[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 183 (Friday, September 22, 2017)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 44347-44353]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2017-20225]


 ========================================================================
 Proposed Rules
                                                 Federal Register
 ________________________________________________________________________
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 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of 
 the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these 
 notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in 
 the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
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  Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 183 / Friday, September 22, 2017 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 44347]]



DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

10 CFR Parts 429 and 431

[EERE-2017-BT-TP-0055]


Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Distribution 
Transformers

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of 
Energy.

ACTION: Request for information (RFI).

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') is initiating a data 
collection process through this RFI to consider whether to amend DOE's 
test procedure for distribution transformers. To inform interested 
parties and to facilitate this process, DOE has gathered data, 
identifying several issues associated with the currently applicable 
test procedure on which DOE is interested in receiving comment. The 
issues outlined in this document mainly concern the degree to which the 
per-unit load (``PUL'') testing measurement accurately represents in-
service distribution transformer performance, and provides test results 
that reflect energy efficiency, energy use, and estimated operating 
costs during a representative average use cycle of an in-service 
transformer; sampling; representations; alternative energy 
determination methods (``AEDMs''); and any additional topics that may 
inform DOE's decisions in a future test procedure rulemaking, including 
methods to reduce regulatory burden while ensuring the procedure's 
accuracy. DOE welcomes written comments from the public on any subject 
within the scope of this document (including topics not raised in this 
RFI).

DATES: Written comments and information are requested and will be 
accepted on or before October 23, 2017.

ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using 
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow 
the instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested 
persons may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2017-BT-
TP-0055, by any of the following methods:
    1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow 
the instructions for submitting comments.
    2. Email: [email protected]. Include 
docket number EERE-2017-BT-TP-0055 in the subject line of the message.
    3. Postal Mail: Appliance and Equipment Standards Program, U.S. 
Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-5B, 
1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: 
(202) 287-1445. If possible, please submit all items on a compact disc 
(``CD''), in which case it is not necessary to include printed copies.
    4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Appliance and Equipment Standards 
Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, 950 
L'Enfant Plaza SW., Suite 600, Washington, DC 20024. Phone: (202) 287-
1445. If possible, please submit all items on a CD, in which case it is 
not necessary to include printed copies.
    No telefacsimiles (faxes) will be accepted. For detailed 
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the 
rulemaking process, see section III of this document.
    Docket: The docket for this activity, which includes Federal 
Register notices, comments, and other supporting documents/materials, 
is available for review at http://www.regulations.gov. All documents in 
the docket are listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index. However, 
some documents listed in the index, such as those containing 
information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not be publicly 
available.
    The docket Web page can be found at http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0055. The docket Web page contains 
simple instructions on how to access all documents, including public 
comments, in the docket. See section III for information on how to 
submit comments through http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building 
Technologies Program, EE-5B 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, 
DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-9870. Email: 
[email protected].
    Ms. Mary Greene, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General 
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-1817. Email: [email protected].
    For further information on how to submit a comment or review other 
public comments and the docket, contact the Appliance and Equipment 
Standards Program staff at (202) 586-6636 or by email: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Introduction
    A. Authority and Background
    B. Rulemaking History
II. Request for Information
    A. Scope and Definitions
    B. Test Procedure
    1. PUL Testing Requirements
    2. Temperature Correction
    C. Efficiency Metric
    D. Sampling, Representations, AEDMs
    E. Other Test Procedure Topics
III. Submission of Comments

I. Introduction

    DOE is authorized to establish and amend energy conservation 
standards and test procedures for certain industrial equipment, 
including distribution transformers. (42 U.S.C. 6317(a)) DOE's test 
procedures for distribution transformers are prescribed at 10 CFR 
431.193 and appendix A to subpart K of part 431. The following sections 
discuss DOE's authority to establish and amend test procedures for 
distribution transformers, as well as relevant background information 
regarding DOE's consideration of test procedures for this equipment.

