[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 165 (Friday, August 24, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 42789-42802]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-18382]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 20

[Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2017-0028; FF09M21200-178-FXMB1231099BPP0]
RIN 1018-BB73


Migratory Bird Hunting; Migratory Bird Hunting Regulations on 
Certain Federal Indian Reservations and Ceded Lands for the 2018-19 
Season

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule prescribes special migratory bird hunting 
regulations for certain Tribes on Federal Indian reservations, off-
reservation trust lands, and ceded lands. This rule responds to tribal 
requests for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (hereinafter Service or we) 
recognition of their authority to regulate hunting under established 
guidelines. This rule allows the establishment of season bag limits 
and, thus, harvest at levels compatible with populations and habitat 
conditions.

DATES: This rule takes effect on August 24, 2018.

ADDRESSES: You may inspect comments received on the special hunting 
regulations and Tribal proposals during normal business hours at U.S. 
Fish and Wildlife Headquarters, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 
22041-3803, or at http://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-
2017-0028.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ron W. Kokel, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Department of the Interior, MS: MB, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls 
Church, VA 22041-3803; (703) 358-1967.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of July 3, 1918 (16 U.S.C. 703 
et seq.), authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Department of the 
Interior, having due regard for the zones of temperature and for the 
distribution, abundance, economic value, breeding habits, and times and 
lines of flight of migratory game birds, to determine when, to what 
extent, and by what means such birds or any part, nest, or egg thereof 
may be taken, hunted,

[[Page 42790]]

captured, killed, possessed, sold, purchased, shipped, carried, 
exported, or transported.
    In the May 23, 2018, Federal Register (83 FR 23869), we proposed 
special migratory bird hunting regulations for the 2018-19 hunting 
season for certain Indian tribes, under the guidelines described in the 
June 4, 1985, Federal Register (50 FR 23467). The guidelines respond to 
tribal requests for Service recognition of their reserved hunting 
rights, and for some tribes, recognition of their authority to regulate 
hunting by both tribal members and nonmembers on their reservations. 
The guidelines include possibilities for:
    (1) On-reservation hunting by both tribal members and nonmembers, 
with hunting by nontribal members on some reservations to take place 
within Federal frameworks but on dates different from those selected by 
the surrounding State(s);
    (2) On-reservation hunting by tribal members only, outside of usual 
Federal frameworks for season dates and length, and for daily bag and 
possession limits; and
    (3) Off-reservation hunting by tribal members on ceded lands, 
outside of usual framework dates and season length, with some added 
flexibility in daily bag and possession limits.
    In all cases, the regulations established under the guidelines must 
be consistent with the March 10-September 1 closed season mandated by 
the 1916 Migratory Bird Treaty with Canada.
    In the August 3, 2017, Federal Register (82 FR 36308), we requested 
that tribes desiring special hunting regulations in the 2018-19 hunting 
season submit a proposal including details on:
    (1) Harvest anticipated under the requested regulations;
    (2) Methods that would be employed to measure or monitor harvest 
(such as bag checks, mail questionnaires, etc.);
    (3) Steps that would be taken to limit level of harvest, where it 
could be shown that failure to limit such harvest would adversely 
impact the migratory bird resource; and
    (4) Tribal capabilities to establish and enforce migratory bird 
hunting regulations.
    No action is required if a tribe wishes to observe the hunting 
regulations established by the State(s) in which an Indian reservation 
is located. We have successfully used the guidelines since the 1985-86 
hunting season. We finalized the guidelines beginning with the 1988-89 
hunting season (August 18, 1988, Federal Register [53 FR 31612]).
    The final rule described here is the final in the series of 
proposed and final rulemaking documents for Migratory Bird Hunting 
Regulations on Certain Federal Indian Reservations and Ceded Lands for 
the 2018-19 Season. This rule sets hunting seasons, hours, areas, and 
limits for migratory game bird species on reservations and ceded 
territories. This final rule is the culmination of the rulemaking 
process for the Tribal migratory game bird hunting seasons, which 
started with the August 3, 2017, proposed rule. This final rule sets 
the Migratory Bird Hunting Regulations on Certain Federal Indian 
Reservations and Ceded Lands for the 2018-19 Season.

Population Status and Harvest

    Each year we publish various species status reports that provide 
detailed information on the status and harvest of migratory game birds, 
including information on the methodologies and results. These reports 
are available at the address indicated under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT or from our website at https://www.fws.gov/birds/surveys-and-data/reports-and-publications/population-status.php. We used the 
following reports: Adaptive Harvest Management, 2018 Hunting Season 
(September 2017); American Woodcock Population Status, 2017 (August 
2017); Band-tailed Pigeon Population Status, 2017 (August 2017); 
Migratory Bird Hunting Activity and Harvest During the 2015-16 and 
2016-17 Hunting Seasons (August 2017); Mourning Dove Population Status, 
2017 (August 2017); Status and Harvests of Sandhill Cranes, Mid-
continent, Rocky Mountain, Lower Colorado River Valley and Eastern 
Populations, 2017 (August 2017); and Waterfowl Population Status, 2017 
(August 2017).

Comments and Issues Concerning Tribal Proposals

    For the 2018-19 migratory bird hunting season, we proposed 
regulations for 30 Tribes or Indian groups that followed the 1985 
guidelines and were considered appropriate for final rulemaking. 
However, at that time, we noted in the May 23 proposed rule that we 
were proposing seasons for six Tribes who have submitted proposals in 
past years but from whom we had not yet received proposals this year. 
We did not receive proposals from three of those Tribes and, therefore, 
have not included them in this final rule.
    The comment period for the May 23 proposed rule closed on June 22, 
2018. We received five comments on our May 23 proposed rule, which 
announced proposed seasons for migratory bird hunting by American 
Indian Tribes. Significant comments are addressed below.
    Written Comments: The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 
(WDNR) reiterated their past comments of being strongly opposed to 
allowing the use of electronic calls, hand nets, and snares on ceded 
lands (see February 5, 2018, Federal Register (83 FR 5037) for 
additional details). They stated that if approved, they should only be 
allowed on tribal lands, not State public lands, where the possibility 
of potential conflicts exists.
    The Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) 
supported the proposed regulations and urged the timely approval and 
publishing of a final rule prior to the scheduled September 1, 2018, 
opening of the seasons.
    Several individuals also provided comment. One commenter protested 
the entire migratory bird hunting regulations process and the killing 
of all migratory birds. Another commenter believed we should approve 
the proposed special migratory bird hunting Tribal seasons, while 
another believed we needed to publish the final tribal regulations 
prior to the season opening of September 1, 2018, unlike the previous 
year.
    Service Response: In the February 5, 2018, Federal Register (83 FR 
5037), we responded in detail to WDNR's comments regarding our approval 
of the GLIFWC's proposal. However, as an aid to the reader, we again 
summarize and respond here.
    Allowing electronic calls. In the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas, 
GLIFWC proposes allowing an experimental application of electronic 
calls with up to 50 Tribal hunters allowed to use the devices. 
Individuals using electronic calls will be required to obtain a special 
Tribal permit, complete a hunt diary for each hunt where the devices 
are used, and submit the hunt diary to the Commission within 2 weeks of 
the end of the season in order to be eligible to obtain a permit for 
the following year. GLIFWC will require hunters to record the date, 
time, and location of each hunt; the number of hunters; the number of 
each species harvested per hunting event; if other hunters were in the 
area, any interactions with other hunters; and other information GLIFWC 
deems appropriate. GLIFWC will then summarize the diary results and 
submit a report to the Service. Barring unforeseen results, GLIFWC 
proposes that this experimental application be replicated for 3 years, 
after which a full evaluation would be completed.

