[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 212 (Wednesday, November 2, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 76315-76323]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-26227]


 ========================================================================
 Proposed Rules
                                                 Federal Register
 ________________________________________________________________________
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 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of 
 the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these 
 notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in 
 the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
 
 ========================================================================
 

  Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 212 / Wednesday, November 2, 2016 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 76315]]



DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

18 CFR Parts 342, 343, and 357

[Docket No. RM17-1-000]


Revisions to Indexing Policies and Page 700 of FERC Form No. 6

AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of Energy.

ACTION: Advance notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: The Commission seeks comment regarding potential modifications 
to its policies for evaluating oil pipeline indexed rate changes. The 
Commission also seeks comment regarding potential changes to FERC Form 
No. 6, page 700. The Commission invites all interested persons to 
submit comments in response to the proposals.

DATES: Initial Comments are due December 19, 2016, and Reply Comments 
are due January 31, 2017.

ADDRESSES: Comments, identified by docket number, may be filed in the 
following ways:
     Electronic Filing through http://www.ferc.gov. Documents 
created electronically using word processing software should be filed 
in native applications or print-to-PDF format and not in a scanned 
format.
     Mail/Hand Delivery: Those unable to file electronically 
may mail or hand-deliver comments to: Federal Energy Regulatory 
Commission, Secretary of the Commission, 888 First Street NE., 
Washington, DC 20426.
    Instructions: For detailed instructions on submitting comments and 
additional information on the rulemaking process, see the Comment 
Procedures section of this document.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Adrianne Cook (Technical Information), Office of Energy Market 
Regulation, 888 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20426, (202) 502-8849
Monil Patel (Technical Information), Office of Energy Market 
Regulation, 888 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20426, (202) 502-8296
Andrew Knudsen (Legal Information), Office of the General Counsel, 888 
First Street NE., Washington, DC 20426, (202) 502-6527

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

 
                                                              Paragraph
                     Table of Contents                         numbers
 
I. Background..............................................            4
II. Indexing Policies......................................            7
III. Modifications to Page 700.............................           13
    A. Background..........................................           14
    B. Supplemental Page 700s..............................           16
    C. Additional Reporting Requirements on Page 700.......           22
IV. Burden.................................................           31
V. Comment Procedures......................................           31
VI. Document Availability..................................           32
 


    1. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) is 
considering modifications to its policies for evaluating oil pipeline 
index rate changes and to the data reporting requirements reflected in 
page 700 of Form No. 6. As discussed below, the Commission's index 
ratemaking methodology has become the predominant mechanism for 
adjusting oil pipeline rates under the Interstate Commerce Act (ICA). 
Therefore, ensuring that index rate increases do not cause pipeline 
revenues to unreasonably depart from oil pipeline costs, and that both 
the Commission and oil pipeline shippers have sufficient information to 
assess the relationship between oil pipeline rates and costs, is 
essential to the Commission's implementation of its statutory 
obligations under the ICA. In this Advance Notice of Proposed 
Rulemaking (ANOPR), the Commission is considering a series of reforms 
to improve the Commission's and shippers' ability to ensure that oil 
pipeline rates are just and reasonable.
    2. This ANOPR is the result of the Commission's ongoing monitoring 
and evaluation of the relationship between oil pipeline costs and 
rates. In 2015, the Liquids Shippers Group,\1\ Airlines for America,\2\ 
and the National Propane Gas Association \3\ (collectively, Joint 
Shippers) filed a petition for rulemaking seeking additional cost 
information on Form No. 6, page 700.\4\ In July 2015, the Commission 
held a technical conference discussing this proposal, including the 
Joint Shippers' asserted need for greater insight into oil pipelines' 
costs and revenues to enable shippers to challenge oil pipeline rates 
that may be unjust and unreasonable.
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    \1\ Liquids Shippers Group consists of the following crude oil 
or natural gas liquids producers: Anadarko Energy Services Company, 
Apache Corporation, Cenovus Energy Marketing Services Ltd., 
ConocoPhillips Company, Devon Gas Services LP, Encana Marketing 
(USA) Inc., Marathon Oil Company, Murphy Exploration and Production 
Company USA, Noble Energy Inc., Pioneer Natural Resources USA Inc., 
and Statoil Marketing and Trading (US) Inc.
    \2\ Airlines for America is a trade association representing 
cargo and passenger airlines, including Alaska Airlines, Inc., 
American Airlines Group (American Airlines and US Airways), Atlas 
Air, Inc., Delta Air Lines, Inc., Federal Express Corporation, 
Hawaiian Airlines, JetBlue Airways Corp., Southwest Airlines Co., 
United Continental Holdings, Inc., and United Parcel Service Co.
    \3\ The National Propane Gas Association is a national trade 
association of the propane industry with a membership of 
approximately 3,000 companies, including 38 affiliated state and 
regional associations representing members in all 50 states.
    \4\ Petition for Rulemaking, Docket No. RM15-19-000 (filed April 
20, 2015) (Petition).
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    3. In addition, the Commission recently completed the 2015 Five-
Year Indexing Review proceeding, which involved an assessment of the 
relationship between the oil pipeline

[[Page 76316]]

index and industry costs.\5\ Although the five-year review process 
addressed the calculation of the index-level on an industry-wide basis, 
it did not address how individual oil pipelines may adjust their rates 
based on the approved index.
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    \5\ Five Year Review of the Oil Pipeline Index, 153 FERC ] 
61,312 (2015).
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    4. However, through the Commission's ongoing monitoring of how the 
index affects pipeline rates, the Commission has observed that some 
pipelines continue to obtain additional index rate increases despite 
reporting on Form No. 6, page 700 revenues that significantly exceed 
costs. The Commission's experience with index proceedings has also 
indicated that our standards for evaluating shipper objections to index 
filings could be strengthened and clarified, to both protect against 
excessive rate increases and, consistent with the streamlined and 
simplified methodology required by Congress,\6\ minimize costly and 
time-consuming litigation regarding pipeline rates.
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    \6\ See infra P 8.
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    5. Accordingly, in this ANOPR, the Commission proposes reforms to 
its review of oil pipeline index rate filings and the reporting 
requirements for Form No. 6, page 700 to better fulfill its statutory 
obligations under the ICA. First, the Commission is considering a new 
policy that would deny proposed index increases if (a) a pipeline's 
Form No. 6, page 700 revenues exceed the page 700 total cost-of-service 
by 15 percent for both of the prior two years or (b) the proposed index 
increases exceed by 5 percent the annual cost changes reported on the 
pipeline's most recently filed page 700.
    6. Second, in response to the Joint Shippers' Petition, the 
Commission is also considering applying these new reforms to costs more 
closely associated with the proposed indexed rate than the total 
company-wide costs and revenues presently reported by oil pipelines on 
page 700. Accordingly, the Commission is considering requiring 
pipelines to file supplemental page 700s for (a) crude pipelines and 
product pipelines, (b) non-contiguous systems, and (c) major pipeline 
systems. The Commission also seeks comments regarding a proposed 
requirement that pipelines report (a) information regarding the 
allocations used to prepare the supplemental page 700s, and (b) 
separate revenues for cost-based rates (e.g. indexing), non-cost-based 
rates (e.g. market-based rates or settlement rates), and other 
jurisdictional revenues (such as penalties).

