[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 121 (Friday, June 22, 2018)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 29048-29056]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-13430]
========================================================================
Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
========================================================================
Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 121 / Friday, June 22, 2018 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 29048]]
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 431
[EERE-2017-BT-TP-0029]
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Water-Source Heat
Pumps
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Request for information (RFI).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') is initiating a data
collection process through this RFI to consider whether to amend DOE's
test procedure for commercial water-source heat pumps (``WSHPs''). To
inform interested parties and to facilitate this process, DOE has
gathered data, identifying several issues associated with the currently
applicable test procedure on which DOE is interested in receiving
comment. The issues outlined in this document mainly concern: Methods
that are incorporated by reference by the applicable industry standard;
efficiency metrics and calculations; additional specifications for the
test methods; and any additional topics that may inform DOE's decisions
in a future test procedure rulemaking, including methods to reduce
regulatory burden while ensuring the test procedure's accuracy. DOE
welcomes written comments from the public on any subject within the
scope of this document (including topics not raised in this RFI).
DATES: Written comments and information are requested and will be
accepted on or before July 23, 2018.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow
the instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested
persons may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2017-BT-
TP-0029, by any of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
Email: [email protected]. Include the docket
number EERE-2017-BT-TP-0029 in the subject line of the message.
Postal Mail: Appliance and Equipment Standards Program,
U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop EE-
5B, Test Procedure RFI for Water-Source Heat Pumps, Docket No. EERE-
2017-BT-TP-0029, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-
0121. If possible, please submit all items on a compact disc (``CD''),
in which case it is not necessary to include printed copies.
Hand Delivery/Courier: Appliance and Equipment Standards
Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, 950
L'Enfant Plaza SW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202)
287-1445. If possible, please submit all items on a CD, in which case
it is not necessary to include printed copies.
No telefacsimilies (faxes) will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the
rulemaking process, see section III of this document.
Docket: The docket for this activity, which includes Federal
Register notices, comments, and other supporting documents/materials,
is available for review at http://www.regulations.gov. All documents in
the docket are listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index. However,
some documents listed in the index, such as those containing
information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not be publicly
available.
The docket web page can be found at: https://www.regulations.gov/docketBrowser?rpp=25&po=0&D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0029. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access all documents, including public
comments, in the docket. See section III of this document for
information on how to submit comments through http://www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Antonio Bouza, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-4563. Email: [email protected].
Mr. Eric Stas, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585.
Telephone: (202) 586-9507. Email: [email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, or review other
public comments and the docket, contact the Appliance and Equipment
Standards Program staff at (202) 287-1445 or by email:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
A. Authority and Background
B. Rulemaking History
II. Request for Information
A. Scope and Definitions
B. Energy Efficiency Descriptor
1. Fan Energy Use
2. Integrated Efficiency Metrics
C. Test Procedure
1. ISO 13256-1:1998
2. Potential for Harmonization With ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009
3. Accounting for Compressor Heat When Testing Split Systems
4. Refrigerant Line Losses
5. Standardized Heat Capacity for Water
6. Discharge Coefficients for Airflow Measurement
7. Duct Loss Adjustments
8. Water Flow Rate
9. Indoor Air Measurements
10. Refrigerant Charging
11. Voltage
D. Other Test Procedure Topics
III. Submission of Comments
I. Introduction
WSHPs are included in the list of ``covered equipment'' for which
DOE is authorized to establish and amend energy efficiency standards
and test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(B)-(D)) DOE's test procedure
for WSHPs is prescribed at title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(``CFR'') Sec. 431.96. The following sections discuss DOE's authority
to establish and amend test procedures for WSHPs, as well as relevant
background information regarding DOE's consideration of test procedures
for this equipment.
[[Page 29049]]
A. Authority and Background
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (``EPCA'' or ``the
Act''),\1\ Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6291-6317, as codified), among
other things, authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a
number of consumer products and industrial equipment. Title III, Part C
\2\ of EPCA, added by Public Law 95-619, Title IV, section 441(a),
established the Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial
Equipment, which sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve
energy efficiency. This equipment includes small, large, and very large
commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment, which
include the WSHPs that are the subject of this notice. (42 U.S.C.
6311(1)(B)-(D))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015
(EEIA 2015), Public Law 114-11 (April 30, 2015).
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was redesignated Part A-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under EPCA, DOE's energy conservation program consists essentially
of four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy
conservation standards, and (4) certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of the Act include definitions (42
U.S.C. 6311), energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), test
procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315), and
the authority to require information and reports from manufacturers (42
U.S.C. 6316).
