an unrelated party, unless the transfer to and lease from the 
unrelated party is pursuant to a structured arrangement. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-2(h)(2). A structured arrangement exists only if either 
a reduction in the domestic corporation's DTIR is a material factor in 
the pricing of the arrangement with the transferee or, based on all the 
facts and circumstances, the reduction in the domestic corporation's 
DTIR is a principal purpose of the arrangement. See id. The proposed 
regulations provide a non-inclusive list of facts and circumstances 
indicating that a principal purpose of an arrangement is the reduction 
of DTIR. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-2(h)(2)(ii)(A) through (D). The 
Treasury Department and the IRS welcome comments on alternative 
approaches to identifying a structured arrangement involving unrelated 
parties.
    No inference is intended regarding the application of any other 
Code section or judicial doctrine that may apply to affect the 
determination of FDII and its components.
B. General Rules for FDDEI Transactions
1. Definitions of Sale, Foreign Person, and United States
    Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3 provides rules relevant to determining 
whether a sale of property is a FDDEI sale and whether a provision of a 
service is a FDDEI service.
    Section 250(b)(5)(E) provides that for purposes of section 250(b), 
the term ``sale'' includes any lease, license, exchange, or other 
disposition. Accordingly, for purposes of determining whether a sale of 
property is a FDDEI sale, the proposed regulations define ``sale'' to 
include a lease, license, exchange, or other disposition of property, 
including a transfer of property resulting in gain or an income 
inclusion under section 367. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(7).
    The proposed regulations define a foreign person as a person that 
is not a United States person, which includes a foreign government or 
international organization for purposes of the proposed regulations. 
See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(2). A United States person (``U.S. 
person'') has the same meaning as under section 7701(a)(30), except 
that an individual that is a bona fide resident of a U.S. territory 
within the meaning of section 937(a) is excluded. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-3(b)(10). While corporations formed in U.S. territories are 
generally treated as foreign corporations, under section 7701(a)(30), 
U.S. persons include all U.S. citizens or residents, regardless of 
whether they reside in a U.S. territory. However, a bona fide resident 
of a U.S. territory is generally exempt from U.S. tax on income sourced 
in that territory. See sections 931(a), 932(c)(4), 933(1), and 935. 
Therefore, to prevent the disparate treatment of sales to entities in a 
U.S. territory (potentially qualifying as a FDDEI sale) and sales to 
individuals in a U.S. territory (not qualifying as a FDDEI sale), the 
proposed regulations exclude bona fide residents of a U.S. territory 
from the definition of U.S. person.
    A partnership is generally a ``person'' for purposes of the Code. 
See section 7701(a)(1). Accordingly, in determining whether a sale of 
property to or by a partnership qualifies as a FDDEI sale, or the 
provision of a service to or by a partnership qualifies as a FDDEI 
service, the proposed regulations treat a partnership as a person. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(g). Therefore, for example, a sale of 
property to a foreign partnership for a foreign use may constitute a 
FDDEI sale because such sale is to a foreign person, whereas a sale of 
property to a domestic partnership, even if for a foreign use, will not 
constitute a FDDEI sale because such sale is to a domestic person. The 
Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on whether there are 
circumstances where it would be appropriate to treat a partnership as 
an aggregate of its partners for purposes of determining whether a sale 
of property or a provision of a service to a partnership is a sale or 
service to a foreign person.
    The proposed regulations provide that the term ``United States'' 
generally has the meaning described in section 7701(a)(9). See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(9). However, with respect to mines, oil and gas 
wells, and other natural deposits, the term United States includes 
certain seabed and subsoil of submarine areas adjacent to the 
territorial waters of the United States, as described in section 
638(1). See id.
2. Foreign Military Sales
    The Treasury Department and the IRS recognize that the statute is 
unclear as to whether a sale of property or the provision of a service 
to the U.S. government for resale or on-service to a foreign government 
under the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2751 
et seq.), may qualify for the section 250 deduction. In general, the 
Arms Export Control Act governs the export of certain sales and 
services to foreign governments. Under the Arms Export Control Act, a 
seller or service provider provides sales or services to the U.S. 
government that are for the ultimate benefit of a foreign government. 
The concern is that such sale or service to the U.S. government 
governed by the Arms Export Control Act is not a sale to a ``person who 
is not a United States person'' within the meaning of section 
250(b)(4)(A) or a service to a ``person not located within the United 
States'' within the meaning of section 250(b)(4)(B), notwithstanding 
that such a sale or service is ultimately provided to the foreign 
government.
    The proposed regulations provide that, for purposes of section 250, 
a sale of property or the provision of a service to the U.S. government 
under the Arms Export Control Act of 1976 is treated as a sale of 
property or provision of a service to a foreign government. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(c). See part I(D)(3) of the Special Analyses 
section for additional discussion regarding the analysis for the 
adoption of this rule. As

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discussed in part III(B)(1) of this Explanation of Provisions section, 
a foreign government or international organization is a foreign person 
for purposes of section 250 and the proposed regulations. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(2). Therefore, a sale of property or provision of a 
service to the U.S. government under the Arms Export Control Act may 
qualify as a FDDEI transaction if the other requirements under proposed 
Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-3 through 1.250(b)-6 are satisfied. To the extent 
other requirements under proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-3 through 
1.250(b)-6 are not satisfied, a sale or service will not qualify as a 
FDDEI transaction regardless of whether such sale or service is 
pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS have not currently identified 
readily available documentation sufficient to demonstrate that a 
particular sale or service was made pursuant to the Arms Export Control 
Act. Comments are requested on whether final regulations should provide 
guidance on how taxpayers can demonstrate that a sale or service has 
been made pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act.
3. Knowledge and Reason To Know
    As discussed in part III(C) of this Explanation of Provisions 
section, the proposed regulations provide that a sale of property 
qualifies as a FDDEI sale only if the seller or renderer does not know 
or have reason to know that the recipient is not a foreign person or 
that the property will not be for a foreign use. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-4(c), (d), and (e). In addition, as discussed in part III(D) 
of this Explanation of Provisions section, the proposed regulations 
provide that the provision of a general service (as defined in proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-5(c)(4)) qualifies as a FDDEI service only if the 
renderer of the service does not know or have reason to know that the 
recipient is located within the United States. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(d)(1) and (e)(1). The terms ``know'' and ``reason to know'' 
are used throughout the Code and Treasury regulations. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS request comments regarding whether definitions 
of ``know'' and ``reason to know'' are necessary for purposes of the 
section 250 regulations.
4. Reliability of Documentation
    In order for a transaction to constitute a FDDEI transaction, the 
proposed regulations prescribe different types of documentation that 
are required to be obtained for each type of transaction. For example, 
in the case of a sale of property, the seller must obtain documentation 
that establishes the recipient's status as a foreign person. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2). See parts III(C) and III(D) of this 
Explanation of Provisions section for an explanation of the 
documentation requirements in these proposed regulations; see also part 
II of the Special Analyses section for a discussion of the Paperwork 
Reduction Act.
    The proposed regulations provide that, for any documentation 
described in the proposed regulations to be relied upon, the seller or 
renderer must obtain the documentation by the FDII filing date, the 
documentation must be obtained no earlier than one year before the sale 
or service, and the seller or renderer must not know or have reason to 
know that the documentation is incorrect or unreliable. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d); see also proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(1) (defining 
the term ``FDII filing date''). For this purpose, a seller or renderer 
has reason to know that documentation is unreliable or incorrect if its 
knowledge of all the relevant facts or statements contained in the 
documentation is such that a reasonably prudent person in the position 
of the seller or renderer would question the accuracy of the 
documentation. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d)(1).
    The Treasury Department and the IRS welcome comments on the 
documentation requirements in the proposed regulations.
5. Transactions Consisting of Both Sales and Services
    Under section 250(b)(4) and (5) and these proposed regulations, the 
criteria for establishing that a transaction is foreign-derived is 
different for sales and services. For example, a transaction with a 
U.S. person that is located outside of the United States may qualify as 
a FDDEI service, but cannot qualify as a FDDEI sale. Because a 
transaction might include elements of both a sale and a service, the 
proposed regulations clarify that a transaction is classified according 
to the overall predominant character of the transaction. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-3(e). For example, a sale of equipment that includes 
incidental support services from the seller at no additional cost would 
be classified as a sale, and therefore the provisions of proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-4 would apply to determine whether gross income from the 
transaction is included in gross FDDEI.
6. Special Rule for Certain Loss Transactions
    A domestic corporation's FDDEI includes all gross income included 
in gross DEI that is derived from FDDEI sales and FDDEI services in a 
taxable year, reduced by the amount of deductions properly allocable to 
such income. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(12) and part III(A)(2) of 
this Explanation of Provisions section. In most cases, a FDDEI sale or 
FDDEI service will increase a domestic corporation's section 250 
deduction, because the income from such sale or service will increase 
the corporation's FDDEI and thus its foreign-derived ratio. However, in 
some cases, a FDDEI sale or a FDDEI service could have the effect of 
reducing FDDEI and thus a domestic corporation's section 250 deduction 
for the year. This could happen where, for instance, the domestic 
corporation's cost of goods sold attributed to property sold in a FDDEI 
sale exceeds its gross receipts from the sale, or the expenses 
allocated to the gross income from a FDDEI sale or FDDEI service exceed 
the gross income arising from the sale or service. In such a case, 
absent a rule to the contrary, a domestic corporation could 
intentionally fail to satisfy the documentation requirements with 
respect to a transaction that would otherwise qualify as a FDDEI sale 
or FDDEI service in order to prevent the transaction from reducing its 
FDDEI and thereby its section 250 deduction.
    Section 250(b) does not contemplate a transaction-by-transaction 
determination of FDII, but rather an aggregate calculation based on all 
gross income ``which is derived in connection with'' sales and services 
described in section 250(b)(4). Therefore, it would be inappropriate to 
permit taxpayers to elect to exclude losses related to sales to foreign 
persons for a foreign use and services to persons located outside the 
United States by merely failing the documentation requirements. 
Accordingly, the proposed regulations provide that if a seller or 
renderer knows or has reason to know that property is sold to a foreign 
person for a foreign use or a general service is provided to a person 
located outside the United States, but the seller or renderer does not 
satisfy the documentation requirements applicable to such sale or 
service, the sale of property or provision of a service is nonetheless 
deemed a FDDEI transaction if treating the sale or service as a FDDEI 
transaction would reduce a domestic corporation's FDDEI. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-3(f).
    The special loss transaction rule in proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(f) 
does not apply to proximate services, property services, and 
transportation services, each of which is defined and discussed in part 
III(D)(3) through (5) of this Explanation of Provisions section, 
because the

[[Page 8194]]

proposed regulations do not require documentation with respect to such 
services. Therefore, a proximate service, property service, or 
transportation service is a FDDEI service if it meets the applicable 
substantive requirements for a FDDEI service described in Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(f), (g), and (h), respectively.
C. FDDEI Sales
1. In General
    Section 250(b)(4)(A) provides that FDDEI includes income from 
property the taxpayer sells to any person who is not a U.S. person, and 
which the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary is 
for a foreign use. Accordingly, the proposed regulations define a FDDEI 
sale as a sale of property to a foreign person for a foreign use. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b).
2. Foreign Person
    The proposed regulations provide that a recipient is treated as a 
foreign person only if the seller obtains documentation of the 
recipient's foreign status and does not know or have reason to know 
that the recipient is not a foreign person. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-4(c)(1). The proposed regulations provide several types of 
permissible documentation for this purpose, such as a written statement 
by the recipient indicating that the recipient is a foreign person. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2)(i). To alleviate the burden of 
documentation on small businesses and small transactions, the proposed 
regulations allow a seller that has less than $10,000,000 of gross 
receipts in the prior taxable year, or less than $5,000 in gross 
receipts from a single recipient during the current taxable year, to 
treat a recipient as a foreign person if the seller has a shipping 
address for the recipient that is outside the United States. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2)(ii). The $10,000,000 and $5,000 
thresholds were chosen based on the experience of the Treasury 
Department and the IRS and not based on any specific quantitative 
analysis. The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments 
regarding whether the $10,000,000 and $5,000 thresholds are appropriate 
and especially solicit comments that provide data, other evidence, and 
models that can enhance the rigor of the process by which such 
thresholds are determined.
3. Foreign Use
    Under the proposed regulations, the rules applicable to the 
determination of whether a sale of property is for a foreign use 
depends on whether the property sold is ``general property'' or 
``intangible property.'' See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d) and (e). The 
proposed regulations define general property as property other than 
intangible property, a security (as defined in section 475(c)(2)), or a 
commodity (as defined in section 475(e)(2)(B) through (D)). See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(3). The proposed regulations define 
intangible property by cross-reference to section 367(d)(4). See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(4).
    The proposed regulations provide that a sale of a security (as 
defined in section 475(c)(2)) or a commodity (as defined in section 
475(e)(2)(B) through (D)) is not a FDDEI sale because such financial 
instruments are not subject to ``any use, consumption, or disposition'' 
outside the United States within the meaning of section 250(b)(5)(A). 
See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(f).
    The proposed regulations provide that a sale of property (whether 
general property or intangible property) is treated as for a foreign 
use only if the seller obtains documentation that the property is for a 
foreign use and does not know or have reason to know, as of the FDII 
filing date, that the property is not for a foreign use (or, in the 
case of intangible property, that the portion of the sale of the 
intangible property for which the seller establishes foreign use is not 
for a foreign use). See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(1) and (e)(1). 
Accordingly, if, as of the FDII filing date, the seller does not know 
or have reason to know that either the documentation obtained with 
respect to the sale is not reliable or that the property is not for a 
foreign use within the meaning of Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2) or (e)(2), 
then the sale of the property is treated as for a foreign use under 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(1) or (e)(1) even if, in fact, the sale of such 
property is not for a foreign use within the meaning of Sec.  1.250(b)-
4(d)(2) or (e)(2).
a. Foreign Use for General Property
    The sale of general property is for a foreign use if either the 
property is not subject to domestic use within three years of delivery 
of the property or the property is subject to manufacture, assembly, or 
other processing outside the United States before any domestic use of 
the property. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(i) and Conf. Rep. at 
625, fn. 1522 (``If property is sold by a taxpayer to a person who is 
not a U.S. person, and after such sale the property is subject to 
manufacture, assembly, or other processing (including the incorporation 
of such property, as a component, into a second product by means of 
production, manufacture, or assembly) outside the United States by such 
person, then the property is for a foreign use.''). Domestic use is 
defined as the use, consumption, or disposition of property within the 
United States, including manufacture, assembly, or other processing 
within the United States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(ii). 
Comments are requested on the supply chain implications of these rules.
    General property is subject to manufacturing, assembly, or other 
processing only if it meets either of the following two tests: (1) 
There is a physical and material change to the property, or (2) the 
property is incorporated as a component into a second product. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(iii)(A). The proposed regulations 
clarify that a physical and material change does not include ``minor 
assembly, packaging, or labeling.'' See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
4(d)(2)(iii)(B). However, whether property has undergone a physical and 
material change (as opposed to minor assembly, packaging, or labeling) 
is determined based on all the relevant facts and circumstances. The 
Treasury Department and the IRS request comments regarding whether 
additional guidance should be provided for determining whether property 
has undergone a physical and material change.
    General property is incorporated as a component into a second 
product only if the fair market value of the property when it is 
delivered to the recipient constitutes no more than 20 percent of the 
fair market value of the second product, determined when the second 
product is completed. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(iii)(C). If 
the seller sells multiple items of property that are incorporated into 
the second product, an aggregation rule treats all of the property sold 
by the seller that is incorporated into the second product as a single 
item of property for purposes of determining whether the property 
constitutes more than 20 percent of the fair market value of the second 
product. See id.
    In order to establish that general property is for a foreign use, 
the seller must generally obtain documentation with respect to the 
sale. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(3). Such documentation could 
include, for example, proof of shipment of the property to a foreign 
address. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(3)(i). However, in the case 
of certain small businesses and small transactions, the seller may rely 
on a foreign shipping address for the recipient instead of obtaining 
documentation. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(3)(ii).

[[Page 8195]]

    In lieu of the general documentation requirements for determining 
foreign use for sales of general property, in the case of a sale of 
multiple items of general property, which because of their fungible 
nature cannot reasonably be specifically traced to the location of use 
(``fungible mass''), a seller may establish that some, but not all, of 
the property is for a foreign use through market research, including 
statistical sampling, economic modeling, and other similar methods. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(3)(iii). A de minimis rule applies to 
treat the entire fungible mass as for a foreign use if a seller obtains 
documentation establishing that 90 percent or more of the fungible mass 
is for a foreign use. See id. Conversely, no portion of the fungible 
mass is treated as for a foreign use if the seller does not obtain 
documentation establishing that 10 percent or more of the fungible mass 
is for a foreign use. Id.
    A special rule applies for purposes of determining whether the sale 
of certain transportation property is for a foreign use, which takes 
into account the special nature of property used for international 
transportation. Specifically, the sale of aircraft, railroad rolling 
stock, vessel, motor vehicle, or similar property that provides a mode 
of transportation and is capable of traveling internationally is for a 
foreign use only if, during the three-year period from the date of 
delivery of the property, the property is located outside the United 
States more than 50 percent of the time and more than 50 percent of the 
miles traversed in the use of such property will be traversed outside 
the United States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(iv). The seller 
can establish that a sale of general property used for international 
transportation is for a foreign use through, for example, a written 
statement from the recipient that the property is anticipated to 
satisfy the test described in the preceding sentence. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(3)(i)(A).
b. Foreign Use for Intangible Property
    As discussed in part III(B) of this Explanation of Provisions 
section, a sale includes a license and any transfer of property in 
which gain or income is recognized under section 367, including a 
transfer of intangible property subject to section 367(d). See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(7). The proposed regulations provide that a sale of 
intangible property is for a foreign use to the extent revenue is 
earned from exploiting the intangible property outside the United 
States, the documentation requirements are satisfied, and the seller 
does not know or have reason to know that the portion of the sale of 
the intangible property for which the seller establishes foreign use is 
not for a foreign use. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(e)(1). Unlike a 
sale of general property (other than a sale of a fungible mass), a 
seller may establish foreign use for a portion of the income from the 
sale of intangible property. For purposes of determining whether a sale 
of intangible property is for a foreign use, the location where revenue 
is earned is generally determined based on the location of end-user 
customers licensing the intangible property or purchasing products for 
which the intangible property was used in development, manufacture, 
sale, or distribution. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(e)(2). This 
determination is generally made on an annual basis based on the actual 
revenue earned by the recipient. Id.
    Special rules apply to lump sum sales because, in these cases, it 
may be difficult or impossible to know the location where revenue will 
be generated when the sale occurs. The determination of foreign use in 
these cases is made based on the net present value of revenue the 
seller would have reasonably expected to earn from the exploitation of 
the intangible property. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(e)(2)(iii). For 
sales of rights to intangible property for use both within and outside 
the United States, the seller must establish the proportionate amount 
of revenue earned within and outside the United States from use of the 
intangible property to establish foreign use. The proposed regulations 
describe documentation that can be used to establish where revenue is 
earned from use of the intangible property. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-4(e)(3)(i). For example, if a domestic corporation licenses to 
a foreign person the worldwide rights to market and sell an item 
protected by a copyright, the domestic corporation would need to obtain 
documentation, as provided in the proposed regulations, establishing 
where revenue is earned from sales of the copyright-protected item.
    A seller may establish the extent to which a sale of intangible 
property for a lump sum is for a foreign use through documentation 
containing reasonable projections of the amount and location of revenue 
that the seller would have reasonably expected to earn from the use of 
intangible property. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(e)(3)(iii). To be 
considered reasonable, the net present value must be consistent with 
the financial data and projections used by the seller to determine the 
sales price to the foreign person. See id. The same rule for 
documentation applies to a sale to a foreign person (other than a 
related party of the seller) for annual payments that are not 
contingent on revenue or profit unless the seller has access to 
reliable information to determine the actual revenue earned by the 
foreign unrelated party from the exploitation of the intangible 
property. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(e)(3)(ii).
    As discussed in part III(C)(3)(a) of this Explanation of Provisions 
section, a sale of general property is treated as for a foreign use if 
the property is subject to manufacturing, assembly, or other processing 
outside the United States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(i)(B). 
This rule is based on footnote 1522 of the Conference Report, which 
provides that ``[i]f property is sold by a taxpayer to a person who is 
not a U.S. person, and after such sale the property is subject to 
manufacture, assembly, or other processing (including the incorporation 
of such property, as a component, into a second product by means of 
production, manufacture, or assembly) outside the United States by such 
person, then the property is for a foreign use.'' Intangible property 
is not ``subject to'' manufacture, assembly, or processing, and there 
is no other discussion in the Conference Report that indicates an 
intent to provide an analogous rule for intangible property otherwise 
used in the manufacturing process. However, comments are requested on 
whether a rule for intangible property similar to proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(i)(B) is appropriate. Comments are also requested on 
what additional rules may be needed for determining the location of 
revenue generation from end-users and what types of documentation 
should be accepted to document the location of revenue generation with 
respect to intangible property.
D. FDDEI Services
1. In General
    Section 250(b)(4)(B) provides that FDDEI includes income from 
services provided by a domestic corporation to any person, or with 
respect to property, not located within the United States. Section 250 
does not prescribe rules for determining whether a person or property 
is ``not located within the United States.'' Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5 
provides rules for determining whether a service is provided to a 
person, or with respect to property, located outside the United States.
    Under the proposed regulations, whether a service is provided to a 
person, or with respect to property, located outside the United States, 
depends on the type of service provided and, in the case of a general 
service

[[Page 8196]]

(defined below), the type of recipient of the service. The proposed 
regulations distinguish between services where the service provider 
(the ``renderer'') and the recipient are in physical proximity when the 
service is performed (``proximate services''), services with respect to 
tangible property (``property services''), services to transport people 
or property (``transportation services''), and all other services 
(``general services''). See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(b) and (c)(4) 
through (7). For purposes of determining whether a service constitutes 
a FDDEI service, the proposed regulations look to the location of the 
performance of the service for proximate services, the location of the 
property for property services, the origin and destination of 
transportation services, and the location of the recipient for general 
services. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d) through (h).
    Each category of service described in Sec.  1.250(b)-5 is mutually 
exclusive of each other category, and every possible service is 
described in a single category. Therefore, whether a service is a FDDEI 
service is determined under the rules relevant to one, and only one, 
category of service described in Sec.  1.250(b)-5. For example, a 
general service that is provided to a recipient located within the 
United States is not a FDDEI service, even if the service is performed 
outside the United States, whereas a property service that is performed 
outside the United States is a FDDEI service, even if the recipient of 
the service is located within the United States. See parts III(D)(2) 
and (4) of this Explanation of Provisions section.
2. General Services to Persons Located Outside the United States
    A general service is a service other than a proximate service, a 
property service, or a transportation service. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(c)(4). General services is the residual category of 
services. Accordingly, a service that is not a property service, a 
transportation service, or a proximate service is analyzed as a general 
service.
    For general services, the proposed regulations distinguish between 
services provided to ``consumers'' and services provided to ``business 
recipients.'' A consumer is defined as an individual that purchases a 
service for personal consumption. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(c)(3). 
A business recipient is defined as any recipient other than a consumer. 
See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(c)(2). In both cases, general services 
are treated as provided to a person located outside the United States 
if the renderer does not know or have reason to know that the consumer 
or business recipient is located within the United States and obtains 
appropriate documentation. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(1) and 
(e)(1).
a. General Services to Consumers
    The provision of a general service to a consumer located outside 
the United States is a FDDEI service. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
5(b)(1). The proposed regulations provide that the consumer is located 
where a consumer resides when the service is provided. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(2).
    The proposed regulations require a domestic corporation to document 
the location of the consumer. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(1) and 
(3). The proposed regulations provide several types of permissible 
documentation for this purpose, including a written statement by the 
consumer indicating the residence of the consumer when the service is 
provided. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(3)(i). However, in the case 
of certain small businesses and small transactions, the renderer may 
rely on a foreign billing address for the consumer instead of obtaining 
documentation. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(3)(ii).
b. General Services to Business Recipients
    The provision of a general service to a business recipient located 
outside the United States is a FDDEI service. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(b)(2). Under the proposed regulations, all general services 
that are not provided to consumers are treated as services provided to 
business recipients, regardless of whether the recipient is engaged in 
a trade or business. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(c)(2).
    The proposed regulations determine the location of a business 
recipient based on the location of the business recipient's operations, 
and the operations of any related party of the recipient, that receive 
a benefit (as defined in Sec.  1.482-9(l)(3)) from such service. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(2) and (4). For purposes of this 
determination, the location of residence, incorporation, or formation 
of a business recipient is not relevant. For example, a general service 
that confers a benefit only on the U.S. operations of a foreign person 
will generally not qualify as a FDDEI service, whereas a service that 
confers a benefit only on the foreign operations of a U.S. person will 
generally qualify as a FDDEI service. For purposes of this rule, a 
business recipient is treated as having operations in any location 
where it maintains an office or other fixed place of business. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(2)(ii).
    The proposed regulations provide that a service is generally 
provided to a business recipient located outside the United States to 
the extent that the renderer's gross income from providing the service 
is allocated to the business recipient's operations outside the United 
States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(2)(i). To make this 
allocation, the renderer must first determine which of the business 
recipient's operations receive a benefit from the service. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(2)(i)(A). Where the service confers a benefit on 
the operations of the business recipient in specific locations, gross 
income of the renderer is allocated based on the location of the 
operations in specific locations that receive the benefit. See id. 
Where a service confers a benefit on the recipient's business as a 
whole, or where reliable information about the particular portion of 
the operations that specifically receive a benefit from the service is 
unavailable, the proposed regulations provide that the service is 
deemed to confer a benefit on all of the business recipient's 
operations. See id. The renderer then must allocate its gross income 
from providing the service between the operations that receive a 
benefit from the service that are located within and outside the United 
States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(2)(i)(B). For this purpose, 
any reasonable method may be used, and the principles of Sec.  1.482-
9(k) apply to determine whether a method is reasonable. See id. A 
reasonable method may include, for example, an allocation based on the 
renderer's time spent working with different offices of the business 
recipient or publicly available information about the business 
recipient's revenue from different markets. See id. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS request comments on this approach for 
determining the location of a business recipient that operates both 
within and outside of the United States.
    The proposed regulations also require a domestic corporation to 
obtain documentation sufficient to establish the location of a business 
recipient's operations that benefit from the service. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(1) and (3). A domestic corporation may obtain a 
statement from the recipient specifying the location of the operations 
that will benefit from the service or include a similar statement in a 
binding contract. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(3)(i)(A) and (B). A 
domestic corporation may also establish the location of the business 
recipient using information provided in the ordinary course of the 
provision of a service or publicly

[[Page 8197]]

available information. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(3)(i)(C) and 
(D). However, in the case of certain small businesses and small 
transactions, the renderer may rely on a foreign billing address for 
the business recipient instead of obtaining documentation. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(3)(ii).
3. Proximate Services
    The provision of a proximate service to a recipient located outside 
the United States is a FDDEI service. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
5(b)(3). A proximate service is defined as a service, other than a 
property service or a transportation service, substantially all of 
which is performed in the physical presence of the recipient or, in the 
case of a business recipient, its employees. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(c)(6). For example, a training, consulting, or auditing 
service that is performed on-site would generally constitute a 
proximate service. Substantially all of a service is performed in the 
physical presence of the recipient or its employees if the renderer 
spends more than 80 percent of the time providing the service in the 
physical presence of the recipient or its employees. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(c)(6). The recipient of a proximate service is treated as 
located where the service is performed. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
5(f). If a proximate service is performed partly within and partly 
outside the United States, a proportionate amount of the service is 
treated as rendered to a person located outside the United States 
corresponding to the portion of time spent providing the proximate 
service outside the United States. See id.
4. Property Services
    The provision of a property service with respect to tangible 
property located outside the United States is a FDDEI service. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(b)(4). A property service is defined as a 
service, other than a transportation service, provided with respect to 
tangible property, but only if substantially all of the service is 
performed at the location of the property and results in physical 
manipulation of the property such as through assembly, maintenance, or 
repair. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(c)(5). The proposed regulations 
provide that substantially all of a service is performed at the 
location of property if the renderer spends more than 80 percent of the 
time providing the service at or near the location of the property. See 
id. A property service is a FDDEI service only if the tangible property 
with respect to which the service is performed is located outside the 
United States for the duration of the period of performance. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(g). The Treasury Department and the IRS 
request comments on whether to consider an exception for property that 
is located in the United States temporarily solely for purposes of the 
performance of certain services, such as maintenance or repairs. As 
discussed in part III(E) of this Explanation of Provisions section, a 
property service may qualify as a FDDEI service even if it is performed 
for a person located within the United States.
    Other services that relate to property but may not necessarily be 
provided in close proximity to tangible property or do not result in 
the physical manipulation of such property such as through assembly, 
maintenance, or repair may be subject to the rules for proximate 
services, transportation services, or general services. For example, an 
architectural or engineering service that is not performed in physical 
proximity to the property or the recipient will be evaluated as a 
general service even if the service relates to property located outside 
the United States, and thus whether such a service is a FDDEI service 
will be determined based on the location of the recipient rather than 
the location of the property.
5. Transportation Services
    The provision of a transportation service to a recipient, or with 
respect to property, located outside the United States is a FDDEI 
service. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(b)(5). A transportation service 
is defined as a service to transport a person or property using any 
mode of transportation (such as an airplane). See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(c)(7).
    Basing the location of a transportation service on the residence of 
the recipient of the transportation service could provide inconsistent 
results with respect to similar services. Similarly, providing 
different rules for the transportation of a person or property could 
provide inconsistent results with respect to similar services. 
Therefore, the proposed regulations provide that whether a 
``transportation service'' is provided to a recipient, or with respect 
to property, located outside the United States is determined based on 
the origin and destination of the service. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
5(h). If both the origin and destination of a transportation service 
are outside of the United States, then the service is a FDDEI service. 
See id. If either the origin or the destination of the transportation 
service is outside of the United States, but not both, then 50 percent 
of the service is a FDDEI service and thus 50 percent of the gross 
income from the provision of the service is included in the renderer's 
gross FDDEI. See id.
E. Domestic Intermediary Rules
    Section 250(b)(5)(B) describes special rules for ``domestic 
intermediaries'' (the ``domestic intermediary rules''). Section 
250(b)(5)(B)(i) provides that if a seller sells property to another 
person (other than a related party) for further manufacture or other 
modification within the United States, the property is not treated as 
sold for a foreign use even if such other person subsequently uses such 
property for a foreign use. Section 250(b)(5)(B)(ii) provides that 
services provided to a person (other than a related party) located 
within the United States are not treated as services described in 
section 250(b)(4)(B) even if such other person uses such services in 
providing services that are described in section 250(b)(4)(B).
    The proposed regulations do not contain specific rules 
corresponding to the domestic intermediary rules because those rules 
are encompassed within the general rules relating to FDDEI sales and 
FDDEI services in the proposed regulations. With respect to sales of 
property, the proposed regulations provide that general property is not 
for a foreign use if, before being subject to manufacture, assembly, or 
other processing outside the United States, the property is subject to 
a domestic use. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(i). For this 
purpose, domestic use includes manufacture, assembly, or other 
processing within the United States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
4(d)(2)(ii)(B). In addition, a sale of property to a U.S. person cannot 
qualify as a FDDEI sale under any circumstance. See section 
250(b)(4)(A) and proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b). Therefore, a sale of 
property to a foreign person for further manufacture in the United 
States or to a U.S. person does not qualify for a FDDEI sale, 
regardless of the ultimate use of the property by the recipient.
    With respect to the provision of services, the proposed regulations 
provide that a service is a FDDEI service only if the recipient of the 
service, or the property to which the service relates, is located 
outside the United States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(b)(1) through 
(5). Therefore, a service provided to a person, or with respect to 
property, located within the United States is not a FDDEI service, 
regardless of the ultimate use of the service by the recipient.
    Section 250(b)(5)(B)(ii) could be read literally to provide that a 
FDDEI service includes only services provided to a

