[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 101 (Thursday, May 24, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 24003-24011]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-11083]



 ========================================================================
 Rules and Regulations
                                                 Federal Register
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents 
 having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed 
 to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published 
 under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
 
 The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents. 
 
 ========================================================================
 

  Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 101 / Thursday, May 24, 2018 / Rules 
and Regulations  

[[Page 24003]]



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

7 CFR Part 372

[Docket No. APHIS-2013-0049]
RIN 0579-AC60


National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Procedures

AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: We are amending the regulations that set out our National 
Environmental Policy Act implementing procedures. The amendments 
include clarifying the categories of actions for which we would 
normally complete an environmental impact statement or an environmental 
assessment for an action, as well as updating examples of categorically 
excluded actions and setting out an environmental documentation process 
that could be used in emergencies. The changes will serve to update the 
regulations and improve their clarity and effectiveness.

DATES: Effective June 25, 2018.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Eileen Sutker, APHIS Federal NEPA 
Contact, Environmental and Risk Analysis Services, PPD, APHIS, 4700 
River Road, Unit 149, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238; (301) 851-3043.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), as amended 
(42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), is the United States' basic charter for 
protection of the environment. The Council on Environmental Quality 
(CEQ) Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of the 
NEPA, published in 40 CFR parts 1500 through 1508 (referred to below as 
the CEQ regulations), provide a basic regulatory framework for the 
implementation of NEPA across Federal agencies.
    The Office of the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture 
(USDA) has set forth departmental policy on the implementation of NEPA 
in 7 CFR part 1b. Within USDA, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection 
Service (APHIS) has regulations that set out its procedures for 
implementing NEPA in 7 CFR part 372 (referred to below as the 
regulations). APHIS' regulations are designed to ensure early and 
appropriate consideration of potential environmental effects when APHIS 
programs formulate policy and make decisions. The regulations also 
promote effective and efficient compliance with NEPA requirements and 
integration of other environmental review requirements under NEPA 
(e.g., 40 CFR 1500.2(c) and 40 CFR 1500.4(k)). Consistent with the 
requirements of CEQ's NEPA implementing regulations in 40 CFR 1507.3, 
the APHIS regulations supplement the CEQ regulations and the USDA NEPA 
implementing regulations to take into account APHIS missions, 
authorities, and decision making. The APHIS regulations include 
definitions, categories of actions, major planning and decision points, 
opportunities for public involvement, and methods of processing 
different types of environmental documents.
    NEPA and the CEQ regulations require all agencies of the Federal 
Government to incorporate environmental considerations in their 
planning and decisionmaking. This may include the development of an 
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), a detailed statement by the 
responsible official with every recommendation or report on proposals 
for legislation and other major Federal actions significantly affecting 
the quality of the human environment. This statement must cover:
     The environmental impact of the proposed action,
     Any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided 
should the proposal be implemented,
     Reasonable alternatives to the proposed action,
     The relationship between local short-term uses of the 
human environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term 
productivity, and
     Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of 
resources which would be involved in the proposed action, should it be 
implemented.
    The EIS is distinguished from the environmental assessment (EA), 
which is a concise public document that briefly provides sufficient 
evidence and analysis for determining whether to prepare an EIS or a 
finding of no significant impact (FONSI). Actions taken by an agency 
that do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on 
the human environment may be categorically excluded from the 
requirement to prepare either an EA or an EIS.
    The APHIS regulations were last amended in a final rule published 
in the Federal Register on February 1, 1995 (60 FR 6000-6005, Docket 
No. 93-165-3; corrected on March 10, 1995, at 60 FR 13212). The CEQ 
regulations at 40 CFR 1507.3(a) state that agencies ``shall continue to 
review their policies and procedures and in consultation with the 
Council to revise them as necessary to ensure full compliance with the 
purposes and provisions of the Act.'' Accordingly, on July 20, 2016, we 
published in the Federal Register (81 FR 47051-47071, Docket No. APHIS-
2013-0049) a proposal \1\ to amend the regulations by adding several 
new types of actions that were not previously covered in the 
regulations. Accordingly, we also evaluated our regulations and 
identified changes that would reflect new authorities, activities, and 
data. The changes we proposed also clarified certain areas of the 
regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ To view the proposed rule and the comments we received, go 
to https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=APHIS-2013-0049.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We also proposed to establish or revise categorical exclusions and 
extraordinary circumstances under which those categorical exclusions 
would not apply and to revise the requirements generally relating to 
classification of various actions (e.g., actions normally requiring 
EISs, actions normally requiring EAs but not necessarily EISs). Upon 
further consideration and in light of the comments we received, we 
decided not to finalize the proposed extraordinary circumstances and 
most of the proposed new program categorical exclusions. Instead, we 
are making minor adjustments to the language currently found in Sec.  
372.5 concerning these subjects to improve clarity and provide further 
examples of activities that fall

[[Page 24004]]

into a given class of action or may be subject to categorical 
exclusion. The proposed additions were accompanied by a reorganization 
of the regulations, which we are also not finalizing. The structure of 
the regulations will remain largely identical to that of the current 
regulations. We may revisit the issue of categorical exclusions, 
extraordinary circumstances, and classification of actions in a future 
rulemaking.
    We solicited comments concerning our proposal for 60 days ending 
September 19, 2016. We received 12 comments by that date from advocacy 
groups, industry associations, and private citizens. They are discussed 
below by topic, with the exception of any comments received on those 
portions of the proposed rule we are not finalizing, as described 
above.

Comments Regarding Categorical Exclusions and Extraordinary 
Circumstances

    The bulk of the comments we received related to changes we proposed 
to our categorical exclusions and their associated extraordinary 
circumstances exceptions. As stated above, in considering those 
comments, which covered a broad variety of issues in detail, we came to 
recognize the need to reevaluate our proposed categories and reconsider 
the scope and effect of those categories.