I. Background

    7. The Commission regulates the rates, terms, and conditions that 
oil pipelines charge under the Interstate Commerce Act (ICA).\7\ The 
ICA prohibits oil pipelines from charging rates that are ``unjust and 
unreasonable'' and permits shippers and the Commission to challenge 
both pre-existing and newly filed rates.\8\
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    \7\ 49 App. U.S.C. 1 et seq. (1988).
    \8\ 49 App. U.S.C. 13(1), 15(1), and 15(7).
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    8. In the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992), Congress mandated 
that the Commission establish a simplified and generally applicable 
ratemaking methodology for oil pipelines and streamline procedures in 
oil pipeline rate proceedings.\9\ In response to EPAct 1992's mandate, 
the Commission issued Order No. 561 creating the indexing 
methodology,\10\ which allows oil pipelines to change their rates 
subject to certain ceiling levels as opposed to making cost-of-service 
filings to change those rates. These ceiling levels change every July 1 
with an index based upon industry-wide cost changes.\11\ Indexing 
serves as the Commission's primary oil pipeline ratemaking methodology. 
However, the Commission also permits oil pipelines to change their 
rates via (a) a traditional cost-of-service filing based upon a showing 
that a substantial divergence exists between the pipeline's indexed 
rates and the pipeline's costs, (b) market-based rates if the pipeline 
can demonstrate it lacks market power, and (c) settlement rates.\12\
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    \9\ Energy Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102-486 Sec. 1803(b), 
106 Stat. 3010 (Oct. 24, 1992).
    \10\ Revisions to Oil Pipeline Regulations pursuant to Energy 
Policy Act of 1992, Order No. 561, FERC Stats. & Regs, ] 30,985, at 
30,940 (1993), order on reh'g and clarification, Order No. 561-A, 
FERC Stats. & Regs., ] 31,000 (1994), aff'd sub nom. Ass'n of Oil 
Pipe Lines v. FERC, 83 F.3d 1424 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (AOPL).
    \11\ Pursuant to the Commission's indexing methodology, oil 
pipelines change their rate ceiling levels effective every July 1 by 
``multiplying the previous index year's ceiling level by the most 
recent index published by the Commission.'' 18 CFR 342.3(d)(1) 
(2016). Currently, the index level is based upon the Producer's 
Price Index for Finished Goods plus 1.23, which was based upon the 
relationship between PPI-FG and oil pipeline cost changes during the 
2009-2014 period. The index level is reviewed every five-years. See 
Five-Year Review of the Oil Pipeline Index, 153 FERC ] 61,312 
(2015).
    \12\ 18 CFR 342.4 (2016).
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    9. At the same time it created the indexing methodology, the 
Commission added page 700 to Form No. 6 to serve as a preliminary 
screening tool to evaluate indexed rates.\13\ Page 700 provides a 
simplified presentation of an oil pipeline's jurisdictional cost-of-
service and revenues. In its present form, page 700 reflects only total 
company data and does not provide separate costs-of-service for 
different parts of a pipeline system.
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    \13\ Cost-of-Service Reporting and Filing Requirements for Oil 
Pipelines, Order No. 571, FERC Stats. & Regs., ] 31,006 (1994), 
order on reh'g and clarification, Order No. 571-A, FERC Stats. & 
Regs., ] 31,012 (1994), aff'd sub nom. All jurisdictional pipelines 
are required to file page 700, including pipelines exempt from 
filing the full Form 6. 18 CFR 357.2(a)(2) and (a)(3) (2016).
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    10. Page 700 serves as the means for the Commission's initial 
evaluation of protests and complaints alleging that a pipeline's 
indexed rate change is ``substantially in excess'' of the pipeline's 
cost changes.\14\ When a shipper files a protest against an oil 
pipeline's indexed rate change, the percentage comparison test has been 
used by the Commission to determine whether to investigate the indexed 
filing. The percentage comparison test compares (a) the change in the 
prior two years' total cost-of-service data reported on page 700 with 
(b) the proposed indexed rate change.\15\ If the percentage comparison 
test differential is greater than 10 percent, the Commission has 
historically investigated the protested index filing via subsequent 
administrative law judge hearing procedures, and, depending upon the 
outcome of that investigation, may modify or reject the index rate 
change. If the differential is less than 10 percent, the Commission has 
generally exercised its discretion to accept the rate filing without an 
investigation.\16\
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    \14\ 18 CFR 343.2(c) (2016).
    \15\ Calnev Pipe Line L.L.C., 130 FERC ] 61,082, at PP 10-11 
(2010) (Calnev).
    \16\ SFPP, L.P., 143 FERC ] 61,141, at P 6 (2013).
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    11. The Commission also relies upon page 700 as a preliminary 
screen to evaluate complaints against an indexed rate change. Whereas 
the percentage comparison test has served as the means for evaluating a 
protest to an index rate change, the Commission applies a wider range 
of factors to evaluate complaints.\17\ These factors include the 
substantially exacerbate test that directs further investigation if (a) 
a pipeline is already ``substantially over-recovering'' and (b) the 
pipeline has filed an index increase that would ``substantially 
exacerbate'' that over-recovery. If a shipper provides reasonable 
grounds that a pipeline's index increase will substantially exacerbate 
an existing over-recovery, the Commission will set

[[Page 76317]]

the matter for hearing before an administrative law judge.\18\
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    \17\ Calnev, 130 FERC ] 61,082 at P 11. The Commission has 
explained that it will consider additional factors in a complaint 
because it has more time to evaluate complaints and the complainant 
must carry the burden of proof. BP West Coast Products LLC v. SFPP, 
L.P., 122 FERC ] 61,141, at PP 6-7 (2007).
    \18\ BP West Coast Products LLC v. SFPP, L.P., 122 FERC ] 61,129 
(2008).
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II. Indexing Policies