A. Authority and Background

    The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (``EPCA'' or ``the 
Act''),\1\ Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6291-6317, as codified), among 
other things, authorizes DOE to regulate the energy

[[Page 44348]]

efficiency of a number of covered consumer products and industrial 
equipment. Title III, Part C \2\ of EPCA, added by Public Law 95-619, 
Title IV, Sec.  441(a), established the Energy Conservation Program for 
Certain Industrial Equipment, which sets forth a variety of provisions 
designed to improve energy efficiency. This equipment includes 
distribution transformers, the subject of this RFI. (42 U.S.C. 6317(a))
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    \1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute 
as amended through the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015 
(EEIA 2015), Public Law 114-11 (April 30, 2015).
    \2\ For editorial purposes, upon codification into the U.S. 
Code, Part C was redesignated as Part A-1.
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    Under EPCA, DOE's energy conservation program consists of four 
parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation 
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant 
provisions of the Act for distribution transformers include definitions 
(42 U.S.C. 6291; 42 U.S.C. 6311), energy conservation standards (42 
U.S.C. 6295; 42 U.S.C. 6317), test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6293; 42 
U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6294; 42 U.S.C. 6315), and 
the authority to require information and reports from manufacturers (42 
U.S.C. 6316).
    Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment 
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations 
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42 
U.S.C. 6316) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for 
particular State laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures 
and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(b)(2)(D))
    The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that 
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1) 
Certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable 
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C. 
6316(b); 42 U.S.C. 6296), and (2) making representations about the 
efficiency of that equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)) Similarly, DOE uses 
these test procedures to determine whether the equipment complies with 
relevant standards promulgated under EPCA.
    Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures 
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for 
covered equipment. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or 
amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test 
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual 
operating cost of a covered equipment during a representative average 
use cycle or period of use and requires that test procedures not be 
unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2))
    If DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is warranted, it 
must publish proposed test procedures and offer the public an 
opportunity to present oral and written data, views and arguments on 
the proposed test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b))
    EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate 
test procedures for each type of covered equipment, including 
distribution transformers, to determine whether amended test procedures 
would more accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the 
test procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and to be 
reasonably designed to produce test results that reflect energy 
efficiency, energy use, and estimated operating costs during a 
representative average use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)).
    DOE is publishing this RFI to collect data and information to 
inform DOE's 7-year review requirement specified in EPCA, which 
requires that DOE publish either an amendment to the test procedures or 
a determination that amended test procedures are not required. (42 
U.S.C. 6314(a)(1))

B. Rulemaking History

    DOE's current test procedure for distribution transformers is 
prescribed at 10 CFR 431.193 and appendix A to subpart K of part 431. 
EPCA states that the testing requirements for distribution transformers 
shall be based on the ``Standard Test Method for Measuring the Energy 
Consumption of Distribution Transformers'' prescribed by the National 
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA TP 2-1998). (42 U.S.C. 
6293(b)(10)(A))
    Accordingly, DOE prescribed the test procedure for distribution 
transformers on April 27, 2006 (hereafter ``April 2006 DT TP final 
rule''). 71 FR 24972. In an April 2013 final rule amending the 
standards for distribution transformers (hereafter ``April 2013 DT ECS 
final rule''), DOE determined that the test procedures did not require 
amendment at that time, concluding that the test procedure as 
established in the April 2006 DT TP final rule was reasonably designed 
to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency and energy use, 
as required by 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2). 78 FR 23336, 23347 (April 18, 
2013). However, in the April 2013 DT ECS final rule, DOE responded to 
stakeholder comments regarding the appropriateness of the test PUL \3\ 
requirement in its test procedure, stating that it may examine the 
topic of potential loading points in a dedicated test procedure 
rulemaking in the future. 78 FR 23336, 23350. Therefore, as part of 
this RFI DOE is giving further consideration to the appropriateness of 
the test PUL requirements, as discussed in the April 2013 DT ECS final 
rule.
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    \3\ PUL is the same concept and quantity as the ``percent of 
nameplate-rated load'' used in 10 CFR 431.196 and ``percent of the 
rated load'' used in section 3.5 of 10 CFR part 431, subpart K, 
appendix A.
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II. Request for Information

