[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 102 (Tuesday, May 30, 2017)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 24479-24487]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2017-11014]


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COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION

17 CFR Parts 1 and 23

RIN 3038-AE36


Recordkeeping

AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the ``Commission'') 
is amending the recordkeeping obligations set forth in Commission 
regulations along with corresponding technical changes to certain 
provisions regarding retention of oral communications and record 
retention requirements applicable to swap dealers and major swap 
participants, respectively. The amendments modernize and make 
technology neutral the form and manner in which regulatory records must 
be kept, as well as rationalize the rule text for ease of understanding 
for those persons required to keep records pursuant to the Commodity 
Exchange Act (the ``CEA'' or ``Act'') and regulations promulgated by 
the Commission thereunder. The amendments do not alter any existing 
requirements regarding the types of regulatory records to be inspected, 
produced, and maintained set forth in other Commission regulations.

DATES: The effective date for this final rule is August 28, 2017.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Eileen T. Flaherty, Director, (202) 
418-5326, [email protected]; Frank Fisanich, Chief Counsel, (202) 418-
5949, [email protected]; Andrew Chapin, Associate Chief Counsel, (202) 
418-5465, [email protected]; Katherine Driscoll, Associate Chief 
Counsel, (202) 418-5544, [email protected]; C. Barry McCarty, Special 
Counsel, (202) 418-6627, [email protected]; or Jacob Chachkin, Special 
Counsel, (202) 418-5496, [email protected], Division of Swap Dealer 
and Intermediary Oversight, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 
21st Street NW., Washington, DC 20581.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background

    In response to petitions for rulemaking from various industry 
groups requesting amendments to Sec.  1.31, the Commission published in 
the Federal Register on January 19, 2017 a proposal (``Proposal'') to 
amend the recordkeeping obligations applicable to all persons required 
to keep records pursuant to the Act and Commission regulations 
promulgated thereunder (referred to in the Proposal as ``records 
entities'').\1\ Regulation 1.31 sets forth the form and manner in which 
all regulatory records must be kept by records entities. Regulation 
1.31 does not specify the types of regulatory records that must be 
kept, rather it specifies the form and manner in which regulatory 
records required by other Commission regulations are maintained and 
produced to the Commission. The proposed amendments to Sec.  1.31, and 
related technical amendments to Sec. Sec.  1.35 and 23.203, would 
modernize and make technology neutral the form and manner in which 
regulatory records must be kept, as well as rationalize the current 
rule text for ease of understanding. Under the proposed amendments, 
records entities would have greater flexibility regarding the retention 
and production of all regulatory records

[[Page 24480]]

under a less-prescriptive, principles-based approach.
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    \1\ Recordkeeping, 82 FR 6356 (Jan. 19, 2017).
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    Among other proposed changes requested in the petitions for 
rulemaking, the Commission proposed to eliminate the requirement for a 
records entity to: (1) Keep electronic regulatory records in their 
native file format (i.e., in the format in which it was originally 
created); (2) retain any electronic record in a non-rewritable, non-
erasable format (i.e., the ``write once, read many'' or ``WORM'' 
requirement); and (3) engage a third-party technical consultant and for 
the consultant to file certain representations with the Commission 
regarding access to the records entity's electronic regulatory records. 
These proposed changes would be universal to all records entities, 
including intermediaries registered or required to be registered with 
the Commission; registered entities such as designated contract 
markets, swap execution facilities, and derivatives clearing 
organizations; and any other persons required to produce certain 
regulatory records as set forth in other Commission regulations.

II. Summary of Comments

    The Commission received sixteen comment letters on the Proposal 
from a wide range of records entities, including registrants, 
registered entities and other persons subject to the Commission's 
recordkeeping obligations set forth in Sec.  1.31.\2\ All commenters 
generally supported the Commission's efforts to modernize and make 
technology neutral the existing recordkeeping obligations. One 
commenter requested that the Commission limit changes to Sec.  1.31 to 
the elimination of the native file format, WORM, and third-party 
technical consultant requirements, and withdraw the remainder of the 
proposal.\3\ As outlined below, several commenters also suggested 
modifications to the proposed rule text, including the requirement for 
records entities to establish, maintain, and implement written policies 
and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the records entity 
complies with its recordkeeping obligations. For reasons provided 
below, the Commission has accepted certain of these recommendations in 
the amendments being adopted today, but has declined to accept certain 
other recommendations, including recommendations beyond the scope of 
the Proposal.
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    \2\ Comment letters were submitted by the following entities: 
The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association 
(``SIFMA''); CME Group Inc. (``CME''); NASDAQ Futures, Inc. 
(``NASDAQ''); the National Futures Association (``NFA''); SunTrust 
Bank; the Futures Industry Association (``FIA''); the Edison 
Electric Institute and National Rural Electric Cooperative (``EEI & 
NREC''); the Investment Company Institute (``ICI''); Managed Funds 
Association, Investment Adviser Association, Alternative Investment 
Management Association, and SIFMA Asset Management Group 
(``Associations''; the Minneapolis Grain Exchange (``MGEX''); The 
Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (``DTCC''); ICE Futures 
U.S., Inc. (``ICE''); the Commercial Energy Working Group (``Working 
Group''); the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. 
(``ISDA''); the Federal Home Loan Banks (``FHLBanks''); and the 
International Energy Credit Association (``IECA''). All comment 
letters are available on the Commission's Web site at https://comments.cftc.gov/PublicComments/CommentList.aspx?id=1774.
    \3\ See CME comment letter.
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III. Final Rule

    The Commission has considered the comments it received in response 
to the Proposal and is adopting the rule amendments as proposed, with 
the following exceptions: (1) Revising the definition of ``regulatory 
records'' in Sec.  1.31(a); (2) deleting proposed Sec.  1.31(b) 
regarding the requirement for a records entity to establish, maintain, 
and implement written policies and procedures designed to ensure 
compliance with all obligations under Sec.  1.31; (3) amending Sec.  
1.31(c) to limit the retention period for pre- trade communications 
required by Sec.  23.202(a)(1) and Sec.  23.202(b)(1)-(3) to five years 
from the date the communication was created; (4) deleting from Sec.  
1.31(d)(2)(i) the requirement that a records entity retain systems that 
maintain the ``chain of custody elements'' of any electronic regulatory 
record; and (5) re-lettering Sec.  1.31(c)-(f) to account for the 
deletion of proposed Sec.  1.31(b). Specific provisions of the final 
rules are addressed below.