[[Page 42791]]

    As we have stated over the last 7 years (76 FR 54676, September 1, 
2011; 77 FR 54451, September 5, 2012; 78 FR 53218, August 28, 2013; 79 
FR 52226, September 3, 2014; 80 FR 52663, September 1, 2015; 81 FR 
62404, September 9, 2016; 83 FR 5037, February 5, 2018), the issue of 
allowing electronic calls and other electronic devices for migratory 
game bird hunting has been highly debated and highly controversial over 
the last 40 years, similar to other prohibited hunting methods. 
Electronic calls, i.e., the use or aid of recorded or electronic 
amplified bird calls or sounds, or recorded or electrically amplified 
imitations of bird calls or sounds to lure or attract migratory game 
birds to hunters, were Federally prohibited in 1957, because of their 
effectiveness in attracting and aiding the harvest of ducks and geese 
and because they are generally not considered a legitimate component of 
hunting (see restriction in 50 CFR 20.21(g)).
    In our previous responses on this issue, we have also discussed 
information stemming from the use of electronic calls during the 
special light-goose seasons and our conclusions as to its applicability 
to most other waterfowl species. Given available evidence on the 
effectiveness of electronic calls, we continue to be concerned about 
the large biological uncertainty surrounding any widespread use of 
electronic calls. Additionally, given the fact that tribal waterfowl 
hunting covered by this rule would occur on ceded lands that are not in 
the ownership of the Tribes, we remain concerned that the use of 
electronic calls to take waterfowl could lead to confusion on the part 
of the public, wildlife-management agencies, and law enforcement 
officials in implementing the requirements of 50 CFR part 20. Further, 
similar to the impacts of baiting, we have some concerns on the 
uncertain zone of influence range from the use of electronic calls, 
which could potentially increase harvest from non-tribal hunters 
operating within areas where electronic calls are used during the dates 
of the general hunt. However, unlike baiting, once the electronic call 
is removed from an area, the attractant or lure is immediately removed 
with presumably little to no lingering effects.
    Notwithstanding our above concerns, we understand and appreciate 
GLIFWC's position on this issue; their desire to increase tribal hunter 
opportunity, harvest, and participation; and the importance that GLIFWC 
has ascribed to these issues. GLIFWC has proposed a limited use of 
electronic calls under an experimental design with up to only 50 Tribal 
hunters wherein hunters would be required to obtain special permits and 
complete and submit a hunt diary for each hunt where electronic calls 
were used. Further, given GLIFWC's extremely limited current and 
expected waterfowl harvest (fewer than 3,000 ducks and 600 geese) and 
hunter participation (limited to 50 hunters), our concerns for any 
potential biological impacts are significantly lessened. Therefore, we 
agree with the tribes that much of the large uncertainty surrounding 
any widespread use of electronic calls could be potentially controlled, 
or significantly lessened, by this very modest experiment.
    Thus, we are approving GLIFWC's limited experimental approach with 
the hope of gaining additional information and knowledge about the use 
of electronic calls and their effects on waterfowl. Ideally, this 
limited approach includes utilizing electronic calls both for Canada 
geese (where they may already be used in some instances) and new 
efforts for ducks. Important data related to tribal hunter interest, 
participation, effects on targeted species, and harvest needs are to be 
closely tracked and reported, as GLIFWC has agreed. We conclude that 
the experimental removal of the electronic call prohibition, with the 
proposed limited design, is consistent with helping address and answer 
some of our long-standing concerns, and thus we approve GLIFWC's 
proposal to allow the experimental use of electronic calls in the 1837 
and 1842 Treaty Areas for any open season for a 3-year experimental 
period.
    Use of hand-held nets and snares. GLIFWC proposed that we allow 
tribal members to take migratory birds (primarily waterfowl) with the 
use of hand-held nets, hand-held snares, and the capturing of birds by 
hand in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas. GLIFWC's proposal for the use 
of nets and snares and capturing by hand would include the take of 
birds at night. Non-attended nets or snares would not be authorized 
under this proposal. Tribal members using nets or snares to take 
migratory birds, or taking birds by hand, would be required to obtain a 
special Tribal permit, complete a hunt diary for each hunt where these 
methods are used, and submit the hunt diary to the Commission within 2 
weeks of the end of the season in order to be eligible to obtain a 
permit to net migratory birds for the following year. GLIFWC-required 
information would include the date, time, and location of the hunt; 
number of hunters; the number of each species harvested per hunting 
event; and other information GLIFWC deems appropriate. Diary results 
would then be summarized and documented in a GLIFWC report, which would 
be submitted to the Service. Barring unforeseen results, GLIFWC 
proposes that this experimental application be replicated for 3 years, 
after which a full evaluation would be completed.
    Current regulations at 50 CFR part 20 do not allow the use of 
traps, nets, or snares to capture migratory game birds (see Sec.  
20.21(a)), and we are unaware of any current State regulations allowing 
the use of traps for the capture of resident game birds. While the use 
of traps or nets for birds is not generally considered a sport-hunting 
technique, we recognize that their use may be a customary and 
traditional hunting method by tribal members. Further, GLIFWC's netting 
and trapping proposal does not allow baiting (which could lead to 
concerns related to potential disease transmission) or the herding of 
waterfowl into traps when they are largely flightless, such as during 
the summer molt. Practices such as these would significantly increase 
our concerns. As such, and recognizing the importance GLIFWC has placed 
on this issue, we are not opposed to the trapping of migratory birds, 
especially given all the GLIFWC-proposed restrictions on their use and 
the fact that they will be monitored at all times. Thus, we agree with 
the GLIFWC proposal and conclude that the restrictions they have 
proposed are appropriate to begin a 3-year experimental evaluation.
    Use of hunter diaries. For both use of electronic calls and hand-
nets and snares, GLIFWC has proposed that hunters be required to 
complete and submit a hunt diary in order to receive a special hunting 
permit the following year. Despite commenters stating that these tribal 
self-reporting requirements have not been productive in the past, this 
methodology, with GLIFWC's commitment, will provide us with useful 
information to help assess the program's effectiveness, user conflicts, 
hunter participation, and harvest. Given the relatively small size of 
the program and the anticipated participation and harvest, we see 
little need for GLIFWC staff to conduct field observations as States or 
Flyways (with thousands of hunters and potentially tens of thousands in 
anticipated harvest) have done for other experimental seasons. However, 
if we see that either the quality of information being yielded is not 
sufficient for our purposes or the level of impacts is more than 
anticipated and may warrant field observers and/or a more rigorous 
study