[[Page 8198]]

person not located within the United States, in which case a service 
provided ``with respect to property located outside the United States'' 
would not qualify as a FDDEI service if the recipient of such service 
was located within the United States. As discussed in part III(D) of 
this Explanation of Provisions section, consistent with the general 
rule of section 250(b)(4)(B), the proposed regulations clarify that a 
service qualifies as a FDDEI service if it is provided either to a 
person located outside the United States or with respect to property 
located outside the United States. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
have determined that an interpretation of section 250(b)(5)(B)(ii) that 
effectively eliminates the disjunctive test of section 250(b)(4)(B) 
would not be reasonable. Therefore, under the proposed regulations, 
whether a service that is treated as with respect to property--a 
property service or a transportation service--is a FDDEI service is 
determined solely by reference to the location of the property, and not 
the location of the recipient. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(g) and 
(h).
    Finally, the parenthetical references to related parties in the 
domestic intermediary rules could be read to imply the existence of an 
exception for further manufacture or modification in the United States 
by a related party or a service provided to a related party located 
within the United States. However, the general rules of section 
250(b)(4)(A) and (B) do not authorize such exceptions, and the domestic 
intermediary rules do not purport to expand these general rules, but 
rather to limit the transactions that qualify under them. Therefore, 
with respect to related party domestic intermediaries, the proposed 
regulations do not provide an exception to the general rule that 
property must be sold to a foreign person to qualify as a FDDEI sale or 
that a service must be provided to a person located outside the United 
States to qualify as a FDDEI service. Cf. part V of this Explanation of 
Provisions section regarding the applicability of the attribute 
redetermination rule of Sec.  1.1502-13(c)(1)(i) to the determination 
of FDDEI of a member of a consolidated group.
F. Related Party Transactions
    A sale of property or a provision of a service may qualify as a 
FDDEI transaction, regardless of whether the recipient of such service 
is a related party of the seller or renderer. However, in the case of a 
sale of general property or a provision of a general service to a 
related party, section 250(b)(5)(C) and proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6 
provide additional requirements that must be satisfied for the 
transaction to qualify as a FDDEI sale or FDDEI service. These 
requirements must be satisfied in addition to the general requirements 
that apply to such sales and services as provided in proposed 
Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-3 through 1.250(b)-5.
    The proposed regulations define a related party with respect to any 
person as any member of a modified affiliated group that includes such 
person. Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(19). A modified affiliated group 
is defined as an affiliated group as provided in section 1504(a) by 
substituting ``more than 50 percent'' for ``at least 80 percent'' each 
place it appears, and without regard to section 1504(b)(2) and (3). 
Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(17)(i). A modified affiliated group also 
includes any person other than a corporation that is controlled by one 
or more members of a modified affiliated group or that controls such a 
member. Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(17)(ii). For this purpose, 
``control'' is defined as provided in section 954(d)(3), meaning 
direct, indirect, or constructive ownership under section 958 of more 
than 50 percent of the value of the beneficial interests in such 
person. Proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(17)(iii).
1. Related Party Sales
    Section 250(b)(5)(C)(i) provides that property sold to a related 
party that is not a U.S. person ``shall not be treated as for a foreign 
use unless (I) such property is ultimately sold by a related party, or 
used by a related party in connection with property which is sold or 
the provision of services, to another person who is an unrelated party 
who is not a United States person, and (II) the taxpayer establishes to 
the satisfaction of the Secretary that such property is for a foreign 
use.'' Accordingly, the proposed regulations provide that a sale of 
general property to a foreign related party (a ``related party sale'') 
qualifies as a FDDEI sale only if certain additional requirements 
described in Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1)(i) or (ii) are satisfied. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1).
    If a foreign related party resells the purchased property (such as 
where the foreign related party is a distributor or a manufacturer of a 
product that incorporates the purchased property as a component), the 
sale to the foreign related party qualifies as a FDDEI sale only if an 
unrelated party transaction with respect to such sale occurs and the 
unrelated party transaction is a FDDEI sale. An unrelated party 
transaction is generally a transaction between the foreign related 
party and an unrelated foreign person in which the property purchased 
by the foreign related party is sold or used. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-6(b)(5). For purposes of this rule, whether property is a 
component of another property that is subsequently sold in an unrelated 
party transaction is determined without regard to the rule defining a 
``component'' for purposes of determining whether general property is 
subject to manufacturing, assembly, or other processing, as described 
in part III(C)(3)(a) of this Explanation of Provisions section. The 
unrelated party sale generally must occur on or before the FDII filing 
date; otherwise the gross income from the related party sale is 
included in the domestic corporation's gross DEI for the taxable year 
of the related party sale, but is not included in its gross FDDEI. See 
proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1)(i). However, if an unrelated party 
transaction occurs after the FDII filing date but within the period of 
limitations provided by section 6511, the proposed regulations provide 
that the domestic corporation may file an amended return for the 
taxable year in which the related party sale occurred claiming the 
related party sale as a FDDEI sale for purposes of determining the 
taxpayer's foreign-derived intangible income for that taxable year, 
provided that the sale otherwise meets the requirements in proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1)(i). See id. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
welcome comments on whether alternatives should be considered in lieu 
of requiring the filing of an amended return.
    For transactions other than the resale of purchased property, such 
as where the foreign related party uses the purchased property to 
produce other property that is sold in unrelated party transactions, or 
where the foreign related party uses the property in the provision of a 
service in an unrelated party transaction, the sale of property does 
not qualify as a FDDEI sale unless, as of the FDII filing date, the 
seller reasonably expects that more than 80 percent of the revenue 
earned by the foreign related party from the use of the property in all 
transactions will be earned from unrelated party transactions that are 
FDDEI transactions (determined without regard to the documentation 
requirements in Sec.  1.250(b)-4 or Sec.  1.250(b)-5). See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1)(ii).
    The rules applicable to related party sales apply only to determine 
whether sales of general property qualify as a FDDEI sale. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1). Sales of intangible property, whether to a 
related or an unrelated party, are for a foreign use only to the

[[Page 8199]]

extent that the intangible property generated revenue from exploitation 
outside the United States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(e)(2) and part 
III(C)(3)(b) of this Explanation of Provisions section. Thus, 
additional rules with respect to related party sales of intangible 
property are unnecessary to ensure that such sales are ultimately for a 
foreign use.
2. Related Party Services
    Section 250(b)(5)(C)(ii) provides that a service provided to a 
related party not located in the United States ``shall not be treated 
[as a FDDEI service] unless the taxpayer establishe[s] to the 
satisfaction of the Secretary that such service is not substantially 
similar to services provided by such related party to persons located 
within the United States.'' Accordingly, the proposed regulations 
generally provide that a provision of a general service to a business 
recipient that is a related party qualifies as a FDDEI service only if 
the service is not substantially similar to a service provided by the 
related party to persons located within the United States. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-6(d)(1).
    Absent section 250(b)(5)(C)(ii) and proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(d)(1) 
(the ``related party services rule''), a domestic corporation could 
generate gross FDDEI from the provision of services that primarily 
benefit persons within the United States by using a related party 
located outside the United States as a conduit. The related party 
services rule prevents taxpayers from claiming gross FDDEI derived from 
such ``round tripping'' arrangements. In contrast, proximate services, 
property services, and transportation services by their nature present 
minimal risk for ``round tripping,'' because the location of the 
recipient or property, as applicable, for purposes of such services is 
generally determined based on the place of performance. See proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-5(f), (g), and (h), and parts III(D)(3), (4), and (5) of 
this Explanation of Provisions section. Further, a general service 
provided to a consumer that is a related party cannot be substantially 
similar to a service provided by a consumer to a person located within 
the United States, because a consumer, by definition, is an individual 
that purchases the service for personal use. See proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(c)(3). Accordingly, the proposed regulations provide that 
the related party services rule applies only to determine whether a 
general service provided to a business recipient that is a related 
party is a FDDEI service. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(d)(1).
    A service provided by a renderer to a related party is 
``substantially similar'' to a service provided by the related party to 
a person located within the United States if the renderer's service (or 
``related party service'') is used by the related party to provide a 
service to a person located within the United States and either the 
``benefit test'' of proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(d)(2)(i) or the ``price 
test'' of proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(d)(2)(ii) is satisfied. The rules 
to determine the location of a recipient of a service provided by a 
related party are generally the same as the rules for determining the 
location of a recipient of a service provided by the renderer.
    The benefit test is satisfied if 60 percent or more of the benefits 
conferred by the related party service are to persons located within 
the United States. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(d)(2)(i). For this 
purpose, the term ``benefit'' has the meaning provided in Sec.  1.482-
9(l)(3). See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(c)(1). Therefore, a related 
party service provides a benefit to a customer of the related party if 
it provides ``a reasonably identifiable increment of economic or 
commercial value'' to the customer, rather than an indirect or remote 
benefit. See Sec.  1.482-9(l)(3)(i) and (ii). Because the benefit test 
compares the benefits from the service provided to persons located in 
the United States to the total benefits from the service provided by 
the renderer (rather than to the total benefits of the service provided 
by the related party), a service provided to a related party is 
``substantially similar'' to a service provided by the related party to 
persons located within the United States if 60 percent or more of the 
benefits of the service are conferred on persons located within the 
United States, even if the related party adds significant value to the 
service through, for instance, bundling the related party service with 
other high value services.
    Under the price test, a service provided by a renderer to a related 
party is ``substantially similar'' to a service provided by the related 
party to a person located within the United States if the renderer's 
service is used by the related party to provide a service to a person 
located within the United States and 60 percent or more of the price 
that persons located within the United States pay for the service 
provided by the related party is attributable to the renderer's 
service. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-6(d)(2)(ii). Therefore, the price 
test compares the value of the service that is provided by the renderer 
to the related party to the value of the service that is provided by 
the related party to its customers. Consequently, a related party 
service that is not treated as substantially similar to a service 
provided by the related party to persons located in the United States 
under the benefit test, because more than 40 percent of the benefits 
from the service are conferred to persons located outside the United 
States, is nonetheless treated as ``substantially similar'' under the 
price test if the related party service accounts for 60 percent or more 
of the total price that is charged to customers located within the 
United States.
    If a related party service is treated as substantially similar to a 
service provided by the related party to a person located within the 
United States solely by reason of the price test, the general rule that 
wholly disqualifies the related party service as a FDDEI service does 
not apply. Rather, in such case, a portion of the gross income from the 
related party service will be treated as a FDDEI service corresponding 
to the ratio of benefits conferred by the related party service to 
persons not located within the United States to the sum of all benefits 
conferred by the related party service. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-
6(d)(1).

IV. Section 250 Deduction for Individuals Making a Section 962 Election

    As discussed in part II of this Explanation of Provisions section, 
the section 250 deduction for FDII and GILTI is available only to 
domestic corporations. However, section 962(a)(1) provides that an 
individual that is a U.S. shareholder may generally elect to be taxed 
on amounts included in the individual's gross income under section 
951(a) in ``an amount equal to the tax that would be imposed under 
section 11 if such amounts were received by a domestic corporation.'' 
GILTI is treated as an amount included under section 951(a) for 
purposes of section 962. See section 951A(f)(1)(A) and proposed Sec.  
1.951A-6(b)(1). A section 962 election can be made by an individual 
U.S. shareholder who is considered, by reason of section 958(b), to own 
stock of a foreign corporation owned (within the meaning of section 
958(a)) by a domestic pass-through entity, including a partnership or 
an S corporation. See Sec.  1.962-2(a).
    Congress enacted section 962 to ensure that individuals' tax 
burdens with respect to undistributed foreign earnings of their CFCs 
``will be no heavier than they would have been had they invested in an 
American corporation doing business abroad.'' S. Rept. 1881, 1962-3 
C.B. 784, at 798. Existing Sec.  1.962-1(b)(1)(i) provides that a 
deduction of a U.S. shareholder does not reduce the amount included in 
gross income under section 951(a) for purposes of computing the amount 
of

[[Page 8200]]

tax that would be imposed under section 11. However, allowing a section 
250 deduction with respect to GILTI of an individual (including an 
individual that is a shareholder of an S corporation or a partner in a 
partnership) that makes an election under section 962 is consistent 
with the purpose of that provision of ensuring that such individual's 
tax burden with respect to its CFC's undistributed foreign earnings is 
no greater than if the individual owned such CFC through a domestic 
corporation. Accordingly, the proposed regulations provide that, for 
purposes of section 962, ``taxable income'' as used in section 11 of an 
electing individual is reduced by the portion of the section 250 
deduction that would be allowed to a domestic corporation with respect 
to the individual's GILTI and the section 78 gross-up attributable to 
the shareholder's GILTI. See proposed Sec.  1.962-1(b)(1)(i)(B)(3).

V. Application of Section 250 to Consolidated Groups

    As discussed in the Background section of this preamble, section 
250 provides a domestic corporation a deduction for its FDII, GILTI, 
and the section 78 gross-up attributable to its GILTI. The section 250 
deduction is available to a member of a consolidated group (``member'') 
in the same manner as the deduction is available to any domestic 
corporation. However, a computation of a member's section 250 deduction 
based solely on its items of income and QBAI may not result in a clear 
reflection of the consolidated group's income tax liability. For 
example, a consolidated group could segregate all of its QBAI in one 
member, thereby decreasing the DTIR of other members relative to the 
consolidated group's DTIR if determined at a group level. 
Alternatively, a strict, separate-entity application of section 250 
could inappropriately decrease a consolidated group's aggregate amount 
of deduction for its FDII, for instance, because one member's DII 
(which is the excess of DEI over DTIR) would not be taken into account 
in calculating the FDII of another member that has FDDEI in excess of 
its DEI.
    Based on the foregoing, the proposed regulations provide that a 
member's section 250 deduction is determined by reference to the 
relevant items of all members of the same consolidated group. 
Consistent with the authority provided by section 1502, the proposed 
regulations ensure that the aggregate amount of section 250 deductions 
allowed to members appropriately reflects the income, expenses, gains, 
losses, and property of all members. Definitions in proposed Sec.  
1.1502-50(f) result in the aggregation of the DEI, FDDEI, DTIR, and 
GILTI of all members. These aggregate numbers and the consolidated 
group's consolidated taxable income are then used to calculate an 
overall deduction amount for the group. Proposed Sec.  1.1502-50(b) 
then allocates this overall deduction amount among the members on the 
basis of their respective contributions to the consolidated group's 
aggregate amount of FDDEI and the consolidated group's aggregate amount 
of GILTI.
    The proposed regulations also address two issues relating to 
intercompany transactions. First, the proposed regulations add an 
example to Sec.  1.1502-13 demonstrating the applicability of the 
attribute redetermination rule of Sec.  1.1502-13(c)(1)(i) to the 
determination of FDDEI. This example applies the intercompany 
transaction rules to clearly reflect consolidated taxable income. It 
does not indicate a change in the law. In this example, the attribute 
redetermination rule applies to gross DEI and gross FDDEI, which are 
attributes of an intercompany or corresponding item. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS were concerned that applying Sec.  1.1502-13(c) 
to DEI and FDDEI directly could result in circular computations due to 
the apportionment of certain expenses on a gross income basis. In 
addition, the example illustrates the applicability of the attribute 
redetermination rule in the context of an intercompany loss. In such 
circumstances, the application of the allocation and apportionment 
rules of Sec. Sec.  1.861-8 through 1.861-14T and 1.861-17 may be 
modified in order to achieve the same overall result within the 
consolidated group that would occur if the members were divisions of a 
single corporation.
    Second, the proposed regulations provide that, for purposes of 
determining a member's QBAI, the basis of specified tangible property 
will not be affected by an intercompany transaction. See proposed Sec.  
1.1502-50(c)(1). Accordingly, an intercompany transaction cannot result 
in the increase or decrease of a consolidated group's aggregate amount 
of DTIR or, in turn, aggregate amount of deduction.

VI. Reporting Requirements

    To claim a deduction under section 250 by reason of having FDII, a 
taxpayer must calculate its deemed intangible income, deduction 
eligible income, and foreign-derived deduction eligible income. None of 
these terms are used in other provisions of the Code, and thus pre-
existing forms do not collect data relevant to determining these 
amounts. In addition, when calculating its deduction under section 250, 
a taxpayer must determine the application of the taxable income 
limitation of section 250(a)(2). In order to effectively administer and 
enforce section 250, the proposed regulations require the collection of 
relevant information on new or existing forms.
    A domestic corporation or an individual making an election under 
section 962 that claims a deduction under section 250 for a taxable 
year must make an annual return on Form 8993, ``Section 250 Deduction 
for Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (FDII) and Global Intangible Low-
Taxed Income (GILTI)'' (or any successor form) for such year, providing 
the information required by the form. See proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(d).
    Certain related party transactions are reported on various 
information returns under sections 6038 and 6038A. Under section 
6038(a)(1), U.S. persons that control foreign business entities 
(``controlling U.S. persons'') must report certain information with 
respect to those entities, which includes information listed in section 
6038(a)(1)(A) through (E), as well as information that ``the Secretary 
determines to be appropriate to carry out the provisions of this 
title.'' This information is reported on Form 5471, ``Information 
Return of U.S. Persons With Respect To Certain Foreign Corporations,'' 
or Form 8865, ``Return of U.S. Persons With Respect to Certain Foreign 
Partnerships,'' as applicable. Section 6038A requires 25-percent 
foreign-owned domestic corporations (``reporting corporations'') to 
file certain information returns with respect to those corporations, 
including information related to transactions between the reporting 
corporation and each foreign person which is a related party to the 
reporting corporation. This information is reported on Form 5472, 
``Information Return of a 25% Foreign-Owned U.S. Corporation or a 
Foreign Corporation Engaged in a U.S. Trade or Business.'' In order to 
effectively administer and enforce section 250, the proposed 
regulations provide that controlling U.S. persons or reporting 
corporations, as described above, that claim a deduction under section 
250 determined by reference to FDII with respect to amounts reported on 
Form 5471, 5472, or 8865 must report certain information relating to 
transactions with foreign business entities or related parties in 
accordance with sections 6038 and 6038A. See proposed Sec. Sec.  
1.6038-2(f)(15), 1.6038-3(g)(4), and 1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv).

[[Page 8201]]

    Certain partnerships and their partners also have reporting 
requirements under sections 6031 and 6038 with respect to partnership 
income. A domestic partnership is generally required to file an annual 
information return (Form 1065, ``U.S. Return of Partnership Income'') 
and provide information to its partners on Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), 
``Partner's Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc.,'' with respect 
to each partner's distributive share of partnership items and other 
information. See section 6031 and Sec.  1.6031(b)-1T. The proposed 
regulations provide that a partnership that has one or more direct or 
indirect partners that are domestic corporations and that is required 
to file a return under section 6031 must furnish on Schedule K-1 (Form 
1065) the partner's share of the partnership's gross DEI, gross FDDEI, 
deductions that are definitely related to the partnership's gross DEI 
and gross FDDEI, and partnership QBAI for each taxable year in which 
the partnership has gross DEI, gross FDDEI, or partnership specified 
tangible property. See proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(e)(2). Although a 
foreign partnership that does not have income effectively connected 
with a trade or business within the United States or U.S. source income 
is not required to file Form 1065, a U.S. person who owns a ten-percent 
interest or a fifty-percent interest of a foreign partnership 
controlled by U.S. persons is required to report certain information 
under section 6038. Similar to the requirements for partnership 
reporting on Form 1065, the proposed regulations require controlling 
ten-percent partners and controlling fifty-percent partners (as defined 
in Sec.  1.6038-3(a)(1) and (2)) of certain foreign partnerships 
controlled by U.S. persons to report on Schedule K-1 (Form 8865), 
``Partner's Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc.,'' the partner's 
share of the partnership's gross DEI, gross FDDEI, deductions that are 
definitely related to the partnership's gross DEI and gross FDDEI, and 
partnership QBAI. See proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4).

VII. Applicability Dates

    Proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6 are proposed to 
apply to taxable years ending on or after March 4, 2019. See section 
7805(b)(1)(B). However, the Treasury Department and the IRS recognize 
that these rules may apply to transactions that have occurred before 
the filing of these proposed regulations and that taxpayers may not be 
able to obtain the documentation required for transactions that have 
already been completed. Accordingly, for taxable years beginning on or 
before March 4, 2019, taxpayers may use any reasonable documentation 
maintained in the ordinary course of the taxpayer's business that 
establishes that a recipient is a foreign person, property is for a 
foreign use (within the meaning of proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d) and 
(e)), or a recipient of a general service is located outside the United 
States (within the meaning of proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(2) and 
(e)(2)), as applicable, in lieu of the documentation required in 
proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2), (d)(3), and (e)(3) and 1.250(b)-
5(d)(3) and (e)(3), provided that such documentation meets the 
reliability requirements described in proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d). 
Reasonable documentation includes, but is not limited to, documents 
described in or similar to the documents described in proposed 
Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2), (d)(3), and (e)(3) and 1.250(b)-5(d)(3) 
and (e)(3). For this purpose, reasonable documentation also includes 
the documentation described in the special rules for small businesses 
and small transactions in proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2)(ii) and 
(d)(3)(ii) and 1.250(b)-5(d)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(ii), even if the 
taxpayer would not otherwise qualify for the special rules. The 
Treasury Department and the IRS welcome comments on this special 
applicability date rule.
    Proposed Sec.  1.962-1(b)(1)(i)(B)(3), which allows individuals 
making an election under section 962 to take into account the section 
250 deduction, is proposed to apply to taxable years of a foreign 
corporation ending on or after March 4, 2019, and with respect to a 
U.S. person, for the taxable year in which or with which such taxable 
year of the foreign corporations ends. See id. Taxpayers may rely on 
proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6 and Sec.  1.962-
1(b)(1)(i)(B)(3) for taxable years ending before May 4, 2019.
    Proposed Sec.  1.1502-50 is proposed to apply to consolidated 
return years ending on or after the date of publication of the Treasury 
decision adopting these rules as final regulations in the Federal 
Register. See sections 1503(a) and 7805(b)(1)(A). Taxpayers may rely on 
proposed Sec.  1.1502-50 for taxable years ending before the date of 
publication of the Treasury decision adopting these rules as final 
regulations in the Federal Register.
    Proposed Sec. Sec.  1.6038-2(f)(15) and 1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv) are 
proposed to apply with respect to information for annual accounting 
periods beginning on or after May 4, 2019. See sections 6038(a)(3) and 
7805(b)(1)(B). Proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4) is proposed to apply to 
taxable years of a foreign partnership beginning on or after May 4, 
2019. See section 7805(b)(1)(B).

Special Analyses

I. Regulatory Planning and Review--Economic Analysis

    Executive Orders 13563 and 12866 direct agencies to assess costs 
and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is 
necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits 
(including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety 
effects, distributive impacts, and equity). Executive Order 13563 
emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, of 
reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility.
    These proposed regulations have been designated as economically 
significant by the Office of Management and Budget's Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) and subject to review under 
Executive Order 12866 pursuant to the Memorandum of Agreement (April 
11, 2018) between the Treasury Department and the Office of Management 
and Budget regarding review of tax regulations.
A. Background
    As described in part I of the Explanation of Provisions section, 
the section 250 deduction is an important component of the changes to 
the U.S. international tax system included in the Act. The purpose of 
the section 250 deduction is to minimize the role that U.S. tax 
considerations play in a domestic corporation's decision whether to 
service foreign markets directly or through a controlled foreign 
corporation (``CFC''). See Senate Explanation, at 370 (``[O]ffering 
similar, preferential rates for intangible income derived from serving 
foreign markets, whether through U.S.-based operations or through CFCs, 
reduces or eliminates the tax incentive to locate or move intangible 
income abroad, thereby limiting one margin where the Code distorts 
business investment decisions.''). Further, the section 250 deduction 
protects the U.S. tax base against base erosion incentives created by 
the new participation exemption system established under section 245A, 
discussed in part I of the Explanation of Provisions section. At the 
most basic level, the section 250 deduction is allowed to a domestic 
corporation with respect to its intangible income derived from foreign 
markets, resulting in a lower effective rate of U.S. tax on its global 
intangible low-taxed income

[[Page 8202]]

(``GILTI'') and foreign-derived intangible income (``FDII'').
    The Act defines a corporation's FDII as the portion of its return 
in excess of a return on tangible assets that is derived from serving 
foreign markets, while it defines a corporation's GILTI as the portion 
of its return in excess of a return on tangible assets that is derived 
through its foreign affiliates. FDII and GILTI are calculated through 
formulas set out in sections 250 and 951A, respectively. For taxable 
years between 2018 and 2026, section 250 generally allows a deduction 
equal to the sum of 37.5 percent of the corporation's FDII plus 50 
percent of its GILTI (thereafter, these deductions are reduced to 
21.875 percent and 37.5 percent, respectively). These deduction rates 
produce comparable tax rates on income earned from serving foreign 
markets, regardless of where such income is earned. Different 
percentages are required by the Act to achieve approximate parity, 
given that the 80 percent limitation on foreign tax credits in section 
960(d) results in additional U.S. tax.\2\ More specifically, the Act 
defines a domestic corporation's FDII as its deemed intangible income 
(``DII'') multiplied by the percentage of its deduction eligible income 
(``DEI'') that is foreign-derived deduction eligible income 
(``FDDEI''). The Act defines DEI as the excess of the corporation's 
gross income (with certain exclusions \3\) over deductions (including 
taxes) properly allocable to the income. The Act defines DII as the 
excess (if any) of its DEI over 10 percent of its qualified business 
asset investment (``QBAI''), or tangible asset base. The Act defines 
FDDEI as DEI derived from sales of property to foreign persons for 
foreign use and from the provision of services to persons, or with 
respect to property, located outside the United States. Finally, if the 
sum of a corporation's FDII and GILTI exceeds its taxable income 
(determined without regard to section 250), then the Act requires that 
the amount of FDII and GILTI for which a deduction is allowed is 
reduced pro rata by the excess. While the Act provides the framework 
for determining a domestic corporation's FDII, it grants discretion to 
the Secretary to establish how certain requirements, such as whether 
sales are for a foreign use, are satisfied. See sections 250(b)(4)(A) 
and (B), (b)(5)(C)(i)(II), and (b)(5)(C)(ii). In addition, the Act does 
not address all of the details necessary to calculate FDII, such as the 
allocation of expenses. Further, the Act is unclear regarding whether 
the section 250 deduction for FDII is available for certain foreign 
military sales or services and whether a section 250 deduction for 
GILTI is available for an individual taxpayer making a section 962 
election. The following analysis describes the need for the proposed 
regulations and discusses the costs and benefits relative to the 
baseline, as well as the important alternative regulatory choices that 
were considered.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ At the most basic level, abstracting from various 
complexities of the GILTI regime, the 21 percent U.S. statutory rate 
with a 50 percent deduction for GILTI implies that at foreign 
effective rates in excess of 10.5 percent (assuming no U.S. 
expenses), foreign tax credits are sufficient to fully offset U.S. 
tax on GILTI income. However, the GILTI regime limits foreign tax 
credits to 80 percent of their total value, so a ``baseline'' GILTI 
scenario, with zero expense allocations, implies that foreign tax 
credits can fully offset U.S. tax on GILTI at foreign effective tax 
rates in excess of 13.125 percent (i.e., 10.5/0.8). The section 250 
deduction for FDII is also intended to have a ``baseline rate'' of 
13.125 percent (i.e., 0.21 x (1-0.375)); typically foreign tax 
credits are not relevant for FDII, and there is no 80 percent 
limitation applied to foreign tax credits with respect to FDII.
    \3\ The exclusions are: (1) Subpart F inclusions (section 951); 
(2) GILTI; (3) financial services income (as defined in section 
904(d)(2)(D)); (4) dividends received from the corporation's CFCs; 
(5) domestic oil and gas extraction income; and (6) foreign branch 
income (as defined in section 904(d)(2)(J)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. The Need for Proposed Regulations
    The purpose of the proposed regulations is to provide guidance to 
taxpayers in determining the amount of their deduction under section 
250. Section 250(c) states that ``[t]he Secretary shall prescribe such 
regulations or other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to 
carry out the provisions of [section 250].'' Therefore, the proposed 
regulations seek to provide the detail, structure, and language 
required to implement section 250.
    The proposed regulations seek to assist taxpayers in calculating 
the allowable section 250 deduction, for example, by providing details 
on how to compute FDII, and the components of FDII such as QBAI, DEI, 
and FDDEI. In particular, with respect to FDDEI, the proposed 
regulations provide guidance on which sales of property and which 
provisions of services generate gross income included in FDDEI, and on 
how to allocate expenses to such gross income to determine FDDEI.
    In addition, the proposed regulations provide an ordering rule to 
coordinate the computation of the section 250 taxable income limitation 
with the taxable income limitations across other provisions of the 
Code.
    The proposed regulations also seek to clarify that the section 250 
deduction for FDII is available for certain foreign military sales and 
services. In addition, the proposed regulations allow a section 250 
deduction to individual taxpayers with respect to GILTI if they make an 
election under section 962.
    Finally and importantly, the proposed regulations also seek to 
provide clarity and guidance regarding the types of documentation 
required to substantiate that, in fact, sales of property are to 
foreign persons for a foreign use and provisions of services are to 
persons, or with respect to property, located outside the United 
States. In developing the proposed regulations, the Treasury Department 
and the IRS sought to balance the need for rigorous documentation to 
ensure compliance with the desire to minimize administrative burden and 
costs to taxpayers.
C. Baseline
    The economic analysis that follows compares the proposed 
regulations to a no-action baseline reflecting anticipated Federal 
income tax-related behavior in the absence of the proposed regulations. 
A no-action baseline reflects the current environment including the 
existing international tax regulations, prior to any amendment by the 
proposed regulations.
D. Cost and Benefits of the Proposed Regulations and Potential 
Alternatives
    The proposed regulations provide certainty, clarity, and 
consistency in the application of the section 250 deduction by 
unambiguously defining terms, calculations, and acceptable forms of 
documentation, and also by making clear the conditions under which 
military sales are eligible to claim the deduction. In the absence of 
such guidance, the chance that different taxpayers would interpret the 
statute differently would be exacerbated. Similarly situated taxpayers 
might interpret the statutory rules pertaining to particular sales or 
services differently, with one taxpayer pursuing a sale that another 
taxpayer might decline to make, because of different interpretations of 
how the income would be treated under section 250. If this second 
taxpayer's activity were more profitable, an economic loss arises. Such 
situations are more likely to arise in the absence of guidance. While 
no guidance can curtail all differential or inaccurate interpretations 
of the statute, the proposed regulations will significantly mitigate 
the chance for such interpretations and thereby increase economic 
efficiency.
    In general, the Treasury Department and the IRS expect that in the 
absence of this guidance, taxpayers would undertake fewer eligible 
sales and services. Thus, the proposed regulation will generally 
enhance U.S. sales and

