[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 219 (Tuesday, November 13, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 56285-56287]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-24566]
[[Page 56285]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Bureau of the Census
[Docket Number 180926887-8887-01]
Census County Divisions (CCDs) and Equivalent Entities for the
2020 Census--Final Criteria
AGENCY: Bureau of the Census, Commerce.
ACTION: Notice of final criteria and program implementation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: Census county divisions (CCDs) and equivalent entities are
statistical geographic entities established cooperatively by the Census
Bureau and officials of state and local governments in 21 states where
minor civil divisions (MCDs) either do not exist or have been
unsatisfactory for reporting statistical data. The primary goal of the
CCD program has been to establish and maintain a set of subcounty units
that have stable boundaries and recognizable names. The Census Bureau
is publishing this notice in the Federal Register to announce final
criteria and program implementation for defining CCDs for the 2020
Census. In addition to CCDs, the program also encompasses the review
and update of census tracts, block groups, and census designated places
(CDPs).
DATES: This notice's final criteria will be effective on December 13,
2018.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information on
this program should be directed to the Geographic Standards, Criteria,
and Quality Branch, Geography Division, U.S. Census Bureau, via email
at [email protected] or telephone at 301-763-3056.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Census county divisions (CCDs) and equivalent entities are
statistical geographic entities established cooperatively by the Census
Bureau and officials of state and local governments in 21 states \1\
where minor civil divisions (MCDs) either do not exist or have been
unsatisfactory for reporting statistical data. The primary goal of the
CCD program has been to establish and maintain a set of subcounty \2\
units that have stable boundaries and recognizable names.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ In Alaska, census subareas are county subdivisions
equivalent to CCDs. For purposes of this notice, the term CCD also
refers to census subareas in Alaska.
\2\ For the Census Bureau's purposes, the term ``county''
includes parishes in Louisiana; boroughs, city and boroughs,
municipalities, and census areas in Alaska; independent cities in
Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia; districts and islands in
American Samoa; districts in the U.S. Virgin Islands; municipalities
in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; municipios in
Puerto Rico; and the areas constituting the District of Columbia and
Guam. This notice will refer to all these entities collectively as
``counties''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Census Bureau is publishing this notice in the Federal Register
to announce final criteria for defining CCDs for the 2020 Census. The
Census Bureau did not receive any comments in response to proposed
criteria published in the Federal Register on February 15, 2018 (83 FR
6932). After publication of final criteria in the Federal Register, the
Census Bureau will offer designated governments or organizations an
opportunity to review and, if necessary, suggest updates to the
boundaries and attributes of CCDs in their geographic area under the
Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). In addition to CCDs, the
program also encompasses the review and update of census tracts, block
groups, and census designated places (CDPs).
I. History
When CCDs were introduced prior to the 1950 Census, few
alternatives were available for the provision of statistical data
related to relatively stable, subcounty geographic units. Census tracts
were defined in only a subset of metropolitan area counties. MCDs
existed in all counties, but in some states MCD boundaries changed
frequently enough that they were not useful for comparing statistical
data from one decade to another.
For much of the period from the 1950 Census through the 1980
Census, county subdivisions (MCDs and CCDs) provided the only subcounty
unit of geography at which data users could obtain statistical data for
complete coverage of counties nationwide. The introduction of block
numbering areas (BNAs) in counties without census tracts for the 1990
Census offered an alternate subcounty entity for which data could be
tabulated. For Census 2000, the Census Bureau introduced census tracts
nationwide (in many counties, BNAs were simply relabeled as ``census
tracts''), increasing the dissemination of, and ability to analyze,
data at the census tract level, and providing an alternative set of
subcounty statistical geographic areas in each county in addition to
MCDs and CCDs. Nevertheless, CCDs and MCDs remain useful for presenting
subcounty statistics and, in less populous counties containing only one
or two census tracts, can provide greater spatial resolution when
analyzing the distribution of population and characteristics.
II. Summary of Comments Received in Response to the Proposed Criteria
The Census Bureau's proposed criteria for the 2020 Census were
unchanged from the final criteria used to delineate CCDs for the 2010
Census. The Census Bureau did not receive any comments in response to
the proposed criteria published in the Federal Register published on
February 15, 2018 (83 FR 6932). As a result, the proposed criteria are
adopted as final criteria with only minor clarifying changes and an
update for a population figure used as an example.
III. General Principles and Criteria for CCDs for the 2020 Census
The criteria outlined herein apply to the United States,\3\ Puerto
Rico, and the Island Areas.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ For Census Bureau purposes, the United States typically
refers to only the fifty states and the District of Columbia, and
does not include the U.S. territories (Puerto Rico, the Island
Areas, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
\4\ The Island Areas include the U.S. territories American
Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and
the U.S. Virgin Islands.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. General Principles
1. The primary goal of the CCD program is to establish and maintain
a set of subcounty units that have stable boundaries and recognizable
names. The boundaries of CCDs usually coincide with visible features or
stable, significant legal boundaries, such as the boundary of an
American Indian reservation (AIR), federally managed land, or conjoint
incorporated places. CCDs have no legal status as statistical
geographic entities and are defined only for the tabulation and
presentation of statistical data.
