[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 41 (Friday, March 1, 2019)]
[Notices]
[Pages 7119-7121]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-03568]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[NPS-WASO-NAGPRA-NPS0027261; PPWOCRADN0-PCU00RP14.R50000]
Notice of Inventory Completion: Arizona State Museum, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
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SUMMARY: The Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona (ASM) has
completed an inventory of human remains, in consultation with the
appropriate Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations, and has
determined that there is a cultural affiliation between the human
remains and present-day Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations.
Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or Native
Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice
[[Page 7120]]
that wish to request transfer of control of these human remains should
submit a written request to the ASM. If no additional requestors come
forward, transfer of control of the human remains to the lineal
descendants, Indian Tribes, or Native Hawaiian organizations stated in
this notice may proceed.
DATES: Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian Tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to
request transfer of control of these human remains should submit a
written request with information in support of the request to the ASM
at the address in this notice by April 1, 2019.
ADDRESSES: John McClelland, NAGPRA Coordinator, P.O. Box 210026,
Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721,
telephone (520) 626-2950.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25
U.S.C. 3003, of the completion of an inventory of human remains under
the control of the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson,
AZ. The human remains and associated funerary objects were removed from
Pima County, AZ.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native
American human remains. The National Park Service is not responsible
for the determinations in this notice.
Consultation
A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by the ASM
professional staff in consultation with representatives of the Ak-Chin
Indian Community (previously listed as the Ak Chin Indian Community of
the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona); Cocopah Tribe of
Arizona; Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian
Reservation, Arizona; Hopi Tribe of Arizona; Pascua Yaqui Tribe of
Arizona; Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California
& Arizona; Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River
Reservation, Arizona; Tohono O'odham Nation of Arizona; and the Zuni
Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico (hereafter referred to as
``The Consulted Tribes'').
History and Description of the Remains
In 1981, human remains representing, at minimum, one individual
were removed from an unrecorded location, AZ Y:2:0, located in Yuma
County, AZ, during a legally authorized survey of Arizona State Trust
lands conducted by the ASM under the direction of Richard Lange. The
survey was conducted in advance of a proposed agricultural lease. The
designation AZ Y:2:0 was used to refer to isolated artifacts collected
outside the boundaries of recorded archeological sites within the
survey area. No human burials were reported at the time of the survey.
Collections from this survey were received by ASM in 1981, and were
assigned an accession number in 1995. In 2010, museum staff discovered
these human remains in the site survey collections. No known
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects are
present.
Recorded sites in the vicinity of these human remains were reported
to contain a mixture of Yuman and Hohokam material culture including,
but not limited to, Colorado Buff Ware ceramics. The condition of the
human remains is consistent with Yuman and Hohokam mortuary practices.
Archeologists describe the earliest settlements in Southern Arizona as
belonging to the Late Archaic/Early Agricultural horizon. Recent
archeological investigations have added support to the hypothesis that
the Hohokam cultural tradition arose from this earlier horizon, based
on continuities in settlement pattern, architectural technologies,
irrigation technologies, subsistence patterns, and material culture. It
has been difficult for archeologists to date the beginning of the
Hohokam period because the appearance of its distinctive cultural
traits, such as ceramic technologies and mortuary patterns, was a
gradual process spanning several hundred years. This gradualism adds
further support to the hypothesis that the Hohokam tradition evolved in
place from earlier Late Archaic traditions. Linguistic evidence
furthermore suggests that the Hohokam tradition was multiethnic in
nature. Cultural continuity between these prehistoric occupants of
Southern Arizona and present-day O'odham peoples is supported by
continuities in settlement pattern, architectural technologies,
basketry, textiles, ceramic technology, and ritual practices. Oral
traditions that are documented for the Ak-Chin Indian Community
(previously listed as the Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak
Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona); Gila River Indian Community of the
Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona; Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian
Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona; and the Tohono
O'odham Nation of Arizona support cultural affiliation with Late
Archaic/Early Agricultural period and Hohokam sites in southern
Arizona. Oral traditions that are documented for the Hopi Tribe also
support cultural affiliation with Late Archaic/Early Agricultural
period and Hohokam sites in the region. Several Hopi clans and
religious societies are derived from ancestors who migrated from the
south, and likely identified with the Hohokam tradition. Oral
traditions of medicine societies and kiva groups of the Zuni Tribe
recount migration from distant portions of the Southwest to present day
Zuni and supports affiliation with Hohokam and Late Archaic traditions.
