[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 182 (Tuesday, September 20, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 64580-64654]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-21310]
[[Page 64579]]
Vol. 81
Tuesday,
No. 182
September 20, 2016
Part II
Department of Energy
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10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Dedicated-Purpose Pool
Pumps; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 81 , No. 182 / Tuesday, September 20, 2016 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 64580]]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
[Docket Number EERE-2016-BT-TP-0002]
RIN 1904-AD66
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Dedicated-Purpose
Pool Pumps
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and announcement of public
meeting.
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to establish new
definitions, a new test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, new
sampling and rating requirements, and new enforcement provisions for
such equipment. Specifically, DOE proposes a test procedure for
measuring the weighted energy factor (WEF) for certain varieties of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. The proposed test method incorporates by
reference certain sections of the industry test standard Hydraulic
Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency
Testing.'' The proposed definitions, test procedures, certification
requirements, enforcement testing procedures, and labeling provisions
are based on the recommendations of the dedicated-purpose pool pump
(DPPP) Working Group, which was established under the Appliance
Standards Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee (ASRAC).
DATES: DOE will hold a public meeting on Monday, September 26, 2016
from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., in Washington, DC. The meeting will also
be broadcast as a webinar. See section V, ``Public Participation,'' for
webinar registration information, participant instructions, and
information about the capabilities available to webinar participants.
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) before and after the public
meeting, but no later than November 21, 2016. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for details.
ADDRESSES: The public meeting will be held at the U.S. Department of
Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 4A-104, 1000 Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC 20585. To attend, please notify the Appliance and
Equipment Standards staff at (202) 586-6636 or
[email protected].
Any comments submitted must identify the Test Procedure NOPR for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, and provide docket number EERE-2016-BT-
TP-0002 and/or regulatory information number (RIN) number 1904-AD66.
Comments may be submitted using any of the following methods:
(1) Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
(2) Email: [email protected]. Include the docket number
and/or RIN in the subject line of the message.
(3) Mail: Appliance and Equipment Standards Program, U.S.
Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. If possible,
please submit all items on a compact disc (CD), in which case it is not
necessary to include printed copies.
(4) Hand Delivery/Courier: Appliance and Equipment Standards
Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, 950
L'Enfant Plaza SW., 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202)
586-6636. If possible, please submit all items on a CD, in which case
it is not necessary to include printed copies.
For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process, see section V of this document
(``Public Participation'').
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for review at regulations.gov. All
documents in the docket are listed in the regulations.gov index.
However, some documents listed in the index, such as those containing
information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not be publicly
available.
A link to the docket Web page can be found at: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/standards.aspx?productid=67. This Web page will contain a link to the
docket for this document on the regulations.gov site. The
regulations.gov Web page will contain simple instructions on how to
access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. See
section V for information on how to submit comments through
regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Ashley Armstrong, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington,
DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-6590. Email:
[email protected].
Johanna Jochum, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 287-6307. Email: [email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in the public meeting,
contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202)
586-6636 or by email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to update the incorporation by
reference or newly incorporate by reference the following industry
standards into 10 CFR part 431:
(1) Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014'')
``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' except for section
40.6.4.1, ``Vertically suspended pumps''; section 40.6.4.2,
``Submersible pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section
40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation during testing''; section 40.6.6.1,
``Translation of test results to rated speed of rotation''; Appendix A,
section A.7, ``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86
[deg]F)''; and Appendix B, ``Reporting of test results (normative)''
copyright 2014.
Copies of HI 40.6-2014 can be obtained from: the Hydraulic
Institute at 6 Campus Drive, First Floor North, Parsippany, NJ 07054-
4406, (973) 267-9700, or by visiting www.pumps.org.
(2) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2014''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 6th Edition, January 29, 2008,
including revisions through March 18, 2014.
Copies of American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/UL 1081-2014
can be obtained from: UL, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062,
(847) 272-8800, or by visiting http://ul.com.
(3) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG-1 2014,
``Motors and Generators,'' 2014, section 1.19, ``Polyphase Motors'';
section 10.34, ``Basis of Horsepower Rating''; section 10.62,
``Horsepower, Speed, and Voltage Ratings''; 12.30, ``Test Methods'';
section 12.35, ``Locked-Rotor Current of 3-Phase 60-Hz Small and Medium
Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Rated at 230 Volts''; section 12.37,
``Torque Characteristics of Polyphase Small Motors''; 12.38, ``Locked-
Rotor Torque of Single-Speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with
Continuous Ratings''; section 12.39, ``Breakdown Torque of Single-speed
Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous Ratings''; and
[[Page 64581]]
section 12.40, ``Pull-Up Torque of Single-Speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage
Medium Motors with Continuous Ratings.''
Copies of NEMA MG-1-2014 can be obtained from: NEMA, 1300 North
17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209, (703) 841-3200, or by
visiting www.nema.org.
(4) NSF International (NSF)/ANSI Standard 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI 50-
2015''), ``Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, hot Tubs and Other
Recreational Water Facilities,'' approved January 26, 2015, section
C.3, ``self-priming capability,'' of Annex C, ``Test methods for the
evaluation of centrifugal pumps.''
Copies of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 can be obtained from: NSF International,
789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, (743) 769-8010, or by
visiting www.nsf.org.
Also, this material is available for inspection at U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington,
DC 20024, (202) 586-6636, or go to www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/.
See section IV.N for additional information on these standards.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Definitions
1. Existing Pump Definitions
2. Definition of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump
3. Pool Filter Pumps
a. Definition of a Basket Strainer and Filtration Accessories
b. Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
c. Integral Cartridge-Filter and Integral Sand-Filter Pool Pumps
4. Other Varieties of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
a. Waterfall Pumps
b. Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps
5. Storable and Rigid Electric Spa Pumps
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based on Pump Configuration
7. Definitions Related to Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Speed
Configurations and Controls
8. Basic Model
B. Rating Metric
1. Review of Current DPPP Regulatory and Voluntary Programs
2. Proposed Metric: Weighted Energy Factor
C. Test Methods for Different DPPP Categories and Configurations
1. Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
a. Single-speed Pool Filter Pumps
b. Two-Speed Pool Filter Pumps
c. Variable-Speed and Multi-Speed Pool Filter Pumps
d. Weighting Factor for Various Load Points
e. Applicability of Two-Speed, Multi-Speed, and Variable-Speed
Pool Filter Pump Test Methods
2. Waterfall Pumps
3. Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps
4. Summary
D. Determination of Pump Performance
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI 40.6-2014
2. Exceptions, Modifications and Additions to HI 40.6-2014
a. Applicability and Clarification of Certain Sections of HI
40.6-2014
b. Calculation of Hydraulic Horsepower
c. Data Collection and Determination of Stabilization
d. Test Tolerances
e. Power Supply Characteristics
f. Measurement Equipment for Testing
g. Calculation and Rounding Modifications and Additions
E. Additional Test Methods
1. Determination of DPPP Size
2. Determination of Self-Priming Capability
3. Determination of Maximum Head
F. Representations of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency
G. Labeling Requirements
H. Replacement DPPP Motors
I. Certification and Enforcement Provisions for Dedicated-
Purpose Pool Pumps
1. Sampling Plan
2. Certification Requirements
3. Enforcement Provisions
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
1. Burden of Conducting the Proposed DOE DPPP Test Procedure
a. Estimated Equipment Costs for Testing Dedicated-Purpose Pool
Pumps
b. Labor Associated With Testing Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
c. Estimated Testing Cost per Manufacturer
2. Review of DPPP Manufacturers
3. Summary
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Congressional Notification
N. Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Attendance at Public Meeting
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of Public Meeting
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Pumps are included in the list of ``covered equipment'' for which
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is authorized to establish and
amend energy conservation standards (ECSs) and test procedures (TPs).
(42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps (DPPP), which are
the subject of this rulemaking, are a subset of pumps and, thus, DOE is
authorized to establish test procedures and energy conservation
standards for them. Recently, DOE published in the Federal Register two
final rules establishing new energy conservation standards and a test
procedure for commercial and industrial pumps. 81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26,
2016) and 81 FR 4086 (January 25, 2016), respectively. However,
dedicated-purpose pool pumps were specifically excluded from those
final rules because, based on recommendations of the industry and DOE's
own analysis, DOE determined that dedicated-purpose pool pumps have a
unique application and equipment characteristics that merit a separate
analysis. As a result, there currently are no Federal energy
conservation standards or a test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. The following sections discuss DOE's authority to establish a
test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps and relevant background
information regarding DOE's consideration of establishing Federal
regulations for this equipment.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), Public Law
94-163, as amended by Public Law 95-619, Title IV, Sec. 441(a),
established the Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial
Equipment under Title III, Part C (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317, as
codified).1 2 ``Pumps'' are listed as a type of industrial
equipment covered by EPCA, although EPCA does not define the term
``pump.'' (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) To address this issue, DOE defined
``pump'' in a test procedure final rule (January 2016 general pumps TP
final rule) as equipment designed to move liquids (which may include
entrained gases, free solids, and totally dissolved solids) by physical
or mechanical action
[[Page 64582]]
and includes a bare pump and, if included by the manufacturer at the
time of sale, mechanical equipment, driver, and controls. 81 FR 4086
(Jan. 25, 2016). Dedicated-purpose pool pumps, which are the subject of
this notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR), meet this definition of a
pump and are covered under the pump equipment type. However, DOE has
not yet established a test procedure or standards applicable to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps (section I.B).
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\1\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was re-designated Part A-1.
\2\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015,
Public Law 114-11 (April 30, 2015).
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Under EPCA, the energy conservation program consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. The
testing requirements consist of test procedures that manufacturers of
covered equipment must use as the basis for (1) certifying to DOE that
their equipment complies with the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted under EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s) and 6316(a)(1)), and
(2) making representations about the energy consumption of that
equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)) Similarly, DOE must use these test
procedures to determine whether the equipment complies with any
relevant standards promulgated under EPCA.
EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures DOE must follow when
prescribing or amending test procedures for covered equipment. EPCA
provides that any test procedures prescribed or amended under this
section shall be reasonably designed to produce test results that
measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual operating
cost of a covered equipment during a representative average use cycle
or period of use, and shall not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(2))
In addition, before prescribing any final test procedures, DOE must
publish proposed test procedures and offer the public an opportunity to
present oral and written comments on them. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b)(1)-(2))
DOE is authorized to prescribe energy conservation standards and
corresponding test procedures for covered equipment such as dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. Although DOE is currently evaluating whether to
establish energy conservation standards for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008), DOE must first establish a
test procedure that measures the energy use, energy efficiency, or
estimated operating costs of a given type of covered equipment before
establishing any new energy conservation standards for that equipment.
See, generally, 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) and 6316(a).
To fulfill these requirements, in this NOPR, DOE proposes to
establish a test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps in advance
of the finalization of the ongoing ECS rulemaking for this equipment.
(See Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008.) The test procedure proposed in
this NOPR includes the methods necessary to: (1) Measure the
performance of the covered equipment, (2) use the measured results to
calculate the weighted energy factor (WEF) to represent the energy
consumption of the dedicated-purpose pool pump, inclusive of a motor
and any controls, and (3) determine the minimum test sample (i.e.,
number of units) and permitted range of represented values. In this
NOPR, DOE also proposes to set the scope of those dedicated-purpose
pool pumps to which the proposed test methods would apply.
If adopted, manufacturers would be required to use the DPPP test
procedure and metric when making representations regarding the WEF
(section III.B.2 for more information) of covered equipment beginning
180 days after the publication date of any DPPP TP final rule
establishing such procedures. All representations of energy factor
(EF),\3\ overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power input,
nominal motor horsepower,\4\ total horsepower, service factor, pump
power output (hydraulic horsepower), and true power factor (PF) must be
based on testing in accordance with the new DPPP test procedure
beginning 180 days after the publication date of a final rule in the
Federal Register. See 42 U.S.C. 6314(d). However, DOE notes that
certification of compliance with any energy conservation standards for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps would not be required until the compliance
date of any final rule establishing energy conservation standards
applicable to this equipment. (See Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008.)
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\3\ Energy Factor (EF) is a metric that is common in the DPPP
industry and which describes the quantity of water provided by a
dedicated-purpose pool pump over the input power required to pump
that amount of water in units of gallons per watt-hour (gal/Wh). EF
is described in more detail in section III.B and the relevant test
methods for determining EF are described in section III.C and III.F.
\4\ In this NOPR, DOE proposes specific test methods and metrics
applicable to nominal motor horsepower, total horsepower, service
factor, and hydraulic horsepower of dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
See section III.E.1 for a discussion of the different horsepower
metrics applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps and the proposed
testing and labeling requirements applicable to these metrics.
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B. Background
Dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a style of pump for which DOE has
not yet established a test procedure or energy conservation standards.
Although DOE recently completed final rules establishing energy
conservation standards (81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26, 2016); January 2016
general pumps ECS final rule) and a test procedure (81 FR 4086 ((Jan.
25, 2016); January 2016 general pumps TP final rule) for certain
categories and configurations of pumps, DOE declined in those rules to
establish any requirements applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps
because of their different equipment characteristics and applications.
81 FR 4086, 4094 (Jan. 25, 2016). Specifically, in the January 2016
general pumps TP and ECS final rules, DOE established relevant
definitions, test procedures, and energy conservation standards for end
suction close-coupled (ESCC); end suction frame mounted/own bearings
(ESFM); in-line (IL); radially split, multi-stage, vertical, in-line
diffuser casing (RSV); and submersible turbine (ST) pumps with the
following characteristics:
25 gallons per minute (gpm) and greater (at best
efficiency point (BEP) at full impeller diameter);
459 feet of head maximum (at BEP at full impeller diameter
and the number of stages specified for testing);
design temperature range from 14 to 248 [deg]F;
designed to operate with either (1) a 2- or 4-pole
induction motor, or (2) a non-induction motor with a speed of rotation
operating range that includes speeds of rotation between 2,880 and
4,320 revolutions per minute (rpm) and/or 1,440 and 2,160 rpm, and in
either case, the driver and impeller must rotate at the same speed;
6-inch or smaller bowl diameter for ST pumps (HI VS0);
a clean water pump; \5\ and
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\5\ In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE defined
``clean water pump'' as a pump that is designed for use in pumping
water with a maximum non-absorbent free solid content of 0.016
pounds per cubic foot, and with a maximum dissolved solid content of
3.1 pounds per cubic foot, provided that the total gas content of
the water does not exceed the saturation volume, and disregarding
any additives necessary to prevent the water from freezing at a
minimum of 14 [deg]F. 80 FR 4086, 4100 (Jan. 25, 2016).
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not a fire pump,\6\ a self-priming pump,\7\ a prime-assist
pump,\8\ a magnet driven pump,\9\ a pump designed to be used in a
nuclear facility subject to 10 CFR part 50, ``Domestic Licensing of
Production and Utilization Facilities''; or a pump meeting the design
and construction requirements set forth in any relevant Military
Specifications.\10\
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\6\ In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE defined
``fire pump'' as a pump that is compliant with NFPA 20-2016,
``Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire
Protection,'' and is either: (1) UL listed under ANSI/UL 448-2013,
``Standard for Safety Centrifugal Stationary Pumps for Fire-
Protection Service,'' or (2) FM Global (FM) approved under the
January 2015 edition of FM Class Number 1319, ``Approval Standard
for Centrifugal Fire Pumps (Horizontal, End Suction Type).'' 80 FR
4086, 4101 (Jan. 25, 2016).
\7\ In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE defined
``self-priming pump'' as a pump that is (1) is designed to lift
liquid that originates below the centerline of the pump inlet; (2)
contains at least one internal recirculation passage; and (3)
requires a manual filling of the pump casing prior to initial start-
up, but is able to re-prime after the initial start-up without the
use of external vacuum sources, manual filling, or a foot valve. 80
FR 4086, 4147 (Jan. 25, 2016). This NOPR proposes to modify that
definition. (See section III.A.3.b.)
\8\ In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE defined
``prime-assist pump'' as a pump that (1) is designed to lift liquid
that originates below the centerline of the pump inlet; (2) requires
no manual intervention to prime or re-prime from a dry-start
condition; and (3) includes a device, such as a vacuum pump or air
compressor and venturi eductor, to remove air from the suction line
in order to automatically perform the prime or re-prime function at
any point during the pump's operating cycle. 80 FR 4086, 4147 (Jan.
25, 2016).
\9\ In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE defined
``magnet driven pump'' as a pump in which the bare pump is isolated
from the motor via a containment shell and torque is transmitted
from the motor to the bare pump via magnetic force. The motor shaft
is not physically coupled to the impeller or impeller shaft. 80 FR
4086, 4147 (Jan. 25, 2016).
\10\ MIL-P-17639F, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Miscellaneous Service,
Naval Shipboard Use'' (as amended); MIL-P-17881D, ``Pumps,
Centrifugal, Boiler Feed, (Multi-Stage)'' (as amended); MIL-P-
17840C, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Close-Coupled, Navy Standard (For
Surface Ship Application)'' (as amended); MIL-P-18682D, ``Pump,
Centrifugal, Main Condenser Circulating, Naval Shipboard'' (as
amended); and MIL-P-18472G, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Condensate, Feed
Booster, Waste Heat Boiler, And Distilling Plant'' (as amended).
Military specifications and standards are available for review at
http://everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS.
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The pumps for which standards and a test procedure were established
in the January 2016 general pumps TP and ECS final rules will be
hereafter collectively referred to as ``general pumps'' in this DPPP TP
NOPR.
The January 2016 general pumps TP and ECS final rules were based on
the recommendations of the Commercial and Industrial Pump (CIP) Working
Group established through the Appliance Standards Rulemaking Federal
Advisory Committee (ASRAC) to negotiate standards and a test procedure
for general pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0039) \11\ The CIP
Working Group concluded its negotiations on June 19, 2014, with a
consensus vote to approve a term sheet containing recommendations to
DOE on appropriate standard levels for general pumps, as well as
recommendations addressing issues related to the metric and test
procedure for general pumps (``CIP Working Group
recommendations'').\12\
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\11\ Information on the ASRAC, the CIP Working Group, and
meeting dates is available at http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/appliance-standards-and-rulemaking-federal-advisory-committee.
\12\ The term sheet containing the Working Group recommendations
is available in the CIP Working Group's docket. (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-NOC-0039, No. 92)
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In the CIP Working Group recommendations, the Working Group
formally recommended DOE initiate a separate rulemaking for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0039, No. 92,
Recommendation #5A at p. 2) Therefore, in the January 2016 general
pumps TP final rule, DOE explicitly excluded dedicated-purpose pool
pumps from the categories of pumps to which the test procedure and
standards applied. 81 FR 4086, 4098-99 (Jan. 25, 2016). DOE also
refrained from adopting a definition for dedicated-purpose pool pump
and stated that DOE would define the term in the separate rule
specifically addressing such equipment. Id.
To begin the separate rulemaking for dedicated-purpose pool pumps
referenced in the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule (81 FR 4086,
4098-99 (Jan. 25, 2016)) and recommended by the CIP Working Group
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0039, No. 92, Recommendation #5A at p. 2),
on May 8, 2015, DOE issued a Request for Information (RFI), hereafter
referred to as the ``May 2015 DPPP RFI.'' The May 2015 DPPP RFI
presented information and requested public comment about any
definitions, metrics, test procedures, equipment characteristics, and
typical applications relevant to DPPP equipment. 80 FR 26475. In
response to the May 2015 DPPP RFI, DOE received six written comments.
The commenters included the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals
(APSP); Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), Southern California
Gas Company (SCG), Southern California Edison (SCE), and San Diego Gas
and Electric Company (SDG&E), collectively referred to herein as the
California Investor-Owned Utilities (CA IOUs); the Hydraulic Institute
(HI); Ms. Newman; the National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA); and River City Pool and Spa (River City).
In response to the May 2015 DPPP RFI, APSP, HI, and CA IOUs all
encouraged DOE to pursue a negotiated rulemaking for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps. (Docket. No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, APSP, No. 10 at p. 2;
HI, No. 8 at p. 2; CA IOUs, No. 11 at p. 2) Consistent with feedback
from these interested parties, DOE began a process through the ASRAC to
discuss conducting a negotiated rulemaking to develop standards and a
test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps as an alternative to
the traditional notice and comment route that DOE had already begun.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008) On August 25, 2015, DOE published a
notice of intent to establish a negotiated rulemaking working group for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps (as previously defined, the ``DPPP Working
Group'') to negotiate, if possible, Federal standards for the energy
efficiency of dedicated-purpose pool pumps and to announce the first
public meeting. 80 FR 51483. The initial ASRAC charter allowed for 3
months of working group meetings to establish the scope, metric,
definitions, and test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps and
reserved any discussion of standards to a later set of meetings once
analysis had been conducted based on the framework established under
the original charter. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0005, No. 56 at p.
27) On October 15, 2015, DOE published a notice of public open meetings
of the DPPP Working Group. 80 FR 61996. The members of the Working
Group were selected to ensure a broad and balanced array of interested
parties and expertise, including representatives from efficiency
advocacy organizations and manufacturers. Additionally, one member from
ASRAC and one DOE representative were part of the Working Group. Table
I.1 lists the 13 members of the DPPP Working Group and their
affiliations.