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers
of Federal preemption for particular State laws or regulations, in
accordance with the procedures and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6316(b)(2)(D))
The DOE testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6316(b); 42 U.S.C. 6296), and (2) making representations about the
efficiency of that equipment (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)). Similarly, DOE must
use these test procedures to determine whether the equipment complies
with relevant standards promulgated under EPCA.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE is required to follow when prescribing or amending test procedures
for covered equipment. EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this section must be reasonably designed to
produce test results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use, or
estimated annual operating cost of covered equipment during a
representative average use cycle or period of use and requires that
test procedures not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(2))
In addition, if DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is
warranted, it must publish proposed test procedures and offer the
public an opportunity to present oral and written comments on them. (42
U.S.C. 6314(b))
As discussed, WSHPs are a category of commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment. EPCA requires that the test
procedures for commercial package air conditioning and heating
equipment be those generally accepted industry testing procedures or
rating procedures developed or recognized by the Air-Conditioning,
Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) or by the American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), as
referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1, ``Energy Standard for Buildings
Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings'' (ASHRAE Standard 90.1). (42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A)) Further, if such an industry test procedure is
amended, DOE must amend its test procedure to be consistent with the
amended industry test procedure, unless DOE determines, by rule
published in the Federal Register and supported by clear and convincing
evidence, that such amended test procedure would not meet the
requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2) and (3) related to representative
use and test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered equipment, including WSHPs, to
determine whether amended test procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for the test procedures to not be
unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency, energy use, and estimated
operating costs during a representative average use cycle. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(1)) In addition, if DOE determines that a test procedure
amendment is warranted, it must publish proposed test procedures and
offer the public an opportunity to present oral and written comments on
them. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b)) If DOE determines that test procedure
revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish its determination not
to amend the test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)(A)(ii)) DOE is
publishing this RFI to collect data and information to inform its
decision in satisfaction of the 7-year review requirement specified in
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1))
B. Rulemaking History
DOE sets forth the test procedure for WSHPs with a cooling capacity
less than 135,000 Btu/h at 10 CFR 431.96. The DOE test procedure
currently incorporates by reference International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) Standard 13256-1 (1998), ``Water-source heat
pumps-Testing and rating for performance-Part 1: Water-to-air and
brine-to-air heat pumps,'' (ISO 13256-1:1998) and includes additional
provisions for equipment set-up at 10 CFR 431.96(e). Paragraph (e) of
10 CFR 431.96 provides specifications for addressing key information
typically found in the installation and operation manuals.
DOE initially incorporated ISO 13256-1:1998 as the referenced test
procedure for WSHPs on October 21, 2004 (69 FR 61962), and DOE last
reviewed the test procedure for WSHPs as part of a final rule for test
procedures for commercial package air conditioners and heat pumps
published on May 16, 2012 (77 FR 28928). Since then, the relevant
industry standards have undergone a reevaluation process which did not
result in substantive changes to the referenced standards. (See section
II.C.1 of this RFI for a more complete explanation of the industry
update process.) Because these actions by the relevant industry
standard-setting bodies contained no substantive changes to the
industry standard already incorporated by reference, DOE has
tentatively concluded that the statutory trigger provisions of 42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B) do not provide a basis for DOE to review its WSHP
test procedure at this time. Therefore, if DOE determines, based upon
its assessment of the information submitted in response to this RFI,
that a rulemaking is necessary for a reevaluation of the WSHP test
procedure, DOE would conduct such review under EPCA's 7-year-lookback
authority. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1))
II. Request for Information
In the following sections, DOE has identified a variety of issues
on which it seeks input to aid in the development of the technical and
economic analyses regarding whether amended test
[[Page 29050]]
procedures for WSHPs may be warranted. Specifically, DOE is requesting
comment on any opportunities to streamline and simplify testing
requirements for WSHPs.
Additionally, DOE welcomes comments on other issues relevant to the
conduct of this process that may not specifically be identified in this
document. In particular, DOE notes that under Executive Order 13771,
``Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs,'' Executive
Branch agencies such as DOE are directed to manage the costs associated
with the imposition of expenditures required to comply with Federal
regulations. See 82 FR 9339 (Feb. 3, 2017). Pursuant to that Executive
Order, DOE encourages the public to provide input on measures DOE could
take to lower the cost of its regulations applicable to WSHPs
consistent with the requirements of EPCA.
A. Scope and Definition
This RFI covers WSHPs, which DOE defines at 10 CFR 431.92, as a
single-phase or three-phase reverse-cycle heat pump that uses a
circulating water loop as the heat source for heating and as the heat
sink for cooling. The main components are a compressor, refrigerant-to-
water heat exchanger, refrigerant-to-air heat exchanger, refrigerant
expansion devices, refrigerant reversing valve, and indoor fan. Such
equipment includes, but is not limited to, water-to-air water-loop heat
pumps.
DOE notes that while the current Federal test procedure and energy
conservation standards at 10 CFR 431.96 and 431.97 apply only to those
WSHPs with a rated cooling capacity below 135,000 Btu/h (i.e., within
the covered equipment type of small commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment; 42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(B)), WSHPs also meet the
definitions of the covered equipment types large and very large
commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6311(8)(A), (C)-(D)) DOE understands that the market for WSHPs greater
than 135,000 Btu/h may be limited, but DOE has identified some models
on the market in the larger capacity range. Therefore, DOE may consider
expanding the scope of the WSHP TP to include WSHPs with cooling
capacity equal to or greater than 135,000 Btu/h.
Issue 1: DOE seeks data on the size of the market for WSHPs with a
cooling capacity equal to or greater than 135,000 Btu/h. DOE also
requests comment on whether there are any limitations, not otherwise
captured in this RFI, associated with testing WSHPs in this large and
very large capacity range.
B. Energy Efficiency Descriptor
For WSHPs, the cooling metric currently specified by DOE is the
energy efficiency ratio (EER). 10 CFR 431.96. EER is the ratio of the
produced cooling effect of the WSHP to its net work input, expressed in
Btu/watt-hour, and measured at standard rating conditions. The heating
mode metric currently specified by DOE for WSHPs is the coefficient of
performance (COP). Id. COP is the ratio of the produced heating effect
of the WSHP to its network input, when both are expressed in identical
units of measurement, and measured at standard rating conditions.
1. Fan Energy Use
DOE is aware that the energy use of field-installed fans will vary
based on the use of the fan for various functions (e.g., economizing,
ventilation, filtration, and auxiliary heat). Consequently, DOE is
investigating whether changes to the WSHP test procedure are needed to
properly characterize a representative average use cycle, including
changes to more accurately represent fan energy use in field
applications. DOE also seeks comment on any anticipated burdens
associated with such potential changes to the WSHPs test procedure. DOE
also requests information as to the extent that accounting for the
energy use of fans in commercial equipment such as WSHPs would be
additive of other existing accounting of fan energy use. DOE also seeks
information as to whether accounting for the energy use of fan
operation in WSHPs would alter measured efficiency, and if so, to what
extent.