[[Page 8203]]

services across all eligible activities. The Treasury Department and 
the IRS have not made quantitative estimates of these effects.
    The benefits and costs of major, specific provisions of these 
proposed regulations relative to the no-action baseline and 
alternatives to these proposed rules considered by the Treasury 
Department and the IRS are discussed in further detail below.
1. Documentation Requirements
    The proposed regulations set forth what forms of documentation can 
be used to substantiate that receipts qualify as ``foreign-derived'' 
for purposes of FDII and the section 250 deduction. In general, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS weighed the compliance burden imposed 
on taxpayers from documentation requirements against the need for 
documentation to be sufficiently rigorous in establishing foreign use 
or the location of a person that receives a service. Because the 
statute provides different requirements for sales or services to 
qualify for a section 250 deduction and the proposed regulations 
provide different requirements depending on the type of sale or the 
type of service, and because documentation needs to be tailored to the 
applicable requirement, the proposed regulations specify different 
types of acceptable documentation for different types of transactions. 
In particular, documentation requirements vary with respect to the 
determination of whether a sale of property is to a foreign person, 
whether a sale of general property is for a foreign use, whether a sale 
of intangible property is for a foreign use, whether an individual 
consumer of a general service is located outside the United States, and 
whether a business recipient of a general service is located outside 
the United States.
    In each case, the proposed regulations provide that the list of 
acceptable documentation constitutes reasonable proof that a 
transaction is a FDDEI transaction. In general, the types of 
documentation listed are readily accessible to most taxpayers. For 
example, with respect to demonstrating foreign use for general 
property, taxpayers can show evidence of shipment to a location outside 
the United States (presuming that the seller has no knowledge or reason 
to know that that information is unreliable or incorrect).
    To further reduce compliance burdens, the proposed regulations 
allow additional flexibility for particular types of taxpayers or 
transactions. For example, throughout the proposed regulations, small 
businesses (defined in the proposed regulations as taxpayers with less 
than $10 million of gross receipts annually) are subject to less 
stringent documentation requirements because their smaller scale makes 
compliance more burdensome for them and makes the sophisticated tax 
minimization planning that can sometimes characterize abuse unlikely. 
Small transactions (defined in the proposed regulations as less than 
$5,000 of gross receipts from a single recipient) are also subject to 
less stringent documentation requirements, because the fixed costs of 
compliance likely account for a larger fraction of the profit on small 
transactions, and large scale abuse is less likely. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS request comments on whether the thresholds in 
the proposed regulations for small businesses and small transactions 
are appropriate and especially solicit comments that provide data, 
other evidence, and models that can enhance the rigor of the process by 
which such thresholds are determined. Further, the proposed regulations 
allow a more flexible approach for the documentation of sales of 
fungible general property because it is burdensome and unnecessary to 
track each sale of a fungible item as long as the taxpayer can 
establish by documentation that a certain percentage of the fungible 
property is for a foreign use.
    In determining appropriate documentation requirements, the Treasury 
Department and the IRS balanced the rigor and reliability of the proof 
that transactions are foreign-derived with the cost to taxpayers of 
obtaining such documentation. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
considered a spectrum of trade-offs between the rigor of proof of 
foreign use and the burden such proof would impose on taxpayers. One 
option considered was allowing only the most stringent form of 
documentation in each case (for example, a written statement of foreign 
use made under penalties of perjury, plus evidence of such use) without 
any flexibility, but this was deemed overly burdensome for taxpayers 
and foreign buyers. Overly burdensome documentation requirements might 
shift transactions to sellers that do not need or cannot use the FDII 
deduction, or it may discourage foreign persons from transacting with a 
U.S. seller or renderer. The Treasury Department and the IRS aimed to 
propose rules that would not alter economic decisions because of these 
concerns. In addition, highly burdensome rules may lead to abuse. For 
example, a foreign buyer that falsifies documentation provided to a 
domestic corporation to allow the corporation to obtain a deduction 
would not be subject to penalties by the IRS. Because the incentives 
for compliance by foreign buyers are limited (for example, contractual 
liability between the parties), the burden should also be limited. In 
comparison, chapters 3 and 4 of subtitle A of the Code require U.S. 
financial institutions to withhold on certain payments to foreign 
persons if they do not provide documentation. Because of the 
enforcement mechanism built into the statutes in chapters 3 and 4 
(i.e., withholding), the IRS can require stricter documentation (for 
example, most foreign persons have to provide to the financial 
institution a specific IRS form, completed and signed under penalties 
of perjury, and in some cases must attach additional documentation on 
underlying payees).
    The Treasury Department and the IRS also considered a system in 
which taxpayers submitted documentation in advance of a potential FDDEI 
transaction for the IRS to review and determine whether the 
documentation is sufficient. This option was rejected because the time 
involved would delay normal business transactions.
    A third option that the Treasury Department and the IRS considered 
was to allow a taxpayer to use its discretion to determine what type of 
documentation is appropriate, but this would not provide sufficient 
clarity and assurance to taxpayers and is potentially open to abuse. 
For each type of transaction, the Treasury Department and the IRS chose 
to allow a menu of acceptable documentation options that vary according 
to the type of transaction, and selected documentation options that 
would be readily available to the taxpayer whenever possible. By 
allowing taxpayers to, in some cases, rely on documents already 
obtained in the normal course of business, the proposed regulations 
impose essentially zero documentation cost in such cases. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS request comments on the approaches and decisions 
relating to documentation requirements discussed in this part I(D)(1) 
of this Special Analyses section. See part II of this Special Analyses 
section regarding the Paperwork Reduction Act for additional discussion 
on the expected paperwork burden of these documentation requirements.
2. Computation of the Ratio of FDDEI to DEI
    The proposed regulations provide guidance on the computation of the 
foreign-derived ratio. As noted in part I(A) of this Special Analyses 
section, the

[[Page 8204]]

Act defines a corporation's FDII as its DII multiplied by the 
corporation's foreign-derived ratio, which is the ratio of its DEI to 
its FDDEI. The proposed regulations specify that, for purposes of 
determining the numerator of the foreign-derived ratio, the domestic 
corporation must allocate expenses to its gross FDDEI. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS deemed this approach the most consistent with 
the statute by providing what the Treasury Department and the IRS have 
determined to be the most accurate measure of the corporation's income 
that is ``foreign-derived,'' through matching of expenses to gross 
income.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS considered two other 
approaches; one, in which the foreign-derived ratio would be computed 
as the ratio of foreign versus U.S. gross receipts and another in which 
the ratio would be computed as foreign versus U.S. gross income. The 
Treasury Department and the IRS have determined that both of these 
approaches would result in a less accurate measure of foreign-derived 
net income. The Treasury Department and the IRS have determined that 
these alternative approaches could also reward low margin (or even 
loss-leading) sales or services to foreign markets by allowing a 
section 250 deduction due to positive gross receipts or income from 
foreign sources, even if the net income from foreign sources after 
allocated expenses is zero or negative. The Treasury Department and the 
IRS have determined that the chosen alternative generally provides the 
most accurate computation of FDII but solicit comments on whether an 
alternative method would be more appropriate.
3. Military Sales
    Section 250 requires sales to be made to a foreign person and 
services to be provided to a person located outside the United States 
but does not include specific rules applicable to foreign military 
sales or services. For example, many sales of military equipment and 
services by a U.S. defense contractor to a foreign government are 
structured, pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act, as sales and 
services provided to the U.S. government for resale or on-service to 
the foreign government. See part III(B)(2) of the Explanation of 
Provisions section for additional discussion of the Arms Export Control 
Act. In effect, the contractor is selling goods and services to a 
foreign person, but the sale is technically made to the U.S. 
government. The Treasury Department and the IRS recognize that the 
statute is unclear as to whether certain foreign military sales and 
services can qualify for the section 250 deduction, due to the concern 
that a foreign military sale or service pursuant to the Arms Export 
Control Act would not qualify as a sale or service to a foreign person 
since the sale is actually made to the U.S. government and not to a 
foreign person or a person located outside the United States.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS considered several options for 
addressing this issue. One option was not addressing this issue in the 
proposed regulations. This option was rejected because the Treasury 
Department and the IRS determined that it would perpetuate uncertainty 
about the application of section 250 to foreign military sales and 
services and could result in economic inequities if some taxpayers took 
the position that foreign military sales and services qualify for a 
section 250 deduction but other similarly-situated taxpayers took the 
position that such sales and services do not qualify. A second option 
the Treasury Department and the IRS considered was to clarify that a 
foreign military sale or service through the U.S. government can never 
qualify for a section 250 deduction. However, this option was rejected 
because the Treasury Department and the IRS determined that it would 
treat taxpayers in the defense industry inequitably relative to other 
industries by denying them a section 250 deduction with respect to a 
significant amount of their foreign market sales or services. A third 
option the Treasury Department and the IRS considered was to allow any 
sale or service to a U.S. person that acts as an intermediary and does 
not take on the benefits and burdens of ownership to potentially 
qualify for a section 250 deduction if there is an ultimate foreign 
recipient. This option was rejected because the Treasury Department and 
the IRS determined that such a broad exception would allow multiple 
deductions in instances where both the seller and the intermediary 
buyer are U.S. taxpayers, because both the seller and the intermediary 
could potentially qualify for a section 250 deduction. In contrast, the 
U.S. government is not a taxpayer eligible for a section 250 deduction 
so only the seller would benefit from a special rule for military 
exports. Furthermore, determining whether a party is an 
``intermediary'' for this purpose would require a complex facts and 
circumstances analysis of whether the party had the benefits and 
burdens of ownership, which could create uncertainty in the application 
of section 250 with respect to any transaction in which property or 
services are sold for resale or on-service.
    The proposed regulations provide uniform tax treatment across the 
economy by generally allowing all sectors to claim the section 250 
deduction, subject to other applicable rules. Otherwise, certain sales 
and services by the defense industry that are clearly intended for a 
foreign use, and that satisfy all other requirements under section 250, 
would be denied the benefit solely as a result of such sales or 
services being first made to the U.S. government under the Arms Export 
Control Act, whereas other industries that are not subject to the Arms 
Export Control Act would not have this concern. Therefore, the proposed 
regulations provide that foreign military sales or services to the U.S. 
government under the Arms Export Control Act would be treated as a sale 
of property or provision of a service to a foreign person. This rule 
seeks to provide uniform tax treatment between the defense sector and 
other sectors of the U.S. economy with respect to sales and services 
that are clearly meant for a foreign use.
4. Section 962
    The section 250 deduction for FDII and GILTI is available only to 
domestic corporations. However, Congress enacted section 962 in Public 
Law 89-834 (1962) to ensure that individuals' tax burdens with respect 
to undistributed foreign earnings of their CFCs are comparable with 
their tax burdens if they had held their CFCs through a domestic 
corporation. See S. Rept. 1881, 87th Cong., 2d Sess. 92 (1962). 
Allowing a section 250 deduction with respect to GILTI of an individual 
(including an individual that is a shareholder of an S corporation or a 
partner in a partnership) that makes an election under section 962 
provides comparable treatment for this income.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS considered two options with 
respect to extending the section 250 deduction to individuals (which 
include, for this purpose, individual partners in partnerships and 
individual shareholders in S corporations) that make an election under 
section 962. The first option considered was to not allow the deduction 
for individuals. Not allowing the section 250 deduction would require 
that individuals that own their CFCs directly (or indirectly through a 
partnership or S corporation) transfer the stock of their CFCs to new 
U.S. corporations in order to obtain the benefit of the section 250 
deduction. The Treasury Department and the IRS determined that such 
reorganization

[[Page 8205]]

would be economically costly, both in terms of legal fees and 
substantive economic costs related to organizing and operating new 
corporate entities. The second option considered was to give 
individuals the section 250 deduction with respect to their GILTI if 
they make the section 962 election. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
determined that allowing individuals the section 250 deduction would 
improve economic efficiency by preventing the need for costly 
restructuring solely for the purpose of tax savings. This is the option 
adopted by the Treasury Department and the IRS in the proposed 
regulations. The Treasury Department and the IRS welcome comments on 
whether an alternative approach would be more appropriate.

II. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The proposed regulations provide the authority for the IRS to 
require taxpayers to file certain forms (identified and discussed in 
further detail below) with the IRS to obtain the benefit of the section 
250 deduction. In order to provide advance notice and solicit public 
comment, the IRS released drafts of the relevant forms in 2018 based on 
the statutory language and requested comments. The IRS received no 
comments on the forms during the comment period. The 2018 versions of 
the forms that were released in 2018 are available at https://www.irs.gov/forms-instructions. The Treasury Department and the IRS are 
not proposing to make any changes to those forms through these 
regulations. The Treasury Department and the IRS are also soliciting 
public comment on the forms and paperwork requirements in general 
discussed in the proposed regulations. The Treasury Department and the 
IRS specifically request comments on whether there are (1) ways to 
reduce the burdens associated with the forms, (2) opportunities to 
clarify the forms or associated instructions, or (3) ways to improve 
the quality of the collections in general.
    The proposed regulations require all taxpayers with a section 250 
deduction to file one new form (Form 8993). The proposed regulations 
also authorize the IRS to request additional information on several 
existing forms (Forms 1065 (Schedule K-1), 5471, 5472, and 8865) if the 
filer of the form has a deduction under section 250. With respect to 
Forms 5471, 5472, and 8993, the proposed regulations do not specify the 
information that will be required from taxpayers that have a section 
250 deduction, but instead provide that this information will be 
prescribed by the forms and instructions. With respect to Forms 1065 
(Schedule K-1) and 8865, the proposed regulations specify the 
additional information that must be provided. For additional 
explanation of the reporting requirements contained in these proposed 
regulations, see part VI of the Explanation of Provisions section. The 
rest of this part II of the Special Analyses section provides 
additional details on forms and information about the paperwork burden.
    The information collection burdens under the Paperwork Reduction 
Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. (``PRA'') from the proposed regulations are 
in proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(a)-1(d), 1.250(b)-1(e)(2), 1.6038-
2(f)(15), 1.6038-3(g)(4), and 1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv).
    The collection of information in proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(d) would 
be mandatory for each domestic corporation claiming a deduction under 
section 250 as well as for any individual making an election under 
section 962 that claims a deduction under section 250 attributable to 
the individual's GILTI. The collection of information in proposed Sec.  
1.250(a)-1(d) is pursuant to sections 6001 and 6011 and would be 
satisfied by submitting a new reporting form, Form 8993, ``Section 250 
Deduction for Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (FDII) and Global 
Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI),'' with an income tax return. For 
purposes of the PRA, the reporting burden associated with proposed 
Sec.  1.250(a)-1(d) will be reflected in the PRA submission for new 
Form 8993 (OMB control numbers 1545-0123 in the case of business 
taxpayers, and 1545-0074 in the case of individual taxpayers).
    The collection of information in proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(e)(2) 
would require each partnership to provide to each of its partners the 
partner's distributive share of gross DEI, gross FDDEI, deductions that 
are definitely related to the partnership's gross DEI and gross FDDEI, 
and partnership QBAI. For purposes of the PRA, the reporting burden 
associated with proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(e)(2) would be reflected in 
the PRA submission for Form 1065 (OMB control number 1545-0123).
    The collection of information in proposed Sec.  1.6038-2(f)(15) 
would require every U.S. person that controls a foreign corporation 
during an annual accounting period and files Form 5471, ``Information 
Return of U.S. Persons With Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations,'' 
for that period. The collection of information in proposed Sec.  
1.6038-2(f)(15) would be satisfied by providing information about the 
section 250 deduction for the corporation's accounting period as Form 
5471 and its instructions may prescribe. For purposes of the PRA, the 
reporting burden on the applicable business taxpayers associated with 
proposed Sec.  1.6038-2(f)(15) will be reflected in the PRA submission 
for Form 5471 (OMB control number 1545-0123).
    The collection of information in proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4) 
would be mandatory for every U.S. person that controls a foreign 
partnership during the partnership tax year and files Form 8865, 
``Return of U.S. Persons With Respect to Certain Foreign 
Partnerships,'' for that period. The collection of information in 
proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4) would require a controlling ten-percent 
partner or controlling fifty-percent partner to provide to the IRS on 
Form 8865 its share of the partnership's gross DEI, gross FDDEI, 
deductions that are definitely related to the partnership's gross DEI 
and gross FDDEI, and partnership QBAI. For purposes of the PRA, the 
reporting burden associated with proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4) will be 
reflected in the PRA submission for Form 8865 (OMB control number 1545-
1668).
    The collection of information in proposed Sec.  1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv) 
would be mandatory for every reporting corporation that files Form 
5472, ``Information Return of a 25% Foreign-Owned U.S. Corporation or a 
Foreign Corporation Engaged in a U.S. Trade or Business,'' for the tax 
year. The collection of information in proposed Sec.  1.6038A-
2(b)(5)(iv) would be satisfied by providing information about the 
section 250 deduction for the tax year as Form 5472 and its 
instructions may prescribe. For purposes of the PRA, the reporting 
burden associated with proposed Sec.  1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv) will be 
reflected in the PRA submission for Form 5472 (OMB control number 1545-
0123).
    The tax forms that will be created or revised as a result of the 
information collections in the proposed regulations, as well as the 
estimated number of respondents, are as follows:

[[Page 8206]]



                                        Related New or Revised Tax Forms
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                   Number of
                                                                   New          Revision of       respondents
                                                                               existing form      (estimated)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 8993..................................................         [check]   ...............     75,000-350,000
Form 1065, Schedule K-1 (for corporate partners only,        ...............         [check]       15,000-45,000
 revision starting TY2020).................................
Form 5471..................................................  ...............         [check]       10,000-20,000
Form 8865..................................................  ...............         [check]             <10,000
Form 5472..................................................  ...............         [check]       50,000-80,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: RAAS:CDW and ITA

    The numbers of respondents in the Related New or Revised Tax Forms 
table were estimated by the Research, Applied Analytics and Statistics 
Division (``RAAS'') of the IRS from the Compliance Data Warehouse 
(``CDW''), using tax years 2014 through 2016; as well as based on 
export data from the International Trade Administration (``ITA'') for 
2015 and 2016. Tax data for 2017 are not yet available due to extended 
filing dates. Data for Form 8993 represent preliminary estimates of the 
total number of taxpayers that may be required to file the new Form 
8993. The upper bound estimate reflects the total number of exporting 
companies reported in the ITA data, as well as the CDW-based counts of 
individuals reporting related party transactions. The lower bound 
estimate reflects the CDW-based counts of individual and corporate 
taxpayers reporting related party transactions. Data for each of the 
Forms 1065, 5471, 5472, and 8865 represent preliminary estimates of the 
total number of taxpayers that are expected to file these revised forms 
regardless of whether that taxpayer must also file Form 8993.
    The current status of the Paperwork Reduction Act submissions 
related to the tax forms that will be revised as a result of the 
information collections in the proposed regulations is provided in the 
accompanying table. As described above, the reporting burdens 
associated with the information collections in the proposed regulations 
are included in the aggregated burden estimates for OMB control numbers 
1545-0123 (which represents a total estimated burden time for all forms 
and schedules for corporations of 3.157 billion hours and total 
estimated monetized costs of $58.148 billion ($2017)), 1545-0074 (which 
represents a total estimated burden time, including all other related 
forms and schedules for individuals, of 1.784 billion hours and total 
estimated monetized costs of $31.764 billion ($2017)), and 1545-1668 
(which represents a total estimated burden time for all related forms 
and schedules for other filers, in particular trusts and estates, of 
281,974 hours and total estimated monetized costs of $25.107 million 
($2017)). The overall burden estimates provided for the OMB control 
numbers below are aggregate amounts that relate to the entire package 
of forms associated with the applicable OMB control number and will in 
the future include, but not isolate, the estimated burden of the tax 
forms that will be created or revised as a result of the information 
collections in the proposed regulations. These numbers are therefore 
unrelated to the future calculations needed to assess the burden 
imposed by the proposed regulations. These burdens have been reported 
for other regulations related to the taxation of cross-border income 
and the Treasury Department and the IRS urge readers to recognize that 
these numbers are duplicates and to guard against overcounting the 
burden that international tax provisions imposed prior to the Act. No 
burden estimates specific to the forms affected by the proposed 
regulations are currently available. The Treasury Department and the 
IRS have not estimated the burden, including that of any new 
information collections, related to the requirements under the proposed 
regulations. The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on 
all aspects of information collection burdens related to the proposed 
regulations, including estimates for how much time it would take to 
comply with the paperwork burdens described above for each relevant 
form and ways for the IRS to minimize the paperwork burden.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Form                       Type of filer            OMB Number(s)                Status
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 8993 (NEW)......................  Business (NEW Model)...  1545-0123..............  Published in the
                                                                                          Federal Register
                                                                                          Notice (FRN) on 10/11/
                                                                                          18. Public Comment
                                                                                          period closed on 12/10/
                                                                                          18.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Link: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/09/2018-21846/proposed-collection-comment-request-for-forms-1065-1065-b-1066-1120-1120-c-1120-f-1120-h-1120-nd.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Individual (NEW Model).  1545-0074..............  Limited Scope
                                                                                          submission (1040
                                                                                          only). Full ICR
                                                                                          submission for 2019
                                                                                          for all forms in 3/
                                                                                          2019. 60 Day FRN not
                                                                                          published yet for full
                                                                                          collection for 2019.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Link: https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAViewICR?ref_nbr=201808-1545-031 031.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 1065, Schedule K-1..............  Business (NEW Model)...  1545-0123..............  Published in the FRN on
                                                                                          10/11/18. Public
                                                                                          Comment period closed
                                                                                          on 12/10/18.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Link: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/09/2018-21846/proposed-collection-comment-request-for-forms-1065-1065-b-1066-1120-1120-c-1120-f-1120-h-1120-nd.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 5471............................  Business (NEW Model)...  1545-0123..............  Published in the FRN on
                                                                                          10/11/18. Public
                                                                                          Comment period closed
                                                                                          on 12/10/18.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 8207]]

 
                                         Link: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/09/2018-21846/proposed-collection-comment-request-for-forms-1065-1065-b-1066-1120-1120-c-1120-f-1120-h-1120-nd.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 8865............................  All other filers         1545-1668..............  Published in the FRN on
                                        (mainly trusts and                                10/01/18. Public
                                        estates) (Legacy                                  Comment period closed
                                        system).                                          on 11/30/18.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Link: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/01/2018-21288/proposed-collection-comment-request-for-regulation-project.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 5472............................  Business (NEW Model)...  1545-0123..............  Published in the FRN on
                                                                                          10/11/18. Public
                                                                                          Comment period closed
                                                                                          on 12/10/18.
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Link: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/09/2018-21846/proposed-collection-comment-request-for-forms-1065-1065-b-1066-1120-1120-c-1120-f-1120-h-1120-nd.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    It is hereby certified that this notice of proposed rulemaking will 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities within the meaning of section 601(6) of the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6). Although the Treasury Department 
and the IRS project that the proposed regulations may affect a 
substantial number of small entities, the economic impact on small 
entities as a result of this notice of proposed rulemaking is not 
expected to be significant.
    The small business entities that are subject to section 250 and 
this notice of proposed rulemaking are small domestic corporations 
claiming a deduction under section 250 based on their FDII and GILTI. 
Pursuant to proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(d), taxpayers are required to 
file new Form 8993 to compute the amount of the eligible deduction for 
FDII and GILTI under section 250. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
estimate that there are between 75,000 and 350,000 respondents of all 
sizes that are likely to file Form 8993. The lower end estimate comes 
from IRS-collected data on related party transactions that are 
indicative of exports to related parties. These data provide a lower 
bound for the number of taxpayers that export since related party 
exports are only a part of total exports. The IRS does not collect 
information on exports to third parties; therefore, International Trade 
Administration (``ITA'') statistics of the number of companies engaged 
in export activities are used.\4\ The ITA data provide the upper bound 
of the estimate of affected taxpayers. The Treasury Department and the 
IRS welcome comments on the analysis of number of entities affected, 
particularly on how such analysis should take into account different 
industries. Additionally, under proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-1(e), a 
partnership that has one or more direct or indirect partners that are 
domestic corporations and that is required to file a return under 
section 6031 must furnish on Schedule K-1 (Form 1065) certain 
information that would allow the partner to accurately calculate its 
FDII. The Treasury Department and the IRS estimate the number of 
domestic corporations that are direct or indirect partners in a 
partnership affected by proposed Sec.  1.250(a)-1(e) is between 15,000 
and 45,000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ ITA data was accessed at http://tse.export.gov/EDB/SelectReports.aspx?DATA=ExporterDB in December, 2018.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In order to substantiate the amount of the section 250 deduction on 
Form 8993 related to the calculation of FDII for the sale of property 
or the provision of a service, the proposed regulations in Sec. Sec.  
1.250(b)-3 through 1.250(b)-5 prescribe different types of 
documentation that should be obtained for each transaction. As 
discussed in the Explanation of Provisions section of the preamble, the 
proposed regulations provide several types of permissible documentation 
for the purpose of determining the amount of a domestic corporation's 
income that is considered foreign-derived. For example, in the case of 
a sale of general property, the seller must (1) obtain documentation 
that establishes the recipient's status as a foreign person, such as a 
written statement by the recipient indicating that the recipient is a 
foreign person; and (2) obtain documentation that the property is for 
foreign use, such as proof of shipment of the property to a foreign 
address.
    To alleviate the burden of documentation on many small businesses 
and small transactions, the proposed regulations allow a seller that 
has less than $10,000,000 of gross receipts in the prior taxable year, 
or less than $5,000 in gross receipts from a single recipient during 
the current taxable year, to treat a recipient as a foreign person if 
the seller has a shipping address for the recipient that is outside the 
United States. The small business and small transaction exceptions to 
establish foreign person status are applicable to sales of both general 
property and intangible property. Furthermore, to establish that 
general property is for a foreign use, certain small businesses and 
businesses with small transactions may rely on the existence of a 
foreign shipping address for the recipient instead of obtaining 
documentation. The proposed regulations also contain small business and 
small transaction exceptions related to general services provided to 
consumers and business recipients. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
anticipate that a substantial share of small entities claiming a 
section 250 deduction will qualify for the small business and small 
transactions exceptions described above, thereby significantly reducing 
the overall burden of the proposed regulations on small entities. The 
Treasury Department and the IRS solicit comments on this issue.
    The reporting burden for completing Form 8993 is estimated to 
average 24 hours for all affected entities, regardless of size. The 
reporting burden on small entities (those with receipts below $10 
million in RAAS calculations) is estimated to average 15 hours. Based 
on the monetized hourly burden reported below, the annual per-entity 
reporting burden will be $1,067. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
project that compliance with the documentation requirements in the 
proposed regulations will have a de minimis or limited impact on all 
affected entities, regardless of size, as the majority of taxpayers 
will be able to use records that are maintained in the normal course of 
business. Small business entities that have less than $10 million of 
gross receipts in the prior taxable year, or less than $5,000 in gross 
receipts from a single recipient during the current taxable year, are 
expected to experience 0 to 5 minutes, with an average of 2.5 minutes, 
of recordkeeping

[[Page 8208]]

per transaction recipient. Taxpayers ineligible to qualify for either 
exception are expected to experience 0 to 30 minutes, with an average 
of 15 minutes, of recordkeeping per transaction recipient. These hourly 
estimates were derived by RAAS based the existence of exceptions 
available to small businesses, as well as based on the previously noted 
overlap between acceptable documentation and records kept in the normal 
course of business, suggesting limited impact. The hourly estimates 
include all associated activities: recordkeeping, tax planning, 
learning about the law, gathering tax materials, form completion and 
submissions, and time with a tax preparer or use of tax software. The 
estimated monetized burden for compliance is $71.14 per hour, a figure 
computed from the IRS Business Taxpayer Burden model which assigns each 
firm in the micro data a monetization rate based on total revenue and 
assets reported on their tax return. See Tax Compliance Burden (John 
Guyton et al., July 2018) at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/d13315.pdf. The assigned monetization rates include, in addition to 
wages, employer non-wage costs such as employment taxes, benefits, and 
overhead. For these reasons, the Treasury Department and the IRS have 
determined that the requirements in proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(a)-1 and 
1.250(b)-3 through 1.250(b)-6 will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. Therefore, a 
Regulatory Flexibility Analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act is 
not required with respect to proposed Sec. Sec.  1.250(a)-1 and 
1.250(b)-3 through 1.250(b)-6.
    The small business entities that are subject to proposed Sec.  
1.6038-2(f)(15) are domestic small business entities that are 
controlling U.S. shareholders of a foreign corporation and that claim a 
deduction under section 250 by reason of having FDII. For these 
purposes, a domestic small business entity controls a foreign 
corporation by owning more than 50 percent of that foreign 
corporation's stock, measured either by value or voting power. The data 
to assess the number of small entities potentially affected by Sec.  
1.6038-2(f)(15) are not readily available. However, businesses that are 
controlling U.S. shareholders of a foreign corporation are generally 
not small businesses because the ownership of sufficient stock in a 
foreign corporation in order to be a controlling U.S. shareholder 
generally entails significant resources and investment. Therefore, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS project that a substantial number of 
domestic small business entities will not be subject to proposed Sec.  
1.6038-2(f)(15). Consequently, the Treasury Department and the IRS have 
determined that proposed Sec.  1.6038-2(f)(15) will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
Therefore, a Regulatory Flexibility Analysis under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act is not required with respect to the collection of 
information requirements of proposed Sec.  1.6038-2(f)(15).
    The small business entities that are subject to proposed Sec.  
1.6038-3(g)(4) are domestic small entities that are controlling fifty-
percent partners or controlling ten-percent partners of a foreign 
partnership and that claim a deduction under section 250 by reason of 
having FDII. A controlling fifty-percent partner is a U.S. person that 
owns more than a fifty-percent interest in a foreign partnership. A 
controlling ten-percent partner is a U.S. person that owns a ten-
percent or greater interest in a foreign partnership that is controlled 
by U.S. persons owning at least a ten-percent interest. For these 
purposes, a fifty percent interest or ten percent interest in a 
partnership is an interest equal to fifty percent or ten percent of the 
capital or profits interest in a partnership, or an interest to which 
fifty percent or ten percent of the deductions or losses of the 
partnership are allocated, respectively. The data to assess the number 
of small entities potentially affected by proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4) 
are not readily available. However, businesses that are controlling 
fifty-percent partners or controlling ten-percent partners of a foreign 
partnership are generally not small businesses because the ownership of 
a sufficient interest in a foreign partnership in order to be a 
controlling fifty-percent partner or a controlling ten-percent partner 
generally entails significant resources and investment. Therefore, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS have determined that proposed Sec.  
1.6038-3(g)(4) will not affect a substantial number of domestic small 
business entities. Moreover, any increase in costs imposed by the rule 
is likely to be small, relative to total costs, for any entity. 
Consequently, the Treasury Department and the IRS have determined that 
proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4) will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. Therefore, a 
Regulatory Flexibility Analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act is 
not required with respect to the collection of information requirements 
of proposed Sec.  1.6038-3(g)(4).
    The small business entities that are subject to proposed Sec.  
1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv) are domestic small entities that are at least 25-
percent foreign-owned, by vote or value, that claim a deduction under 
section 250 by reason of having FDII. The data to assess the number of 
small entities potentially affected by proposed Sec.  1.6038A-
2(b)(5)(iv) is not readily available. However, domestic corporations 
that are at least 25-percent foreign-owned are generally not small 
businesses because a foreign person's ownership of at least 25 percent 
of a domestic corporation, whether by vote or value, generally entails 
significant resources and investment, and a foreign person is unlikely 
to expend such resources to invest in a small domestic entity. 
Therefore, the Treasury Department and the IRS project that a 
substantial number of domestic small business entities will not be 
subject to proposed Sec.  1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv). Consequently, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS have determined that that proposed 
Sec.  1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv) will not have a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities. Therefore, a Regulatory 
Flexibility Analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act is not 
required with respect to the collection of information requirements of 
proposed Sec.  1.6038A-2(b)(5)(iv).
    Notwithstanding this certification, the Treasury Department and the 
IRS invite comments from the public on both the number of entities 
affected and the economic impact of this proposed rule on small 
entities.
    Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Code, this notice of proposed 
rulemaking has been submitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the 
Small Business Administration for comment on its impact on small 
businesses.

IV. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 requires 
that agencies assess anticipated costs and benefits and take certain 
other actions before issuing a final rule that includes any Federal 
mandate that may result in expenditures in any one year by a state, 
local, or tribal government, in the aggregate, or by the private 
sector, of $100 million in 1995 dollars, updated annually for 
inflation. In 2018, that threshold is approximately $150 million. This 
rule does not include any Federal mandate that may result in 
expenditures by state, local, or tribal governments, or by the private 
sector in excess of that threshold.

[[Page 8209]]

V. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    Executive Order 13132 (entitled ``Federalism'') prohibits an agency 
from publishing any rule that has federalism implications if the rule 
either imposes substantial, direct compliance costs on state and local 
governments, and is not required by statute, or preempts state law, 
unless the agency meets the consultation and funding requirements of 
section 6 of the Executive Order. This proposed rule does not have 
federalism implications, does not impose substantial direct compliance 
costs on state and local governments, and does not preempt state law 
within the meaning of the Executive Order.

Comments and Requests for Public Hearing

    Before these proposed regulations are adopted as final regulations, 
consideration will be given to any written or electronic comments that 
are submitted timely to the IRS as prescribed in this preamble under 
the ADDRESSES section. Comments are requested on all aspects of the 
proposed regulations. In addition, the Treasury Department and the IRS 
solicit comments regarding the appropriateness of the numerical 
thresholds in the following provisions, along with data, other 
evidence, and models that can enhance the rigor of the process by which 
such thresholds are determined: proposed Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2)(ii), 
(d)(2)(iii)(C), (d)(2)(iv), (d)(3)(ii) and (iii); proposed Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(c)(5), (c)(6), (d)(3)(ii), (e)(3)(ii), and (h); and proposed 
Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1)(ii) and (d)(2).
    All comments will be available at http://www.regulations.gov or 
upon request. A public hearing will be scheduled if requested in 
writing by any person that timely submits written comments. If a public 
hearing is scheduled, notice of the date, time, and place for the 
public hearing will be published in the Federal Register.