[[Page 64584]]
Table I.1--ASRAC DPPP Working Group Members and Affiliations
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Member Affiliation Abbreviation
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John Caskey................. National Electrical NEMA
Manufacturers
Association (and
ASRAC
representative).
John Cymbalsky.............. U.S. Department of DOE
Energy.
Kristin Driskell............ California Energy CEC
Commission.
Scott Durfee................ Nidec Motor Nidec
Corporation.
Jeff Farlow................. Pentair Aquatic Pentair
Systems.
Gary Fernstrom.............. California Investor- CA IOUs
Owned Utilities
(PG&E, SDG&E, SCG,
and SCE).
Patrizio Fumagalli.......... Bestway USA, Inc.... Bestway
Paul Lin.................... Regal Beloit Regal
Corporation.
Joanna Mauer................ Appliance Standards ASAP
Awareness Project.
Ray Mirza................... Waterway............ Waterway
Doug Philhower.............. Hayward Industries, Hayward
Inc.
Shajee Siddiqui............. Zodiac Pool Systems, Zodiac
Inc.
Meg Waltner................. Natural Resources NRDC
Defense Council.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The DPPP Working Group commenced negotiations at an open meeting on
September 30 and October 1, 2015, and held three additional meetings to
discuss scope, metrics, and the test procedure.\13\ The DPPP Working
Group concluded its negotiations on December 8, 2015, with a consensus
vote to approve a term sheet containing recommendations to DOE on
scope, metric, and the basis of the test procedure (``December 2015
DPPP Working Group recommendations'').\14\ The term sheet containing
these recommendations is available in the DPPP Working Group docket.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51) ASRAC subsequently voted
unanimously to approve the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations during a January 20, 2016, meeting. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 0052)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ Details of the negotiations sessions can be found in the
public meeting transcripts that are posted to the docket for the
Working Group (www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008).
\14\ The ground rules of the DPPP Working Group define consensus
as no more than three negative votes. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-0008-
0016 at p. 3) Concurrence was assumed absent overt dissent,
evidenced by a negative vote. Abstention was not construed as a
negative vote.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations pertinent to
the test procedure and standard metric are reflected in this NOPR. In
addition to referring to the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, DOE also refers to discussions from the DPPP Working
Group meetings regarding potential actions that were not formally
approved. All references herein to approved recommendations include a
citation to the December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations and
are noted with the recommendation number (e.g., Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. #, Recommendation #X at p. Y). References herein to
discussions or suggestions of the DPPP Working Group not found in the
December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations include a citation to
meeting transcripts and the commenter, if applicable (e.g., Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, [Organization], No. X at p. Y).
The DPPP Working Group also requested more time to discuss
potential energy conservation standards for this equipment. On January
20, 2016, ASRAC met and recommended that the DPPP Working Group
continue its work to develop and recommend potential energy
conservation standards for this equipment. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-
NOC-0005, No. 71 at pp. 20-52) Those meetings commenced on March 21,
2016, (81 FR 10152, 10153) and concluded on June 23, 2016, with
approval of a second term sheet (June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations) containing Working Group recommendations related to
scope, definitions, energy conservation standards--performance
standards or design requirements for various styles of pumps,
applicable test procedure, and labeling for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82) The June 2016 DPPP
Working Group recommendations also contained a non-binding
recommendation regarding industry training for dedicated-purpose pool
pump trades. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Non-Binding
Recommendation #1 at p. 5) The proposed definitions, DPPP test
procedure, sampling provisions, enforcement requirements, and labeling
requirements contained in this NOPR reflect the suggestions of the DPPP
Working Group made during these meetings, as well as the
recommendations contained in the both the December 2015 and June 2016
DPPP Working Group recommendations.
DOE notes that many of those who submitted comments pertaining to
the 2015 RFI later became members of the DPPP Working Group. As such,
the concerns of these commenters were fully discussed as part of the
meetings, and the positions of these commenters may have changed as a
result of the compromises inherent in a negotiation. The proposals in
this NOPR incorporate and respond to several issues and recommendations
that were raised in response to the 2015 RFI. However, where an RFI
commenter became a member of the DPPP Working Group, DOE does not
separately address comments made by that interested party regarding
issues that were later discussed or negotiated in the DPPP Working
Group. As a result, no comments are addressed twice. Table I.2 lists
the RFI commenters as well as whether they participated in the DPPP
Working Group.
Table I.2--List of RFI Commenters
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commenter DPPP working group member
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Association of Pool and Spa Professionals.. No.
California Investor-Owned Utilities........ Yes.
Hydraulics Institute....................... No.
Ms. Newman................................. No.
National Electrical Manufacturers Yes.
Association.
River City Pool and Spa.................... No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
In this TP NOPR, DOE proposes to amend subpart Y to 10 CFR part 431
to include definitions and a test procedure applicable to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. However, DOE proposes to establish a test procedure
for only a specific subset of dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Specifically, this proposed test procedure would apply only to self-
priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and
pressure
[[Page 64585]]
cleaner booster pumps. The proposed test procedure would not apply to
integral cartridge-filter pool pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps,
storable electric spa pumps, or rigid electric spa pumps. The proposed
test procedure would be applicable to those varieties of pool pumps for
which DOE is considering performance-based standards, as well as
additional categories of dedicated-purpose pool pumps for which the
DPPP Working Group did not propose standards (see section III.A.6 for
more information on the applicability of the proposed test procedure to
different DPPP varieties). However, DOE notes that the scope of any
energy conservation standards would be established in a separate ECS
rulemaking for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008) Manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps subject to this
TP and the related ECS rulemaking would be required to use this DPPP
test procedure when certifying compliance with any applicable standard
and when making representations about the efficiency or energy use of
their equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d))
In this NOPR, DOE proposes a new metric, the weighted energy factor
(WEF), to characterize the energy performance of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps within the scope of this test procedure. WEF is determined as a
weighted average of water flow rate over the input power to the
dedicated-purpose pool pump at different load points, depending on the
variety of dedicated-purpose pool pump and the number of operating
speeds with which it is distributed in commerce. The proposed DPPP test
procedure contains the methods for determining WEF for self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and pressure
cleaner booster pumps. In addition, the proposed DPPP test procedure
contains a test method to determine the self-priming capability of pool
filter pumps to effectively differentiate self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps. Finally, the proposed DPPP test procedure
contains optional methods for determining the WEF for replacement DPPP
motors.
DOE's proposed test method includes measurements of flow rate and
input power, both of which are required to calculate WEF, as well as
other quantities to effectively characterize the rated DPPP performance
(e.g., head, hydraulic output power, rotating speed). For consistent
and uniform measurement of these values, DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference the test methods established in HI 40.6-2014, ``Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' with certain exceptions. DOE
reviewed the relevant sections of HI 40.6-2014 and determined that HI
40.6-2014, in conjunction with the additional test methods and
calculations proposed in this test procedure, would produce test
results that reflect the energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated
operating costs of a dedicated-purpose pool pump during a
representative average use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE also
reviewed the burdens associated with conducting the proposed test
procedure, including HI 40.6-2014, and, based on the results of such
analysis, found that the proposed test procedure would not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE's analysis of the
burdens associated with the proposed test procedure is presented in
section IV.B.
This NOPR also proposes requirements regarding the sampling plan,
certification requirements, and representations for covered dedicated-
purpose pool pumps at subpart B of part 429 of title 10 of the Code of
Federal Regulations. The sampling plan requirements are similar to
those for several other types of commercial equipment and are
appropriate for dedicated-purpose pool pumps based on the expected
range of measurement uncertainty and manufacturing tolerances for this
equipment (see section III.I.1 for more detailed information). As DOE's
proposed DPPP test procedure contains methods for calculating the EF,
pump overall efficiency, PF, and other relevant quantities, DOE also
proposes provisions regarding allowable representations of energy
consumption, energy efficiency, and other relevant metrics
manufacturers may make regarding DPPP performance (section III.E).
Starting on the compliance date for any energy conservation
standards that DOE may set for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, all
dedicated-purpose pool pumps within the scope of those standards would
be required certified in accordance with the amended subpart Y of part
431 and the applicable sampling requirements. DOE is also proposing
that, beginning on the compliance date of any energy conservation
standards that DOE may set for dedicated-purposed pool pumps, certain
information be reported to DOE on an annual basis as part of a
certification of compliance with those standards (section III.I.2).
Similarly, all representations regarding the energy efficiency or
energy use of dedicated-purpose pool pumps for which this proposed DPPP
test procedure should be made by testing in accordance with the adopted
DPPP test procedure 180 days after the publication date of any TP final
rule establishing such procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) DOE
understands that manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps likely
have historical test data (e.g., existing pump curves) that were
developed with methods consistent with the DOE test procedure being
proposed. As DOE understands that the proposed DPPP test procedure is
based on the same testing methodology used to generate most existing
pump performance information, DOE notes that it does not expect that
manufacturers would need to regenerate all of the historical test data
as long as the tested units remain representative of the basic model's
current design and the rating remains valid under the adopted method of
test for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. If the testing methods used to
generate historical ratings for DPPP basic models were substantially
different from those proposed in this NOPR or the manufacturer has
changed the design of the basic model, the representations resulting
from the historical methods would no longer be valid.
III. Discussion
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend subpart Y of part 431 to add a
new DPPP test procedure and related definitions, amend 10 CFR 429.60 to
add a new sampling plan for this equipment, and add new enforcement
provisions for dedicated-purpose pool pumps in 10 CFR 429.110 and
429.134. The proposed amendments are shown in Table III.1.
[[Page 64586]]
Table III.1--Summary of Proposals in This NOPR, Their Location Within the Code of Federal Regulations, and the
Applicable Preamble Discussion
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable preamble
Location Proposal Summary of additions discussion
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR 429.60...................... Test Procedure Minimum number of dedicated- Section III.I.
Sampling Plan and purpose pool pumps to be
Certification tested to rate a DPPP
Requirements. basic model, determination
of representative values,
and certification
reporting requirements.
10 CFR 429.110 & 429.134........... Enforcement Provisions Method for DOE Section III.I.
determination of
compliance of DPPP basic
models.
10 CFR 431.462..................... Definitions........... Definitions pertinent to Section III.A.
categorizing and testing
of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
10 CFR 431.464 & Appendix B........ Test Procedure........ Instructions for Sections III.B, III.C,
determining the WEF (and III.D, III.E, III.F,
other applicable and III.G.
performance
characteristics) for
applicable varieties of
dedicated-purpose pool
pumps and replacement DPPP
motors.
10 CFR 431.466..................... Labeling.............. Requirements for labeling III.G.
dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following sections discuss DOE's proposals regarding (A)
definitions related to the categorizing and testing of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps; (B) the metric to describe the energy performance
of dedicated-purpose pool pumps; (C) the test procedure for different
varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps; (D) the specific test
methods for determining pump performance that form the basis for the
DOE test procedure; (E) additional test methods necessary to determine
rated hydraulic horsepower,\15\ other DPPP horsepower metrics,\16\ and
the self-priming capability of dedicated-purpose pool pumps; (F)
selecting test samples and representations of energy use and energy
efficiency; (G) labeling requirements for dedicated-purpose pool pumps;
(H) an optional test method for replacement DPPP motors; and (I)
certification and enforcement provisions for tested DPPP models.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ Rated hydraulic horsepower refers to the hydraulic
horsepower at maximum speed and full impeller diameter on the
reference curve for the rated pump and is the metric DOE proposes to
use to describe the ``size'' of dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (See
section III.E.1.)
\16\ DOE proposes, based on the June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, standardized methods for determining nominal motor
horsepower, total horsepower, and service factor of a dedicated
purpose pool pump to support labeling provisions. The proposed test
methods are discussed in section III.E and the labeling requirements
are discussed in section III.G.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Definitions
As discussed in section I.B, in the January 2016 general pumps TP
final rule, DOE adopted a definition at 10 CFR 431.462 for ``pump''
along with other pump component- and configuration-related definitions.
These definitions were necessary to establish the scope of the general
pump test procedure and standards and to appropriately apply the test
procedure. 81 FR 4086, 4090-4104 (Jan. 25, 2016).
Although dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a style of pump, DOE
declined to establish a test procedure or standards applicable to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps in the January 2016 general pumps TP and
ECS final rules because of their different equipment characteristics
and applications. Id. at 4094 (Jan. 25, 2016) and 81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26,
2016), respectively. Therefore, in this NOPR, DOE proposes a definition
for dedicated-purpose pool pump, as well as related definitions for
different varieties and operating speed configurations of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. DOE also proposes definitions pertinent to
categorizing and testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps in accordance
with the DOE test procedure. DOE presents these definitions in the
subsequent sections. In addition, DOE is proposing definitions and
methods for determining for several terms related to describing ``DPPP
size,'' including ``rated hydraulic horsepower,'' ``dedicated-purpose
pool pump nominal motor horsepower,'' ``dedicated-purpose pool pump
service factor,'' and ``dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower.'' These terms are discussed in detail in section III.E.1.
1. Existing Pump Definitions
As dedicated-purpose pool pumps fall into the larger pump equipment
category, prior to proposing any definitions applicable to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, it is necessary to review existing definitions
related to pumps. In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE
defined a ``pump'' as equipment designed to move liquids which may
include entrained gases, free solids, and totally dissolved solids) by
physical or mechanical action and includes a bare pump and, if included
by the manufacturer at the time of sale, mechanical equipment, driver,
and controls. 81 FR 4086, 4090 (Jan. 25, 2016). In order to fully
define the term ``pump,'' DOE also adopted the following definitions
for the terms ``bare pump,'' ``mechanical equipment,'' ``driver,'' and
``controls:''
Bare pump means a pump excluding mechanical equipment,
driver, and controls.
Mechanical equipment means any component of a pump that
transfers energy from a driver to the bare pump.
Driver means the machine providing mechanical input to
drive a bare pump directly or through the use of mechanical equipment.
Examples include, but are not limited to, an electric motor, internal
combustion engine, or gas/steam turbine.
Control means any device that can be used to operate the
driver. Examples include, but are not limited to, continuous or non-
continuous controls, schedule-based controls, on/off switches, and
float switches.
Id. at 4090-91.
DOE notes that because dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a style of
pump, these terms also apply to the definition of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps and certain DPPP components.
In addition to defining the term ``pump,'' in the January 2016
general pumps TP final rule, DOE also established and defined five
varieties of pump to which the test procedure and standards established
in the January 2016 general pumps TP and ECS final rules, respectively,
apply. These pump varieties are (1) ESCC, (2) ESFM, (3) IL, (4) RSV,
and (5) ST pumps.
In order to specifically exclude dedicated-purpose pool pumps from
the scope of the general pumps test
[[Page 64587]]
procedure and standards, DOE explicitly excluded dedicated-purpose pool
pumps from the ESCC pump and ESFM pump definitions. 81 FR 4086, 4098-99
(Jan. 25, 2016). Specifically, DOE defined ``end suction close-coupled
(ESCC) pump'' as a close-coupled, dry rotor, end suction pump that has
a shaft input power greater than or equal to 1-hp and less than or
equal to 200-hp at BEP and full impeller diameter and that is not a
dedicated-purpose pool pump. Examples include, but are not limited to,
pumps within the specified horsepower range that comply with ANSI/HI
nomenclature OH7, as described in ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014. Id. at 4146.
DOE also defined ``end suction frame mounted/own bearings (ESFM) pump''
as a mechanically-coupled, dry rotor, end suction pump that has a shaft
input power greater than or equal to 1-hp and less than or equal to
200-hp at BEP and full impeller diameter and that is not a dedicated-
purpose pool pump. Examples include, but are not limited to, pumps
within the specified horsepower range that comply with ANSI/HI
nomenclature OH0 and OH1, as described in ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014.
Id. at 4146.
The definitions presented in the previous paragraph ensure that
dedicated-purpose pool pumps cannot be classified as ESCC or ESFM, and
thus are excluded from the scope of applicability of the general pumps
test procedure. DOE notes that dedicated-purpose pool pumps are only
constructed as end suction pumps and, thus, exclusion from the IL, RSV,
and ST equipment varieties is not necessary as they are not end suction
pumps.
As dedicated-purpose pool pumps are end suction pumps, DOE believes
the definition for end suction pump established in the January 2016
general pumps TP final rule also applies to dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE defined
``end suction pump'' as a single-stage, rotodynamic pump in which the
liquid enters the bare pump in a direction parallel to the impeller
shaft and on the side opposite the bare pump's driver-end. The liquid
is discharged through a volute in a plane perpendicular to the shaft.
81 FR 4086, 4146 (Jan. 25, 2016). DOE notes that, as it is referenced
in the definition for end suction pump, the definition for rotodynamic
pump \17\ established at 10 CFR 431.462 in the January 2016 general
pumps TP final rule also applies to dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Id. at 4147.
\17\ In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE
defined rotodynamic pump as a pump in which energy is continuously
imparted to the pumped fluid by means of a rotating impeller,
propeller, or rotor. 81 FR 4086, 4147 (Jan. 25, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In DOE's view, the term ``dry rotor pump'' applies to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps because, to DOE's knowledge, all dedicated-purpose
pool pumps are dry rotor, as defined in the January 2016 general pumps
final rule. DOE defines ``dry rotor pump'' as ``a pump in which the
motor rotor is not immersed in the pumped fluid.'' 10 CFR 431.462. (Dry
rotor pump is used herein in the definition of pressure cleaner booster
pump (see section III.A.4.b)).
DOE requests comment on whether all dedicated-purpose pool pumps
are dry rotor.
Other definitions established or incorporated by reference in the
January 2016 general pumps TP final rule that apply to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps are the following: The definition of basic model
(discussed further in section III.A.8), the definitions in HI 40.6-2014
relevant to testing pumps (discussed further in section III.D.1), and
the definition of self-priming pump (discussed further in section
III.A.3.b). While other terms may be applicable to the description of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, they are not, at this time, proposed to
be referenced in any of the DPPP definitions or specifications of the
DPPP test procedure.
2. Definition of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump
The DPPP Working Group recommended that ``dedicated-purpose pool
pumps'' comprise the following pump varieties: Self-priming pool filter
pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, pressure
cleaner booster pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, integral
cartridge-filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, and rigid
electric spa pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51
Recommendations #1 at p. 1) The DPPP Working Group defined the specific
characteristics of each specific pump variety that it considers to be a
dedicated-purpose pool pump. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51
Recommendations #4 at pp. 2-4) These definitions are discussed in more
detail in sections III.A.3, III.A.4, and III.A.5.
Consistent with the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, DOE
proposes the following definition for dedicated-purpose pool pump:
Dedicated-purpose pool pump comprises self-priming pool filter
pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, pressure
cleaner booster pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, integral-
cartridge filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, and rigid
electric spa pumps.
DOE believes that the proposed definition for dedicated-purpose
pool pump captures all varieties of pump that are typically used in
pools to circulate water or provide other auxiliary functions and
clearly delineates that the term includes only the listed varieties.
DOE notes that the proposed definition is also consistent with comments
received in response to the May 2015 DPPP RFI.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for ``dedicated-
purpose pool pump.''
3. Pool Filter Pumps
Pool filter pumps are the most common style of dedicated-purpose
pool pump. A ``pool filter pump'' or ``pool circulation pump'' is
typically used to refer to an end suction style pump (see section
III.A.1) that circulates water through a pool and filtration system and
removes large debris using a basket strainer or other device. The DPPP
Working Group recommended to define pool filter pump as an end suction
pump that (a) either:
(1) Includes an integrated basket strainer, or
(2) does not include an integrated basket strainer, but requires a
basket strainer for operation, as stated in manufacturer literature
provided with the pump; and
(b) may be distributed in commerce connected to, or packaged with,
a sand filter, removable cartridge filter, or other filtration
accessory, so long as the filtration accessory is connected with
consumer-removable connections that allow the pump to be plumbed to
bypass the filtration accessory. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No.
51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3) In this NOPR, DOE proposes adopting
the Working Group's recommended definition for pool filter pump.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``pool filter
pump.''
a. Definition of a Basket Strainer and Filtration Accessories
The proposed definition of pool filter pump includes the use of a
basket strainer to differentiate pool filter pumps from other varieties
of end suction pumps. The DPPP Working Group discussed the basket
strainer feature and determined that all pool filter pumps will either
include an integrated basket strainer or require one to be obtained
separately and installed in order for the pump function correctly.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs and Pentair, No. 58
[[Page 64588]]
at pp. 50-53) To clearly and unambiguously establish what would be
considered a basket strainer when applying the pool filter pump
definition, the DPPP Working Group recommended to define ``basket
strainer'' as ``a perforated or otherwise porous receptacle that
prevents solid debris from entering a pump, when mounted within a
housing on the suction side of a pump. The basket strainer receptacle
is capable of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in diameter, and can be
removed by hand or using only simple tools. Simple tools include but
are not limited to a screwdriver, pliers, and an open-ended wrench.''