    In the following sections, DOE has identified a variety of issues 
on which it seeks input to aid in the development of the technical and 
economic analyses regarding whether amended test procedures for 
distribution transformers may be warranted. Specifically, DOE is 
requesting comment on any opportunities to streamline and simplify 
testing requirements for distribution transformers.
    Additionally, DOE welcomes comments on other issues relevant to the 
conduct of this process that may not specifically be identified in this 
document. In particular, DOE notes that under Executive Order 13771, 
``Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs,'' Executive 
Branch agencies such as DOE are directed to manage the costs associated 
with the imposition of expenditures required to comply with Federal 
regulations. See 82 FR 9339 (Feb. 3, 2017). Pursuant to that Executive 
Order, DOE encourages the public to provide input on measures DOE could 
take to lower the cost of its regulations applicable to distribution 
transformers consistent with the requirements of EPCA.

A. Scope and Definitions

    A ``transformer'' is a device consisting of 2 or more coils of 
insulated wire that transfers alternating current by electromagnetic 
induction from 1 coil to another to change the original voltage or 
current value. 10 CFR 431.192. A ``distribution transformer'' is a 
transformer that: (1) Has an input voltage of 34.5 kV or less; (2) has 
an output voltage of 600 V or less; (3) is rated for operation at a 
frequency of 60 Hz; and (4) has a capacity of 10 kVA to 2500 kVA for 
liquid-immersed units and 15 kVA to 2500 kVA for dry-type units. Id. 
The term ``distribution transformer'' does not include a transformer 
that is an autotransformer; drive (isolation) transformer; grounding 
transformer; machine-tool (control) transformer; nonventilated 
transformer; rectifier transformer; regulating transformer; sealed 
transformer; special-impedance

[[Page 44349]]

transformer; testing transformer; transformer with tap range of 20 
percent or more; uninterruptible power supply transformer; or welding 
transformer. Id.
    A ``liquid-immersed distribution transformer'' is a distribution 
transformer in which the core and coil assembly is immersed in an 
insulating liquid. Id. A ``low-voltage dry-type distribution 
transformer'' is a distribution transformer that has an input voltage 
of 600 volts or less; is air-cooled; and does not use oil as a coolant. 
Id. A ``medium-voltage dry-type distribution transformer'' means a 
distribution transformer in which the core and coil assembly is 
immersed in a gaseous or dry-compound insulating medium, and which has 
a rated primary voltage between 601 V and 34.5 kV. Id.