    12. The Commission is contemplating changes to indexing policies 
for evaluating annual oil pipeline indexed filings. These changes would 
modify both the existing percentage comparison test and the 
substantially exacerbate test. Through these modifications, the 
Commission seeks to ensure that oil pipeline rates under the ICA are 
just and reasonable by reducing the likelihood that an oil pipeline's 
rates substantially deviate from its costs through the application of 
indexed rate increases. The Commission also is exploring whether and 
how such changes would further streamline and simplify its regulations 
consistent with the objectives of EPAct 1992.
    13. Accordingly, the Commission is considering a two-part 
evaluation of index filings.\19\ The Commission would use these tests 
to strengthen and clarify its evaluation of all indexed filings upon 
the filing of a protest or complaint or upon the Commission's own 
initiative.\20\ The first part of the evaluation, the new 
``exacerbate'' test, would deny any ceiling level increase or indexed 
rate increases for pipelines in which a pipeline's page 700 revenues 
exceed page 700 total costs by 15 percent for both of the prior two 
years. The second part of the evaluation, the new percentage comparison 
test, would deny a proposed increase to a pipeline's rate or ceiling 
level greater than 5 percent of the barrel-mile cost changes reported 
on page 700.\21\ These tests would be used by the Commission to accept 
or reject oil pipeline indexed filings without, at least in most cases, 
establishing hearing procedures.\22\
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    \19\ The Commission does not propose to change its policies for 
evaluating index rate decreases. If the index causes a pipeline's 
rate ceiling to decline, then the pipeline must adjust its rates so 
that they remain at or below the reduced rate ceiling. 18 CFR 
342.3(e) (2016).
    \20\ Consistent with the policy articulated in Order No. 561, 
the Commission anticipates continued reliance upon affected shippers 
to bring challenges that apply the standards contemplated by this 
ANOPR to indexed rate changes. Order No. 561, FERC Stats. & Regs., ] 
30,985 at 30,967. However, the Commission retains the authority to 
investigate on its own initiative oil pipeline rates, including 
indexed rates, under sections 13 and 15 of the ICA.
    \21\ The Commission currently uses costs, not costs per barrel-
mile, when applying the percentage comparison test to oil pipeline 
cost changes. However, total cost levels can fluctuate due to 
changing throughput even if the expenses of moving a particular 
barrel remain the same. The Commission has concluded that cost per 
barrel-mile (Line 9/Line 12) may provide a more accurate measure of 
a pipeline's cost changes.
    \22\ In other words, if a pipeline's index filing satisfied both 
tests, it would generally be accepted. Likewise, if the index filing 
failed either the exacerbate test or the percentage comparison test, 
it would generally be rejected.
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    14. The Commission anticipates that the new exacerbate test, which 
considers the relationship between an oil pipeline's revenues and its 
costs, will have several benefits. Under indexing, individual oil 
pipelines may change their rates based upon industry-wide cost 
changes.\23\ When an oil pipeline's revenues significantly exceed 
costs, the pipeline still may seek and receive an additional rate 
increase that may further increase this gap. This is because, 
currently, the Commission does not typically consider the relationship 
between an oil pipeline's revenues and its costs when evaluating an 
indexed rate change. The exception, the existing substantially 
exacerbate test, only applies after the proposed rate increase becomes 
effective and a shipper files a complaint.
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    \23\ Using an industry-wide index both simplifies the ratemaking 
procedures by avoiding consideration of a particular pipeline's 
costs and rewards efficient companies that control costs. ``Indexing 
fosters efficiency by severing the linkage under traditional cost-
of-service ratemaking between . . . rate changes and . . . costs. 
This provides the pipeline with the incentive to cut costs 
aggressively, since . . . it may retain a portion of the savings it 
generates.'' See Order No. 561, FERC Stats. & Regs., ] 30,985 at 
30,948 n.37.
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    15. Through the new exacerbate test, shippers could raise 
objections to proposed rate increases when pipeline revenues already 
appreciably exceed costs. The contemplated 15 percent threshold is 
intended to preserve an indexing regime based upon industry-wide cost 
changes while also ensuring that the index does not cause a particular 
oil pipeline's rates to unreasonably depart from its costs. For 
example, an oil pipeline with costs corresponding to industry-wide 
averages and with revenues 115 percent of costs would earn a real 
return on equity (ROE) \24\ that is appreciably higher than the real 
ROE the pipeline itself has identified on page 700.\25\ Under these 
circumstances, it may be reasonable to deny additional index rate 
increases. However, to avoid distortions caused by one-year 
fluctuations in costs and revenue, the Commission only anticipates 
denying an index increase if the 15 percent threshold is exceeded for 
two consecutive years.
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    \24\ The real ROE is the nominal or total ROE less the 
inflationary component of ROE.
    \25\ When a pipeline reports revenues that are 115 percent of 
page 700 total cost-of-service, approximately one-third of these 
additional revenues represent income tax liabilities and the 
remaining two-thirds are additional equity earnings for the 
pipeline. Accordingly, for a hypothetical pipeline reporting the 
industry-wide average page 700 return on equity (page 700, line 7b) 
of approximately 18.3 percent of its total costs (page 700, line 9), 
the additional revenues would translate to an increase in equity 
return of 55 percent (i.e. \2/3\ * 15 percent/18.3 percent). If the 
pipeline incorporated the industry-wide average ROE of 10.4 percent 
in its page 700 cost-of-service (page 700, line 6d), such a pipeline 
would actually be recovering a 16.1 percent real ROE (10.4 percent + 
10.4 percent * 55 percent). The Commission calculated the industry-
wide averages in this footnote based upon the publicly available 
page 700 data filed by oil pipelines.
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    16. Similarly, the Commission also anticipates that the new 
percentage comparison test will help ensure that rates better reflect 
costs. By reducing the gap between an annual rate increase and a 
pipeline's cost changes from 10 to 5 percent, the Commission constrains 
the difference that can emerge in a one-year period between a 
pipeline's costs and its revenues.\26\ However, as is the case with the 
existing percentage comparison test, if a pipeline's page 700 reported 
costs exceed its revenues, the Commission would permit the pipeline to 
take the full index increase because the pipeline is not recovering its 
costs.
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    \26\ Using the 10 percent threshold, a pipeline with costs 
annually declining by 5 percent and 4.9 percent of annual indexed 
rate increases could have revenues that exceed costs by roughly 20 
percent after two years and 30 percent after three years. Applying 
that same hypothetical but using the 5 percent threshold, the 
revenues would only exceed costs by 10 percent after two years and 
around 15 percent after three years.
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    17. The Commission is also considering requiring pipelines, whether 
or not they modify their indexed rates, to make an annual filing 
showing changes in their ceiling levels.\27\ These ceiling levels would 
also be subject to challenge using the new exacerbate and percentage 
comparison tests. Applying these processes to the pipeline's rate 
ceilings, not just the rates, would limit the emergence of pipeline 
over-recoveries. Under the new exacerbate test, a pipeline's ceiling 
levels would not increase when its revenues exceed 115 percent of 
costs, ensuring that the pipeline would not be able to significantly 
raise its rates (and thus revenues) immediately after page 700 revenues 
fall below 115 percent of page 700 costs.\28\ Likewise, by applying

[[Page 76318]]

the new percentage comparison test to a pipeline's ceiling level 
changes (as well as to its indexed rate changes), the Commission also 
would limit the ability of a pipeline to carry-forward the full indexed 
increase to a future period when that increase significantly exceeds 
(i.e. more than 5 percent) the pipeline's cost changes.\29\
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    \27\ As explained, supra P 8, indexing allows oil pipelines to 
change their rates subject to certain ceiling levels. These ceiling 
levels change every July 1 with an index based upon industry-wide 
cost changes. When a pipeline's ceiling levels change, the pipeline 
is not currently obligated to make a filing with the Commission. 
Pipelines are currently only obligated to make a filing with the 
Commission if they change their rates pursuant to the changing 
ceiling levels.
    \28\ In other words, the change in the ceiling increase would be 
limited to a 5 percent difference from the pipeline's cost change. 
For example, if the index for 2018 is 3 percent, and the pipeline's 
cost change is -3 percent, the pipeline's ceiling level could not 
increase by 3 percent because this would fail the percentage 
comparison test because 6 [3-(-3)] is more than 5. Rather, in this 
hypothetical example, the ceiling level could only change by 2 
percent [2-(-3) = 5]. This 2 percent increase to the ceiling level 
would carry forward whether or not the pipeline raised its rates up 
to the ceiling.
    \29\ Currently, Commission policy allows a pipeline to file a 
partial index rate increase leading to a percentage comparison test 
of 9.9 percent while the pipeline's ceiling rate still increases by 
the full index. The pipeline can make a filing with the Commission 
to increase its rates up to the ceiling level in a subsequent year.
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    18. The Commission anticipates these tests can be used to simplify 
and streamline oil pipeline ratemaking procedures. While page 700 has 
been used as a ``preliminary screen,'' under the tests proposed here, 
the pipeline's own reported cost data on page 700 would serve as a 
sufficient basis for a decision to deny a challenged index rate filing. 
In such circumstances, a full hearing before an administrative law 
judge would not be necessary. By relying more upon the pipeline's self-
reported page 700 data, the Commission could simplify and streamline 
the process for evaluating indexed rate changes. To the extent that 
commenters believe there may be circumstances in which the new 
exacerbate test and the revised percentage comparison tests when 
applied to page 700 (or the supplemental page 700s described below) 
would not provide a reasonable basis for accepting or rejecting an 
indexed filing, commenters should (a) identify those circumstances and 
(b) specifically discuss how those circumstances could be addressed for 
evaluating indexed rate changes in a simplified and streamlined 
ratemaking process.
    19. Along similar lines, the Commission anticipates that these 
modifications would streamline and simplify Commission policies by 
establishing clearer standards. For example, under the new exacerbate 
test, the Commission would be identifying the specific threshold for 
what constitutes a ``substantial over-recovery.'' Further, when the 
Commission sets an indexed rate filing for hearing based upon either 
the percentage comparison test or the substantially exacerbate test, 
there is limited precedent providing guidance regarding the parameters 
and scope of such a hearing subject to a simplified ratemaking 
methodology.\30\ This lack of clarity creates complexity and 
uncertainty for both shippers and pipelines. By accepting and rejecting 
indexed filings based upon the proposed new exacerbate and percentage 
comparison tests, the Commission seeks to establish a clearer policy 
consistent with the objective of a simplified and streamlined 
ratemaking process.
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    \30\ Consistent with the intent of indexing to create a 
simplified ratemaking methodology, the investigation into an indexed 
rate increase should not require the parties to fully litigate a 
cost-of-service rate case.
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    20. Whether relying upon the existing page 700 or the supplemental 
page 700s, the Commission expects that these new tests would serve as 
the primary mechanism for evaluating oil pipeline indexed rate 
changes.\31\ The Commission anticipates that these new policies for 
evaluating indexed filings would both (a) ensure that index rate 
increases do not cause pipeline revenues to substantially deviate from 
costs and (b) streamline and simplify the Commission's ratemaking 
methodologies.
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    \31\ Because page 700 is critical to the Commission's ability to 
monitor oil pipeline rates, the Commission emphasizes that pipelines 
must comply with the current requirement to file the Form No. 6, 
including the page 700, by April 18 of each year. Although waivers 
may still be granted in limited circumstances, the Commission must 
be able to evaluate the indexed rates before they become effective 
on July 1 of each year. Failure to timely file the Form No. 6 could 
delay the effective date of a pipeline's proposed indexed increase 
or, potentially, lead to the outright rejection of the requested 
increase.
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III. Modifications to Page 700