Drafting Information

    The principal authors of these proposed regulations are Kenneth 
Jeruchim of the Office of the Associate Chief Counsel (International) 
and Michelle A. Monroy and Austin Diamond-Jones of the Office of 
Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate). However, other personnel from the 
Treasury Department and the IRS participated in their development.

Statement of Availability of IRS Documents

    IRS Revenue Procedures, Revenue Rulings, Notices, and other 
guidance cited in this document are published in the Internal Revenue 
Bulletin and are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. 
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, or by visiting the 
IRS website at http://www.irs.gov.

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1

    Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Proposed Amendments to the Regulations

    Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 1--INCOME TAXES

0
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 is amended by adding 
entries in numerical order for Sec. Sec.  1.250-1 and 1.250(a)-1 
through 1.250(b)-6, revising the entries for Sec. Sec.  1.1502-12 and 
1.1502-13, and adding an entry in numerical order for Sec.  1.1502-50 
to read in part as follows:

    Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805.
* * * * *
    Sections 1.250-1 and 1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6 also issued 
under 26 U.S.C. 250(c).
    Sections 1.250(a)-1 and 1.250(b)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 
6001 and 6011(a).
* * * * *
    Section 1.1502-12 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c) and 1502.
    Section 1.1502-13 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c) and 1502.
* * * * *
    Section 1.1502-50 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 250(c) and 1502.
* * * * *
0
Par. 2. Sections 1.250-0, 1.250-1, and 1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6 
are added to read as follows:

Sec.

* * * * *
1.250-0 Table of contents.
1.250-1 Introduction.
1.250(a)-1 Deduction for foreign-derived intangible income and 
global intangible low-taxed income.
1.250(b)-1 Computation of foreign-derived intangible income (FDII).
1.250(b)-2 Qualified business asset investment.
1.250(b)-3 FDDEI transactions.
1.250(b)-4 FDDEI sales.
1.250(b)-5 FDDEI services.
1.250(b)-6 Related party transactions.
* * * * *


Sec.  1.250-0  Table of contents.

    This section lists the table of contents for Sec. Sec.  1.250-1 
through 1.250(b)-6.


Sec.  1.250-1  Introduction.

    (a) Overview.
    (b) Applicability dates.


Sec.  1.250(a)-1  Deduction for foreign-derived intangible income and 
global intangible low-taxed income.

    (a) Scope.
    (b) Allowance of deduction.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Taxable income limitation.
    (3) Reduction in deduction for taxable years after 2025.
    (4) Treatment under section 4940.
    (c) Definitions.
    (1) Domestic corporation.
    (2) Foreign-derived intangible income.
    (3) Global intangible low-taxed income.
    (4) Section 250(a)(2) amount.
    (d) Reporting requirement.
    (e) Determination of deduction for consolidated groups.
    (f) Examples.


Sec.  1.250(b)-1  Computation of foreign-derived intangible income 
(FDII).

    (a) Scope.
    (b) Definition of foreign-derived intangible income.
    (c) Definitions.
    (1) Controlled foreign corporation.
    (2) Deduction eligible income.
    (3) Deemed intangible income.
    (4) Deemed tangible income return.
    (5) Dividend.
    (6) Domestic corporation.
    (7) Domestic oil and gas extraction income.
    (8) FDDEI sale.
    (9) FDDEI service.
    (10) FDDEI transaction.
    (11) Foreign branch income.
    (12) Foreign-derived deduction eligible income.
    (13) Foreign-derived ratio.
    (14) Gross DEI.
    (15) Gross FDDEI.
    (16) Gross non-FDDEI.
    (17) Modified affiliated group.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Special rule for noncorporate entities.
    (iii) Definition of control.
    (18) Qualified business asset investment.
    (19) Related party.
    (20) United States shareholder.
    (d) Treatment of cost of goods sold and allocation and 
apportionment of deductions.
    (1) Cost of goods sold for determining gross DEI and gross FDDEI.
    (2) Deductions properly allocable to gross DEI and gross FDDEI.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Determination of deductions to allocate.
    (3) Examples.
    (e) Domestic corporate partners.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Reporting requirement for partnership with domestic corporate 
partners.

[[Page 8210]]

    (3) Examples.
    (f) Determination of foreign-derived intangible income for 
consolidated groups.
    (g) Determination of foreign-derived intangible income for tax-
exempt corporations.


Sec.  1.250(b)-2  Qualified business asset investment.

    (a) Scope.
    (b) Definition of qualified business asset investment.
    (c) Specified tangible property.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Tangible property.
    (d) Dual use property.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Dual use ratio.
    (3) Example.
    (e) Determination of adjusted basis of specified tangible property.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Effect of change in law.
    (3) Specified tangible property placed in service before enactment 
of section 250.
    (f) Special rules for short taxable years.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Determination of quarter closes.
    (3) Reduction of qualified business asset investment.
    (4) Example.
    (g) Partnership property.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Definitions related to partnership QBAI.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Partnership QBAI ratio.
    (iii) Partnership specified tangible property.
    (3) Determination of adjusted basis.
    (4) Example.
    (h) Anti-avoidance rule for certain transfers of property.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Rule for structured arrangements.
    (3) Per se rules for certain transactions.
    (4) Definitions related to anti-avoidance rule.
    (i) Disqualified period.
    (ii) FDII-eligible related party.
    (iii) Specified related party.
    (iv) Transfer.
    (5) Examples.


Sec.  1.250(b)-3  FDDEI transactions.

    (a) Scope.
    (b) Definitions.
    (1) FDII filing date.
    (2) Foreign person.
    (3) General property.
    (4) Intangible property.
    (5) Recipient.
    (6) Renderer.
    (7) Sale.
    (8) Seller.
    (9) United States.
    (10) United States person.
    (11) United States territory.
    (c) Foreign military sales.
    (d) Reliability of documentation.
    (e) Transactions with multiple elements.
    (f) Treatment of certain loss transactions.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Example.
    (g) Treatment of partnerships.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Examples.


Sec.  1.250(b)-4  FDDEI sales.

    (a) Scope.
    (b) Definition of FDDEI sale.
    (c) Foreign person.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Documentation of status as a foreign person.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Special rules.
    (A) Special rule for small businesses.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions.
    (d) Foreign use for general property.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Determination of foreign use.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Determination of domestic use.
    (iii) Determination of manufacture, assembly, or other processing.
    (A) In general.
    (B) Property subject to a physical and material change.
    (C) Property incorporated into second product as a component.
    (iv) Determination of foreign use for transportation property.
    (3) Documentation of foreign use of general property.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Special rules.
    (A) Special rule for small businesses.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions.
    (iii) Sales of fungible mass of general property.
    (4) Examples.
    (e) Foreign use for intangible property.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Determination of foreign use.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Sales in exchange for periodic payments.
    (iii) Sales in exchange for a lump sum.
    (3) Documentation of foreign use of intangible property.
    (i) Documentation for sales for periodic payments.
    (ii) Certain sales to foreign unrelated parties
    (iii) Documentation for sales in exchange for a lump sum.
    (4) Examples.
    (f) Special rule for certain financial instruments.


Sec.  1.250(b)-5  FDDEI services.

    (a) Scope.
    (b) Definition of FDDEI service.
    (c) Definitions.
    (1) Benefit.
    (2) Business recipient.
    (3) Consumer.
    (4) General service.
    (5) Property service.
    (6) Proximate service.
    (7) Transportation service.
    (d) General services provided to consumers.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Location of consumer.
    (3) Documentation of location of consumer.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Special rules
    (A) Special rule for small businesses.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions.
    (e) General services provided to business recipients.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Location of business recipient.
    (i) In general.
    (A) Determination of business operations that benefit from the 
service.
    (B) Determination of amount of benefit conferred on operations 
outside the United States.
    (ii) Location of business recipient's operations.
    (3) Documentation of location of business recipient.
    (i) In general.
    (ii) Special rules.
    (A) Special rule for small businesses.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions.
    (4) Related parties.
    (5) Examples.
    (f) Proximate services.
    (g) Property services.
    (h) Transportation services.


Sec.  1.250(b)-6  Related party transactions.

    (a) Scope.
    (b) Definitions.
    (1) Foreign related party.
    (2) Foreign unrelated party.
    (3) Related party sale.
    (4) Related party service.
    (5) Unrelated party transaction.
    (c) Related party sales.
    (1) In general.
    (i) Sale of property in an unrelated party transaction.
    (ii) Use of property in an unrelated party transaction.
    (2) Treatment of foreign related party as seller or renderer.
    (3) Transactions between a foreign related party and other foreign 
related parties.
    (4) Example.
    (d) Related party services.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Substantially similar services.
    (3) Location of recipient of services provided by related party.
    (4) Examples.

[[Page 8211]]

Sec.  1.250-1  Introduction.

    (a) Overview. Sections 1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6 provide rules 
to determine a domestic corporation's section 250 deduction. Section 
1.250(a)-1 provides rules to determine the amount of a domestic 
corporation's deduction for foreign-derived intangible income and 
global intangible low-taxed income. Section 1.250(b)-1 provides general 
rules and definitions regarding the computation of foreign-derived 
intangible income. Section 1.250(b)-2 provides rules for determining a 
domestic corporation's qualified business asset investment. Section 
1.250(b)-3 provides general rules and definitions regarding the 
determination of gross foreign-derived deduction eligible income. 
Section 1.250(b)-4 provides rules regarding the determination of gross 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income from the sale of property. 
Section 1.250(b)-5 provides rules regarding the determination of gross 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income from the provision of a 
service. Section 1.250(b)-6 provides rules regarding the sale of 
property or provision of a service to a related party.
    (b) Applicability dates. Sections 1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6 
apply to taxable years ending on or after March 4, 2019. However, for 
taxable years beginning on or before March 4, 2019, taxpayers may use 
any reasonable documentation maintained in the ordinary course of the 
taxpayer's business that establishes that a recipient is a foreign 
person, property is for a foreign use (within the meaning of Sec.  
1.250(b)-4(d) and (e)), or a recipient of a general service is located 
outside the United States (within the meaning of Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(2) 
and (e)(2)), as applicable, in lieu of the documentation required in 
Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)(2), (d)(3), and (e)(3) and 1.250(b)-5(d)(3) 
and (e)(3), provided that such documentation meets the reliability 
requirements described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d).


Sec.  1.250(a)-1  Deduction for foreign-derived intangible income and 
global intangible low-taxed income.

    (a) Scope. This section provides rules for determining the amount 
of a domestic corporation's deduction for foreign-derived intangible 
income and global intangible low-taxed income. Paragraph (b) of this 
section provides general rules for determining the amount of the 
deduction. Paragraph (c) of this section provides definitions relevant 
for determining the amount of the deduction. Paragraph (d) of this 
section provides reporting requirements for a domestic corporation 
claiming the deduction. Paragraph (e) of this section provides a rule 
for determining the amount of the deduction of a member of a 
consolidated group. Paragraph (f) of this section provides examples 
illustrating the application of this section.
    (b) Allowance of deduction--(1) In general. A domestic corporation 
is allowed a deduction for any taxable year equal to the sum of--
    (i) 37.5 percent of its foreign-derived intangible income for the 
year; and
    (ii) 50 percent of--
    (A) Its global intangible low-taxed income for the year; and
    (B) The amount treated as a dividend received by the corporation 
under section 78 which is attributable to its global intangible low-
taxed income for the year.
    (2) Taxable income limitation. In the case of a domestic 
corporation with a section 250(a)(2) amount for a taxable year, for 
purposes of applying paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the year--
    (i) The corporation's foreign-derived intangible income for the 
year (if any) is reduced (but not below zero) by an amount that bears 
the same ratio to the corporation's section 250(a)(2) amount that the 
corporation's foreign-derived intangible income for the year bears to 
the sum of the corporation's foreign-derived intangible income and 
global intangible low-taxed income for the year; and
    (ii) The corporation's global intangible low-taxed income for the 
year (if any) is reduced (but not below zero) by the excess of the 
corporation's section 250(a)(2) amount over the amount of the reduction 
described in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section.
    (3) Reduction in deduction for taxable years after 2025. For any 
taxable year of a domestic corporation beginning after December 31, 
2025, paragraph (b)(1) of this section applies by substituting--
    (i) 21.875 percent for 37.5 percent in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this 
section; and
    (ii) 37.5 percent for 50 percent in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this 
section.
    (4) Treatment under section 4940. For purposes of section 
4940(c)(3)(A), a deduction under section 250(a) is not treated as an 
ordinary and necessary expense paid or incurred for the production or 
collection of gross investment income.
    (c) Definitions. The following definitions apply for purposes of 
this section.
    (1) Domestic corporation. The term domestic corporation has the 
meaning set forth in section 7701(a), but does not include a regulated 
investment company (as defined in section 851), a real estate 
investment trust (as defined in section 856), or an S corporation (as 
defined in section 1361).
    (2) Foreign-derived intangible income. The term foreign-derived 
intangible income has the meaning set forth in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(b).
    (3) Global intangible low-taxed income. The term global intangible 
low-taxed income means, with respect to a domestic corporation for a 
taxable year, the sum of the corporation's GILTI inclusion amount under 
Sec.  1.951A-1(c) for the taxable year and the corporation's 
distributive share of any U.S. shareholder partnership's GILTI 
inclusion amount under Sec.  1.951A-5(b)(2).
    (4) Section 250(a)(2) amount. The term section 250(a)(2) amount 
means, with respect to a domestic corporation for a taxable year, the 
excess (if any) of the sum of the corporation's foreign-derived 
intangible income and global intangible low-taxed income (determined 
without regard to section 250(a)(2) and paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section), over the corporation's taxable income determined with regard 
to all items of income, deduction, or loss, except for the deduction 
allowed under section 250 and this section. Therefore, for example, a 
domestic corporation's taxable income under the previous sentence is 
determined taking into account the application of sections 163(j) and 
172(a). For a corporation that is subject to the unrelated business 
income tax under section 511, taxable income is determined only by 
reference to that corporation's unrelated business taxable income 
defined under section 512.
    (d) Reporting requirement. Each domestic corporation (or individual 
making an election under section 962) that claims a deduction under 
section 250 for a taxable year must make an annual return on Form 8993, 
``Section 250 Deduction for Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (FDII) 
and Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI)'' (or any successor 
form) for such year, setting forth the information, in such form and 
manner, as Form 8993 (or any successor form) or its instructions 
prescribe. Returns on Form 8993 (or any successor form) for a taxable 
year must be filed with the domestic corporation's (or in the case of a 
section 962 election, the individual's) income tax return on or before 
the due date (taking into account extensions) for filing the 
corporation's (or in the case of a section 962 election, the 
individual's) income tax return.
    (e) Determination of deduction for consolidated groups. A member of 
a consolidated group (as defined in Sec.  1.1502-1(h)) determines its 
deduction

[[Page 8212]]

under section 250(a) and this section under the rules provided in Sec.  
1.1502-50(b).
    (f) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this section. For purposes of the examples, it is assumed that DC is a 
domestic corporation that is not a member of a consolidated group and 
the taxable year of DC begins after 2017 and before 2026.

     (1) Example 1: Application of the taxable income limitation--
(i) Facts. For the taxable year, without regard to section 250(a)(2) 
and paragraph (b)(2) of this section, DC has foreign-derived 
intangible income of $100x and global intangible low-taxed income of 
$300x. DC's taxable income (without regard to section 250(a) and 
this section) is $300x.
    (ii) Analysis. DC has a section 250(a)(2) amount of $100x, which 
is equal to the excess of the sum of DC's foreign-derived intangible 
income and global intangible low-taxed income of $400x ($100x + 
$300x) over its taxable income of $300x. As a result, DC's foreign-
derived intangible income and global intangible low-taxed income are 
reduced, in the aggregate, by $100x under section 250(a)(2) and 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section for purposes of calculating DC's 
deduction allowed under section 250(a)(1) and paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section. DC's foreign-derived intangible income is reduced by 
$25x, the amount that bears the same ratio to the section 250(a)(2) 
amount ($100x) as DC's foreign-derived intangible income ($100x) 
bears to the sum of DC's foreign-derived intangible income and 
global intangible low-taxed income ($400x). DC's global intangible 
low-taxed income is reduced by $75x, which is the remainder of the 
section 250(a)(2) amount ($100x-$25x). Therefore, for purposes of 
calculating its deduction under section 250(a)(1) and paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section, DC's foreign-derived intangible income is 
$75x ($100x-$25x) and its global intangible low-taxed income is 
$225x ($300x-$75x). Accordingly, DC is allowed a deduction for the 
taxable year under section 250(a)(1) and paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section of $140.63x ($75x x 0.375 + $225x x 0.50).
     (2) Example 2: Interaction of sections 163(j), 172, and 250--
(i) Facts. For the taxable year, DC has gross DEI (as defined in 
Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(14)) and gross FDDEI (as defined in Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(15)) of $300x. DC has no income for the taxable year 
other than income included in gross DEI. DC also has a net operating 
loss carryover to the taxable year under section 172(b) of $130x and 
business interest (as defined in section 163(j)(5), without regard 
to any carryforwards described in section 163(j)(2)) of $100x. Under 
Sec.  1.250(b)-1(d)(2), all of DC's interest expense is allocable to 
gross FDDEI and the net operating loss carryover, to the extent 
absorbed in the taxable year, is allocable to gross FDDEI. DC has no 
other allowable deductions, qualified business asset investment (as 
defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-2(b)), or global intangible low-taxed 
income for the taxable year. DC has no floor plan financing interest 
(as defined in section 163(j)(9)) for the taxable year and no 
business interest income (as defined in section 163(j)(6)) for the 
taxable year.
    (ii) Analysis--(A) Calculation of tentative section 250 
deduction for purposes of section 163(j). First, for purposes of 
applying section 163(j), the amount of the deduction allowed to DC 
under section 250(a)(1) is determined without regard to the 
application of section 163(j) and the section 163(j) regulations, 
without regard to section 172, and without regard to section 
250(a)(2) and paragraph (b)(2) of this section (tentative section 
250 deduction). See Sec.  1.163(j)-1(b)(37)(ii); see also Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(d)(2)(ii). Therefore, solely for purposes of calculating 
DC's tentative section 250 deduction, DC's allowable deductions 
under Sec.  1.250(b)-1(d)(2)(ii) for computing its foreign-derived 
intangible income are $100x, the amount of its business interest 
before the application of section 163(j). DC's deduction eligible 
income (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(2)) is $200x, the excess 
of its gross DEI (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(14)) of $300x, 
over its deductions properly allocable to gross DEI of $100x. DC's 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income (as defined in Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(12)) is also $200x, the excess of its gross FDDEI of 
$300x over its deductions properly allocable to gross FDDEI of 
$100x. DC's foreign-derived ratio (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(13)) is 100%, which is the ratio of DC's foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income of $200x to DC's deduction eligible income 
of $200x. DC's deemed intangible income (as defined Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(3)) is $200x, the excess of its deduction eligible income of 
$200x over its qualified business asset investment of $0. Therefore, 
DC's foreign-derived intangible income for purposes of the tentative 
section 250 deduction is $200x, which is equal to DC's deemed 
intangible income of $200x multiplied by its foreign-derived ratio 
of 100%. Accordingly, DC's tentative section 250 deduction is $75x 
($200x x 0.375).
    (B) Calculation of disallowance under section 163(j)(1). Second, 
the amount of DC's business interest deduction allowed under section 
163(j) is determined taking into account the tentative section 250 
deduction, but without regard to section 172(a). See section 
163(j)(8)(A)(iii). Under section 163(j)(1) and Sec.  1.163(j)-2(b), 
DC's deduction for business interest is limited to 30% of adjusted 
taxable income plus the amount of any business interest income for the 
taxable year and the amount of any floor plan financing interest for 
the taxable year. In this case, DC has no business interest income or 
floor plan financing interest for the taxable year and therefore DC's 
deduction for business interest is limited to 30% of DC's adjusted 
taxable income for the taxable year. DC's adjusted taxable income is 
equal to DC's taxable income with the relevant adjustments set forth 
under section 163(j)(8) and the regulations under section 163(j). For 
this purpose, DC's taxable income is computed without regard to DC's 
business interest and the amount of any net operating loss deduction 
under section 172, but taking into account the tentative section 250 
deduction. Taking into account the tentative section 250 deduction, 
DC's adjusted taxable income is $225x ($300x--$75x). Therefore, the 
amount of DC's allowable deduction for business interest is $67.5x 
($225x x 0.30) and the remaining $32.5x of DC's business interest 
expense will be carried forward to the succeeding taxable year.
    (C) Calculation of net operating loss deduction under section 
172(a). Third, the amount of DC's net operating loss deduction under 
section 172(a) is determined taking into account section 163(j), but 
without regard to section 250(a) and paragraph (b)(1) of this section. 
See Sec.  1.250(b)-1(d)(2)(ii). Under section 172(a)(2), the amount of 
DC's net operating loss deduction is limited to 80% of taxable income. 
Taking into account the allowable deduction for business interest (but 
not its deduction allowed under section 250(a)), DC's taxable income is 
$232.5x ($300x-$67.5x), and its taxable income limitation under section 
172(a)(2) is $186x ($232.5x x 0.80). DC is entitled to a net operating 
loss deduction equal to its entire net operating loss carryover of 
$130x, because such amount is less than $186x.
    (D) Calculation of FDII. Fourth, the amount of DC's foreign-derived 
intangible income is determined, taking into account the deductions 
allowed after the application of sections 163(j) and 172(a). DC's 
allowable deductions under Sec.  1.250(b)-1(d)(2)(ii) for computing its 
foreign-derived intangible income are $197.5x, which is equal to its 
allowed deduction for business interest of $67.5x plus its net 
operating loss deduction of $130x. Accordingly, DC's deduction eligible 
income (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(2)) is $102.5x, the excess of 
its gross DEI (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(14)) of $300x, over 
its deductions properly allocable to gross DEI of $197.5x. DC's 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income (as defined in Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(12)) is also $102.5x, the excess of its gross FDDEI of 
$300x, over its deductions properly allocable to gross FDDEI of 
$197.5x. DC's foreign-derived ratio (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(13)) is 100%, which is the ratio of DC's foreign-derived deduction 
eligible income of $102.5x to DC's deduction eligible income of 
$102.5x. DC's deemed intangible income (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(3)) is $102.5x, the excess of its deduction eligible income of 
$102.5x over its qualified business asset investment of $0. 
Accordingly, DC's foreign-derived intangible income before application 
of section 250(a)(2) and paragraph (b)(2) of this section is

[[Page 8213]]

$102.5x, which is equal to DC's deemed intangible income of $102.5x 
multiplied by its foreign-derived ratio of 100%.
    (E) Calculation of section 250 deduction. Finally, the amount of 
DC's deduction under section 250 is determined after the application of 
section 250(a)(2), which is applied taking into account DC's business 
interest allowed under section 163(j) and its net operating loss 
deduction under section 172(a). DC's taxable income for purposes of 
section 250(a)(2) and paragraph (b)(2) of this section is $102.5x, 
which is $300x of gross income minus $197.5x, which is equal to its 
deduction for business interest of $67.5x plus its net operating loss 
deduction of $130x. DC does not have a section 250(a)(2) amount (as 
defined in paragraph (c)(4) of this section) for the year because DC's 
foreign-derived intangible income of $102.5x, determined without regard 
to section 250(a)(2) and paragraph (b)(2) of this section, does not 
exceed DC's taxable income of $102.5x. Therefore, the amount of DC's 
foreign-derived intangible income is not reduced under section 
250(a)(2) and paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Accordingly, for the 
taxable year, DC is allowed a deduction under section 250(a)(1) and 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section of $38.44x ($102.5x x 0.375).


Sec.  1.250(b)-1  Computation of foreign-derived intangible income 
(FDII).

    (a) Scope. This section provides rules for computing foreign-
derived intangible income. Paragraph (b) of this section defines 
foreign-derived intangible income. Paragraph (c) of this section 
provides definitions that are relevant for computing foreign-derived 
intangible income. Paragraph (d) of this section provides rules for 
computing gross income and allocating and apportioning deductions for 
purposes of computing deduction eligible income and foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income. Paragraph (e) of this section provides rules 
for computing the deduction eligible income and foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income of a domestic corporate partner. Paragraph 
(f) of this section provides a rule for computing the foreign-derived 
intangible income of a member of a consolidated group. Paragraph (g) of 
this section provides a rule for computing the foreign-derived 
intangible income of a tax-exempt corporation.
    (b) Definition of foreign-derived intangible income. Subject to the 
provisions of this section, the term foreign-derived intangible income 
means, with respect to a domestic corporation for a taxable year, the 
corporation's deemed intangible income for the year multiplied by the 
corporation's foreign-derived ratio for the year.
    (c) Definitions. This paragraph (c) provides definitions that apply 
for purposes of this section and Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-2 through 
1.250(b)-6.
    (1) Controlled foreign corporation. The term controlled foreign 
corporation has the meaning set forth in section 957(a).
    (2) Deduction eligible income. The term deduction eligible income 
means, with respect to a domestic corporation for a taxable year, the 
excess (if any) of the corporation's gross DEI for the year, over the 
deductions properly allocable to gross DEI for the year, as determined 
under paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
    (3) Deemed intangible income. The term deemed intangible income 
means, with respect to a domestic corporation for a taxable year, the 
excess (if any) of the corporation's deduction eligible income for the 
year, over the corporation's deemed tangible income return for the 
year.
    (4) Deemed tangible income return. The term deemed tangible income 
return means, with respect to a domestic corporation and a taxable 
year, 10 percent of the corporation's qualified business asset 
investment for the year.
    (5) Dividend. The term dividend has the meaning set forth in 
section 316, and includes any amount treated as a dividend under any 
other provision of subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code or the 
regulations thereunder (for example, under section 78, 356(a)(2), 
367(b), or 1248).
    (6) Domestic corporation. The term domestic corporation has the 
meaning set forth in Sec.  1.250(a)-1(c)(1).
    (7) Domestic oil and gas extraction income. The term domestic oil 
and gas extraction income means income described in section 907(c)(1), 
substituting ``within the United States'' for ``without the United 
States.''
    (8) FDDEI sale. The term FDDEI sale has the meaning set forth in 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b).
    (9) FDDEI service. The term FDDEI service has the meaning set forth 
in Sec.  1.250(b)-5(b).
    (10) FDDEI transaction. The term FDDEI transaction means a FDDEI 
sale or a FDDEI service.
    (11) Foreign branch income. The term foreign branch income means 
gross income attributable to a foreign branch of a domestic corporation 
or a partnership under Sec.  1.904-4(f)(2), except that the term also 
includes any income or gain that would not be treated as gross income 
attributable to a foreign branch under Sec.  1.904-4(f) but that arises 
from the direct or indirect sale (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(7)) 
of any asset (other than stock) that produces gross income attributable 
to a foreign branch, including by reason of the sale of a disregarded 
entity or interest in a partnership. See also Sec.  1.904-4(f)(2)(v) 
(providing that if a principal purpose of recording or failing to 
record an item of gross income on the books and records of a foreign 
branch is the avoidance of the purposes of section 250 (in connection 
with section 250(b)(3)(A)(i)(VI)), the item must be attributed to one 
or more foreign branches of the foreign branch owner in a manner that 
reflects the substance of the transaction).
    (12) Foreign-derived deduction eligible income. The term foreign-
derived deduction eligible income means, with respect to a domestic 
corporation for a taxable year, the excess (if any) of the 
corporation's gross FDDEI for the year, over the deductions properly 
allocable to gross FDDEI for the year, as determined under paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section.
    (13) Foreign-derived ratio. The term foreign-derived ratio means, 
with respect to a domestic corporation for a taxable year, the ratio 
(not to exceed one) of the corporation's foreign-derived deduction 
eligible income for the year to the corporation's deduction eligible 
income for the year. If a domestic corporation has no foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income for a taxable year, the corporation's 
foreign-derived ratio is zero for the year.
    (14) Gross DEI. The term gross DEI means, with respect to a 
domestic corporation or a partnership for a taxable year, the gross 
income of the corporation or partnership for the year determined 
without regard to the following items of gross income--
    (i) Amounts included in gross income under section 951(a)(1);
    (ii) Global intangible low-taxed income (as defined in Sec.  
1.250(a)-1(c)(3));
    (iii) Financial services income (as defined in section 904(d)(2)(D) 
and Sec.  1.904-4(e)(1)(ii));
    (iv) Dividends received from a controlled foreign corporation with 
respect to which the corporation or partnership is a United States 
shareholder;
    (v) Domestic oil and gas extraction income; and
    (vi) Foreign branch income.
    (15) Gross FDDEI. The term gross FDDEI means, with respect to a 
domestic corporation or a partnership for a taxable year, the portion 
of the gross DEI of the corporation or partnership for the year which 
is

[[Page 8214]]

derived from all of its FDDEI transactions.
    (16) Gross non-FDDEI. The term gross non-FDDEI means, with respect 
to a domestic corporation for a taxable year, the portion of the 
corporation's gross DEI that is not included in gross FDDEI.
    (17) Modified affiliated group--(i) In general. The term modified 
affiliated group means an affiliated group as defined in section 
1504(a) determined by substituting ``more than 50 percent'' for ``at 
least 80 percent'' each place it appears, and without regard to section 
1504(b)(2) and (3).
    (ii) Special rule for noncorporate entities. Any person (other than 
a corporation) that is controlled by one or more members of a modified 
affiliated group (including one or more persons treated as a member or 
members of a modified affiliated group by reason of this paragraph 
(c)(17)(ii)) or that controls any such member is treated as a member of 
the modified affiliated group.
    (iii) Definition of control. For purposes of paragraph (c)(17)(ii) 
of this section, the term control has the meaning set forth in section 
954(d)(3).
    (18) Qualified business asset investment. The term qualified 
business asset investment has the meaning set forth in Sec.  1.250(b)-
2(b).
    (19) Related party. The term related party means, with respect to 
any person, any member of a modified affiliated group that includes 
such person.
    (20) United States shareholder. The term United States shareholder 
has the meaning set forth in section 951(b) and Sec.  1.951-1(g).
    (d) Treatment of cost of goods sold and allocation and 
apportionment of deductions--(1) Cost of goods sold for determining 
gross DEI and gross FDDEI. For purposes of determining the gross income 
included in gross DEI and gross FDDEI of a domestic corporation or a 
partnership, the cost of goods sold of the corporation or partnership 
is attributed to gross receipts with respect to gross DEI or gross 
FDDEI under any reasonable method. Cost of goods sold must be 
attributed to gross receipts with respect to gross DEI or gross FDDEI 
regardless of whether certain costs included in cost of goods sold can 
be associated with activities undertaken in an earlier taxable year 
(including a year before the effective date of section 250). A domestic 
corporation or partnership may not segregate cost of goods sold with 
respect to a particular product into component costs and attribute 
those component costs disproportionately to gross receipts with respect 
to amounts excluded from gross DEI or gross FDDEI, as applicable.
    (2) Deductions properly allocable to gross DEI and gross FDDEI--(i) 
In general. For purposes of determining a domestic corporation's 
deductions that are properly allocable to gross DEI and gross FDDEI, 
the corporation's deductions are allocated and apportioned to gross DEI 
and gross FDDEI under the rules of Sec. Sec.  1.861-8 through 1.861-14T 
and 1.861-17 by treating section 250(b) as an operative section 
described in Sec.  1.861-8(f). In allocating and apportioning 
deductions under Sec. Sec.  1.861-8 through 1.861-14T and 1.861-17, 
gross FDDEI and gross non-FDDEI are treated as separate statutory 
groupings. The deductions allocated and apportioned to gross DEI equal 
the sum of the deductions allocated and apportioned to gross FDDEI and 
gross non-FDDEI. All items of gross income described in paragraphs 
(c)(14)(i) through (vi) of this section are in the residual grouping. 
For purposes of this paragraph (d)(2)(i), research and experimental 
expenditures are allocated and apportioned in accordance with Sec.  
1.861-17 without taking into account the exclusive apportionment rule 
of Sec.  1.861-17(b).
    (ii) Determination of deductions to allocate. All deductions 
allowed to a domestic corporation are allocated and apportioned to 
gross DEI and gross FDDEI for a taxable year under paragraph (d)(2)(i) 
of this section, other than the deduction allowed under section 250(a) 
and Sec.  1.250(a)-1(b). For this purpose, the amount of the net 
operating loss deduction under section 172(a) is determined without 
regard to section 250. See also Sec.  1.163(j)-1(b)(37)(ii) (for 
purposes of determining the limitation under section 163(j)(1), the 
deduction under section 250(a)(1) is determined without regard to the 
application of section 163(j) and the section 163(j) regulations and 
without regard to the taxable income limitation of section 250(a)(2) 
and Sec.  1.250(a)-1(b)(2)).
    (3) Examples. The following example illustrates the application of 
this paragraph (d).
    (i) Presumed facts. The following facts are assumed for purposes of 
the examples--
    (A) DC is a domestic corporation that is not a member of a 
consolidated group.
    (B) All sales and services are provided to persons that are not 
related parties.
    (C) All sales and services to foreign persons qualify as FDDEI 
transactions.
    (ii) Examples.