Issue 2: DOE requests data and information regarding what form(s)
of auxiliary heating are installed in WSHPs, how frequently they
operate, and whether they operate independently of the WSHP.
Additionally, DOE requests data and information on how frequently WSHP
supply fans are operated when there is no demand for heating or cooling
(i.e., for fresh air ventilation or air circulation/filtration).
Issue 3: DOE requests data and information on the typical operating
schedules or duty cycles for WSHP supply fans when there is no demand
for heating or cooling. DOE also seeks comment and information
regarding the use of the indoor supply fan of WSHPs for any ancillary
functions not mentioned above.
ISO 13256-1:1998 uses a fan power adjustment calculation to exclude
fan power used for overcoming external resistance on ducted equipment.
As a result, the calculation of efficiency only includes the fan power
required to overcome the internal resistance of the unit. Similarly,
only liquid pump power required to overcome the internal resistance of
the unit is included in the effective power input used for efficiency
calculation for WSHPs.
ISO 13256-1:1998 does not provide minimum external static pressure
(ESP) requirements for ducted equipment; however, Table 9 of ISO 13256-
1:1998 includes an operating tolerance (i.e., maximum variation of
individual reading from rating conditions) and a condition tolerance
(i.e., maximum variation of arithmetical average values from specified
test conditions) for external resistance to airflow. ISO 13256-1:1998
does not specify to which values of ESP these tolerances are intended
to apply.
Issue 4: DOE requests comment on whether the test procedure for
WSHPs should include minimum ESP requirements for the indoor fan, and
if so, what values would be representative of field installations. DOE
seeks information on whether field ESP values typically vary with
capacity, and whether fan power used for overcoming ESP should be
included in the efficiency calculation for WSHPs intended to be used
with ducting. Similarly, DOE seeks information on what ESP values are
typical in field installations for the liquid pump and whether any
allowance for external liquid pressure drop should be considered in the
efficiency metric.
DOE is aware that some WSHPs may be installed with or without
indoor air distribution ducts in the field. Depending on the type of
installation, the test method specified in ISO 13256-1:1998 differs;
section 4.1.2 of ISO 13256-1:1998 specifies provisions for WSHPs
installed without ducts, and section 4.1.3 of that standard specifies
provisions for WSHPs installed with ducts. DOE's preliminary research
has not revealed any physical characteristics of WSHPs that distinguish
them as being suitable for installation with ducts, without ducts, or
both. ISO 13256-1:1998 does not specify how to determine whether a WSHP
is to be tested using the ducted or non-ducted provisions.
Issue 5: DOE requests comment on what, if any, physical
characteristics distinguish WSHPs that are suitable for installation
with ducts from those suitable for installation without ducts. DOE also
requests comment on whether any WSHP models can be installed either
with or without indoor air
[[Page 29051]]
distribution ducts. If models exist that can be installed both with or
without ducts, DOE requests comment on whether manufacturers test such
models using the provisions of section 4.1.2 of ISO 13256-1:1998, which
is for heat pumps without duct connection, or using the provisions of
section 4.1.3 of that standard for heat pumps with duct connection, or
test such models using both provisions of sections 4.1.2 and 4.1.3.
ISO 13256-1:1998 provides requirements for airflow rates in section
4.1.5, including that: (a) Non-ducted heat pumps shall be tested at
airflow rates obtained at zero ESP; (b) ducted heat pumps with internal
fans or with designated air movers be tested at the airflow rates
obtained at zero ESP or the manufacturer-specified airflow rate,
whichever is lower, and (c) ducted heat pumps without internal fans
shall be tested at the manufacturer-specified airflow rate subject to a
maximum internal pressure drop. Additionally, paragraph (e)(2) of 10
CFR 431.96 requires that the airflow rate used for testing must be
specified by the manufacturer in the installation and operation manuals
being shipped to the commercial customer. ISO 13256-1:1998 does not
indicate what speed setting should be used to achieve specified airflow
for a fan with more than one speed setting. Also, in some cases, the
airflow rate and pressure conditions specified by ISO 13256-1:1998 for
a given ducted heat pump without an internal fan may not be achievable
simultaneously. For example, the manufacturer-specified airflow may not
be achievable below the maximum internal pressure drop specified in
section 4.1.5.3 of ISO 13256-1:1998. ISO 13256-1:1998 does not provide
an approach for simultaneously achieving the specified airflow rate and
pressure conditions for such a case.
Issue 6: DOE requests comment on whether WSHP indoor fans typically
have multiple speed settings, and if so, how manufacturers decide which
speed setting to use during testing. Further, DOE requests comment on
how the specified airflow is achieved during testing if none of the
speed settings available with the indoor fan produce the specified
airflow at the specified internal or external static pressure (when
applicable).
ISO 13256-1:1998 uses a fan efficiency value of 0.3 x 10\3\ Pascal-
liters per second per watt to calculate the fan power associated with
internal or external airflow resistance (see sections 4.1.3.1 and
4.1.3.2 of that test standard, respectively). However, DOE recognizes
that fan and motor technology is evolving, including associated
improvements in efficiency. Consequently, the fan efficiency value used
in ISO 13256-1:1998 may not be reflective of these improvements for
WSHPs that include an integral fan/motor that is based on new, more-
efficient technology. On the other hand, DOE notes that for other air-
conditioners and heat pumps (e.g., central air-conditioners), indoor
units that do not include integrated fans (i.e., coil-only units) are
often installed with an existing, external fan that is part of a
furnace. The furnace is not always replaced when the new indoor unit is
installed. In these cases, the efficiency of the external fan (i.e.,
the furnace fan) reflects performance of past fan technology. This
scenario may or may not be relevant for WSHPs.