A. Regulation 1.31(a): Definitions

    The Commission proposed to define in Sec.  1.31(a) the terms 
``electronic regulatory records,'' ``records entity,'' and ``regulatory 
records'' as used elsewhere in the section.
    The Commission received several comments regarding the proposed 
definition of ``records entity'' to be any person required by the Act 
or Commission regulations to keep regulatory records. A few commenters 
requested that the Commission exclude from the definition of ``records 
entity'' those persons that are neither registrants nor registered 
entities.\4\ One commenter \5\ further suggested that compliance with 
the proposed changes would impose greater costs on records entities 
that are neither registrants nor registered entities.\6\ In light of 
these comments, the Commission notes that the final rule as adopted by 
this release does not impose any new recordkeeping requirements on any 
records entity, including those that are neither registrants nor 
registered entities, such as commercial end-users. Rather, the final 
rule merely modernizes and makes technology neutral the form and manner 
in which regulatory records must be kept. Further, the final rule is 
clear that it does not override other methods of maintaining records 
that may be specified elsewhere in the Act or other Commission 
regulations.\7\ Thus, commercial end-users that are records entities, 
for example, may continue to maintain records in accordance with their 
current practices if such are permitted by the Act, Commission 
regulations, or existing relief or guidance.\8\ Further, as stated 
above, the final rule removes several obligations regarding the form 
and manner in which regulatory records must be kept that should lessen 
the compliance costs associated with the recordkeeping requirements set 
forth in Sec.  1.31. Given the foregoing, the Commission has determined 
not to exclude any persons required to keep regulatory records from the 
definition of ``records entity.''
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    \4\ E.g., ISDA, ICI, and Associations comment letters.
    \5\ See ISDA comment letter.
    \6\ E.g., Sec.  1.35(a) (Unregistered members of a DCM or SEF 
required to retain records of commodity interests and related cash 
or forward transactions) and Sec. Sec.  32.2, 32.3, 45.2, and 45.6 
(Non-Swap Dealer/Major Swap Participants (``Non-SD/MSPs'') are 
subject to trade option requirements including recordkeeping).
    \7\ See text of final rule, Sec.  1.31(b), (c), and (d), each 
stating, ``[u]nless specified elsewhere in the Act or Commission 
Regulations. . . .''
    \8\ E.g., Revised recordkeeping requirements for trade option 
counterparties that are Non-SD/MSPs, Trade Options, 81 FR 14966, 
14970 (Mar. 21, 2016); and Relief for Unregistered Members from 
retaining text messages and maintaining required records in a 
particular form and manner, Records of Commodity Interest and 
Related Cash or Forward Transactions, 80 FR 80247, 80250-51 (Dec. 
24, 2015).
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    Regarding the definition of ``regulatory records,'' the Commission 
specifically requested comment whether the term ``metadata''--or data 
about data--should be defined. The Commission recognized in the 
Proposal that the term metadata may be generally understood by 
practitioners notwithstanding a lack of universal agreement on an exact 
definition. A majority of commenters on the issue agreed that metadata 
need not be defined at this time as that would be inconsistent with the 
Commission's stated goal to provide for less-prescriptive recordkeeping 
obligations.\9\ Further, one commenter asserted that including metadata 
within the

[[Page 24481]]

definition of a ``regulatory record'' would greatly increase the amount 
and associated costs of data to be stored and potentially subject to 
production requests.\10\ Another commenter stated that records entities 
would be required to pursue, develop, and purchase additional 
technological solutions to ensure compliance if metadata were 
defined.\11\
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    \9\ E.g., FIA and ICE comment letters.
    \10\ See CME comment letter.
    \11\ See Associations comment letter.
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    The Commission notes that it and other federal agencies, including 
the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC''), have been requesting 
metadata in conjunction with information requests to industry for more 
than five years through standardized data delivery standards.\12\ The 
Commission believes that the Sec.  1.31(a) definition of ``regulatory 
record,'' i.e., all data produced and stored electronically describing 
how and when such books and records were created, formatted, or 
modified, is sufficient to support its statutory inspection and 
investigative functions. Thus, the Commission has determined that there 
is no need to define metadata at this time.
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    \12\ The Commission publishes the CFTC Data Delivery Standards 
on its Web site at: http://www.cftc.gov/idc/groups/public/@lrenforcementactions/documents/file/enfdatadeliverystandards052716.pdf. The Commission notes that other 
federal agencies, such as the SEC (https://www.sec.gov/divisions/enforce/datadeliverystandards.pdf), the Department of Justice 
(https://www.justice.gov/atr/case-document/file/494686/download) and 
the Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Asset Control (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC-Enforcement/Documents/ofac_data_delivery.pdf) have similar data delivery 
standards.
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    The Commission further noted in the Proposal that the proposed 
definition of ``regulatory records'' would more clearly state the 
existing requirement for each records entity to maintain a regulatory 
record and any subsequent versions of such record. Multiple commenters 
questioned whether the revised language was, in fact, imposing a new 
requirement to maintain versions of a regulatory record before it 
becomes in fact a regulatory record (i.e., drafts of an agreement 
created during a negotiation but prior to execution).\13\ To clarify 
that the Commission did not intend to require versions of a regulatory 
record prior to its becoming a regulatory record, the Commission is 
modifying the definition of ``regulatory records'' to indicate that the 
term means all books and records required to be kept by the Act or 
Commission regulations, including any record of any correction or other 
amendment to such books and records, provided that, with respect to 
such books and records stored electronically, regulatory records shall 
also include: (i) Any data necessary to access, search, or display any 
such books and records; and (ii) all data produced and stored 
electronically describing how and when such books and records were 
created, formatted, or modified. The Commission believes the definition 
as revised makes clear that a records entity only has the obligation to 
maintain data about a regulatory record after it is created and not 
about the record before it becomes a regulatory record.
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    \13\ E.g., Associations, CME, and ICE comment letters.
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    As noted in the Proposal this is the existing standard in Sec.  
1.31. Under existing Sec.  1.31(b)(1)(ii)(A) electronic records are 
required to be preserved exclusively in a non-rewritable, non-erasable 
format. This provision was designed to ensure the ``trustworthiness of 
documents that may be relied upon by the Commission in conducting 
investigations and entered into evidence in administrative and judicial 
proceedings.'' \14\ It therefore follows that each version of an 
electronic record and all subsequent versions would have to be 
maintained under the existing rule. This requirement provides for a 
comprehensive audit trail, which the Commission believes is vital to 
both the supervision and enforcement of the Act and Commission 
regulations.
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    \14\ See 58 FR at 27460.
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    Finally, another commenter also asserted that retaining all 
versions of a regulatory record is redundant and creates additional 
opportunities for data theft or loss.\15\ The commenter did not provide 
any detail regarding how maintaining subsequent versions of a 
regulatory record, which is an existing requirement under Sec.  1.31, 
raises new concerns about data theft or loss. Thus, the Commission is 
unable to address any such concern at this time.
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    \15\ See CME comment letter.
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B. Regulation 1.31(b): Regulatory Records Policies and Procedures