     (A) Example 1: Allocation of deductions--(1) Facts.
    For a taxable year, DC manufactures products A and B in the 
United States. DC sells products A and B and provides services 
associated with products A and B to United States and foreign 
persons. DC`s qualified business asset investment for the taxable 
year is $1,000x. DC has $300x of deductible interest expense allowed 
under section 163. DC has assets with a tax book value of $2,500x. 
The tax book value of DC's assets used to produce products A and B 
and services is split evenly between assets that produce gross FDDEI 
and assets that produce gross non-FDDEI. DC has $840x of supportive 
deductions, as defined in Sec.  1.861-8(b)(3), attributable to 
general and administrative expenses incurred for the purpose of 
generating the class of gross income that consists of gross DEI. DC 
apportions the $840x of deductions on the basis of gross income in 
accordance with Sec.  1.861-8T(c)(1). For purposes of determining 
gross FDDEI and gross DEI under paragraph (d)(1) of this section, DC 
attributes $200x of cost of goods sold to Product A and $400x of 
cost of goods sold to Product B, and then attributes the cost of 
goods sold for each product ratably between the gross receipts of 
such product sold to foreign persons and the gross receipts of such 
product sold to United States persons. The manner in which DC 
attributes the cost of goods sold is a reasonable method. DC has no 
other items of income, loss, or deduction. For the taxable year, DC 
has the following income tax items relevant to the determination of 
its foreign-derived intangible income:

                                      Table 1 to Paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A)(1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Product A       Product B       Services          Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross receipts from U.S. persons................           $200x           $800x           $100x         $1,100x
Gross receipts from foreign persons.............            200x            800x            100x          1,100x
Total gross receipts............................            400x          1,600x            200x          2,200x
Cost of goods sold for gross receipts from U.S.             100x            200x               0            300x
 persons........................................
Cost of goods sold for gross receipts from                  100x            200x               0            300x
 foreign persons................................
Total cost of goods sold........................            200x            400x               0            600x
Gross income....................................            200x          1,200x            200x          1,600x

[[Page 8215]]

 
Tax book value of assets used to produce                    500x            500x          1,500x          2,500x
 products/services..............................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Analysis--(i) Determination of gross FDDEI and gross non-
FDDEI. Because DC does not have any income described in section 
250(b)(3)(A)(i)(I) through (VI) and paragraphs (c)(14)(i) through 
(vi) of this section, none of its gross income is excluded from 
gross DEI. DC's gross DEI is $1,600x ($2,200x total gross receipts 
less $600x total cost of goods sold). DC's gross FDDEI is $800x 
($1,100x of gross receipts from foreign persons minus attributable 
cost of goods sold of $300x).
    (ii) Determination of foreign-derived deduction eligible income. 
To calculate its foreign-derived deduction eligible income, DC must 
determine the amount of its deductions that are allocated and 
apportioned to gross FDDEI and then subtract those amounts from 
gross FDDEI. DC's interest deduction of $300x is allocated and 
apportioned to gross FDDEI on the basis of the average total value 
of DC's assets in each grouping. DC has assets with a tax book value 
of $2,500x split evenly between assets that produce gross FDDEI and 
assets that produce gross non-FDDEI. Accordingly, an interest 
expense deduction of $150x is apportioned to DC's gross FDDEI. With 
respect to DC's supportive deductions of $840x that are related to 
DC's gross DEI, DC apportions such deductions between gross FDDEI 
and gross non-FDDEI on the basis of gross income. Accordingly, 
supportive deductions of $420x are apportioned to DC's gross FDDEI. 
Thus, DC's foreign-derived deduction eligible income is $230x, which 
is equal to its gross FDDEI of $800x less $150x of interest expense 
deduction and $420x of supportive deductions.
    (iii) Determination of deemed intangible income. DC's deemed 
tangible income return is $100x, which is equal to 10% of its 
qualified business asset investment of $1,000x. DC's deduction 
eligible income is $460x, which is equal to its gross DEI of $1,600x 
less $300x of interest expense deductions and $840x of supportive 
deductions. Therefore, DC's deemed intangible income is $360x, which 
is equal to the excess of its deduction eligible income of $460x 
over its deemed tangible income return of $100x.
    (iv) Determination of foreign-derived intangible income. DC's 
foreign-derived ratio is 50%, which is the ratio of DC's foreign-
derived deduction eligible income of $230x to DC's deduction 
eligible income of $460x. Therefore, DC's foreign-derived intangible 
income is $180x, which is equal to DC's deemed intangible income of 
$360x multiplied by its foreign-derived ratio of 50%.

     (B) Example 2: Allocation of deductions with respect to a 
partnership--(1) Facts--(i) DC's operations. DC is engaged in the 
production and sale of products consisting of two separate product 
groups in three-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 
Industry Groups, hereafter referred to as Group AAA and Group BBB. 
All of the gross income of DC is included in gross DEI. DC incurs 
$250x of research and experimental (R&E) expenditures in the United 
States that are deductible under section 174. None of the R&E is 
legally mandated as described in Sec.  1.861-17(a)(4) and none is 
included in cost of goods sold. For purposes of determining gross 
FDDEI and gross DEI under paragraph (d)(1) of this section, DC 
attributes $210x of cost of goods sold to Group AAA products and 
$900x of cost of goods sold to Group BBB products, and then 
attributes the cost of goods sold with respect to each such product 
group ratably between the gross receipts with respect to such 
product group sold to foreign persons and the gross receipts with 
respect to such product group not sold to foreign persons. The 
manner in which DC attributes the cost of goods sold is a reasonable 
method. For the taxable year, DC has the following income tax items 
relevant to the determination of its foreign-derived intangible 
income:

                                         Table 2 to (d)(3)(ii)(B)(1)(i)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Group AAA       Group BBB
                                                                     products        products          Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross receipts from U.S. persons................................           $200x           $800x         $1,000x
Gross receipts from foreign persons.............................            100x            400x            500x
Total gross receipts............................................            300x          1,200x          1,500x
Cost of goods sold for gross receipts from U.S. persons.........            140x            600x            750x
Cost of goods sold for gross receipts from foreign persons......             70x            300x            370x
Total cost of goods sold........................................            210x            900x          1,110x
Gross income....................................................             90x            300x            390x
R&E deductions..................................................             40x            210x            250x
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) PRS's operations. In addition to its own operations, DC is 
a partner in PRS, a partnership that also produces products 
described in SIC Group AAA. DC is allocated 50% of all income, gain, 
loss, and deductions of PRS. During the taxable year, PRS sells 
Group AAA products solely to foreign persons, and all of its gross 
income is included in gross DEI. PRS has $400 of gross receipts from 
sales of Group AAA products for the taxable year and incurs $100x of 
research and experimental (R&E) expenditures in the United States 
that are deductible under section 174. None of the R&E is legally 
mandated as described in Sec.  1.861-17(a)(4) and none is included 
in cost of goods sold. For purposes of determining gross FDDEI and 
gross DEI under paragraph (d)(1) of this section, PRS attributes 
$200x of cost of goods sold to Group AAA products, and then 
attributes the cost of goods sold with respect to such product group 
ratably between the gross receipts with respect to such product 
group sold to foreign persons and the gross receipts with respect to 
such product group not sold to foreign persons. The manner in which 
PRS attributes the cost of goods sold is a reasonable method. DC's 
distributive share of PRS taxable items is $100x of gross income and 
$50x of R&E deductions, and DC's share of PRS's gross receipts from 
sales of Group AAA products for the taxable year is $200x under 
Sec.  1.861-17(f)(3).
    (iii) Election to use sales method to allocate and apportion 
R&E. DC has elected to use the sales method to apportion its R&E 
deductions under Sec.  1.861-17. Neither DC nor PRS licenses or 
sells its intangible property to controlled or uncontrolled 
corporations in a manner that necessitates including the sales by 
such corporations for purposes of apportioning DC's R&E deductions.
    (2) Analysis--(i) Determination of gross DEI and gross FDDEI. 
Under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, DC's gross DEI, gross FDDEI, 
and deductions allocable to those amounts include its distributive 
share of gross DEI, gross FDDEI, and deductions of PRS. Thus, DC's 
gross DEI for the year is $490x ($390x attributable to DC and $100x 
attributable to DC's interest in PRS). DC's gross income from sales 
of Group AAA products to foreign persons is $30x ($100x of gross 
receipts minus attributable cost of goods sold of $70x). DC's gross 
income from sales of Group BBB products to foreign persons is $100x 
($400x of gross receipts minus attributable cost of goods sold of 
$300x). DC's gross FDDEI for the year is $230x ($30x from DC's

[[Page 8216]]

sale of Group AAA products plus $100x from DC's sale of Group BBB 
products plus DC's distributive of PRS's gross FDDEI of $100x).
    (ii) Allocation and apportionment of R&E deductions. To 
determine foreign-derived deduction eligible income, DC must 
allocate and apportion its R&E expense of $300x ($250x incurred 
directly by DC and $50x incurred indirectly through DC's interest in 
PRS). In accordance with Sec.  1.861-17, R&E expenses are first 
allocated to a class of gross income related to a three-digit SIC 
group code. DC's R&E expenses related to products in Group AAA are 
$90x ($40x incurred directly by DC and $50x incurred indirectly 
through DC's interest in PRS) and its expenses related to Group BBB 
are $210x. None of those expenses were legally mandated by a 
particular country and therefore do not require the allocation of 
R&E expense solely to income arising from that jurisdiction. The 
exclusive apportionment rule in Sec.  1.861-17(b) does not apply for 
purposes of apportioning R&E to gross DEI and gross FDDEI. See 
paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section. Accordingly, all R&E expense 
attributable to a particular SIC group code is apportioned on the 
basis of the amounts of sales within that SIC group code. Total 
sales within Group AAA were $500x ($300x directly by DC and $200x 
attributable to DC's interest in PRS), $300x of which were made to 
foreign persons ($100x directly by DC and $200x attributable to DC's 
interest in PRS). Therefore, the $90x of R&E expense related to 
Group AAA is apportioned $54x to gross FDDEI ($90x x $300x/$500x) 
and $36x to gross non-FDDEI ($90x x $200x/$500x). Total sales within 
Group BBB were $1,200x, $400x of which were made to foreign persons. 
Therefore, the $210x of R&E expense related to products in Group BBB 
is apportioned $70x to gross FDDEI ($210x x $400x/$1,200x) and $140x 
to gross non-FDDEI ($210x x $800x/$1,200x). Accordingly, DC's 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income for the tax year is $106x 
($230x gross FDDEI minus $124x of R&E ($54x + $70x) allocated and 
apportioned to gross FDDEI).

    (e) Domestic corporate partners--(1) In general. A domestic 
corporation's deduction eligible income and foreign-derived deduction 
eligible income for a taxable year are determined taking into account 
the corporation's share of gross DEI, gross FDDEI, and deductions of 
any partnership (whether domestic or foreign) in which the corporation 
is a direct or indirect partner. For purposes of the preceding 
sentence, a domestic corporation's share of each such item of a 
partnership is determined in accordance with the corporation's 
distributive share of the underlying items of income, gain, deduction, 
and loss of the partnership that comprise such amounts. See Sec.  
1.250(b)-2(g) for rules calculating the increase to a domestic 
corporation's qualified business asset investment by the corporation's 
share of partnership QBAI.
    (2) Reporting requirement for partnership with domestic corporate 
partners. A partnership that has one or more direct or indirect 
partners that are domestic corporations and that is required to file a 
return under section 6031 must furnish to each such partner on or with 
such partner's Schedule K-1 (Form 1065 or any successor form) by the 
due date (including extensions) for furnishing Schedule K-1 the 
partner's share of the partnership's gross DEI, gross FDDEI, deductions 
that are definitely related to the partnership's gross DEI and gross 
FDDEI, and partnership QBAI (as determined under Sec.  1.250(b)-2(g)) 
for each taxable year in which the partnership has gross DEI, gross 
FDDEI, deductions that are definitely related to the partnership's 
gross DEI or gross FDDEI, or partnership specified tangible property 
(as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-2(g)(2)(iii)).
    (3) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (e).
    (i) Presumed facts. The following facts are assumed for purposes of 
the examples--
    (A) DC, a domestic corporation, is a partner in PRS, a partnership.
    (B) FP and FP2 are foreign persons.
    (C) FC is a foreign corporation.
    (D) The allocations under PRS's partnership agreement satisfy the 
requirements of section 704.
    (E) No partner of PRS is a related party of DC.
    (F) DC, PRS, and FC all use the calendar year as their taxable 
year.
    (G) PRS has no items of income, loss, or deduction for its taxable 
year, except the items of income described.
    (ii) Examples.

     (A) Example 1: Sale by partnership to foreign person--(1) 
Facts. Under the terms of the partnership agreement, DC is allocated 
50% of all income, gain, loss, and deductions of PRS. For the 
taxable year, PRS recognizes $20x of gross income on the sale of 
general property (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(3)) to FP, a 
foreign person (as determined under Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)), for a 
foreign use (as determined under Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)). The gross 
income recognized on the sale of property is not described in 
section 250(b)(3)(A)(I) through (VI) or paragraphs (c)(14)(i) 
through (vi) of this section.
    (2) Analysis. PRS's sale of property to FP is a FDDEI sale as 
described in Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b). Therefore, the gross income 
derived from the sale ($20x) is included in PRS's gross DEI and 
gross FDDEI, and DC's share of PRS's gross DEI and gross FDDEI 
($10x) is included in DC's gross DEI and gross FDDEI for the taxable 
year.

     (B) Example 2: Sale by partnership to foreign person 
attributable to foreign branch--(1) Facts. The facts are the same as 
in paragraph (e)(3)(ii)(A)(1) of this section (the facts in Example 
1), except the income from the sale of property to FP is 
attributable to a foreign branch of PRS.
    (2) Analysis. PRS's sale of property to FP is excluded from 
PRS's gross DEI under section 250(b)(3)(A)(VI) and paragraph 
(c)(14)(vi) of this section. Accordingly, DC's share of PRS's gross 
income of $10x from the sale is not included in DC's gross DEI or 
gross FDDEI for the taxable year.

     (C) Example 3: Partnership with a loss in gross FDDEI--(1) 
Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (e)(3)(ii)(A)(1) of 
this section (the facts in Example 1), except that in the same 
taxable year, PRS also sells property to FP2, a foreign person (as 
determined under Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)), for a foreign use (as 
determined under Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)). After taking into account 
both sales, PRS has a gross loss of $30x.
    (2) Analysis. Both the sale of property to FP and the sale of 
property to FP2 are FDDEI sales because each sale is described in 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b). DC's share of PRS's gross loss ($15x) from the 
sales is included in DC's gross DEI and gross FDDEI.

     (D) Example 4: Sale by partnership to foreign related party of 
the partnership--(1) Facts. Under the terms of the partnership 
agreement, DC has 25% of the capital and profits interest in the 
partnership and is allocated 25% of all income, gain, loss, and 
deductions of PRS. PRS owns 100% of the single class of stock of FC. 
In the taxable year, PRS has $20x of gain on the sale of general 
property (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(3)) to FC, and FC makes 
a material physical change to the property within the meaning of 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2)(iii) outside the United States before selling 
the property to customers in the United States. PRS satisfies the 
documentation requirement of Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(3) with respect to 
the sale.
    (2) Analysis. The sale of property by PRS to FC is described in 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b) without regard to the application of Sec.  
1.250(b)-6, since the sale is to a foreign person (as determined 
under Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c)) for a foreign use (as determined under 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)). However, FC is a foreign related party of PRS 
within the meaning of section 250(b)(5)(D) and Sec.  1.250(b)-
6(b)(1), because FC and PRS are members of a modified affiliated 
group within the meaning of paragraph (c)(17) of this section. 
Therefore, the sale by PRS to FC is a related party sale within the 
meaning of Sec.  1.250(b)-6(b)(3). Under section 250(b)(5)(C)(i) and 
Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c), because FC did not sell the property, or use 
the property in connection with other property sold or the provision 
of a service, to a foreign unrelated party before the property was 
subject to a domestic use, the sale by PRS to FC is not a FDDEI 
sale. See Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)(1). Accordingly, the gain from the 
sale ($20x) is included in PRS's gross DEI but not its gross FDDEI, 
and DC's share of PRS's gain ($5x) is included in DC's gross DEI but 
not gross FDDEI. This is the result notwithstanding that FC is not a 
related party of DC because FC and DC are not members of a modified 
affiliated group within the meaning of paragraph (c)(17) of this 
section.

    (f) Determination of foreign-derived intangible income for 
consolidated groups. A member of a consolidated group (as defined in 
Sec.  1.1502-1(h))

[[Page 8217]]

determines its foreign-derived intangible income under the rules 
provided in Sec.  1.1502-50.
    (g) Determination of foreign-derived intangible income for tax-
exempt corporations. The foreign-derived intangible income of a 
corporation that is subject to the unrelated business income tax under 
section 511 is determined only by reference to that corporation's items 
of income, gain, deduction, or loss, and adjusted bases in property, 
that are taken into account in computing the corporation's unrelated 
business taxable income (as defined in section 512). For example, if a 
corporation that is subject to the unrelated business income tax under 
section 511 has tangible property used in the production of both 
unrelated business income and gross income that is not unrelated 
business income, only the portion of the basis of such property taken 
into account in computing the corporation's unrelated business taxable 
income is taken into account in determining the corporation's qualified 
business asset investment. Similarly, if a corporation that is subject 
to the unrelated business income tax under section 511 has tangible 
property that is used in both the production of gross DEI and the 
production of gross income that is not gross DEI, only the 
corporation's unrelated business income is taken into account in 
determining the corporation's dual use ratio with respect to such 
property under Sec.  1.250(b)-2(d)(2).


Sec.  1.250(b)-2  Qualified business asset investment.

    (a) Scope. This section provides general rules for determining the 
qualified business asset investment of a domestic corporation for 
purposes of determining its deemed tangible income return under Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(4). Paragraph (b) of this section defines qualified 
business asset investment. Paragraph (c) of this section defines 
tangible property and specified tangible property. Paragraph (d) of 
this section provides rules for determining the portion of property 
that is specified tangible property when the property is used in the 
production of both gross DEI and gross income that is not gross DEI. 
Paragraph (e) of this section provides rules for determining the 
adjusted basis of specified tangible property. Paragraph (f) of this 
section provides rules for determining qualified business asset 
investment of a domestic corporation with a short taxable year. 
Paragraph (g) of this section provides rules for increasing the 
qualified business asset investment of a domestic corporation by reason 
of property owned through a partnership. Paragraph (h) of this section 
provides an anti-avoidance rule that disregards certain transfers when 
determining the qualified business asset investment of a domestic 
corporation.
    (b) Definition of qualified business asset investment. The term 
qualified business asset investment means the average of a domestic 
corporation's aggregate adjusted bases as of the close of each quarter 
of a domestic corporation's taxable year in specified tangible property 
that is used in a trade or business of the domestic corporation and is 
of a type with respect to which a deduction is allowable under section 
167. See paragraph (f) of this section for rules relating to the 
qualified business asset investment of a domestic corporation with a 
short taxable year.
    (c) Specified tangible property--(1) In general. The term specified 
tangible property means, subject to paragraph (d) of this section, 
tangible property used in the production of gross DEI.
    (2) Tangible property. For purposes of paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section, the term tangible property means property for which the 
depreciation deduction provided by section 167(a) is eligible to be 
determined under section 168 without regard to section 168(f)(1), (2), 
or (5) and the date placed in service.
    (d) Dual use property--(1) In general. In the case of tangible 
property (as defined in paragraph (c)(2) of this section) of a domestic 
corporation that is used in both the production of gross DEI and the 
production of gross income that is not gross DEI in a domestic 
corporation's taxable year, the portion of the adjusted basis in the 
property treated as adjusted basis in specified tangible property for 
the domestic corporation's taxable year is determined by multiplying 
the average of the domestic corporation's adjusted basis in the 
property by the dual use ratio with respect to the property for the 
domestic corporation's taxable year.
    (2) Dual use ratio. The term dual use ratio means, with respect to 
specified tangible property--
    (i) In the case of specified tangible property that produces 
directly identifiable income for a domestic corporation's taxable year, 
the ratio of the gross DEI produced by the property for the taxable 
year to the total amount of gross income produced by the property for 
the taxable year.
    (ii) In the case of specified tangible property that does not 
produce directly identifiable income for a domestic corporation's 
taxable year, the ratio of the gross DEI of the domestic corporation 
for the taxable year to the total amount of gross income of the 
domestic corporation for the taxable year.

     (3) Example. The following example illustrates the application 
of this paragraph (d).
    (i) Facts. DC, a domestic corporation, owns a machine that 
produces both gross DEI and domestic oil and gas extraction income. 
For the taxable year, the machine produces gross DEI of $750x and 
domestic oil and gas extraction income of $250x. The average 
adjusted basis of the machine for the taxable year in the hands of 
DC is $4,000x. DC also owns an office building for its 
administrative functions with an average adjusted basis for the 
taxable year of $10,000x. The office building does not produce 
directly identifiable income. DC has no other specified tangible 
property. For the taxable year, DC's gross DEI is $2,000x and its 
gross income is $5,000x.
    (ii) Analysis. The machine and office building are both property 
for which the depreciation deduction provided by section 167(a) are 
eligible to be determined under section 168. Therefore, under 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the machine and office building 
are tangible property. The machine and office building are used in 
both the production of gross income that is included in gross DEI 
and gross income that is not included in gross DEI, because domestic 
oil and gas extraction income is an item of gross income excluded 
from gross DEI under section 250(b)(3)(A)(i)(V) and Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(14)(v). Therefore, under paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the 
portion of the basis in the machine treated as basis in specified 
tangible property is equal to DC's average basis in the machine for 
the year ($4,000x), multiplied by the dual use ratio under paragraph 
(d)(2)(i) of this section (0.75), which is the proportion that the 
gross DEI produced by the property ($750x) bears to the total gross 
income produced with respect to the property ($1,000x). Accordingly, 
$3,000x ($4,000x x 0.75) of DC's adjusted basis in the machine is 
taken into account in determining DC's qualified business asset 
investment. Under paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the portion of 
the basis in the office building treated as basis in specified 
tangible property is equal to DC's average basis in the office 
building for the year ($10,000x), multiplied by the dual use ratio 
under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section (0.40), which is the 
ratio of DC's gross DEI for the taxable year ($2,000x) to DC's total 
gross income for the taxable year ($5,000x). Accordingly, $4,000x 
($10,000x x 0.40) of DC's adjusted basis in the office building is 
taken into account in determining DC's qualified business asset 
investment under paragraph (b) of this section. Accordingly, DC's 
total qualified business asset investment is $7,000x ($3,000x + 
$4,000x).

    (e) Determination of adjusted basis of specified tangible 
property--(1) In general. The adjusted basis in specified tangible 
property is determined by using the alternative depreciation system 
under section 168(g), and by allocating the depreciation deduction with 
respect to such property for the domestic

[[Page 8218]]

corporation's taxable year ratably to each day during the period in the 
taxable year to which such depreciation relates.
    (2) Effect of change in law. The determination of adjusted basis 
for purposes of paragraph (b) of this section is made without regard to 
any provision of law enacted after December 22, 2017, unless such later 
enacted law specifically and directly amends the definition of 
qualified business asset investment under section 250 or section 951A.
    (3) Specified tangible property placed in service before enactment 
of section 250. The adjusted basis in property placed in service before 
December 22, 2017, is determined using the alternative depreciation 
system under section 168(g), as if this system had applied from the 
date that the property was placed in service.
    (f) Special rules for short taxable years--(1) In general. In the 
case of a domestic corporation that has a taxable year that is less 
than twelve months (a short taxable year), the rules for determining 
the qualified business asset investment of the domestic corporation 
under this section are modified as provided in paragraphs (f)(2) and 
(3) of this section with respect to the taxable year.
    (2) Determination of quarter closes. For purposes of determining 
quarter closes, in computing the qualified business asset investment of 
a domestic corporation for a short taxable year, the quarters of the 
domestic corporation for purposes of this section are the full quarters 
beginning and ending within the short taxable year (if any), 
determining quarter length as if the domestic corporation did not have 
a short taxable year, plus one or more short quarters (if any).
    (3) Reduction of qualified business asset investment. The qualified 
business asset investment of a domestic corporation for a short taxable 
year is the sum of--
    (i) The sum of the domestic corporation's aggregate adjusted bases 
in specified tangible property as of the close of each full quarter (if 
any) in the domestic corporation's taxable year divided by four; plus
    (ii) The domestic corporation's aggregate adjusted bases in 
specified tangible property as of the close of each short quarter (if 
any) in the domestic corporation's taxable year multiplied by the sum 
of the number of days in each short quarter divided by 365.

     (4) Example. The following example illustrates the application 
of this paragraph (f).
    (i) Facts. A, an individual, owns all of the stock of DC, a 
domestic corporation. A owns DC from the beginning of the taxable 
year. On July 15 of the taxable year, A sells DC to USP, a domestic 
corporation that is unrelated to A. DC becomes a member of the 
consolidated group of which USP is the common parent and as a 
result, under Sec.  1.1502-76(b)(2)(ii), DC's taxable year is 
treated as ending on July 15. USP and DC both use the calendar year 
as their taxable year. DC's aggregate adjusted bases in specified 
tangible property for the taxable year are $250x as of March 31, 
$300x as of June 30, $275x as of July 15, $500x as of September 30, 
and $450x as of December 31.
    (ii) Analysis--(A) Determination of short taxable years and 
quarters. DC has two short taxable years during the taxable year. 
The first short taxable year is from January 1 to July 15, with two 
full quarters (January 1-March 31 and April 1-June 30) and one short 
quarter (July 1-July 15). The second taxable year is from July 16 to 
December 31, with one short quarter (July 16-September 30) and one 
full quarter (October 1-December 31).

    (B) Calculation of qualified business asset investment for the 
first short taxable year. Under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, for 
the first short taxable year, DC has three quarter closes (March 31, 
June 30, and July 15). Under paragraph (f)(3) of this section, the 
qualified business asset investment of DC for the first short taxable 
year is $148.80x, the sum of $137.50x (($250x + $300x)/4) attributable 
to the two full quarters and $11.30x ($275x x 15/365) attributable to 
the short quarter.
    (C) Calculation of qualified business asset investment for the 
second short taxable year. Under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, for 
the second short taxable year, DC has two quarter closes (September 30 
and December 31). Under paragraph (f)(3) of this section, the qualified 
business asset investment of DC for the second short taxable year is 
$217.98x, the sum of $112.50x ($450x/4) attributable to the one full 
quarter and $105.48x ($500x x 77/365) attributable to the short 
quarter.
    (g) Partnership property--(1) In general. For purposes of paragraph 
(b) of this section, if a domestic corporation holds an interest in one 
or more partnerships as of the close of the domestic corporation's 
taxable year, the qualified business asset investment of the domestic 
corporation for its taxable year is increased by the sum of the 
domestic corporation's partnership QBAI with respect to each 
partnership for the domestic corporation's taxable year.
    (2) Definitions related to partnership QBAI--(i) In general. The 
term partnership QBAI means the sum of the domestic corporation's share 
of the partnership's adjusted basis in partnership specified tangible 
property as of the close of a partnership taxable year that ends with 
or within a domestic corporation's taxable year. A domestic 
corporation's share of the partnership's adjusted basis in partnership 
specified tangible property is determined separately with respect to 
each partnership specified tangible property of the partnership by 
multiplying the partnership's adjusted basis in the property by the 
partnership QBAI ratio with respect to the property. If the 
partnership's taxable year is less than twelve months, the principles 
of paragraph (f) of this section apply in determining a domestic 
corporation's partnership QBAI with respect to the partnership.
    (ii) Partnership QBAI ratio. The term partnership QBAI ratio means, 
with respect to partnership specified tangible property--
    (A) In the case of partnership specified tangible property that 
produces directly identifiable income for a partnership taxable year, 
the ratio of the domestic corporation's distributive share of the gross 
income produced by the property for the partnership taxable year that 
is included in the gross DEI of the domestic corporation for its 
taxable year to the total gross income produced by the property for the 
partnership taxable year.
    (B) In the case of partnership specified tangible property that 
does not produce directly identifiable income for a partnership taxable 
year, the ratio of the domestic corporation's distributive share of the 
gross income of the partnership for the partnership taxable year that 
is included in the gross DEI of the domestic corporation for its 
taxable year to the total amount of gross income of the partnership for 
the partnership taxable year.
    (iii) Partnership specified tangible property. The term partnership 
specified tangible property means tangible property (as defined in 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section) of a partnership that is--
    (A) Used in the trade or business of the partnership;
    (B) Of a type with respect to which a deduction is allowable under 
section 167; and
    (C) Used in the production of gross DEI.
    (3) Determination of adjusted basis. For purposes of this paragraph 
(g), a partnership's adjusted basis in partnership specified tangible 
property is determined based on the average of the partnership's 
adjusted basis in the property as of the close of each quarter in the 
partnership taxable year. The principles of paragraphs (e) and (h) of 
this section apply for purposes of

[[Page 8219]]

determining a partnership's adjusted basis in partnership specified 
tangible property and the portion of such adjusted basis taken into 
account in determining a domestic corporation's partnership QBAI.

     (4) Example. The following example illustrates the rules of 
this paragraph (g).
    (i) Facts. DC, a domestic corporation, is a partner in PRS. Both 
DC and PRS use the calendar year as their taxable year. PRS owns two 
assets, Asset A and Asset B, both of which are tangible property 
used in PRS's trade or business that it depreciates under section 
168. Asset A and Asset B are used solely in the production of gross 
DEI. The average of PRS's adjusted basis as of the close of each 
quarter of PRS's taxable year in Asset A is $100x, and the average 
of PRS's adjusted basis as of the close of each quarter of PRS's 
taxable year in Asset B is $50x. Asset A produces $10x of directly 
identifiable gross income for the taxable year, and Asset B produces 
$50x of directly identifiable gross income for the taxable year. 
DC's distributive share of the gross income from Asset A is $8x and 
its distributive share of the gross income from Asset B is $10x. 
DC's entire distributive share of income from Asset A and Asset B is 
included in DC's gross DEI for the taxable year. See Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(e)(1). DC's distributive share satisfies the requirements of 
section 704(b).
    (ii) Analysis. Each of Asset A and Asset B is partnership 
specified tangible property because each is tangible property, of a 
type with respect to which a deduction is allowable under section 
167, used in PRS's trade or business, and used in the production of 
gross DEI. DC's partnership QBAI ratio for Asset A is 80%, the ratio 
of DC's distributive share of the gross income from Asset A for the 
taxable year that is included in DC's gross DEI ($8x) to the total 
gross income produced by Asset A for the taxable year ($10x). DC's 
partnership QBAI ratio for Asset B is 20%, the ratio of DC's 
distributive share of the gross income from Asset B for the taxable 
year that is included in DC's gross DEI ($10x) to the total gross 
income produced by Asset B for the taxable year ($50x). DC's share 
of the average of PRS's adjusted basis of Asset A is $80x, PRS's 
adjusted basis in Asset A of $100x multiplied by DC's partnership 
QBAI ratio for Asset A of 80%. DC's share of the average of PRS's 
adjusted basis of Asset B is $10x, PRS's adjusted basis in Asset B 
of $50x multiplied by DC's partnership QBAI ratio for Asset B of 
20%. Therefore, DC's partnership QBAI with respect to PRS is $90x 
($80x + $10x). Accordingly, under paragraph (g)(1) of this section, 
DC increases its qualified business asset investment for the taxable 
year by $90x.

