[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 36 (Friday, February 22, 2019)]
[Notices]
[Pages 5798-5802]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-03037]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-85163; File No. SR-PEARL-2019-01]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; MIAX PEARL, LLC; Notice of Filing 
and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend Its 
Options Regulatory Fee

February 15, 2019.
    Pursuant to the provisions of Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice 
is hereby given that on February 1, 2019, MIAX PEARL, LLC (``MIAX 
PEARL'' or ``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission (``Commission'') a proposed rule change as described in 
Items I, II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by the 
Exchange. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments 
on the proposed rule change from interested persons.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
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I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance 
of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange is filing a proposal to amend the MIAX PEARL Fee 
Schedule (the ``Fee Schedule'') to amend its Options Regulatory Fee 
(``ORF'').
    The text of the proposed rule change is available on the Exchange's 
website at http://www.miaxoptions.com/rule-filings/pearl at MIAX 
PEARL's principal office, and at the Commission's Public Reference 
Room.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the Exchange included statements 
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and 
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The 
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in 
Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared summaries, set forth in 
sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such 
statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and the 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    Currently, the Exchange charges an ORF in the amount of $0.0010 per

[[Page 5799]]

contract side. The Exchange proposes to increase this ORF to $0.0028 
per contract side. In light of historical and projected volume changes 
and shifts in the industry and on the Exchange, as well as changes to 
the Exchange's regulatory cost structure, the Exchange is proposing to 
change the amount of ORF that will be collected by the Exchange. The 
Exchange's proposed change to the ORF should balance the Exchange's 
regulatory revenue against the anticipated regulatory costs.
    The per-contract ORF will continue to be assessed by MIAX PEARL to 
each MIAX PEARL Member for all options transactions, including Mini 
Options, cleared or ultimately cleared by the Member which are cleared 
by the Options Clearing Corporation (``OCC'') in the ``customer'' 
range, regardless of the exchange on which the transaction occurs. The 
ORF will be collected by OCC on behalf of MIAX PEARL from either (1) a 
Member that was the ultimate clearing firm for the transaction or (2) a 
non-Member that was the ultimate clearing firm where a Member was the 
executing clearing firm for the transaction. The Exchange uses reports 
from OCC to determine the identity of the executing clearing firm and 
ultimate clearing firm.
    To illustrate how the ORF is assessed and collected, the Exchange 
provides the following set of examples. If the transaction is executed 
on the Exchange and the ORF is assessed, if there is no change to the 
clearing account of the original transaction, then the ORF is collected 
from the Member that is the executing clearing firm for the 
transaction. (The Exchange notes that, for purposes of the Fee 
Schedule, when there is no change to the clearing account of the 
original transaction, the executing clearing firm is deemed to be the 
ultimate clearing firm.) If there is a change to the clearing account 
of the original transaction (i.e., the executing clearing firm ``gives-
up'' or ``CMTAs'' the transaction to another clearing firm), then the 
ORF is collected from the clearing firm that ultimately clears the 
transaction--the ultimate clearing firm. The ultimate clearing firm may 
be either a Member or non-Member of the Exchange. If the transaction is 
executed on an away exchange and the ORF is assessed, then the ORF is 
collected from the ultimate clearing firm for the transaction. Again, 
the ultimate clearing firm may be either a Member or non-Member of the 
Exchange. The Exchange notes, however, that when the transaction is 
executed on an away exchange, the Exchange does not assess the ORF when 
neither the executing clearing firm nor the ultimate clearing firm is a 
Member (even if a Member is ``given-up'' or ``CMTAed'' and then such 
Member subsequently ``gives-up'' or ``CMTAs'' the transaction to 
another non-Member via a CMTA reversal). Finally, the Exchange will not 