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3)
The DPPP Working Group also noted that some pool filter pumps may
be distributed in commerce with additional pool filtration equipment,
such as a sand filter or removable cartridge filter, but that are
otherwise similar to pool filter pumps sold without such additional
filtration accessories. The DPPP Working Group concluded that, if the
additional pool filtration equipment is connected to the bare pump with
consumer-removable connections that allow the pump to be plumbed to
bypass the filtration accessory, then the package, as distributed in
commerce, should be considered as a pool filter pump. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 58 at pp. 127-132) The DPPP Working Group also
recommended that, if the removable cartridge filter or sand filter
could not be plumbed out for testing, such a pump would be considered
an integral cartridge-filter pool pump or an integral sand-filter pool
pump, respectively, as described in section III.A.3.c. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3)
Therefore, to clearly establish what would be considered a
``removable cartridge filter'' for the purposes of applying these
regulations, and especially to differentiate removable cartridge
filters from basket strainers, the DPPP Working Group recommended that
the definitions of basket strainer and removable cartridge filter
include a specification for the diameter of spherical solid that the
basket strainer or filter component is capable of passing. The DPPP
Working Group discussed this issue and determined that a diameter of 1
mm would effectively distinguish between removable cartridge filters
and basket strainers. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, DOE,
Waterway, and Zodiac, No. 53 at pp. 13-19) Therefore, the DPPP Working
Group recommended a definition for ``removable cartridge filter'' as
``a filter component with fixed dimensions that captures and removes
suspended particles from water flowing through the unit. The removable
cartridge filter is not capable of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in
diameter, can be removed from the filter housing by hand or using only
simple tools, and is not a sand filter. Simple tools include but are
not limited to a screwdriver, pliers, and an open-ended wrench.''
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3)
Similarly, to clearly differentiate the sand filters from other
filtration apparatuses, such as basket strainers and removable
cartridge filters, the DPPP Working Group recommended defining ``sand
filter'' as ``a device designed to filter water through sand or an
alternate sand-type media.'' The proposed definition for sand filter is
intended to include all depth filters that allow fluid to pass through
while retaining particulates and debris in a porous filtration medium.
In the DPPP equipment industry, such a filter is most commonly made
with sand, but could also be made with other media such as diatomaceous
earth. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 58 at pp. 91-96).
DOE notes that these definitions are useful in clearly
differentiating different styles of pool filter pumps, including
integral cartridge-filter and sand-filter pool pumps, from those that
have non-integral filtration accessories. In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
adopt definitions for basket strainer, removable cartridge filter, and
sand filter, as recommended by the DPPP Working Group.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions of ``basket
strainer,'' ``removable cartridge filter,'' and ``sand filter.''
In addition, DOE also proposes a definition for ``integral,'' which
is presented and discussed in more detail in section III.A.3.c.
b. Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
All pool filter pumps on the market are either self-priming or non-
self-priming. Self-priming pumps are able to lift liquid that
originates below the centerline of the pump inlet and, after initial
manual priming, are able to subsequently re-prime without the use of
external vacuum sources, manual filling, or a foot valve. In contrast,
non-self-priming pumps must be manually primed prior to start up each
time. Accordingly, self-priming pumps are constructed in a different
manner than non-self-priming pumps and have different energy use
characteristics. Specifically, self-priming pool filter pumps typically
incorporate a diffuser that maintains the prime on the pump between
periods of operation. The diffuser affects the energy performance of
the pump because it can decrease the maximum achievable energy
efficiency.
In addition, whether a pool filter pump is self-priming or not also
impacts the typical applications for pool filter pumps. Specifically,
in the DPPP equipment industry, self-priming pool filter pumps are
often referred to as ``inground pool pumps'' and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps are often referred to as ``aboveground pool pumps.'' \18\
This is because in aboveground pools, the pump is typically installed
on the ground and below the water level in the pool, so the water will
naturally flood the pump and self-priming capability is not necessary.
Conversely, in inground pools, the pump is also located on the ground
next to the pool, but the pump is above the water line and the pump
must be self-priming for convenient and continuous operation of the
pump.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ DOE notes that in the May 2015 DPPP RFI, DOE referred to
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps as inground and
aboveground pool pumps, respectively. 80 FR 26475, 26481 (May 8,
2015)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accordingly, the DPPP Working Group proposed to analyze self-
priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps separately. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #2A at p. 2) The DPPP
Working Group also recommended definitions for ``self-priming pool
filter pump'' and ``non-self-priming pool filter pump'' as follows:
Self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump
that is a self-priming pump.
Non-self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump
that is not a self-priming pump.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3)
DOE notes that, in the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule,
DOE already defined the term ``self-priming pump'' as a pump that (1)
is designed to lift liquid that originates below the centerline of the
pump inlet; (2) contains at least one internal recirculation passage;
and (3) requires a manual filling of the pump casing prior to initial
start-up, but is able to re-prime after the initial start-up without
the use of external vacuum sources, manual filling, or a foot valve. 81
FR 4086, 4147 (Jan. 25, 2016). However, this definition is not
applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps because pool filter pumps
[[Page 64589]]
typically do not contain a recirculation passage to accomplish the
self-priming function. Instead, self-priming dedicated-purpose pool
pumps typically use a diffuser to maintain prime. Therefore, DOE must
develop a new definition that differentiates self-priming versus non-
self-priming pool filter pumps.
In considering a definition for self-priming pool filter pump, the
DPPP Working Group subsequently discussed any unique characteristics
that would effectively differentiate self-priming pool filter pumps
from those that were not. Specifically, the DPPP Working Group members
noted that NSF International \19\/ANSI 50-2015 (NSF/ANSI 50-2015),
``Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Other Recreational
Water Facilities,'' which contains testing methods and criteria for
determining whether a dedicated-purpose pool pump is capable of self-
priming. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. XX at pp. 16-40; 109-
114; 122-129) Specifically, section 6.8 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 states that
``a pump designated as self-priming shall be capable of repriming
itself when operated under a suction lift without the addition of more
liquid. Self-priming capability shall be verified in accordance with
Annex C, section C.3.'' Further, section C.3 of Annex C of NSF/ANSI 50-
2015 describes the self-priming capability test method. The criteria a
pump must meet to satisfy the self-priming capability test are being
able to prime under a vertical lift of 5 feet or the manufacturer's
specified lift, whichever is greater, within 6 minutes or the
manufacturer's recommended time, whichever is greater.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ NSF International was previously called the National
Sanitation Foundation, but changed their name to NSF International
in 1990.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The NSF/ANSI 50-2015 method provides manufacturers with a
considerable amount of discretion regarding the categorization of self-
priming pumps. However, DOE intends to establish clear and unambiguous
criteria to determine self-priming capability to ensure consistent and
equitable product ratings across pump models. The DPPP Working Group
discussed the importance of aligning the proposed definition of self-
priming pool filter pump with that used in NSF/ANSI 50-2015.
Specifically, Hayward and Zodiac noted that the vertical lift and true
priming time referenced in any potential DOE definition should be
equivalent to that specified in NSF/ANSI 50-2015. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, Hayward, No. 79 at pp. 160; Zodiac, No. 79 at pp.
161-162,)
In order for DOE's definitions to be clear, consistent, and
unambiguous, DOE must specify clear and unambiguous criteria that would
be used to determine whether a pool filter pump is self-priming. To
that end, the DPPP Working Group proposed definitions for self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps that were consistent with the
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 criteria, but also provided clear and unambiguous
criteria to allow for consistent categorization of such pumps.
Specifically, in the April 2016 meeting, the DPPP Working Group voted
to approve the following definitions for self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps: \20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ There was one vote against the approved definitions of
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pump. Pentair
disagreed with the proposed definitions because Pentair manufactures
aboveground pool pumps that can prime themselves to some extent.
Although Pentair does not claim these pumps as self-priming, they
would meet the definition of self-priming proposed by the Working
Group. As such, Pentair was concerned that a sizeable portion of
their aboveground pumps would be classified as the self-priming
variety. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, Pentair, No. 79 at p.
191)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 to be self-priming or is capable of
re-priming to a vertical lift of at least 5 feet with a true priming
time less than or equal to 10 minutes, when tested in accordance with
NSF/ANSI 50-2015.
Non-self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
not certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 to be self-priming and is not
capable of re-priming to a vertical lift of at least 5 feet with a true
priming time less than or equal to 10 minutes, when tested in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 50-2015.
The definitions are consistent with the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 self-
priming designation such that any pumps certified as self-priming under
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 would be treated as self-priming pool filter pumps
under the DOE regulations, even if such a pump was certified based on
manufacturer's specified or recommended vertical lift and/or true
priming time. However, as certification with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 is
voluntary, the definitions also adopt specific criteria in terms of
vertical lift and true priming time that are applicable to any pool
filter pumps not certified as self-priming under NSF/ANSI 50-2015. The
criterion for vertical lift is specified as 5 feet, consistent with the
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 requirement. This ensures that all pool filter pumps
that can achieve a vertical lift of 5 feet (within the required true
priming time), whether they are certified with NSF/ANSI or not, would
be considered a self-priming pool filter pump under DOE's regulations.
However, DOE notes that, in order to specify the appropriate level of
precision in the definitions, DOE proposes to specify the vertical lift
value as 5.0 feet. DOE believes this level of precision is reasonable
and achievable given the repeatability of the test and the level of
accuracy required by the equipment for measuring distance specified in
section III.D.2.f.
The criterion for true priming time recommended by the DPPP Working
Group is 10 minutes, as opposed to the 6 minutes specified in NSF/ANSI
50-2015. This is because the 6 minute threshold is a minimum, and
manufacturers believed that some pool filter pumps that are currently
considered self-priming pool filter pumps in the industry have true
priming times greater than 6 minutes. Thus, the DPPP Working Group
believed that 10 minutes was more appropriate and comprehensive.
Similar to the specification on vertical lift, DOE proposes to more
precisely specify the true priming time as 10.0 minutes, which DOE also
believes is reasonable and consistent with the level of accuracy
required by the time measurement equipment specified in section
III.D.2.f.
Therefore, DOE proposes to adopt new definitions for self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps based on the NSF/ANSI 50-2015
test and the criteria recommended by the DPPP Working Group, with minor
modifications regarding the level of precision required by the
criteria. DOE notes that these definitions rely on the NSF/ANSI 50-2015
test method to determine self-priming capability. Accordingly, DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference relevant sections of the NSF/ANSI
50-2015 standard and also proposes several modifications and additions
to improve repeatability and consistency of the test results. DOE's
proposed test procedure for determining self-priming capability,
including the incorporation by reference of the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test
method, is discussed further in section III.E.2.
As noted previously, DOE established a definition for self-priming
pump in the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule that is not
applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. 81 FR 4086, 4147 (Jan. 25,
2016). However, self-priming pool filter pumps are a style of pump and
are self-priming. Therefore, to ensure the definition of self-priming
pump is comprehensive and consistent with the proposed new
[[Page 64590]]
definitions for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pump, DOE
proposes to modify the definition of self-priming pump to also include
self-priming pool filter pumps, in addition to the other referenced
criteria. The proposed amended definition for self-priming pump would
read as set out in the regulatory text at the end of this document.
DOE requests comment on the proposed amendments to the definition
of self-priming pump.
Finally, as discussed further in section III.A.4.a, a waterfall
pump is a specific style of pool filter pump that has flow and head
characteristics designed specifically for waterfall and water feature
applications. Section III.A.4.a also presents the specific definition
for waterfall pump. As waterfall pumps are pool filter pumps and could
be either self-priming or non-self-priming, unless explicitly excluded,
they would meet the definitions of self-priming or non-self-priming
pool filter pump proposed by the Working Group. However, DOE intends
for such pumps to be treated specifically as waterfall pumps.
Therefore, in order to exclude waterfall pumps from the self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pump varieties, DOE proposes to
clarify such in the definition of self-priming and non-self-priming
pool filter pump. The proposed definitions for self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pump read as set out in the regulatory text at
the end of this document.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions for ``self-priming
pool filter pump'' and ``non-self-priming pool filter pump.''
c. Integral Cartridge-Filter and Integral Sand-Filter Pool Pumps
Most self-priming and non-self-priming filter pumps are installed
in permanent inground or aboveground pools. However, a significant
market also exists for temporary pools; e.g., inflatable or collapsible
pools that can be deflated or collapsed when not in use. Although
temporary pools also require dedicated-purpose pool pumps to circulate
and filter the water, these pools are typically served by a unique
style of dedicated-purpose pool pump that is exclusively distributed in
commerce with a temporary pool or as a replacement pump for such a
pool. These pumps are integrally and permanently mounted to a
filtration accessory such as an integral cartridge-filter or sand-
filter. These pumps can only be operated with the integral filtration
accessory inline--the filtration accessory cannot be plumbed out for
the purposes of testing. As a result, these pumps may require separate
testing considerations than dedicated-purpose pool pumps for non-
temporary pools. However, as discussed further in section III.A.6, the
DPPP Working Group recommended only prescriptive energy conservation
standards for such equipment, not performance-based standards. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #2B at p. 2) The
recommended prescriptive standard requires that timers be distributed
in commerce with the pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82
Recommendation #2 at p. 2) Therefore, the test procedure proposed in
this document is not applicable to integral cartridge-filter and sand-
filter pool pumps.
DOE needs to define integral cartridge-filter and integral sand-
filter pool pumps clearly to differentiate them from other DPPP
varieties. The DPPP Working Group recommended the following definitions
for integral cartridge-filter pool pump and integral sand-filter pool
pump:
Integral cartridge-filter pool pump means a pump that
requires a removable cartridge filter, installed [in a housing] on the
suction side of the pump, for operation; and the pump cannot be plumbed
to bypass the cartridge filter for testing.
integral sand-filter pool pump means a pump distributed in
commerce with a sand filter that cannot be bypassed for testing.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3)
DOE believes that the proposed definitions differentiate integral
cartridge-filter and integral sand-filter pool pumps from other
varieties of pool filter pumps based on their physical construction.
DOE proposes to adopt the definitions for integral cartridge-filter
pool pump and integral sand-filter pool pump recommended by the DPPP
Working Group with a minor change to use consistent terminology in both
definitions.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``integral
cartridge-filter pool pump'' and ``integral sand-filter pool pump.''
4. Other Varieties of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
In addition to pool filter pumps, in the May 2015 DPPP RFI, DOE
identified varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps that are used to
drive auxiliary pool equipment such as pool cleaners and water
features. 80 FR 26475, 26481 (May 8, 2015). These pumps, which include
waterfall pumps and pressure cleaner booster pumps, are discussed in
greater detail in the following sections.
a. Waterfall Pumps
Certain styles of pumps are similar in design and construction to
pool filter pumps but specifically intended to pump water for water
features, such as waterfalls, and, therefore, have limited head and
speed operating ranges. DOE refers to these pumps as waterfall pumps.
Waterfall pumps meet the definition of pool filter pump discussed in
section III.A.3.b, but are always equipped with a lower speed motor
(approximately 1,800 rpm) in order to serve the specific high flow, low
head applications of typical water features. Based on this unique
construction and end user utility, the DPPP Working Group found it
appropriate to differentiate waterfall pumps from self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps. In accordance with the intent \21\ of
the December 2015 DPPP Working Group's recommendation (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-4), DOE proposes to
define waterfall pump as ``a pool filter pump with maximum head less
than or equal to 30 feet, and a maximum speed less than or equal to
1,800 rpm.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ DOE notes that the verbatim text of the waterfall pump
definition proposed by the DPPP Working Group in the December 2015
DPPP Working Group recommendations is ``a maximum 1,800 rpm nominal
speed, motor-driven pool filter pump with maximum head less than or
equal to 30 feet.'' (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-4) However, in this NOPR, DOE proposes to
make a few modifications to the definition recommended by the
Working Group to improve the clarity of the definition.
Specifically, DOE proposes to rearrange the terms in the definition,
and remove the reference to a waterfall pump as referencing a
specific driver. DOE believes these changes are consistent with the
intent of the DPPP Working Group and do not substantially change the
meaning of the definition.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The proposed definition uses maximum head and a specific maximum
speed to distinguish waterfall pumps from other varieties of pool
filter pumps. During negotiations, Hayward noted that waterfall pumps
typically operate at half speed [of a typical dedicated-purpose pool
pump], because the application of a waterfall feature does not require
a significant amount of head. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
Hayward, No. 39 at pp. 62-63) In this context, half speed refers to
1,800 rpm nominal speed or a 4-pole motor. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, Hayward, No. 39 at p. 74) The DPPP Working Group agreed that
all currently available waterfall pumps utilize 4-pole motors, as their
low flow requirements do not necessitate the use of a higher speed 2-
pole motor. Furthermore, the DPPP Working Group reviewed publically
available
[[Page 64591]]
specification and performance literature for waterfall pumps offered by
three major manufacturers. The DPPP Working Group found that these
waterfall pumps are single speed and use 4-pole motors and, as shown in
Figure III.1, have a maximum head less than or equal to 30 feet.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.000
The DPPP Working Group compared the waterfall pump performance data
with the performance data of those defined as self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps, and determined that those filter pumps
all produce more than 30 feet of head. Therefore, the DPPP Working
Group concluded that a maximum head of 30 feet, combined with a motor
with a maximum rotating speed of 1,800, would clearly distinguish
waterfall pumps from other varieties of pool filter pumps.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``waterfall
pump.''
b. Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps
Pressure cleaner booster pumps provide the water pressure that is
used to both propel pressure-side pool cleaners along the bottom of the
pool and to remove debris as the cleaner moves. To perform this task, a
pressure cleaner booster pump must provide a high amount of head and a
low flow.
The DPPP Working Group recommended that pressure cleaner booster
pumps be included as a variety of dedicated-purpose pool pump, subject
to the test procedure, and specifically considered in the analysis to
support potential energy conservation standards. (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #1 at p. 1, #2A at p. 2, and #6 at
p. 5) However, the DPPP Working Group did not recommend a definition of
pressure cleaner booster pump due to the difficulty of effectively
differentiating pressure cleaner booster pumps from other DPPP
varieties. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4
at p. 3) Instead, the DPPP Working Group recommended that DOE develop
an appropriate definition.
The DPPP Working Group discussed different design and performance
aspects of pressure cleaner booster pumps, though none were determined
to be sufficiently unique to pressure cleaner booster pumps to
effectively differentiate them from other pump varieties. Specifically,
the DPPP Working Group acknowledged that pressure cleaner booster pumps
have essentially the same construction and similar performance
characteristics (e.g., high head and low flow) as other general purpose
end suction pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 53 at pp. 84-
85)
After considering the design, construction, and performance
information for pressure cleaner booster pumps and the discussions of
the DPPP Working Group, DOE determined that the most effective
differentiator for pressure cleaner booster pumps is the fact that they
are designed and marketed for a specific pressure-side cleaning
application. Therefore, to effectively differentiate pressure cleaner
booster pumps from other pump varieties, DOE proposes to define
``pressure cleaner booster pump'' as an end suction, dry rotor pump
designed and marketed for pressure-side pool cleaner applications, and
which may be UL listed under
[[Page 64592]]
ANSI/UL 1081-2014, ``Standard for Swimming Pool Pumps, Filters, and
Chlorinators.''
The proposed definition for pressure cleaner booster pump does not
contain any unique construction or operational features and instead
utilizes intended application. To provide clarity and remove ambiguity
when applying the proposed definition for pressure cleaner booster
pump, DOE also proposes to adopt a definition for ``designed and
marketed'' that DOE will use when determining the applicability of any
DPPP test procedure or energy conservation standards to such pumps.
Specifically, DOE proposes to define ``designed and marketed'' as
meaning that the equipment is exclusively designed to fulfill the
indicated application and, when distributed in commerce, is designated
and marketed solely for that application, with the designation on the
packaging and all publicly available documents (e.g., product
literature, catalogs, and packaging labels).
In the proposed pressure cleaner booster pump definition, DOE also
references ANSI/UL 1081-2014, ``Standard for Swimming Pool Pumps,
Filters, and Chlorinators,'' as an illustrative aide in identifying
pressure cleaner booster pumps, as such pumps would be certified under
the ANSI/UL 1081-2014 standard. However, DOE recognizes that other
varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps may also be certified under
ANSI/UL 1081-2014 and thus, the reference is not mandatory in
determining whether a given pump would meet the definition of pressure
cleaner booster pump.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``pressure
cleaner booster pump'' and whether DOE should consider making ANSI/UL
1081-2014 a required label instead of illustrative in order to
distinguish pressure cleaner booster pumps.
5. Storable and Rigid Electric Spa Pumps
In addition to swimming pools, dedicated-purpose pool pumps are
also used in spas to circulate and filter the water and operate water
jets. Similar to swimming pools, spas can range in size and
construction style. Specifically, spas can be portable or permanent
installations and can be constructed out of a variety of materials
depending on the installation.
Permanent, inground spas are typically constructed similar to small
inground pools and use the same pumps (i.e., self-priming pool filter
pumps described in section III.A.3.b) to operate the spa. In some
applications, the same self-priming pool filter pump may serve both the
pool and the spa. In other applications, the permanent, inground spa
may have a dedicated self-priming pool filter pump that is identical in
design and construction to the self-priming pool filter pump installed
in permanent, inground pools.