    (h) Anti-avoidance rule for certain transfers of property--(1) In 
general. If, with a principal purpose of decreasing the amount of its 
deemed tangible income return, a domestic corporation transfers 
specified tangible property (transferred property) to a specified 
related party of the domestic corporation and, within the disqualified 
period, the domestic corporation or an FDII-eligible related party of 
the domestic corporation leases the same or substantially similar 
property from any specified related party, then, solely for purposes of 
determining the qualified business asset investment of the domestic 
corporation under paragraph (b) of this section, the domestic 
corporation is treated as owning the transferred property from the 
later of the beginning of the term of the lease or date of the transfer 
of the property until the earlier of the end of the term of the lease 
or the end of the recovery period of the property.
    (2) Rule for structured arrangements. For purposes of paragraph 
(h)(1) of this section, a transfer of specified tangible property to a 
person that is not a related party or lease of property from a person 
that is not a related party is treated as a transfer to or lease from a 
specified related party if the transfer or lease is pursuant to a 
structured arrangement. A structured arrangement exists only if either 
paragraph (h)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section is satisfied.
    (i) The reduction in the domestic corporation's deemed tangible 
income return is a material factor in the pricing of the arrangement 
with the transferee.
    (ii) Based on all the facts and circumstances, the reduction in the 
domestic corporation's deemed tangible income return is a principal 
purpose of the arrangement. Facts and circumstances that indicate the 
reduction in the domestic corporation's deemed tangible income return 
is a principal purpose of the arrangement include--
    (A) Marketing the arrangement as tax-advantaged where some or all 
of the tax advantage derives from the reduction in the domestic 
corporation's deemed tangible income return;
    (B) Primarily marketing the arrangement to domestic corporations 
which earn foreign-derived deduction eligible income;
    (C) Features that alter the terms of the arrangement, including the 
return, in the event the reduction in the domestic corporation's deemed 
tangible income return is no longer relevant; or
    (D) A below-market return absent the tax effects or benefits 
resulting from the reduction in the domestic corporation's deemed 
tangible income return.
    (3) Per se rules for certain transactions. For purposes of 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, a transfer of property by a domestic 
corporation to a specified related party (including a party deemed to 
be a specified related party under paragraph (h)(2) of this section) 
followed by a lease of the same or substantially similar property by 
the domestic corporation or an FDII-eligible related party from a 
specified related party (including a party deemed to be a specified 
related party under paragraph (h)(2) of this section) is treated per se 
as occurring pursuant to a principal purpose of decreasing the amount 
of the domestic corporation's deemed tangible income return if both the 
transfer and the lease occur within a six-month period.
    (4) Definitions related to anti-avoidance rule. The following 
definitions apply for purpose of this paragraph (h).
    (i) Disqualified period. The term disqualified period means, with 
respect to a transfer, the period beginning one year before the date of 
the transfer and ending the earlier of the end of the remaining 
recovery period (under the system described in section 951A(d)(3)(A)) 
of the property or one year after the date of the transfer.
    (ii) FDII-eligible related party. The term FDII-eligible related 
party means, with respect to a domestic corporation, a member of the 
same consolidated group as the domestic corporation or a partnership 
with respect to which at least 80 percent of the interests in 
partnership capital and profits are owned, directly or indirectly, by 
the domestic corporation or one or more members of the consolidated 
group that includes the domestic corporation.
    (iii) Specified related party. The term specified related party 
means, with respect to a domestic corporation, a related party (as 
defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(19)) other than an FDII-eligible related 
party.
    (iv) Transfer. The term transfer means any disposition, exchange, 
contribution, or distribution of property, and includes an indirect 
transfer. For example, a transfer of an interest in a partnership is 
treated as a transfer of the assets of the partnership. In addition, if 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section applies to treat a domestic 
corporation as owning specified tangible property by reason of a lease 
of the property, the termination or lapse of the lease of the property 
is treated as a transfer of the property by the domestic corporation to 
the lessor.
    (5) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (h).

     (i) Example 1: Sale-leaseback with a related party--(A) Facts. 
DC, a domestic corporation, owns Asset A, which is specified 
tangible property. DC also owns all the single class of stock of DS, 
a domestic corporation, and FS1 and FS2, each a controlled foreign 
corporation. DC and DS are members of the same consolidated group. 
On January 1, Year 1, DC sells Asset A to FS1. At the time of the 
sale, Asset A had a

[[Page 8220]]

remaining recovery period of 10 years under the alternative 
depreciation system. On February 1, Year 1, FS2 leases Asset B, 
which is substantially similar to Asset A, to DS for a five-year 
term ending on January 31, Year 6.
    (B) Analysis. Because DC transfers specified tangible property 
(Asset A), to a specified related party of DC (FS1), and, within a 
six month period (January 1, Year 1 to February 1, Year 1), an FDII-
eligible related party of DC (DS) leases a substantially similar 
property (Asset B), DC's transfer of Asset A and lease of Asset B 
are treated as per se occurring pursuant to a principal purpose of 
decreasing the amount of its deemed tangible income return. 
Accordingly, for purposes of determining DC's qualified business 
asset investment, DC is treated as owning Asset A from February 1, 
Year 1, the later of the date of the transfer of Asset A (January 1, 
Year 1) and the beginning of the term of the lease of Asset B 
(February 1, Year 1), until January 31, Year 6, the earlier of the 
end of the term of the lease of Asset B (January 31, Year 6) or the 
remaining recovery period of Asset A (December 31, Year 10).

     (ii) Example 2: Sale-leaseback with a related party; lapse of 
initial lease--(A) Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph 
(h)(5)(i)(A) of this section (the facts in Example 1). In addition, 
DS allows the lease of Asset B to expire on February 1, Year 6. On 
June 1, Year 6, DS and FS2 renew the lease for a five-year term 
ending on May 31, Year 11.
    (B) Analysis. Because DC is treated as owning Asset A under 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, the lapse of the lease of Asset B 
is treated as a transfer of Asset A to FS2 on February 1, Year 6, 
under paragraph (h)(4)(iv) of this section. Further, because DC is 
deemed to transfer specified tangible property (Asset A) to a 
specified related party (FS2) upon the lapse of the lease, and 
within a six month period (February 1, Year 6 to June 1, Year 6), an 
FDII-eligible related party of DC (DS) leases a substantially 
similar property (Asset B), DC's deemed transfer of Asset A under 
paragraph (h)(4)(iv) of this section and lease of Asset B are 
treated as per se occurring pursuant to a principal purpose of 
decreasing the amount of its deemed tangible income return. 
Accordingly, for purposes of determining DC's qualified business 
asset investment, DC is treated as owning Asset A from June 1, Year 
6, the later of the date of the deemed transfer of Asset A (February 
1, Year 6) and the beginning of the term of the lease of Asset B 
(June 1, Year 6), until December 31, Year 10, the earlier of the end 
of the term of the lease of Asset B (May 31, Year 11) or the 
remaining recovery period of Asset A (December 31, Year 10).


Sec.  1.250(b)-3  FDDEI transactions.

    (a) Scope. This section provides rules related to the determination 
of whether a sale of property or provision of a service is a FDDEI 
transaction. Paragraph (b) of this section provides definitions related 
to the determination of whether a sale of property or provision of a 
service is a FDDEI transaction. Paragraph (c) of this section provides 
rules regarding a sale of property or provision of a service to a 
foreign government or an international organization. Paragraph (d) of 
this section provides rules for determining the reliability of 
documentation. Paragraph (e) of this section provides a rule for 
characterizing a transaction with both sales and services elements. 
Paragraph (f) of this section provides a rule for treating certain loss 
transactions as FDDEI transactions. Paragraph (g) of this section 
provides a rule for determining whether a sale of property or provision 
of a service to a partnership is a FDDEI transaction.
    (b) Definitions. This paragraph (b) provides definitions that apply 
for purposes of this section and Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-4 through 
1.250(b)-6.
    (1) FDII filing date. The term FDII filing date means, with respect 
to a sale of property by a seller or provision of a service by a 
renderer, the date, including extensions, by which the seller or 
renderer is required to file an income tax return (or in the case of a 
seller or renderer that is a partnership, a return of partnership 
income) for the taxable year in which the gross income from the sale of 
property or provision of a service is included in the gross income of 
the seller or renderer.
    (2) Foreign person. The term foreign person means a person that is 
not a United States person, and includes a foreign government or an 
international organization.
    (3) General property. The term general property means any property 
other than--
    (i) Intangible property;
    (ii) A security (as defined in section 475(c)(2)); or
    (iii) A commodity (as defined in section 475(e)(2)(B) through (D)).
    (4) Intangible property. The term intangible property has the 
meaning set forth in section 367(d)(4).
    (5) Recipient. The term recipient means a person that purchases 
property or services from a seller or renderer.
    (6) Renderer. The term renderer means a person that provides a 
service to a recipient.
    (7) Sale. The term sale means any sale, lease, license, exchange, 
or disposition of property, and includes any transfer of property in 
which gain or income is recognized under section 367.
    (8) Seller. The term seller means a person that sells property to a 
recipient.
    (9) United States. The term United States has the meaning set forth 
in section 7701(a)(9), as expanded by section 638(1) with respect to 
mines, oil and gas wells, and other natural deposits.
    (10) United States person. The term United States person has the 
meaning set forth in section 7701(a)(30), except that the term does not 
include an individual that is a bona fide resident of a United States 
territory within the meaning of section 937(a).
    (11) United States territory. The term United States territory 
means American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, 
or the U.S. Virgin Islands.
    (c) Foreign military sales. For purposes of determining whether a 
sale of property or a provision of a service is a FDDEI transaction, if 
a sale of property or a provision of a service is made to the United 
States or an instrumentality thereof pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq. 
under which the United States or an instrumentality thereof purchases 
the property or service for resale or on-service, on commercial terms, 
to a foreign government or agency or instrumentality thereof, and the 
contract between the seller or renderer and the United States or an 
instrumentality thereof provides that the sale or service is purchased 
for resale or on-service to such foreign government or agency or 
instrumentality thereof, then the sale of property or provision of a 
service is treated as a sale of property or a provision of a service to 
the foreign government.
    (d) Reliability of documentation. For purposes of the documentation 
requirements described in Sec. Sec.  1.250(b)-4 through 1.250(b)-6, 
documentation is reliable only if each of the requirements described in 
paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section is satisfied.
    (1) As of the FDII filing date, the seller or renderer does not 
know and does not have reason to know that the documentation is 
unreliable or incorrect. For this purpose, a seller or renderer has 
reason to know that documentation is unreliable or incorrect if its 
knowledge of all the relevant facts or statements contained in the 
documentation is such that a reasonably prudent person in the position 
of the seller or renderer would question the accuracy or reliability of 
the documentation.
    (2) The documentation is obtained by the seller or renderer by the 
FDII filing date with respect to the sale or service.
    (3) The documentation is obtained no earlier than one year before 
the date of the sale or service.
    (e) Transactions with multiple elements. If a transaction includes 
both a sale component and a service component, the transaction is 
classified

[[Page 8221]]

according to the overall predominant character of the transaction for 
purposes of determining whether the transaction is subject to Sec.  
1.250(b)-4 or Sec.  1.250(b)-5.
    (f) Treatment of certain loss transactions--(1) In general. If a 
seller knows or has reason to know that property is sold to a foreign 
person for a foreign use (within the meaning of Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)(2) 
or (e)(2)) or a renderer knows or has reason to know that a general 
service (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-5(c)(4)) is provided to a person 
located outside the United States (within the meaning of Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(d)(2) or (e)(2)), but the seller or renderer does not 
satisfy the documentation requirements described in Sec.  1.250(b)-
4(c)(2), (d)(3), or (e)(3) or Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(3) or (e)(3), as 
applicable, the transaction is deemed to be a FDDEI transaction with 
respect to a domestic corporation if not treating the transaction as a 
FDDEI transaction would increase the amount of the corporation's 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income for the taxable year relative 
to its foreign-derived deduction eligible income that would be 
determined if the transaction were treated as a FDDEI transaction. If a 
seller or renderer engages in more than one transaction described in 
the preceding sentence in a taxable year, the previous sentence applies 
by comparing the corporation's foreign-derived deduction eligible 
income if each such transaction were not treated as a FDDEI transaction 
to its foreign-derived deduction eligible income if each such 
transaction were treated as a FDDEI transaction.

     (2) Example. The following example illustrates the application 
of this paragraph (f).
    (i) Facts. During a taxable year, DC, a domestic corporation, 
manufactures products A and B in the United States. DC sells product 
A for $200x and product B for $800x. DC knows or has reason to know 
that all of its sales of product A and product B are to foreign 
persons for a foreign use. DC establishes that its sales of product 
B are to foreign persons for a foreign use but does not obtain 
documentation establishing that any sales of product A are to 
foreign person for a foreign use. DC's cost of goods sold is $450x. 
For purposes of determining gross FDDEI, under Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(d)(1) DC attributes $250x of cost of goods sold to product A and 
$200x of cost of goods sold to product B, and then attributes the 
cost of goods sold for each product ratably between the gross 
receipts of such product sold to foreign persons and the gross 
receipts of such product not sold to foreign persons. The manner in 
which DC attributes the cost of goods sold is a reasonable method. 
DC has no other items of income, loss, or deduction.

                                         Table 1 to Paragraph (f)(2)(i)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Product A       Product B         Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross receipts..................................................           $200x           $800x         $1,000x
Cost of Goods Sold..............................................            250x            200x            450x
Gross Income (Loss).............................................           (50x)            600x            550x
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Analysis. By not treating the sales of product A as FDDEI 
sales, the amount of DC's foreign-derived deduction eligible income 
would increase by $50x relative to its foreign-derived deduction 
eligible income if the sales of product A were treated as FDDEI 
sales. Accordingly, because DC knows or has reason to know that its 
sales of product A are to foreign persons for a foreign use, the 
sales of product A constitute FDDEI sales under paragraph (f)(1) of 
this section, and thus the $50x loss from the sale of product A is 
included in DC's gross FDDEI.

    (g) Treatment of partnerships--(1) In general. For purposes of 
determining whether a sale of property to or by a partnership or a 
provision of a service to or by a partnership is a FDDEI transaction, a 
partnership is treated as a person. Accordingly, for example, a 
partnership may be a seller, renderer, recipient, or related party, 
including a foreign related party (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-
6(b)(1)).
    (2) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (g).

     (i) Example 1: Domestic partner sale to foreign partnership 
with a foreign branch--(A) Facts. DC, a domestic corporation, is a 
partner in PRS, a foreign partnership. DC and PRS are not related 
parties. PRS has a foreign branch within the meaning of Sec.  1.904-
4(f)(3)(iii). DC and PRS both use the calendar year as their taxable 
year. For the taxable year, DC recognizes $20x of gain on the sale 
of general property to PRS for a foreign use (as determined under 
Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)). During the same taxable year, PRS recognizes 
an additional $20x of gain on the sale of the property to a foreign 
person for a foreign use (as determined under Sec.  1.250(b)-4(d)). 
PRS's income on the sale of the property is attributable to its 
foreign branch.
    (B) Analysis. DC's sale of property to PRS, a foreign 
partnership, is a FDDEI sale because it is a sale to a foreign 
person for a foreign use. Therefore, DC's gain of $20x on the sale 
to PRS is included in DC's gross DEI and gross FDDEI. However, PRS's 
gain of $20x is not included in the gross DEI or gross FDDEI of PRS 
because the gain is foreign branch income within the meaning of 
Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(11). Accordingly, none of PRS's gain on the sale 
of property is included in DC's gross DEI or gross FDDEI under Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(e)(1).

     (ii) Example 2: Domestic partner sale to domestic partnership 
without a foreign branch--(A) Facts. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (g)(2)(i)(A) of this section (the facts in Example 1), 
except PRS is a domestic partnership that does not have a foreign 
branch within the meaning of Sec.  1.904-4(f)(3)(iii).
    (B) Analysis. DC's sale of property to PRS, a domestic 
partnership, is not a FDDEI sale because the sale is to a United 
States person. Therefore, the gross income from DC's sale to PRS is 
included in DC's gross DEI, but is not included in its gross FDDEI. 
However, PRS's subsequent sale is a FDDEI sale, and therefore the 
gain of $20x is included in the gross DEI and gross FDDEI of PRS. 
Accordingly, DC includes its distributive share of PRS's gain from 
the sale in determining DC's gross DEI and gross FDDEI for the 
taxable year under Sec.  1.250(b)-1(e)(1).


Sec.  1.250(b)-4  FDDEI sales.

    (a) Scope. This section provides rules for determining whether a 
sale of property is a FDDEI sale. Paragraph (b) of this section defines 
a FDDEI sale. Paragraph (c) of this section provides rules for 
determining whether a recipient is a foreign person. Paragraph (d) of 
this section provides rules for determining whether general property is 
sold for a foreign use. Paragraph (e) of this section provides rules 
for determining whether intangible property is sold for a foreign use. 
Paragraph (f) of this section provides a special rule for the sale of 
certain financial instruments.
    (b) Definition of FDDEI sale. Except as provided in Sec.  1.250(b)-
6(c), the term FDDEI sale means a sale of general property or 
intangible property to a foreign person (as determined under paragraph 
(c) of this section) for a foreign use (as determined under paragraphs 
(d) and (e) of this section).
    (c) Foreign person--(1) In general. A recipient is a foreign person 
for purposes of paragraph (b) of this section only if the seller 
establishes that the recipient is a foreign person by obtaining the 
documentation described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section (which 
meets the reliability requirements described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d)) 
and, as of the FDII filing date, the seller does not know or have 
reason to

[[Page 8222]]

know that the recipient is not a foreign person.
    (2) Documentation of status as a foreign person--(i) In general. 
Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section, a seller 
establishes the status of a recipient as a foreign person by obtaining 
one or more of the following types of documentation with respect to the 
person--
    (A) A written statement by the recipient that the recipient is a 
foreign person;
    (B) With respect to a recipient that is an entity, documentation 
that establishes that the entity is organized or created under the laws 
of a foreign jurisdiction;
    (C) With respect to an individual, any valid identification issued 
by a foreign government or an agency thereof that is typically used for 
identification purposes;
    (D) Documents filed with a government or an agency or 
instrumentality thereof that provide the foreign jurisdiction of 
organization or residence of an entity (for example, a publicly traded 
corporation's annual report filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange 
Commission that includes the jurisdiction of organization or residence 
of foreign subsidiaries of the corporation); or
    (E) Any other forms of documentation as prescribed by the Secretary 
in forms, instructions, or other guidance.
    (ii) Special rules--(A) Special rule for small businesses. A seller 
that receives less than $10,000,000 in gross receipts during a prior 
taxable year establishes the status of any recipient as a foreign 
person for a taxable year if the seller's shipping address for the 
recipient is outside the United States. If the seller's prior taxable 
year was less than 12 months (a short period), gross receipts are 
annualized by multiplying the gross receipts for the short period by 
365 and dividing the result by the number of days in the short period.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions. A seller that receives 
less than $5,000 in gross receipts during a taxable year from a 
recipient establishes the status of such recipient as a foreign person 
for such taxable year if the seller's shipping address for the 
recipient is outside the United States.
    (d) Foreign use for general property--(1) In general. The sale of 
general property is for a foreign use only if the seller establishes 
that the property is for a foreign use within the meaning of paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section by obtaining the documentation described in 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section (which meets the reliability 
requirements described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d)) and, as of the FDII 
filing date, the seller does not know or have reason to know that the 
property is not for a foreign use within the meaning of paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section.
    (2) Determination of foreign use--(i) In general. Except as 
provided in paragraph (d)(2)(iv) of this section, the sale of general 
property is for a foreign use if--
    (A) The property is not subject to a domestic use within three 
years of the date of delivery; or
    (B) The property is subject to manufacture, assembly, or other 
processing outside the United States before the property is subject to 
a domestic use.
    (ii) Determination of domestic use. General property is subject to 
domestic use if--
    (A) The property is subject to any use, consumption, or disposition 
within the United States; or
    (B) The property is subject to manufacture, assembly, or other 
processing within the United States.
    (iii) Determination of manufacture, assembly, or other processing--
(A) In general. General property is subject to manufacture, assembly, 
or other processing only if the property is physically and materially 
changed (as described in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(B) of this section) or 
the property is incorporated as a component into a second product (as 
described in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(C) of this section).
    (B) Property subject to a physical and material change. For 
purposes of paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(A) of this section, the determination 
of whether general property is subject to a physical and material 
change is made based on all the relevant facts and circumstances. 
However, general property is not considered subject to physical and 
material change if it is subject only to minor assembly, packaging, or 
labeling.
    (C) Property incorporated into second product as a component. For 
purposes of paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(A) of this section, general property 
is treated as a component incorporated into a second product only if 
the fair market value of such property when it is delivered to the 
recipient constitutes no more than 20 percent of the fair market value 
of the second product, determined when the second product is completed. 
For purposes of the preceding sentence, all general property that is 
sold by the seller and incorporated into the second product is treated 
as a single item of property.
    (iv) Determination of foreign use for transportation property. In 
the case of aircraft, railroad rolling stock, vessel, motor vehicle, or 
similar property that provides a mode of transportation and is capable 
of traveling internationally (international transportation property), 
such property is for a foreign use only if, during the three year 
period from the date of delivery, the property is located outside the 
United States more than 50 percent of the time and more than 50 percent 
of the miles traversed in the use of the property are traversed outside 
the United States. For purposes of the preceding sentence, 
international transportation property is deemed to be within the United 
States at all times during which it is engaged in transport between any 
two points within the United States, except where the transport 
constitutes uninterrupted international air transportation within the 
meaning of section 4262(c)(3) and the regulations under that section 
(relating to tax on air transportation of persons).
    (3) Documentation of foreign use of general property--(i) In 
general. Except as provided in paragraphs (d)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this 
section, a seller establishes that general property, or a portion of a 
particular class of fungible general property, is for a foreign use 
only if the seller obtains one or more of the following types of 
documentation with respect to the sale--
    (A) A written statement from the recipient or a related party of 
the recipient that the recipient's use or intended use of the property 
is for a foreign use (within the meaning of paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section);
    (B) A binding contract between the seller and the recipient which 
provides that the recipient's use or intended use of the property is 
for a foreign use (within the meaning of paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section);
    (C) Except in the case of international transportation property, 
documentation of shipment of the general property (including both 
property located within the United States or outside the United States, 
such as in a warehouse, storage facility, or assembly site located 
outside United States) to a location outside the United States (for 
example, a copy of the export bill of lading issued by the carrier 
which delivered the property, or a copy of the certificate of lading 
for the property executed by a customs officer of the country to which 
the property is delivered); or
    (D) Any other forms of documentation as prescribed by the Secretary 
in forms, instructions, or other guidance.
    (ii) Special rules--(A) Special rule for small businesses. A seller 
that receives less than $10,000,000 in gross receipts during the prior 
taxable year establishes that the sale of general property in a taxable 
year to any recipient is for a

[[Page 8223]]

foreign use for the taxable year if the seller's shipping address for 
the recipient is outside the United States. If the seller's prior 
taxable year was a short period, gross receipts are annualized by 
multiplying the gross receipts for the short period by 365 and dividing 
the result by the number of days in the short period.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions. A seller that receives 
less than $5,000 in gross receipts during a taxable year from a 
recipient establishes that the sale of general property to the 
recipient is for a foreign use for the taxable year if the seller's 
shipping address for the recipient is outside the United States.
    (iii) Sales of fungible mass of general property. In the case of 
sales of multiple items of general property, which because of their 
fungible nature cannot reasonably be specifically traced to the 
location of use (fungible mass), as an alternative to obtaining the 
documentation described in paragraphs (d)(3)(i)(A) through (D) of this 
section, a seller may establish that a portion of the fungible mass is 
for a foreign use through market research, including statistical 
sampling, economic modeling and other similar methods indicating that 
the property will be subject to a foreign use. If, under the preceding 
sentence, the seller establishes that 90 percent or more of a fungible 
mass is for a foreign use, then the entire fungible mass is for a 
foreign use. If, under the first sentence of this paragraph 
(d)(3)(iii), the seller does not establish that 10 percent or more of 
the sale of a fungible mass is for a foreign use, then no portion of 
the fungible mass is for a foreign use.
    (4) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (d).
    (i) Presumed facts. The following facts are assumed for purposes of 
the examples--
    (A) DC is a domestic corporation.
    (B) FP is a foreign person that is a foreign unrelated party (as 
defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-6(b)(2)) with respect to DC, and DC obtains 
documentation establishing that FP is a foreign person.
    (C) Any documentation obtained meets the reliability requirements 
described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d).
    (D) The treatment of any sale as a FDDEI sale would not reduce DC's 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income for the year.
    (ii) Examples.

     (A) Example 1: Manufacturing outside the United States--(1) 
Facts. DC sells general property for $18x to FP for manufacture 
outside the United States and obtains documentation of shipment of 
the property to a location outside the United States. DC does not 
know or have reason to know that the property will be subject to a 
domestic use before manufacture, but DC knows or has reason to know 
that the property will be subject to a domestic use after 
manufacture and within three years of delivery to FP. FP will 
incorporate the property into a second product outside the United 
States that FP will sell to a United States person for $100x. The 
property is not physically or materially changed in the process of 
its incorporation into the second product.
    (2) Analysis. Because the fair market value of the general 
property FP purchases from DC and incorporates into the second 
product does not exceed 20% of the fair market value of the second 
product, the general property FP purchases from DC is a component, 
and therefore the property is treated as subject to manufacture, 
assembly, or other processing outside the United States. See 
paragraphs (d)(2)(iii)(A) and (B) of this section. As a result, 
notwithstanding that DC knows or has reason to know that the 
property will be subject to a domestic use within three years of 
delivery, DC does not know or have reason to know that its sale of 
general property to FP is not for a foreign use. See paragraph 
(d)(2)(i)(B) of this section. Accordingly, DC's sale of property to 
FP is for a foreign use under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, and 
the sale is a FDDEI sale.
     (B) Example 2: Manufacturing outside the United States--(1) 
Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (d)(2)(iv)(A)(1) of 
this section (the facts in Example 1), except FP purchases the 
general property from DC for $25x.
    (2) Analysis. Because the fair market value of the general 
property FP purchases from DC and incorporates into the second 
product exceeds 20% of the fair market value of the second product, 
the general property is not treated as a component of the second 
product. Because the property is also not subject to a physical and 
material change in the process of incorporation into the second 
product, the property is not subject to manufacture, assembly, or 
other processing outside the United States. As a result, because DC 
knows or has reason to know that FP will sell the second product, 
which includes the property, for domestic use, DC knows or has 
reason to know that its sale of general property to FP is not for a 
foreign use. Accordingly, DC's sale of the property to FP is not for 
a foreign use under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, and the sale 
is not a FDDEI sale.
     (C) Example 3: Sale of a fungible mass of products--(1) Facts. 
DC and persons other than DC sell multiple units of fungible general 
property to FP during the taxable year. DC obtains documentation of 
shipment of the property to a location outside the United States, 
but it knows or has reason to know that some portion of the property 
will be resold back to customers in the United States. DC also 
engages in reliable market research that determines that 
approximately 25% of the fungible general property FP sold during 
the taxable year is for domestic use.
    (2) Analysis. Notwithstanding that the documentation of shipment 
meets the reliability requirements of Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d), DC knows 
or has reason to know that certain units of the property are not for 
a foreign use. See paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section. 
However, DC can establish foreign use of a portion of the fungible 
property through its market research. See paragraphs (d)(1) and 
(d)(3)(iii) of this section. Based on its market research, DC knows 
that approximately 25% of the total units of fungible general 
property that FP purchased from all persons in the taxable year is 
sold by FP for domestic use. Accordingly, DC satisfies the test for 
a foreign use under paragraph (d)(2) of this section with respect to 
75% of its sales of the property to FP.

    (e) Foreign use for intangible property--(1) In general. A sale of 
intangible property is for a foreign use only to the extent the seller 
establishes that the sale is for a foreign use within the meaning of 
paragraph (e)(2) of this section by obtaining documentation described 
in paragraph (e)(3) of this section (which meets the reliability 
requirements described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d)) and, as of the FDII 
filing date, the seller does not know or have reason to know that the 
portion of the sale of the intangible property for which the seller 
establishes foreign use is not for a foreign use within the meaning of 
paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
    (2) Determination of foreign use--(i) In general. A sale of 
intangible property is for a foreign use only to the extent that the 
intangible property generates revenue from exploitation outside the 
United States. A sale of intangible property rights providing for 
exploitation both within the United States and outside the United 
States is for a foreign use in proportion to the revenue generated from 
exploitation of the intangible property outside the United States over 
the total revenue generated from the exploitation of the intangible 
property. For intangible property used in the development, manufacture, 
sale, or distribution of a product, the intangible property is treated 
as exploited at the location of the end user when the product is sold 
to the end user. Paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) and (iii) of this section 
provide rules for how and when to determine revenue from exploitation 
with respect to different types of sales of intangible property.
    (ii) Sales in exchange for periodic payments. In the case of a sale 
of intangible property to a foreign person in exchange for periodic 
payments, the extent to which the sale is for a foreign use is 
determined on an annual basis based on the actual revenue earned by the 
recipient for the taxable year in which a periodic payment is received.
    (iii) Sales in exchange for a lump sum. In the case of a sale of 
intangible property to a foreign person for a lump sum, the extent to 
which the sale is for a foreign use is determined based on the

[[Page 8224]]

ratio of the total net present value of revenue the seller would have 
reasonably expected to earn from the exploitation of the intangible 
property outside the United States to the total net present value of 
revenue the seller would have reasonably expected to earn from the 
exploitation of the intangible property.
    (3) Documentation of foreign use of intangible property--(i) 
Documentation for sales for periodic payments. Except as provided in 
paragraph (e)(3)(ii) of this section, a seller establishes the extent 
to which a sale of intangible property described in paragraph 
(e)(2)(ii) of this section is for a foreign use by obtaining one or 
more of the following types of documentation with respect to the sale--
    (A) A written statement from the recipient providing the amount of 
the annual revenue from sales or sublicenses of the intangible property 
or sales of products with respect to which the intangible property is 
used that is generated as a result of exploitation of the intangible 
property outside the United States and the total amount of revenue from 
such sales or sublicenses worldwide;
    (B) A binding contract for the sale of the intangible property that 
provides that the intangible property can be exploited solely outside 
the United States;
    (C) Audited financial statements or annual reports of the recipient 
stating the amount of annual revenue earned within the United States 
and outside the United States from sales of products with respect to 
which the intangible property is used;
    (D) Any statements or documents used by the seller and the 
recipient to determine the amount of payment due for exploitation of 
the intangible property if those statements or documents provide 
reliable data on revenue earned within the United States and outside 
the United States; or
    (E) Any other forms of documentation as prescribed by the Secretary 
in forms, instructions, or other guidance.
    (ii) Certain sales to foreign unrelated parties. In the case of a 
sale of intangible property described in paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this 
section that are not contingent on revenue or profit to a foreign 
unrelated party (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-6(b)(2)), where the 
seller is unable to obtain the documentation described in paragraph 
(e)(3)(i) of this section without undue burden, a seller establishes 
the extent to which the sale of intangible property is for a foreign 
use using the principles of paragraph (e)(3)(iii) of this section, 
except that the seller must make reasonable projections on an annual 
basis.
    (iii) Documentation for sales in exchange for a lump sum. A seller 
establishes the extent to which a sale of intangible property described 
in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section is for a foreign use through 
documentation containing reasonable projections of the amount and 
location of revenue that the seller would have reasonably expected to 
earn from exploiting the intangible property. To be considered 
reasonable, the projections must be consistent with the financial data 
and projections used by the seller to determine the price it sold the 
intangible property to the foreign person.
    (4) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (e).
    (i) Presumed facts. The following facts are assumed for purposes of 
the examples--
    (A) DC is a domestic corporation.
    (B) Except as otherwise provided, FP and FP2 are foreign persons 
that are foreign unrelated parties (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-
6(b)(2)) with respect to DC.
    (C) Any documentation obtained meets the reliability requirements 
described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d).
    (D) All of DC's income is deduction eligible income.
    (E) The treatment of any sale as a FDDEI sale would not reduce DC's 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income for the year.
    (ii) Examples.