2. A CCD usually represents a single contiguous area consisting of
one or more communities, economic centers, or, in some instances, major
land uses that are relatively compact in shape.
3. A CCD should have a relationship to existing census tracts,
either encompassing one or more census tracts or having two or more
CCDs nest within a single census tract. The boundaries of a CCD, or
combination of nested CCDs, align with census tract boundaries. Note
that a county with a population less than the optimum population for a
census tract (less than 4,000 people) may contain more CCDs than census
tracts. For example, McCone County, Montana, which has a 2017 estimated
population of 1,718, contains only one
[[Page 56286]]
census tract, but is divided into two CCDs.
4. Since the 1950s, the Census Bureau has worked with state and
local officials to replace MCDs with CCDs for the collection,
presentation, and analysis of Census Bureau data, particularly in
states in which MCDs do not provide governmental services and
functions, and in which MCD boundaries tend to change between decennial
censuses. For the 2020 Census, CCDs are defined in 21 states: Alabama,
Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia,
Hawaii, Idaho, Kentucky, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon,
South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. North Dakota
adopted CCDs for use in tabulating and presenting data from the 1970
Census. Following the 1970 Census, North Dakota requested that the
Census Bureau again use MCDs to tabulate and present statistical data.
For the 2010 Census, Tennessee requested that the Census Bureau replace
its CCDs with county commissioner districts, a type of legal,
administrative MCD.
B. Criteria
CCDs should (1) have community orientation, (2) have visible and/or
stable boundaries, (3) maintain relationships with census tract
boundaries, and (4) have recognizable names.
1. Community Orientation
Each CCD should center on one or more places and encompass
additional surrounding territory that together form a cohesive
community area. The definition of community should take into account
factors, such as production, marketing, consumption, and the
integrating factor of local institutions.
The locality on which a CCD is centered usually is an incorporated
place or an unincorporated community, which might be identified as a
CDP. In some cases, the CCD may center on a major area of significantly
different topography, land use, or ownership, such as a large military
installation or AIR. A CCD should always comprise a reasonably compact,
continuous land area, generally with road access to all areas within
the CCD.
2. Visible and/or Stable Boundaries
To make the location of CCD boundaries less ambiguous, the
boundaries should follow, wherever possible, visible and identifiable
features. The use of visible features makes it easier to locate and
identify CCD boundaries over time, as the locations of most visible
features in the landscape change infrequently, making data collection
easier and more reliable, while reducing the possibility for data
allocation errors. The Census Bureau requires that CCDs follow state
and county boundaries, conform to census tract boundaries, and allows
CCDs to follow the boundaries of federally recognized AIRs, and
federal, state, or locally managed land.
The following features are acceptable:
a. County boundaries (always a CCD boundary);
b. Census tract boundaries, which usually follow visible,
perennial, natural, and cultural features, such as roads, rivers,
canals, railroads, or above-ground, high-tension power lines;
c. Legally defined, federally recognized AIR boundaries;
d. The boundaries of federal, state, or locally managed land, such
as national parks, national monuments, national forests, other types of
large parks or forests, airports, marine ports, prisons, military
installations, or other large facilities;
e. Conjoint city limits (in certain situations, such as city limits
that change infrequently); and,
f. When the above types of features are not available for use as
CCD boundaries, the Census Bureau may, at its discretion, approve other
nonstandard, visible features, such as ridge lines, above-ground
pipelines, streams, or fence lines. The Census Bureau may also accept,
on a case-by-case basis, the boundaries of selected nonstandard and
potentially nonvisible features, such as the boundaries of cemeteries,
golf courses, glaciers, or the straight-line extensions of visible
features and other lines-of-sight.
3. Census Tract Boundaries and Population Size
Whenever possible, a CCD should encompass one or more contiguous
census tracts, or multiple CCDs should constitute a single census
tract. Therefore, CCD boundaries should be consistent with census tract
boundaries. Population size is not as important a consideration with
CCDs as it is with census tracts. For CCDs that do not meet the
thresholds for a census tract, the Census Bureau encourages creating
one or more block groups within a census tract that encompass a CCD.
Historically, CCDs have ranged from a few hundred people (in selected
situations) to more than one million. However, data quality and
availability may be factors that local governments and planners should
consider in defining statistical geographic areas. As a general rule,
period estimates of demographic characteristics of small population
areas from the American Community Survey will be subject to higher
variances than comparable period estimates for areas with larger
populations. In addition, the Census Bureau's disclosure rules may have
the effect of restricting the availability and amount of data for areas
with small populations.