Issue 7: DOE seeks comment and data on whether the fan/motor
efficiency factor used in the calculation of fan power for WSHPs is
representative of units currently on the market and whether the value
accurately represents the efficiency of existing fans that are not
replaced in WSHP installations. DOE also requests comment on whether
indoor fans are typically replaced when coil-only WSHPs are installed.
DOE also seeks comment regarding potential test approaches that might
lead to more direct representation of efficiency of the fan/motor
combination under test instead of relying on a single factor for all
units.
DOE notes that all of the issues considered in this section address
potential changes to the test procedure for WSHPs that could be
reflected in the cooling and/or heating efficiency metrics (i.e., EER
or integrated energy efficiency ratio (IEER; see section II.B.2), and
COP) for WSHPs in order to make them more representative of the energy
contributions of all operating modes. This approach would not regulate
the fans separately from the end-use equipment (i.e., the WSHP).
Issue 8: Assuming DOE has authority to address fans embedded in
other commercial equipment such as WSHPs (a conclusion the agency has
not yet reached), DOE is interested in receiving comment and other
information on this topic. DOE requests comment on whether any of the
issues considered in this section would result in double-regulation of
the energy use of fans in WSHPs, and if so, how. DOE further seeks
comment as to whether or what portion of such fan operation is part of
a ``representative average use cycle'' of a WSHP. DOE also seeks
comment as to whether accounting for the energy use of fan operation in
WSHPs would alter measured efficiency, and if so, to what extent.
2. Integrated Efficiency Metrics
DOE's test procedure for WSHPs does not include part-load
conditions nor a seasonal metric that includes part-load performance. A
seasonal metric is a weighted average of the performance of cooling or
heating systems at different rating points intended to represent
average efficiency over a full cooling or heating season. Several
categories of commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment
are rated using a seasonal metric, such as the IEER for air cooled
commercial unitary air conditioners as discussed in section 6.2 of AHRI
Standard 340/360-2015, ``2015 Standard for Performance Rating of
Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment,'' (``AHRI 340/360-2015''). IEER is a weighted average of
efficiency at the four load levels representing 100, 75, 50, and 25
percent of full-load capacity, each measured at an outdoor air
condition representative of field operation at the given load level.
Issue 9: DOE requests information on whether a seasonal efficiency
metric that incorporates part-load performance would be appropriate for
WSHPs. DOE also requests input on the specific details of a seasonal
energy efficiency metric that would best represent the average cooling
seasonal efficiency of WSHPs, including specification of test
conditions.
C. Test Procedure
1. ISO 13256-1:1998
At this time, ISO 13256-1:1998 is still the most current industry
standard relevant to water-source heat pumps. In 2012, AHRI and ASHRAE
reaffirmed ISO 13256-1:1998, and published a version denoted as ISO
13256-1:1998 (RA 2012). DOE tentatively determined that there are no
changes to ISO 13256-1:1998 in the reaffirmed 2012 version. ISO 13256-
1:1998 is also referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 as the test procedure
for testing and rating WSHPs. ASHRAE Standard 90.1 was updated on
October 26, 2016, and this update references the reaffirmed version of
ISO 13256-1:1998 that DOE tentatively determined contains no changes
from the version of ISO 13256-1:1998 referenced in the previous version
of ASHRAE Standard 90.1. Because neither of these actions by the
relevant industry standard-setting bodies contained substantive changes
to the industry standards already incorporated by reference, DOE has
tentatively concluded that the statutory trigger
[[Page 29052]]
provisions of 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B) do not require DOE to review its
WSHP test procedure at this time. Instead, if DOE determines, based
upon its assessment of the information submitted in response to the
RFI, that a rulemaking is necessary for a reevaluation of the WSHP test
procedure, DOE would conduct such review under EPCA's 7-year-lookback
authority. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1))
2. Potential for Harmonization With ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009
The test method used in ISO 13256-1:1998 is similar to the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI)/ASHRAE 37-2009, ``Methods of
Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and
Heat Pump Equipment'' (ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009). ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 is the
method referenced by the 2007 and 2015 versions of AHRI 340/360,
``Standard for Performance Rating of Commercial and Industrial Unitary
Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment'' (AHRI 340/360). The 2015
version of AHRI 340/360 is referenced by ASHRAE Standard 90.1 for
testing water-cooled commercial unitary air conditioners (WCUACs). DOE
is considering whether using the same method of test for WSHPs and
WCUACs is appropriate, given the similarities in the design of WSHPs
and WCUACs.
Issue 10: DOE seeks comment on whether a single test method could
be used for both WSHPs and WCUACs. DOE also seeks comment on any
aspects of design, installation, and application of WSHPs that would
make the use of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 infeasible for WSHPs.
ISO 13256-1:1998 determines total cooling and heating capacities by
averaging the results obtained using two test methods: The liquid
enthalpy test method for the liquid side tests and the indoor air
enthalpy test method for the air side tests. For non-ducted equipment,
ISO 13256-1:1998 includes an option for conducting the air-side tests
using the calorimeter room test method instead of the air enthalpy test
method. The test standard also specifies that, for a test to be valid,
the results obtained by the two methods used must agree within 5
percent. ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 requires two capacity measurements as well
(i.e., for units with cooling capacity less than 135,000 Btu/h); the
first method of measurement (i.e., the primary method) is used as the
determination of the unit's capacity, while the second measurement
(i.e., the secondary method) is used to confirm rather than to be
averaged with the primary measurement.