    21. The Commission has preliminarily concluded that additional 
reporting requirements may enhance the ability of shippers and the 
Commission to monitor oil pipeline rates. First, the Commission is 
considering a requirement that pipelines file supplemental page 700s 
for (a) crude pipelines and product pipeline systems, (b) non-
contiguous systems, and (c) certain major pipeline systems. These 
changes would complement the proposed new exacerbate and percentage 
comparison tests. Using the supplemental page 700s, the Commission 
could evaluate indexed rate changes based upon costs and revenues more 
closely related (and thus more relevant) to the proposed indexed rate 
change.\32\
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    \32\ Shippers could also use the supplemental page 700 as the 
basis for initiating a cost-of-service complaint against a 
pipeline's rates. Consistent with the mandate for a simplified 
ratemaking methodology in EPAct 1992, the Commission created 
indexing to avoid cost-of-service litigation. However, shippers may 
still pursue cost-of-service claims if a pipeline's indexed rates 
substantially diverged from a pipeline's costs. Arco v. Calnev Pipe 
Line, L.L.C., 97 FERC ] 61,057, at 61,311 (2001) (citing Order No. 
561, FERC Stats. & Regs., ] 30,985 at 30,955).
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    22. Second, the Commission is considering requiring pipelines on 
page 700 and the supplemental page 700s to report additional 
information regarding (a) cost allocations used on the supplemental 
page 700s and (b) separate revenues for cost-based rates (e.g., 
indexing), non-cost-based rates (e.g., market-based rates), and other 
jurisdictional revenues (such as penalties).

A. Background

    The Commission's reevaluation of page 700 originated with the Joint 
Shippers' petition for rulemaking. In the petition, the Joint Shippers 
requested that the Commission require pipelines to disaggregate the 
total company data reported on page 700 and to file supplemental page 
700s with summary costs-of-service for (a) crude and product systems 
and (b) for each ``rate design'' segment. The Joint Shippers' proposal 
also requested that all interested parties be given access to the work 
papers used to prepare page 700. A technical conference held July 30, 
2015, discussed the Joint Shippers' petition. The Commission provided 
the opportunity for initial comments due September 25, 2015 and reply 
comments due October 30, 2015. At the technical conference and in 
subsequent comments, the Association of Oil Pipelines (AOPL) opposed 
the proposal as unduly burdensome and inconsistent with the 
Commission's indexing ratemaking regime. In addition to the comments 
from AOPL the Commission also received nine separate initial comments 
from pipeline entities opposing the petition.\33\ The Joint 
Commenters,\34\ Liquids Shippers Group, the Canadian Association of 
Petroleum Producers,\35\ and Tesoro Refining and Marketing LLC filed 
initial comments supporting the proposal. On October 30,

[[Page 76319]]

2015, AOPL and SFPP, L.P., filed reply comments expressing continued 
opposition to the petition and the Joint Commenters and the Liquids 
Shippers Group filed reply comments in further support of the petition.
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    \33\ The Commission received comments from Explorer Pipeline 
Company, Magellan Midstream Partners, L.P., Marathon Pipe Line LLC, 
Shell Pipeline Company LP, Plains Pipeline, L.P., SFPP, L.P., 
Buckeye Pipe Line Company, L.P., jointly NuStar Logistics, L.P. and 
NuStar Pipeline Operating Partnership, L.P., and, jointly, 
Enterprise Products Partners L.P. and its operating subsidiaries 
Enterprise TE Products Pipeline Company LLC and Mid-America Pipeline 
Company, LLC.
    \34\ Joint Commenters include Airlines for America, National 
Propane Gas Association, and Valero Marketing and Supply Company.
    \35\ The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers represents 
companies that develop and produce natural gas and crude oil 
throughout Canada.
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    23. In its reply comments, AOPL advanced a limited alternative 
proposal to the petition that would require pipelines to report carrier 
property data shown on Form No. 6, pages 212-213 and accrued 
depreciation data shown on Form No. 6, page 216 separately for crude 
oil and products.\36\ Using this data, AOPL stated shippers could 
estimate costs by crude and products pipeline systems. In the 
supplemental reply comments filed November 23, 2015, Joint Commenters 
argued AOPL's counterproposal did not provide adequate information for 
shippers to meaningfully evaluate the reasonableness of rates.\37\ On 
December 8, 2015, AOPL filed a response to the Joint Commenters 
Supplemental Reply Comments.
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    \36\ AOPL Reply Comments, Docket No. RM15-19-000, at 60.
    \37\ Joint Commenters Supplemental Reply Comments, Docket No. 
RM15-19-000, at 18.
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B. Supplemental Page 700s