    The Commission proposed to amend Sec.  1.31(b) to require each 
records entity to establish, maintain, and implement written policies 
and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the records entity 
complies with its obligations under Regulation 1.31. As proposed, the 
written policies and procedures would provide for, without limitation, 
appropriate training of officers and personnel of the records entity 
regarding their responsibility for ensuring compliance with the 
obligations of the records entity under Sec.  1.31, and regular 
monitoring of such compliance.
    Without an explanation of the differences, several commenters 
disagreed with the Commission that the proposed requirement for written 
policies and procedures is consistent with the existing Sec.  
1.31(b)(3) requirement for anyone using electronic storage media to 
develop and maintain written operational procedures and controls (i.e., 
an ``audit system'') designed to provide accountability over both the 
initial entry of required records and the entry of each change made to 
any original or duplicate record.\16\ Again without providing any 
explanation of the differences between the existing ``audit system'' 
requirement and the proposed requirement for written policies and 
procedures or any specific cost estimates, commenters also argued that 
the application of the proposed written policies and procedures 
requirement would create new regulatory obligations for records 
entities which are neither registrants nor registered entities, some of 
whom are commercial end-users.\17\ As a result, commenters argued that 
this additional requirement could deter certain market participants 
from trading swaps and other derivatives products in order to avoid 
having to comply with burdensome recordkeeping requirements.\18\ A few 
commenters argued that the specific reference to training is not 
consistent with the Commission's emphasis on a less-prescriptive, 
principles-based recordkeeping requirement.\19\ Other commenters 
requested that the Commission provide a phase-in period for 
establishing, maintaining and implementing written policies and 
procedures.\20\
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    \16\ E.g., ISDA comment letter.
    \17\ E.g., IECA comment letter.
    \18\ See ISDA comment letter.
    \19\ E.g., Associations comment letter.
    \20\ See MGEX and Working Group comment letters.
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    Having considered these comments, the Commission has determined not 
to adopt the written policies and procedures requirement for records 
entities set forth in proposed Sec.  1.31(b). The final rule, as 
adopted, sets forth the form and manner in which regulatory records 
must be kept, the retention period for various types of regulatory 
records, and the standards for production of regulatory records to the 
Commission. Given these clearly defined obligations, the Commission 
agrees with commenters that the requirement for written policies and 
procedures is unnecessary. As the Commission noted in the Proposal, the 
obligation to satisfy the requirements

[[Page 24482]]

regarding Sec.  1.31 is one that a records entity ignores at its peril. 
It is ultimately the duty and responsibility of records entities to 
ensure accurate and reliable records. The Commission also notes that 
registrants are subject to a duty to diligently supervise all 
activities relating to its business as a Commission registrant, 
pursuant to Sec.  166.3. The Commission does not consider the 
withdrawal of a requirement for written policies and procedures to 
create an explicit or implicit defense against recordkeeping violations 
or failure to supervise violations.

C. Regulation 1.31(b): Duration of Retention

    The Commission proposed to amend Sec.  1.31(c)(re-lettered as Sec.  
1.31(b) in the final rule) to re-state and clarify the existing 
retention period requirements for categories of regulatory records set 
forth in existing Sec.  1.31(a), including the requirement that certain 
records associated with a swap be retained for the duration of the swap 
plus five years. The Commission also proposed to distinguish between 
electronic regulatory records and those records exclusively created and 
maintained on paper by requiring a records entity to keep electronic 
regulatory records readily accessible for the duration of the required 
record keeping period, and not just for the first two years. The 
Commission noted that this standard is consistent with the SEC's 
standard for certain intermediaries.\21\ For ease of understanding, the 
Commission also proposed to amend Sec. Sec.  1.35(a) and 23.203(b)(1) 
and (2) to make technical changes regarding regulatory records related 
to oral communications and swaps-related information maintained by 
swaps dealers and major swap participants, respectively. The Commission 
received several comments regarding various aspects of proposed Sec.  
1.31(c).
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    \21\ SEC Rule 17a-4(f).
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    Two commenters \22\ requested that the Commission reduce the 
retention standard for electronic pre-execution communications required 
by Sec.  23.202 in relation to a swap to five years from the date of 
creation of the regulatory record rather than the current standard of 
the duration of the swap plus five years.\23\ The commenters stated 
that the longer retention period ``places an unnecessary retention 
burden on firms, which exceeds most statutes of limitations or utility 
with respect to underlying transactions.'' \24\ Another commenter 
stated that increasing retention periods for the storage of sensitive 
information in electronic form could put records entities, and their 
third-party service providers, at greater risk in the event of a data 
breach.\25\
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    \22\ See SIFMA and ISDA comment letters.
    \23\ See Sec.  23.202(a)(1).
    \24\ See SIFMA comment letter.
    \25\ See Associations comment letter.
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    The Commission recognizes the increased burden and risk of a longer 
retention period as pointed out by commenters, and, having considered 
such increased burden and risk in light of the nature of the affected 
regulatory records, has determined to require retention of electronic 
communications specified in Sec.  23.202(a)(1) and Sec.  23.202(b)(1)-
(3) only for a period of five years from the date of creation of the 
required record. The Commission notes that these are records of pre-
execution communications and, as such, are likely to be useful for 
regulatory oversight purposes for a shorter length of time than records 
regarding execution of transactions or records of events that effect 
transactions following execution.
    For the avoidance of doubt, the Commission is not changing the 
retention period for execution trade information under Sec.  
23.202(a)(2), post-execution trade information under Sec.  
23.202(a)(3), the ledgers required under Sec.  23.202(a)(4), or the 
daily trading records for related cash and forward transactions in 
Sec.  23.202(b)(4)-(7). However, as previously stated, the Commission 
will continue to monitor changes in information technology and consider 
whether the recordkeeping regulation should be adjusted to reflect 
technological developments.
    Certain commenters requested clarification whether the requirements 
as adopted apply to existing records.\26\ The Commission confirms that 
the requirements adopted by this release do apply to existing records. 
However, the Commission notes that existing recordkeeping methods 
remain valid for compliance with the new rule, and that for many 
records entities, applying the new regime will reduce regulatory 
burdens. For example, many records entities will be permitted to 
maintain existing electronic records in a manner other than in their 
native file format and will no longer be required to retain a third-
party technical consultant with authority to access a records entity's 
existing electronic records.\27\
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    \26\ See FIA and Working Group comment letters.
    \27\ The amendments adopted herein however would not excuse non-
compliance with existing Sec.  1.31 prior to the effective date of 
such amendments.
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D. Regulation 1.31(c): Form and Manner of Retention