General Comments

    One commenter stated that since the changes and additions may 
affect species protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and 
their designated critical habitats, APHIS must conduct a programmatic 
consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National 
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).
    This rule is administrative in nature and does not affect any 
listed threatened or endangered species. We consult with FWS and/or 
NMFS when an analysis of listed species is necessary to arrive at an 
environmental effects determination. We will continue to consult on any 
future actions that may affect protected species.
    The same commenter said that we should coordinate our efforts 
concerning NEPA with the existing initiative involving APHIS, the 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Food and Drug 
Administration (FDA) to modernize agency activities under the 
Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Further information on the Coordinated Framework for the 
Regulation of Biotechnology may be found here: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/2017_coordinated_framework_update.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    APHIS is involved in updating the Coordinated Framework for the 
Regulation of Biotechnology, which clarifies the relevant existing 
authorities and roles of the USDA, the FDA, and the EPA. On January 4, 
2017, EPA, FDA, and USDA released the 2017 Draft Update to the 
Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology and 
accompanying National Strategy for Modernizing the Regulatory System 
for Biotechnology Products. The original Coordinated Framework for the 
Regulation of Biotechnology and the 2017 Draft Update identify which 
types of topics trigger NEPA analyses within each agency. The finalized 
update of the Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology 
will continue to align with the regulations, and may facilitate further 
regulations.
    Another commenter characterized the proposed action as APHIS 
scaling back its NEPA obligations, despite ongoing disputes over the 
scope of APHIS' duties in this area.
    Contrary to the commenter's assertion, this rule will improve 
transparency and clarity regarding APHIS activities under NEPA. 
Further, we will continue to apply an appropriate level of 
environmental documentation to every action.
    Another commenter stated that they had included suggestions for 
corresponding changes to the NEPA implementing regulations discussed 
here as part of a comment submitted in connection with a notice of 
intent to prepare an EIS published in the Federal Register on February 
5, 2016 (81 FR 6225-6229, Docket No. APHIS-2014-0054) titled 
``Environmental Impact Statement; Introduction of the Products of 
Biotechnology.'' \3\ The commenter also said that this action may need 
to be revised in light of any changes to the NEPA regulations made in 
this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ To view that notice and the comments we received go to 
https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=APHIS-2014-0054.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Due to the nature of APHIS rulemaking, we cannot consider the 
content of comments submitted on other rules. The notice referenced by 
the commenter has yet to be finalized; however, if changes to the NEPA 
implementing regulations are necessary as a result of that action, we 
will make those changes accordingly via subsequent rulemaking.
    One commenter pointed out several typographical errors in the 
preamble language and the regulatory text of the proposed rule. We have 
corrected the errors in the regulatory text. The preamble language is 
not repeated in this final rule.

Comments Regarding Definitions

    In Sec.  372.4, which contains definitions of various terms used in 
the regulations, we proposed to revise two existing definitions and add 
definitions for two additional terms. We are not finalizing the two 
proposed additional definitions. We determined that a definition for 
``Agency official responsible for environmental review'' is unnecessary 
because the information we wished to convey can already be found in the 
definition for ``Environmental unit.'' We are not finalizing the 
definition for ``Extraordinary circumstances'' because, as stated 
previously, we are not finalizing the proposed revisions concerning 
extraordinary circumstances. The revisions we are finalizing remain 
consistent with the CEQ regulations.
    One commenter suggested we add a definition for the term 
``conventional,'' given that we proposed a change from ``routine 
measures'' to ``conventional measures'' throughout the regulations due 
to prior confusion about the meaning of ``routine.'' The commenter 
argued that the word ``conventional'' has as much potential to cause 
confusion as the word ``routine.''
    Uses of the term ``conventional measures'' in place of ``routine 
measures'' were only found in those sections we are not finalizing in 
this document.

Comments Regarding Actions Normally Requiring Environmental Assessments 
But Not Necessarily Environmental Impact Statements

    We proposed to set out a description of actions APHIS takes that 
normally require EAs but not necessarily EISs in Sec.  372.6 (Sec.  
372.5(b) in the final rule). An action in this class will typically be 
characterized by its limited scope (particular sites, species, or 
activities).
    We are clarifying the way in which we assess potential 
environmental impacts in connection with an action normally requiring 
an EA but not necessarily an EIS. Any effects of the action on 
environmental resources (such as air, water, soil, plant communities, 
animal populations, or others) or indicators (such as dissolved oxygen 
content of water) can be reasonably identified.
    Proposed paragraph (d) of Sec.  372.6 (Sec.  372.5(b)(4) in the 
final rule) indicated that approvals and issuance of licenses and 
permits for proposals involving regulated genetically engineered or

[[Page 24005]]