[[Page 42792]]

approach, we will work with GLIFWC to address these issues.
    Limiting activities to Tribal lands. WDNR requested that any of 
GLIWFC's proposals, if approved, be limited to Tribal lands only, or be 
prohibited on all State lands. They state that allowing the use of 
electronic calls, hand-held nets, and snares on all ceded lands 
increases the potential for conflicts with the general hunting public 
and creates a challenge for law enforcement. While we acknowledge that 
the potential for conflict exists, limiting GLIFWC's proposals to 
either Tribal lands only or non-State lands would severely limit 
GLIFWC's available hunting options. Some member tribes have relatively 
small reservations. State and County lands are a large and important 
component of ceded lands. Further, other hunting rights are exercised 
on ceded lands, along with methods and means not available to the 
general hunting public. Given the above and the very limited nature of 
the proposed experiment, we see no justification for restricting these 
hunting methods and means to either Tribal lands or non-State lands.
    Individual, more generalized comments. Our long-term objectives 
continue to include providing opportunities to harvest portions of 
certain migratory game bird populations and to limit harvests to levels 
compatible with each population's ability to maintain healthy, viable 
numbers. Further, there exists a long history of establishing hunting 
seasons for migratory game bird species such as waterfowl, cranes, 
woodcock, doves, and migratory shore and upland game birds. Tribes, 
such as those included in this final rule, have hunted these species 
before and since the inception of our establishment of migratory game 
bird hunting seasons. These seasons are culturally important to them, 
and applicable treaties allow for hunting of these species.
    Having taken into account the zones of temperature and the 
distribution, abundance, economic value, breeding habits, and times and 
lines of flight of migratory game birds, we conclude that the hunting 
seasons provided for herein are compatible with the current status of 
migratory bird populations and long-term population goals. 
Additionally, we are obligated to, and do, give serious consideration 
to all information received as public comment. We continue to conclude 
that the current Flyway-Council system of migratory bird management is 
one of the most longstanding, successful examples of State-Federal 
cooperative management since its establishment in 1952. Likewise, the 
establishment of special tribal migratory bird hunting regulations has 
been a successful Federal-Tribal partnership since 1988. However, as 
always, we continue to seek new ways to improve the process.

Required Determinations

Executive Order 13771--Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory 
Costs

    This final rule is not subject to the requirements of Executive 
Order (E.O.) 13771 (82 FR 9339, February 3, 2017) because this final 
rule establishes annual harvest limits related to routine hunting or 
fishing.

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Consideration

    The programmatic document, ``Second Final Supplemental 
Environmental Impact Statement: Issuance of Annual Regulations 
Permitting the Sport Hunting of Migratory Birds (EIS 20130139),'' filed 
with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on May 24, 2013, 
addresses NEPA compliance by the Service for issuance of the annual 
framework regulations for hunting of migratory game bird species. We 
published a notice of availability in the Federal Register on May 31, 
2013 (78 FR 32686), and our Record of Decision on July 26, 2013 (78 FR 
45376). We also address NEPA compliance for waterfowl hunting 
frameworks through the annual preparation of separate environmental 
assessments, the most recent being ``Duck Hunting Regulations for 2018-
19,'' with its corresponding May 2018, finding of no significant 
impact. The programmatic document, as well as the separate 
environmental assessment, is available on our website at https://www.fws.gov/birds/index.php or from the person indicated under the 
caption FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

Endangered Species Act Consideration

    Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), provides that, ``The Secretary shall review other 
programs administered by him and utilize such programs in furtherance 
of the purposes of this Act'' (and) shall ``insure that any action 
authorized, funded, or carried out * * * is not likely to jeopardize 
the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species 
or result in the destruction or adverse modification of [critical] 
habitat. * * *.'' Consequently, we conducted formal consultations to 
ensure that actions resulting from these regulations would not likely 
jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species 
or result in the destruction or adverse modification of their critical 
habitat. Findings from these consultations are included in a biological 
opinion, which concluded that the regulations are not likely to 
jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered or threatened 
species. Our biological opinions resulting from this section 7 
consultation are public documents available for public inspection at 
the address indicated under ADDRESSES.

Regulatory Planning and Review (Executive Orders 12866 and 13563)

    E.O. 12866 provides that the Office of Information and Regulatory 
Affairs (OIRA) will review all significant rules. OIRA has reviewed 
this rule and has determined that this rule is significant because it 
would have an annual effect of $100 million or more on the economy.
    E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866 while calling for 
improvements in the nation's regulatory system to promote 
predictability, to reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, most 
innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends. 
The executive order directs agencies to consider regulatory approaches 
that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of choice for 
the public where these approaches are relevant, feasible, and 
consistent with regulatory objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes further 
that regulations must be based on the best available science and that 
the rulemaking process must allow for public participation and an open 
exchange of ideas. We have developed this rule in a manner consistent 
with these requirements.
    An economic analysis was prepared for the 2018-19 season. This 
analysis was based on data from the 2011 National Hunting and Fishing 
Survey, the most recent year for which data are available (see 
discussion under Regulatory Flexibility Act, below). This analysis 
estimated consumer surplus for three alternatives for duck hunting 
(estimates for other species are not quantified due to lack of data). 
The alternatives are (1) issue restrictive regulations allowing fewer 
days than those issued during the 2017-18 season, (2) issue moderate 
regulations allowing more days than those in alternative 1, and (3) 
issue liberal regulations identical to the regulations in the 2017-18 
season. For the 2018-19 season, we chose Alternative 3, with an 
estimated consumer surplus across all flyways of $334-$440 million with 
a mid-point estimate of $387 million. We also chose

[[Page 42793]]

alternative 3 for the 2009-10, the 2010-11, the 2011-12, the 2012-13, 
the 2013-14, the 2014-15, the 2015-16, the 2016-17, and the 2017-18 
seasons. The 2018-19 analysis is part of the record for this rule and 
is available at http://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-
2017-0028.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The annual migratory bird hunting regulations have a significant 
economic impact on substantial numbers of small entities under the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). We analyzed the 
economic impacts of the annual hunting regulations on small business 
entities in detail as part of the 1981 cost-benefit analysis. This 
analysis was revised annually from 1990-95. In 1995, the Service issued 
a Small Entity Flexibility Analysis (Analysis), which was subsequently 
updated in 1996, 1998, 2004, 2008, 2013, and 2018. The primary source 
of information about hunter expenditures for migratory game bird 
hunting is the National Hunting and Fishing Survey, which is conducted 
at 5-year intervals. The 2018 Analysis was based on the 2011 National 
Hunting and Fishing Survey and the U.S. Department of Commerce's County 
Business Patterns, from which it was estimated that migratory bird 
hunters would spend approximately $1.5 billion at small businesses in 
2018. Copies of the Analysis are available upon request from the 
Division of Migratory Bird Management (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT) or from http://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-
2017-0028.

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act

    This final rule is a major rule under 5 U.S.C. 804(2), the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act. For the reasons outlined 
above, this rule will have an annual effect on the economy of $100 
million or more. However, because this rule establishes hunting 
seasons, we do not plan to defer the effective date under the exemption 
contained in 5 U.S.C. 808(1).

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This rule does not contain any new collection of information that 
requires approval by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under 
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). OMB has 
previously approved the information collection requirements associated 
with migratory bird surveys and the procedures for establishing annual 
migratory bird hunting seasons under the following OMB control numbers:
     1018-0019, ``North American Woodcock Singing Ground 
Survey'' (expires 6/30/2021).
     1018-0023, ``Migratory Bird Surveys, 50 CFR 20.20'' 
(expires 8/31/2020). Includes Migratory Bird Harvest Information 
Program, Migratory Bird Hunter Surveys, Sandhill Crane Survey, and 
Parts Collection Survey.
     1018-0171, ``Establishment of Annual Migratory Bird 
Hunting Seasons, 50 CFR part 20'' (expires 06/30/2021).
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    We have determined and certify, in compliance with the requirements 
of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, 2 U.S.C. 1502 et seq., that this 
rulemaking will not impose a cost of $100 million or more in any given 
year on local or State government or private entities. Therefore, this 
rule is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act.