    The Commission proposed to adopt Sec.  1.31(d) (re-lettered as 
Sec.  1.31(c) in final rule) to describe recordkeeping requirements 
regarding the form and manner in which regulatory records are retained 
by records entities. Consistent with the Commission's emphasis on a 
less-prescriptive, principles-based approach, proposed Sec.  1.31(d)(1) 
would rephrase the existing requirements in the form of a general 
standard for each records entity to retain all regulatory records in a 
form and manner necessary to ensure the records' and recordkeeping 
systems' authenticity and reliability. The Commission proposed to adopt 
Sec.  1.31(d)(2) to set forth additional controls for records entities 
retaining electronic regulatory records. The Commission emphasized in 
the Proposal that the proposed regulatory text does not create new 
requirements, but rather updates the existing requirements so that they 
are set out in a way that appropriately reflects technological 
advancements and changes to recordkeeping methods since the prior 
amendments of Sec.  1.31 in 1999.
    Various commenters proposed technical amendments to proposed Sec.  
1.31(d)(2). Multiple commenters \28\ requested that the Commission 
delete the ``chain of custody'' provision in proposed Sec.  
1.31(d)(2)(i) because it is a legal evidentiary standard which does not 
translate clearly to the technological requirements for recordkeeping. 
Another commenter similarly noted that the ``chain of custody'' 
requirement is redundant and unnecessarily prescriptive given that 
records entities are required under proposed Regulation 1.31(d)(1) to 
keep regulatory records in a form and manner that ensures the 
authenticity and reliability of such records.\29\ Moreover, one of the 
commenters noted that the proposed definition of ``regulatory records'' 
in proposed Sec.  1.31(a) already includes a chain of custody 
requirement based on the following language: ``data that describes how, 
when, and, if relevant, by whom such electronically stored information 
was collected, created, accessed, modified, or formatted.'' \30\ The 
Commission has considered the comment that the term ``chain of 
custody'' may cause confusion given that it currently exists as a legal 
evidentiary standard and, given that the Commission is also persuaded 
that the concept is adequately covered under the

[[Page 24483]]