regulated nonindigenous species would normally require an EA but not 
necessarily an EIS, unless they are categorically excluded. One 
commenter proposed that we refer to ``genetically engineered 
organisms'' separately from regulated nonindigenous species. Two 
commenters pointed out that we neglected to specifically exclude 
actions that are categorically excluded in the language of this 
section.
    We agree with the first commenter's suggestion to use the word 
``organisms'' and have changed the term used in that section to 
``genetically engineered organisms or products.'' Reference to 
genetically engineered products is necessary in some parts of the 
regulations to adequately cover veterinary biologics products, such as 
genetically engineered subunit proteins, plasmid vectors, and other 
constructs that are not organisms. We agree with the point raised by 
the last two commenters and have added the requested language to the 
introductory paragraph of Sec.  372.5(b).
    Another commenter made a recommendation regarding the comingling 
threshold level for genetically engineered and conventional products. 
The commenter also stated that third-party field testing on crops with 
a high risk of comingling should occur.
    As the proposal did not relate to such a threshold or such 
inspections, these comments are outside the scope of this rulemaking.
    Proposed paragraph (e) of Sec.  372.6 (Sec.  372.5(b)(5) in the 
final rule) indicated that activities to reduce damage or harm by a 
specific wildlife species or group of species (such as deer or birds), 
or to reduce a specific type of damage or harm (such as protection of 
agriculture from wildlife depredation and disease, management of rabies 
in wildlife, or protection of threatened or endangered species) 
normally require an EA but not necessarily an EIS, unless they are 
categorically excluded.
    One commenter stated that a Federal court has determined that 
State-wide analysis of Wildlife Services' (WS) wolf damage management 
activities in the State of Washington violated NEPA due to the absence 
of an EIS in the case of Cascadia Wildlands v. Woodruff (151 F. Supp. 
3d 1153 (W.D. Wash. 2015)). The commenter argued that such State-wide 
plans have significant environmental impacts and thus must 
appropriately be analyzed in an EIS. The commenter went on to say that 
State-wide or district-wide program analyses will allow WS to evade any 
assessments of compliance with Federal land-use plans (e.g., forest 
plans and resource management plans) that govern management of lands on 
which it conducts its activities. The commenter argued that State-wide 
or district-wide analyses fail to consider that impacts may be 
concentrated in certain areas, as WS generally relies upon average 
numbers killed State-wide or district-wide.
    We disagree with the commenter's characterization of Cascadia 
Wildlands v. Woodruff and with the commenter's assertion that the case 
sets a precedent whereby all State-wide plans require preparation of an 
EIS. The court did not order WS to complete an EIS for its wolf damage 
management activities in Washington. WS coordinates all activities with 
land management agencies on lands under their jurisdiction. For 
example, memoranda of understanding between WS and the U.S. Forest 
Service, and between WS and the Bureau of Land Management identify the 
authorities, coordination requirements, and responsibilities of each 
agency, ensuring that land-use plans are considered, and that potential 
conflicts with other land uses are identified and avoided or minimized. 
In addition, WS uses EAs to involve other agencies with applicable 
jurisdiction, including land and wildlife management agencies, inviting 
formal agency cooperation and or comments as appropriate. WS also 
includes a formal public comment period on all of its EAs to ensure 
that all issues and concerns are considered. As shown in the document 
entitled ``Proposed Amendments to National Environmental Policy Act 
Implementing Procedures (7 CFR part 372) Substantiating Document for 
Proposed Amendments,'' WS EAs have repeatedly demonstrated that its 
activities have not had significant impacts on the environment.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ Pages 26-27 of the document located at https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=APHIS-2013-0049.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed paragraph (g) of Sec.  372.6 (Sec.  372.5(b)(7) in the 
final rule) indicated that determinations of nonregulated status for 
genetically engineered organisms normally requires an EA but not 
necessarily an EIS, unless categorically excluded. One commenter 
suggested that we add language specifically stating that an EA would be 
required except in those cases where the action fits into one of the 
categorical exclusion categories associated with such actions.
    While we are not adding language specifying that an EA would be 
required except in those cases where the action fits into one of the 
categorical exclusion categories associated with such actions in Sec.  
372.5(b)(7) as suggested by the commenter, we added language in the 
introductory paragraph of Sec.  372.5(b) stipulating that all of the 
example actions described in Sec.  372.5(b)(1) through (7) normally 
require an EA but not necessarily an EIS, unless categorically 
excluded.
    Another commenter stated that extensions of determinations of 
nonregulated status for genetically engineered organisms were in 
violation of NEPA. The commenter argued that while such extensions are 
often granted to similar organisms, there may still be agronomic or 
geographic differences that would result in significant environmental 
impacts. At a minimum, the commenter said, these extensions warrant the 
preparation of EAs in order to better evaluate the potential 
environmental impacts of the genetically engineered organisms. This 
rule does not address whether extensions of genetically engineered 
organisms are in violation of NEPA. Moreover, we do not explicitly 
identify extensions of determinations of nonregulated status for 
genetically engineered organisms in the discussion of exceptions for 
categorically excluded actions found in Sec.  372.5(d). If the 
decisionmaker determines that a categorically excluded action may have 
the potential to affect significantly the quality of the human 
environment, then an EA or an EIS will be prepared. Agronomic and 
geographic differences are among the factors that the decisionmaker 
will consider when determining whether a particular extension 
application will be categorically excluded or if preparation of an EA 
or EIS is required.
    Another commenter suggested that we add licensing and permitting of 
commercial breeding operations regulated under the Animal Welfare Act 
to the list of actions normally requiring EAs but not necessarily EISs.
    Commercial breeding operations are not specifically listed as one 
of the examples of such actions given in Sec.  372.5(b) for EAs. APHIS 
intends to assess all animal welfare licensing and registration 
applications to determine if they are eligible for a categorical 
exclusion or if circumstances exist that will necessitate the 
preparation of an EA or EIS. We will document our conclusions.
    We received a number of additional comments relating to the need 
for EAs or EISs in connection with the licensing of commercial breeding 
operations. Those comments are addressed below in a section entitled, 
``Comments Regarding Commercial Breeding Operations.''

[[Page 24006]]