Conversely, for portable spas, a specific-purpose pump is typically
distributed in commerce with the portable spa. Typically, the pumps
used in portable electric spas are specifically designed and marketed
for storable electric spa applications only. Such portable electric spa
applications are aboveground and can be further differentiated into two
general categories: Storable (or temporary) electric spas and rigid (or
permanent) electric spas. A storable electric spa refers to an
inflatable or otherwise temporary spa that can be collapsed or
compacted into a storable unit. In contrast, a rigid electric spa is
constructed with rigid, typically more durable materials and cannot be
collapsed or compacted for storage. Both of these spa varieties use a
pump to circulate water and power the water features of the electric
spa. However, the pumps that are typically installed in storable or
rigid electric spas have different performance and design
characteristics than other varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps
installed in permanent pools and spas due to their different usage
profiles.
In the May 2015 DPPP RFI, DOE identified spa pumps as small ESCC
pumps that do not have an integrated basket strainer. 80 FR 26475,
26481 (May 8, 2015). In response to the May 2015 DPPP RFI, APSP
commented that there is a difference between spa pumps and portable spa
pumps. APSP commented that some spa pumps are similar to other pool
pumps that are self-priming and have a strainer basket, while portable
spas are not self-priming and do not have strainer baskets. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, APSP, No. 10 at pp. 8-9)
In response, DOE notes that ENERGY STAR also specifically defines
and differentiates ``residential portable spa pump'' as a pump intended
for installation in a non-permanently installed residential spa as
defined in ANSI/NSPI-6 (ANSI/NSPI-6-1999), ``Standard for Portable
Spas.'' According to ENERGY STAR, such pumps are sometimes referred to
as hot tub pumps, but do not include jetted bathtub pumps.\22\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ ENERGY STAR Pool Pumps--Program Requirements Version 1.1.
Available at https://www.energystar.gov/products/spec/pool_pumps_specification_version_1_0_pd.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The DPPP Working Group discussed potential spa pump definitions,
necessary key characteristics that could differentiate the various
styles of spa pumps, and the appropriateness of the proposed test
procedure or any potential standards for these varieties of pumps.
Ultimately, the DPPP Working Group recommended to define ``storable
electric spa pump'' as ``a pump that is distributed in commerce with
one or more of the following: (1) An integral heater and (2) an
integral air pump.'' The DPPP Working Group also recommended to define
``rigid electric spa pumps'' as ``an end suction pump that does not
contain an integrated basket strainer or require a basket strainer for
operation as stated in the manufacturer literature provided with the
pump,'' and meets the following three criteria: (1) Is assembled with
four through bolts that hold the motor rear endplate, rear bearing,
rotor, front bearing, front endplate, and the bare pump together as an
integral unit; (2) is constructed with buttress threads at the inlet
and discharge of the bare pump; and (3) uses a casing or volute and
connections constructed of a non-metallic material. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #4 at p. 3) Research conducted
for the DPPP Working Group indicates that all pumps currently marketed
as rigid electric spa pumps exhibit all three of these features.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 53 at pp. 23-24) Additionally,
DOE's research did not identify any pumps with all three of these
features that are not marketed for use with rigid spas.
Based on the December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations, DOE
proposes to adopt the definitions recommended by the DPPP Working
Group.
In addition, DOE notes that the proposed definition for storable
electric spa pump differentiates the storable electric spa pump based
on the unique characteristic that the pump is an integral part of an
assembly that also contains an integral heater and/or an integral air
pump. In support of the proposed definition for storable electric spa
pump, the DPPP Working Group also recommended defining the term
``integral'' as ``a part of the device that cannot be removed without
compromising the device's function or destroying the physical integrity
of the unit.'' (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #4 at p. 3) The DPPP Working Group
[[Page 64593]]
determined that the proposed approach effectively differentiated rigid
electric spa pumps from other varieties of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 53 at pp. 20-21) DOE
believes that the definition of integral reflects the fact that a
storable electric spa pump or rigid electric spa pumps is part of a
single, inseparable unit that also contains a heater and/or an air
pump, and which cannot be separated without compromising the physical
integrity of the equipment. Therefore, DOE proposes to adopt the
definition for integral as proposed by the Working Group. DOE notes
that the term integral is also applicable to the definitions for
integral cartridge-filter and integral sand-filter pool pumps (see
section III.A.3.c).
DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions for ``storable
electric spa pump,'' ``rigid electric spa pump,'' and ``integral.''
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based on Pump Configuration
In addition to specific definitions, the DPPP Working Group also
discussed and provided recommendations pertinent to the scope of
applicability of the DPPP test procedure. Ultimately, the DPPP Working
Group recommended that the scope of the ECS analysis and applicable
test procedure be limited to specific varieties of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendations
#1, #2A, and #2B at pp. 1-2; Recommendation #6 at p. 5) Specifically,
the DPPP Working Group recommended that the scope of analysis for
standards consider only the following DPPP varieties and only
recommended test methods for these varieties:
self-priming pool filter pumps,
non-self-priming pool filter pumps,
waterfall pumps, and
pressure cleaner booster pumps.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #2 at p.
2 and 6 at p. 5)
Although the DPPP Working Group recommended defining integral
cartridge-filter pool pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, storable
electric spa pumps, and rigid electric spa pumps as dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, it did not recommend that these DPPP varieties be
considered in the ongoing ECS analysis or have test methods established
in the DPPP test procedure. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendations #1, #2A, and #2B at pp. 1-2; Recommendation #6 at p. 5)
For integral cartridge-filter and sand-filter pumps, as discussed
previously, the DPPP Working Group recommended to consider only a
prescriptive standard, which requires that timers be distributed in
commerce with the pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #2B at pp. 1-2) With a prescriptive standard, the
performance-related metric (i.e., WEF) and test procedure are not
applicable.
Regarding storable electric spa pumps and rigid electric spa pumps,
the DPPP Working Group did not recommend including these varieties of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps in the scope of analysis for potential
standards and did not recommend establishing a test procedure for them.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendations #2A at pp. 1-
2 and #6 at p. 5) The DPPP Working Group excluded storable and rigid
electric spa pumps from the recommended DPPP test procedure and
standards analysis because the DPPP Working Group believed that it
would be more appropriate to test and apply standards to storable and
rigid electric spas (i.e., portable electric spas) as an entire
appliance, as is currently done under California Title 20 (Cal. Code
Regs., tit. 20 section 1604, subd. (g)(2) and section 1605.3, subd.
(g)(6)) and the ANSI/APSP Standard 14-2014 (ANSI/APSP 14-2014),
``Portable Electric Spa Energy Efficiency.'' Similarly, in response to
the May 2015 DPPP RFI, APSP commented that portable spa pumps do not
use a significant amount of energy in a portable electric spa and
should not be separately regulated as they are components used in a
regulated appliance. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, APSP, No. 10 at
pp. 8-10)
Although not included in the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, the DPPP Working Group discussed how the load points
specified for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps were
only applicable for pumps with a rated hydraulic horsepower less than
2.5 hp, where rated hydraulic horsepower refers to the hydraulic
horsepower measured at the maximum operating speed and full impeller
diameter of the rated pump, as discussed in section III.E.1. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 57 at pp. 280-291 and No. 50 at p. 56-
62) In a meeting following the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, on April 19, 2016, the DPPP Working Group discussed
and ultimately recommended that DOE not develop a test procedure or
standards for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with
a rated hydraulic horsepower greater than or equal to 2.5 hp. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 79 at pp. 33-54) The DPPP Working Group
discussed how the typical applications and field use of very large pool
filter pumps differed significantly from pool filter pumps with
hydraulic horsepower less than 2.5 hp. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, CA IOUs, No. 53 at pp. 169-171; CA IOUs, No. 54 at pp. 18-19;
Waterway, No. 54 at pp. 21-22; Zodiac, No. 54 at p. 23) Specifically,
unlike pool filter pumps with hydraulic horsepower less than 2.5 hp,
which are typically installed in residential applications (section
III.C.1), very large pool filter pumps are more commonly installed in
commercial applications. In commercial pools, the head and flow
characteristics of pool systems are significantly different from
residential applications. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs
No. 53 at pp. 197-198) Therefore, the DPPP Working Group determined
that any test procedure for very large pool filter pumps would require
unique load points.
In addition, the DPPP Working Group noted the lack of performance
data for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with a
rated hydraulic horsepower greater than or equal to 2.5 hp, which
precluded the DPPP Working Group from establishing baseline and maximum
technologically feasible (``max-tech'') efficiency levels. Without
baseline and max-tech, the DPPP Working Group was unable to establish
intermediary levels, and ultimately, was not able to effectively
characterize the cost-versus-efficiency relationship for very large
pool filter pumps. As a result, the DPPP Working Group recommended that
DOE not develop standards for very large pool filter pumps as part of
the current negotiated rulemaking and did not to recommend a test
procedure for these pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 79 at
pp. 33-54;) Therefore, consistent with the December 2015 DPPP Working
Group recommendations, DOE proposes to not specify a test procedure for
very large pool filter pumps with a rated hydraulic horsepower greater
than or equal to 2.5 hp as part of this rulemaking. If DOE decides to
pursue a test procedure and standards for very large pool filter pumps,
DOE could do so as part of a future rulemaking. Accordingly, all future
references to pool filter pumps, self-priming pool filter pumps, and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps refer to pumps with a rated
hydraulic horsepower less than 2.5 hp.
In accordance with the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, DOE proposes that the test procedure would only be
applicable to those DPPP varieties for
[[Page 64594]]
which DOE is considering establishing performance-based energy
conservation standards: Self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-
priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and pressure cleaner
booster pumps. However, DOE notes that applicability of the DPPP test
procedure and standards may differ slightly with respect to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps that are supplied by single-phase versus three-phase
power. Specifically, the Working Group recommended that the scope of
standards for self-priming pool filter pumps only apply to self-priming
pool filter pumps served by single-phase power, while the recommended
test procedure and reporting requirements would still be applicable to
all self-priming pool filter pumps--both those served by single-phase
power and those served by three-phase power. The DPPP Working Group
also clarified that, regardless of whether the pump is supplied by
single- or three-phase power, the recommended rated hydraulic
horsepower limitation of 2.5 hp would still apply to both single- and
three-phase self-priming pool filter pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, No. 82 Recommendations #3 at p. 2) Therefore, consistent with
the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, DOE proposes that the
proposals contained in this NOPR regarding the test procedure, sampling
requirements, labeling, and related provisions for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps apply to all self-priming pool filter pumps and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower, as
well as waterfall pumps and pressure cleaner booster pumps, regardless
of the phase of the supplied power with which they are intended to be
used. DOE accordingly will limit the scope of any potential energy
conservation standards for such equipment in a related energy
conservation standard rulemaking.
Further, consistent with the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, DOE proposes definitions for rigid-electric and
storable-electric spa pumps as a variety of dedicated-purpose pool pump
in this test procedure NOPR, but is not prescribing test procedures or
reporting requirements for them. In response to HI's comment regarding
the applicability of the ESCC definition to spa pumps, DOE notes that
any pumps meeting the definition of dedicated-purpose pool pumps are
excluded from the ESCC definition (see section III.A.1), including
rigid-electric or storable-electric spa pumps, as well as self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps that may be installed in spas.
However, DOE notes that self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter
pumps that may be installed in spas, but are not storable or rigid
electric spa pumps, would still be subject to the test procedure as
self-priming or non-self-priming pool filter pumps, respectively,
regardless of the application.
In addition, upon further review of the DPPP market and any
potentially similar pumps, DOE determined that some end suction,
submersible pond pumps may meet the definition of self-priming or non-
self-priming pool filter pump, but were not reviewed by the DPPP
Working Group and were not intended by the DPPP Working Group to be in
the scope of this rulemaking. In order to exclude these pumps from this
regulation, DOE proposes to exclude submersible pumps from the scope of
the DPPP test procedure. To accomplish this, DOE proposes to define a
``submersible pump'' as ``a pump that is designed to be operated with
the motor and bare pump fully submerged in the pumped liquid.''
The specific test methods proposed for each of the applicable DPPP
varieties is discussed in more detail in section III.C.
DOE requests comment on the proposed scope of applicability of the
DPPP test procedure.
7. Definitions Related to Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Speed
Configurations and Controls
In addition to definitions of dedicated-purpose pool pump and the
specific DPPP varieties, DOE also proposes to establish definitions to
further differentiate certain varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps
based on the speed configuration of the motor and/or the presence of
controls on the DPPP model as distributed in commerce. The following
subsections discuss definitions for the various DPPP speed
configurations and the applicability of control definitions to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Currently, dedicated-purpose pool pumps are distributed in commerce
with a variety of motor speed configurations (e.g., single-speed, two-
speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed). The DPPP Working Group
recommended that DOE establish different test points for each speed
configuration in the DPPP test procedure, in order to best represent
the different energy use patterns exhibited by each configuration (see
section III.C). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51
Recommendations #6, 7 at p. 5) Therefore, DOE proposes specific
definitions to establish the appropriate test method and load points
for applicable dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
In the second round of DPPP Working Group meetings, the DPPP
Working Group discussed and ultimately recommended definitions for the
following speed configurations for dedicated-purpose pool pumps:
Single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #5A at p. 3) These
definitions would enable each speed configuration to be identified and
tested using the most appropriate test method based on (1) the number
of operating speeds available on the pump; (2) the minimum operating
speed, or turn-down ratio,\23\ on the pump; (3) the pump's ability to
connect to a pool pump control; and/or (4) the characteristics of that
pool pump control. The DPPP Working Group recommended the following
definitions:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ The turn-down ratio for multi-speed pumps, including two-
speed pumps, describes the ability of the pump to decrease speed
relative to the maximum operating speed and is calculated as the
maximum operating speed over the minimum operating speed of the
pump.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a
dedicated-purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at only one
speed.
Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-
purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at only two different,
pre-determined operating speeds, where the low operating speed is less
than or equal to half of the maximum operating speed and greater than
zero, and must be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump
control (i.e., variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that
sets the speed in response to user preferences or (2) without a pool
pump control that has such capability but is unable to operate without
the presence of such a pool pump control.
Multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-
purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at more than two
discrete pre-determined operating speeds separated by speed increments
greater than 100 rpm, where the lowest speed is less than or equal to
half of the maximum operating speed and greater than zero, and must be
distributed in commerce with an on-board pool pump control (i.e.,
variable speed drive and user interface or programmable switch) that
changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and
allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off
times.
[[Page 64595]]
Variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a
dedicated-purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at a variety
of user-determined speeds, where all the speeds are separated by at
most 100 rpm increments over the operating range and the lowest
operating speed is less than or equal to one-third of the maximum
operating speed and greater than zero. Such a pump must include a
variable speed drive (i.e., equipment capable of varying the speed of
the motor) and be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a user
interface that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user
preferences and allows the user to select the duration of each speed
and/or the on/off times or (2) without a user interface but is unable
to operate without the presence of a user interface.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #5A at p. 3)
In addition to the number of speeds available on any given pump,
the DPPP Working Group's recommended definitions contain minimum
operating speeds for two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Specifically, the DPPP Working Group
recommended a minimum speed less than or equal to half of the maximum
operating speed for two-speed and multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps and a minimum operating speed less than or equal to one-third of
the maximum operating speed for variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.\24\ This is generally consistent with ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-
2013,\25\ CA Tile 20,\26\ and ENERGY STAR,\27\ which require that, in
order to be considered two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed
equipment, dedicated-purpose pool pumps must have the capability of
operating at two or more speeds with the low speed having a rotation
rate that is no more than one-half of the motor's maximum rotation
rate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ DOE notes that the requirement for variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps would be applicable to the dedicated-
purpose pool pump, when equipped with an applicable pool pump
control, as the minimum operating speed will typically be dictated
by the control. That is, the pump must inherently be capable of
being turned down to such a speed, provided a control that is also
capable of being turned down to a speed of less than or equal to
one-third of the maximum speed.
\25\ Section 4.1.1.2.
\26\ Cal. Code Regs., tit. 20 section 1605.3, subd. (g)(5).
\27\ ENERGY STAR Pool Pumps--Program Requirements Version 1.1.
Available at https://www.energystar.gov/products/spec/pool_pumps_specification_version_1_0_pd.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Further, the DPPP Working Group also recommends that in order to be
considered a variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump, such a pump
must be capable of operating in speed increments of at most 100 rpm,
when installed with an applicable pool pump control. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #5A at p. 3) Conversely, if
such a pump is only able to operate with speed increments greater than
100 rpm, then that pump would be considered a multi-speed pump
(assuming it meets all other previously discussed requirements). The
minimum operating speed and spacing requirements in two-speed, multi-
speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps ensure that the
test procedure for these speed configurations results in representative
energy performance. That is, unless the low operating speed is
consistent with or below the specified minimum operating speed, and the
speed increment requirements are met, the DPPP Working Group did not
believe that the load points and weights specified for variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps (presented in section III.C.1) would be
representative. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 95 at pp. 129-
146)
Finally, the definitions recommended by the DPPP Working Group
contain requirements regarding the presence and operating
characteristics of a pool pump control. In the field, two-speed, multi-
speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps require controls
to enable operation at all available speeds. In their discussions, the
DPPP Working Group acknowledged that most two-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pumps are currently distributed in commerce without controls, as
such pumps are typically intended to be paired with new or existing
two-speed controls. Similarly, the DPPP Working Group acknowledged that
variable-speed and some multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps are
currently distributed in commerce without a user interface (a type of
control), as such pumps are typically intended to be paired with new or
existing pool automation systems in the field. (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 95 at pp. 40-62, 76-79, 82-111; 129-147).
Certain members of the DPPP Working Group voiced concern that if
two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps
were distributed in commerce without any form of control or user
interface, there would be a significant risk that such pumps would not
be paired with an applicable pool pump control in the field and would
not achieve the performance and potential energy savings represented by
the WEF metric. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 91 at pp. 141-
183) Therefore, to have reasonable assurance that the test points and
resultant WEF metric for the various DPPP speed configurations would be
representative of actual performance of the equipment in the field, the
DPPP Working Group developed the recommended definitions to ensure that
only those dedicated-purpose pool pumps that either: (1) Are
distributed in commerce with a pool pump control or user interface (as
applicable) or, (2) for two-speed and variable-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, requires the installation of such controls or user
interface (as applicable) in order to operate would be able to be
treated as two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated purpose
pool pumps.
The DPPP Working Group developed the later requirement (that two-
speed and variable-speed dedicated purpose pool pumps cannot operate
without being installed with a pool pump control or user interface, as
applicable) to accommodate those cases where a dedicated-purpose pool
pump was intended to be installed into a residence with an existing
pool pump control or user interface (as applicable) that met the stated
requirements or may be paired with an applicable pool pump control or
user interface in the field. In such cases, the dedicated-purpose pool
pump would be allowed to be sold without the presence of a pool pump
control or user interface (as applicable) so as not to burden the end-
consumer with a duplicative pool pump control or user interface.
However, to ensure that two-speed and variable-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pumps would in all cases be installed and operated with an
applicable pool pump control or user interface that enables the
expected energy performance, the definitions require that these pumps
be unable to operate without being connected to an applicable pool pump
control or user interface in the field. Specifically, the Working Group
recommended that the two-speed DPPP definition require such a pump to
be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump control that
has certain capabilities or (2) without a pool pump control that has
those capabilities but is unable to operate without the presence of
such a pool pump control. Similarly, the Working Group recommended that
the variable-speed DPPP definition require such a pump to include a
variable speed drive and be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a
pool pump user interface with certain capabilities or (2) without a
user interface but is unable to operate without the presence of a user
[[Page 64596]]
interface. Conversely, the DPPP Working Group did not believe that this
accommodation was necessary for multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps and, as a result, multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps are
required to be distributed in commerce with an on-board control. DOE
notes that, based on the proposed definition, multi-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pumps would be required to have an on-board control when
distributed in commerce, which includes when the pump is imported into
the United States.
While the DPPP Working Group's recommended definitions for two-
speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps all
reference the presence and operating characteristics of pool pump
controls, the applicable types of controls vary among the definitions.
In the definition of variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump, the
definition refers to the terms ``variable speed drive'' and ``user
interface,'' where the terms ``variable speed drive'' and ``user
interface'' refer to a specific variety of pool pump control.
Conversely, in the case of two-speed and multi-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, the recommended definitions allow for an additional variety
of pool pump controls, namely switches, which are applicable to such
equipment.