definition of ``regulatory records'' it has determined to delete the 
``chain of custody elements'' from the electronic regulatory records 
systems requirement in amended Sec.  1.31(c)(2)(i). The Commission 
notes, however, that the deletion of the term ``chain of custody'' does 
not change the practical requirement that records entities maintain a 
comprehensive audit trail for all electronic regulatory records.
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    \28\ See SIFMA, ISDA, and Associations comment letters.
    \29\ See Working Group comment letter.
    \30\ See SIFMA comment letter.
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    One commenter also requested that the Commission amend proposed 
Sec.  1.31(d)(2)(ii) to incorporate existing business continuity 
planning regulations in lieu of the proposed language: ``in the event 
of an emergency or other disruption of the records entity's electronic 
record retention systems[.]'' \31\ The Commission is not making this 
requested change because records entities are not prohibited by the 
rule from incorporating their obligations to maintain availability of 
regulatory records into their existing business continuity planning. 
The Commission does not believe that the general standard in new Sec.  
1.31(c)(2)(ii) creates an obligation that would conflict with a records 
entity's existing business continuity procedures.
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    \31\ Id.
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    The same commenter also requested that the Commission amend the 
proposed records inventory requirement in new Sec.  1.31(c)(2)(iii) to 
not require system descriptions and information necessary for accessing 
or producing electronic regulatory records because introducing concepts 
related to access and production of records in this section is 
potentially confusing.\32\ For clarity, the Commission notes that data 
necessary to access and produce electronic regulatory records is itself 
a regulatory record under the definition thereof in Sec.  1.31(a). 
Thus, the requirement in new Sec.  1.31(c)(2)(iii) is simply a 
requirement that a records entity keep an up-to-date inventory of the 
systems where such data is maintained.
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    \32\ Id.
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    Another commenter requested that the Commission delete from 
proposed Sec.  1.31(d)(2)(i) the language ``and to monitor compliance 
with the Act and Commission regulations in this Chapter'' because such 
an ``obligation to comply would not normally be embodied in a 
recordkeeping system.'' \33\ The Commission understands this comment to 
mean that the commenter reads proposed Sec.  1.31(d)(2)(1) (re-lettered 
as Sec.  1.31(c)(2)(1) in the final rule) as a stand-alone obligation 
to ``monitor compliance with the Act. . . .'' To clarify, the 
Commission notes that the requirement is to establish systems that 
maintain the security, signature, and data regarding electronic 
regulatory records to ensure that the records entity can monitor 
compliance with the Act. Thus the requirement is not a stand-alone 
obligation to ``monitor compliance with the Act and Commission 
regulations. . . .''
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    \33\ See Associations comment letter.
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    Another commenter objected to the proposed amendments that would 
impose the requirements of proposed Sec.  1.31(d) (re-lettered as Sec.  
1.31(c) in the final rule) on commercial end-users that happen to be 
records entities, including the requirements that ``each records entity 
maintaining electronic regulatory records shall establish appropriate 
systems and controls that ensure the authenticity and reliability of 
electronic regulatory records[.]'' \34\ The commenter stated that 
commercial end-users should not be subject to the obligation to 
establish ``systems and controls . . . that ensure the authenticity of 
the information . . . and . . . monitor compliance with the Act and 
Commission regulations in this chapter[]'' because the expense and 
burden of that obligation goes beyond the recordkeeping methods allowed 
in other Commission regulations allowing commercial end-users to retain 
and maintain their records in the ordinary or normal course of 
business.\35\ Moreover, the commenter stated that the creation of an 
``up-to-date inventory'' appears to impose an entirely new regulatory 
recordkeeping expense that will require a commercial end-user to 
produce an inventory of its electronic records, and keep that inventory 
up to date, with respect to the ``electronic records'' that a 
commercial end-user is allowed in other Commission regulations to 
retain and maintain in the ordinary or normal course of business.\36\
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    \34\ See IECA comment letter.
    \35\ See e.g., Sec.  20.6(c) regarding large trader reporting 
for physical commodity swaps.
    \36\ See e.g., Sec. Sec.  32.2, 32.3, 45.2, and 45.6 regarding 
trade option requirements for Non-SD/MSPs.
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    The Commission declines to revise the rule in response to this 
comment because, as noted previously, Sec.  1.31(d) (re-lettered as 
Sec.  1.31(c) in the final rule) does not impose any new recordkeeping 
requirements on any records entity, including those that are commercial 
end-users. Rather, the final rule merely modernizes and makes 
technology neutral the form and manner in which regulatory records must 
be kept. Further, the final rule is clear that it does not override 
other methods of maintaining records that may be specified elsewhere in 
the Act or other Commission regulations. Thus, commercial end-users 
that are records entities, for example, may continue to maintain 
records in accordance with their current practices if such are 
permitted by the Act, Commission regulations, or existing relief or 
guidance. Finally, as described above, the final rule removes several 
obligations regarding the form and manner in which regulatory records 
must be kept that should lessen the compliance costs associated with 
the recordkeeping requirements set forth in Sec.  1.31 generally.
    In response to a specific question in the Proposal as to whether 
the Commission should routinely publish guidelines regarding the 
technical standards for electronic regulatory records, one commenter 
argued that publication of such standards likely would result in 
increased cost and devotion of technical resources to ensure compliance 
with any changing standards.\37\ The commenter specifically requested 
that the Commission avoid publishing guidelines for technical standards 
of regulatory records and simply monitor records entities to ensure 
that regulatory records are retained in a ``form and manner necessary 
to ensure the records' and recordkeeping systems' authenticity and 
reliability.'' Given that only one commenter responded to the request 
for comment, and responded negatively, the Commission is persuaded that 
publishing guidelines regarding the technical standards for electronic 
regulatory records would not be helpful at this time.
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    \37\ See MGEX comment letter.
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    Regarding the form and manner of retention of electronic regulatory 
records, one commenter requested confirmation that the specific means 
of electronic storage that the commenter employs is an acceptable means 
for storing electronic regulatory records.\38\ As noted throughout this 
adopting release the Commission believes that the amendments to Sec.  
1.31 are intended to be technology neutral and therefore the Commission 
is not requiring or endorsing any type of record retention system or 
technology.
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    \38\ See DTCC comment letter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to the effective date of these regulations, a few 
commenters requested a three- or six-month phase-in period for 
compliance.\39\ Although the Commission has noted throughout this 
adopting release that it believes that the amendments adopted today are 
not

[[Page 24484]]

creating any new compliance obligations for any records entities, it is 
nevertheless persuaded that a three-month phase-in for compliance is a 
reasonable request. Thus, the Commission has determined that the 
effective date for the proposed amendments will be 90 days from the 
date of publication.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ See MGEX and Working Group comment letters.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Regulation 1.31(d): Inspection and Production of Regulatory Records

    The Commission proposed to adopt new Sec.  1.31(e) (re-lettered as 
Sec.  1.31(d) in the final rule) to re-state and clarify the right of 
inspection of the Commission and the United States Department of 
Justice in existing Sec.  1.31(a)(1). One commenter requested that the 
Commission engage in a dialogue with industry to address challenges 
presented by the production requirements of Sec.  1.31, including the 
scope of what is subject to a production request and who may make such 
a request.\40\ In particular, the commenter stated that Sec.  1.31 
should recognize the long standing protections of attorney-client 
privilege and expressly exclude such information from the rule's 
production requirement.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \40\ See CME comment letter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission believes that the proposed amendment to Sec.  
1.31(e) does not alter the existing right of inspection regarding 
regulatory records and notes that attorney-client protections are 
addressed elsewhere in federal and state law.\41\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ See Wigmore on Evidence: Evidence in Trials at Common Law--
Wigmore, Rule 502. Attorney- Client Privilege and Work Product 
(online version updated 4/2017), for a comprehensive list of 
attorney-client protections under federal and state law. Further, in 
1999, the Commission addressed the waiver of privilege issue as 
follows: ``As is currently the case with all Commission required 
records, recordkeepers may not deny authorized Commission 
representatives access to any individual storage medium that 
includes Commission-required records or delay production while the 
individual storage medium is reviewed for the presence of privileged 
material. The final rule merely eliminates the regulatory inference 
that the commingling of Commission-required records with non-
Commission-required records necessarily amounts to a waiver of any 
privilege otherwise covering the latter category of records.'' See 
Recordkeeping, 64 FR 28735, 28740, note 40 (May 27, 1999).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