Civil Justice Reform--Executive Order 12988

    The Department, in promulgating this rule, has determined that this 
rule will not unduly burden the judicial system and that it meets the 
requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of E.O. 12988.

Takings Implication Assessment

    In accordance with E.O. 12630, this rule, authorized by the 
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, does not have significant takings 
implications and does not affect any constitutionally protected 
property rights. This rule will not result in the physical occupancy of 
property, the physical invasion of property, or the regulatory taking 
of any property. In fact, this rule will allow hunters to exercise 
otherwise unavailable privileges and, therefore, reduce restrictions on 
the use of private and public property.

Energy Effects--Executive Order 13211

    E.O. 13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of Energy 
Effects when undertaking certain actions. While this rule is a 
significant regulatory action under E.O. 12866, it is not expected to 
adversely affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, this 
action is not a significant energy action and no Statement of Energy 
Effects is required.

Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, 
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal 
Governments'' (59 FR 22951), E.O. 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have 
evaluated possible effects on Federally recognized Indian tribes and 
have determined that there are no effects on Indian trust resources. We 
have consulted with Tribes affected by this rule.

Federalism Effects

    Due to the migratory nature of certain species of birds, the 
Federal Government has been given responsibility over these species by 
the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. We annually prescribe frameworks from 
which the States make selections regarding the hunting of migratory 
birds, and we employ guidelines to establish special regulations on 
Federal Indian reservations and ceded lands. This process preserves the 
ability of the States and tribes to determine which seasons meet their 
individual needs. Any State or Indian tribe may be more restrictive 
than the Federal frameworks at any time. The frameworks are developed 
in a cooperative process with the States and the Flyway Councils. This 
process allows States to participate in the development of frameworks 
from which they will make selections, thereby having an influence on 
their own regulations. These rules do not have a substantial direct 
effect on fiscal capacity, change the roles or responsibilities of 
Federal or State governments, or intrude on State policy or 
administration. Therefore, in accordance with E.O. 13132, these 
regulations do not have significant federalism effects and do not have 
sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a 
federalism summary impact statement.

Regulations Promulgation

    The rulemaking process for migratory game bird hunting, by its 
nature, operates under a time constraint as seasons must be established 
each year or hunting seasons remain closed. However, we intend that the 
public be provided extensive opportunity for public input and 
involvement in compliance with Administrative Procedure Act 
requirements. Thus, when the preliminary proposed rulemaking was 
published, we established what we concluded were the longest periods 
possible for public comment and the most opportunities for

[[Page 42794]]

public involvement. We also provided notification of our participation 
in multiple Flyway Council meetings, opportunities for additional 
public review and comment on all Flyway Council proposals for 
regulatory change, and opportunities for additional public review 
during the Service Regulations Committee meeting. Therefore, sufficient 
public notice and opportunity for involvement have been given to 
affected persons regarding the migratory bird hunting frameworks for 
the 2018-19 hunting seasons. Further, after establishment of the final 
frameworks, States and Tribes need sufficient time to conduct their own 
public processes to select season dates and limits; to communicate 
those selections to us; and to establish and publicize the necessary 
regulations and procedures to implement their decisions. Thus, if there 
were a delay in the effective date of these regulations after this 
final rulemaking, States and Tribes might not be able to meet their own 
administrative needs and requirements.
    For the reasons cited above, we find that ``good cause'' exists, 
within the terms of 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3) of the Administrative Procedure 
Act, and these frameworks will take effect immediately upon 
publication.
    Accordingly, with each participating Tribe having had an 
opportunity to participate in selecting the hunting seasons desired for 
its reservation or ceded territory on those species of migratory birds 
for which open seasons are now prescribed, and consideration having 
been given to all other relevant matters presented, certain sections of 
title 50, chapter I, subchapter B, part 20, subpart K, are hereby 
amended as set forth below.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 20

    Exports, Hunting, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Transportation, Wildlife.

    Accordingly, part 20, subchapter B, chapter I of title 50 of the 
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:

PART 20--MIGRATORY BIRD HUNTING

0
1. The authority citation for part 20 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 703 et seq., and 16 U.S.C. 742a-j.

(Note: The following hunting regulations provided for by 50 CFR 
20.110 will not appear in the Code of Federal Regulations because of 
their seasonal nature).

0
2. Section 20.110 is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  20.110  Seasons, limits, and other regulations for certain 
Federal Indian reservations, Indian Territory, and ceded lands.

    Unless specifically provided for below, all of the regulations 
contained in 50 CFR part 20 apply to the seasons listed herein.

    (a) Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Flathead Indian 
Reservation, Pablo, Montana (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Tribal Members Only

Ducks (Including Mergansers)

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The Tribe does not have specific 
bag and possession restrictions for Tribal members. The season on 
harlequin duck is closed.

Coots

    Season Dates: Same as ducks.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as ducks.

Geese

    Season Dates: Same as ducks.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Same as ducks.
Nontribal Hunters

Ducks (Including Mergansers)

    Season Dates: Open September 22, 2018, through January 7, 2019.

Scaup

    Season Dates: Open September 22 through December 17, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Seven ducks, including no more 
than two hen mallards, two pintail, three scaup (when open), two 
canvasback, and two redheads. The possession limit is three times the 
daily bag limit.

Coots

    Season Dates: Same as ducks.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 and 25, respectively.

Geese

Dark Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 22, 2018, through January 7, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 4 and 12, respectively.

Light Geese

    Season Dates: Same as for dark geese.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20 and 60, respectively.
    General Conditions: Tribal and nontribal hunters must comply with 
all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations contained in 50 
CFR part 20 regarding manner of taking. In addition, shooting hours are 
one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset, and each 
waterfowl hunter 16 years of age or older must carry on his/her person 
a valid Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (Duck Stamp) 
signed in ink across the stamp face. Special regulations established by 
the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes also apply on the 
reservation.

    (b) Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Cloquet, 
Minnesota (Tribal Members Only).

Ducks

1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories
    Season Dates: Begin September 8 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 18 ducks, including no more than 12 mallards (only 
3 of which may be hens), 9 black ducks, 9 scaup, 9 wood ducks, 9 
redheads, 9 pintails, and 9 canvasbacks.
Reservation
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 12 ducks, including no more than 8 mallards (only 
2 of which may be hens), 6 black ducks, 6 scaup, 6 redheads, 6 
pintails, 6 wood ducks, and 6 canvasbacks.

Mergansers

1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories
    Season Dates: Begin September 8 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 15 mergansers, including no more than 6 hooded 
mergansers.
Reservation
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 mergansers, including no more than 4 hooded 
mergansers.

Canada Geese

1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories:
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 geese.
Reservation
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 geese.

Coots and Common Moorhens (Common Gallinules)

1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories
    Season Dates: Begin September 8 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 coots and common moorhens, singly or in the 
aggregate.

[[Page 42795]]

Reservation
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 coots and common moorhens, singly or in the 
aggregate.

Sandhill Cranes: 1854 and 1837 Ceded Territories

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: Two sandhill cranes. Crane carcass tags are 
required prior to hunting.

Sora and Virginia Rails

All Areas
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 25 sora and Virginia rails, singly or in the 
aggregate.