Comments Regarding Categorical Exclusions

    Proposed Sec.  372.8 (Sec.  372.5(c) in the final rule) lists 
various categorically excluded actions. We proposed to make changes to 
paragraph (a) of Sec.  372.8 (Sec.  372.5(c)(1)(i) in the final rule) 
in order to expand the list of substances that may be used as part of a 
conventional measure (a term not finalized in this rule; instead we 
have retained the original term, ``routine measure''), subject to 
certain conditions, to include the use of pesticides, chemicals, drugs, 
pheromones, contraceptives, or other potentially harmful substances, 
materials, and target-specific devices or remedies. Previously, the 
list of substances referred only to chemicals, pesticides, or other 
potentially hazardous or harmful substances, materials, and target-
specific devices or remedies.
    While we are not finalizing the proposed language, we will respond 
to the comment because the current regulations cite the use of 
pesticides, chemicals, and other potentially hazardous or harmful 
substances. Two commenters objected to the inclusion of such elements 
in any categorically excluded action, saying that their use often has 
significant impacts, which require NEPA analysis. One commenter 
specifically cited the growth-promotion drugs ractopamine and monensin, 
which the commenter argued can leach into groundwater, and the growth-
promotion drug tylosin, which has been linked to antibiotic resistance.
    APHIS does not use these or other growth-promotion drugs in any 
programs, and there are no actions in which we would consider their 
usage.
    The other commenter used as an example those pesticides classified 
as ``restricted use pesticides'' by the EPA, stating these are 
pesticides that EPA has determined are likely to cause ``unreasonable 
adverse effects on the environment'' if they are used ``without 
additional regulatory restrictions.'' The commenter went on to classify 
the EPA's oversight of restricted use pesticides as predominantly 
focused on acute exposure and therefore inadequate to protect against 
risks posed by regular low-level exposure, even though the pesticides 
may aggregate in the environment, causing harm via long-term, low-level 
exposure to humans and animals.
    APHIS develops and uses methods that are proven to be effective, 
efficient in their performance, and safe in their execution. APHIS uses 
pesticides in accordance with all EPA requirements. As shown in the 
document entitled ``Proposed Amendments to National Environmental 
Policy Act Implementing Procedures (7 CFR Part 372) Substantiating 
Document for Proposed Amendments,'' these methods were analyzed in 
prior environmental reviews, risk assessments, and/or are monitored to 
demonstrate or determine whether their use could significantly impact 
the human environment. This includes a number of use patterns and any 
program mitigation measures (including contained facilities, field 
sites, and pens) for pesticides, chemicals, or other potentially 
hazardous or harmful agents. Many of these use patterns have long been 
known and studied by APHIS, and APHIS has seen no record of significant 
environmental impacts. Our NEPA analyses consider chemical movement, 
degradation, environmental impacts, exposure, and risk for all actions, 
including those actions subject to categorical exclusion.\5\ This 
includes both potential acute and chronic risks. If any proposed 
activity meets any of the criteria listed in Sec.  372.5(d), then an EA 
or EIS will be prepared.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ Pages 14-16 and 47 of the document located at https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=APHIS-2013-0049.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We are finalizing a group of categorically excluded actions that 
concern research and development activities limited in magnitude, 
frequency, and scope that occur in laboratories, facilities, pens, or 
field sites. The location and organization of this section is taken 
from the current regulations; however, we are incorporating some of our 
proposed language in a new list of examples of such activities.
    In Sec.  372.8(j)(1) (Sec.  372.5(c)(2)(i)(A) in the final rule) we 
proposed to allow for the categorical exclusion of the inoculation or 
treatment of discrete herds of livestock or wildlife undertaken in 
contained areas (such as a barn or corral, a zoo, an exhibition, or an 
aviary). One commenter requested that we provide further guidance on 
the concept of ``discrete herds of livestock or wildlife undertaken in 
contained areas'' either via final rule or through issuance of a 
guidance document.
    For clarity, we revised this language to cover only those 
vaccination trials that occur on groups of animals in areas designed to 
limit interaction with similar animals, or include other controls as 
needed to mitigate potential risk.
    Section 372.8(j)(2) (Sec.  372.5(c)(2)(i)(D) in the final rule) 
states that an example of a categorically excluded research and 
development activity is the use of vaccinations or inoculations, 
including new vaccines (e.g., vaccines with components inserted through 
genetic engineering technologies) and applications of existing vaccines 
to new species provided that the project is conducted in a controlled 
and limited manner, and the impacts of the vaccine can be predicted. A 
commenter stated that the use of genetically engineered vaccines and 
other novel technologies may result in impacts that require analysis 
under NEPA.
    In the case of genetically engineered vaccines and other novel 
technologies, if any the criteria in Sec.  372.5(d) apply then an EA or 
EIS will be prepared. As shown in the document entitled ``Proposed 
Amendments to National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Procedures 
(7 CFR Part 372) Substantiating Document for Proposed Amendments,'' we 
note that, based on more than 20 years of experience, APHIS' Center for 
Veterinary Biologics has found that the impact of new vaccines and 
inoculations stays within the vaccinated animal.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ Pages 35-36 of the document located at https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=APHIS-2013-0049.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We also proposed that activities could not be categorically 
excluded if a previously licensed or approved biologic has been 
subsequently shown to be unsafe, or if it would be used at 
substantially higher dosage levels or for substantially different 
applications or circumstances than the use for which the product was 
previously approved. One commenter argued that an EA should not 
necessarily be required in every instance where a substantially higher 
dose or substantially different application or use circumstance is 
being developed and recommended we remove that language from the 
regulations. The commenter said that APHIS should evaluate each 
situation on a case-by-case basis.
    While we agree that an EA is not always required where a 
substantially higher dose or substantially different application or use 
circumstance is proposed, we are making no changes to the proposed 
language. We will continue to consider each case individually, as the 
commenter suggested. An EA or EIS would not need to be prepared if we 
determine that a substantially higher dose or substantially different 
application or use circumstance for a previously licensed or approved 
biologic will not impact the environmental or safety factors associated 
with use of that biologic.

[[Page 24007]]

Comments Regarding Categorical Exclusions; Licensing, Permitting, 
Authorization, and Approval