Issue 11: DOE requests information on whether one of the two
capacity measurements prescribed in ISO 13256-1:1998 consistently gives
a higher or lower result than the other or whether one of the methods
can be considered more accurate for a range of different WSHP
configurations and models. In addition, DOE requests comment on whether
the ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 approach for determination of rated capacity
(i.e., using the primary method's measurement as the rated capacity
rather than averaging the two capacity measurements) would result in
more representative ratings than the ISO 13256-1:1998 approach.
3. Accounting for Compressor Heat When Testing Split Systems
DOE has identified split-system WSHPs available on the market. For
at least one of these split-system WSHP, the unit containing the
compressor is intended for either indoor or outdoor installation. Where
the compressor is installed in relation to the conditioned space and
other system components impacts the capacity of the WSHP system and the
provisions necessary for accurately measuring system capacity. DOE is
considering whether the test procedure needs to provide additional
specifications for split systems in order to properly account for
compressor heat during testing of such WSHPs.
ISO 13256-1:1998 requires use of two methods to measure space-
conditioning capacity provided by a WSHP. One of these methods, the
indoor air enthalpy method (see normative annex B of ISO 13256-1:1998),
measures capacity directly by measuring mass flow and enthalpy change
of the indoor air.\3\ The second method, the liquid enthalpy test
method (see normative annex C of ISO 13256-1:1998), measures heat
transferred at the liquid coil. This measurement is adjusted by adding
or subtracting the total unit input power (including the compressor
input power) from the measured liquid side capacity in the heating or
cooling mode tests, respectively, using the equations in normative
annex C of ISO 13256-1:1998. This adjustment assumes that all
compressor heat is absorbed and ultimately transferred to the
conditioned space, increasing heating capacity or decreasing cooling
capacity. This ignores any heat transferred from the components (e.g.,
pump, fan, compressor, controls) to their surroundings that does not
contribute to space conditioning. ISO 13256-1:1998 may not accurately
account for component losses (in the form of heat) for the indoor air
enthalpy method either. The indoor air enthalpy method does not appear
to capture any impacts of the heat transferred by the components if the
equipment or the test facility are not designed or set up to ensure the
heat is captured.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ The alternative calorimeter room test method (see normative
annex E of ISO 13256-1:1998), allowed to be used instead of the
indoor air enthalpy method for ductless WSHPs, also measures indoor
space-conditioning capacity directly.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
For testing of single-package WSHPs, ISO 13256-1:1998 provides
specific instructions to ensure that all energy flows (including heat
transfer) are accounted for appropriately. Specifically, section F7.5
of ISO 13256-1:1998 indicates that an enclosure as shown in Figure F-3
should be used when the compressor is in the indoor section and
separately ventilated (i.e., air that absorbs compressor heat would not
combine with supply air, which is used to measure capacity). Figure F-3
shows an insulated enclosure surrounding the indoor unit that ensures
that separately-ventilated compressor air recombines with supply air to
be included in capacity measurements. Hence, the heat rejected from the
compressor shell is accounted for in the indoor air enthalpy method
measurement. This test arrangement also reflects field performance of
the WSHP because any compressor heat rejected to the indoors will heat
the space, reducing cooling capacity and increasing heating capacity.
For WSHPs where the compressor is in the indoor section but not
separately ventilated, the air that absorbs compressor heat combines
with supply air and is accounted for in the indoor air enthalpy
capacity measurements without the need for the enclosure in Figure F-3.
As discussed previously, for split-system WSHPs with the compressor
in the liquid coil section, some of the compressor heat may be
transferred to the ambient air surrounding the compressor/coil section
and, therefore, may not be captured in the space-conditioning
measurement. Under ISO 13256-1:1998, if a separate compressor/liquid
coil section is placed in the indoor room (as shown in Figure F-1 of
ISO 13256-1:1998), the compressor heat would not be captured by the
indoor air enthalpy method, even though it does add heat to the indoor
room. For a split-system WSHP for which the compressor/liquid coil
section is always installed indoors, this issue might be remedied by
using an arrangement similar to Figure F-3 and installing both the
compressor/liquid coil section and the indoor air section (i.e., the
section that includes the air-to-refrigerant coil) in the insulated
enclosure, so that any
[[Page 29053]]
heat associated with compressor cooling contributes to warming of the
indoor air.
In contrast, for a split-system WSHP for which the compressor/
liquid coil section is always installed outdoors, the air that absorbs
compressor heat would not directly affect the conditioned space. For
such a case, the arrangement of Figure F-1 of the test standard and
avoiding adjustments that assume that the compressor heat that is
absorbed by outdoor air is combined with supply air would be
appropriate. However, for such a case, ambient temperature conditions
surrounding the outdoor section in field installations would likely be
warmer than the indoor conditions specified in ISO 13256-1:1998 (or
cooler than indoor conditions when operating in heating mode), which
might affect system performance in a different way. In addition, adding
or subtracting the entire compressor input power to or from the
capacity calculated based on liquid temperature change likely
overestimates the impact of compressor power input on the indoor-side
capacity that is calculated using the liquid enthalpy-based method.
ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 also includes a capacity measurement method for
systems with outdoor coils that reject or absorb heat from a flowing
liquid. However, this ``outdoor liquid coil method'' may not be used if
the compressor is cooled (ventilated) by outdoor air (see ANSI/ASHRAE
37-2009, table 1 and section 7.6.1.2). This restriction applies because
determination of cooling or heating capacity for a system with outdoor-
air cooling of the compressor requires accounting for the compressor
heat transferred to the outdoor air, the measurement of which is not
specified in the outdoor liquid coil method. In contrast, ISO 13256-
1:1998 does not include any restrictions on use of the liquid enthalpy
test method--in fact, it is required for testing all WSHPs. The
approach may have to be modified to be suitable for split-system WSHPs
for which the compressor is housed in a section located outdoors.