Common Snipe

All Areas
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: Eight common snipe.

Woodcock

All Areas
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: Three woodcock.

Mourning Doves

All Areas
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 30 mourning doves.

General Conditions

    1. While hunting waterfowl, a tribal member must carry on his/her 
person a valid Ceded Territory License.
    2. Shooting hours for migratory birds are one-half hour before 
sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.
    3. Except as otherwise noted, tribal members will be required to 
comply with tribal codes that will be no less restrictive than the 
provisions of Chapter 10 of the Model Off-Reservation Code. Except as 
modified by the Service rules adopted in response to this proposal, 
these amended regulations parallel Federal requirements in 50 CFR part 
20 as to hunting methods, transportation, sale, exportation, and other 
conditions generally applicable to migratory bird hunting.
    4. Band members in each zone will comply with State regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas.
    5. There are no possession limits for migratory birds. For purposes 
of enforcing bag limits, all migratory birds in the possession or 
custody of band members on ceded lands will be considered to have been 
taken on those lands unless tagged by a tribal or State conservation 
warden as having been taken on-reservation. All migratory birds that 
fall on reservation lands will not count as part of any off-reservation 
bag or possession limit.

    (c) Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Suttons 
Bay, Michigan (Tribal Members Only).

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 20, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 35 ducks, which may include no more than 8 
pintail, 4 canvasback, 8 black ducks, 5 hooded merganser, 8 wood ducks, 
8 redheads, and 20 mallards (only 10 of which may be hens).

Canada and Snow Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 15, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 15 geese.

Other Geese (White-Fronted Geese and Brant)

    Season Dates: Open September 20 through December 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: Five geese.

Sora Rails, Common Snipe, and Woodcock

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 14, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 rails, 10 snipe, and 5 woodcock.

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 14, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 25 mourning doves.

Sandhill Crane

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 14, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 2 sandhill crane, with a season limit of 10.

    General Conditions: A valid Grand Traverse Band Tribal license is 
required and must be in possession before taking any wildlife. Shooting 
hours for migratory birds are one-half hour before sunrise to one-half 
hour after sunset. All other basic regulations contained in 50 CFR part 
20 are valid. Other tribal regulations apply, and may be obtained at 
the tribal office in Suttons Bay, Michigan.

    (d) Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, Odanah, 
Wisconsin (Tribal Members Only).

    The 2018-19 waterfowl hunting season regulations apply to all 
treaty areas (except where noted):

Ducks

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 50 ducks in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Area; 30 
ducks in the 1836 Treaty Area.

Mergansers

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 mergansers.

Geese

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018. In 
addition, any portion of the ceded territory that is open to State-
licensed hunters for goose hunting outside of these dates will also be 
open concurrently for tribal members.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 geese in aggregate.

Other Migratory Birds: Coots and Common Moorhens (Common Gallinules)

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 coots and common moorhens (common gallinules), 
singly or in the aggregate.

Sora and Virginia Rails

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20, singly, or in the aggregate, 
25.

Common Snipe

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 16 common snipe.

Woodcock

    Season Dates: Begin September 4 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 woodcock.

Mourning Dove: 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories Only

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end November 29, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 15 mourning doves.

Sandhill Cranes

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 2 cranes in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Area and no 
season bag limit; 1 crane with a season bag limit of 3 in the 1836 
Treaty Area.

Swans: 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories Only

    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag/Season Limit: 2 swans. All harvested swans must be 
registered by presenting the fully-feathered carcass to a tribal 
registration station or GLIFWC

[[Page 42796]]

warden, to be identified to species. If the total number of trumpeter 
swans harvested reaches 10, the swan season will be closed by emergency 
tribal rule.
General Conditions
    A. All tribal members are required to obtain a valid tribal 
waterfowl hunting permit.
    B. Except as otherwise noted, tribal members are required to comply 
with tribal codes that are no less restrictive than the model ceded 
territory conservation codes approved by Federal courts in the Lac 
Courte Oreilles v. State of Wisconsin (Voigt) and Mille Lacs Band v. 
State of Minnesota cases. Chapter 10 in each of these model codes 
regulates ceded territory migratory bird hunting. Both versions of 
Chapter 10 parallel Federal requirements as to hunting methods, 
transportation, sale, exportation, and other conditions generally 
applicable to migratory bird hunting. They also automatically 
incorporate by reference the Federal migratory bird regulations.
    C. Particular regulations of note include:
    1. Nontoxic shot is required for all waterfowl hunting by tribal 
members.
    2. Tribal members in each zone must comply with tribal regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas. These 
regulations generally incorporate the same restrictions contained in 
parallel State regulations.
    3. There are no possession limits, with the exception of 2 swans 
(in the aggregate) and 25 rails (in the aggregate). For purposes of 
enforcing bag limits, all migratory birds in the possession and custody 
of tribal members on ceded lands are considered to have been taken on 
those lands unless tagged by a tribal or State conservation warden as 
taken on reservation lands. All migratory birds that fall on 
reservation lands do not count as part of any off-reservation bag or 
possession limit.
    4. There are no shell limit restrictions.
    5. Hunting hours are from 30 minutes before sunrise to 30 minutes 
after sunset, except that, within the 1837 and 1842 ceded territories 
hunters may use non-mechanical nets or snares that are operated by hand 
to take those birds subject to an open hunting season at any time. 
Hunters shall be permitted to capture, without the aid of other devices 
(i.e., by hand) and immediately kill birds subject to an open season, 
regardless of time of day. See #7 below for further explanation.
    6. An experimental application of electronic calls (e-calls) will 
be implemented in the 1837 and 1842 ceded territories. Up to 50 tribal 
hunters will be allowed to use e-calls. Individuals using e-calls will 
be required to obtain a special permit; they will be required to 
complete a hunt diary for each hunt where e-calls are used; and they 
will be required to submit the hunt diary to the Commission within two 
(2) weeks of the end of the season in order to be eligible to obtain an 
e-call permit for the following year. Required information will include 
the date, time and location of the hunt, number of hunters, the number 
of each species harvested per hunting event, if other hunters were in 
the area, any interactions with other hunters, and other information 
deemed appropriate. Diary results will be summarized and documented in 
a Commission report, which will be submitted to the Service. Barring 
unforeseen results, this experimental application would be replicated 
for 3 years, after which a full evaluation would be completed.
    7. Within the 1837 and 1842 ceded territories, tribal members will 
be allowed to use non-mechanical, hand-operated nets (i.e., throw/cast 
nets or hand-held nets typically used to land fish) and/or hand-
operated snares, and may chase and capture migratory birds without the 
aid of hunting devices (i.e., by hand). At this time, non-attended nets 
or snares shall not be authorized under this regulation. Tribal members 
using nets or snares to take migratory birds, or taking birds by hand, 
will be required to obtain a special permit; they will be required to 
complete a hunt diary for each hunt where these methods are used; and 
they will be required to submit the hunt diary to the Commission within 
two (2) weeks of the end of the season in order to be eligible to 
obtain a permit to net migratory birds for the following year. Required 
information will include the date, time and location of the hunt, 
number of hunters, the number of each species harvested per hunting 
event, and other information deemed appropriate. Diary results will be 
summarized and documented in a Commission report, which will be 
submitted to the Service. Barring unforeseen results, this experimental 
application would be replicated for 3 years, after which a full 
evaluation would be completed.