1. Commission Proposal
    24. The Commission's preliminary assessment indicates that 
providing supplemental page 700s for different parts of a pipeline 
system may enhance the Commission's and shippers' ability to evaluate a 
pipeline's indexed rates.
    25. For some pipelines, the total company data on page 700 
consolidates costs and revenues from several different assets, 
including (a) pipeline systems that move crude oil as opposed to 
petroleum products, (b) non-contiguous systems that use geographically 
separate assets, and (c) major pipeline systems that extend at least 
250 miles and serve fundamentally different markets. The costs 
associated with providing service on one of these systems may be 
fundamentally different from the costs associated with providing 
service on other parts of the total company pipeline system. 
Accordingly, these supplemental page 700s would be useful both in the 
evaluation of index filings (as discussed above) and for cost-of-
service challenges to oil pipeline rates. When a pipeline seeks an 
indexed increase to a particular rate, shippers and the Commission 
could use the supplemental page 700s to compare the rate change with 
costs that are more closely associated with that particular rate.
    26. Accordingly, as discussed below, the Commission is considering 
requiring pipelines to file supplemental page 700s for crude oil 
systems (labeled 700c) and petroleum product systems (labeled 700p). 
Within each of these crude and product systems, the Commission is 
considering a further requirement that pipelines provide a supplemental 
page 700 for (a) non-contiguous (geographically separate) pipeline 
systems \38\ and (b) major pipeline systems. Major pipeline systems 
would consist of large pipeline systems (at least over 250 miles) that 
serve markets (either origin or destination) different from the 
remainder of the pipeline's system.\39\ Major pipeline systems would 
also include separate pipeline systems (even those below the 250-mile 
threshold) established by a final Commission order in a litigated rate 
case. The supplemental page 700s for non-contiguous and major pipeline 
systems would be labeled 700c1, 700c2, etc., for crude systems, and 
700p1, 700p2, etc., for product systems.\40\
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    \38\ For example, if one pipeline system goes from California to 
Nevada and another pipeline system goes from Texas to Arizona.
    \39\ A major pipeline system would include one branch of a ``V'' 
where different parts of the total company system share a similar 
origin but where one 250-mile system serves destinations to the 
northwest and another part travels to destinations to the northeast. 
Laterals, different divisions of an integrated and interconnected 
reticulated pipeline, different divisions of a straight-line 
pipeline, and granular rate segments are not intended to be a major 
pipeline system within the Commission's contemplated definition.
    \40\ By definition, if a pipeline has one major pipeline system 
labeled 700c1 which extends over 250 miles, it must also file a 
supplemental page 700c2 for the remainder of its crude system.
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    27. The Commission anticipates that these supplemental page 700s 
would allow index rate changes to be evaluated using data that is more 
relevant to a particular shipper's rates than the currently reported 
company-wide data. These criteria identify pipeline systems associated 
with (a) separate transportation movements and (b) costs due to the use 
of different assets.
    28. The Commission expects that the benefits described above will 
outweigh the accounting burden for disaggregating the cost data on 
these supplemental page 700s. For crude and product systems, pipelines 
are already required to disaggregate significant data on the Form No. 
6. For non-contiguous pipelines, geographically separate systems are 
also more likely to be recorded separately on a company's books and 
records.\41\ Similarly, 250-mile major pipeline systems are likely to 
be of sufficient significance that the pipeline separately tracks the 
costs and revenues associated with such a large part of its business. 
Nonetheless, to the extent that a pipeline's existing books and records 
do not allow for the pipeline to directly assign certain costs that 
would be required to be reported on the supplemental page 700s, the 
Commission, as discussed below, is considering allowing for certain 
reasonable allocations and estimates using the available data.
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    \41\ Pipelines typically record their costs using cost centers 
and location codes. It seems reasonable that in most cases these 
data should be sufficiently precise to associate particular costs 
with the major pipeline system identified above.
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    29. The Commission does not presently intend to pursue additional 
segmentation of page 700, such as the ``rate design'' segments proposed 
in the Joint Shippers' petition. Indexing does not require an exact 
correlation between a pipeline's costs and rates,\42\ and, given that 
regulatory scheme, we believe that the changes proposed above will 
provide sufficient transparency to allow the Commission and shippers to 
monitor pipelines' costs and revenues. The Commission has previously 
relied upon the total company costs reported on page 700, and we 
believe the more specific supplemental page 700s identified above will 
be appropriate to be used in future applications of the index.
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    \42\ As the United States Court of Appeals for the District of 
Columbia Circuit has explained, requiring an individualized cost-of-
service evaluation for each pipeline would be inconsistent with the 
simplification mandated by EPAct 1992. AOPL v. FERC, 281 F.3d 239, 
244 (D.C. Cir. 2002). Indexing achieves simplification by using an 
industry-wide index as opposed to relying upon a detailed 
examination of each pipeline's particular costs. The Commission only 
considers a pipeline's particular cost changes if the index rate 
change is in ``substantial excess'' of the pipeline's costs or there 
is a substantial divergence between a pipeline's rates and the costs 
associated with those rates.
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    30. Moreover, the Commission is concerned about the application of 
the Joint Shippers' proposal on an industry-wide basis. Most pipelines 
have never made a filing with the Commission identifying their rate 
design segments, and Commission precedent provides limited guidance for 
identifying rate design segments.\43\ Rate design segmentation of page 
700 would likely insert into the Commission's ``simplified'' indexing 
methodology complex, fact-specific disputes regarding the appropriate 
rate design

[[Page 76320]]