F. Comments Beyond the Scope of the Proposed Rulemaking

    Although the Commission stated that the Proposal was limited to 
amendments to Sec.  1.31 and related technical amendments, the 
Commission received several comments regarding matters outside the 
scope of the Proposal, as discussed below.
    The petitioners for rulemaking restated their request from their 
original petition that the Commission adopt amendments to Part 4 of the 
Commission's regulations regarding certain recordkeeping requirements 
applicable to commodity pool operators and commodity trading 
advisors.\42\ The Proposal did not address any such amendments and thus 
such amendments are outside of the scope of this rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ See Associations and ICI comment letters.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Another commenter \43\ acknowledged that the Regulation AT 
rulemaking \44\ addresses source code issues outside the scope of the 
Proposal, but nonetheless requested the Commission provide additional 
guidance regarding any requests for source code information by the 
Commission subject to Sec.  1.31. In response to this request, the 
Commission reiterates that production of source code is outside the 
scope of this rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ See FIA comment letter.
    \44\ See Regulation Automated Trading, 81 FR 85334 (Nov. 25, 
2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, another commenter \45\ recommended that the SEC amend SEC 
Rule 17a-4 regarding the recordkeeping obligations of broker-dealers, 
some of whom are also registered as futures commission merchants with 
the Commission. The Commission does not have jurisdiction with respect 
to SEC regulations and thus such recommendation is outside of the scope 
of this rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ See SIFMA comment letter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Related Matters

A. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (``RFA'') \46\ requires Federal 
agencies, in promulgating regulations, to consider whether the rules 
they propose will have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities and, if so, to provide a regulatory 
flexibility analysis regarding the economic impact on those entities. 
In the Proposal, the Commission certified that the Proposal would not 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. The Commission received no comments with respect to the RFA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed above, because the final rule relates to most 
recordkeeping obligations under the Act and the Commission's 
regulations, it may affect the full spectrum of Commission registrants, 
all persons required to register but not registered with the 
Commission, and certain persons that are neither registered nor 
required to register with the Commission. The Commission has previously 
determined that certain registrants are not small entities for purposes 
of the RFA and, therefore, the requirements of the RFA do not apply to 
those entities.\47\ For other registrants, however, the Commission has 
found it appropriate to consider whether such registrants should be 
deemed small entities for purposes of the RFA on a case-by-case basis, 
in the context of the particular Commission regulation at issue.\48\ As 
certain persons affected by the final rule, including Commission 
registrants, may be small entities for purposes of the RFA, the 
Commission considered whether this rulemaking would have a significant 
economic impact on any such persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ See, e.g., Policy Statement and Establishment of 
Definitions of ``Small Entities'' for Purposes of the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act, 47 FR 18618 (Apr. 30, 1982) (futures commission 
merchants and commodity pool operators); Leverage Transactions, 54 
FR 41068 (Oct. 5, 1989) (leverage transaction merchants); Regulation 
of Off-Exchange Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions and 
Intermediaries, 75 FR 55410, 55416 (Sept. 10, 2010) (retail foreign 
exchange dealers); and Registration of Swap Dealers and Major Swap 
Participants, 77 FR 2613, 2620 (Jan. 19, 2012) (swap dealers and 
major swap participants).
    \48\ See 47 FR at 18620 (commodity trading advisors and floor 
brokers); Registration of Floor Traders; Mandatory Ethics Training 
for Registrants; Suspension of Registrants Charged With Felonies, 58 
FR 19575, 19588 (Apr. 15, 1993) (floor traders); and Introducing 
Brokers and Associated Persons of Introducing Brokers, Commodity 
Trading Advisors and Commodity Pool Operators; Registration and 
Other Regulatory Requirements, 48 FR 35248, 35276 (Aug. 3, 1983) 
(introducing brokers).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed in the Proposal, the final rule generally updates and 
simplifies existing Commission regulation 1.31 with new provisions that 
maintain the ability of the Commission to examine and inspect 
regulatory records. It accomplishes this by deleting outdated terms and 
revising provisions to reflect advances in information technology, 
allowing records entities to benefit from evolving technological 
developments while maintaining necessary safeguards to ensure the 
reliability of the recordkeeping process. It also reduces the retention 
period for certain regulatory records related to swaps and related cash 
and forward transactions, as discussed above.
    The Commission believed that the Proposal would impose only limited 
additional costs on small entities related to the requirement that they 
establish written recordkeeping policies and procedures. However, for 
the reasons discussed above, the Commission has been persuaded to not 
require such written recordkeeping policies and procedures.
    As a result, the final rule is not expected to impose any new 
burdens on market participants. The Commission

[[Page 24485]]

does not, therefore, expect small entities to incur any additional 
costs as a result of the final rule. In addition, the Commission does 
not expect the economic value of the benefit to small entities of the 
final rule to be significant. Consequently, the Commission finds that 
no significant economic impact on small entities will result from the 
final rule.
    Accordingly, for the reasons stated above, the Commission believes 
that the final rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. Therefore, the Acting Chairman, 
on behalf of the Commission, hereby certifies, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 
605(b), that the final rule being published today by this Federal 
Register release will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

1. Background
    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (``PRA'') \49\ imposes certain 
requirements on Federal agencies (including the Commission) in 
connection with their conducting or sponsoring any collection of 
information as defined by the PRA. The final rule does not impose any 
new recordkeeping or information collection requirements, or other 
collections of information that require approval of the Office of 
Management and Budget (``OMB'') under the PRA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed above, the Proposal would have replaced the existing 
audit system requirements in Commission regulation 1.31 with a 
requirement that records entities establish written recordkeeping 
policies and procedures. Such changes would have resulted in revisions 
to ``Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps-Records of 
Transactions, OMB control number 3038-0090''. Because the Commission 
has been persuaded not to require such written recordkeeping policies 
and procedures, the Commission will not be modifying this OMB control 
number to reflect the addition of the proposed recordkeeping policies 
and procedures requirement. As discussed in the Proposal, however, the 
Commission will submit to OMB revisions to OMB control number 3038-0090 
to reflect the final rule's removal of the audit system requirements in 
current Commission regulation 1.31.
2. Information Collection Comments
    In the Proposal, the Commission invited the public and other 
Federal agencies to comment on any aspect of the information collection 
requirements discussed therein, including that the only collection of 
information within the meaning of the PRA added or modified by the 
Proposal would be in respect of the proposed, but not adopted, 
requirement that records entities establish recordkeeping policies and 
procedures. The Commission did not receive any such comments.