    (e) Jicarilla Apache Tribe, Jicarilla Indian Reservation, Dulce, 
New Mexico (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).

Ducks (Including Mergansers)

    Season Dates: Open October 6 through November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The daily bag limit is seven, 
including no more than two hen mallards, two pintail, two redheads, two 
canvasback, and three scaup. The possession limit is three times the 
daily bag limit.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 6 through November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and four, respectively.

    General Conditions: Tribal and nontribal hunters must comply with 
all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20 
regarding shooting hours and manner of taking. In addition, each 
waterfowl hunter 16 years of age or older must carry on his/her person 
a valid Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (Duck Stamp) 
signed in ink across the stamp face. Special regulations established by 
the Jicarilla Tribe also apply on the reservation.

    (f) Kalispel Tribe, Kalispel Reservation, Usk, Washington (Tribal 
Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Nontribal Hunters on Reservation and Ceded Lands

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 15 through September 16, 2018; open 
September 22 through September 23, 2018; and open October 1, 2018, 
through January 8, 2019. During these periods, days to be hunted are 
specified by the Kalispel Tribe. Nontribal hunters should contact the 
Tribe for more detail on hunting days.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 5 Canada geese for the early 
season, and 6 light geese and 4 dark geese, for the late season. The 
daily bag limit is 2 brant (when the State's season is open) and is in 
addition to dark goose limits for the late-season. The possession limit 
is twice the daily bag limit.

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 15, 2018, through September 16, 2018; 
open September 22, through September 23, 2018; and open October 1, 
2018, through January 8, 2019.

Scaup

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through December 25, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 7 ducks, including no more than 2 
female mallards, 2 pintail, 2 canvasback, 3 scaup (when open), and 2 
redheads. The possession limit is twice the daily bag limit.

    General: Tribal members must possess a validated Migratory Bird 
Hunting and

[[Page 42797]]

Conservation Stamp and a tribal ceded lands permit.

    (g) Klamath Tribe, Chiloquin, Oregon (Tribal Members Only).

Ducks and Coots

    Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 9 and 18, respectively.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 9 and 18, respectively.

    General: Nontoxic shot is required. Use of live decoys, bait, and 
commercial use of migratory birds are prohibited. Waterfowl may not be 
pursued or taken while using motorized craft. Shooting hours are one-
half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.

    (h) Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, Cass Lake, Minnesota (Tribal Members 
Only).

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 15 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 ducks, including no more than 5 pintail, 5 
canvasback, and 5 black ducks.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 geese.

    General: Possession limits are twice the daily bag limits. Shooting 
hours are one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset. 
Nontoxic shot is required. Use of live decoys, bait, and commercial use 
of migratory birds are prohibited. Waterfowl may not be pursued or 
taken while using motorized craft.

    (i) Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Manistee, Michigan (Tribal 
Members Only).
1836 Ceded Territory and Tribal Reservation

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 27, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 12 ducks, including no more than 6 mallards (2 of 
which may be hens), 3 black ducks, 3 redheads, 3 wood ducks, 2 pintail, 
1 bufflehead, 1 hooded merganser, and 2 canvasback.

Coots and Gallinules

    Season Dates: Open September 14, 2018, through January 27, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: Five coot and five gallinule.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 3, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: Five.

White-Fronted Geese, Brant, and Snow Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 7 through December 9, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: Five.

Woodcock, Mourning Doves, Snipe, and Sora and Virginia Rails

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 11, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 5 woodcock and 10 each of the other species.
General Conditions Are as Follows
    A. All tribal members will be required to obtain a valid tribal 
resource card and 2018-19 hunting license.
    B. Except as modified by the Service rules adopted in response to 
this proposal, these amended regulations parallel all Federal 
regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20. Shooting hours will be from 
one-half hour before sunrise to sunset.
    C. Particular regulations of note include:
    (1) Nontoxic shot will be required for all waterfowl hunting by 
tribal members.
    (2) Tribal members in each zone will comply with tribal regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas. These 
regulations generally incorporate the same restrictions contained in 
parallel State regulations.
    D. Tribal members hunting in Michigan will comply with tribal codes 
that contain provisions parallel to Michigan law regarding duck blinds 
and decoys.
    E. Possession limits are twice the daily bag limits.

    (j) The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Petoskey, 
Michigan (Tribal Members Only).

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 ducks, including no more than 5 hen mallards, 
5 black ducks, 5 redheads, 5 wood ducks, 5 pintail, 5 scaup, and 5 
canvasback.

Mergansers

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 mergansers, including no more than 5 hooded 
mergansers.

Coots and Gallinules

    Season Dates: Open September 15 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 8, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 in the aggregate.

Sora and Virginia Rails

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 15.

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 14, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 15.

Woodcock

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 1, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10.

Sandhill Cranes

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 1, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: One.

    General: Possession limits are twice the daily bag limits.

    (k) Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lower Brule Reservation, Lower Brule, 
South Dakota (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).
Tribal Members

Ducks, Mergansers, and Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Six ducks, including no more than 
two hen mallard and five mallards total, two pintail, two redheads, two 
canvasback, three wood ducks, three scaup, two bonus teal during 
October 6 through 21, 2018, and one mottled duck Coot daily bag limit 
is 15. Merganser daily bag limit is five, including no more than two 
hooded mergansers. The possession limit is three times the daily bag 
limit.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 and 18, respectively.

White-Fronted Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and six, respectively.

Light Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.

[[Page 42798]]

    Daily Bag Limit: 20.
Nontribal Hunters

Ducks (Including Mergansers and Coots)

    Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through January 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Six ducks, including five mallards 
(no more of which can be two hen mallard), three scaup, two canvasback, 
two redheads, three wood ducks, one mottled duck, one pintail, and two 
bonus blue-winged teal during October 7, through October 22, 2018. Coot 
daily bag limit is 15. Merganser daily bag limit is five, including no 
more than two hooded mergansers. The possession limit is three times 
the daily bag limit.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 27, 2018, through February 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 and 18, respectively.

White-Fronted Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 27, 2018, through January 22, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and six, respectively.

Light Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 27, 2018, through February 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 50 and no possession limit.
    General Conditions: All hunters must comply with the basic Federal 
migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20, including the use 
of steel shot and shooting hours. Nontribal hunters must possess a 
validated Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp. The Lower 
Brule Sioux Tribe has an official Conservation Code that hunters must 
adhere to when hunting in areas subject to control by the Tribe.

    (l) [Reserved]

    (m) Makah Indian Tribe, Neah Bay, Washington (Tribal Members).

Band-Tailed Pigeons

    Season Dates: Open September 22 through October 21, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: Two band-tailed pigeons.

Ducks and Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 22, 2018, through January 27, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: Seven ducks including no more than five mallards 
(only two of which can be a hen), one redhead, one pintail, three 
scaup, and one canvasback. The seasons on wood duck and harlequin are 
closed. The coot daily bag limit is 25.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 22, 2018, through January 27, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: Four, including no more than one brant. The 
seasons on Aleutian and dusky Canada geese are closed.
General Conditions
    All other Federal regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20 apply. 
The following restrictions also apply:
    1. As per Makah Ordinance 44, only shotguns may be used to hunt any 
species of waterfowl. Additionally, shotguns must not be discharged 
within 300 feet of an occupied area.
    2. Hunters must be eligible, enrolled Makah tribal members and must 
carry their Indian Treaty Fishing and Hunting Identification Card while 
hunting. No tags or permits are required to hunt waterfowl.
    3. The use of live decoys and/or baiting to pursue any species of 
waterfowl is prohibited.
    4. Only Service approved nontoxic shot is allowed; the use of lead 
shot is prohibited.
    5. The use of dogs is permitted to hunt waterfowl.
    6. Shooting hours for all species of waterfowl are one-half hour 
before sunrise to sunset.
    7. Open hunting areas are: Makah Reservation except for designated 
wilderness areas and within one mile of the Cape Flattery and Shi-shi 
Trails. Off-Reservation Hunting Areas as specified in the General 
Hunting Regulations.