Issue 12: DOE seeks comment on whether there are split-system WSHPs
on the market for which the unit containing the compressor is intended
only for outdoor installation or only for indoor installation (or
whether all such units can be used for either indoor or outdoor
installation). DOE also seeks information regarding manufacturers'
practices for testing split-system WSHPs for which the compressor is
not housed in the section containing the indoor refrigerant-to-air
coil. First, for units in which the compressor section is to be
installed outdoors, DOE seeks comment on whether manufacturers test
these units using ``outdoor'' rooms for the outdoor section, and, if
so, what outdoor room conditions are used for the test. Second, for
testing systems for which the compressor section is to be installed
indoors, DOE seeks comment regarding what provisions are adopted during
testing to properly account for the compressor heat. For both
situations, DOE also seeks comment on whether any adjustments are made
to the capacity equations in order to properly account for the
compressor heat.
4. Refrigerant Line Losses
Split-system WSHPs have refrigerant lines that can transfer heat to
and from their surroundings, which can incrementally affect measured
capacity. ISO 13256-1:1998 indicates, for both the indoor air enthalpy
test method (annex B) and the liquid enthalpy test method (annex C), in
sections B4.2 and C3.3 of the industry standard, that if line loss
corrections are to be made, they shall be included in the capacity
calculations. DOE believes that these procedures may benefit from
additional specificity, specifically regarding what circumstances
require line loss corrections and what method to use to determine an
appropriate correction.
DOE notes that sections 7.3.3.4 and 7.3.4.4 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009
prescribe methods for calculating and including line losses for both
heating and cooling capacity calculations in the outdoor air enthalpy
method, in order to obtain an energy balance with results from the
indoor air enthalpy method; these procedures and calculations are for
air-cooled split systems in which the ``outdoor unit'' is generally
located outdoors. In contrast, the ``outdoor unit'' for a split-system
WSHP (i.e., the section that contains the liquid/refrigerant heat
exchanger) could be located either outdoors or indoors. Similar to the
issue of accounting for compressor heat (as discussed in section
II.C.3), for a split-system WSHP for which the compressor/liquid coil
section is always installed indoors, the impacts of refrigerant line
losses on capacity could be captured by using the arrangement of Figure
F-3 in Annex F of ISO 13256-1:1998 and installing the compressor/liquid
coil section in the insulated enclosure, so that any heat transfer from
the refrigerant lines to the surrounding air contribute to warming or
cooling of the indoor air. When such a system is tested in this
fashion, line loss calculations may not be needed. However, there may
be test scenarios for which line loss calculations are needed.
Issue 13: DOE requests comment on whether the methods prescribed in
ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 for calculating line losses are appropriate for
WSHPs. In addition, DOE requests comment on what modification might be
made to the procedure in ISO 13256-1:1998 in order to address further
refrigerant line losses--specifically, what test situations require
their use in the capacity calculations, and which do not. DOE also
requests comment on how manufacturers of split-system WSHPs currently
incorporate line loss adjustments into both heating and cooling
capacity calculations. Further, DOE requests comment on whether
manufacturers of split-system WSHPs use test set-ups that capture the
effects of refrigerant line losses in capacity measurements (e.g.,
installing both the indoor coil and liquid coil sections of the split-
system WSHP within an insulated enclosure).
5. Standardized Heat Capacity for Water
For the liquid enthalpy test method in annex C of ISO 13256-1:1998,
the variables used to calculate the heating and cooling capacity
include liquid mass flow rate, specific heat capacity of the liquid,
liquid temperatures entering and leaving the unit, and total unit
power. The test standard requires the use of water as the liquid medium
when testing water-loop heat pumps; however, no value or method for
calculating the specific heat capacity of water is provided.
Specification of a standard value or calculation method for the
specific heat capacity of water may improve the repeatability of the
WSHP test procedure.
Issue 14: DOE seeks comment on whether a standard value or
calculation method for the specific heat capacity of water should be
specified in the WSHP test procedure for calculating the capacity of
WSHPs when using the liquid enthalpy method. If a standard value should
be used, DOE seeks comments on what that value should be.
6. Discharge Coefficients for Airflow Measurement
ISO 13256-1:1998 section D.1 requires airflow measurements to be
made in accordance with the provisions specified in several different
industry test standards, ``as appropriate.'' \4\ However, ISO 13256-
1:1998 is not explicit regarding the circumstances under which the
different airflow
[[Page 29054]]
measurement approaches included in these industry test standards should
be used.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ ISO 3966:1977, ``Measurement of fluid flow in closed
conduits--Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes;'' ISO 5167-
1:1991, ``Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure
differential devices--Part 1: Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi
tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full;''
and ISO 5221:1984, ``Air Distribution and air diffusion--Rules to
methods of measuring airflow rate in an air handling duct.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some of the airflow measurement approaches specified in ISO 13256-
1:1998 use a nozzle apparatus. Airflow can be derived from measuring
the change in pressure across a nozzle of known geometry. Airflow
derivations using this approach often include a discharge coefficient
(i.e., the ratio of actual discharge air to theoretical discharge air)
to account for factors that reduce the actual discharge air, such as
nozzle resistance and airflow turbulence. In general, as the nozzle
throat diameter decreases, nozzle resistance increases, thereby
reducing actual discharge which is characterized by a lower discharge
coefficient. Turbulent airflow (as characterized by Reynolds numbers
\5\) and temperature also impact the discharge coefficient. Section
F8.9 of annex F to ISO 13256-1:1998 uses a look-up table that specifies
the discharge coefficient based on the eight different Reynolds numbers
for nozzles with a throat diameter smaller than 12.5 centimeters, and a
fixed discharge coefficient of 0.99 for nozzles with a throat diameter
equal to or greater than 12.5 centimeters. In contrast, ANSI/ASHRAE 37-
2009, which is a common industry standard for measuring airflow for
similar equipment, includes provisions regarding the nozzle airflow
measuring apparatus that are identical to the provisions in ISO 13256-
1:1998, except for the method used to determine the coefficient of
discharge. ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 uses a calculation to determine the
discharge coefficient for nozzles with a throat diameter smaller than
25 centimeters, and a fixed discharge coefficient of 0.99 for nozzles
with a throat diameter equal to or greater than 25 centimeters.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Reynolds number is a dimensionless number that characterizes
the flow properties of a fluid. Section F8.9 of ISO 13256-1:1998
includes an equation for calculating Reynolds number that depends on
a temperature factor, air velocity, and throat diameter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISO 13256-1:1998 section F8.9 uses a second lookup table that
specifies the temperature factor, used to calculate the Reynolds
number, based on eight different air temperatures. For measured air
temperature and calculated Reynolds numbers, ISO 13256-1:1998 does not
specify what approach should be applied to determine the coefficient of
discharge for air temperatures and Reynolds numbers that fall between
the values specified in the look-up tables.