    Proposed Sec.  372.9 (Sec.  372.5(c)(3) in the final rule) 
contained examples of various categorically excluded actions under the 
heading of licensing and permitting. In the preamble to the proposed 
rule, we explained that licensing and permitting are administrative 
actions for the agency, and generally occur in support of actions that 
later undergo analysis in an EIS or EA. To require a separate NEPA 
analysis for each license or permit does not allow expedient action to 
serve the public, and would promote piecemeal analyses.
    One commenter objected to this characterization, saying that it 
would be a contravention of APHIS' obligations under NEPA because any 
individual action within a program may have significant effects and 
must be subject to individualized NEPA review. The commenter also 
argued that it is in the public interest to undertake individualized 
reviews where warranted.
    APHIS is not trying to evade or ignore its obligations under NEPA. 
The CEQ regulations at 40 CFR 1508.4 give agencies the authority to 
identify categorical exclusions in their NEPA implementing regulations, 
which is what APHIS seeks to do here. It is important to understand 
that, in addition to EAs and EISs, categorical exclusions are 
consistent with NEPA. Categorical exclusions are categories of actions, 
which do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on 
the human environment, and are recognized as such in the agency's 
implementing procedures. Use of a categorical exclusion has, and will 
continue to include, individualized reviews prior to issuance.
    Another commenter said that we provided insufficient analysis for 
the determination that licensing and permitting are categorically 
exempt. The commenter went on to say that it is unclear whether this 
provision is meant to apply to licensing conducted under Animal Welfare 
Act (AWA; Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966, as amended Public Law 
89-544, 7 U.S.C. 2131-2159) licensing. The commenter argued that AWA 
licensing actions have enormous potential for environmental harm, and 
so will frequently warrant at least preparation of an EA. The commenter 
stated that, even if there were a categorical exclusion for commercial 
breeder licensing, at a minimum it should specify exceptions to that 
categorical exclusion. The commenter found that the proposed 
definition, evaluation criteria, and list of extraordinary 
circumstances set too high a bar for judging whether an action may have 
a significant environmental effect.
    The regulations already provide a categorical exclusion for 
licensing and permitting, and identify a wide variety of routine 
measures that could result in authorizations and approvals. Since these 
categories already existed within the regulations and were effective 
for years, we did not include additional analysis in the proposed rule. 
We do not agree with the commenter's position regarding our ability to 
evaluate an action for significant environmental effect. On the 
contrary, we find that the general exceptions to categorical exclusions 
identified in Sec.  372.5(d) will allow us to adequately address 
concerns about the potential for significant impacts to the environment 
pursuant to AWA licensing, because this section allows the 
decisionmaker to determine that a categorically excluded action may 
have the potential to affect ``significantly'' the quality of the 
``human environment.'' For additional discussion on the rest of the 
commenter's points specific to licensing of commercial breeding 
operations, please see the section below entitled, ``Comments Regarding 
Commercial Breeding Operations.''
    Proposed paragraph (a)(2) of Sec.  372.10 (Sec.  372.5(c)(2)(i)(B) 
in the final rule) contained a categorical exclusion for the evaluation 
of uses for chemicals not specifically listed on the product label, as 
long as they are used in a manner designed to limit potential effects 
to nontarget species such that there are no individual or cumulative 
impacts on the human environment. A commenter stated that categorical 
exclusions for evaluation of novel chemical uses cannot be employed 
under NEPA because their application and contact with nontarget species 
may result in unintended environmental, human health, or ecological 
impacts.
    Our research and testing in this area is limited to serving Agency 
needs, and does not encompass broadly based or basic research. We have 
added the stipulation that such evaluation and use must be pursuant to 
applicable Federal authorizations to clarify the relatively narrow 
application of this categorical exclusion. Use must be limited in 
magnitude, frequency, and scope, and it can only occur in laboratories, 
facilities, pens, or field sites. We also note that this is not a new 
categorical exclusion, only an enhanced description of activities that 
did not demonstrate environmental impacts in the past.
    Proposed paragraph (a)(6) (Sec.  372.5(c)(2)(ii) in the final rule) 
contained the prior categorical exclusion for the development and 
production of sterile insects. We are also including the release of 
sterile insects as well.
    The same commenter argued that the development and production of 
sterile insects may include novel methods for inducing sterility, which 
would require NEPA analysis. The commenter said that the field release 
of genetically engineered insects may have significant human health and 
ecological impacts.
    APHIS does not develop, approve, or release genetically engineered 
sterile insects. Were that to change in the future, we would consider 
any potential environmental impacts. Any novel methods to develop 
sterile insects would be subject to the criteria listed in Sec.  
372.5(d).

Comments on the Process for Rapid Response to Emergencies

    We are adding a new section describing the process APHIS follows to 
develop environmental documentation when conducting a rapid response to 
an emergency. APHIS frequently takes important emergency actions to 
prevent the spread of animal and plant pests and diseases. Without 
emergency action to control the spread of these pests and diseases, 
there is a potential for significant impacts on the human environment. 
One commenter encouraged APHIS to take the need to control a plant 
disease outbreak or other exigency into account under NEPA, including 
in situations where a categorical exclusion does not apply.
    APHIS will take NEPA into account in the event there is a need to 
control a plant disease outbreak or other exigency. We recognize the 
need to deal quickly, effectively, and efficiently with any emergency 
situation that may arise. We mitigate foreseeable environmental effects 
to the extent practicable.
    Another commenter observed that our proposed text was based on CEQ 
regulations, but added that there have been legal challenges to this 
portion of those regulations. The commenter stated that, while there 
has been no ruling on whether the portion of the CEQ regulations 
dealing with rapid response to an emergency is invalid, it was noted 
that allowing an emergency to encompass anything more than significant, 
unanticipated occurrences, such as natural disasters, as opposed to 
circumstances of the agency's own making, seemed at odds with NEPA as 
this may allow for the evasion of NEPA review. The commenter concluded 
that APHIS should therefore specify that an

[[Page 24008]]

emergency exists in instances of significant, unanticipated 
occurrences, such as natural disasters only, and that an emergency 
cannot be a result of the agency's own making.
    Merely adding the concept that an emergency cannot be a result of 
the agency's own making does not account for the types of emergency 
actions APHIS may need to cope with, such as unanticipated or 
unforeseen impacts associated with a pest or disease outbreak. In an 
emergency, our primary concerns include the consequences of a delayed 
response. The intent of this section is to create the flexibility 
necessary to begin a response to the emergency, regardless of cause. 
This section does not allow APHIS to evade NEPA analyses; instead, it 
adjusts the usual timeframe and sequence for analysis of any potential 
impact during emergencies. The timing for NEPA compliance for all non-
emergency and post-emergency actions remains unchanged.