    (n) Navajo Nation, Navajo Indian Reservation, Window Rock, Arizona 
(Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters).

Band-Tailed Pigeons

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through September 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 5 and 10 pigeons, respectively.

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through September 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 20 doves, respectively.

Ducks (Including Mergansers and Coots)

    Season Dates: Open September 22, 2018, through January 7, 2019.

Scaup

    Season Dates: Open September 22 through December 17, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Seven ducks, including no more 
than two hen mallards, one mottled duck, two canvasback, three scaup 
(when open), two redheads, and one pintail. Coot daily bag limit is 25. 
Merganser daily bag limit is seven. The possession limit is three times 
the daily bag limit.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 22, 2018, through January 7, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 4 and 12, respectively.

    General Conditions: Tribal and nontribal hunters will comply with 
all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20, 
regarding shooting hours and manner of taking. In addition, each 
waterfowl hunter 16 years of age or over must carry on his/her person a 
valid Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (Duck Stamp) signed 
in ink across the face. Special regulations established by the Navajo 
Nation also apply on the reservation.

    (o) Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin, Oneida, Wisconsin (Tribal 
Members Only).

Ducks (Including Mergansers)

    Season Dates: Open September 15 through December 2, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Six, including no more than six 
mallards (three hen mallards), six wood ducks, one redhead, two 
pintail, and one hooded merganser. The possession limit is twice the 
daily bag limit.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 5 Canada geese with a possession 
limit of 10. A seasonal quota of 500 birds is adopted. If the quota is 
reached before the season concludes, the season will be closed at that 
time.

Woodcock

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 4, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and four woodcock, 
respectively.

Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 4, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 20 doves, respectively.

    General Conditions: Tribal member shooting hours are one-half hour 
before sunrise to 15 minutes after sunset. Nontribal members hunting on 
the Reservation or on lands under the jurisdiction of the Tribe must 
comply with all State of Wisconsin regulations, including season dates, 
shooting hours, and bag limits, which differ from tribal member 
seasons. Tribal members and

[[Page 42799]]

nontribal members hunting on the Reservation or on lands under the 
jurisdiction of the Tribe will observe all basic Federal migratory bird 
hunting regulations found in 50 CFR part 20, with the following 
exceptions: Tribal members are exempt from the purchase of the 
Migratory Waterfowl Hunting and Conservation Stamp (Duck Stamp); and 
shotgun capacity is not limited to three shells.

    (p) Point No Point Treaty Council, Kingston, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).
Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Seven ducks, including no more 
than one harlequin duck per season.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 9, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Four geese, and may include no 
more than three light geese. The season on dusky Canada geese is 
closed. Possession limit is twice the daily bag limit.

Brant

    Season Dates: Open January 10 through January 25, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and four, respectively.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 13, 2018, through February 1, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 and 50 coots, respectively.

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 13, 2018, through January 18, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 20 doves, respectively.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 13, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 8 and 16 snipe, respectively.

Band-Tailed Pigeons

    Season Dates: Open September 13, 2018, through January 18, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and four pigeons, 
respectively.
Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Seven ducks, including no more 
than one harlequin duck per season.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Four geese, and may include no 
more than three light geese. The season on dusky Canada geese is 
closed. Possession limit is twice the daily bag limit.

Brant

    Season Dates: Open November 9, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and four, respectively.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 7 and 14 coots, respectively.

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 20 doves, respectively.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 8 and 16 snipe, respectively.

Band-Tailed Pigeons

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and four pigeons, 
respectively.

    General: Tribal members must possess a tribal hunting permit from 
the Point No Point Tribal Council pursuant to tribal law. Hunting hours 
are from one-half hour before sunrise to sunset. Hunters must observe 
all other basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR 
part 20.

    (q) The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, Isabella 
Reservation, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan (Tribal Members Only).

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 25 doves.

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20, including no more than 5 hen mallard, 5 wood 
duck, 5 black duck, 5 pintail, 5 redhead, 5 scaup, and 5 canvasback.

Mergansers

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10, including no more than 5 hooded mergansers.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 in the aggregate.

Coots and Gallinule

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 in the aggregate.

Woodcock

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10.

Common Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 16.

Sora and Virginia Rails

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 in the aggregate.

Sandhill Crane

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: One.
    General: Possession limits are twice the daily bag limits except 
for rails, of which the possession limit equals the daily bag limit 
(20). Tribal members must possess a tribal hunting permit from the 
Saginaw Tribe pursuant to tribal law. Shooting hours are one-half hour 
before sunrise until one-half hour after sunset. Hunters must observe 
all other basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR 
part 20.

    (r) Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe, Darrington, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: Five geese.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limit: 25 coots.

Brant

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: Five brant.
    General: Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise until one-
half hour after sunset. Hunters must observe all other basic Federal 
migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20.


[[Page 42800]]


    (s) Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Sault Ste. Marie, 
Michigan (Tribal Members Only).

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 14, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 doves.

Teal

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 in the aggregate

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 15 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20, including no more than 10 mallards (only 5 of 
which may be hens), 5 canvasback, 5 black duck, and 5 wood duck.

Mergansers

    Season Dates: Open September 15 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 in the aggregate.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 in the aggregate.

Coots and Gallinule

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 in the aggregate.

Woodcock

    Season Dates: Open September 2 through December 1, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10.

Common Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 15 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 16.

Sora and Virginia Rails

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 20 in the aggregate.
    General: Possession limits are twice the daily bag limits except 
for rails, of which the possession limit equals the daily bag limit 
(20). Tribal members must possess a tribal hunting permit from the 
Sault Ste. Marie Tribe pursuant to tribal law. Shooting hours are one-
half hour before sunrise until one-half hour after sunset. Hunters must 
observe all other basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 
50 CFR part 20.

    (t) Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, Fort Hall Indian Reservation, Fort 
Hall, Idaho (Nontribal Hunters).

Ducks, Including Mergansers

    Duck Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through January 18, 2019.
    Scaup Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through December 31, 
2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Seven ducks and mergansers, 
including no more than two hen mallards, two pintail, three scaup (when 
open), two canvasback, and two redheads. The possession limit is three 
times the daily bag limit.

Coots

    Season Dates: Same as ducks.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 coots. The possession limit is 
three times the daily bag limit.

Common Snipe

    Season Dates: Same as ducks.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 8 and 24 snipe, respectively.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through January 18, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 4 and 12, respectively.

White-Fronted Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through January 18, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 30, respectively.

Light Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 6, 2018, through January 18, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20 and 60, respectively.

    General Conditions: Nontribal hunters must comply with all basic 
Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20 regarding 
shooting hours and manner of taking. In addition, each waterfowl hunter 
16 years of age or older must possess a valid Migratory Bird Hunting 
and Conservation Stamp (Duck Stamp) signed in ink across the stamp 
face. Other regulations established by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes also 
apply on the reservation.