C. Cost-Benefit Considerations

    Section 15(a) of the Act \50\ requires the Commission to consider 
the costs and benefits of its actions before issuing a regulation under 
the Act. Section 15(a) further specifies that the costs and benefits 
shall be evaluated in light of the following five broad areas of market 
and public concern: (i) Protection of market participants and the 
public; (ii) efficiency, competitiveness and financial integrity of 
futures markets; (iii) price discovery; (iv) sound risk management 
practices; and (v) other public interest considerations. The Commission 
considers the costs and benefits resulting from its discretionary 
determinations with respect to the Section 15(a) considerations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ 7 U.S.C. 19(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Costs
    As discussed above in relation to the RFA, the Proposal generally 
updates and simplifies existing Commission regulation 1.31 by deleting 
outdated terms and revising provisions to reflect advances in 
information technology while safeguarding the reliability of the 
recordkeeping process. The Commission believes that the final rule does 
not impose any additional costs on records entities.
2. Benefits
    The Commission is committed to reviewing its regulations to ensure 
they keep pace with technological developments and industry trends, and 
reduce regulatory burden. The Commission believes that the final rule 
will allow records entities to benefit from evolving technology while 
maintaining necessary safeguards to ensure the reliability of the 
recordkeeping process. By deleting outdated terms and revising 
provisions to reflect advances in information technology, the final 
rule will allow records entities to utilize a wider range of currently 
available technology than previously allowed and remove or modify 
requirements that the Commission believes are now obsolete (e.g., 
removing the requirements to have an audit system, to maintain 
electronic records in limited specified formats, and to retain a 
Technical Consultant, and reducing the retention period for certain 
regulatory records of swaps and related cash or forward transactions), 
allowing records entities to reduce their costs. In addition, the 
Commission believes that the flexibility provided by the final rule 
will, without further Commission rulemaking, allow records entities to 
adopt new technologies as such technologies evolve, allowing such 
persons to reduce future costs.
    Moreover, the Commission expects that the added flexibility 
provided by the final rule will encourage records entities to utilize 
electronic storage rather than maintain paper regulatory records. The 
Commission expects that this conversion will benefit the Commission, 
the Department of Justice, and the commodity interest industry, 
generally, by making the universe of regulatory records more accessible 
and searchable.
3. Section 15(a) Factors
    Section 15(a) of the CEA requires the Commission to consider the 
costs and benefits of its actions before promulgating a regulation 
under the CEA or issuing certain orders. CEA Section 15(a) further 
specifies that the costs and benefits shall be evaluated in light of 
five broad areas of market and public concern: (i) Protection of market 
participants and the public; (ii) efficiency, competitiveness, and 
financial integrity of futures markets; (iii) price discovery; (iv) 
sound risk management practices; and (v) other public interest 
considerations.
i. Protection of Market Participants and the Public
    Because the final rule does not alter any existing requirements 
regarding the type of regulatory records to be produced and maintained, 
but, rather, modernizes and makes technology neutral the form and 
manner in which certain regulatory records must be kept the Commission 
believes that the final rule will continue to protect the public by 
maintaining necessary safeguards to ensure the reliability of the 
recordkeeping process while allowing records entities to benefit from 
evolving technology.
ii. Efficiency, Competitiveness, and Financial Integrity of Markets
    As discussed above, the final rule, by providing additional 
flexibility to records entities to electronically store their 
regulatory records, may increase resource allocation efficiency by 
improving the way in which such records are maintained. Apart from 
that,

[[Page 24486]]

the Commission anticipates minimal change to the efficiency, 
competitiveness, and financial integrity of the markets, because this 
rulemaking only affects recordkeeping and not how these markets 
otherwise operate.
iii. Price Discovery
    The Commission believes that the final rule may increase confidence 
and participation in the markets by lowering costs for records entities 
and by encouraging the electronic storage of regulatory records, 
allowing such records to be more easily accessed and searched. 
Nevertheless, the Commission does not anticipate a significant increase 
in liquidity or a significant improvement in price discovery as a 
result of the final rule.
iv. Sound Risk Management Practices
    The Commission does not believe that the final rule will have any 
significant impact on sound financial risk management practices because 
this rulemaking only affects recordkeeping and not how market 
participants conduct financial risk management. The Commission believes 
that the final rule may result in minor improvements to operational 
risk management because, as noted above, it will provide additional 
flexibility to records entities to electronically store their 
regulatory records.
v. Other Public Interest Considerations
    The Commission has not identified any additional public interest 
considerations.
4. Comments on Cost-Benefit Considerations
    The Commission invited public comment on its cost-benefit 
considerations in the Proposal, including the Section 15(a) factors 
described above. Commenters were invited to submit with their comment 
letters any data or other information that they had that quantified or 
qualified the costs and benefits of the Proposal. The Commission 
received a number of comments on the Proposal as described above; 
however, none of the persons who commented on the Proposal submitted 
any data or other information that quantified or qualified the costs 
and benefits of the Proposal. Nevertheless, in response to certain 
comments on the Proposal, and to reduce the costs of the final rule on 
records entities, the Commission has been persuaded not to require in 
the final rule the written recordkeeping policies and procedures that 
had been proposed in Sec.  1.31(b) because the alternative suggested by 
commenters achieves all the recordkeeping objectives of the Commission.

List of Subjects

17 CFR Part 1

    Commodity futures, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

17 CFR Part 23

    Authority delegations (Government agencies), Commodity futures, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Commodity Futures 
Trading Commission amends 17 CFR chapter I as follows:

PART 1--GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT

0
1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  7 U.S.C. 1a, 2, 5, 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, 
6h, 6i, 6k, 6l, 6m, 6n, 6o, 6p, 6r, 6s, 7, 7a-1, 7a-2, 7b, 7b-3, 8, 
9, 10a, 12, 12a, 12c, 13a, 13a-1, 16, 16a, 19, 21, 23, and 24 
(2012).