Comments Regarding Commercial Breeding Operations

    As stated previously, we received a number of comments from the 
Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) relating to the need for EAs 
or EISs in connection with the licensing of commercial breeding 
operations. HSUS expressed surprise that we did not mention the 
licensing of commercial breeding operations in the proposed rule and 
observed that we provided no guidance for applying NEPA standards to 
the licensing and regulation of these operations. They disagreed with 
our assessment that the approval and issuance of licenses is properly 
categorized as administrative, and stated that we failed to articulate 
what mitigation measures are in place related to the environmental 
damage at commercial breeding facilities, nor how any such measures 
would render those environmental effects insignificant. Finally, they 
argued that a programmatic assessment of commercial breeders, brokers, 
and transporters is compulsory, and the regulations should clearly 
convey that certain individual AWA license approvals may require an 
individual EA or EIS.
    The AWA provides for the licensing of dealers, exhibitors, and 
registration of research facilities, and transporters (intermediate 
handlers and carriers). The associated standards provide specific 
requirements for regulated entities under this Act (7 CFR 371.7; 9 CFR 
chapter 1, parts 1 through 12 (particularly part 3, Standards)). When 
we propose modifications to the AWA regulations, we solicit and 
consider public comments to those specific provisions. The NEPA 
regulations are not the correct place to create or modify requirements 
for licensing under the authority of the AWA.
    Under the AWA, the action of issuing a license consists of 
administrative handling of applications. In practice, this means we 
assess forms for completeness and schedule appropriate inspections. We 
inspect the facilities, and they must be in compliance prior to the 
issuance of a license or registration. The criteria for denial of an 
initial application are not discretionary (9 CFR 2.11)--all who meet 
the requirements are licensed or registered. Potential impacts to the 
environment do not occur through the act of processing an application 
to issue a license or registration; instead, they may occur when an 
individual facility is noncompliant with the standards of humane care, 
handling, and transportation. Regulated entities are required to comply 
with the standards associated with their license or registration. Based 
on the frequency of inspections for facilities, potential environmental 
impacts resulting from noncompliance are expected to be localized to a 
specific site, short-term in duration, and completely mitigated by the 
corrective actions of the facility to comply with the regulations. We 
carefully considered the suggestion that a programmatic assessment is 
necessary, and find changes to the NEPA regulations are not the correct 
place to address these concerns. Programmatic reviews precede proposed 
changes to topic-specific regulations as they occur.
    HSUS said that common aerosols associated with feces and urine at 
puppy mills that impact air quality the most are ammonia, hydrogen 
sulfide, methane, and carbon dioxide. They further pointed out that 
dogs themselves also produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and 
these combined emissions pose a serious environmental threat. 
Additionally, they stated that vehicle emissions from animal 
transporters compound this threat and should be taken into 
consideration, arguing that while very little is known about the 
bacterial and particulate emissions of animal transport vehicles which 
travel across the United States, they undoubtedly emit tons of harmful 
gases and particulates into the air while traveling between breeder and 
broker or pet shop.
    As stated previously, APHIS' authority under the AWA is limited to 
the issuance of licenses, which is an administrative act with no 
environmental implications. EPA, not APHIS, has authority to regulate 
waste materials, disposal, and emissions.
    HSUS also said that decomposition of dead dogs at commercial 
breeding operations can contribute to soil, air, and water pollution. 
They stated that improper mortality management can lead to 
environmental contamination and claimed that dead dogs have been found 
scattered or improperly disposed of at a number of USDA licensed 
facilities.
    The AWA regulations in 9 CFR 3.1(f) require facilities with dogs to 
properly dispose of waste and dead animals in a manner that minimizes 
contamination and disease risks. APHIS standards (9 CFR part 3) are 
established by species, and do not differ by licensee or registrant. 
Beyond that, State and local laws determine how dead animals are 
disposed of within any given jurisdiction, and APHIS works with local 
jurisdictions during emergencies. If a mass animal health event were to 
lead to high mortality levels, then APHIS would likely be involved in 
the disposal of those carcasses as part of a joint local, State, and 
Federal emergency response effort.
    HSUS identified noise pollution as another environmental harm 
associated with large-scale commercial dog breeders. They claimed that 
barking dogs can reach decibel levels on par with abrasive blasting or 
demolition at a construction site or even an ambulance siren and 
recommended that noise studies, as commonly performed by many 
localities, should be incorporated into EAs of commercial breeding 
operations.
    As the commenter correctly points out, localities vary in their 
approaches to the regulation of noise. We believe that local and State 
regulators are better situated to assess and regulate ambient noise 
standards, which are then applicable to all residents of that 
jurisdiction.
    HSUS stated that, even if an EIS is not automatically warranted in 
most cases, large-scale commercial breeding operations raise enough 
environmental concerns that APHIS should routinely be preparing EAs 
prior to issuing a new license for a breeding facility.
    Applicants, excepting those whose operations meet the de minimis 
standards set out by APHIS, must demonstrate compliance with the AWA 
and its regulations in order to receive a license. The regulations 
establish specifications for the humane handling, care, treatment, and 
transportation of the species. While it is possible the regulations may 
change based on public comments we receive as we consider modifying 
program-specific rules, this

[[Page 24009]]

NEPA implementing regulation is not the correct place to consider this 
issue. We ensure appropriate NEPA documentation is prepared for all of 
our proposed actions. That may take the form of a categorical 
exclusion, an EA, or an EIS.

Miscellaneous Changes

    We are changing all references to the ``administrative record'' to 
references to the ``record'' because the term ``administrative record'' 
is not the accurate use of a legal term of art.
    We are also making several minor edits to improve the clarity, 
focus, and brevity of the regulations overall.
    Therefore, for the reasons given in the proposed rule and in this 
document, we are adopting the proposed rule as a final rule, with the 
changes discussed in this document.

Executive Orders 12866, 13563, 13771, and Regulatory Flexibility Act

    This final rule has been determined to be significant for the 
purposes of Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has been reviewed by 
the Office of Management and Budget.
    This final rule is expected to be an Executive Order 13771 
deregulatory action as it imposes no additional costs on affected 
entities and individuals, and will likely benefit those businesses and 
individuals regulated by APHIS that participate in the NEPA process.
    We have prepared an economic analysis for this rule. The economic 
analysis provides a cost-benefit analysis, as required by Executive 
Orders 12866 and 13563, which direct agencies to assess all costs and 
benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is 
necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits 
(including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety 
effects, and equity). Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance 
of quantifying both costs and benefits, of reducing costs, of 
harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility. The economic analysis 
also examines the potential economic effects of this rule on small 
entities, as required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act. The economic 
analysis is summarized below. Copies of the full analysis are available 
on the Regulations.gov website (see footnote 1 in this document for a 
link to Regulations.gov) or by contacting the person listed under FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
    The rule amends the APHIS regulations that set forth the procedures 
for implementing NEPA. The amendments to the regulations are designed 
to improve the clarity and effectiveness of the procedures for 
implementing NEPA, such as by providing new examples for when we will 
complete an environmental impact statement or an environmental analysis 
for an action and outlining an environmental documentation process to 
be used in emergencies.
    APHIS has determined that the rule will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Some 
entities will experience time and money savings, but the savings will 
benefit only a few entities each year. The rule will also serve to 
clarify the regulations and make the NEPA process more transparent. 
These actions, although beneficial, are not expected to have a 
significant economic impact on affected entities. The rule imposes no 
additional costs on affected entities and individuals or on APHIS.
    Under these circumstances, the Administrator of the Animal and 
Plant Health Inspection Service has determined that this action will 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

Executive Order 12372

    This program/activity is listed in the Catalog of Federal Domestic 
Assistance under No. 10.025 and is subject to Executive Order 12372, 
which requires intergovernmental consultation with State and local 
officials. (See 2 CFR chapter IV.)