assess the ORF on outbound linkage trades, whether executed at the 
Exchange or an away exchange. ``Linkage trades'' are tagged in the 
Exchange's system, so the Exchange can readily tell them apart from 
other trades. A customer order routed to another exchange results in 
two customer trades, one from the originating exchange and one from the 
recipient exchange. Charging ORF on both trades could result in double-
billing of ORF for a single customer order, thus the Exchange will not 
assess ORF on outbound linkage trades in a linkage scenario. This 
assessment practice is identical to the assessment practice currently 
utilized by the Exchange's affiliate, Miami International Securities 
Exchange, LLC (``MIAX Options'').\3\
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    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 81063 (June 30, 
2017), 82 FR 31668 (July 7, 2017) (SR-MIAX-2017-31).
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    As a practical matter, when a transaction that is subject to the 
ORF is not executed on the Exchange, the Exchange lacks the information 
necessary to identify the order entering member for that transaction. 
There are countless order entering market participants, and each day 
such participants can and often do drop their connection to one market 
center and establish themselves as participants on another. For these 
reasons, it is not possible for the Exchange to identify, and thus 
assess fees such as an ORF, on order entering participants on away 
markets on a given trading day. Clearing members, however, are 
distinguished from order entering participants because they remain 
identified to the Exchange on information the Exchange receives from 
OCC regardless of the identity of the order entering participant, their 
location, and the market center on which they execute transactions. 
Therefore, the Exchange believes it is more efficient for the operation 
of the Exchange and for the marketplace as a whole to collect the ORF 
from clearing members.
    The Exchange monitors the amount of revenue collected from the ORF 
to ensure that it, in combination with other regulatory fees and fines, 
does not exceed regulatory costs. In determining whether an expense is 
considered a regulatory cost, the Exchange reviews all costs and makes 
determinations if there is a nexus between the expense and a regulatory 
function. The Exchange notes that fines collected by the Exchange in 
connection with a disciplinary matter offset ORF.
    As discussed below, the Exchange believes it is appropriate to 
charge the ORF only to transactions that clear as customer at the OCC. 
The Exchange believes that its broad regulatory responsibilities with 
respect to a Member's activities supports applying the ORF to 
transactions cleared but not executed by a Member. The Exchange's 
regulatory responsibilities are the same regardless of whether a Member 
enters a transaction or clears a transaction executed on its behalf. 
The Exchange regularly reviews all such activities, including 
performing surveillance for position limit violations, manipulation, 
front-running, contrary exercise advice violations and insider trading. 
These activities span across multiple exchanges.
    The ORF is designed to recover a material portion of the costs to 
the Exchange of the supervision and regulation of Members' customer 
options business, including performing routine surveillances and 
investigations, as well as policy, rulemaking, interpretive and 
enforcement activities. The Exchange believes that revenue generated 
from the ORF, when combined with all of the Exchange's other regulatory 
fees and fines, will cover a material portion, but not all, of the 
Exchange's regulatory costs. The Exchange notes that its regulatory 
responsibilities with respect to Member compliance with options sales 
practice rules have been allocated to the Financial Industry Regulatory 
Authority (``FINRA'') under a 17d-2 Agreement. The ORF is not designed 
to cover the cost of options sales practice regulation.
    The Exchange will continue to monitor the amount of revenue 
collected from the ORF to ensure that it, in combination with its other 
regulatory fees and fines, does not exceed the Exchange's total 
regulatory costs. The Exchange will continue to monitor MIAX PEARL 
regulatory costs and revenues at a minimum on a semi-annual basis. If 
the Exchange determines regulatory revenues exceed or are insufficient 
to cover a material portion of its regulatory costs, the Exchange will 
adjust the ORF by submitting a fee change filing to the Commission. The 
Exchange will notify Members of adjustments to the ORF via regulatory 
circular at least 30 days prior to the effective date of the change.
    The Exchange believes it is reasonable and appropriate for the 
Exchange to charge the ORF for options transactions regardless of the 
exchange on which the transactions occur. The Exchange has a

[[Page 5800]]