4. Name Identification
a. The names of existing CCDs shall not be changed unless a
compelling reason is provided, such as when the name from which the CCD
was derived has changed, as in the case of Bainbridge Island,
Washington, when the name of the city (Winslow) changed;
b. A new CCD usually is named after the largest population center
or historically central place within it (e.g., Taos, Hobbs, or Zuni
Pueblo, New Mexico);
c. Where a CCD contains multiple centers with relatively equal
importance, a CCD name may represent the two or three centers (e.g.,
Mount Pleasant-Moroni, Utah);
d. A CCD may be named after the AIR (e.g., Hualapai, Arizona or Nez
Perce, Idaho) or a prominent land use area (e.g., Federal Reservation,
Washington or Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming) in which it is
significantly or wholly located;
e. A CCD may be named after a prominent physical feature (e.g.,
Mount Rainier, Washington) or a distinctive region within the county
(e.g., Death Valley, California; Everglades or Lower Keys, Florida);
and,
f. If there is no clear cultural focus or topographic name that can
be applied, a CCD name shall consist of the county name and a compass
direction to indicate the portion of the county in the CCD or a place
name and a compass direction to give the CCD location relative to the
place. The directional indicator precedes a county name (e.g.,
Northeast Cobb, Georgia). If a place name is used, the directional
indicator follows it (e.g., Del Rio Northwest, Texas).
In all cases, the objective is to clearly identify the extent of
the CCD by means of an area name since CCD names always should be
meaningful to data users. Any name used as a CCD name must also be
recognized by the Board on Geographic Names for federal use and appear
in the Geographic Names Information System maintained by the U.S.
Geological Survey. This includes any individual names combined to make
a hyphenated CCD name.
[[Page 56287]]
III. Definitions of Key Terms
American Indian reservation (AIR)-- An area of land with boundaries
established by final treaty, statute, executive order, and/or court
order and over which a federally recognized American Indian tribal
government has governmental authority. Along with ``reservation,''
designations such as colonies, communities, pueblos, rancherias, and
reserves apply to AIRs.
Block group--A statistical subdivision of a census tract consisting
of all census blocks whose numbers begin with the same digit in a
census tract. A block group is the smallest geographic entity for which
the Census Bureau normally tabulates sample data.
Census block--A geographic area bounded by visible and/or invisible
features shown on a map prepared by the Census Bureau. A block is the
smallest geographic entity for which the Census Bureau tabulates and
publishes decennial census data.
Census county division (CCD)--Areas delineated by the Census Bureau
in cooperation with state, tribal, and local officials for statistical
purposes. CCDs have no legal function and are not governmental units.
CCD boundaries usually follow visible features and usually coincide
with census tract boundaries. The name of each CCD is based on a place,
country, or well-known local name that identify its location.
Census designated place (CDP)--A statistical geographic entity
equivalent to an incorporated place with a concentration of population,
housing, and commercial and nonresidential structures that is
identifiable by name, but is not within an incorporated place.
Census tract--A small, relatively permanent statistical geographic
division of a county defined for the tabulation and publication of
Census Bureau data. The primary goal of census tracts is to provide a
set of nationally consistent, relatively small, statistical geographic
units, with stable boundaries that facilitate analysis of data across
time and between decennial censuses.
Conjoint--A description of a boundary line shared by two adjacent
geographic entities.
Contiguous--A description of areas sharing common boundary lines,
more than a single point, such that the areas, when combined, form a
single piece of territory. Noncontiguous areas form disjoint pieces.
Federally managed land--Territory that is federally owned and/or
administered by an agency of the U.S. federal government, such as the
National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, or Department of
Defense.
Incorporated place--A type of governmental unit, incorporated under
state law as a city, town (except in New England, New York, and
Wisconsin), borough (except in Alaska and New York), or village,
generally to provide governmental services for a concentration of
people within legally prescribed boundaries.
Minor civil division (MCD)--The primary governmental or
administrative division of a county in 28 states and the Island Areas
having legal boundaries, names, and descriptions. The MCDs represent
many different types of legal entities with a wide variety of
characteristics, powers, and functions depending on the state and type
of MCD. In some states, some or all of the incorporated places also
constitute MCDs.
Nonvisible feature--A map feature that is not visible on the ground
and in imagery such as a city or county boundary through space, a
property line, or line-of-sight extension of a road.
Visible feature--A map feature that can be seen on the ground and
in imagery, such as a road, railroad track, major above-ground
transmission line or pipeline, river, stream, shoreline, fence, sharply
defined mountain ridge, or cliff. A nonstandard visible feature is a
feature that may not be clearly defined on the ground (such as a
ridge), may be seasonal (such as an intermittent stream), or may be
relatively impermanent (such as a fence). The Census Bureau generally
requests verification that nonstandard features used as boundaries for
the PSAP geographic areas pose no problem in their location during
field work.
Dated: October 30, 2018.
Ron S. Jarmin,
Deputy Director, Performing the Non-Exclusive Functions and Duties of
the Director, Bureau of the Census.
[FR Doc. 2018-24566 Filed 11-9-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-07-P