Historical linguistic analysis also suggests interaction between
ancestral Zuni and UtoAztecan speakers during the late Hohokam period.
Archeological studies suggest that Yuman groups have resided along the
Lower Colorado River and the Lower Gila River in Southern Arizona for
at least 1,000 years. Their presence in these areas is documented
historically by Spanish explorers who, in the 1600s and 1700s,
encountered people living in widely scattered rancherias around the
Lower Colorado River and the Lower Gila River. Several lines of
archeological evidence including similarities in material culture,
settlement patterns, ceremonial sites and practices, residential
architecture, and subsistence patterns suggest that the Yuman cultural
traditions arose from an earlier, archeological tradition typically
referred to as Patayan. Evidence of early Patayan occupation in the
Lower Colorado River is poorly preserved largely due to the inundation
of large areas by the Lake Mohave and Lake Havasu reservoirs, and the
intensive agricultural practices of surrounding valleys. However,
permanent settlements dating to around 1500 are documented in the
Mohave Valley, as well as contemporaneous geoglyphs and trail networks
linking ceremonial, occupational, and resource exploitation areas. In
the Lower Gila River area, evidence of Patayan occupation prior to the
introduction of ceramics is poorly documented due to the ephemeral
nature of such early sites. However, following the introduction of
ceramics around A.D. 700, settlements in the area became more
permanent. Archeological evidence for these more permanent settlements
include sites with pit houses and roasting or fire pits, and artifact
assemblages containing similar ceramic sherds, chipped stone, and
ground stone. Although there is evidence of some co-residence between
[[Page 7121]]
Patayan and Hohokam groups, especially in the vicinity of Gila Bend,
Patayan groups share distinct cultural practices. These practices
include settlement and subsistence patterns characterized by semi-
permanent or permanent farming rancherias scattered across the
floodplain of the Lower Gila River and the Lower Colorado River that
are typically comprised of two to seven pit houses. Produce from these
farms was augmented by seasonal gathering of resources from temporary
camps along the river tributaries, as well as adjacent deserts and
mountains. Large ceremonial sites served as gathering places for
multiple families, are characterized by shrines, petroglyphs, earth
figures, intaglios, dance pathways, and rock alignments located on
desert terraces adjacent to the floodplains. All Patayan groups and
their descendants practice cremation. Given the relative lack of
archeological evidence on Patayan groups, archeologists have had
difficulty establishing a relationship between prehispanic Patayan
groups and specific historic Yuman tribes. However, archeologists have
found the Patayan to be culturally affiliated with the Fort Mojave
Tribe, Colorado River Indian Tribes, Cocopah Tribe, and Fort Yuma-
Quechan Tribe. Modern Yuman groups in Southern Arizona, including the
Fort Mojave Tribe, Colorado River Indian Tribes, Cocopah Tribe, and the
Fort-Yuma Quechan Tribe, share oral traditions which trace their
origins to the time of creation at Spirit Mountain (Avikwaame).
According to this oral tradition, the Creator led the seven original
Yuman groups to their various ancestral homelands, naming certain
geographical markers along the way. Cultural informants cited place
names from their oral traditions--settlements, geographic features, and
significant locations--that correlate to geographical areas of
occupation defined by archeological material culture. These oral
traditions suggest cultural continuity between modern Yuman groups and
the earlier archeological Patayan culture.
Determinations Made by the Arizona State Museum
Officials of the Arizona State Museum have determined that:
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described
in this notice represent the physical remains of one individual of
Native American ancestry.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a relationship of
shared group identity that can be reasonably traced between the Native
American human remains and the Ak-Chin Indian Community (previously
listed as the Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian
Reservation, Arizona); Cocopah Tribe of Arizona; Colorado River Indian
Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and
California; Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada;
Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation,
Arizona; Hopi Tribe of Arizona; Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian
Reservation, California & Arizona; Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian
Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona; Tohono O'odham Nation
of Arizona; and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico
(hereafter referred to as ``The Affiliated Tribes'').
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native
Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to
request transfer of control of these human should submit a written
request with information in support of the request to John McClelland,
NAGPRA Coordinator, P.O. Box 210026, Arizona State Museum, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, telephone (520) 626-2950, by April 1,
2019. After that date, if no additional requestors have come forward,
transfer of control of the human remains to The Affiliated Tribes may
proceed.
The Arizona State Museum is responsible for notifying The Consulted
Tribes and The Affiliated Tribes that this notice has been published.
Dated: February 1, 2019.
Melanie O'Brien,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2019-03568 Filed 2-28-19; 8:45 am]
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