B. Test Procedure

1. PUL Testing Requirements
    PUL specification is a key component of the distribution 
transformer test procedure because the efficiency of the transformer 
varies based on PUL. The test procedure for distribution transformers 
must be reasonably designed to produce test results that reflect energy 
efficiency, energy use, and estimated operating costs during a 
representative average use cycle, and to have a test procedure is not 
unduly burdensome to conduct. To this end, the test PUL is intended to 
represent the typical \4\ PUL experienced by in-service distribution 
transformers. However, some complications exist, including: (1) A given 
customer may not operate the transformer at a single constant PUL, and 
(2) a transformer model may be used at different PULs by different 
customers. To further examine the test PUL specification, DOE reviewed 
the test PUL requirements in the current test procedure and the load 
analysis from the April 2013 DT ECS final rule.
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    \4\ Industry commonly uses the root mean square (``RMS'') PUL as 
an estimate of the ``typical'' or ``average'' PUL experienced by a 
transformer in service.
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    The current PUL specifications required for rating transformers are 
specified in 10 CFR 431.196 and section 3.5 of 10 CFR part 431, subpart 
K, appendix A (hereafter ``Appendix A''). The current test procedure in 
Appendix A requires that both liquid-immersed transformers and medium-
voltage, dry-type (``MVDT'') transformers are rated at 50 percent PUL, 
and that low-voltage, dry-type (``LVDT'') transformers are rated at 35 
percent PUL. Specifically, in section 3.5(a) of Appendix A, the test 
procedure requires that the reference temperature at which winding 
resistance is measured is 55 [deg]C for liquid-immersed transformers 
and MVDT transformers loaded at 50 percent of the rated load, and is 75 
[deg]C for LVDT transformers loaded at 35 percent of the rated load. In 
addition, 10 CFR 431.196 notes that all efficiency values are at 35 
percent of nameplate-rated load for LVDT transformers, and at 50 
percent of nameplate-rated load for liquid-immersed and MVDT 
transformers, determined according to the DOE test procedure in 
Appendix A. These test PULs are consistent with NEMA TP 2-1998, the 
test method required by EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(10)) DOE is requesting 
input as to whether the test PUL values used in the test method reflect 
PULs experienced in practice.
    DOE's research in support of its April 2013 DT ECS final rule 
indicated that distribution transformers in service experience a large 
load diversity and, on average, are operated at a difference of a RMS 
PUL from those at which they are rated for some equipment classes. 78 
FR 23336, 23349-23350. DOE's analysis produced a distribution of 
typical RMS PULs for the considered liquid-immersed and MVDT, and LVDT 
distribution transformers.\5\
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    \5\ The details of this analysis are documented in the final 
rule Technical Support Document: Energy Efficiency Program for 
Consumer Products and Commercial and Industrial Equipment 
Distribution Transformers; chapter 7 and appendix 7A. (available at: 
https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2010-BT-STD-0048-0760).
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    DOE estimated that, on average, the initial (first year) RMS PUL 
for liquid-immersed transformers ranged from 34 and 40 percent for 
single- and three-phase equipment, respectively, with a one percent 
annual increase over the life of the transformer to account for 
connected load growth. This resulted in a lifetime \6\ average PUL of 
49 and 56 percent for single- and three-phase liquid-immersed 
transformers, respectively.\7\ This is consistent with the current test 
procedure requirements of rating liquid-immersed transformers at 50 
percent PUL. In the April 2013 DT ECS final rule, DOE it had received 
public comment stating that utilities had oversized transformers due to 
their inability to accurately monitor transformer loading and due to 
their assumption that loading will increase in the future. In the case 
of liquid-immersed transformers, this may account for the relatively 
low PUL as a function of transformer capacity. See, 78 FR 23336, 23349, 
citing comment from Baltimore Gas and Electric.
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    \6\ DOE estimated the average lifetime for distribution 
transformers to be 32 years. 78 FR 23336, 23377.
    \7\ The result of DOE's transformer load analysis for medium-
voltage liquid-immersed distribution transformers are contained in 
the Life-cycle Cost and Payback Period spreadsheet tools for design 
lines (DL) 1 through 5 on the Forecast Cells tab. (available at: 
https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2010-BT-STD-0048-0767).
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    Further, in the April 2013 DT ECS final rule, DOE estimated that, 
on average, the RMS PUL for LVDT transformers ranged from 20 and 25 
percent for commercial and industrial customers, respectively.\8\ 
Finally, DOE estimated that, on average, the PUL for MVDT transformers 
ranged from 32 and 38 percent for commercial and industrial customers, 
respectively.\9\ However, the current test procedure requirements for 
rating LVDT and MVDT transformers are 35 and 50 percent PUL, 
respectively. DOE also assumed in its April 2013 DT ECS final rule that 
there would be no load growth over the life of LVDT and MVDT 
distribution transformers. 78 FR 23336, 23375.
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    \8\ The result of DOE's transformer load analysis for low-
voltage dry-type distribution transformers are contained in the 
Life-cycle Cost and Payback Period spreadsheet tools for DLs 6 
through 8 on the Forecast Cells tab. (available at: https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2011-BT-STD-0051-0085).
    \9\ The result of DOE's transformer load analysis for medium-
voltage dry-type distribution transformers are contained in the 
Life-cycle Cost and Payback Period spreadsheet tools for DL 9 
through 13B on the Forecast Cells tab. (available at: https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2010-BT-STD-0048-0764).
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    Therefore, the PUL requirements in the test procedure might not 
fully reflect the PUL experienced by in-service distribution 
transformers. Consequently, the degree of alignment of test PUL with 
in-service PUL of a customer's individual distribution transformer may 
affect how closely the test procedure-estimated energy use mirrors the 
actual energy use experienced by the customer.
    Currently, a customer can specify that transformer efficiency be 
optimized to their in-service PUL, but that customer is limited to 
purchasing transformers that comply with the energy conservation 
standard at the test PUL. However, DOE estimated that approximately 10 
percent of liquid-immersed, and 2 percent of LVDT and MVDT customers 
evaluate transformer efficiency when making a purchase, indicating that 
the remainder of customers prioritize low price (and ignore efficiency) 
when purchasing transformers of their required specification. 77 FR 
7323.
    To the extent that transformer purchases are market-price driven, 
DOE would expect that the lowest-cost transformer design would likely 
have an efficiency peak at or near the test PUL. This low-cost 
transformer would experience reduced efficiency when