Executive Order 13175

    This rule has been reviewed in accordance with the requirements of 
Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal 
Governments. Executive Order 13175 requires Federal agencies to consult 
and coordinate with tribes on a government-to-government basis on 
policies that have Tribal implications, including regulations, 
legislative comments or proposed legislation, and other policy 
statements or actions that have substantial direct effects on one or 
more Indian Tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government 
and Indian Tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities 
between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes.
    APHIS has assessed the impact of this rule and determined that this 
rule does not, to our knowledge, have Tribal implications that require 
tribal consultation under Executive Order 13175.

Executive Order 12988

    This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, 
Civil Justice Reform. This rule: (1) Preempts all State and local laws 
and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule; (2) has no 
retroactive effect; and (3) does not require administrative proceedings 
before parties may file suit in court challenging this rule.

National Environmental Policy Act

    This final rule revises the regulations that guide APHIS employees 
in NEPA analysis and documentation for animal and plant health 
management, wildlife damage management, and animal welfare management 
activities. CEQ regulations do not require agencies to prepare a NEPA 
analysis or document before establishing agency procedures that 
supplement the CEQ regulations for implementing NEPA, and thus no NEPA 
document was prepared for this final rule. Agencies are required to 
adopt NEPA procedures that establish specific criteria for, and 
identification of, three categories of actions: Those that require 
preparation of an EIS; those that require preparation of an EA; and 
those that are categorically excluded from further NEPA review (40 CFR 
1507.3(b)). Agency NEPA procedures assist agencies in the fulfillment 
of agency responsibilities under NEPA, but are not the agency's final 
determination of what level of NEPA analysis is required for a 
particular proposed action. The requirements for establishing agency 
NEPA procedures are set forth at 40 CFR 1505.1 and 1507.3.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This final rule contains no information collection or recordkeeping 
requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 
et seq.).

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 372

    Administrative practice and procedure, Environmental assessment, 
Environmental impact statement, National Environmental Policy Act.

    Accordingly, we are amending 7 CFR part 372 as follows:

PART 372--NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT IMPLEMENTING PROCEDURES

0
1. The authority citation for part 372 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.; 40 CFR 1500-1508; 7 CFR 1b, 
2.22, 2.80, and 371.9.


Sec.  372.1   [Amended]

0
2. Section 372.1 is amended by adding the word ``(NEPA)'' after the 
word ``Act'' the first time it occurs and by removing the second and 
third occurrences of the words ``the National Environmental Policy 
Act'' and adding the word ``NEPA'' in their place.

[[Page 24010]]


0
3. Section 372.3 is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  372.3   Information and assistance.

    Information, including the status of studies, and the availability 
of reference materials, as well as the informal interpretations of 
APHIS' NEPA procedures and other forms of assistance, will be made 
available upon request to the APHIS NEPA contact at: Policy and Program 
Development, APHIS, USDA, Attention: NEPA Contact, 4700 River Road Unit 
149, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238, (301) 851-3043.

0
4. Section 372.4 is amended as follows:
0
a. In the introductory text, by adding the words ``and definitions'' 
after the word ``terminology'' and by removing the word ``is'' and 
adding the word ``are'' in its place; and
0
b. By revising the definitions of decisionmaker and environmental unit.
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  372.4   Definitions.

* * * * *
    Decisionmaker. The agency official responsible for signing the 
document based on a categorical exclusion or findings of no significant 
impact (FONSI) and environmental assessment or the record of decision 
following the environmental impact statement (EIS) process.
* * * * *
    Environmental unit. The analytical unit in Policy and Program 
Development responsible for coordinating APHIS' compliance with NEPA 
and other environmental laws and regulations.

0
5. Section 372.5 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising the introductory text of paragraph (b);
0
b. In paragraph (b)(1)(i), by adding the word ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
0
c. In paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(3), by removing the words ``, 
except for actions that are categorically excluded, as provided in 
paragraph (c) of this section'';
0
d. By revising paragraph (b)(4);
0
e. By redesignating paragraph (b)(5) as paragraph (b)(6) and adding a 
new paragraph (b)(5);
0
f. By revising newly redesignated paragraph (b)(6);
0
g. By adding paragraph (b)(7);
0
h. By revising paragraphs (c)(1)(ii)(B), (c)(2), and (c)(3)(i);
0
i. By redesignating paragraphs (c)(3)(ii) and (iii) as paragraphs 
(c)(3)(iii) and (iv), respectively;
0
j. By adding a new paragraph (c)(3)(ii);
0
k. By revising paragraph (c)(4);
0
l. By adding paragraph (c)(5);
0
m. In paragraph (d)(2), by adding the word ``or'' after the semicolon; 
and
0
n. By removing paragraph (d)(3) and redesignating paragraph (d)(4) as 
paragraph (d)(3).
    The additions and revisions read as follows:


Sec.  372.5  Classification of actions.