     (A) Example 1: License of worldwide rights with documentation--
(1) Facts. DC licenses to FP worldwide rights to the copyright to 
composition A in exchange for annual royalties of $60x. FP sells 
composition A to customers through digital downloads from servers. 
In the taxable year, FP earns $100x in revenue from sales of copies 
of composition A to customers, of which $60x is from customers 
located in the United States and the remaining $40x is from 
customers located outside the United States. FP provides DC with 
records showing the amount of revenue earned in the taxable year 
from sales of composition A to establish the royalties owed to DC. 
These records also provide DC with the amount of revenue earned from 
sales of composition A in different countries, including the United 
States.
    (2) Analysis. Based on the information provided, DC has obtained 
documentation establishing that 40% ($40x/$100x) of the revenue 
generated by the copyright during the taxable year is earned outside 
the United States. Accordingly, a portion of DC's license to FP is 
for a foreign use under paragraph (e)(2) of this section and 
therefore such portion is a FDDEI sale. The $24x of royalty (0.40 x 
$60x) derived with respect to such portion is included in DC's gross 
FDDEI for the taxable year.
     (B) Example 2: License of worldwide rights without 
documentation--(1) Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph 
(e)(4)(ii)(A)(1) of this section (the facts in Example 1), except FP 
does not provide DC with data showing how much revenue was earned 
from sales in different countries.
    (2) Analysis. DC has not obtained documentation establishing the 
amount of revenue FP earned from sales of composition A outside the 
United States. Accordingly, DC's license of the copyright is not for 
a foreign use under paragraph (e)(2) of this section and is not a 
FDDEI sale.
     (C) Example 3: Sale of patent rights protected in the United 
States and other countries; documentation through financial 
projections--(1) Facts. DC owns a patent for an active 
pharmaceutical ingredient (``API'') approved for treatment of 
disease A (``indication A'') in the United States and in Countries 
A, B, and C. The patent is registered in the United States and in 
Countries A, B, and C. DC sells to FP all of its patent rights to 
the API for indication A for a lump sum payment of $1,000x. DC has 
no basis in the patent rights. To determine the sales price for the 
patent rights, DC projected that the net present value of the 
revenue it would earn from selling a pharmaceutical product 
incorporating the API for indication A was $5,000x, with 15% of the 
revenue earned from sales within the United States and 85% of the 
revenue earned from sales outside the United States.
    (2) Analysis. Based on the financial projections DC used to 
determine the sales price, DC has obtained documentation 
establishing that 85% of the revenue that will be generated by the 
patent rights will be outside the United States. Accordingly, a 
portion of DC's sale to FP is for a foreign use under paragraph 
(e)(2) of this section and such portion is a FDDEI sale. The $850x 
(85% x $1,000x) of gain derived with respect to such portion is 
included in DC's gross FDDEI for the taxable year.
     (D) Example 4: Limited use license of copyrighted computer 
software; documentation through public filing--(1) Facts. DC 
provides FP with a limited use license to copyrighted computer 
software in exchange for an annual fee of $100x. The limited use 
license restricts FP's use of the computer software to 100 of FP's 
employees. The limited use license prohibits FP from using the 
computer software in any way other than as an end-user, which 
includes prohibiting sublicensing, selling, reverse engineering, or 
modifying the computer software. FP's annual report for the taxable 
year indicates that all of FP's employees are physically located 
outside the United States.
    (2) Analysis. The software licensed to FP is exploited where its 
employees that use the software are located. The revenue DC earns 
from the limited use license to FP is based on the number of FP's 
employees allowed to use the computer software as end-users. Based 
on FP's annual report for the taxable year, DC has obtained 
documentation establishing that all the revenue generated for the 
use of the copyrighted computer software is earned outside the 
United States for the taxable year. Accordingly, DC's license to FP 
is for a foreign use and therefore a FDDEI

[[Page 8225]]

sale. The entire $100x of the license fee is included in DC's gross 
FDDEI for the taxable year.
     (E) Example 5: Limited use license of copyrighted computer 
software; documentation through public filing--(1) Facts. The facts 
are the same as in paragraph (e)(4)(ii)(D)(1) of this section (the 
facts in Example 4), except that FP's annual report for the taxable 
year indicates that FP has offices both within and outside the 
United States, and that 50% of FP's revenue is earned within the 
United States.
    (2) Analysis. Based on FP's annual report for the taxable year, 
DC has obtained documentation establishing that 50% of the revenue 
generated from the use of the copyrighted computer software is 
outside the United States for the taxable year. Accordingly, a 
portion of DC's license to FP is for a foreign use and therefore 
such portion is a FDDEI sale. The $50x of license fee derived with 
respect to such portion is included in DC's gross FDDEI for the 
taxable year.
     (F) Example 6: Deemed sale in exchange for contingent payments 
under section 367(d)--(1) Facts. DC owns 100% of the stock of FP, a 
foreign related party (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-6(b)(1)) with 
respect to DC. FP manufactures and sells product A. For the taxable 
year, DC contributes to FP exclusive worldwide rights to patents, 
trademarks, knowhow, customer lists, and goodwill and going concern 
value (collectively, intangible property) related to product A in an 
exchange described in section 351. As a result, DC is required to 
report an annual income inclusion on its Federal income tax return 
based on the productivity, use, or disposition of the contributed 
intangible property under section 367(d). DC includes a percentage 
of FP's revenue in its gross income under section 367(d) each year. 
In the current taxable year, FP earns $1,000x of revenue from sales 
of product A. Based on FP's sales records for the taxable year, 
$300x of its revenue is earned from sales of product A to customers 
within the United States, and $700x of its revenue is earned from 
sales of product A to customers outside the United States.
    (2) Analysis. DC's deemed sale of the intangible property to FP 
in exchange for payments contingent upon the productivity, use, or 
disposition of the intangible property related to product A under 
section 367(d) is a sale for purposes of section 250 and this 
section. See Sec.  1.250(b)-3(b)(7). Based on FP's sales records, DC 
has obtained documentation that 70% ($700/$1,000x) of the revenue 
generated by the intangible property is generated outside the United 
States in the taxable year. Accordingly, for the taxable year, 70% 
of DC's deemed sale to FP is for a foreign use, and 70% of DC's 
income inclusion under section 367(d) derived with respect to such 
portion is included in DC's gross FDDEI for the taxable year.

    (f) Special rule for certain financial instruments. The sale of a 
security (as defined in section 475(c)(2)) or a commodity (as defined 
in section 475(e)(2)(B) through (D)) is not a FDDEI sale.


Sec.  1.250(b)-5   FDDEI services.

    (a) Scope. This section provides rules for determining whether a 
provision of a service is a FDDEI service. Paragraph (b) of this 
section defines a FDDEI service. Paragraph (c) of this section provides 
definitions relevant for determining whether a provision of a service 
is a FDDEI service. Paragraph (d) of this section provides rules for 
determining whether a general service is provided to a consumer located 
outside the United States. Paragraph (e) of this section provides rules 
for determining whether a general service is provided to a business 
recipient located outside the United States. Paragraph (f) of this 
section provides rules for determining whether a proximate service is 
provided to a recipient located outside the United States. Paragraph 
(g) of this section provides rules for determining whether a service is 
provided with respect to property located outside the United States. 
Paragraph (h) of this section provides rules for determining whether a 
transportation service is provided to a recipient, or with respect to 
property, located outside the United States.
    (b) Definition of FDDEI service. Except as provided in Sec.  
1.250(b)-6(d), the term FDDEI service means a provision of a service 
described in one of paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section. If 
only a portion of a service is treated as provided to a person, or with 
respect to property, outside the United States, the provision of the 
service is a FDDEI service only to the extent of the gross income 
derived with respect to such portion.
    (1) The provision of a general service to a consumer located 
outside the United States (as determined under paragraph (d) of this 
section).
    (2) The provision of a general service to a business recipient 
located outside the United States (as determined under paragraph (e) of 
this section).
    (3) The provision of a proximate service to a recipient located 
outside the United States (as determined under paragraph (f) of this 
section).
    (4) The provision of a property service with respect to tangible 
property located outside the United States (as determined under 
paragraph (g) of this section).
    (5) The provision of a transportation service to a recipient, or 
with respect to property, located outside the United States (as 
determined under paragraph (h) of this section).
    (c) Definitions. This paragraph (c) provides definitions that apply 
for purposes of this section and Sec.  1.250(b)-6.
    (1) Benefit. The term benefit has the meaning set forth in Sec.  
1.482-9(l)(3).
    (2) Business recipient. The term business recipient means a 
recipient other than a consumer.
    (3) Consumer. The term consumer means a recipient that is an 
individual that purchases a general service for personal use.
    (4) General service. The term general service means any service 
other than a property service, proximate service, or transportation 
service.
    (5) Property service. The term property service means a service, 
other than a transportation service, provided with respect to tangible 
property, but only if substantially all of the service is performed at 
the location of the property and results in physical manipulation of 
the property such as through assembly, maintenance, or repair. 
Substantially all of a service is performed at the location of property 
if the renderer spends more than 80 percent of the time providing the 
service at or near the location of the property.
    (6) Proximate service. The term proximate service means a service, 
other than a property service or a transportation service, provided to 
a recipient, but only if substantially all of the service is performed 
in the physical presence of the recipient or, in the case of a business 
recipient, its employees. Substantially all of a service is performed 
in the physical presence of the recipient or its employees if the 
renderer spends more than 80 percent of the time providing the service 
in the physical presence of the recipient or its employees.
    (7) Transportation service. The term transportation service means a 
service to transport a person or property using aircraft, railroad 
rolling stock, vessel, motor vehicle, or any similar mode of 
transportation.
    (d) General services provided to consumers--(1) In general. A 
general service is provided to a consumer located outside the United 
States only if the renderer establishes that the consumer is located 
outside the United States by obtaining the documentation described in 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section (which meets the reliability 
requirements described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d)) and, as of the FDII 
filing date, the renderer does not know or have reason to know that the 
consumer is located within the United States (as determined under 
paragraph (d)(2) of this section) when the service is provided.
    (2) Location of consumer. For purposes of paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section, the consumer of a general service is located where the 
consumer resides when the service is provided.
    (3) Documentation of location of consumer--(i) In general. Except 
as

[[Page 8226]]

provided in paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section, a renderer 
establishes that a consumer is located outside the United States only 
if the renderer obtains one or more of the following types of 
documentation with respect to the consumer--
    (A) A written statement by the consumer indicating that the 
consumer resides outside the United States when the service is 
provided;
    (B) Any valid identification issued by a foreign government or an 
agency thereof that is typically used for identification purposes; or
    (C) Any other forms of documentation as prescribed by the Secretary 
in forms, instructions, or other guidance.
    (ii) Special rules--(A) Special rule for small businesses. A 
renderer that receives less than $10,000,000 in gross receipts during 
the prior taxable year establishes that any consumer of a service 
provided in the taxable year is located outside the United States if 
the renderer's billing address for the consumer is outside of the 
United States. If a renderer has a prior taxable year of fewer than 12 
months (a short period), gross receipts are annualized by multiplying 
the gross receipts for the short period by 365 and dividing the result 
by the number of days in the short period.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions. A renderer that receives 
less than $5,000 in gross receipts during a taxable year from a 
consumer establishes that such consumer is located outside the United 
States for such taxable year if the renderer's billing address for the 
consumer is outside the United States.
    (e) General services provided to business recipients--(1) In 
general. A general service is provided to a business recipient located 
outside the United States only to the extent that the renderer 
establishes that the service is provided to a business recipient 
located outside the United States (as determined under paragraph (e)(2) 
of this section) by obtaining the documentation described in paragraph 
(e)(3) of this section (which meets the reliability requirements 
described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d)) and, as of the FDII filing date, the 
renderer does not know or have reason to know that the portion of the 
service which the seller establishes is provided to a business 
recipient located outside the United States is provided to a business 
recipient that is located within the United States when the service is 
provided.
    (2) Location of business recipient--(i) In general. A service is 
provided to a business recipient located outside of the United States 
to the extent that the gross income derived by the renderer from such 
service is allocated to the business recipient's operations outside the 
United States under the rules in paragraphs (e)(2)(i)(A) and (B) of 
this section. A service is provided to a business recipient located 
within the United States to the extent that a service is not provided 
to a business recipient located outside the United States.
    (A) Determination of business operations that benefit from the 
service. If the renderer provides a service that provides a benefit to 
the operations of the business recipient in specific locations, gross 
income of the renderer is allocated to a business recipient's 
operations outside the United States to the extent that the benefit of 
the service is conferred on operations of the business recipient that 
are located outside the United States. However, if the renderer is 
unable to obtain reliable information regarding the specific locations 
of the operations of the business recipient to which a benefit is 
conferred, or if the renderer provides a service that does not provide 
a benefit to specific locations of the business recipient's operations 
but rather will generally confer a benefit on all locations of the 
business recipient's operations, gross income of the renderer is 
allocated ratably to all of the business recipient's operations at the 
time the service is provided.
    (B) Determination of amount of benefit conferred on operations 
outside the United States. The amount of the benefit conferred on a 
business recipient's operations located outside the United States is 
determined under any method that is reasonable under the circumstances. 
In determining whether a method is reasonable, the principles of Sec.  
1.482-9(k) apply, treating the business recipient's operations in 
different locations as if they were ``recipients'' and treating the 
renderer's gross income as if they were ``costs'' as those terms are 
used in Sec.  1.482-9(k). Reasonable methods may include, for example, 
allocations based on time spent or costs incurred by the renderer or 
gross receipts, revenue, profits, or assets of the business recipient.
    (ii) Location of business recipient's operations. For purposes of 
this paragraph (e), a business recipient is treated as having 
operations in any location where it maintains an office or other fixed 
place of business.
    (3) Documentation of location of business recipient--(i) In 
general. A renderer establishes that a business recipient is located 
outside the United States only if the renderer obtains one or more of 
the types of documentation described in paragraphs (e)(3)(i)(A) through 
(E) of this section. The documentation must also support the renderer's 
allocation of income described in paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section.
    (A) A written statement from the business recipient that specifies 
the locations of the operations of the business recipient that benefit 
from the service.
    (B) A binding contract that specifies the locations of the 
operations of the business recipient that benefit from the service.
    (C) Documentation obtained in the ordinary course of the provision 
of the service that specifies the locations of the operations of the 
business recipient that benefit from the service.
    (D) Publicly available information that establishes the locations 
of the operations of the business recipient.
    (E) Any other forms of documentation as prescribed by the Secretary 
in forms, instructions, or other guidance.
    (ii) Special rules--(A) Special rule for small businesses. A 
renderer that receives less than $10,000,000 in gross receipts during a 
prior taxable year establishes that a business recipient of a service 
provided in a taxable year is located outside the United States if the 
renderer's billing address for the business recipient is outside of the 
United States. If the renderer's prior taxable year is less than 12 
months (a short period), gross receipts are annualized by multiplying 
the gross receipts for the short period by 365 and dividing the result 
by the number of days in the short period.
    (B) Special rule for small transactions. A renderer that receives 
less than $5,000 in gross receipts during a taxable year from services 
provided to a business recipient in such taxable year establishes that 
such business recipient is located outside the United States if the 
renderer's billing address for the business recipient is outside the 
United States.
    (4) Related parties. For purposes of this paragraph (e), a 
reference to a business recipient includes a reference to any related 
party of the business recipient.
    (5) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (e).
    (i) Presumed facts. The following facts are assumed for purposes of 
the examples--
    (A) DC is a domestic corporation.
    (B) A and R are not related parties of DC.
    (C) Any documentation obtained meets the reliability requirements 
described in Sec.  1.250(b)-3(d).
    (D) The treatment of any service as a FDDEI service would not 
reduce DC's

[[Page 8227]]

foreign-derived deduction eligible income for the year.
    (ii) Examples.

     (A) Example 1: Service that benefits specific aspects of the 
business recipient's business--(1) Facts. For the taxable year, DC 
provides a marketing service to R, a company that operates 
restaurants within and outside of the United States, in exchange for 
$150x. Publicly available information indicates that 50% of the 
revenue earned by R and its related parties is from customers 
located outside of the United States. However, the marketing service 
that DC provides relates specifically to a single chain of 
restaurants that R operates. Sales information that R provides to DC 
indicates that 70% of the revenue of the restaurant chain is from 
locations within the United States and 30% of the revenue is from 
locations outside the United States.
    (2) Analysis. R is located outside the United States in part 
under paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section because DC's services 
benefit both R's operations within the United States and its 
operations outside the United States. Under paragraph (e)(2)(i) of 
this section, the portion of the service provided by DC that is 
treated as provided to a person located outside the United States is 
determined by the amount of DC's gross income from the service that 
is allocated to R's operations outside the United States. Because DC 
provides a service that provides a benefit to R's operations in 
specific locations, and reliable information about the specific 
locations of the operations that receive a benefit is available, DC 
must determine R's location based on information relating 
specifically to R's business operations that benefits from DC's 
service. See paragraph (e)(2)(i)(A) of this section. In this case, 
allocation of DC's gross income based on the revenue of the business 
recipient is a reasonable method. See paragraph (e)(2)(i)(B) of this 
section. Therefore, 30% of the provision of the marketing service is 
treated as the provision of a service to a person located outside 
the United States and a FDDEI service under paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section. Accordingly, $45x ($150x x 0.30) of DC's gross income from 
the provision of the marketing service is included in DC's gross 
FDDEI for the taxable year.
     (B) Example 2: Service that benefits the business recipient's 
operations generally--(1) Facts. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (e)(5)(ii)(A)(1) of this section (the facts in Example 1), 
except that DC provides an information technology service to R that 
benefits R's entire business.
    (2) Analysis. Because the service that DC provides relate to R's 
entire business, DC may rely on publicly available information 
indicating that 50% of R's operations are outside of the United 
States. See paragraph (e)(2)(i)(A) of this section. Therefore, 50% 
of the provision of the information technology service is treated as 
a service to a person located outside the United States and a FDDEI 
service under paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Accordingly, $75x 
($150x x 0.50) of DC's gross income from the provision of the 
information technology service is included in DC's gross FDDEI for 
the taxable year.
     (C) Example 3: No reliable information about which operations 
benefit from the service--(1) Facts. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (e)(5)(ii)(A)(1) of this section (the facts in Example 1), 
except that no information is available to DC about the specific 
chain of restaurants for which the service is provided.
    (2) Analysis. Because the only information available to DC 
relates to R's entire business, DC may rely on publicly available 
information indicating that 50% of R's operations are outside of the 
United States to determine the portion of the service treated as 
provided to a person located outside the United States. See 
paragraph (e)(2)(i)(A) of this section. Therefore, 50% of the 
provision of the marketing service is treated as a service to a 
person located outside the United States and a FDDEI service under 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Accordingly, $75x ($150x x 0.50) 
of DC's gross income from the provision of the marketing service is 
included in DC's gross FDDEI for the taxable year.
     (D) Example 4: Service provided to a domestic intermediary--(1) 
Facts. A, a domestic corporation that operates solely in the United 
States, enters into a services agreement with R, a company that 
operates solely outside the United States. Under the agreement, A 
agrees to perform a consulting service for R. A hires DC to provide 
a service to A that A will use in the provision of a consulting 
service to R.
    (2) Analysis. A is located within the United States because the 
service that DC provides A confers a benefit solely to A's 
operations within the United States. R is located outside the United 
States because the service that A provides to R confers a benefit 
solely to R's operations outside the United States. See paragraph 
(e)(2)(i) of this section. Because DC provides a service to A, a 
person located within the United States, DC's provision of the 
service to A is not a FDDEI service under paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section, even though the service is used by A in providing a service 
to R, a person located outside the United States. See also section 
250(b)(5)(B)(ii). However, A's provision of the consulting service 
to R may be a FDDEI service, in which case A's gross income from the 
provision of such service would be included in A's gross FDDEI.

    (f) Proximate services. A proximate service is provided with 
respect to a recipient located outside the United States if the 
proximate service is performed outside the United States. In the case 
of a proximate service performed partly within the United States and 
partly outside of the United States, a proportionate amount of the 
service is treated as provided to a recipient located outside the 
United States corresponding to the portion of time the renderer spends 
providing the service outside of the United States.
    (g) Property services. A property service is provided with respect 
to tangible property located outside the United States only if the 
property is located outside the United States for the duration of the 
period the service is performed.
    (h) Transportation services. Except as provided in this paragraph 
(h), a transportation service is provided to a recipient, or with 
respect to property, located outside the United States only if both the 
origin and the destination of the service are outside of the United 
States. However, in the case of a transportation service provided to a 
recipient, or with respect to property, where either the origin or the 
destination of the service is outside of the United States, but not 
both, then 50 percent of the transportation service is considered 
provided to a recipient, or with respect to property, located outside 
the United States.


Sec.  1.250(b)-6   Related party transactions.

    (a) Scope. This section provides additional rules for determining 
whether a sale of property or a provision of a service to a related 
party is a FDDEI transaction. Paragraph (b) of this section provides 
additional definitions relevant for determining whether a sale of 
property or a provision of a service to a related party is a FDDEI 
transaction. Paragraph (c) of this section provides additional rules 
for determining whether a sale of general property to a foreign related 
party is a FDDEI sale. Paragraph (d) of this section provides 
additional rules for determining whether the provision of a general 
service to a business recipient that is a related party is a FDDEI 
service.
    (b) Definitions. This paragraph (b) provides definitions that apply 
for purposes of this section.
    (1) Foreign related party. The term foreign related party means, 
with respect to a seller or renderer, any foreign person that is a 
related party of the seller or renderer.
    (2) Foreign unrelated party. The term foreign unrelated party 
means, with respect to a seller, a foreign person that is not a related 
party of the seller.
    (3) Related party sale. The term related party sale means a sale of 
general property to a foreign related party that satisfies the 
requirements described in Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b) without regard to 
paragraph (c) of this section. See Sec.  1.250(b)-1(e)(3)(ii)(D) 
(Example 4) for an illustration of a related party sale in the case of 
a seller that is a partnership.
    (4) Related party service. The term related party service means a 
provision of a general service to a business recipient that is a 
related party of the renderer and that is described in Sec.  1.250(b)-
5(b)(2) without regard to paragraph (d) of this section.

[[Page 8228]]

    (5) Unrelated party transaction. The term unrelated party 
transaction means, with respect to property purchased in a related 
party sale from a seller--
    (i) A sale of the property by a foreign related party to a foreign 
unrelated party with respect to the seller;
    (ii) A sale of property by a foreign related party to a foreign 
unrelated party with respect to the seller if the property sold in the 
related party sale is a component of the property sold to the foreign 
unrelated party;
    (iii) A sale of property by a foreign related party to a foreign 
unrelated party with respect to the seller, other than a sale described 
in paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section, if the property sold in the 
related party sale is used in connection with the property sold to the 
foreign unrelated party; or
    (iv) A provision of a service by a foreign related party to a 
foreign unrelated party with respect to the seller, if the property 
sold in the related party sale was used in connection with the 
provision of the service.
    (c) Related party sales--(1) In general. A related party sale is a 
FDDEI sale only if the requirements described in either paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section are satisfied with respect to the 
related party sale. Section 250(b)(5)(C)(i) and this paragraph (c) does 
not apply to determine whether a sale of intangible property to a 
foreign related party is a FDDEI sale.
    (i) Sale of property in an unrelated party transaction. A related 
party sale is a FDDEI sale if an unrelated party transaction described 
in paragraph (b)(5)(i) or (ii) of this section occurs with respect to 
the property purchased in the related party sale, such unrelated party 
transaction is described in Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b), and, except as 
provided in this paragraph (c)(1)(i), the unrelated party transaction 
occurs on or before the FDII filing date. In the case of an unrelated 
party transaction that occurs after the FDII filing date with respect 
to a related party sale, a taxpayer may file an amended return for the 
taxable year in which the related party sale occurred, within the 
period of limitations provided by section 6511, claiming the related 
party sale as a FDDEI sale for purposes of determining the taxpayer's 
foreign-derived intangible income for that taxable year.
    (ii) Use of property in an unrelated party transaction. A related 
party sale is a FDDEI sale if, as of the FDII filing date, the seller 
in the related party sale reasonably expects that one or more unrelated 
party transactions described in paragraph (b)(5)(iii) or (iv) of this 
section will occur with respect to the property purchased in the 
related party sale, such unrelated party transaction or transactions 
would be described in Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b) or Sec.  1.250(b)-5(b) 
without regard to the documentation rules in Sec.  1.250(b)-4 or Sec.  
1.250(b)-5, and more than 80 percent of the revenue earned by the 
foreign related party with respect to the property will be earned from 
such unrelated party transaction or transactions.
    (2) Treatment of foreign related party as seller or renderer. For 
purposes of determining whether a sale of property or provision of a 
service by a foreign related party is, or would be, described in Sec.  
1.250(b)-4 or Sec.  1.250(b)-5 (except for purposes of obtaining 
documentation), the foreign related party that sells the property or 
provides the service is treated as a seller or renderer, as applicable, 
and the foreign unrelated party is treated as the recipient. In the 
case of an unrelated party transaction described in paragraph (b)(5)(i) 
or (ii) of this section, the seller in the related party sale must 
obtain the documentation required in Sec.  1.250(b)-4.
    (3) Transactions between a foreign related party and other foreign 
related parties. All foreign related parties of the seller are treated 
as if they were a single foreign related party for purposes of applying 
paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section. Accordingly, if a foreign 
related party sells or uses property purchased in a related party sale 
in a transaction with a second foreign related party of the seller, 
transactions between the second foreign related party and unrelated 
parties may be treated as an unrelated party transaction for purposes 
of applying paragraph (c)(1) of this section to a related party sale.

     (4) Example. The following example illustrates the application 
of paragraph (c) of this section.
    (i) Facts. DC, a domestic corporation, sells a machine to FC, a 
foreign related party of DC in a transaction described in Sec.  
1.250(b)-4(b) (without regard to Sec.  1.250(b)-6(c)). FC uses the 
machine solely to manufacture product A. As of the FDII filing date 
for the taxable year, FC reasonably expects that more than 80% of 
future revenue from sales of product A will be from sales that would 
be described in Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b) without regard to the 
documentation requirements of Sec.  1.250(b)-4(c) and (d).
    (ii) Analysis. The sale by DC to FC is a related party sale. 
Because FC uses the machine to make product A, but the machine is 
not a component of product A, FC's sale of product A is an unrelated 
party transaction described in paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this 
section. Therefore, DC's sale of the machine is only a FDDEI sale if 
the requirements of paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section are 
satisfied. Because DC reasonably expects that more than 80% of the 
revenue from future sales of product A will be from unrelated party 
transactions that would be described in Sec.  1.250(b)-4(b), DC's 
sale of the machine to FC is a FDDEI sale.

    (d) Related party services--(1) In general. Except as provided in 
this paragraph (d)(1), a related party service is a FDDEI service only 
if the related party service is not substantially similar to a service 
provided by the related party to a person located within the United 
States. However, if a related party service is substantially similar to 
a service provided (in whole or in part) by the related party to a 
person located in the United States solely by reason of paragraph 
(d)(2)(ii) of this section, the amount of gross income from the related 
party service attributable to a FDDEI service is equal to the gross 
income from the related party service multiplied by a fraction, the 
numerator of which is the sum of the benefits conferred by the related 
party service to persons not located within the United States and the 
denominator of which is the sum of all benefits conferred by the 
related party service. Section 250(b)(5)(C)(ii) and this paragraph 
(d)(1) apply only to a general service provided to a business recipient 
and are not applicable with respect to any other service provided to a 
foreign related party.
    (2) Substantially similar services. A related party service is 
substantially similar to a service provided by the related party to a 
person located within the United States only if the related party 
service is used by the related party to provide a service to a person 
located within the United States and either--
    (i) 60 percent or more of the benefits conferred by the related 
party service are to persons located within the United States; or
    (ii) 60 percent or more of the price paid by persons located within 
the United States for the service provided by the related party is 
attributable to the related party service.
    (3) Location of recipient of services provided by related party. 
For purposes of paragraph (d) of this section, the location of a 
consumer or business recipient with respect to a related party service 
is determined under the principles of Sec.  1.250(b)-5(d)(2) and 
(e)(2), respectively.
    (4) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (d).
    (i) Presumed facts. The following facts are assumed for purposes of 
the examples--
    (A) DC is a domestic corporation.
    (B) FC is a foreign corporation and a foreign related party of DC 
that operates solely outside the United States.
    (C) The service DC provides to FC is a general service provided to 
a business

[[Page 8229]]

recipient located outside the United States as described in Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(b)(2) without regard to the application of paragraph (d) of 
this section.
    (D) The benefits conferred by DC's service to FC's customers are 
not indirect or remote within the meaning of Sec.  1.482-9(l)(3)(ii).
    (ii) Examples.

     (A) Example 1: Services that are substantially similar services 
under paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section--(1) Facts. FC enters into 
a services agreement with R, a company that operates restaurant 
chains within and outside the United States. Under the agreement, FC 
agrees to furnish a design for the renovation of a chain of 
restaurants that R owns, which design will include architectural 
plans. FC hires DC to provide an architectural service to FC that FC 
will use in the provision of its design service to R. The 
architectural service that DC provides to FC will serve no other 
purpose than to enable FC to provide its service to R. The 
architectural service will benefit solely R's operations within the 
United States. FC pays an arm's length price of $50x to DC for the 
architectural service and DC recognizes $50x of gross income from 
the service. FC incurs additional costs to add additional design 
elements to the plans and charges R a total of $100x for its 
service.
    (2) Analysis. The service that DC provides to FC is used in the 
provision of a service to R. R is treated as entirely located within 
the United States under paragraph (d)(3) of this section and the 
principles of Sec.  1.250(b)-5(e)(2) because only its U.S. 
operations benefit from the service provided by DC. Because FC uses 
DC's architectural service to provide its design service to R, and 
the architectural service that DC provides to FC will serve no 
purpose other than to enable FC to provide its service to R, 100% of 
the benefits conferred by DC's architectural service are to R, a 
person located within the United States. Therefore, the service 
provided by DC to FC is substantially similar to the service 
provided by FC to R under paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section. 
Accordingly, DC's provision of the architectural service to FC is 
not a FDDEI service under paragraph (d)(1) of this section and DC's 
gross income from the architectural service ($50x) is not included 
in its gross FDDEI.
     (B) Example 2: Services that are substantially similar services 
under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section--(1) Facts. The facts are 
the same as paragraph (d)(4)(ii)(A)(1) (the facts in Example 1), 
except that FC pays an arm's length price of $75x to DC for the 
architectural service, DC recognizes $75x of gross income from the 
service, and 90% of the benefits of DC's architectural service are 
conferred on R's operations outside the United States.
    (2) Analysis--(i) Analysis under paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this 
section. R is treated as located within the United States with 
respect to DC's architectural service under paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section to the extent of the benefits conferred on its operations 
within the United States by the architectural service. See Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(e)(2). Because 90% of the benefits of DC's architectural 
service are conferred on R's operations outside the United States, 
only 10% of the benefits of DC's architectural service are treated 
as conferred on persons located within the United States under 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section. Therefore, the architectural 
service provided by DC to FC is not substantially similar to the 
design service provided by FC to persons located within the United 
States under paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section.
    (ii) Analysis under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section. 
Because 10% of the benefits of FC's architectural design services 
are conferred on R's operations within the United States, $10x of 
the amount paid by R for FC's services (10% x $100) is treated as 
paid by persons located within the United States. Similarly, because 
10% of the benefits of DC's architectural services are conferred on 
R's operations within the United States, of the $10x paid with 
respect to R's operations within the United States, $7.5x (10% x 
$75x) is attributable to DC's architectural service. Accordingly, 
because 75% ($7.5 x /$10x) of the price paid by R to FC for the 
design service is attributable to the architectural service provided 
by DC to FC, and R is a person located within the United States 
under paragraph (d)(3) of this section and the principles of Sec.  
1.250(b)-5(e)(2), the architectural service provided by DC to FC is 
substantially similar to the design service provided by FC to 
persons located within the United States under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) 
of this section.
    (iii) Application of paragraph (d)(1) of this section. Because 
DC's architectural service is substantially similar to FC's design 
service provided to R, a person located in the United States, solely 
by reason of paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section, the amount of 
gross income from DC's architectural service included in its gross 
FDDEI is $67.5x, which is equal to DC's gross income from the 
architectural service ($75x) multiplied by 90%, which is the 
percentage of the benefits of DC's architectural service that are 
conferred on R's operations outside the United States.