0
2. Revise Sec.  1.31 to read as follows:


Sec.  1.31  Regulatory records; retention and production.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
    Electronic regulatory records means all regulatory records other 
than regulatory records exclusively created and maintained by a records 
entity on paper.
    Records entity means any person required by the Act or Commission 
regulations in this chapter to keep regulatory records.
    Regulatory records means all books and records required to be kept 
by the Act or Commission regulations in this chapter, including any 
record of any correction or other amendment to such books and records, 
provided that, with respect to such books and records stored 
electronically, regulatory records shall also include:
    (i) Any data necessary to access, search, or display any such books 
and records; and
    (ii) All data produced and stored electronically describing how and 
when such books and records were created, formatted, or modified.
    (b) Duration of retention. Unless specified elsewhere in the Act or 
Commission regulations in this chapter:
    (1) A records entity shall keep regulatory records of any swap or 
related cash or forward transaction (as defined in Sec.  23.200(i) of 
this chapter), other than regulatory records required by Sec.  
23.202(a)(1) and (b)(1)-(3) of this chapter, from the date the 
regulatory record was created until the termination, maturity, 
expiration, transfer, assignment, or novation date of the transaction 
and for a period of not less than five years after such date.
    (2) A records entity that is required to retain oral 
communications, shall keep regulatory records of oral communications 
for a period of not less than one year from the date of such 
communication.
    (3) A records entity shall keep each regulatory record other than 
the records described in paragraphs (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section 
for a period of not less than five years from the date on which the 
record was created.
    (4) A records entity shall keep regulatory records exclusively 
created and maintained on paper readily accessible for no less than two 
years. A records entity shall keep electronic regulatory records 
readily accessible for the duration of the required record keeping 
period.
    (c) Form and manner of retention. Unless specified elsewhere in the 
Act or Commission regulations in this chapter, all regulatory records 
must be created and retained by a records entity in accordance with the 
following requirements:
    (1) Generally. Each records entity shall retain regulatory records 
in a form and manner that ensures the authenticity and reliability of 
such regulatory records in accordance with the Act and Commission 
regulations in this chapter.
    (2) Electronic regulatory records. Each records entity maintaining 
electronic regulatory records shall establish appropriate systems and 
controls that ensure the authenticity and reliability of electronic 
regulatory records, including, without limitation:
    (i) Systems that maintain the security, signature, and data as 
necessary to ensure the authenticity of the information contained in 
electronic regulatory records and to monitor compliance with the Act 
and Commission regulations in this chapter;
    (ii) Systems that ensure the records entity is able to produce 
electronic regulatory records in accordance with this section, and 
ensure the availability of such regulatory records in the event of an 
emergency or other disruption of the records entity's electronic record 
retention systems; and
    (iii) The creation and maintenance of an up-to-date inventory that 
identifies and describes each system that maintains information 
necessary for accessing or producing electronic regulatory records.

[[Page 24487]]

    (d) Inspection and production of regulatory records. Unless 
specified elsewhere in the Act or Commission regulations in this 
chapter, a records entity, at its own expense, must produce or make 
accessible for inspection all regulatory records in accordance with the 
following requirements:
    (1) Inspection. All regulatory records shall be open to inspection 
by any representative of the Commission or the United States Department 
of Justice.
    (2) Production of paper regulatory records. A records entity must 
produce regulatory records exclusively created and maintained on paper 
promptly upon request of a Commission representative.
    (3) Production of electronic regulatory records. (i) A request from 
a Commission representative for electronic regulatory records will 
specify a reasonable form and medium in which a records entity must 
produce such regulatory records.
    (ii) A records entity must produce such regulatory records in the 
form and medium requested promptly, upon request, unless otherwise 
directed by the Commission representative.
    (4) Production of original regulatory records. A records entity may 
provide an original regulatory record for reproduction, which a 
Commission representative may temporarily remove from such entity's 
premises for this purpose. Upon request of the records entity, the 
Commission representative shall issue a receipt for any original 
regulatory record received. At the request of a Commission 
representative, a records entity shall, upon the return thereof, issue 
a receipt for the original regulatory record returned by such 
representative.

0
3. In Sec.  1.35, revise paragraph (a)(5) to read as follows:


Sec.  1.35  Records of commodity interest and related cash or forward 
transactions.

    (a) * * *
    (5) Form and manner. All records required to be kept pursuant to 
paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), and (a)(4) of this section, other 
than pre-trade communications, shall be kept in a form and manner that 
allows for the identification of a particular transaction.
* * * * *

PART 23--SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS

0
4. The authority citation for part 23 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  7 U.S.C. 1a, 2, 6, 6a, 6b, 6b-1, 6c, 6p, 6r, 6s, 6t, 
9, 9a, 12, 12a, 13b, 13c, 16a, 18, 19, 21.
    Section 23.160 also issued under 7 U.S.C. 2(i); Sec. 721(b), 
Pub. L. 111-203, 124 Stat. 1641 (2010).

0
5. In Sec.  23.203, amend paragraph (b) as follows:
0
a. Revise paragraph (b)(1); and
0
b. Remove and reserve paragraph (b)(2).
    The revisions to read as follows:


Sec.  23.203  Records; retention and inspection.

* * * * *
    (b) Record retention. (1) The records required to be maintained by 
this chapter shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of 
Sec.  1.31 of this chapter, except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section. All such records shall be open to inspection by any 
representative of the Commission, the United States Department of 
Justice, or any applicable prudential regulator. Records relating to 
swaps defined in section 1a(47)(A)(v) shall be open to inspection by 
any representative of the Commission, the United States Department of 
Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any applicable 
prudential regulator.
    (2) [Reserved]
* * * * *

    Issued in Washington, DC, on May 23, 2017, by the Commission.
Christopher J. Kirkpatrick,
Secretary of the Commission.

    Note: The following appendix will not appear in the Code of 
Federal Regulations.

Appendix to Recordkeeping--Commission Voting Summary

    On this matter, Acting Chairman Giancarlo and Commissioner Bowen 
voted in the affirmative. No Commissioner voted in the negative.

[FR Doc. 2017-11014 Filed 5-26-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6351-01-P