statutory obligation to enforce compliance by Members and their 
associated persons under the Act and the rules of the Exchange and to 
surveil for other manipulative conduct by market participants 
(including non-Members) trading on the Exchange. The Exchange cannot 
effectively surveil for such conduct without looking at and evaluating 
activity across all options markets. Many of the Exchange's market 
surveillance programs require the Exchange to look at and evaluate 
activity across all options markets, such as surveillance for position 
limit violations, manipulation, front-running and contrary exercise 
advice violations/expiring exercise declarations. While much of this 
activity relates to the execution of orders, the ORF is assessed on and 
collected from clearing firms. The Exchange, because it lacks access to 
information on the identity of the entering firm for executions that 
occur on away markets, believes it is appropriate to assess the ORF on 
its Members' clearing activity, based on information the Exchange 
receives from OCC, including for away market activity. Among other 
reasons, doing so better and more accurately captures activity that 
occurs away from the Exchange over which the Exchange has a degree of 
regulatory responsibility. In so doing, the Exchange believes that 
assessing ORF on Member clearing firms equitably distributes the 
collection of ORF in a fair and reasonable manner. Also, the Exchange 
and the other options exchanges are required to populate a consolidated 
options audit trail (``COATS'') \4\ system in order to surveil a 
Member's activities across markets.
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    \4\ COATS effectively enhances intermarket options surveillance 
by enabling the options exchanges to reconstruct the market promptly 
to effectively surveil certain rules.
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    In addition to its own surveillance programs, the Exchange works 
with other SROs and exchanges on intermarket surveillance related 
issues. Through its participation in the Intermarket Surveillance Group 
(``ISG''),\5\ the Exchange shares information and coordinates inquiries 
and investigations with other exchanges designed to address potential 
intermarket manipulation and trading abuses. The Exchange's 
participation in ISG helps it to satisfy the requirement that it has 
coordinated surveillance with markets on which security futures are 
traded and markets on which any security underlying security futures 
are traded to detect manipulation and insider trading.\6\
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    \5\ ISG is an industry organization formed in 1983 to coordinate 
intermarket surveillance among the SROs by co-operatively sharing 
regulatory information pursuant to a written agreement between the 
parties. The goal of the ISG's information sharing is to coordinate 
regulatory efforts to address potential intermarket trading abuses 
and manipulations.
    \6\ See Section 6(h)(3)(I) of the Act.
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    The Exchange believes that charging the ORF across markets avoids 
having Members direct their trades to other markets in order to avoid 
the fee and to thereby avoid paying for their fair share for 
regulation. If the ORF did not apply to activity across markets then a 
Member would send their orders to the least cost, least regulated 
exchange. Other exchanges do impose a similar fee on their members' 
activity,\7\ including the activity of those members on MIAX PEARL and 
MIAX Options.\8\
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    \7\ Similar regulatory fees have been instituted by Nasdaq PHLX 
LLC (``Phlx'') (See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 61133 
(December 9, 2009), 74 FR 66715 (December 16, 2009) (SR-Phlx-2009-
100)); Nasdaq ISE, LLC (``ISE'') (See Securities Exchange Act 
Release No. 61154 (December 11, 2009), 74 FR 67278 (December 18, 
2009) (SR-ISE-2009-105)); and Nasdaq GEMX, LLC (``GEMX'') (See 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 70200 (August 14, 2013) 78 FR 
51242 (August 20, 2013) (SR-Topaz-2013-01)).
    \8\ See supra note 3.
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    The Exchange notes that there is established precedent for an SRO 