In addition, the definitions of multi-speed and variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump require the applicable pool pump control to
be programmable such that users may select the duration of each speed
and/or the on/off times and the pump will automatically operate
according to that schedule without manual intervention. Both of these
definitions are meant to capture pool pump controls and user interfaces
that allow the user to schedule the periods of time the pool pump is
operating at any given speed, as well as when the pump turns on and
turns off. Pool pump controls and user interfaces that, for example,
merely enable the user to set a duration of operation at high speed and
then default to low speed operation, but do not allow the user to pre-
determine when the pump would turn on and off would not meet the
definition of multi-speed or variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pump. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 92 at pp. 222-231)
Conversely, for two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps, the DPPP
Working Group recommended that the definition include the requirement
that the pool pump control be capable of changing the speed in response
to user preferences, but did not recommend that such controls must
operate on a pre-programmed schedule. As such, the functionality
required for two-speed pool pump controls may be accomplished by an
automated, pre-programmed, timer-based control and user interface or a
simple manual switch that would require the user to physically switch
between the low and high operating speeds. The DPPP Working Group
accommodated more simplistic controls for two-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pumps based on the fact that most two-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps available in the market today are not currently sold with any
integrated control. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 92 at pp.
215-222)
The pool pump control varieties, pool pump control operating
characteristics, and requirements regarding the inclusion of pool pump
controls applicable to each DPPP speed configuration are summarized in
Table III.2.
Table III.2--Summary of Applicable Pool Pump Control Varieties and Related Requirements for Each DPPP Speed
Configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inclusion of pool pump
DPPP Speed configuration definition Applicable pool pump Pool pump control must controls as distributed
control varieties be pre-programmable in commerce
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Two-Speed............................ Variable speed No..................... Included or DPPP model
drive and user cannot operate without
interface or being installed with
Switch........ such controls.
Multi-Speed.......................... Variable speed Yes.................... Included and on-board.
drive and user
interface or
Switch........
Variable-Speed....................... Variable speed Yes.................... Included or DPPP model
drive and user cannot operate without
interface. being installed with
such controls.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
However, to ensure that the more accommodating requirements for
pool pump controls in the two-speed DPPP definition would not result in
an inadvertent loophole and/or bias in the market for DPPP varieties
where two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps may be the least efficient
option, the DPPP Working Group recommended additional provisions for
larger two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps. Specifically, in order
to use the two-speed DPPP test procedure (described in section
III.C.1.b), the DPPP Working Group recommended that self-priming pool
filter pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic
horsepower and less than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower and that are
two-speed must also be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool
pump control (variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that
changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and
allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off
times or (2) without a pool pump control with such capability but is
unable to operate without the presence of such a pool pump control.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #5B at p. 3).
This is discussed in more detail in section III.C.1.e.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to adopt the definitions for single-
speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pump as proposed by the DPPP Working Group, with a few minor
modifications. DOE notes that the definition of variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump recommended by the DPPP Working Group
clarifies the meaning of the term variable speed drive as describing
``equipment capable of varying the speed of the motor,'' while the
definitions of two-speed and multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump
also reference this term but do not contain such a clarification.
Therefore, to clarify the meaning of variable speed drive and ensure
that such clarification is applicable to all DPPP speed configurations,
DOE proposes to establish a definition for variable speed drive, for
the purposes of applying the DPPP test procedure, as equipment capable
of varying the speed of the motor that removes the clarifying
[[Page 64597]]
parenthetical (``equipment capable of varying the speed of the
motor''). DOE believes the terms ``user interface'' and ``switch'' are
unambiguous and well-understood in the industry and, therefore, do not
require explicit definitions.
DOE requests comments on these proposed definitions for single-
speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pump.
DOE also requests comment on any additional criteria or specificity
that might be required in the definitions to effectively differentiate
the various speed configurations for different DPPP varieties.
For dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with
applicable pool pump controls, the DPPP Working Group considered
additional requirements if the controls also include ``freeze
protection controls.'' Freeze protection controls are controls that, at
a certain ambient temperature, turn on the dedicated-purpose pool pump
to circulate water for a period of time to prevent the pool and water
in plumbing from freezing. As the control schemes for freeze protection
vary widely between manufacturers, the resultant energy consumption
associated with such control can also vary depending on control
settings and climate. To ensure freeze protection controls on
dedicated-purpose pool pumps only operated when necessary and did not
result in unnecessary, wasted energy use, the DPPP Working Group
discussed and ultimately recommended establishing prescriptive
requirements for dedicated-purpose pool pumps that are distributed in
commerce with freeze protection controls. Specifically, the DPPP
Working Group recommended that all dedicated-purpose pool pumps
distributed in commerce with freeze protection controls be shipped
either:
(1) With freeze protection disabled or
(2) with the following default, user-adjustable settings:
a. The default dry-bulb air temperature setting is no greater than
40 [deg]F; and
b. The default run time setting shall be no greater than 1 hour
(before the temperature is rechecked); and
c. The default motor speed shall not be more than \1/2\ of the
maximum available speed.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6A at p. 4).
In order to identify dedicated-purpose pool pumps with freeze
protection controls for which the recommended prescriptive requirements
would be applicable, DOE proposes to define ``freeze protection
controls'' as ``pool pump controls that, at a certain ambient
temperature, turn on the dedicated-purpose pool pump to circulate water
for a period of time to prevent the pool and water in plumbing from
freezing.''
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for freeze
protection controls.
8. Basic Model
In the course of regulating consumer products and commercial and
industrial equipment, DOE has developed the concept of a ``basic
model'' to determine the specific product or equipment configuration(s)
to which the regulations would apply. For the purposes of applying the
proposed DPPP regulations, DOE also proposes to define what constitutes
a ``basic model'' of a dedicated-purpose pool pump. Applying this basic
model concept would allow manufacturers to group similar models within
a basic model to minimize testing burden, while ensuring that key
variables that differentiate DPPP energy performance and/or utility are
maintained as separate basic models. In other words, manufacturers
would need to test only a representative number of units of a basic
model in lieu of testing every model they manufacture. However,
manufacturers may only group individual models of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps that are reasonably similar; that is, only dedicated-purpose
pool pumps from the same equipment class may be grouped together. In
addition, the represented performance for all models within a basic
model must be based on the tested performance of the least efficient
model.
In the January 2015 general pumps TP final rule, DOE adopted a
definition for a ``basic model'' of pump that provided additional
specifications regarding the characteristics that differentiate basic
models, including variation in number of stages for multistage pumps,
variation in impeller trim, and variation in motor horsepower resulting
from differences in number of stages or impeller trim. 81 FR 4086,
4092-94 (Jan. 25, 2016).
DOE proposes to amend the definition of ``basic model'' for pumps
established in the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule to also
accommodate dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE notes that many of the
specific accommodations in the basic model definition regarding number
of stages for multistage pumps and trimmed impellers are applicable
only to those general pumps that were the subject of the January 2016
general pumps TP final rule. 81 FR 4086 (Jan. 25, 2016). DOE
understands that dedicated-purpose pool pumps are exclusively single-
stage pumps and, therefore, the provision regarding variation in number
of stages is not applicable. Furthermore, DOE understands that each
DPPP model is offered with only one impeller diameter, unlike general
pumps for which a given pump model may be sold with many different
impeller diameters that are customized for each application. Therefore,
DOE believes that the provision for grouping individual pumps that vary
only in impeller diameter, or impeller trim, is also not applicable to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps; any variation in impeller trim would
constitute a separate basic model for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Finally, as neither the multistage nor impeller trim specifications for
basic model designation apply to dedicated-purpose pool pumps, the
provision regarding variation in motor horsepower resulting from
variation in either of those characteristics also does not apply to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Therefore, DOE proposes to adopt only the general provisions of the
current pump basic model definition that are applicable to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, which includes all units of a given product or
equipment type (or class thereof) manufactured by one manufacturer,
having the same primary energy source, and having essentially identical
electrical, physical, and functional (or hydraulic) characteristics
that affect energy consumption, energy efficiency, water consumption,
or water efficiency. In addition, DOE proposes to clarify that the
specific provisions regarding number of stages, impeller trim, and
variation in motor horsepower as a result of those characteristics
adopted in the pumps basic model definition are only applicable to the
general pumps addressed by the January 2015 general pumps TP and ECS
final rule, for which standards are specified in 10 CFR 431.465(b). 81
FR 4086 (Jan. 25, 2016) and 81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26, 2016).
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``basic model.''
In addition, DOE requests comment on any characteristics unique to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps that may necessitate modifications to the
proposed definition of ``basic model.''
B. Rating Metric
One of the first and most important issues DOE must consider in
designing a test procedure is the selection of the regulatory metric.
In selecting an appropriate metric for dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
the DPPP Working Group reviewed applicable metrics
[[Page 64598]]
currently employed by existing regulatory and voluntary programs for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps in the United States and internationally.
Ultimately, the DPPP Working Group recommended using a new metric, the
WEF, as the regulatory metric for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #5 at p. 4) A review
of the existing regulatory programs are discussed in more detail in
section III.B.1 and the proposed WEF metric is presented in section
III.B.2.
1. Review of Current DPPP Regulatory and Voluntary Programs
In considering a metric for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, the DPPP
Working Group conducted research to identify what, if any, DPPP-related
regulatory and voluntary programs currently exist. DOE identified one
regulatory program, first adopted by the California Energy Commission
(CEC) and subsequently implemented in a number of other States,\28\ and
three domestic voluntary pool pump programs by APSP, the Consortium for
Energy Efficiency (CEE), and ENERGY STAR that are relevant to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE also identified international pool
pump programs established in Australia and New Zealand, as well as
DOE's own January 2016 general pumps TP final rule. 81 FR 4086 (Jan.
25, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ See, e.g. Ariz. Rev. Stat. section 44-1375 (2015); Conn.
Agencies Regs. section 16a-48.4 (2015); Fla. Stat. Ann. section
533.909 (2015); and Wash. Rev. Code Ann. section 19.260.040 (2015).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The majority of existing regulatory and voluntary programs in the
United States for dedicated-purpose pool pumps focus on energy factor
(EF) as the key metric for describing performance. Some programs also
establish prescriptive requirements related to the construction of DPPP
motors. Specifically, Article 4 of Chapter 4 of Title 20 of the
California Code of Regulations, ``Appliance Efficiency Regulations,''
(CA Title 20); \29\ ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013; \30\ the CEE Residential
Swimming Pool Initiative; \31\ and ENERGY STAR \32\ all require testing
and reporting of EF and other pump performance parameters at a variety
of load points, specified in terms of up to three systems curves
(curves A, B, and C) and up to four speeds (minimum, maximum, half, and
most efficient speed). In addition to EF, three of these programs
(i.e., CA Title 20, ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, and ENERGY STAR) require
reporting of nominal motor speed, flow, and input power at the
specified load points based on testing in accordance with ANSI/HI 1.6-
2000.\33\ The three unique system curves (curve A, curve B, and curve
C) are described by equations in terms of head and flow, as shown in
Table III.3, and were developed to be representative of 2.0-inch, 1.5-
inch, and 2.5-inch diameter plumbing, respectively.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ California Energy Commission (CEC). Chapter 4: Energy
Conservation, Article 4: Appliance Efficiency Regulations. In
California Code of Regulations Title 20. Public Utilities and
Energy. Sec. 1601 1608. March 28, 2014. CEC-140-2014-002.
www.energy.ca.gov/2014publications/CEC-140-2014-002/CEC-140-2014-002.pdf . A 2015 update to the CEC Title 20 Appliance Efficiency
Regulations was released in July 2015. CEC-400-2015-021. http://www.energy.ca.gov/2015publications/CEC-400-2015-021/CEC-400-2015-021.pdf.
\30\ Section 4.1.2 of ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013.
\31\ Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE). CEE High Efficiency
Residential Swimming Pool Initiative. December 2012. http://library.cee1.org/sites/default/files/library/9986/cee_res_swimmingpoolinitiative_07dec2012_pdf_10557.pdf.
\32\ ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product Specifications for
Pool Pumps, Final Test Method. Rev. Jan-2013. https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
\33\ DOE notes that CA Title 20 actually requires that
measurements of pump efficiency be conducted in accordance with
ANSI/HI 1.6-2000, but does not explicitly extend this requirement to
measured speed, flow, and input power, which are the variables
necessary to calculate EF. Cal. Code Regs. section1604, subd. (g).
\34\ PG&E developed curves A, B, and C based data from an
exercise by ADM Associates, Inc. in 2002, EVALUATION OF YEAR 2001
SUMMER INITIATIVES POOL PUMP PROGRAM and contractor input. However,
the actual data for the curves are not contained in the ADM report
(the ADM report can be found at www.calmac.org/publications/SI_Pool_Pump.pdf; Last accessed April 4, 2016). Curves A and B are
first formally mentioned in a subsequent report by PG&E in Codes and
Standards Enhancement Initiative for FY 2004. However, this report
does not discuss the derivation of the curves. (http://consensus.fsu.edu/FBC/Pool-Efficiency/CASE_Pool_Pump.pdf; Last
accessed April 29, 2016). In addition, section 4.1.2.1.3 of ANSI/
APSP/ICC-15a-2013 describes curves A, B, and C as ``approximately''
representative of 2.0-inch, 1.5-inch, and 2.5-inch pipe,
respectively.
Table III.3--Pump System Curve Formulas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Curve Formula
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A................................ Head (feet) = 0.0167 x Flow 2 (gpm)
B................................ Head (feet) = 0.050 x Flow 2 (gpm)
C................................ Head (feet) = 0.0082 x Flow 2 (gpm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The majority of programs reference and require reporting on each of
curves A, B, and C; however, programs differ in the number of operating
speeds that are required to be tested. For example, CA Title 20
requires manufacturers to report all applicable quantities \35\ on each
curve at maximum speed only for single-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps and at both maximum and minimum speeds for two-speed, multi-
speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Cal. Code Regs.
section1604, subd. (g). Conversely, ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013 requires
testing at maximum speed for single-speed pumps; all available speeds
for multi-speed pumps (including two-speed pumps); and maximum,
minimum, half, and most efficient speed for variable-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pumps.\36\ The load points specified by each program are
summarized in Table III.4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\35\ CA Title 20 requires reporting of motor nominal speed
(rpm), flow (gpm), power (W and volt amps (VA)), EF (gal/Wh). Cal.
Code Regs. section 1606, subd. (a).
\36\ Sections 4.1.2.1.4-4.1.2.1.6 of ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013.
Table III.4--Summary of Load Points Required by CA Title 20, ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, ENERGY STAR, and CEE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-
Pump speed(s) CA title 20 2013 ENERGY STAR CEE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-speed............. Max Speed on Curves Max Speed on Curves Max Speed on Curves N/A.*
A, B, & C. A, B, & C. A, B, & C.
Two-speed................ Max and Min Speed on Max and Half Speed Max and Half Speed Max and Half Speed
Curves A, B, & C. on Curves A, B, & C. on Curves A, B, & C. on Curve A.
Multi-speed.............. Max and Min Speed on All Available Speed All Available Speed Max and Half Speed
Curves A, B, & C. on Curves A, B, & C. on Curves A, B, & C. on Curve A.
[[Page 64599]]
Variable-speed........... Max and Min Speed on Max, Min, Half, and Max, Min, and Most Max, Half, and Most
Curves A, B, & C. Most Efficient Efficient Speed on Efficient Speed on
Speed on Curves A, Curves A, B, & C. Curve A.
B, & C.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* CEE requires applicable pool pumps to meet an EF requirement at both a high and low speed and, therefore,
single-speed pool pumps are not eligible for CEE qualification.
In addition to requiring measurement and reporting of DPPP
performance characteristics, CA Title 20,\37\ APSP/ANSI/ICC-15a-
2013,\38\ ENERGY STAR,\39\ and CEE \40\ contain prescriptive
requirements regarding the design and characteristics of the DPPP motor
and controls. Specifically, CA Title 20, ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, and
ENERGY STAR all require that DPPP motors must:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\37\ Cal. Code Regs. section 1605.3, subd. (g) and section 1604,
subd. (g).
\38\ Sections 4.1.1, ``Motors,'' and 4.2, ``Pump controllers''
of ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013.
\39\ ENERGY STAR Pool Pumps--Program Requirements Version 1.1.
Available at https://www.energystar.gov/products/spec/pool_pumps_specification_version_1_0_pd.
\40\ Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE). High Efficiency
Residential Swimming Pool Initiative: Pool Pump Control
Specification. January 1, 2013. http://library.cee1.org/sites/default/files/library/9988/cee_residential_pool_pump_control_specification_29414.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Have the capability of operating at two or more speeds, where
the ``low'' speed has a rotation rate that is no more than one-half of
the motor's maximum rotation rate, if the motor is 1 hp or greater;
(2) be operated with an applicable multi-speed pump control with a
default circulation speed no more than one-half of the motor's maximum
rotation rate and whose high speed override capability, if available,
does not extend for a period exceeding 24 hours; and
(3) have their efficiency reported, as measured in accordance with
the test method of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (IEEE) 114-2001.
CA Title 20 also requires that DPPP motors not be split-phase or
capacitor start-induction run-type motors. Cal. Code Regs. section
1605.3, subd. (g) and section 1604, subd. (g).
In addition to the testing and prescriptive design requirements,
ENERGY STAR \41\ and CEE \42\ also specify performance requirements
based on EF at specified speed points on curve A only.\43\ The ENERGY
STAR and CEE requirements are specified in Table III.5 and Table III.6,
respectively. CA Title 20 \44\ and APSP/ANSI/ICC-15a-2013 do not
currently have any minimum energy performance requirements (i.e., these
programs do not specify a minimum EF requirement).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\41\ ENERGY STAR Pool Pumps--Program Requirements Version 1.1.
Available at https://www.energystar.gov/products/spec/pool_pumps_specification_version_1_0_pd.
\42\ Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE). High Efficiency
Residential Swimming Pool Initiative: Pool Pump Specification.
January 1, 2013. Available at: http://library.cee1.org/sites/default/files/library/9987/cee_residential_pool_pump_specification_90947.pdf.
\43\ DOE notes that, as acknowledged by Pentair during the DPPP
Working Group meetings, while curve A is referenced in the CEE High
Efficiency Residential Swimming Pool Initiative (see http://library.cee1.org/sites/default/files/library/9986/cee_res_swimmingpoolinitiative_07dec2012_pdf_10557.pdf), an error
may have been made in establishing the CEE performance levels and
that CEE is aware that some data were generated using curve C, where
curve A was intended, resulting in the error. (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, Pentair, No. 38, p. 135)
\44\ Cal. Code Regs. section 1605.3, subd. (g) and section 1604,
subd. (g).
Table III.5--Table ENERGY STAR Pool Pump Energy Factor Criteria at Pool
Pump Performance Curve A *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy efficiency
Pump sub-variety Speed setting level gal/Wh
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-Speed Pump............. Single-Speed..... EF >=3.80
Multi-Speed, Variable-Speed Most Efficient EF >=3.80
and Variable-Flow Pump. Speed.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Although the ENERGY STAR test method requires the testing and
reporting of EF and other DPPP performance metrics at curves A, B, and
C at various speed points, the ENERGY STAR specification is only
applied on curve A at a single speed point.
Table III.6--CEE Tier 1 and 2 EF Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High speed
Efficiency level Lower speed * EF gal/Wh Low speed ** [dagger] EF
EF gal/Wh gal/Wh
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEE Tier 1.................................... No Requirement.................. >=3.8 >=1.6
CEE Tier 2.................................... >=12.0.......................... >=5.5 >=1.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Where ``lower speed'' is the optimal or most efficient speed for the pool pump, likely ranging from 600 to
1,200 RPM.
** Where ``low speed'' is either the minimum speed for two-speed pumps or half the maximum speed for variable-
speed pumps, typically 1,725 RPM.
[dagger] Where ``high speed'' is the maximum operating speed of the pump, usually 3,450 RPM.
[[Page 64600]]
Internationally, the Australia state and territory governments and
the New Zealand government operate the Energy Rating Labeling Program
that relies on Australian Standard (AS) 5102-2009, ``Performance of
household electrical appliances--Swimming pool pump--units, Parts 1 and
2'' (AS 5102-2009) as the basis for the efficiency levels and testing
requirements for residential pool pumps. The minimum energy performance
standard in part 2 of AS 5102-2009 is stated in terms of a minimum EF
at a single load point on a new, curve D, shown in Table III.7. The
current MEPS is 8 liters/watt-hour (2.09 gal/Wh).
Table III.7--Curve D Definition
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Metric equivalent Imperial unit equivalent *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
H (m) = 0.00018 Flow (L/min).** H (ft) = 0.0084 x Flow
(gpm).**
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 1 liter/minute = gallons/minute.
** 1 meter (pressure) = feet (pressure).
Finally, DOE notes that in January 2016, DOE published the January
2016 general pumps TP final rule in which DOE established definitions,
sampling plans, and a test procedure applicable to pumps. 81 FR 4086
(Jan. 25, 2016). DOE established a new metric, the pump energy index
(PEI), to rate the energy performance of pumps subject to that test
procedure. 81 FR 4086, 4104-4109 (Jan. 25, 2016). That test procedure
contains methods for determining pump energy index for continuous loads
(PEICL) for pumps sold without continuous or non-continuous
controls, and the pump energy index for variable loads
(PEIVL) for pumps sold with either continuous or non-
continuous controls. Both PEICL and PEIVL
describe the weighted average performance of the rated pump at specific
load points, normalized with respect to the performance of a minimally
compliant pump without controls. Id. Both PEICL and
PEIVL can be generally evaluated as the weighted average
input power to the motor or controls, if available, at specific load
points over the weighted average input power to a pump and motor that
is minimally compliant with DOE's energy conservation standards for
general pumps established in a final rule also published in January
2016 serving the same hydraulic load. 81 4086, 4104-4109 (Jan. 25,
2016) (January 2016 general pumps TP final rule) and 81 FR 4368 (Jan.