segmentation.\44\ Further, the Joint Shippers' alternate proposal to 
define rate design segments using definition 32(a) from the Uniform 
System of Accounts provides little clarity because this definition has 
historically served a separate accounting purpose and has never 
previously been applied to identify rate design segments.\45\
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    \43\ A pipeline would only need to identify its rate design 
segments if it litigated a cost-of-service rate case. Because 
pipelines primarily use indexing to change their rates, such cost-
of-service cases are rare. The Commission has only required one 
pipeline, SFPP, to use segmented data in a cost-of-service case. 
SFPP, LP, 86 FERC ] 61,022, at 61,080 (1999). There, the Commission 
made a series of fact-specific holdings to conclude that SFPP's 
south system consisted of two rate design segments, one travelling 
from Texas to Phoenix, Arizona, and another from California to 
Phoenix, Arizona.
    \44\ How a pipeline defines its segments could fundamentally 
affect which rates are eligible for an indexed increase based upon 
the supplemental page 700s.
    \45\ Rather, this definition applies to the accounting rules for 
treatment of the purchase and sale of an asset. Specifically, based 
upon definition 32(a), the sale or disposal of a ``segment of a 
business'' must be accounted for as part of ``discontinued 
operations'' and not included among the gains and losses associated 
with pipeline's continuing operations. See 18 CFR pt. 352, 
Instruction 1-6(c) and Account No. 676 (2016) (``Gain (loss) on 
disposal of discontinued segments''). The Commission's 
considerations when applying this accounting definition may differ 
significantly from considerations used to identify separate segments 
in a rate case.
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    31. The comments filed in Docket No. RM15-19-000 demonstrate our 
concerns. As an initial matter, different shipper comments supporting 
the segmentation proposal identify conflicting lists of pipelines that 
``could'' have different rate design segments.\46\ Moreover, to 
identify these segments, the Joint Shippers used potentially 
inapplicable criteria such as ``undivided joint interest'' \47\ and 
separate ``tariff listings'' \48\ that, in addition to being 
potentially over-inclusive, failed to identify SFPP, L.P., a non-
contiguous pipeline that has repeatedly been treated as operating 
separate segments in Commission rate cases.\49\ In addition, the rate 
design segments identified by shippers include relatively insignificant 
assets, such as small laterals.\50\ The burden associated with 
segmentation is not a one-time burden, as pipeline systems change over 
time and pipelines will need to re-evaluate their rate design segments 
in future years. Recent litigation before the Commission further 
demonstrates the burdens imposed by a fact-specific inquiry into a 
pipeline's segmentation.\51\ Given the Commission's indexing ratemaking 
regime and our determination that alternative reforms to page 700 will 
provide sufficient transparency to assist the Commission and shippers, 
the Commission currently does not intend to pursue the Joint Shippers' 
proposed reporting requirement.
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    \46\ Compare Tesoro Refining and Marketing LLC Initial Comment, 
Docket No. RM15-19-000, Appendix with Joint Shippers Initial 
Comment, Docket No. RM15-19-000, at 38-39; Attachment 2, Affidavit 
of Michael R. Tolleth, Docket No. RM15-19-000, at 9 & Liquid 
Shippers Group Initial Comments, Docket No. RM15-19-000, at 30.
    \47\ The Joint Shippers state that undivided joint interests 
pipelines indicate the existence of separate rate design segments 
because these systems ``generally have tariffs for each of the 
owners and may be geographically disconnected from other segments.'' 
Joint Shippers Initial Comment, Attachment 2, Affidavit of Michael 
R. Tolleth, Docket No. RM15-19-000, at 12. However, because 
pipelines can structure their own tariffs, it is not clear whether 
merely having a separate tariff justifies a separate rate design 
system. Moreover, it is not clear that undivided joint systems are 
necessarily geographically separate. For example, the ``Maumee 
System'' is a crude oil pipeline that runs from Lima, OH, and to 
Samaria, MI. Mid-Valley Pipeline Company (Mid-Valley) and Hardin 
Street Holdings (Hardin) jointly own the ``Maumee System.'' 
Including Maumee, Mid-Valley's System extends continuously from 
northeast Texas to Samaria, Michigan, with receipts a several points 
on the southern portion of its system and delivery points all along 
its system, including four points on the Maumee System. In any 
event, to the extent an undivided joint interest pipeline is 
geographically separate, it would be addressed by the Commission's 
definition above.
    \48\ Oil pipelines have discretion with the structuring of their 
tariff, and how the tariff is structured does not necessarily 
establish whether or not separate rate design segments exist.
    \49\ See Affidavit of Michael R. Tolleth, Figure 1, Docket No. 
RM15-19-000, page 9.
    \50\ The shippers' proposal exempts pipelines that report total 
company revenues less than $10 million for each of the three 
previous years. However, it does not address small segments within 
larger total systems. For instance, the shippers' filings identify a 
12-mile lateral on the Seminole pipeline as potentially requiring a 
separate page 700. Compare AOPL Reply Comments, Docket No. RM15-19-
000, at 26-27 with Joint Shippers Supplemental Reply Comments, 
Docket No. RM15-19-000, at 8-9.
    \51\ These disputes have involved issues very specific to the 
operations of a particular pipeline system, such as (a) whether a 
pipeline, which was effectively a single pipe moving from the Gulf 
of Mexico to the northeastern United States, should be divided into 
two separate rate design systems (Joint Shippers Initial Comment, 
Attachment 1, Affidavit of Daniel S. Arthur, Docket No. RM15-19-000, 
at 28 and Appendix O) (discussing TE Enterprise Products, Docket No. 
IS12-203-000); (b) whether a pipeline's extension into Long Island, 
NY, should be treated separately from its much larger Eastern System 
on the basis of the different product moved, different pipeline 
vintages, different operational requirements and other factors 
(Joint Shippers Initial Comment, Attachment 1, Affidavit of Daniel 
S. Arthur, Docket No. RM15-19-000, Appendix E at 2) (discussing 
Buckeye Pipeline, Docket No. OR12-28-000); and (c) although not 
objecting to the segmentation in that particular case, questioning 
whether one of a pipeline's three systems should be divided further 
to account for different lines that move different products and 
serve different shippers (National Propane Group, et al, Initial 
Brief, Docket Nos. IS05-216-000, et al., at 13-14 (filed February 7, 
2008) (discussing Mid-America Pipeline Company, LLC's Northern 
System). The oil pipeline cost-of-service cases involving rate 
design segmentation disputes have generally settled before the 
Commission issues a precedential order. However, they illustrate the 
burden that would be imposed by requiring every pipeline that files 
a page 700 to assess its system in this manner.
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C. Additional Reporting Requirements on Page 700

    32. The Commission is also considering requiring pipelines to 
report additional data on the page 700 and supplemental page 700s. 
First, in order to facilitate the creation of the supplemental page 
700s above, the Commission is considering requiring pipelines to 
explain the allocation of costs between the different supplemental page 
700s. Second, the Commission is considering requiring all pipelines to 
report separate revenues and throughput for cost-based transportation 
rates (resulting from indexing and cost-of-service), non-cost-based 
transportation rates (resulting from settlement rates and market-based 
rates), and other jurisdictional revenues (such as penalties).
1. Cost Allocation Data
    33. The Commission is contemplating reporting requirements 
involving the cost allocation methodologies used to derive the system-
specific data reported on the supplemental page 700s. As discussed 
below, the Commission recognizes pipeline arguments that it may be 
difficult or costly for pipelines to directly assign certain costs to 
the system-specific supplemental page 700s. Thus, the Commission is 
considering whether to permit pipelines to use reasonable methodologies 
for allocating those costs. However, to ensure transparency, the 
Commission is considering also requiring pipelines to provide 
information regarding these allocations on page 700. This information 
would allow the Commission and other interested parties to observe (a) 
how these allocations are affecting the supplemental page 700s' costs-
of-service and (b) any changes in direct assignment or allocation 
practices between annual page 700 filings.\52\
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    \52\ As provided by the current instructions on page 700, a 
pipeline must explain any change in its application of the Opinion 
No. 154-B cost-of-service methodology from the prior year.
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    34. Page 700 includes ratemaking information that, unlike typical 
accounting data, pipelines may not be able to cost-effectively 
determine on a segmented basis. For example, the Opinion No. 154-B 
trended original cost rate base \53\ (page 700, line 5d) includes (a) 
the original cost of the rate base (page 700, line 5a), (b) a Starting 
Rate Base Write-Up developed in 1983 to transition from a prior 
ratemaking methodology to trended original cost ratemaking (page 700, 
line 5b), and (c) Net Deferred Earnings, which consists of

[[Page 76321]]