charging a fee across markets, namely, FINRAs Trading Activity Fee \9\ 
and the NYSE American LLC (``NYSE American''), NYSE Arca, Inc. (``NYSE 
Arca''), Cboe Exchange, Inc. (``CBOE''), Nasdaq PHLX LLC (``Phlx''), 
Nasdaq ISE, LLC (``ISE''), Nasdaq GEMX, LLC (``GEMX'') and BOX Exchange 
LLC (``BOX'') ORF. While the Exchange does not have all the same 
regulatory responsibilities as FINRA, the Exchange believes that, like 
other exchanges that have adopted an ORF, its broad regulatory 
responsibilities with respect to a Member's activities, irrespective of 
where their transactions take place, supports a regulatory fee 
applicable to transactions on other markets. Unlike FINRA's Trading 
Activity Fee, the ORF applies only to a Member's customer options 
transactions.
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    \9\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 47946 (May 30, 
2003), 68 FR 34021 (June 6, 2003) (SR-NASD-2002-148).
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    Additionally, the Exchange specifies in the Fee Schedule that the 
Exchange may only increase or decrease the ORF semi-annually, and any 
such fee change will be effective on the first business day of February 
or August. In addition to submitting a proposed rule change to the 
Commission as required by the Act to increase or decrease the ORF, the 
Exchange will notify participants via a Regulatory Circular of any 
anticipated change in the amount of the fee at least 30 calendar days 
prior to the effective date of the change. The Exchange believes that 
by providing guidance on the timing of any changes to the ORF, the 
Exchange would make it easier for participants to ensure their systems 
are configured to properly account for the ORF.
    The Exchange is proposing to increase the ORF from $0.0010 to 
$0.0028, as of February 1, 2019. In light of recent market volumes on 
the Exchange and changes to the Exchange's regulatory costs, the 
Exchange is proposing to increase the amount of ORF that will be 
collected by the Exchange. As noted above, the Exchange regularly 
reviews its ORF to ensure that the ORF, in combination with its other 
regulatory fees and fines, does not exceed regulatory costs. The 
Exchange believes this adjustment will permit the Exchange to cover a 
material portion of its regulatory costs, while not exceeding 
regulatory costs.
    The Exchange notified Members via a Regulatory Circular of the 
proposed change to the ORF at least thirty (30) calendar days prior to 
the proposed operative date, on December 31, 2018.\10\ The Exchange 
believes that the prior notification to market participants will ensure 
market participants are prepared to configure their systems to properly 
account for the ORF.
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    \10\ See MIAX PEARL Regulatory Circular 2018-55 available at 
https://www.miaxoptions.com/sites/default/files/circular-files/MIAX_PEARL_RC_2018_55.pdf.
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2. Statutory Basis
    The Exchange believes that its proposal to amend its Fee Schedule 
is consistent with Section 6(b) of the Act \11\ in general, and 
furthers the objectives of Section 6(b)(4) of the Act \12\ in 
particular, in that it is an equitable allocation of reasonable dues, 
fees, and other charges among its members and issuers and other persons 
using its facilities. The Exchange also believes the proposal furthers 
the objectives of Section 6(b)(5) of the Act \13\ in that it is 
designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
a national market system, and, in general to protect investors and the 
public interest and is not designed to permit unfair discrimination 
between customers, issuers, brokers and dealers.
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    \11\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \12\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4).
    \13\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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    The Exchange believes that increasing the ORF from $0.0010 to 
$0.0028, as of February 1, 2019 is reasonable because the Exchange's 
collection of ORF needs to be balanced against the amount of