26, 2016) (January 2016 general pumps ECS final rule).
2. Proposed Metric: Weighted Energy Factor
In developing an appropriate metric for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, the DPPP Working Group reviewed the applicable metrics (i.e.,
PEI, EF, WEF) and considered the advantage and disadvantages of each.
Overall, DOE discussed with the DPPP Working Group the key objectives
of any DPPP metric, including that it (1) be objectively measurable,
(2) be representative of the energy use or energy efficiency of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, (3) provide an equitable differentiation
of performance among different DPPP models and technologies, (4) be
able to compare the energy efficiency of a given DPPP model to a
minimum standard level, and (5) provide the necessary and sufficient
information for purchasers to make informed decisions regarding DPPP
selection. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 38 at pp. 207-208)
The DPPP Working Group focused on defining a performance-based
metric that is similar to EF metric currently used to describe DPPP
performance by many existing programs, as presented in III.B.1, but
that also accounts for the potential energy savings of equipment with
multiple operating speeds. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 38 at
pp. 211-213) Specifically, the DPPP Working Group considered developing
a metric that is a weighted average of the performance of a dedicated-
purpose pool pumps at multiple speed points along a representative
system curve. Ultimately, the DPPP Working Group recommended using the
weighted energy factor (WEF), which is defined as the ratio of the flow
provided by the pump, divided by the input power to the pump, at one or
more load points, where these load points are selected depending on the
specific DPPP variety and speed configuration, as shown in equation
(1). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 38 at pp. 209-223)
The DPPP Working Group recommended weighting the measured flow and
power individually in the numerator and denominator, respectively,
instead of first calculating the EF at each load points and then
weighting the calculated EF values at each load point together. The
DPPP Working Group believed that weighting the individual flow and
input power points instead of the EF values would be more
representative of the relative energy performance of DPPP models. In
particular, the DPPP Working Group determined that calculating the
weighted average flow over the weighted average input power, as
proposed, would result in a relative improvement in energy efficiency
between single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed
equipment commensurate with that likely to be experienced in the field.
Conversely, weighting the EF values directly would exaggerate the
improvement resulting from variable speed technology. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, ASAP, No. 48 at pp. 1-2; No. 57 at pp. 25-60)
The equation for WEF is shown in the equation (1):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.001
Where:
WEF = weighted energy factor in kgal/kWh;
wi = weighting factor at each load point i;
Qi = flow at each load point i in gal/min; \45\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\45\ Pi,j and Qi,j are determined in
accordance with December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #8 at p. 6)
See section III.D for a discussion of this methodology.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pi = input power to the motor (or controls, if present)
at each load point i in W;
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety; and
n = number of load point(s), defined uniquely for each speed
configuration.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation # 5 at p.
4)
The specific load points and weights for each DPPP variety are
discussed in section III.C.
As seen in equation (1), this metric would be expressed in terms of
kilogallons per kilowatt-hour (kgal/kWh), similar to the EF metric.
Regarding the units of the WEF metric, members of the DPPP Working
Group suggested that the values of flow and power be determined in
gallons and watts, respectively, but the resultant WEF metric be
represented in terms of kgal/kWh. DOE notes that this is inconsistent
with the EF metric, which
[[Page 64601]]
represents in terms of gal/Wh, but is numerically identical because
both the numerator and denominator are scaled consistently. Pentair
stated that, because pools are often discussed in terms of thousands or
tens of thousands of gallons, the pool industry often does not
understand EF until it is explained as the ability to pump 10,000
gallons for 1 kilowatt-hour of energy. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, Pentair No. 59 at p. 132) Therefore, the DPPP Working Group
recommended dividing the numerator and denominator by 1,000, to
translate the flow, in gallons, and power, in W, to kilogallons and kW,
respectively to facilitate the calculation of WEF in kgal/kWh, which
are units that may be more readily understood by both the industry and
the market.
DOE agrees with the DPPP Working Group that the recommended WEF
metric, as shown in equation (1), provides a representative, objective,
and informative characterization of DPPP performance. As such, based on
the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, DOE proposes to adopt
the WEF metric as the performance-based metric for representing the
energy performance of certain styles of dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
DOE notes that any standards considered for any dedicated-purpose pool
pumps for which the WEF applies would use this metric as a basis for
the standard level. However, as discussed in section III.A.6, DOE notes
that the WEF metric only is applicable to the varieties of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps for which the DPPP Working Group recommends
performance standards.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt WEF as the metric to
characterize the energy use of certain dedicated-purpose pool pumps and
on the proposed equation for WEF.
C. Test Methods for Different DPPP Categories and Configurations
As discussed in section III.B.2, DOE proposes to characterize the
performance of dedicated-purpose pool pumps according to the WEF, which
is calculated as the weighted average of the flow over the weighted
average of the input power, each measured at different speeds and load
points. Due to differences in equipment design and typical use
profiles, the DPPP Working Group recommended that weights and load
points be specified uniquely for each DPPP variety and pump speed
configuration. Specifically, the DPPP Working Group recommended unique
load points for the various speed configurations (e.g., single-speed,
two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps)
of self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with a rated
hydraulic horsepower less than 2.5 hp (section III.C.1), as well as
waterfall pumps (section III.C.1.e) and pressure cleaner booster pumps
(section III.C.3), which reference only a single load point. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #6 at p. 5) The load
points and weights recommended by the DPPP Working Group in the
December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations for each DPPP variety
are summarized in Table III.8.
[[Page 64602]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.002
Subsequently, in the second round of negotiations, the DPPP Working
Group reevaluated the recommended test procedure for pressure cleaner
booster pumps. In the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the
DPPP Working Group recommended a revised load point of 10 gpm at the
minimum head the pump can provide at or above 60 ft, where the pressure
cleaner booster pump can vary speed to achieve the minimum head.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #8 at pp. 4-
5).
The load points for each DPPP variety are defined as the
intersection of the head values described by the reference system
curve,\46\ which describes the representative hydraulic characteristics
of a typical installation for the specific DPPP variety, and the
performance curve for any given dedicated-purpose pool pump at a given
operating speed. Each intersection point, or load point, is specified
in terms of head and flow. As each available operating speed on two-
speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps
represents a different performance curve, these pumps require multiple
load points to effectively characterize their performance. The load
points for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pump,
waterfall pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps are discussed in
the subsequent sections.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\46\ Note the ``reference system curve'' is a flat head value
for waterfall pumps and pressure cleaner booster pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
This section identifies the different speed configurations, load
points, and weighting factors for both self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps. As noted in section III.A.3, self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps have different construction
characteristics and potentially different applications. However, during
the Working Group meetings, the DPPP Working Group discussed how the
performance of these two different varieties of pumps are comparable in
most instances. In addition, the DPPP Working Group acknowledged that
both varieties of pool filter pumps could theoretically be installed in
either aboveground or inground pools, depending on the requirements of
the particular application. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 57
at pp. 329-331) Specifically, the CA IOUs noted that the pump curves
from several manufacturers for aboveground pool filter pumps are
similar to those for the manufacturers' respective inground pumps.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 57 at p. 329) In
addition, the DPPP Working Group discussed how the referenced system
curves A, B, and C primarily were developed based on inground pools,
and
[[Page 64603]]
that little data exists regarding the representative system curves for
aboveground pools. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, Waterway, No. 39
at p. 54; Waterway, No. 53 at pp.146-147; CA IOUs, No, 53 at p. 147)
To provide comparability between WEF ratings for self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps, the DPPP Working Group recommended
the same reference system curve for both self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps. Specifically, the DPPP Working Group
discussed how curve C, which pertains to 2.5-inch piping, is a
reasonable representation of typical existing pool installations, and
would only become more common as new pools typically are designed with
2.5-inch piping (curve C), instead of the more restrictive 1.5-inch
(curve B) plumbing design that is more common in older pools. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 59 at p. 98; Hayward, No. 59 at
pp. 106-107; Waterway, No. 53 at p. 146; DOE, No. 53 at pp. 147-148)
Accordingly, consistent with the recommendations of the DPPP Working
Group, DOE proposes that self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter
pumps be tested at specific load points specified along curve C (see
Table III.3).
DOE requests comment on its proposal to test self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps at load points specified along curve C
to determine the WEF for such pumps.
In addition to the specified system curve, the DPPP Working Group
recommended specific operating speeds or flow points that would dictate
the different load points for the different speed configurations of
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps (see Table III.8).
The specific load points for single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and
variable-speed pool filter pumps are discussed in sections III.C.1.a,
III.C.1.b, and III.C.1.c, respectively.
a. Single-speed Pool Filter Pumps
Single-speed pool filter pumps, by definition and design, are only
capable of operating at one speed. Therefore, the DPPP Working Group
recommended testing single-speed pool filter pumps at the pump's
maximum, and only, speed of rotation on curve C. That is, the load
point for single-speed pool filter pumps would be specified as the
point of intersection between the pump's performance curve at its
maximum speed and the system curve C, as shown in Figure III.2. DOE
believes the load point recommended by the DPPP Working Group is
representative of the performance of single-speed pool filter pumps and
provides an equitable comparison among equipment.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.003
DOE requests comment on its proposal to test single-speed pool
filter pumps at a single load point corresponding to the maximum speed
for that pump on curve C.
b. Two-speed Pool Filter Pumps
Two-speed pumps, by definition and design, are capable of operating
at two discrete speeds. As such, the DPPP Working Group recommended
evaluating performance at two load points, which would capture the
differing performance at the high and low speeds. The Working Group
also agreed that these two load point are representative of the typical
operation of two-speed pool filter pumps in the field. Specifically,
the DPPP Working Group discussed that two-speed pool filter pumps
perform two functions: (1) Long-term filtration at low speed and low
flow to provide an adequate ``turnover rate'' \47\ and (2) short-term
cleaning or mixing at high speed and high flow to
[[Page 64604]]
operate suction-side pool cleaners and ensure proper mixing of the
water.48 49 50 As discussed in section III.B.1, many of the
existing regulatory and voluntary programs identified in the United
States require that the low speed on two-speed pumps is at least 50
percent lower than the maximum, or high, speed of rotation. Consistent
with typical two-speed pool filter pump design and the requirements of
existing regulatory programs, the DPPP Working Group recommended
testing two-speed pool filter pumps (1) at the load point corresponding
to the pump's maximum speed of rotation on curve C and (2) at the load
point corresponding to half of the maximum-speed flow rate with total
dynamic head at or above curve C. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
No. 51, Recommendation # 6, at p. 5) Figure III.3 illustrates these
test points.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\47\ The turnover rate is described in the pool industry (and
defined in ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013) as ``the total number of times
the entire volume of water in the pool is circulated (or ``turned
over'') in a time period of 24 hours.'' For residential pools, ANSI/
APSP/ICC-15a-2013 recommends a minimum turnover time of 12 hours,
which results in a turnover rate of two. For commercial and public
pools, requirements for turnover rates and times are typically set
by local authorities.
\48\ Rainer, L. Proposal Information Template for: Residential
Pool Pump Measure Revisions. 2008. Prepared for PG&E.
www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/2008rulemaking/documents/2008-05-15_workshop/other/PGE_Updated_Proposal_Information_Template_for_Residential_Pool_Pump_Measure_Revisions.pdf.
\49\ SCE. Commercial Variable Speed Pool Pump Market
Characterization and Metering Study. February 2015. www.etcc-ca.com/sites/default/files/reports/et13sce1170_comm_vfd_pool_pumps_final.pdf.
\50\ CA IOUs. Pools & Spas Codes and Standards Enhancement
(CASE) Initiative for PY 2013: Title 20 Standards. July 29, 2013.
http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/2013rulemaking/documents/proposals/12-AAER-2F_Residential_Pool_Pumps_and_Replacement_Motors/California_IOUs_Response_to_the_Invitation_to_Submit_Proposals_for_Pool_and_Spas_2013-07-29_TN-71756.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To test applicable two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps at the
low speed point, the pump operating speed should be reduced to the low-
speed setting to achieve the specified flow rate. If the two-speed pump
has a low-speed setting that is exactly one-half of the high speed
setting, as is typical of pool filter pump design, the low-speed
setting will result in a flow rate that is exactly one-half of the flow
rate at maximum speed on curve C. In addition, the resultant head point
will be exactly on curve C, as shown on the dashed line in Figure
III.3.\51\ However, this load point is only possible for pumps with the
low-speed setting equivalent to one-half of the rotating speed of the
maximum speed setting.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\51\ The pump affinity laws describe the relationship of pump
operating speed, flow rate, head, and hydraulic power. According to
the affinity laws, speed is proportional to flow such that a
relative change in speed will result in a commensurate change in
flow. The affinity laws also establish that pump total head is
proportional to speed squared and hydraulic power is proportional to
speed cubed.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.004
For any pool filter pumps that may have a low-speed setting lower
than one-half of the maximum speed, the low-speed setting would not be
able to achieve a flow rate of one-half the flow rate at maximum speed.
Therefore, in order to achieve the specified flow point, such a pump
would be required to operate at the high-speed setting and be throttled
in order to achieve a flow rate of exactly one-half of the flow rate at
maximum speed, as shown in Figure III.4 (option 1). This would result
in a WEF that is lower (less efficient) than two-speed pumps with a
low-speed setting that is exactly one-half of the maximum operating
speed. Throttling the high-speed of a two-speed pump, rather than
utilizing the low-speed, would not capture the actual efficiency, and
thus the actual potential energy savings, of the pump when operated at
low speed.
[[Page 64605]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.005
DOE notes that an alternative option for testing a two-speed pump
would be to specify the low-speed load point as the point where that
pump performance curve intersects curve C (option 2). This would result
in a WEF that is higher (more efficient) than comparable two-speed
pumps with low-speed settings that are higher (e.g., one-half of
maximum speed or higher).
Although two-speed pumps typically are equipped with alternating
current (AC) induction motors that can operate with either 2- or 4-
poles \52\ activated, offering nominal synchronous operating speeds of
3,600 or 1,800 rpm, respectively, DOE notes that, due to motor slip,
the motor may rotate at slightly less than half of the maximum speed of
rotation. Alternatively, two-speed motors may be available with a low
speed option that is less than half of the maximum speed, for example
Waterway noted the potential for 2-/6-pole DPPP models that would be
capable of operating at either 3,600 or 1,200 rpm, respectively. (EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, Waterway, No. XX at pp. YYY) DOE does not believe
that testing such a pump at only the high-speed setting would be
representative of the performance of such pumps. Specifically, DOE
understands, based on discussions with the DPPP Working Group, that
most pumps would be sized and installed in a given pool application
based on the low-speed flow rate, to provide adequate filtration at
that speed and flow. The pump would be turned up to high speed
periodically to provide the cleaning/mixing function. (EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 58 at pp. 152--53; CA IOUs, No. 53 at p. 159--
60; CA IOUs, No. 56 at p. 31; CA IOUs, No. 57 at pp.358--59) DOE
believes this is the case for all two-speed pumps, regardless of their
relative low- and high-speed settings and, therefore, believes that it
is most representative to test all two-speed pumps at the low-speed
setting on curve C. DOE also notes that, based on the proposed
definition of a two-speed pump, a pump that operates at two speeds with
a low speed that is greater than one-half of the maximum speed is not
considered a two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump. Dedicated-purpose
pool pumps that have a second operating speed that is lower than the
maximum speed but higher than one-half of the maximum speed would be
tested as single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\52\ Poles are the number of sets of three-way electromagnetic
windings contained within a motor. A 2-pole motor has one set of
three-way windings, a 4-pole as two sets, and a 6-pole has three
sets. The speed of the motor is a function of both the operating
frequency and the number of poles in the motor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To provide consistent and comparable ratings among two-speed pool
filter pumps, DOE proposes to establish the following two test points
for two-speed pool filter pumps: (1) A high flow point at the maximum
speed at curve C and (2) a low flow point at the low-speed setting on
curve C. DOE believes that these test points are representative of
typical pool filter pump operation and energy performance.
Specifically, DOE believes that the high flow and speed load point
effectively characterizes the efficiency of the pump in a cleaning/
mixing application, and low speed and low flow load point characterizes
the efficiency of the pump in a typical filtration application. DOE
also believes that the proposed load points for two-speed pool filter
pumps are consistent with the intent of the DPPP Working Group. While
DOE acknowledges that the DPPP Working Group specifically recommended a
flow rate of one-half of the flow rate at the maximum speed of rotation
on curve C, DOE believes the DPPP Working Group was considering only
the most common two-speed pool filter pump design, with low-speed equal
to one-half the maximum speed, when specifying the load points. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation # 6, at p. 5)
[[Page 64606]]
DOE believes, based on the discussions of the DPPP Working Group, that
the Working Group intended for two-speed pumps with low-speed settings
other than one-half of the maximum speed of rotation to be operated at
that low-speed setting and not throttled to achieve a specific flow
value, as that is not likely to occur in the field.
However, by specifying that two-speed pool filter pumps would be
tested at the low speed that is available on the pump, DOE recognizes
that there is an opportunity for manufacturers to improve their WEF
score by offering a low speed with a slower speed of rotation. While,
in most cases, DOE believes that such differentiation is warranted, the
DPPP Working Group acknowledged on several occasions that there is a
minimum flow rate that is required for effective pool filtration and
that flow rates below that minimum value are not useful and do not
result in energy savings in the field. (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, Pentair,
No. 53 at p. 136; CA IOUs, No. 53 at p. 136-137) Therefore, DOE
believes that two-speed pool filter pumps with a low speed of rotation
below a minimum threshold that is deemed reasonable for pool
applications should not be able to be tested to determine the WEF
rating of the pump, as such a rating would not be representative of the
pump's performance in the field.
For multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps, DOE proposes
to establish discrete flow points, specified as a function of the
pump's rated hydraulic horsepower at maximum speed on curve C, that are
intended to represent the minimum flow rate for typical ``small'' and
``large'' pool applications (see section III.C.1.c for more
discussion). Specifically, in section III.C.1.c DOE proposes a low flow
rate of 24.7 gpm for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps
that have a hydraulic output power less than or equal to 0.75 hp (small
pool filter pumps) and a low flow rate of 31.1 gpm for multi-speed and
variable-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic output power
greater than 0.75 (large pool filter pumps). DOE believes these flow
rates would also be representative minimum flow rates for two-speed
pool filter pumps and would effectively prevent the inclusion of
unreasonably low speeds on two-speed pool filter pumps for the sole
purpose of inflating WEF ratings.
DOE proposes that the low speed flow rate cannot be below 24.7 gpm
for two-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic output power less
than or equal to 0.75 hp (small pool filter pumps) and that the low
speed flow rate of cannot be below 31.1 gpm for two-speed pool filter
pumps that have a hydraulic output power greater than 0.75 hp (large
pool filter pumps). If a two-speed pump has a flow rate below the
specified value at low speed, the low speed of that pump would not be
tested. That is, the pump would only be tested at the high speed
setting, similar to a single-speed pump, since the low speed setting
results in a flow rate below the specified low flow rate on curve C.
DOE is not aware of any such two-speed pumps that currently have a
speed below the stated values. However, DOE believes the proposed test
procedure is representative of the potential use of any such pumps, as
any available low speeds that result in flow rates below the specified
flow rates would not be useful and, therefore, would not be used in the
field.
DOE requests comment on the proposed load points for two-speed pool
filter pumps, as well as the minimum flow rate thresholds of 24.7 gpm
for two-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic output power less
than or equal to 0.75 hp (small pool filter pumps) and a low flow rate
of 31.1 gpm for two-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic
output power greater than 0.75 and less than 2.5 hp (large pool filter
pumps).
In particular, DOE requests comment on the load points for two-
speed pool filter pumps with a low-speed setting that is higher or
lower than one-half of the maximum speed setting.
DOE also requests comment on the availability and any examples of
two-speed pool filter pumps with a low-speed setting that are not
exactly one-half of the maximum speed setting.
c. Variable-Speed and Multi-Speed Pool Filter Pumps
Although the DPPP Working Group suggested that DOE separately
define variable-speed and multi-speed pool filter pumps, they
recommended that the same test procedure be applied to both speed
configurations. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation # 6, at p. 5) For variable- and multi-speed pool filter
pumps, the DPPP Working Group also proposed two load points that are
generally representative of a high-speed mixing/cleaning flow rate and
a low-speed filtration flow rate, similar to two-speed pool filter
pumps (as discussed in section III.C.1.b). However, the high-speed and
low-speed load points for variable- and multi-speed equipment are
specified in a slightly different manner than for two-speed equipment.