[[Page 44350]]

operated at PULs other than the test PUL for which it was likely 
optimized. If in-service PUL differs from test PUL, equipment may be 
suboptimal for the expected operating conditions. If instead, the test 
procedure (via PUL specification) incentivized optimization at the in-
service PUL, increased in-service performance may be possible with no 
increase in purchase price relative to transformers designed to meet 
existing standards via the existing test procedure. DOE also recognizes 
that many transformer purchasers are utilities that likely well 
understand these relationships. As such, as described above, factors 
other than efficiency (such as requirements by Public Utility 
Commissions) are likely driving purchasing decisions. DOE understands 
there may be variation between the PUL specified in the test procedure 
and actual use and seeks comment on how these factors should be 
considered given the sophisticated nature of transformer purchases.
    As discussed, in-service distribution transformers experience a 
wide range of load conditions. In addition, based on DOE's initial 
analysis, distribution transformers may be operated at PULs different 
from those at which they are rated. To evaluate in-service PUL further, 
DOE is seeking to understand the relation between in-service PUL as 
compared to rated PUL. To that end, DOE requests any related 
information or data that commenters believe would assist DOE in its 
understanding. This information may include PUL data for liquid-
immersed, MVDT, and LVDT distribution transformers in operation, 
including the kVA ranges, number of phases (single- or three-phase) and 
application type associated with the PUL data. In addition, DOE also 
requests data on the potential annual load growth expected for newly 
installed transformers. Finally, DOE requests information on the extent 
to which the identified issue is taken into account by utilities 
purchasing transformers.
    DOE is interested in PUL data gathered from distribution 
transformers in operation, including information from manufacturers, 
utilities, and industry groups (e.g., the Institute of Electrical and 
Electronics Engineers).
    Issue 1. DOE seeks comment, data, and information regarding initial 
(first year of service) PUL data for distribution transformers.
    Issue 2. DOE requests input on the initial RMS PUL values presented 
in section I.B of this RFI. More broadly, DOE requests input on the 
distribution of PUL values experienced by the population of
    Issue 3. transformers of a given category (e.g., specific kVA, 
phases, application, etc.). Specifically, commenters should specify 
whether the distributional data they provide represents the first year 
of service, or the full lifetime.
    Issue 4. DOE seeks comment, data and information regarding the load 
growth estimate over the life of distribution transformers currently 
being installed. Specifically, DOE seeks comment, data and information 
on whether loads will increase over time, and if so, what the annual 
load growth would be for liquid-immersed, LVDT, and MVDT transformers, 
respectively.
    Issue 5. DOE seeks comment, data and information regarding the 
extent to which efficiency is taken into account in transformer 
purchasing decisions.
2. Temperature Correction
    DOE's current test procedure specifies temperature correction of 
measured loss values, a process that calculates the losses of a 
transformer as though its internal temperature during testing was equal 
to a ``reference'' temperature. The reference temperature provides a 
common point of comparison, so that the effect of temperature on 
efficiency is diminished. In general, higher internal temperature 
increases load losses, in part due to increased resistivity of the 
conductor/windings. If transformers in service do not reach the same 
internal temperature (under identical operating conditions, including 
ambient temperature and PUL), temperature correction may weaken the 
ability of the test procedure to predict relative in-service 
performance. For example, two otherwise-identical transformers may have 
different inherent abilities to shed heat. As a result, one may operate 
at a lower internal temperature under identical operating conditions, 
and produce lower losses. If a test procedure evaluates both units as 
though they had reached the same internal temperature, then those lower 
in-service losses (which are an advantage to the customer) may not be 
reflected.
    DOE is requesting comments, data, and information from interested 
parties on whether the current temperature correction is appropriate or 
whether alternative approaches should be considered.
    Issue 6. DOE seeks comments, data, and information regarding the 
appropriateness of the current test procedure requirements with respect 
to temperature correction. Specifically, DOE requests comment on 
whether testing at specified ambient conditions or correcting to the 
same internal temperature is more representative of distribution 
transformer in-service performance.
    Issue 7. DOE seeks comments, data, and information regarding how 
temperature varies with PUL, and how significantly it affects 
transformer performance over a PUL range. Specifically, under the 
current internal temperature correction methodology, DOE requests 
comment on how it could specify the reference temperature for testing 
at PULs other than the current test PUL.