[[Page 5801]]

regulatory costs incurred by the Exchange. The Exchange believes that 
the proposed adjustments noted herein will serve to balance the 
Exchange's regulatory revenue against the anticipated regulatory costs.
    The Exchange believes that amending the ORF from $0.0010 to 
$0.0028, as of February 1, 2019 is equitable and not unfairly 
discriminatory because it is objectively allocated to Members in that 
it is charged to all Members on all their transactions that clear as 
customer at the OCC. Moreover, the Exchange believes the ORF ensures 
fairness by assessing fees to those Members that are directly based on 
the amount of customer options business they conduct. Regulating 
customer trading activity is much more labor intensive and requires 
greater expenditure of human and technical resources than regulating 
non-customer trading activity, which tends to be more automated and 
less labor-intensive. As a result, the costs associated with 
administering the customer component of the Exchange's overall 
regulatory program are materially higher than the costs associated with 
administering the non-customer component (e.g., Member proprietary 
transactions) of its regulatory program.
    The ORF is designed to recover a material portion of the costs of 
supervising and regulating Members' customer options business including 
performing routine surveillances and investigations, as well as policy, 
rulemaking, interpretive and enforcement activities. The Exchange will 
monitor the amount of revenue collected from the ORF to ensure that it, 
in combination with its other regulatory fees and fines, does not 
exceed the Exchange's total regulatory costs. The Exchange has designed 
the ORF to generate revenues that, when combined with all of the 
Exchange's other regulatory fees, will be less than or equal to the 
Exchange's regulatory costs, which is consistent with the Commission's 
view that regulatory fees be used for regulatory purposes and not to 
support the Exchange's business side. In this regard, the Exchange 
believes that the proposed increase to the fee is reasonable.
    The Exchange believes that continuing to limit changes to the ORF 
to twice a year on specific dates with advance notice is reasonable 
because it gives participants certainty on the timing of changes, if 
any, and better enables them to properly account for ORF charges among 
their customers. The Exchange believes that continuing to limit changes 
to the ORF to twice a year on specific dates is equitable and not 
unfairly discriminatory because it will apply in the same manner to all 
Members that are subject to the ORF and provide them with additional 
advance notice of changes to that fee.
    The Exchange believes that collecting the ORF from non-Members when 
such non-Members ultimately clear the transaction (that is, when the 
non-Member is the ``ultimate clearing firm'' for a transaction in which 
a Member was assessed the ORF) is an equitable allocation of reasonable 
dues, fees, and other charges among its members and issuers and other 
persons using its facilities. The Exchange notes that there is a 
material distinction between ``assessing'' the ORF and ``collecting'' 
the ORF. The ORF is only assessed to a Member with respect to a 
particular transaction in which it is either the executing clearing 
firm or ultimate clearing firm. The Exchange does not assess the ORF to 
non-Members. Once, however, the ORF is assessed to a Member for a 
particular transaction, the ORF may be collected from the Member or a 
non-Member, depending on how the transaction is cleared at OCC. If 
there was no change to the clearing account of the original 
transaction, the ORF would be collected from the Member. If there was a 
change to the clearing account of the original transaction and a non-
Member becomes the ultimate clearing firm for that transaction, then 
the ORF will be collected from that non-Member. The Exchange believes 
that this collection practice continues to be reasonable and 
appropriate, and was originally instituted for the benefit of clearing 
firms that desired to have the ORF be collected from the clearing firm 
that ultimately clears the transaction.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    MIAX PEARL does not believe that the proposed rule change will 
impose any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in 
furtherance of the purposes of the Act. This proposal does not create 
an unnecessary or inappropriate intra-market burden on competition 
because the ORF applies to all customer activity, and is designed to 
enable the Exchange to recover a material portion of the Exchange's 
cost related to its regulatory activities. It also supplements the 
regulatory revenue derived from non-customer activity. This proposal 
does not create an unnecessary or inappropriate inter-market burden on 
competition because it is a regulatory fee that supports regulation in 
furtherance of the purposes of the Act. The Exchange is obligated to 
ensure that the amount of regulatory revenue collected from the ORF, in 
combination with its other regulatory fees and fines, does not exceed 
regulatory costs. Unilateral action by MIAX PEARL in establishing fees 
for services provided to its Members and others using its facilities 
will not have an impact on competition. In the highly competitive 
environment for equity options trading, MIAX PEARL does not have the 
market power necessary to set prices for services that are unreasonable 
or unfairly discriminatory in violation of the Act. The Exchange's ORF, 
as described herein, is comparable to fees charged by other options 
exchanges for the same or similar services. The Exchange believes that 
continuing to limit the changes to the ORF to twice a year on specific 
dates with advance notice is not intended to address a competitive 
issue but rather to provide Members with better notice of any change 
that the Exchange may make to the ORF.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed 
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    Written comments were neither solicited nor received.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for 
Commission Action

    The foregoing rule change has become effective pursuant to Section 
19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Act,\14\ and Rule 19b-4(f)(2) \15\ thereunder. 
At any time within 60 days of the filing of the proposed rule change, 
the Commission summarily may temporarily suspend such rule change if it 
appears to the Commission that such action is necessary or appropriate 
in the public interest, for the protection of investors, or otherwise 
in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. If the Commission takes such 
action, the Commission shall institute proceedings to determine whether 
the proposed rule should be approved or disapproved.
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    \14\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(ii).
    \15\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(2).
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IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule 
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of 
the following methods:

[[Page 5802]]

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
File No. SR-PEARL-2019-01 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File No. SR-PEARL-2019-01. This file 
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help 
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's internet website (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml.) 
Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written 
statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with 
the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed 
rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those 
that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions 
of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and printing in 
the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 
20549, on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 
3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection 
and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All comments 
received will be posted without change. Persons submitting comments are 
cautioned that we do not redact or edit personal identifying 
information from comment submissions. You should submit only 
information that you wish to make available publicly. All submissions 
should refer to File No. SR-PEARL-2019-01, and should be submitted on 
or before March 15, 2019.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\16\
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    \16\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Eduardo A. Aleman,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2019-03037 Filed 2-21-19; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8011-01-P