Specifically, as shown in Table III.9, the DPPP Working Group
recommended testing multi- and variable-speed pool filter pumps at (1)
a high-speed load point that is achieved by running the pump at 80
percent of maximum speed (and flow rate) on curve C and (2) a low-speed
load point that is representative of a specific, typical filtration
flow rate, as opposed to a specific speed setting or relative reduction
from maximum speed. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #6 at p. 5)
Table III.9--Variable- and Multi-Speed Load Points Recommended by DPPP Working Group
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point Flow rate (gpm) Head (ft) Speed (rpm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Speed.................... Qhigh(gpm) = 0.8 x H>=0.0082 x Qhigh\2\ Lowest available speed
Qmax\speed@c. for which the pump can
achieve the specified
flow rate (a pump may
vary speed to achieve
this load point).
Low Speed..................... Qlow(gpm) =
If pump H>=0.0082 x Qlow\2\
hydraulic hp at max
speed on curve C is
>0.75, then Qlow =
31.1 gpm.
If pump
hydraulic hp at max
speed on curve C is
<=0.75, then Qlow =
24.7 gpm.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The DPPP Working Group recommended these flow rates because the
range of operating speeds available in multi- and variable-speed pool
filter pumps affects the typical sizing and operation of the pumps in
the field. Specifically, the DPPP Working Group recommended a high flow
rate of 80 percent of the flow at maximum speed
[[Page 64607]]
on curve C to reflect the ability of variable-speed and some multi-
speed pumps to be ``right-sized'' and provide a specific amount of flow
that may be less than the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C. (EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 57 at pp. 388-405) The DPPP Working Group
discussed how dedicated-purpose pool pumps are typically over-sized
and, therefore, may not require the maximum amount of flow the pump can
provide. (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 53 at pp. 142-143;
Waterway, No. 54 at p. 51) Such oversizing often occurs as a result of
the discrete horsepower sizes available, where a dedicated-purpose pool
pump with pump horsepower slightly larger than that required may be
installed when the calculated load is between two discrete nominal
horsepower sizes. (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, Waterway, No. 57 at pp. 396-
397) In addition, a larger variable speed pump than needed may also be
installed in some installations to ensure the dedicated-purpose pool
pump will be able to accommodate the pool volume, even if the pool
filter becomes dirty.\53\ For example, the Independent Pool & Spa
Service Association (IPSSA) recommends, in their basic training manual,
to oversize the pump by 25 percent.\54\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\ As the pool filter accumulates debris, this increases the
dynamic head within the pool system plumbing
\54\ Independent Pool & Spa Service Association (IPSSA) Inc.
2008. Basic Training Manual. Prepared by Robert Lowry of Lowry
Consulting Group, LLC, for the IPSSA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The DPPP Working Group also recommended that the high flow point be
determined at the lowest speed available on the pump with a head point
that is on or above curve C. (Docket No. Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6 at p. 5) DOE notes that, for some
multi-speed pumps, the high flow point may be determined at the maximum
operating speed of the pump and may not be on curve C, as the multi-
speed pump does not have a lower operating speed available that can
also provide 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C.
For example, a three-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump that can operate
with 2-, 4-, or 6-poles is capable of operating only at the discrete
speeds of 3,600, 1,800, and 1,200 rpm, respectively. For such a pump,
the lower operating speeds of 1,800 and 1,200 rpm would not be capable
of providing a flow rate of 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum
speed on curve C. Therefore, the aforementioned three-speed pump would
need to be tested at the maximum operating speed and throttled to a
head pressure higher than curve C to achieve a flow rate of 80 percent
of the flow rate at maximum flow on curve C, as shown in Figure III.5.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.006
DOE believes that such operation is representative of the energy
use of multi-speed pumps, as they would not be able to achieve the 80
percent reduction in speed at the high flow point and, therefore, would
not be able to be ``right-sized'' to provide a specific flow rate.
Also, specifying the same flow rate for variable-speed and multi-speed
pumps results in WEF ratings that are more directly comparable between
the speed configurations.
As a result, DOE proposes to accept the DPPP Working Group
recommendation that the high flow load point be determined at 80
percent of flow rate of the maximum speed of the pump on or above curve
C. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6 at p.
5) That is, all multi-speed and variable-speed pumps will be first
evaluated at maximum speed on curve C to determine the flow rate at
that point. Then, the pump speed will be reduced and/or the pump total
head will be increased to achieve a flow rate equivalent to 80 percent
of the flow rate measured at the maximum operating speed on curve C for
that pump. The flow and input power to the
[[Page 64608]]
pump at this 80 percent load point would be used to represent the
performance of the pump at high speed and flow in calculating the WEF.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to specify the high speed and
flow point for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps based
on a flow rate of 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve
C and head at or above curve C.
Specifically, DOE requests comment on the treatment of multi-speed
pumps and the necessity to throttle multi-speed pumps on the maximum
speed performance curve if appropriate lower discrete operating speeds
are not available to achieve 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum
speed on curve C while still maintaining head at or above curve C.
To develop the low flow rate for variable- and multi-speed pool
filter pumps, the DPPP Working Group considered the unique application
and operation of multi-speed and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps in the field. That is, the DPPP Working Group commented that, as
multi-speed and variable-speed pumps are able to operate at speeds and
flow rates significantly lower than their maximum operating speed,
larger pumps may be installed in a given application than would
otherwise be required, but the flexibility in operating speeds provides
the ability to operate the pool filter pump at only the required
minimum filtration flow rate for the given application. That is, a
variable-speed pump with a rated hydraulic horsepower of 1.5 hp
(approximately 3 nameplate horsepower \55\) may be installed to replace
a two-speed pump with a rated hydraulic horsepower of 1 hp
(approximately 1 nameplate horsepower), but would still be capable of
providing the same (or lower) pool filtration flow rate than the pump
it is replacing. (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 57 at p. 280)
Therefore, instead of specifying the low flow point in terms of the
maximum or available operating speeds of the pump, the DPPP Working
Group recommended specifying the low flow points as specific, discrete
flow rates that are representative of the typical flow rates observed
in the field.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\55\ Nameplate horsepower refers to the nameplate, or rated,
horsepower of the motor, see section III.E.1 for more details.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To develop a methodology to assign specific flow rates to specific
sizes of multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps, DOE and the
DPPP Working Group reviewed the available data regarding the range of
typical pool filter pump filtration flow rates and most common rated
hydraulic horsepower sizes for pool filter pumps. Specifically, the DOE
identified a bimodal distribution of rated hydraulic horsepower sizes
for DPPP models in the population of self-priming pool filter pumps,
with a higher frequency of DPPP models having rated hydraulic
horsepowers of 0.5 and 0.75. (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 57 at
pp. 308-315) To effectively differentiate multi- and variable-speed
pool filter pumps appropriate for smaller pools from those appropriate
for larger pools,\56\ the DPPP Working Group recommended a threshold of
0.75 rated hydraulic horsepower. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No.
51, Recommendation #6 at p. 5) That is, ``small'' multi-speed and
variable-speed pool filter pumps with a rated hydraulic horsepower less
than or equal to 0.75 would be associated with one specific flow rate
typical of smaller pools and ``large'' multi-speed and variable-speed
pool filter pumps with a rated hydraulic horsepower larger than 0.75
would be associated with one specific flow rate typical of larger
pools.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\56\ DOE reiterates that the DPPP Working Group also recommended
separate load points for pool filter pumps above 2.5 hydraulic
horsepower (see section III.A.6) and refers to such pumps throughout
this document as ``very large pool filter pumps.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To develop the specific flow rates for representative small and
large pools, DOE developed flow rates that were representative of flow
rates for the most common rated hydraulic horsepower sizes of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps (i.e., 0.5 and 0.75 rated hydraulic
horsepower). To do this, DOE referenced the relationship between
hydraulic horsepower and flow rate inherent in the method for
calculating hydraulic horsepower shown in equation (2):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.007
Where:
H = head in feet,
Q = flow in gallons per minute, and
SG = specific gravity of water, which can be assumed to be 1.00
based upon the definition of clean water used in HI 40.6.
Assuming that curve C is a representative system curve for pools,
head can also be specified for these pumps according the equation
describing curve C (i.e., H = 0.0082 x Q\2\). Then, by rearranging
equation (2) to specify flow in terms of head and hydraulic power, and
by substituting the equation for curve C for head, a relationship can
be developed that describes the filtration flow rate on curve C for a
given pump in terms of the hydraulic horsepower provided at low speed,
as shown in equation (3).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.008
Where:
Qlow = the low filtration flow rate (gpm) and
PHydraulic,low = hydraulic horsepower of the pump at the
low flow rate on curve C (hp).
DOE notes that this method is consistent with the typical sizing
methods for pool filter pumps described in the industry (i.e., IPSSA),
where the necessary pump size required to accomplish the filtration
function in pools is typically determined based on the necessary flow
and head required on the pool system curve.\57\ However, as pump size
is typically described with respect to the maximum operating speed of
the pump, rather than the low speed, the difference in speed between
the low flow point and the maximum speed of the pump must be accounted
for in order to accurately estimate the typical
[[Page 64609]]
flow rates provided by the common pump hydraulic horsepower sizes found
in DOE's DPPP database. DOE assumed a 50 percent speed reduction, which
is representative of the difference between the high- and low-speeds
for two-speed pumps and the least efficient assumption for multi-speed
and variable-speed pumps. Accordingly, equation (3) can be updated to
determine a representative relationship between the low flow rate and
the rated hydraulic horsepower on curve C at maximum speed of any given
pump, as shown in equation (4):
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\57\ Independent Pool & Spa Service Association (IPSSA) Inc.
2008. Basic Training Manual. Prepared by Robert Lowry of Lowry
Consulting Group, LLC, for the IPSSA.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.009
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Where:
Qlow = the low filtration flow rate (gpm) and
PHydraulic = hydraulic horsepower of the pump at maximum
speed on curve C (i.e., rated hydraulic horsepower, see section
III.E.1) (hp).
Finally, similar to the logic applied when specifying the high flow
point for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps, the DPPP
Working Group considered that two-speed pool filter pumps, which the
multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps would replace, are
typically oversized. That is, the required size to achieve a given flow
rate would be calculated according to equation (4), but if the required
horsepower landed between two horsepower bins, the pump would be up-
sized to the next highest discrete nominal motor horsepower bin. In
this case, DOE and the DPPP Working Group assumed a fixed amount of
oversizing based on the difference in horsepower between the nominal
motor horsepower bins, or 0.25 hydraulic horsepower. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 56 at pp. 209-210) In doing so, DOE presumes
that, even at low speed, the two-speed pump may be providing slightly
more flow than is required to achieve the desired turnover rate in a
given pool and, therefore, installing a variable-speed pump will allow
for the exact amount of flow to be delivered and minimize excess flow
and associated energy consumption. Using this method, DOE derived a
representative flow rate for small pool filter pumps (with rated
hydraulic horsepower at 0.5 hp) of 24.7 gpm and a representative flow
rate for the large pool filter pumps (with rated hydraulic horsepower
of 0.75 hp) of 31.1 gpm.
To relate these representative flow rates to the range of available
multi-speed and variable-speed rated hydraulic horsepower sizes, the
DPPP Working Group determined that it would be most representative to
assign flow rates based on the comparable common DPPP size that any
given multi-speed or variable-speed pool filter pump would be intended
to replace. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 57 at pp. 276-283).
That is, small multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps with
rated hydraulic horsepower less than or equal to 0.75 are assumed to
compete with and serve the same applications as a 0.5 rated hydraulic
horsepower pump, which is associated with a ``representative'' curve C
low, filtration flow rate of 24.7 gpm. Similarly, large multi-speed and
variable-speed pool filter pumps are assumed to compete with pumps that
are, at a minimum, 1 rated hydraulic horsepower and that typically
operate at a low filtration flow rate of 31.1 gpm.
To verify the representativeness of the specified low flow points
for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps, the DPPP Working
Group reviewed typical pool sizes and turnover rates to determine a
range of typical flow rates. The DPPP Working Group discussed that the
majority of pools are between 15,000 and 25,000 gallons, and most pools
of this size are operated with a turnover time of 12 hours. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 59 at pp. 87-88) Specifically, ANSI/NSPI-5
2003, Residential Inground Swimming Pools, recommends a turnover time
of 12 hours. This would result in a turnover rate of one to two turns
per day, depending on if the pump is operating 24 hours per day or not.
DOE notes that a turnover time greater than 12 hours is typically not
feasible because the flow rate would be below the minimum required flow
rate for proper operation of the pool filters, heater, and other
ancillary equipment. That is, CA IOUs and Pentair noted that flow rates
below 25 gpm are not representative of typical pool operation because
they are below the minimum operating speed of some pool components.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 53 at pp. 136-137;
Pentair, No. 53 at p. 136)
Assuming a 12-hour turnover time and the typical range of pool
sizes noted above, typical filtration flow rates range from 21 to 35
gpm, as shown in Table III.10. This is consistent with CA IOUs
observation that typical pool filtration flow rates should be around 25
to 30 gpm. (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 57 at p. 280)
Therefore, the DPPP Working Group determined that the low flow points
for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps of 24.7 and 31.1
gpm were reasonable and representative of most residential pool
applications.
Table III.10--Typical Flow Rates By Pool Volume for a 12-hour turnover
time *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pool Volume (gallons) 15,000 20,000 25,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flow Rate gpm.......................... 21 28 35
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Data in the table were presented during the December 2015 Working
Group meeting (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 50 at p. 12) for average
pool sizes based on sales data.
Based on this analysis, DOE agrees with the DPPP Working Group that
flow rates of 24.7 gpm and 31.1 gpm are representative of flow rates
that are typical for small and large pool filter pumps that are multi-
speed and variable-speed, respectively. DOE also notes that such an
approach would ensure that variable-speed pool filter pumps would
always perform better than a two-speed pump in the same application,
which DOE believes is reflective of the relative energy consumption of
two- versus variable-speed pool filter pumps in the field. Therefore,
consistent with the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, DOE
proposes to test multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps that
have a hydraulic output power less than or equal to 0.75 hp (small pool
filter pumps) at a low flow rate of 24.7 gpm and multi-speed and
variable-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic output power
greater than 0.75 and less than 2.5 hp (large pool filter pumps) at a
low flow rate of 31.1 gpm, as summarized in Table III.9. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6 at p. 5)
DOE recognizes that this proposal, similar to the proposal for the
high flow point for multi-speed and variable-speed pumps, does not
explicitly specify the head or speed at which the pump operates at the
low flow points. Instead, DOE proposes that the low and high flow rates
would be achieved at the
[[Page 64610]]
lowest available speed while operating on or above curve C to
accommodate multi-speed pumps that may not be capable of operating at
the exact speed that allows the pump to achieve the required flow rate
exactly on curve C. For such a pump, DOE proposes that the pump be
tested at the lowest available speed that can meet the specified flow
with a head point that is at or above curve C for the low-flow
(Qlow) test point, similar to the high-flow
(Qhigh) test point.
DOE requests comment on the proposed low flow points for small and
large multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps.
DOE also requests comment on the treatment of multi-speed pumps and
proposal to test multi-speed pumps at the lowest available speed that
can meet the specified flow with a head point that is at or above curve
C for low-flow (Qlow) test point, similar to the high-flow
(Qhigh) test point.
d. Weighting Factor for Various Load Points
As WEF is calculated as the weighted average flow rate over the
weighted average input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump at
various load points, as described in equation (1), DOE also must assign
weights to the load points discussed above for each self-priming or
non-self-priming pool filter pump. During the Working Group meetings,
the DPPP Working Group discussed and ultimately recommended weights for
the various speed configurations of pool filter pumps, as summarized in
Table III.11. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation
#7 at p. 5)
Table III.11--Summary of Load Point Weights (wi) for Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
Recommended by the DPPP Working Group
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point(s) i
DPPP Varieties Speed type -------------------------------
Low flow High flow
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps and Single................................... .............. 1.0
Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps.
Two/Multi/Variable *..................... 0.80 0.20
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* DOE notes that the DPPP Working Group recommendations explicitly recommended weights separately for ``Multi-
Speed'' and ``Variable-Speed'' pool filter pump, but not for ``Two-speed'' pool filter pumps. DOE believes
that this is an oversight in the documentation of the DPPP Working Group recommendation, as the DPPP Working
Group intended all two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed pool filter pumps to have the same weights of
0.2 at the high flow point and 0.8 at the low flow point. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 57 at pp. 426-
429)
Specifically, for single-speed self-priming and non-self-priming
pool filter pumps, because such pumps are tested at only one speed, the
weight assigned to the single high flow point is 1.0. For two-speed,
multi-speed, and variable-speed pool filter pumps, DOE analyzed all
available data regarding representative operating profiles for pool
filter pumps to determine representative weights for these pumps and
presented such analysis to the DPPP Working Group.\58\ Based on DOE's
analysis and the collective industry experience of the DPPP Working
Group members, the DPPP Working Group recommended weights of 0.20 at
the high flow point and 0.80 at the low flow point. Although the DPPP
Working Group acknowledged that the relative operation of any given
pool filter pump would be variable based on the specific application,
the DPPP Working Group believed that these weights would be most
representative of the typical application and operation of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps in the field. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No.
57 at pp. 355-367)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\58\ DOE's analysis of representative weights for different
varieties and speed configurations of dedicated-purpose pool pumps
is available in the docket for this rulemaking. (Docket No. EERE-
2016-BT-TP-0002)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In consideration of the DPPP Working Group recommendation, as well
as DOE's own analysis, DOE proposes to use the weighting factors
proposed by the DPPP Working Group and summarized in Table III.11 for
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to use a weight of 1.0 for
single-speed pool filter pumps and weights of 0.20 for the high flow
point and 0.80 for the low flow point for two-speed, multi-speed, and
variable-speed pool filter pumps.
e. Applicability of Two-Speed, Multi-Speed, and Variable-Speed Pool
Filter Pump Test Methods
As discussed in section III.A.7, DOE proposes specific definitions
for two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps that would dictate which of the pool filter pump test methods
applies to a given pool filter pump, as described in sections III.C.1.a
through III.C.1.c. The definitions for two-speed, multi-speed, and
variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump establish specific criteria
that any given dedicated-purpose pool pump must meet in order to be
considered a two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pump and be eligible to apply the test points for two-
speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed pool filter pumps, respectively.
If a dedicated-purpose pool pump does not meet the definition of two-
speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed dedicated purpose pool pump
discussed in section III.A.7, DOE proposes that such a pump would be
tested using the single-speed pool filter pump test points, regardless
of the number of operating speeds the pump may have.
However, the DPPP Working Group recommended additional provisions
for two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps that are greater than or
equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower and less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower. That is, in order to use the two-speed pool
filter pump test procedure, the DPPP Working Group recommended that
self-priming pool filter pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711
rated hydraulic horsepower and less than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower
and are two-speed must also be distributed in commerce either: (1) With
a pool pump control (variable speed drive and user interface or switch)
that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences
and allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/
off times or (2) without a pool pump control with such capability but
is unable to operate without the presence of such a pool pump control.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #5B at p. 3).
Effectively, this would require that only two-speed self-priming pool
filter pumps (in the referenced size range) distributed in commerce
with an automated, pre-programmable control or not distributed in
commerce with such
[[Page 64611]]
a control but unable to operate without one can apply the two-speed
test points described in the self-priming pool filter pump test
procedure. In such a case, two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps (in
the referenced size range) that are distributed in commerce with only a
manual switch would still meet the proposed definition of a two-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump, but would not be eligible to be tested
with the two-speed pool filter pump test points. Instead, such a pump
would be tested as a single-speed pool filter pump.
Consistent with the DPPP Working Group recommendations, DOE
proposes to adopt the limitation on applicability of the two-speed test
procedure to only those two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps that
are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower and less
than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower and are distributed in commerce
either: (1) With a pool pump control (variable speed drive and user
interface or switch) that changes the speed in response to pre-
programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the duration
of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2) without a pool pump
control that has capability but is unable to operate without the
presence of such a pool pump control.
DOE requests comment on the applicability of the two-speed, multi-
speed, and variable-speed pool filter pump test methods to only those
pool filter pumps that meet the proposed definitions of two-speed,
multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump.
DOE requests comment on additionally limiting the applicability of
the two-speed test procedure to only those two-speed self-priming pool
filter pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic
horsepower and less than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower and are
distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump control (variable
speed drive and user interface or switch) that changes the speed in
response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to
select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2)
without a pool pump control that has capability but is unable to
operate without the presence of such a pool pump control.
DOE requests comment on any additional criteria or requirements
that may be necessary to ensure that the test procedure for two-speed,
multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps is
representative of their likely energy performance in the field.
2. Waterfall Pumps
Another variety of dedicated-purpose pool pump covered by this
proposed DPPP test procedure is waterfall pumps. Under the proposed
definition in section III.A.4.a, waterfall pumps are pool filter pumps
that have a maximum head less than or equal to 30 feet and a maximum
speed less than or equal to 1,800 rpm. DOE also understands waterfall
pumps operate typically at a single speed. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, Regal-Beloit America Inc, No. 53, at p. 118) Such pumps are
specialty-purpose pool filter pumps that typically operate waterfalls
or other water features in a pool. Because of these specific
applications, the DPPP Working Group recommended unique test points for
waterfall pumps that are representative of the typical applications of
these pumps.