C. Efficiency Metric

    As noted, the current DOE test procedure measures efficiency at a 
single test PUL. Based on the data and information received in response 
to this RFI, DOE may consider either continuing to use the current 
single test PUL requirements for rating distribution transformers, or 
revising the single test PUL to an alternative single test PUL, if it 
better reflects how distribution transformers operate in service. 
Alternatively, DOE may consider an alternative efficiency metric 
altogether, such as a multiple-PUL weighted-average efficiency metric. 
Use of a weighted-average efficiency metric comprised of more than one 
test PUL may better reflect how distribution transformers operate in 
service because a given distribution transformer commonly experiences a 
range of PULs in service depending on the end-use of the customer. In 
addition, a given customer is unlikely to operate a distribution 
transformer at a single, constant PUL equal to the typical PUL. Thus, a 
single test PUL may not fully capture how distribution transformers 
operate in service.
    While a weighted-average efficiency could result in additional test 
burden, DOE understands that this metric may more effectively 
characterize operation in-service. In addition, the additional test 
burden could be mitigated via the AEDM for distribution transformers. 
This is because AEDMs would allow manufacturers to determine the 
efficiency of one or more of its untested basic models using a 
mathematical model instead of testing.
    Issue 8. DOE seeks comments, data, and information on the continued 
use of a single test PUL requirement. Further, if a single test PUL 
requirement is maintained, DOE seeks comment on whether the existing 
single test PUL requirements should be maintained or whether alternate 
single test PUL requirements may better match the typical or RMS value 
in service. In addition, DOE seeks comment on the testing burden using 
an alternate single

[[Page 44351]]

test PUL as compared to the current test procedure.
    Issue 9. DOE seeks comments, data, and information regarding 
testing a single transformer at multiple PULs. Specifically, DOE seeks 
comment on the degree to which a multiple-PUL weighted-average 
efficiency would more accurately reflect distribution transformer 
operation in service, as compared to the current test procedure. In 
addition, DOE seeks comment on any additional testing burden that might 
be associated with testing at multiple PULs.
    Issue 10. DOE seeks comments, data, and information regarding the 
number of PULs (and the corresponding test PUL values) that parties 
believe may be appropriate for a multiple PUL test procedure. In 
addition, DOE seeks comments, data, and information regarding what 
weightings or additional requirements may be necessary under a multiple 
PUL test procedure.
    Issue 11. DOE seeks comments, data, and information on whether 
there are any other options or alternative metrics not presented in 
this RFI that should be considered for measuring and rating the 
efficiency of distribution transformers.

D. Sampling, Representations, AEDMs

    The certification and compliance requirements for distribution 
transformers are codified under 10 CFR 429.11, 429.12, 429.47, 429.70, 
429.110, and in Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 429. DOE's sampling 
requirements are listed at 10 CFR 429.47. The sampling requirements, 
among other things, state that, (1) the provisions of 10 CFR 429.11 
apply, (2) efficiency of a basic model may be determined through 
testing or through application of an AEDM under the requirements of 10 
CFR 429.70, and (3) a manufacturer must use a sample of at least five 
units if more than five units have been manufactured over a span of six 
months (10 CFR 429.47(a)(2)(i)(B)), or as many as have been produced if 
five or fewer have been manufactured over a span of six months (10 CFR 
429.47(a)(2)(i)(A)).
    Issue 12. DOE seeks comment regarding the sampling requirements for 
distribution transformers. Specifically, DOE seeks information on how 
manufacturers have been applying the sampling provisions. DOE also 
seeks comments from manufacturers on whether there are instances in 
which there are questions as to how to apply the sampling requirements 
or select the appropriate sample size.
    10 CFR 429.47(a)(2)(ii) states that any represented value of 
efficiency of a basic model must be less than or equal to:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP22SE17.002

Where:

x = the arithmetic mean of the sample units' tested efficiencies, 
and
n = number of units in the sample.