Issue 15: DOE requests comment on which of the methods specified in
ISO 13256-1:1998 (i.e., ISO 3966:1977, ISO 5167-1:1991, and ISO
5221:1984) are used by manufacturers to measure airflow of WSHPs, and
whether this varies based on WSHP capacity or configuration. DOE
requests comment on whether it should incorporate by reference
additional industry test standards that outline the calculation method
for airflow, such as ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009. DOE also requests information
on how manufacturers determine the coefficient of discharge for air
temperatures and Reynolds numbers that fall between the values
specified in the look-up table in section F8.9 of annex F to ISO 13256-
1:1998.
7. Duct Loss Adjustments
In the calculations for cooling and heating capacities for the
indoor air enthalpy test method of ISO 13256-1: 1998, the test standard
includes a footnote in sections B3 and B4 of annex B stating that the
equations do not provide allowances for heat leakage in the test
equipment (i.e., duct losses). In contrast, section 7.3.3.3 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 37-2009 addresses duct loss adjustments.
Issue 16: DOE requests confirmation whether the duct loss
adjustments as described in section 7.3.3.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 are
used to adjust capacity measured using the indoor air enthalpy method
when testing WSHPs. DOE requests comment on whether any other type of
adjustments are used to address the fact that the capacity equations of
ISO 13256-1:1998 do not provide allowances for heat leakage in the test
equipment.
8. Water Flow Rate
Section 4.1.6 of ISO 13256-1:1998 indicates that WSHPs shall be
tested using the water flow rate specified by the manufacturer, with a
few exceptions depending on whether the WSHP includes an integral pump
and whether the flow rate is automatically adjusted. DOE has reviewed
publicly-available WSHP product literature and notes that manufacturers
often list multiple water flow rates in performance data.
In contrast, the test method for WCUACs (AHRI 340/360-2007)
specifies both the water inlet and outlet temperatures to be 85 [deg]F
and 95 [deg]F, respectively, which determines the water flow rate
setting. ISO 13256-1:1998 does not include water outlet temperature
rating conditions for WSHPs, so the water flow rate cannot be set by
adjusting to match the prescribed test conditions.
Issue 17: DOE requests comment on how manufacturers select water
flow rate when testing WSHPs in cases where multiple flow rates are
provided in product literature. DOE also requests comment on what the
typical water temperature rise is during testing, and whether the
typical test temperature rise is representative of field operation.
9. Indoor Air Measurements
Indoor air temperature and humidity are key parameters that affect
WSHP performance, and for this reason, ISO 13256-1:1998 requires
accurate indoor air condition measurements. However, DOE has
tentatively determined that the method set forth in ISO 13256-1:1998
would benefit from additional specification as to indoor air
temperature measurement. For air-cooled and evaporatively-cooled
commercial unitary air conditioners, Appendix C of AHRI 340/360-2015
provides details on entering outdoor air temperature measurement,
including air sampling tree and aspirating psychrometer requirements,
but AHRI 340/360-2015 does not state that these provisions apply for
measurement of entering indoor air temperature and leaving indoor air
temperature. DOE is considering whether the requirements contained in
Appendix C of AHRI 340/360-2015 (excluding the temperature uniformity
requirements in Table C2) would be appropriate for indoor air
measurements for testing WSHPs.
Issue 18: DOE requests comment on whether the requirements for
outdoor entering air measurement in Appendix C of AHRI Standard 340/
360-2015 (excluding the temperature uniformity requirements in Table
C2), such as air sampling requirements and aspirating psychrometer
requirements, would be appropriate for measurement of indoor air
entering and leaving temperatures for WSHPs.
10. Refrigerant Charging
ISO 13256-1:1998 does not provide any specific guidance on setting
and verifying the refrigerant charge of a unit. In a test procedure
final rule for central air conditioners (CACs) and heat pumps (HPs)
published on June 8, 2016 (``June 2016 CAC TP final rule''), DOE
established a comprehensive approach for refrigerant charging that
improves test reproducibility. 81 FR 36992, 37030-37031. The approach
specifies which set of installation instructions to use for charging,
explains what to do if there are no instructions, specifies that target
values of parameters are the centers of the ranges allowed by
installation instructions, and specifies tolerances for the measured
values. Id. The approach also requires that refrigerant line pressure
gauges be installed for single-package units, unless otherwise
specified in manufacturer
[[Page 29055]]
instructions. Id. These methods could be considered for the WSHP test
procedure.