0
Par. 3. Section 1.962-1 is amended by adding paragraphs 
(b)(1)(i)(A)(2), (b)(1)(i)(B)(3), and revising paragraph (d) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  1.962-1  Limitation of tax for individuals on amounts included in 
gross income under section 951(a).

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (A) * * *
    (2) His GILTI inclusion amount (as defined in Sec.  1.951A-1(c)(1)) 
for the taxable year; plus
* * * * *
    (B) * * *
    (3) The portion of the deduction under section 250 and Sec.  
1.250(a)-1 that would be allowed to a domestic corporation equal to the 
percentage applicable to global intangible low-taxed income for the 
taxable year under section 250(a)(1)(B) (including as modified by 
section 250(a)(3)(B)) multiplied by the sum of the amount described in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A)(2) of this section and the amount described in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A)(3) of this section that is attributable to the 
amount described in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A)(2) of this section.
* * * * *
    (d) Applicability dates. Except as otherwise provided in this 
paragraph (d), paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section applies beginning 
the last taxable year of a foreign corporation that begins before 
January 1, 2018, and with respect to a United States person, for the 
taxable year in which or with which such taxable year of the foreign 
corporation ends. Paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B)(3) applies to taxable years of 
a foreign corporation ending on or after March 4, 2019, and with 
respect to a United States person, for the taxable year in which or 
with which such taxable year of the foreign corporation ends.
0
Par. 4. Section 1.1502-12, as proposed to be amended in 83 FR 51072 
(Oct. 10, 2018), is further amended by adding paragraph (t) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  1.1502-12  Separate taxable income.

* * * * *
    (t) See Sec.  1.1502-50 for rules relating to the computation of a 
member's deduction under section 250.
0
Par. 5. Section 1.1502-13, as proposed to be amended in 83 FR 67490 
(Dec. 28, 2018), is further amended:
0
1. In paragraph (a)(6)(ii), under the heading ``Matching rule. (Sec.  
1.1502-13(c)(7)(ii))'', by adding entry (T); and
0
2. Adding paragraph (c)(7)(ii)(T).
    The additions read as follows:


Sec.  1.1502-13   Intercompany transactions.

    (a) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    Matching rule. (Sec.  1.1502-13(c)(7)(ii))
* * * * *
    (T) Example 20. Redetermination of attributes for section 250 
purposes.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (7) * * *
    (ii) * * *

     (T) Example 20: Redetermination of attributes for section 250 
purposes--(1) Facts. S manufactures equipment in the United States 
and recognizes $75 of gross income included in gross DEI (as defined 
in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(14)) on the sale of Asset, which is not 
depreciable property, to B in Year 1 for $100. In Year 2, B sells 
Asset to X for $125 and recognizes $25 of gross income. The sale is 
a FDDEI sale (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(8)), and thus the 
$25 of income is included in B's gross FDDEI (as defined in Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(c)(15)) for Year 2.

[[Page 8230]]

    (2) Timing and attributes. S's $75 of intercompany income is 
taken into account in Year 2 under the matching rule to reflect the 
$75 difference between B's $25 corresponding item taken into account 
(based on B's $100 cost basis in Asset) and the recomputed 
corresponding item (based on the $25 basis that B would have if S 
and B were divisions of a single corporation and B's basis were 
determined by reference to S's basis). In determining whether S's 
gross income included in gross DEI from the sale of Asset is 
included in gross FDDEI, S and B are treated as divisions of a 
single corporation. See paragraph (a)(6) of this section. In 
determining the amount of income included in gross DEI that is 
included in gross FDDEI, the attributes of S's intercompany item and 
B's corresponding item may be redetermined to the extent necessary 
to produce the same effect on consolidated taxable income (and 
consolidated tax liability) as if S and B were divisions of a single 
corporation. See paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section. Applying 
section 250 and Sec.  1.1502-50 on a single entity basis, all $100 
of income included in gross DEI would be gross FDDEI. On a separate 
entity basis, S would have $75 of gross income included in gross DEI 
that is included in gross non-FDDEI (as defined in Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(16)) and B would have $25 of gross income included in gross DEI 
that is included in gross FDDEI. Thus, on a separate entity basis, S 
and B would have, in the aggregate, $100 of gross income included in 
gross DEI, of which only $25 is included gross FDDEI. Accordingly, 
under single entity treatment, $75 that would be treated as gross 
income included in gross DEI that is included in gross non-FDDEI on 
a separate entity basis is redetermined to be included in gross 
FDDEI.
    (3) Intercompany sale for loss. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (c)(7)(ii)(T)(1) (the facts in Example 20), except that S 
recognizes $25 of loss on the sale of Asset. S's $25 of intercompany 
loss is taken into account under the matching rule to reflect the 
$25 difference between B's $25 corresponding item taken into account 
(based on B's $100 cost basis in Asset) and the recomputed 
corresponding item (based on the $125 basis that B would have if S 
and B were divisions of a single corporation and B's basis were 
determined by reference to S's $125 of costs). Applying section 250 
and Sec.  1.1502-50 on a single entity basis, $0 of income would be 
included in gross DEI. In order to reflect this result, under the 
matching rule, S's $25 loss is allocated and apportioned solely to 
B's $25 of gross income from the sale of Asset for purposes of 
determining B's DEI and FDDEI. Furthermore, B's $25 of gross income 
is not taken into account for purposes of apportioning any other 
deductions under section 861 and the regulations under that section 
for purposes of determining any member's DEI or FDDEI.
* * * * *
0
Par. 6. Section 1.1502-50 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  1.1502-50  Consolidated section 250.

    (a) In general--(1) Scope. This section provides rules for applying 
section 250 and the regulations thereunder (the section 250 
regulations, see Sec. Sec.  1.250(a)-1 through 1.250(b)-6) to a member 
of a consolidated group (member). Paragraph (b) of this section 
provides rules for the determination of the amount of the deduction 
allowed to a member under section 250(a)(1). Paragraph (c) of this 
section provides rules governing the impact of intercompany 
transactions on the determination of a member's qualified business 
asset investment and the effect of intercompany transactions on the 
determination of a member's foreign-derived deduction eligible income. 
Paragraph (d) of this section provides rules governing basis 
adjustments to member stock resulting from the application of paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section. Paragraph (e) of this section provides 
definitions. Paragraph (f) of this section provides examples 
illustrating the rules of this section. Paragraph (g) of this section 
provides an applicability date.
    (2) Overview. The rules of this section ensure that the aggregate 
amount of deductions allowed under section 250 to members appropriately 
reflects the income, expenses, gains, losses, and property of all 
members. Paragraph (b) of this section allocates the consolidated 
group's overall deduction amount under section 250 to each member on 
the basis of its contribution to the consolidated foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income and consolidated global intangible low-taxed 
income. The definitions in paragraph (e) of this section provide for 
the aggregation of the deduction eligible income, foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income, deemed tangible income return, and global 
intangible low-taxed income of all members in order to calculate the 
consolidated group's overall deduction amount under section 250.
    (b) Allowance of deduction--(1) In general. A member is allowed a 
deduction for a consolidated return year under section 250. See Sec.  
1.250(a)-1(b). The amount of the deduction is equal to the sum of--
    (i) The product of the consolidated FDII deduction amount and the 
member's FDII deduction allocation ratio; and
    (ii) The product of the consolidated GILTI deduction amount and the 
member's GILTI deduction allocation ratio.
    (2) Consolidated taxable income limitation. For purposes of 
applying the limitation described in Sec.  1.250(a)-1(b)(2) to the 
determination of the consolidated FDII deduction amount and the 
consolidated GILTI deduction amount of a consolidated group for a 
consolidated return year--
    (i) The consolidated foreign-derived intangible income (if any) is 
reduced (but not below zero) by an amount which bears the same ratio to 
the consolidated section 250(a)(2) amount that such consolidated 
foreign-derived intangible income bears to the sum of the consolidated 
foreign-derived intangible income and the consolidated global 
intangible low-taxed income; and
    (ii) The consolidated global intangible low-taxed income (if any) 
is reduced (but not below zero) by the excess of the consolidated 
section 250(a)(2) amount over the reduction described in paragraph 
(b)(2)(i) of this section.
    (c) Impact of intercompany transactions--(1) Impact on qualified 
business asset investment determination. For purposes of determining a 
member's qualified business asset investment, the basis of specified 
tangible property does not include an amount equal to any gain or loss 
realized with respect to such property by another member in an 
intercompany transaction (as defined in Sec.  1.1502-13(b)(1)), whether 
or not such gain or loss is deferred. Thus, for example, if a selling 
member owns specified tangible property with an adjusted basis (within 
the meaning of section 1011) of $60x and an adjusted basis (for 
purposes of calculating qualified business asset investment) of $80x, 
and sells it for $50x to the purchasing member, the basis of such 
property for purposes of computing the purchasing member's qualified 
business asset investment is $80x.
    (2) Impact on foreign-derived deduction eligible income 
characterization. For purposes of redetermining attributes of members 
from an intercompany transaction as foreign-derived deduction eligible 
income, see Sec.  1.1502-13(c)(1)(i) and (c)(7)(ii)(T), Example 20.
    (d) Adjustments to the basis of a member. For adjustments to the 
basis of a member related to paragraph (b)(1) of this section, see 
Sec.  1.1502-32(b)(3)(ii)(B).
    (e) Definitions. The following definitions apply for purposes of 
this section.
    (1) Consolidated deduction eligible income. With respect to a 
consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated deduction eligible income means the greater of the sum of 
the deduction eligible income (whether positive or negative) of all 
members or zero.
    (2) Consolidated deemed intangible income. With respect to a 
consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated deemed intangible income means the excess (if any) of the 
consolidated deduction eligible income,

[[Page 8231]]

over the consolidated deemed tangible income return.
    (3) Consolidated deemed tangible income return. With respect to a 
consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated deemed tangible income return means the sum of the deemed 
tangible income return of all members.
    (4) Consolidated FDII deduction amount. With respect to a 
consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated FDII deduction amount means the product of the FDII 
deduction rate and the consolidated foreign-derived intangible income, 
as adjusted by paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (5) Consolidated foreign-derived deduction eligible income. With 
respect to a consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the 
term consolidated foreign-derived deduction eligible income means the 
greater of the sum of the foreign-derived deduction eligible income 
(whether positive or negative) of all members or zero.
    (6) Consolidated foreign-derived intangible income. With respect to 
a consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated foreign-derived intangible income means, except as 
provided in paragraph (e) of this section, the product of the 
consolidated deemed intangible income and the consolidated foreign-
derived ratio.
    (7) Consolidated foreign-derived ratio. With respect to a 
consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated foreign-derived ratio means the ratio (not to exceed one) 
of--
    (i) The consolidated foreign-derived deduction eligible income; to
    (ii) The consolidated deduction eligible income.
    (8) Consolidated GILTI deduction amount. With respect to a 
consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated GILTI deduction amount means the product of the GILTI 
deduction rate and the sum of the consolidated global intangible low-
taxed income, as adjusted by paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and the 
amounts treated as dividends received by the members under section 78 
which are attributable to their global intangible low-taxed income for 
the consolidated return year.
    (9) Consolidated global intangible low-taxed income. With respect 
to a consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated global intangible low-taxed income means the sum of the 
global intangible low-taxed income of all members.
    (10) Consolidated section 250(a)(2) amount. With respect to a 
consolidated group for a consolidated return year, the term 
consolidated section 250(a)(2) amount means the excess (if any) of the 
sum of the consolidated foreign-derived intangible income and the 
consolidated global intangible low-taxed income (determined without 
regard to section 250(a)(2) and paragraph (b)(2) of this section), over 
the consolidated taxable income of the consolidated group (within the 
meaning of Sec.  1.1502-11) determined with regard to all items of 
income, deductions, or loss, except for the deduction allowed under 
section 250 and this section. Therefore, for example, consolidated 
taxable income under this paragraph (f)(10) is determined taking into 
account the application of sections 163(j) and 172(a).
    (11) Deduction eligible income. With respect to a member for a 
consolidated return year, the term deduction eligible income means the 
member's gross DEI for the year (within the meaning of Sec.  1.250(b)-
1(c)(14)) reduced (including below zero) by the deductions properly 
allocable to gross DEI for the year (as determined under Sec.  
1.250(b)-1(d)(2)).
    (12) Deemed tangible income return. With respect to a member for a 
consolidated return year, the term deemed tangible income return means 
an amount equal to 10 percent of the member's qualified business asset 
investment, as adjusted by paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (13) FDII deduction allocation ratio. With respect to a member for 
a consolidated return year, the term FDII deduction allocation ratio 
means the ratio of--
    (i) The member's positive foreign-derived deduction eligible income 
(if any); to
    (ii) The sum of the positive foreign-derived deduction eligible 
income of all members.
    (14) FDII deduction rate. The term FDII deduction rate means 37.5 
percent for consolidated return years beginning before January 1, 2026, 
and 21.875 percent for consolidated return years beginning after 
December 31, 2025.
    (15) Foreign-derived deduction eligible income. With respect to a 
member for a consolidated return year, the term foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income means the member's gross FDDEI for the year 
(within the meaning of Sec.  1.250(b)-1(c)(15)) reduced (including 
below zero) by the deductions properly allocable to gross FDDEI for the 
year (as determined under Sec.  1.250(b)-1(d)(2)).
    (16) GILTI deduction allocation ratio. With respect to a member for 
a consolidated return year, the term GILTI deduction allocation ratio 
means the ratio of--
    (i) The sum of the member's global intangible low-taxed income and 
the amount treated as a dividend received by the member under section 
78 which is attributable to its global intangible low-taxed income for 
the consolidated return year; to
    (ii) The sum of consolidated global intangible low-taxed income and 
the amounts treated as dividends received by the members under section 
78 which are attributable to their global intangible low-taxed income 
for the consolidated return year.
    (17) GILTI deduction rate. The term GILTI deduction rate means 50 
percent for consolidated return years beginning before January 1, 2026, 
and 37.5 percent for consolidated return years beginning after December 
31, 2025.
    (18) Global intangible low-taxed income. With respect to a member 
for a consolidated return year, the term global intangible low-taxed 
income means the sum of the member's GILTI inclusion amount under Sec.  
1.1502-51(b) and the member's distributive share of any domestic 
partnership's GILTI inclusion amount under Sec.  1.951A-5(b)(2).
    (19) Qualified business asset investment. The term qualified 
business asset investment has the meaning provided in Sec.  1.250(b)-
2(b).
    (20) Specified tangible property. The term specified tangible 
property has the meaning provided in Sec.  1.250(b)-2(c)(1).
    (f) Examples. The following examples illustrate the rules of this 
section.
     (1)Example 1: Calculation of deduction attributable to foreign-
derived intangible income--(i) Facts. P is the common parent of the 
P group and owns all of the only class of stock of subsidiaries USS1 
and USS2. The consolidated return year of all persons is the 
calendar year. In 2018, P has deduction eligible income of $400x, 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income of $0, and qualified 
business asset investment of $0; USS1 has deduction eligible income 
of $200x, foreign-derived deduction eligible income of $200x, and 
qualified business asset investment of $600x; and USS2 has deduction 
eligible income of -$100x, foreign-derived deduction eligible income 
of $100x, and qualified business asset investment of $400x. The P 
group has consolidated taxable income that is sufficient to make 
inapplicable the limitation in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. No 
member of the P group has global intangible low-taxed income.
    (ii) Analysis. (A) Consolidated deduction eligible income. Under 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the P group's consolidated 
deduction eligible income is $500x, the greater of the sum of the 
deduction eligible income (whether positive or negative) of all 
members ($400x + $200x-$100x) or zero.
    (B) Consolidated foreign-derived deduction eligible income. 
Under paragraph (e)(5) of this section, the P group's consolidated 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income is

[[Page 8232]]

$300x, the greater of the sum of the foreign-derived deduction 
eligible income (whether positive or negative) of all members ($0 + 
$200x + $100x) or zero.
    (C) Consolidated deemed tangible income return. Under paragraph 
(e)(12) of this section, a member's deemed tangible income return is 
10% of its qualified business asset investment. Therefore, P's 
deemed tangible income return is $0 (0.10 x $0), USS1's deemed 
tangible income return is $60x (0.10 x $600x), and USS2's deemed 
tangible income return is $40x (0.10 x $400x). Under paragraph 
(e)(3) of this section, the P group's consolidated deemed tangible 
income return is $100x, the sum of the deemed tangible income return 
of all members ($0 + $60x + $40x).
    (D) Consolidated deemed intangible income. Under paragraph 
(e)(2) of this section, the P group's consolidated deemed intangible 
income is $400x, the excess of its consolidated deduction eligible 
income over its consolidated deemed tangible income return ($500x-
$100x).
    (E) Consolidated foreign-derived intangible income. Under 
paragraph (e)(7) of this section, the P group's consolidated 
foreign-derived ratio is 0.60, the ratio of its consolidated 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income to its consolidated 
deduction eligible income ($300x/$500x). Under paragraph (e)(6) of 
this section, the P group's consolidated foreign-derived intangible 
income is $240x, the product of its consolidated deemed intangible 
income and its consolidated foreign-derived ratio ($400x x 0.60).
    (F) Consolidated FDII deduction amount. Under paragraph (e)(4) 
of this section, the P group's consolidated FDII deduction amount is 
$90x, the product of the FDII deduction rate and the consolidated 
foreign-derived intangible income (0.375 x $240x).
    (G) Member's deduction attributable to consolidated FDII 
deduction amount. Under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, a member 
is allowed a deduction equal, in part, to the product of the 
consolidated FDII deduction amount of the consolidated group to 
which the member belongs and the member's FDII deduction allocation 
ratio. Under paragraph (e)(13) of this section, a member's FDII 
deduction allocation ratio is the ratio of its positive foreign-
derived deduction eligible income to the sum of each member's 
positive foreign-derived deduction eligible income for such 
consolidated return year. As a result, the FDII deduction allocation 
ratios of P, USS1, and USS2 are 0 ($0/$300x), \2/3\ ($200x/$300x), 
and 1/3 ($100x/$300x), respectively. Therefore, P, USS1, and USS2 
are permitted deductions under paragraph (b)(1) of this section in 
the amount of $0 (0 x $90x), $60x (2/3 x $90x), and $30x (1/3 x 
$90x), respectively.
     (2) Example 2: Limitation on consolidated foreign-derived 
deduction eligible income--(i) Facts. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (f)(1)(i) of this section (the facts in Example 1), except 
that P's foreign-derived deduction eligible income is $300x.
    (ii) Analysis. (A) Consolidated deduction eligible income and 
consolidated deemed tangible income return. As in paragraphs 
(f)(1)(ii)(A) and (C) of this section (the analysis in Example 1), 
the P group's consolidated deduction eligible income is $500x and 
the P group's consolidated deemed tangible income return is $100x.
    (B) Consolidated foreign-derived deduction eligible income. 
Under paragraph (e)(5) of this section, the P group's consolidated 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income is $600x, the greater of 
the sum of the foreign-derived deduction eligible income (whether 
positive or negative) of all members ($300x + $200x + $100x) or 
zero.
    (C) Consolidated deemed intangible income and consolidated 
foreign-derived intangible income. Under paragraph (e)(2) of this 
section, the P group's consolidated deemed intangible income is 
$400x ($500x-$100x). Under paragraph (e)(7) of this section, the P 
group's consolidated foreign-derived ratio is 1.00 ($600x/$500x, but 
not in excess of one). Under paragraph (e)(6) of this section, the P 
group's consolidated foreign-derived intangible income is $400x 
($400x x 1.00).
    (D) Consolidated FDII deduction amount and member's deduction 
attributable to consolidated FDII deduction amount. Under paragraph 
(e)(4) of this section, the P group's consolidated FDII deduction 
amount is $150x (0.375 x $400x). Under paragraph (e)(13) of this 
section, the FDII deduction allocation ratios of P, USS1, and USS2 
are 1/2 ($300/$600x), 1/3 ($200x/$600x), and 1/6 ($100x/$600x), 
respectively. Therefore, P, USS1, and USS2 are permitted deductions 
under paragraph (b)(1) of this section in the amounts of $75x (1/2 x 
$150x), $50x (1/3 x $150x), and $25x (1/6 x $150x), respectively.
     (3) Example 3: Member with negative foreign-derived deduction 
eligible income--(i) Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph 
(f)(1)(i) of this section (the facts in Example 1), except that P's 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income is -$100x.
    (ii) Analysis. (A) Consolidated deduction eligible income and 
consolidated deemed tangible income return. As in paragraphs 
(f)(1)(ii)(A) and (C) of this section (the facts in Example 1), the 
P group's consolidated deduction eligible income is $500x and the P 
group's consolidated deemed tangible income return is $100x.
    (B) Consolidated foreign-derived deduction eligible income. 
Under paragraph (e)(5) of this section, the P group's consolidated 
foreign-derived deduction eligible income is $200x, the greater of 
the sum of the foreign-derived deduction eligible income (whether 
positive or negative) of all members (-$100x + $200x + $100x) or 
zero.
    (C) Consolidated deemed intangible income and consolidated 
foreign-derived intangible income. Under paragraphs (e)(2) and (6) 
of this section, the P group's consolidated deemed intangible income 
is $400x ($500x-$100x), and the P group's consolidated foreign-
derived intangible income is $160x ($400x x ($200x/$500x)).
    (D) Consolidated FDII deduction amount and member's deduction 
attributable to consolidated FDII deduction amount. Under paragraph 
(e)(4) of this section, the P group's consolidated FDII deduction 
amount is $60x (0.375 x $160x). Under paragraph (e)(13) of this 
section, the FDII deduction allocation ratios of P, USS1, and USS2 
are 0 ($0/$300x), 2/3 ($200x/$300x), and 1/3 ($100x/$300x), 
respectively. Therefore, P, USS1, and USS2 are permitted deductions 
under paragraph (b)(1) of this section in the amounts of $0 (0 x 
$60x), $40x (2/3 x $60x), and $20x (1/3 x $60x), respectively.
     (4) Example 4: Calculation of deduction attributable to global 
intangible low-taxed income--(i) Facts. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (f)(1)(i) of this section (the facts in Example 1), except 
that USS1 owns CFC1 and USS2 owns CFC2. USS1 and USS2 have global 
intangible low-taxed income of $65x and $20x, respectively, and 
amounts treated as dividends received under section 78 attributable 
to their global intangible low-taxed income of $10x and $5x, 
respectively.
    (ii) Analysis. (A) Consolidated global intangible low-taxed 
income. Under paragraph (e)(9) of this section, the P group's 
consolidated global intangible low-taxed income is $85x, the sum of 
the global intangible low-taxed income of all members ($0 + $65x + 
$20x).
    (B) Consolidated GILTI deduction amount. Under paragraph (e)(8) 
of this section, the P group's consolidated GILTI deduction amount 
is $50x, the product of the GILTI deduction rate and the sum of its 
consolidated global intangible low-taxed income and the amounts 
treated as dividends received by the members under section 78 which 
are attributable to their global intangible low-taxed income for the 
consolidated return year (0.50 x ($85x + $10x + $5x)).
    (C) Member's deduction attributable to consolidated GILTI 
deduction amount. Under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, a member 
is allowed a deduction equal, in part, to the product of the 
consolidated GILTI deduction amount of the consolidated group to 
which the member belongs and the member's GILTI deduction allocation 
ratio. Under paragraph (e)(16) of this section, a member's GILTI 
deduction allocation ratio is the ratio of the sum of its global 
intangible low-taxed income and the amount treated as a dividend 
received by the member under section 78 which is attributable to its 
global intangible low-taxed income for the consolidated return year 
to the sum of the consolidated global intangible low-taxed income 
and the amounts treated as dividends received by the members under 
section 78 which are attributable to their global intangible low-
taxed income for the consolidated return year. As a result, the 
GILTI deduction allocation ratios of P, USS1, and USS2 are 0 ($0/
($85x + $10x + $5x)), 3/4 (($65x + $10x)/($85x + $10x + $5x)), and 
1/4 (($20x + $5x)/($85x + $10x + $5x)), respectively. Therefore, P, 
USS1, and USS2 are permitted deductions of $0 (0 x $50x), $37.50x 
(3/4 x $50x), and $12.50x (1/4 x $50x), respectively.
    (D) Member's deduction under section 250. Under paragraph (b)(1) 
of this section, a member is allowed a deduction equal to the sum of 
the member's deduction attributable to the consolidated FDII 
deduction amount and the member's deduction attributable to the 
consolidated GILTI deduction amount. As a result P, USS1, and USS2 
are entitled to deductions under paragraph (b)(1) of this section of 
$0 ($0 + $0), $97.50x ($60x + $37.50x), and $42.50x ($30x + 
$12.50x), respectively.

[[Page 8233]]

     (5) Example 5: Taxable income limitation--(i) Facts. The facts 
are the same as in paragraph (f)(4)(i) of this section (the facts in 
Example 4), except that the P group's consolidated taxable income 
(within the meaning of paragraph (e)(10) of this section) is $300x.
    (ii) Analysis. (A) Determination of whether the limitation 
described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section applies. Under 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, in the case of a consolidated 
group with a consolidated section 250(a)(2) amount for a 
consolidated year, the amount of the consolidated foreign-derived 
intangible income and the consolidated global intangible low-taxed 
income otherwise taken into account in the determination of the 
consolidated FDII deduction amount and the consolidated GILTI 
deduction amount are subject to reduction. As in paragraph 
(f)(1)(ii)(E) of this section (the facts in Example 1), the P 
group's consolidated foreign-derived intangible income is $240x. As 
in paragraph (f)(4)(ii)(A) of this section (the analysis in Example 
4), the P group's consolidated global intangible low-taxed income is 
$85x. The P group's consolidated taxable income is $300x. Under 
paragraph (e)(10) of this section, the P group's consolidated 
section 250(a)(2) amount is $25x (($240x + $85x)-$300x), the excess 
of the sum of the consolidated foreign-derived intangible income and 
the consolidated global intangible low-taxed income, over the P 
group's consolidated taxable income. Therefore, the limitation 
described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section applies.
    (B) Allocation of reduction. Under paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this 
section, the P group's consolidated foreign-derived intangible 
income is reduced by an amount which bears the same ratio to the 
consolidated section 250(a)(2) amount as the consolidated foreign-
derived intangible income bears to the sum of the consolidated 
foreign-derived intangible income and consolidated global intangible 
low-taxed income, and the P group's consolidated global intangible 
low-taxed income is reduced by the excess of the consolidated 
section 250(a)(2) amount over the reduction described in paragraph 
(b)(2)(i) of this section. Therefore, for purposes of determining 
the P group's consolidated FDII deduction amount and consolidated 
GILTI deduction amount, its consolidated foreign-derived intangible 
income is reduced to $221.54x ($240x - ($25x x ($240x/$325x))) and 
its consolidated global intangible low-taxed income is reduced to 
$78.46x ($85x - ($25x - ($25x x ($240x/$325x)))).
    (C) Calculation of consolidated FDII deduction amount and 
consolidated GILTI deduction amount. Under paragraph (e)(4) of this 
section, the P group's consolidated FDII deduction amount is $83.08x 
($221.54x x 0.375). Under paragraph (e)(8) of this section, the P 
group's consolidated GILTI deduction amount is $39.23x ($78.46x x 
0.50).
    (D) Member's deduction attributable to the consolidated FDII 
deduction amount. As in paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(G) of this section (the 
analysis in Example 1), the FDII deduction allocation ratios of P, 
USS1, and USS2 are 0, 2/3, and 1/3, respectively. Therefore, P, 
USS1, and USS2 are permitted deductions attributable to the 
consolidated FDII deduction amount of $0 (0 x $83.08x), $55.39x (2/3 
x $83.08x), and $27.69x (1/3 x $83.08x), respectively.
    (E) Member's deduction attributable to the consolidated GILTI 
deduction amount. As in paragraph (f)(4)(ii)(C) of this section (the 
analysis in Example 4), the GILTI deduction allocation ratios of P, 
USS1, and USS2 are 0, 3/4, and 1/4, respectively. Therefore, P, 
USS1, and USS2 are permitted deductions attributable to the 
consolidated GILTI deduction amount of $0 (0 x $39.23x), $29.42x (3/
4 x $39.23x), and $9.81x (1/4 x $39.23x), respectively.
    (F) Member's deduction pursuant section 250. Under paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section, a member is allowed a deduction equal to the 
sum of the member's deduction attributable to consolidated FDII 
deduction amount and the member's deduction attributable to 
consolidated GILTI deduction amount. As a result P, USS1, and USS2 
are entitled to deductions under paragraph (b)(1) of this section of 
$0 ($0 + $0), $84.81x ($55.39x + $29.42x), and $37.50x ($27.69x + 
$9.81x), respectively.

    (g) Applicability date. This section applies to consolidated return 
years ending on or after the date of publication of the Treasury 
decision adopting these rules as final regulations in the Federal 
Register.
0
Par. 7. Section 1.6038-2, as proposed to be amended at 83 FR 67612 
(Dec. 28, 2018), is further amended by adding paragraph (f)(15) and a 
sentence at the end of paragraph (m) to read as follows:


Sec.  1.6038-2   Information returns required of United States persons 
with respect to annual accounting periods of certain foreign 
corporations beginning after December 31, 1962.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (15) Information reporting under section 250. If the person 
required to file Form 5471 (or any successor form) claims a deduction 
under section 250(a) that is determined, in whole or part, by reference 
to its foreign-derived intangible income, and any amount required to be 
reported under paragraph (f)(11) of this section is included in its 
computation of foreign-derived deduction eligible income, such person 
will provide on Form 5471 (or any successor form) such information that 
is prescribed by the form, instructions, publication, or other 
guidance.
* * * * *
    (m) * * * Paragraph (f)(15) of this section applies with respect to 
information for annual accounting periods beginning on or after March 
4, 2019.
0
Par. 8. Section 1.6038-3, as proposed to be amended at 83 FR 67612 
(Dec. 28, 2018), is further amended by adding paragraph (g)(4) and a 
sentence to the end of paragraph (l) to read as follows:


Sec.  1.6038-3   Information returns required of certain United States 
persons with respect to controlled foreign partnerships (CFPs).

* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (4) Additional information required to be submitted by a 
controlling ten-percent or a controlling fifty-percent partner that has 
a deduction under section 250 by reason of FDII. In addition to the 
information required pursuant to paragraphs (g)(1), (2), and (3) of 
this section, if, with respect to the partnership's tax year for which 
the Form 8865 is being filed, a controlling ten-percent partner or a 
controlling fifty-percent partner has a deduction under section 250 (by 
reason of having foreign-derived intangible income), determined, in 
whole or in part, by reference to the income, assets, or activities of 
the partnership, or transactions between the controlling-ten percent 
partner or controlling fifty-percent partner and the partnership, the 
controlling ten-percent partner or controlling fifty-percent partner 
must provide its share of the partnership's gross DEI, gross FDDEI, 
deductions that are definitely related to the partnership's gross DEI 
and gross FDDEI, and partnership QBAI (as those terms are defined in 
the section 250 regulations) in the form and manner and to the extent 
prescribed by Form 8865 (or any successor form), instruction, 
publication, or other guidance.
* * * * *
    (l) * * * Paragraph (g)(4) of this section applies for tax years of 
a foreign partnership beginning on or after March 4, 2019.
0
Par. 9. Section 1.6038A-2, as proposed to be amended at 83 FR 67612 
(Dec. 28, 2018), is further amended by adding paragraph (b)(5)(iv) and 
a sentence at the end of paragraph (g) to read as follows:


Sec.  1.6038A-2   Requirements of return.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) * * *
    (iv) Information reporting under section 250. If, for the taxable 
year, the reporting corporation has a deduction under section 250 (by 
reason of having foreign-derived intangible income) with respect to any 
amount required to be reported under paragraph (b)(3) or (4) of this 
section, the reporting corporation will provide on Form 5472 (or any 
successor form) such information about the deduction in the form and 
manner and to the extent prescribed by Form 5472 (or any successor 
form),

[[Page 8234]]

instruction, publication, or other guidance.
* * * * *
    (g) * * * Paragraph (b)(5)(iv) of this section applies with respect 
to information for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 
March 4, 2019.

Kirsten Wielobob,
Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement.
[FR Doc. 2019-03848 Filed 3-4-19; 4:15 pm]
 BILLING CODE 4830-01-P