    This provision permits representation of a basic model efficiency 
greater than the arithmetic mean of the sample units' tested 
efficiencies. The degree to which it may exceed the mean is a function 
of the sample size; smaller samples may exceed the mean by a greater 
amount. As a result, manufacturers may represent an efficiency for a 
basic model between the value of Equation 1 and the minimum efficiency 
requirements at 10 CFR 431.196.
    DOE notes that distribution transformer test reports do not always 
indicate how efficiency is calculated, nor do they always provide 
information about the measured values.
    Issue 13. DOE seeks comment regarding the represented values of 
efficiency relative to calculated values, specifically, whether 
manufacturers typically represent the minimum efficiency standard, the 
maximum represented efficiency (RE) allowable, or a different value; 
how manufacturers determine what value to represent; and why.
    Issue 14. DOE's requirements related to AEDMs are at 10 CFR 429.70. 
This section specifies under which circumstances an AEDM may be 
developed, validated, and applied to product performance ratings for 
certain covered products and equipment. AEDM application to 
distribution transformers is permitted pursuant to 10 CFR 429.47(a)(2) 
and may serve a manufacturer who finds it burdensome to physically test 
units of each basic model sold. However, DOE notes that currently, 
manufacturers frequently test every basic model instead of calculating 
efficiency using the AEDM provisions.
    Issue 15. DOE seeks information regarding the usefulness of the 
AEDM provisions, and whether and why manufacturers select the option to 
use AEDMs.

E. Other Test Procedure Topics

    In addition to the issues identified earlier in this document, DOE 
welcomes comment on any other aspect of the existing test procedures 
for distribution transformers not already addressed by the specific 
areas identified in this document. DOE particularly seeks information 
that would improve the repeatability, reproducibility, and consumer 
representativeness of the test procedures. DOE also requests 
information that would help DOE create a procedure that would limit 
manufacturer test burden through streamlining or simplifying testing 
requirements. Comments regarding the repeatability and reproducibility 
are also welcome.
    DOE also requests feedback on any potential amendments to the 
existing test procedure that could be considered to address impacts on 
manufacturers, including small businesses. Regarding the Federal test 
method, DOE seeks comment on the degree to which the DOE test procedure 
should consider and be harmonized with the most recent relevant 
industry standards for distribution transformers and whether there are 
any changes to the Federal test method that would provide additional 
benefits to the public. DOE also requests comment on the benefits and 
burdens of adopting any industry/voluntary consensus-based or other 
appropriate test procedure, without modification. As discussed, the 
Federal test method for distribution transformers is based on the 
industry standard NEMA TP 2-1998. The Federal test method is also based 
on IEEE C57.12.90-1999 ``IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed 
Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers and IEEE Guide for 
Short Circuit Testing of Distribution and Power Transformers;'' IEEE 
C57.12.91-2001, ``IEEE Standard Test Code for Dry-Type Distribution and 
Power Transformers;'' IEEE C57.12.00-2000, ``IEEE Standard General 
Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating 
Transformers;'' and IEEE C57.12.01-1998, ``IEEE Standard General 
Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers Including 
those with Solid Cast and/or Resin Encapsulated

[[Page 44352]]

Windings.'' When establishing the Federal test procedure for 
distribution transformers, DOE determined that basing the procedure on 
multiple industry standards, as opposed to adopting an industry test 
procedure (or procedures) without modification, was necessary to 
provide the detail and accuracy required for the Federal test 
procedure, with the additional benefit of providing manufacturers the 
Federal test procedure in a single reference. 71 FR 24972, 24982.
    Additionally, DOE requests comment on whether the existing test 
procedures limit a manufacturer's ability to provide additional 
features to consumers on distribution transformers. DOE particularly 
seeks information on how the test procedures could be amended to reduce 
the cost of new or additional features and make it more likely that 
such features are included on distribution transformers.