the accumulations since 1983 of the inflationary component of a 
pipeline's annual return (page 700, line 5c).\54\ Unlike typical 
accounting data, absent a cost-of-service rate case (which most oil 
pipelines have not experienced since 1983), a pipeline may have had no 
reason to maintain or calculate this data other than on the company-
wide basis for page 700. Given that an exact accounting of the Starting 
Rate Base Write-Up and Deferred Earnings would require data from 1983 
to the present,\55\ obtaining this data may be impracticable.
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    \53\ The Commission's cost-of-service methodology was 
established in Opinion No. 154-B. Williams Pipe Line Co., Opinion 
No. 154-B, 31 FERC ] 61,377, order on reh'g, Opinion No. 154-C, 33 
FERC ] 61,327 (1985). When the Commission established indexing and 
page 700, the Commission determined that it would continue to use 
the Opinion No. 154-B methodology to measure pipeline costs for 
evaluating whether a pipeline's indexed rate changes were in 
substantial excess of the pipeline's rate changes.
    \54\ Under the Opinion No. 154-B trended original cost 
ratemaking, the inflationary component of the nominal return is 
placed in deferred earnings and recovered as a part of rate base in 
future years. See Opinion No. 154-B, 31 FERC ] 61,377. See, e.g., BP 
West Coast Prods., LLC v. FERC, 374 F.3d 1263, 1282-83 (D.C. Cir. 
2004).
    \55\ To properly allocate Starting Rate Base Write-Up, data may 
be needed dating back to the initial service date of the asset in 
question.
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    35. Accordingly, to the extent the Opinion No. 154-B rate base 
information is not available in company records, the Commission would 
permit pipelines to perform a one-time allocation of these costs for 
preparing the supplemental page 700s. Reasonable allocations of this 
data should not significantly reduce the usefulness of the supplemental 
page 700 data. The Deferred Earnings and Starting Rate Base Write-Up 
are a relatively small part of an overall cost-of-service,\56\ and thus 
reasonable allocations should not undermine the overall accuracy of the 
total cost-of-service that is used for evaluating indexed rates. 
Moreover, once this one-time allocation of these Opinion No. 154-B rate 
base costs establishes a base-line, future allocations should be 
limited.\57\
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    \56\ The Commission evaluated the role of deferred earnings as a 
percentage of the cost of service for each pipeline filing a 2015 
page 700. The Commission calculated the percentage of deferred 
earnings of the total cost-of-service as follows:
    Deferred Earnings = Accumulated Net Deferred Earnings, line 5c * 
Real Cost of Stockholders' Equity, line 6d
    Taxes on Deferred Earnings = Accumulated Net Deferred Earnings, 
line 5c * Adjusted Capital Structure Ratio for Stockholders' Equity, 
line 6b * Real Cost of
    Stockholders' Equity, line 6d * (Composite Tax Rate, line 8a/(1-
Composite Tax Rate, line 8a))
    Deferred Earnings as a Percent of Cost of Service = (Deferred 
Earnings + Taxes on Deferred Earnings)/Total Cost of Service, line 
9.
    Using this formula, deferred earnings accounted for 6.71 percent 
of the median pipeline's cost of service, 3.29 percent for the 
pipeline at the 25th percentile and 9.44 percent for the pipeline at 
the 75th percentile. The industry-wide mean was 6.71 percent. 
Because the starting rate base write-up (line 5b) has been 
depreciated since 1984, it is either fully depreciated or quite 
small on most pipelines.
    \57\ In other words, once a pipeline establishes the base-line 
net deferred earnings for each of its supplemental page 700s, the 
pipeline can in subsequent years (a) amortize the base-line level 
established for each supplemental page 700 and (b) add future 
deferred earnings to the appropriate supplemental page 700. There 
may, however, be some further adjustments needed if a pipeline 
subsequently sells or acquires pre-existing assets which have 
accrued deferred earnings.
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    36. The Commission would also permit other allocations where 
appropriate. Currently, when the pipeline's business records do not 
allow direct cost assignment, pipelines filing page 700s use 
Commission-approved cost allocation methodologies for (a) allocating 
parent company overhead to the pipeline filing page 700 and (b) 
identifying the jurisdictional costs reported on page 700 as opposed to 
the non-jurisdictional costs. To the extent necessary, the pipelines 
may use reasonable methodologies for allocating costs \58\ between the 
various systems reported on the proposed supplemental page 700s. The 
Commission anticipates that these methodologies will generally stay 
consistent over time. However, the Commission recognizes that, in some 
circumstances, it may be appropriate for a pipeline to further refine 
its allocation methodologies. The Commission also does not expect 
pipelines to make major or high cost modifications to accounting 
systems or business processes solely for the purpose of filing the 
supplemental page 700s.
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    \58\ These allocated costs could include items such as shared 
assets, shared services, and overhead costs where direct assignment 
may sometimes be very difficult.
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    37. The Commission, however, also seeks to ensure transparency 
regarding the costs allocated among the supplemental page 700s. The 
choice and application of cost allocation methodologies involves 
judgment that, to some degree, may be subjective.\59\ The Commission 
and the public would also benefit from information regarding the amount 
of costs that pipelines are allocating as opposed to directly 
assigning. In order to ensure transparency and to monitor pipeline's 
allocation decisions, the Commission is considering requiring 
additional information on page 700 in order to differentiate between 
directly assigned and allocated costs and to briefly describe the 
allocation methodology.
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    \59\ The Commission has established allocation methodologies 
that are used for ratemaking purposes. These include the 
Massachusetts Formula, the Kansas-Nebraska methodology, and 
volumetric allocations.
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    38. Thus, for certain line items on page 700 oil pipelines would be 
required to report (a) directly assigned costs and (b) allocated 
costs.\60\ The directly assigned costs would be those costs that have 
been assigned to a specific system based upon cost centers and location 
codes. For the allocated costs, the pipeline would include a footnote 
explaining the methodology used to allocate those costs, including (a) 
Kansas-Nebraska methodology, (b) volumetric method, (c) gross plant, or 
(d) other methodologies.\61\
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    \60\ The requirement to break-out directly assigned and 
allocated costs would be added to line 1 (Operating and Maintenance 
Expenses), line 2 (Depreciation Expense), line 3 (AFUDC 
Depreciation), line 4 (Amortization of Deferred Earnings), and 
proposed lines 5a1-5a4 (Trended Original Cost Rate Base). This 
requirement would apply to all supplemental page 700s.
    \61\ For example, on page 700c for crude pipeline systems, below 
line 1 ``Operating and Maintenance Expenses,'' this proposal would 
add Line 1a ``Directly Assigned O&M Expenses,'' and line 1b 
``Allocated O&M Expenses.'' In a footnote, the pipeline could 
explain, ``These costs were allocated using the KN Method.''
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    39. Second, in order to facilitate understanding of these 
allocations, on both page 700 and the supplemental page 700s, the 
Commission is considering requiring additional data involving rate 
base.\62\ Specifically, this approach would add to line 5a, Rate Base--
original cost; line 5a1--Total Carrier Property In Service (Gross 
Plant); line 5a2--Net Carrier Property In Service (Net Plant); line 
5a3--ADIT; and line 5a4--Total Working Capital. Gross and net plant 
could be important for understanding how costs are being allocated. For 
example, this data may provide a means for allocating the Opinion No. 
154-B cost data.
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    \62\ This information would be used primarily to understand the 
cost allocations to the different systems as reported on the 
supplemental page 700s. Although the Commission does not anticipate 
that all pipelines would be required to file the supplemental page 
700s, the Commission is considering requiring all pipelines to 
report this information on page 700. The data would help the 
Commission understand a pipeline's capital costs, and this company-
wide data should already be contained within the work papers used to 
prepare the page 700.
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    40. By permitting oil pipelines to use estimates and cost 
allocations for certain costs, the Commission would seek to reduce the 
compliance costs associated with the supplemental page 700s. However, 
the use of allocations would be balanced by the additional reporting 
requirements that would enable the Commission and shippers to monitor 
both the level of allocated costs and, in general terms, how those 
costs were allocated.
2. Revenue, Barrel and Barrel Mile Data
    41. The Commission is also considering requiring pipelines to 
disaggregate page 700 revenue, barrel, and barrel-mile data associated 
with (a) cost-based rates (resulting from indexing and cost-of-
service), (b) non-cost-based rates (resulting from settlement rates