* * * * *
    (b) Actions normally requiring environmental assessments but not 
necessarily environmental impact statements. This class of APHIS 
actions may involve the agency as a whole or an entire program, but 
generally is related to a more discrete program component and is 
characterized by its limited scope (particular sites, species, or 
activities) and potential effect (impacting relatively few 
environmental values or systems). Potential environmental impacts 
associated with the proposed action are not considered potentially 
significant at the outset of the planning process. Any effects of the 
action on environmental resources (such as air, water, soil, plant 
communities, animal populations, or others) or indicators (such as 
dissolved oxygen content of water) can be reasonably identified, and 
mitigation measures are generally available and have been successfully 
employed. Unless the actions are categorically excluded as provided in 
paragraph (c) of this section, actions in this class include:
* * * * *
    (4) Approvals and issuance of permits for proposals involving 
regulated genetically engineered organisms or products, or regulated 
nonindigenous species.
    (5) Programs or statewide activities to reduce damage or harm by a 
specific wildlife species or group of species, such as deer or birds, 
or to reduce a specific type of damage or harm, such as protection of 
agriculture from wildlife depredation and disease; for the management 
of rabies in wildlife; or for the protection of threatened or 
endangered species.
    (6) Research or testing that will be conducted outside of a 
laboratory or other containment area or reaches a stage of development 
(e.g., formulation of premarketing strategies) that forecasts an 
irretrievable commitment to the resulting products or technology.
    (7) Determination of nonregulated status for genetically engineered 
organisms.
    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (B) Use of vaccinations or inoculations including new vaccines 
(e.g., genetically engineered vaccines) and applications of existing 
vaccines to new species provided that the project is conducted in a 
controlled and limited manner, and the impacts of the vaccine can be 
predicted; and
* * * * *
    (2) Research and development activities. (i) Activities limited in 
magnitude, frequency, and scope that occur in laboratories, facilities, 
pens, or field sites. Examples are:
    (A) Vaccination trials that occur on groups of animals in areas 
designed to limit interaction with similar animals, or include other 
controls needed to mitigate potential risk.
    (B) Laboratory research involving the evaluation and use of 
chemicals in a manner not specifically listed on the product label 
pursuant to applicable Federal authorizations.
    (C) The development and/or production (including formulation, 
packaging or repackaging, movement, and distribution) of articles such 
as program materials, devices, reagents, and biologics that were 
approved and/or licensed in accordance with existing regulations, or 
that are for evaluation in confined animal, plant, or insect 
populations under conditions that prevent exposure to the general 
population.
    (D) Research evaluating wildlife management products or tools, such 
as animal repellents, frightening devices, or fencing, that is carried 
out in a manner and area designed to eliminate the potential for 
harmful environmental effects and in accordance with applicable 
regulatory requirements.
    (ii) Development, production, and release of sterile insects.
    (3) * * *
    (i) Issuance of a license, permit, authorization, or approval to 
ship or field test previously unlicensed veterinary biologics, 
including veterinary biologics containing genetically engineered 
organisms (such as vector-based vaccines and nucleic acid-based 
vaccines);
    (ii) Issuance of a license, permit, authorization, or approval for 
movement or uses of pure cultures of organisms (relatively free of 
extraneous micro-organisms and extraneous material) that are not 
strains of quarantine concern and occur, or are likely to occur, in a 
State's environment; or
* * * * *
    (4) Extending deregulations for genetically engineered organisms. 
Extension of nonregulated status under part 340 of this chapter to 
organisms similar to those already deregulated.

[[Page 24011]]

    (5) Minor renovation, improvement, and maintenance of facilities. 
Examples are:
    (i) Renovation of existing laboratories and other facilities.
    (ii) Functional replacement of parts and equipment.
    (iii) Minor additions to existing facilities.
    (iv) Minor excavations of land and repairs to properties.
* * * * *


Sec.  372.6  [Removed]

0
7. Section 372.6 is removed.


Sec. Sec.  372.7 through 372.10  [Redesignated as Sec. Sec.  372.6 
through 372.9]

0
8. Sections 372.7 through 372.10 are redesignated as Sec. Sec.  372.6 
through 372.9, respectively.

0
9. Newly redesignated Sec.  372.6 is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  372.6   Early planning.

    Prospective applicants are encouraged to contact APHIS program 
officials to determine what types of environmental analyses or 
documentation, if any, need to be prepared.

0
10. Newly redesignated Sec.  372.7 is amended by revising the section 
heading and paragraph (b)(4) to read as follows:


Sec.  372.7   Planning and decision points and public involvement.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) All environmental documents and comments received will be made 
available to the public via Regulations.gov.

0
11. Newly redesignated Sec.  372.8 is amended as follows:
0
a. In paragraph (a) introductory text, by adding a sentence at the end 
of the paragraph;
0
b. In paragraph (a)(1), by removing the citation ``Sec.  372.8'' and 
adding the citation ``Sec.  372.7'' in its place; and
0
c. By revising paragraph (a)(3).
    The addition and revision read as follows:


Sec.  372.8   Processing and use of environmental documents.

    (a) * * * This determination is based on information provided in 
the NEPA document and available in the record.
* * * * *
    (3) Changes to environmental assessments and findings of no 
significant impact that are prompted by comments, new information, or 
any other source, will normally be announced in the same manner as the 
notice of availability prior to implementing the proposed action or any 
alternative. APHIS will mail notice upon request.
* * * * *


Sec.  372.9   [Amended]

0
12. Newly redesignated Sec.  372.9 is amended by removing the second 
sentence and the word ``administrative'' in the last sentence.

0
13. A new Sec.  372.10 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  372.10   Process for rapid response to emergencies.

    When it is determined (by the Administrator or the delegated Agency 
official responsible for environmental review) that an emergency exists 
that requires immediate action before preparing and completing the 
usual NEPA review, then the provisions of this section apply.
    (a) The Administrator or the delegated Agency official responsible 
for environmental review may take actions that are necessary to control 
the immediate impacts of the emergency and that are urgently needed to 
prevent imminent damage to public health or safety, or prevent threats 
to valuable resources. When taking such actions, the Administrator or 
the delegated Agency official responsible for environmental review will 
consider the probable environmental consequences of the emergency 
action and mitigate foreseeable adverse environmental effects to the 
extent practicable.
    (b) If a proposed emergency action is normally analyzed in an 
environmental assessment as described in Sec.  372.5 and the nature and 
scope of proposed emergency actions are such that there is insufficient 
time to prepare an EA and FONSI before commencing the proposed action, 
the Administrator shall consult with APHIS' Chief of Environmental and 
Risk Analysis Services about alternative arrangements for NEPA 
compliance. APHIS' Chief of Environmental and Risk Analysis Services 
may authorize emergency alternative arrangements for completing the 
required NEPA compliance documentation. Any alternative arrangements 
must be documented and notice of their use provided to CEQ.
    (c) If a proposed emergency action is likely to result in 
significant environmental impacts, then APHIS will immediately consult 
with CEQ and request alternative arrangements in accordance with CEQ 
regulations at 40 CFR 1506.11. Such alternative arrangements will apply 
only to the proposed actions necessary to control the immediate impacts 
of the emergency. Other proposed actions remain subject to NEPA 
analysis and documentation in accordance with the CEQ regulations and 
these regulations.

    Done in Washington, DC, this 18th day of May 2018.
Greg Ibach,
Under Secretary, Marketing and Regulatory Programs.
[FR Doc. 2018-11083 Filed 5-23-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3410-34-P