III. Submission of Comments

    DOE invites all interested parties to submit in writing by October 
23, 2017, comments, and information on matters addressed in this notice 
and on other matters relevant to DOE's consideration of amended test 
procedures for distribution transformers. These comments and 
information will aid in the development of a test procedure NOPR for 
distribution transformers if DOE determines that amended test 
procedures may be appropriate for these products.
    Submitting comments via http://regulations.gov. The http://www.regulations.gov Web page will require you to provide your name and 
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE 
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be 
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization 
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your 
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties, 
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your 
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
    However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you 
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment. 
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not 
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your 
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names, 
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any 
documents submitted with the comments.
    Do not submit to http://www.regulations.gov information for which 
disclosure is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and 
commercial or financial information (hereinafter referred to as 
Confidential Business Information (``CBI'')). Comments submitted 
through http://www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed as CBI. Comments 
received through the Web site will waive any CBI claims for the 
information submitted. For information on submitting CBI, see the 
Confidential Business Information section below.
    DOE processes submissions made through http://www.regulations.gov 
before posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of 
being submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being 
processed simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to 
several weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that http://www.regulations.gov provides after you have successfully uploaded your 
comment.
    Submitting comments via email, hand delivery, or mail. Comments and 
documents submitted via email, hand delivery, or mail also will be 
posted to http://www.regulations.gov. If you do not want your personal 
contact information to be publicly viewable, do not include it in your 
comment or any accompanying documents. Instead, provide your contact 
information on a cover letter. Include your first and last names, email 
address, telephone number, and optional mailing address. The cover 
letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it does not include any 
comments.
    Include contact information each time you submit comments, data, 
documents, and other information to DOE. If you submit via mail or hand 
delivery, please provide all items on a CD, if feasible. It is not 
necessary to submit printed copies. No facsimiles (faxes) will be 
accepted.
    Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE 
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or 
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that 
are not secured, written in English and free of any defects or viruses. 
Documents should not contain special characters or any form of 
encryption and, if possible, they should carry the electronic signature 
of the author.
    Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the 
originating organization in batches of between 50 to 500 form letters 
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled 
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting 
time.
    Confidential Business Information. According to 10 CFR 1004.11, any 
person submitting information that he or she believes to be 
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via 
email, postal mail, or hand delivery two well-marked copies: one copy 
of the document marked confidential including all the information 
believed to be confidential, and one copy of the document marked non-
confidential with the information believed to be confidential deleted. 
Submit these documents via email or on a CD, if feasible. DOE will make 
its own determination about the confidential status of the information 
and treat it according to its determination.
    Factors of interest to DOE when evaluating requests to treat 
submitted information as confidential include (1) a description of the 
items, (2) whether and why such items are customarily treated as 
confidential within the industry, (3) whether the information is 
generally known by or available from other sources, (4) whether the 
information has previously been made available to others without 
obligation concerning its confidentiality, (5) an explanation of the 
competitive injury to the submitting person which would result from 
public disclosure, (6) when such information might lose its 
confidential character due to the passage of time, and (7) why 
disclosure of the information would be contrary to the public interest.
    It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public 
docket, without change and as received, including any personal 
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be 
exempt from public disclosure).
    DOE considers public participation to be a very important part of 
the process for developing test procedures and energy conservation 
standards. DOE actively encourages the participation and interaction of 
the public during the comment period in each stage of the rulemaking 
process. Interactions with and between members of the public provide a 
balanced discussion of the issues and assist DOE in the rulemaking 
process. Anyone who wishes to be added to the DOE mailing list to 
receive future notices and information about this rulemaking should 
contact Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-
6636 or via email at [email protected].


[[Page 44353]]


    Issued in Washington, DC, on August 29, 2017.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy.
[FR Doc. 2017-20225 Filed 9-21-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6450-01-P