[[Page 76322]]

and market-based rates), and (c) other jurisdictional revenues (such as 
penalties).
    42. When page 700 was created following EPAct 1992, most oil 
pipeline revenues resulted from rates subject to cost-based regulation. 
Therefore, comparing total revenue to total costs served as an 
effective preliminary means to determine whether to challenge a 
pipeline's cost-based rates. However, in recent years, an increasing 
percentage of pipelines are using settlement rates (including 
negotiated rates associated with new construction). Also, at the same 
time the Commission created page 700, the Commission formalized its 
market-based rates policy in Order No. 572.\63\ The revenue derived 
from these non-cost-based rates may substantially deviate from a 
pipeline's cost-of-service, but still be just and reasonable.\64\
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    \63\ Prior to Order No. 572, the Commission allowed market-based 
rates on an experimental basis. See Buckeye Pipe Line Co., 53 FERC ] 
61,473 (1990), order on reh'g, 55 FERC ] 61,084 (1991).
    \64\ Seaway Crude Pipeline Company LLC, Opinion No. 546, 154 
FERC ] 61,070, at P 47 (2016). ``(T)here is extensive precedent that 
supports the Commission's policy that negotiated rates need not be 
cost-based, and that a pipeline's entire portfolio of rates can 
produce revenues that exceed its overall cost-of-service.''
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    43. Separating the cost-based and non-cost-based revenue could help 
the Commission and pipeline shippers to assess, on a preliminary basis, 
whether a gap between total company costs and revenues likely results 
from cost-based rates (which could be challenged on a cost-of-service 
basis) or from non-cost-based rates (which could not be challenged on a 
cost basis). Also, because a pipeline must know the rate to charge a 
shipper seeking service, this revenue data should be relatively simple 
for the pipeline to identify and to track.
    44. Certain limitations apply to this data. Different revenue 
sources may apply to different parts of the pipeline with different 
costs.\65\ As a result of this mismatch, the Commission does not intend 
to use the disaggregated cost-based revenues in the indexing screens 
described above. However, this additional information would nonetheless 
enable the Commission and the industry to evaluate the relative effect 
of the Commission's different ratemaking methodologies. It could also 
provide an initial assessment for shippers contemplating a cost-of-
service complaint against a pipeline's rates.\66\
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    \65\ For example, a negotiated rate could apply to the newer 
part of the pipeline system for which the rate base has not 
depreciated. In contrast, the cost-based rates may apply to older, 
legacy parts of the system in which the rate base has depreciated.
    \66\ As an example, consider a pipeline that ships 100,000 
barrels system-wide, where 50,000 barrels are shipped under an 
indexed rate of $1.00 ($50,000), 25,000 barrels are shipped under a 
negotiated discount rate of $0.90 (for revenues of $22,500), and 
25,000 are shipped at a market-based rate of $2.00 ($50,000). Also 
assume a total cost-of-service of $100,000. Under the existing 
requirements of page 700, the pipeline would list total revenues of 
$122,500 (50,000 + 22,500 + 50,000), producing a deviation between 
cost and revenue of $22,500 or 22.5 percent. If this pipeline 
instead reported segmented revenue, it would report $50,000 in cost-
based revenue and $72,500 in non-cost-based rate revenue. The 
pipeline would also report throughput of 50,000 cost-based barrels, 
and 50,000 non-cost-based barrels. Comparing cost-based revenue to 
cost-based throughput, there would be no deviation between cost-
based costs ($50,000) and cost-based revenues ($50,000).
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3. Work Papers
    45. Based on our consideration of the record in Docket No. RM15-19, 
and our proposed revisions to page 700 included in this ANOPR, we do 
not propose requiring pipelines to make the work papers used to prepare 
page 700 available to all interested parties as requested by the Joint 
Shippers' petition.
    46. As described earlier in the ANOPR, the Commission is proposing 
to significantly revise pipeline reporting requirements for page 700. 
Page 700 data filed by the pipelines is under oath and subject to 
Commission audit. The current data on page 700 allows a shipper to 
compare (a) a pipeline's revenues to its total cost-of-service and (b) 
changes to a pipeline's total cost-of-service. Under both the 
Commission's current policy and the policy changes proposed above, this 
is the data directly used to evaluate challenged index filings. Page 
700 also provides significant context for these total costs, including 
several major cost-of-service subcomponents. By requiring additional 
information on page 700 and the supplemental page 700s regarding (a) 
rate base (proposed lines 5a1-5a4), (b) the cost allocations, and (c) 
revenues, the Commission is providing additional context for the data 
on page 700.\67\ We believe that this additional information provides 
sufficient information to allow the Commission and shippers to evaluate 
index findings and conduct a preliminary evaluation of a pipeline's 
rates prior to bringing a cost-of-service challenge. However, we invite 
comments on the sufficiency of this additional information in 
evaluating index filings and conducting preliminary evaluations of a 
pipeline's rates prior to bringing a cost-of-service challenge.
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    \67\ These additions comport to Dr. Arthur's statements in his 
testimony pointing out that ``two additional significant areas where 
page 700 work papers provide relevant information not reported 
elsewhere in the Form 6 are the allocation factors used to derive 
the cost-of-service and the treatment of other non-trunkline 
revenue, both of which can have significant influence on a resulting 
cost-of-service and revenues.'' See Joint Shippers Initial Comments, 
Arthur Affidavit, Docket No. RM15-19-000, at PP 6-7.
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    47. In support of their proposal, the Joint Shippers emphasize that 
the Commission currently has access to pipeline work papers. While 
true, we believe that, on balance, mandating disclosure of work papers 
is not necessary to provide shippers with sufficient information when 
considering challenges to pipelines' proposed or existing rates. In 
particular, we note that the dissemination of this data to shippers 
raises potential confidentiality concerns that do not exist when the 
Commission reviews the work papers. These issues include (a) shipper 
information protected by section 15(13) of the ICA, which prohibits 
disclosure of an individual shipper's movements and (b) the pipeline's 
competitive business information. On balance, we find that the general 
disclosure of this information, even subject to confidentiality 
agreements, is not appropriate at this time.

IV. Burden

    48. The Commission invites commenters to also address the potential 
cost of the proposals being considered in this ANOPR. Comments could 
include an estimate of both the one-time implementation costs and the 
ongoing compliance costs. The Commission will provide a burden estimate 
in any future notice of proposed rulemaking.

V. Comment Procedures

    49. The Commission invites interested persons to submit comments on 
the matters and issues presented in this notice to be adopted. Initial 
comments are due December 19, 2016 and reply comments are due January 
31, 2017. Comments must refer to Docket No. RM17-1-000, and must 
include the commenter's name, the organization they represent, if 
applicable, and their address in their comments.
    50. The Commission encourages comments to be filed electronically 
via the eFiling link on the Commission's Web site at http://www.ferc.gov. The Commission accepts most standard word processing 
formats. Documents created electronically using word processing 
software should be filed in native applications or print-to-PDF format 
and not in a scanned format. Commenters filing electronically do not 
need to make a paper filing.
    51. Commenters that are not able to file comments electronically 
must send an original of their comments to: Federal Energy Regulatory 
Commission,

[[Page 76323]]

Secretary of the Commission, 888 First Street NE., Washington, DC 
20426.
    52. All comments will be placed in the Commission's public files 
and may be viewed, printed, or downloaded remotely as described in the 
Document Availability section below. Commenters on this proposal are 
not required to serve copies of their comments on other commenters.

VI. Document Availability

    53. In addition to publishing the full text of this document in the 
Federal Register, the Commission provides all interested persons an 
opportunity to view and/or print the contents of this document via the 
Internet through the Commission's Home Page (http://www.ferc.gov) and 
in the Commission's Public Reference Room during normal business hours 
(8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern time) at 888 First Street NE., Room 2A, 
Washington, DC 20426.
    54. From the Commission's Home Page on the Internet, this 
information is available on eLibrary. The full text of this document is 
available on eLibrary in PDF and Microsoft Word format for viewing, 
printing, and/or downloading. To access this document in eLibrary, type 
the docket number excluding the last three digits of this document in 
the docket number field.
    55. User assistance is available for eLibrary and the Commission's 
Web site during normal business hours from the Commission's Online 
Support at (202) 502-6652 (toll free at 1-866-208-3676) or email at 
[email protected], or the Public Reference Room at (202) 502-
8371, TTY (202) 502-8659. Email the Public Reference Room at 
[email protected].

    By direction of the Commission.

    Issued: October 20, 2016.
Nathaniel J. Davis, Sr.,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2016-26227 Filed 11-1-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6717-01-P