Issue 19: DOE seeks comment on whether it would be appropriate to
adopt an approach for charging requirements for WSHPs similar or
identical to the approach adopted in the June 2016 CAC TP final rule.
DOE seeks comments regarding which parts of the approach should or
should not be adopted, and for what reasons they might or might not be
suitable for application to WSHPs. DOE is also interested in receiving
data that demonstrate how sensitive the performance of a WSHP is
relative to changes in the various charge indicators used for different
charging methods, specifically the method based on sub-cooling.
11. Voltage
ISO 13256-1:1998 requires that for units rated with dual nameplate
voltages, the test be performed at both voltages or at the lower
voltage if only a single rating is to be published. DOE understands
that voltage can affect the measured efficiency of air conditioners and
is, therefore, considering adding provisions to its test procedure that
specify at which nameplate voltage to conduct the test for dual
nameplate voltage units.
Issue 20: DOE requests data and information demonstrating the
effect of voltage on air conditioning equipment (including, but not
limited to, WSHPs). Specifically, DOE seeks comment on whether there is
a consistent relationship between voltage and efficiency, and if so,
whether testing at a lower voltage will typically result in a higher or
lower tested efficiency. Further, DOE requests feedback on whether
certain voltages within common dual nameplate voltage ratings (e.g.,
208/230 V) are more representative of typical field installation.
D. Other Test Procedure Topics
In addition to the issues identified earlier in this document, DOE
welcomes comment on any other aspect of the existing test procedures
for WSHPs not already addressed by the specific areas identified in
this document. DOE particularly seeks information that would improve
the repeatability, reproducibility of the test procedures, as well as
the ability of the test procedure to provide results that are
representative of actual use. DOE also requests information that would
help DOE create a procedure that would limit manufacturer test burden
through streamlining or simplifying testing requirements. Comments
regarding the repeatability and reproducibility are also welcome.
DOE also requests feedback on any potential amendments to the
existing test procedure that could be considered to address impacts on
manufacturers, including small businesses. Regarding the DOE test
method, DOE seeks comment on the degree to which the DOE test procedure
should consider and be harmonized with the most recent relevant
industry standards for WSHPs, and whether there are any changes to the
DOE test method that would provide additional benefits to the public.
DOE also requests comment on the benefits and burdens of adopting any
industry/voluntary consensus-based or other appropriate test procedure,
without modification. As discussed, the current DOE test procedure
relies on ISO 13256-1:1998, with some additional provisions specified
for equipment set-up. 10 CFR 431.96(e).
Additionally, DOE requests comment on whether the existing test
procedures limit a manufacturer's ability to provide additional
features to consumers of WSHPs. DOE particularly seeks information on
how the test procedures could be amended to reduce the cost of new or
additional features and make it more likely that such features are
included on WSHPs.
III. Submission of Comments
DOE invites all interested parties to submit in writing by July 23,
2018, comments and information on matters addressed in this notice and
on other matters relevant to DOE's consideration of amended test
procedures for WSHPs. These comments and information will aid in the
development of a test procedure NOPR for WSHPs if DOE determines that
amended test procedures may be appropriate for this equipment.
Submitting comments via http://www.regulations.gov. The http://www.regulations.gov web page will require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties,
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to http://www.regulations.gov information for which
disclosure is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and
commercial or financial information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information (``CBI'')). Comments submitted
through http://www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed as CBI. Comments
received through the website will waive any CBI claims for the
information submitted. For information on submitting CBI, see the
Confidential Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through http://www.regulations.gov
before posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of
being submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being
processed simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to
several weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that http://www.regulations.gov provides after you have successfully uploaded your
comment.
Submitting comments via email, hand delivery, or mail. Comments and
documents submitted via email, hand delivery, or mail also will be
posted to http://www.regulations.gov. If you do not want your personal
contact information to be publicly viewable, do not include it in your
comment or any accompanying documents. Instead, provide your contact
information on a cover letter. Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. If you submit via mail or hand
delivery, please provide all items on a CD, if feasible. It is not
necessary to submit printed copies. No facsimiles (faxes) will be
accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that
are not
[[Page 29056]]
secured, written in English and free of any defects or viruses.
Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
encryption and, if possible, they should carry the electronic signature
of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 to 500 form letters
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting
time.
Confidential Business Information. According to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email, postal mail, or hand delivery two well-marked copies: One copy
of the document marked confidential including all the information
believed to be confidential, and one copy of the document marked ``non-
confidential'' with the information believed to be confidential
deleted. Submit these documents via email or on a CD, if feasible. DOE
will make its own determination about the confidential status of the
information and treat it according to its determination.
Factors of interest to DOE when evaluating requests to treat
submitted information as confidential include (1) a description of the
items, (2) whether and why such items are customarily treated as
confidential within the industry, (3) whether the information is
generally known by or available from other sources, (4) whether the
information has previously been made available to others without
obligation concerning its confidentiality, (5) an explanation of the
competitive injury to the submitting person which would result from
public disclosure, (6) when such information might lose its
confidential character due to the passage of time, and (7) why
disclosure of the information would be contrary to the public interest.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
DOE considers public participation to be a very important part of
the process for developing test procedures and energy conservation
standards. DOE actively encourages the participation and interaction of
the public during the comment period in each stage of a rulemaking
process. Interactions with and between members of the public provide a
balanced discussion of the issues and assist DOE in a rulemaking
process. Anyone who wishes to be added to the DOE mailing list to
receive future notices and information about this proceeding should
contact Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-
1445 or via email at [email protected].
Signed in Washington, DC, on June 18, 2018.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy.
[FR Doc. 2018-13430 Filed 6-21-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P