    (u) Skokomish Tribe, Shelton, Washington (Tribal Members Only).

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 16, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Seven ducks, including no more 
than two hen mallards, one pintail, one canvasback, and two redheads. 
The daily bag limit on harlequin duck is one per season. The possession 
limit is twice the daily bag limit.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 16, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Four including no more than three 
light geese. The season on Aleutian Canada geese is closed. The 
possession limit is twice the daily bag limit.

Brant

    Season Dates: Open November 1, 2018, through February 15, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 2 and 4 brant, respectively.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 16, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 and 50 coots, respectively.

Mourning Dove

    Season Dates: Open September 16, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 20 mourning dove, 
respectively.

Band-Tailed Pigeon

    Season Dates: Open September 16, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and four band-tailed pigeon, 
respectively.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 16, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 8 and 16 Snipe, respectively.

    General Conditions: Tribal members must possess a tribal hunting 
permit from the Skokomish Indian Tribe pursuant to tribal law. Shooting 
hours are one-half hour before sunrise until sunset. Hunters must 
observe all other basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations in 
50 CFR part 20.

    (v) Spokane Tribe of Indians, Wellpinit, Washington (Tribal Members 
Only).

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 2, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Seven ducks, including no more 
than two hen mallards, two pintail, three scaup, two canvasback, and 
two redheads. The daily bag limit on harlequin duck is one per season. 
The possession limit is twice the daily bag limit.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 2, 2018, through January 31, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Four Canada geese, 10 White-
fronted geese, and 20 light geese. The possession limit is twice the 
daily bag limit.

    General Conditions: Tribal members must possess a tribal hunting 
permit from the Spokane Indian Tribe pursuant

[[Page 42801]]

to tribal law. Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise until 
sunset. Hunters must observe all other basic Federal migratory bird 
hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20.
    (w) [Reserved]

    (x) Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians, Arlington, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).

Common Snipe

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 30, respectively.

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 ducks. The possession limit is 
three times the daily bag limit.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 coots. The possession limit is 
three times the daily bag limit.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through March 10, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 6 and 18, respectively. The season 
on brant is closed.

    General Conditions: Tribal members hunting on lands will observe 
all basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations found in 50 CFR 
part 20, which will be enforced by the Stillaguamish Tribal Law 
Enforcement. Tribal members are required to use steel shot or a 
nontoxic shot as required by Federal regulations.

    (y) Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, LaConner, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).
Ceded Territory and Swinomish Reservation

Ducks and Mergansers

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20 and 40, respectively.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 and 20 geese, respectively.

Brant

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 5 and 10 brant, respectively.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 and 75 coots, respectively.

Mourning Dove

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 and 30 mourning dove, 
respectively.

Band-Tailed Pigeon

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Three and six band-tailed pigeon, 
respectively.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through March 9, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 and 30 snipe, respectively.

    General Conditions: Shooting hours are from 30 minutes before 
sunrise until 30 minutes after sunset. Tribal members are required to 
use steel shot or a nontoxic shot as required by Federal regulations.

    (z) The Tulalip Tribes of Washington, Tulalip Indian Reservation, 
Marysville, Washington (Tribal Members Only).

Ducks and Mergansers

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 ducks, including no more than 
10 pintail, 10 canvasback, and ten wood ducks, and 10 blue-winged teal. 
Possession limit is twice the daily bag limit.

Sea Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 sea ducks, including no more 
than 10 harlequin. Possession limit is twice the daily bag limit.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 geese, including no more than 
10 Cackling Canada geese or 10 Dusky Canada geese. Possession limit is 
twice the daily bag limit.

Brant

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Five and ten brant, respectively.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 25 and 25 coots, respectively.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 8 and 16 snipe, respectively.

    General Conditions: All tribal hunters must have a valid Tribal 
identification card on his or her person while hunting. All nontribal 
hunters must obtain and possess while hunting a valid Tulalip Tribe 
hunting permit and be accompanied by a Tulalip Tribal member. Shooting 
hours are one-half hour before sunrise to sunset, and steel or 
federally-approved nontoxic shot is required for all migratory bird 
hunting. Hunters must observe all other basic Federal migratory bird 
hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20.

    (aa) Upper Skagit Indian Tribe, Sedro Woolley, Washington (Tribal 
Members Only).

Mourning Doves

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 31, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 12 and 15 mourning doves, 
respectively.

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 15 and 20, respectively.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through February 15, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 20 and 30, respectively.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 7 and 10 geese, respectively.

Brant

    Season Dates: Open November 1 through 10, 2018.
    Daily Bag and Possession Limits: Two and two, respectively.

    General Conditions: Tribal members must have the tribal 
identification and harvest report card on their person to hunt. Tribal 
members hunting on the Reservation will observe all basic Federal 
migratory bird hunting regulations found in 50 CFR part 20, except 
shooting hours would be 15 minutes before official sunrise to 15 
minutes after official sunset.


[[Page 42802]]


    (bb) Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head, Aquinnah, Massachusetts (Tribal 
Members Only).

Teal

    Season Dates: Open October 8, 2018, through February 16, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 10 teal.

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open October 8, 2018, through February 16, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: Six ducks, including no more than four hen 
mallards, six black ducks, four mottled ducks, one fulvous whistling 
duck, four mergansers, three scaup, two hooded merganser, three wood 
ducks, one canvasback, two redheads, and two pintail. The season is 
closed for harlequin ducks.

Sea Ducks

    Season Dates: Open October 1, 2018, through February 16, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: Seven ducks including no more than four of any 
one species (only one of which may be a hen eider).

Woodcock

    Season Dates: Open October 8 through November 24, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: Three woodcock.

Canada Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 3 through 15, 2018, and open October 
22, 2018, through February 16, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: Eight Canada geese.

Snow Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 3 through 13, 2018, and open November 
19, 2018, through February 16, 2019.
    Daily Bag Limits: 15 snow geese.

Sora and Virginia Rails

    Season Dates: Open September 3 through November 3, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: 5 sora and 10 Virginia rails.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 3 through December 8, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limits: Eight snipe.

    General Conditions: Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise 
to sunset. Nontoxic shot is required. All other basic Federal migratory 
bird hunting regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20 will be observed.

    (cc) White Earth Band of Ojibwe, White Earth, Minnesota (Tribal 
Members Only).

Ducks

    Season Dates: Open September 8 through December 16, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit for Ducks: 10 ducks, including no more than 2 
female mallards, 2 pintail, and 2 canvasback.

Mergansers

    Season Dates: Open September 8 through December 16, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit for Mergansers: Five mergansers, including no more 
than two hooded mergansers.

Geese

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through December 15, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 geese through September 221, and 5 thereafter.

Coots

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 coots.

Snipe

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 snipe.

Mourning Dove

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 25 mourning dove.

Woodcock

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 woodcock.

Rail

    Season Dates: Open September 1 through November 30, 2018.
    Daily Bag Limit: 25 rail.

    General Conditions: Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise 
to one-half hour after sunset. Nontoxic shot is required. All other 
basic Federal migratory bird hunting regulations contained in 50 CFR 
part 20 will be observed.

    Dated: August 17, 2018.
Andrea Travnicek,
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary--Water and Science, Exercising the 
Authority of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks .
[FR Doc. 2018-18382 Filed 8-23-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4333-15-P