Specifically, the DPPP Working Group recommended testing waterfall
pumps at a fixed head of 17 feet and at the maximum operating speed of
the pump. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6
at p. 5) The Working Group recommended this test point because, in its
view, it represents typical waterfall operating characteristics, which
are generally a high flow, low static head application (The range of
head values currently available for waterfall pumps is between 10 feet
and 25 feet--an average of 17.5 feet of head). The working group agreed
that all current waterfall pump models can achieve this test point, and
this test point would not restrict future product designs. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 56 at p. 230-237) Consistent with the single
recommended load point, the DPPP Working Group also recommended fully
weighting that load point (i.e., assigning it a weight of 1.0). (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #7 at p. 5)
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to adopt the recommendations of the DPPP
Working Group to test waterfall pumps at a single load point at maximum
speed and a head of 17 feet and fully weight that single load point.
However, DOE proposes to specify the load point more precisely, as 17.0
feet, to indicate the requisite amount of precision with which the test
point must be achieved. DOE believes that this is a reasonable and
achievable level of precision given the repeatability of the test and
the allowable tolerances specified in sectionIII.D.2.d.
DOE requests comment on the proposed load point for waterfall pumps
of 17.0 feet of head at the maximum speed of the pump and the proposed
weight of 1.0 for the single load point.
3. Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps
In addition to self-priming and non-self priming pool filter pumps
and waterfall pumps, the DPPP Working Group also recommended specifying
a test procedure for pressure cleaner booster pumps (PCBPs). Pressure
cleaner booster pumps, as defined in section III.A.4.b, are dedicated-
purpose pool pumps that are specifically designed to propel pressure-
side pool cleaners along the bottom of the pool in pressure-side
cleaner applications. These pressure-side cleaner applications require
a high amount of head and a low flow. In the December 2015 DPPP Working
Group recommendations, the Working Group had recommended a single,
fixed load point of 90 feet of head at maximum speed based on the fact
that any given pressure-side pool cleaner application is typically a
single, fixed load point. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, Zodiac,
No. 56 at p. 244) The DPPP Working Group developed the test point of 90
feet of head at maximum speed because it sufficiently represents
typical pressure cleaner booster pump operation, while being achievable
by all currently available models of pressure cleaner booster pumps.
However, at that time, the DPPP Working Group acknowledged that
field conditions are extremely variable, and the operating conditions
depend on the application of the pump. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, Pentair, No. 56 at pp. 244 & Hayward Industries, No. 56 at pp.
244-246) For example, Zodiac noted that the required pressure to
operate a given pressure-side cleaner may vary from pool to pool based
on differences in pool size and length, dimensions, and friction losses
associated with the system piping. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
Zodiac, No. 56 at p. 244)
As a result, in the second round of negotiations, the DPPP Working
Group reevaluated the recommended test procedure for pressure cleaner
booster pumps and its ability to representatively evaluate and
differentiate the potentially variable energy performance of different
PCBP technologies. Specifically, pressure-side cleaners typically
require a relatively fixed flow rate to ensure proper cleaning, and the
Working Group discussed how pressure cleaner booster pumps are
currently designed conservatively to be able to provide the requisite
flow rate in even the worst-case, highest head-loss plumbing systems
and pools. With conventional single-speed pressure
[[Page 64612]]
cleaner booster pumps, orifice rings are typically installed to
throttle the flow to the requisite flow rate at a higher head than may
be necessary for the application. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
No. XX at p. YYY) However, the Working Group acknowledged that some
plumbing systems may be able to effectively operate a pressure-side
cleaner with significantly less head than typical, single-speed
pressure cleaner booster pumps currently provide. For example, the CA
IOUs presented data supporting the potential for variable-speed
pressure cleaner booster pumps to reduce speed and provide the
requisite flow rate and cleaner operating speed at lower head values.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 69) Therefore, to
better capture the potential for variable performance of pressure
cleaner booster pumps, including variable-speed pressure cleaner
booster pumps, in the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the
Working Group revised the recommended test point for pressure cleaner
booster pumps to be a flow rate of 10 gpm at the minimum speed that
results in a head value at or above 60 feet.\59\ (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #8 at pp. 4-5) In such a case,
single-speed pressure cleaner booster pumps would still be evaluated at
a head value and flow rate similar to the previously specified 90 feet.
However, any variable-speed, multi-speed, or even two-speed pressure
cleaner booster pumps may operate at a lower speed and lower head
value, while still providing the requisite 10 gpm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\59\ The actual verbiage in the June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations describes this load point in tabular format. The
paragraph form presented here is identical in intent to the table
presented in the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In either case, as only a single load point is required to
adequately characterize the efficiency of pressure cleaner booster
pumps, the DPPP Working Group recommended a weighting factor of 1.0 for
measured performance at that single load point when calculating WEF.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6 and #7 at
p. 5)
DOE agrees with the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations,
and proposes to test pressure cleaner booster pumps at a single load
point of 10 gpm at the minimum speed that results in a head value at or
above 60 feet and to weight the measured performance of the pump at
that load point with a weighting factor of 1.0. However, similar to
waterfall pumps discussed in section III.C.1.e, DOE proposes to specify
the load point more precisely, as a flow rate of 10.0 gpm and a head
value at or above 60.0 feet, to indicate the requisite amount of
precision with which the test point must be achieved. DOE believes that
this level of precision is reasonable and achievable given the
repeatability of the test and the allowable tolerances specified in
section III.D.2.gIII.D.2.f.
DOE requests comment on the proposed load point for pressure
cleaner booster pumps of 10.0 gpm at the minimum speed that results in
a head value at or above 60.0 feet and the proposed weight of 1.0 for
the single load point.
DOE requests comment and information regarding if this test point
is achievable for all pressure cleaner booster pumps and, if not, how
such pumps should be tested.
4. Summary
In summary, DOE proposes unique load points for the different
varieties and speed configurations of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, as
recommended by the DPPP Working Group. DOE's proposed load points (i)
and weights (wi) used in determining WEF for each pump
variety are presented in Table III.12.
[[Page 64613]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.010
D. Determination of Pump Performance
As part of DOE's test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
DOE is specifying how to measure the performance of the dedicated-
purpose pool pump at the applicable load points (section III.C)
consistently and unambiguously. Specifically, to determine WEF for
applicable dedicated-purpose pool pumps, the proposed test procedure
specifies methods to measure the driver input power to the motor or to
the DPPP controls, if any, and the flow rate at each specified load
point, as well as the hydraulic output power at maximum speed on system
curve C (i.e., the rated hydraulic horsepower, see section III.E.1).
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #5 at p. 4)
DOE notes that several industry standards currently exist that
specify test methods applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE
reviewed these industry test methods and provides a summary of this
review in section III.D.1. Section III.D.1 also discusses the industry
standard DOE proposes to incorporate by reference for measuring the
performance of dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
[[Page 64614]]
However, DOE believes that several exceptions, modifications, and
additions to this base test procedure are necessary to ensure accuracy
and repeatability of test measurements (sections III.D.2.a through
III.D.2.f). Finally, DOE proposes specific procedures for calculating
the WEF from the collected test data and rounding the values to ensure
that the test results are determined in a consistent manner (section
III.D.2.g).
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI 40.6-2014
When determining the appropriate test method for measuring the
relevant performance parameters for dedicated-purpose pool pumps
(namely, driver input power, flow rate, speed of rotation, and
hydraulic output power), DOE reviewed the DPPP test procedures that are
established or referenced by the existing regulatory and voluntary
programs that are discussed in section III.B.1. The rating metrics and
testing requirements for each of these programs are summarized in Table
III.13.
Table III.13--Summary of Rating Metrics and Industry Test Procedures Referenced by Various Voluntary and
Regulatory DPPP Programs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other relevant
Rating program Metric Test procedure standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEC 2014 Appliance Efficiency Prescriptive design IEEE Standard 114-2001 for N/A.
Regulations. requirements. determination of motor
efficiency ANSI/HI 1.6-
2000 with additional
rating requirements and
calculations (equivalent
to ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013)
for pump performance.
ENERGY STAR Program Requirements EF.................... ANSI/HI 1.6-2000 with ANSI/APSP-4-2007, ANSI/
for Pool Pumps--Version 1.0. additional rating NSPI-5-2003, ANSI/
requirements and NSPI-6-1999.
calculations (equivalent
to ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013).
CEE High-Efficiency Swimming Pool EF and prescriptive ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013..... N/A.
Initiative. design requirements
for DPPP controls.
Australia and New Zealand Energy EF.................... Part 1 of AS 5102-2009..... N/A.
Rating Program.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As shown in Table III.13, the CEC 2014 Appliance Efficiency
Regulations \60\ establish prescriptive design requirements for
residential pool pumps, primarily focusing on the motor and controls
with which the dedicated-purpose pool pump is sold. Cal. Code Regs.,
tit. 20 section 1605.3, subd. (g)(5). The CEC requires that reported
motor efficiency is verifiable by IEEE Standard 114-2001, ``IEEE
Standard Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction Motors.'' \61\ The
CEC also requires reporting of DPPP performance, as determined in
accordance with the HI Standard 1.6 (ANSI/HI 1.6-2000), ``American
National Standard for Centrifugal Pump Tests'' when certifying a
dedicated-purpose pool pump under the Title 20 regulations. Cal. Code
Regs., tit. 20 section 1606, subd. (a)(3). The test requirements for
ENERGY STAR and CEE reference the ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, which is
harmonized with the CEC testing methodology and also references HI 1.6-
2000 for measurement of relevant pump performance parameters. Id. The
test requirements for the Australia and New Zealand energy rating
programs, defined in part 1 of AS 5102-2009, ``Performance of household
electrical appliances--Swimming pool pump--units: Energy consumption
and energy performance,'' are similar to the CEC testing requirements,
but includes a different test setup, different measurement
requirements, and different load points. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\60\ California Energy Commission. 2014 Appliance Efficiency
Regulations. 2014. www.energy.ca.gov/2014publications/CEC-400-2014-009/CEC-400-2014-009-CMF.pdf.
\61\ Available for purchase at: http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/114-2001.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the January 2016 general pumps TP NOPR, DOE incorporated by
reference HI 40.6-2014 as the basis for the DOE test procedure for
general pumps, with several exceptions, modifications, and
additions.\62\ 81 FR 4086, 4109-4117 (Jan. 25, 2016). As noted in the
DPPP Working Group negotiations, HI 40.6-2014 was developed as a more
rigorous, standardized test method, based on the acceptance test
procedure provided in ANSI/HI 14.6-2011, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump
Efficiency Testing,'' which superseded HI 1.6-2000.\63\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\62\ The specific exceptions and modifications adopted in the
January 2016 general pump TP final rule and their applicability to
the DPPP test procedure proposed herein are discussed in section
III.D.2).
\63\ For more information see: http://estore.pumps.org/Standards/Rotodynamic/EfficiencyTestsPDF.aspx.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the May 2015 DPPP RFI, DOE discussed the various test methods
and requested comment on any DPPP test procedure that DOE should
consider in developing a potential test procedure for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps. 80 FR 26475, 26483 (May 8, 2015). In response, HI stated
that HI 40.6-2014 was developed and vetted by manufacturers, energy
advocates, and others. HI also stated that HI 40.6-2014 is applicable
to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No.
8 at p. 4) HI did not believe that there are any other relevant test
procedures that should be considered. In contrast, APSP responded that
DOE should rely and reference ANSI/APSPICC-15-2013a. APSP elaborated on
many aspects of ANSI/APSPICC-15-2013a, including that ANSI/APSPICC-15-
2013a references ANSI/HI 1.6-2000, for testing pool pumps. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 10 at p. 2) The only other comments DOE
received on this topic from the May 2015 DPPP RFI were from entities
that later joined the DPPP Working Group (see Table I.2). As previously
stated in the NOPR, the May 2015 DPPP RFI comments from DPPP Working
Group members are not addressed in this document because their concerns
were discussed during the DPPP Working Group meetings and are reflected
in the December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations.
In response to the comments from both APSP and HI, during the DPPP
Working Group meetings, DOE reviewed ANSI/HI 1.6-2000, ANSI/HI 14.6-
2011, and HI 40.6-2014. As mentioned by HI in the comment to the May
2015 DPPP RFI, HI 40.6-2014 was developed and vetted by manufacturers,
energy advocates, and others--specifically building on ANSI/HI 14.6-
2011. Based on this review, as discussed in the DPPP Working Group
meetings, DOE determined that HI 40.6-2014 was similar to HI 1.6-2000
and HI 14.6-
[[Page 64615]]
2011, but improves on the previous test methods by incorporating more
clear, unambiguous, specific, and repeatable language that would
improve the accuracy and consistency of the test results. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 58 at pp. 370-430) Specifically, HI 40.6-
2014 defines and explains how to calculate driver power input,\64\
volume per unit time,\65\ pump total head,\66\ pump power output,\67\
overall efficiency,\68\ and other relevant quantities at the specified
load points necessary to determine the proposed metric, WEF, and
contains appropriate specifications regarding the test setup,
methodology, standard rating conditions, equipment specifications,
uncertainty calculations, and tolerances.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\64\ The term ``driver power input'' in HI 40.6-2014 is defined
as ``the power absorbed by the pump driver'' and is synonymous with
the term ``driver input power'' and ``input power to the motor and/
or controls,'' as used in this document.
\65\ The term ``volume per unit time'' in HI-40.6 is defined as
``the volume rate of flow in any given section'' and is used
synonymously with ``flow'' and ``flow rate'' in this document.
\66\ The term ``pump total head'' is defined in HI 40.6-2014 as
the difference between the outlet total head and the inlet total
head and is used synonymously with the terms ``total dynamic head''
and ``head'' in this document.
\67\ The term ``pump power output'' in HI-40.6 is defined as
``the mechanical power transferred to the liquid as it passes
through the pump, also known as pump hydraulic power.'' It is used
synonymously with ``hydraulic horsepower'' in this document.
However, where hydraulic horsepower is used to reference the size of
a dedicated-purpose pool pump, it refers to the rated hydraulic
horsepower, as defined in section III.E.1.
\68\ The term ``overall efficiency'' is defined in HI 40.6-2014
as a ratio of pump power output to driver power input and describes
the combined efficiency of a pump and driver.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on this analysis, the DPPP Working Group recommended that the
DPPP test procedure be based on wire-to-water testing in accordance
with HI 40.6-2014. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #8 at p. 6) Consistent with the DPPP Working Group
recommendations, DOE believes HI 40.6-2014 contains the relevant test
methods needed to accurately characterize the performance of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, with a few exceptions, modifications, and additions
noted in section III.D.2. Accordingly, DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference certain sections of HI 40.6-2014 as part of DOE's test
procedure for measuring the energy consumption of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, with the exceptions, modifications, and additions listed in
III.D.2. DOE notes that HI 40.6-2014, with certain exceptions, is
already incorporated by reference into subpart Y of 10 CFR part 431 and
approved for Sec. 431.464, and appendix A to subpart Y of part 431. 10
CFR 431.463. In this rule, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference HI
40.6-2014, with certain different exceptions, into the proposed
appendix B to subpart Y that would contain the DPPP test procedure.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to incorporate by reference HI
40.6-2014 into the proposed appendix B to subpart Y, with the
exceptions, modifications, and additions listed in section III.D.2.
2. Exceptions, Modifications and Additions to HI 40.6-2014
In general, DOE finds the test methods contained within HI 40.6-
2014 are sufficiently specific and reasonably designed to produce test
results necessary to determine the WEF of applicable dedicated-purpose
pool pumps. However, only certain sections of HI 40.6-2014 are
applicable to the proposed DPPP test procedure. In addition, DOE
requires a few exceptions, modifications, and additions to ensure test
results are as repeatable and reproducible as possible. DOE's proposed
modifications and clarifications to HI 40.6-2014 are addressed in the
subsequent sections III.D.2.a through III.D.2.g.
a. Applicability and Clarification of Certain Sections of HI 40.6-2014
Although DOE proposes to incorporate by reference HI 40.6-2014 as
the basis for the DPPP test procedure, DOE notes that some sections of
the standard are not applicable to the DPPP test procedure, while other
sections require clarification regarding their applicability when
conducting the DPPP test procedure. Table III.14 provides an overview
of the sections of HI 40.62014 that DOE proposes to exclude from the
DOE test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, as well as those
that DOE proposes would only be optional and would not be required for
determination of WEF.
Table III.14--Sections of HI 40.6-2014 DOE Proposes To Exclude From Incorporation by Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section No. Title Proposed applicability
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40.6.4.1................................ Vertically suspended Excluded.
pumps.
40.6.4.2................................ Submersible pumps..... Excluded.
40.6.5.3................................ Test report........... Excluded.
40.6.5.5.1.............................. Test procedure........ Certain Portions Optional for Representations.
40.6.5.5.2.............................. Speed of rotation Excluded.
during test.
40.6.6.1................................ Translation of test Excluded.
results to rated
speed of rotation.
40.6.6.2................................ Pump efficiency....... Optional for Representations.
40.6.6.3................................ Performance curve..... Optional for Representations.
A.7..................................... Testing at Excluded.
temperatures
exceeding 30 [deg]C
(86 [deg]F).
Appendix B.............................. Reporting of test Excluded.
results.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE proposes not incorporating by reference section 40.6.4.1,
``Vertically suspended pumps,'' and section 40.6.4.2, ``Submersible
pumps,'' of HI 40.6-2014 in this DPPP TP NOPR because, as discussed in
section III.A.1, dedicated-purpose pool pumps are end suction pumps and
are not vertical turbine or submersible pumps. As such, the test
provisions applicable to vertical turbine and submersible pumps
described in section 40.6.4.1 and section 40.6.4.2 do not apply to the
DPPP TP NOPR.
Additionally, section 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation during
test,'' of HI 40.6-2014 requires that the speed of rotation to
establish flow rate, pump total head, and power input be within the
range of 80 percent and 120 percent of the rated speed. However, in
this DPPP TP NOPR, rated or nominal speeds are not relevant, as DOE
proposes testing at the maximum operating speed; low operating speed
for two-speed pumps; and, for multi-speed and variable-speed pumps, any
available speed that can meet the prescribed head and flow points (see
section III.C.4). Similarly, section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test
results to rated speed of rotation,'' describes the method by which
tested data can be
[[Page 64616]]
translated to the rated speed of rotation for subsequent calculations
and reporting purposes. As DOE proposes that all testing be conducted
at the maximum speed of rotation, or at specific speeds that are
determined by other characteristics (i.e., the available discrete
operating speeds of the pump and/or the specified flow rate and
reference curve), translation of tested results based on speed is not
necessary. As a result, DOE proposes to not incorporate section
40.6.5.5.2 and 40.6.6.1, and proposes different requirements regarding
the operating speed at different test points, as summarized in Table
III.12.
HI 40.6-2014 also contains relevant requirements in section
40.6.5.5, ``Test conditions,'' for the characteristics of the testing
fluid to be used when testing pumps. Specifically, section 40.6.5.5
requires that the ``tests shall be made with clear water at a maximum
temperature of 10-30 [deg]C (50-86 [deg]F)'' and clarifies that ``clear
water means water to be used for pump testing, with a maximum kinematic
viscosity of 1.5 x 10-6 m\2\/s (1.6 x 10-5 ft\2\/s) and a
maximum density of 1000 kgm3 (62.4 lb/ft\3\).'' DOE agrees with these
requirements, as they will increase the repeatability and consistency
of the test results, since significant variations in water density or
viscosity can affect the tested pump performance. DOE proposes to
include such requirements to test with clear water by incorporating by
reference HI 40.6-2014, including section 4.6.5.5. However, in section
A.7 of appendix A, ``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86
[deg]F),'' HI 40.6-2014 addresses testing at temperatures above 30
[deg]C (86 [deg]F). DOE does not intend to allow testing with liquids
other than those meeting the definition of clear water presented
previously, including water at elevated temperatures. Therefore, DOE
proposes to exclude section A.7 from the incorporation by reference of
HI 40.6-2014. DOE notes that, in the January 2016 general pumps TP
final rule, DOE also did not incorporate section A.7 of appendix A of
HI 40.6-2014. 81 FR 4086, 4110 (Jan. 25, 2016).
Finally, DOE notes that section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report,'' provides
requirements regarding the generation of a test report and appendix B,
``Reporting of test results,'' provides guidance on test report
formatting, both of which are not required for testing and rating
dedicated-purpose pool pumps in accordance with DOE's procedure. In the
January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE also did not incorporate
these sections for similar reasons. 81 FR 4086, 4110 (Jan. 25, 2016).
For the reasons stated previously, DOE proposes to not incorporate
by reference section 40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2,
40.6.6.1, section A.7 of appendix A, and appendix B of HI 40.6-2014 as
part of the DOE test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to not incorporate by
reference sections 40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2, 40.6.6.1,
A.7, and Appendix B of HI 40.6-2014 as part of the DOE test procedure
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
In addition to the excluded sections of HI 40.6-2014 referenced
previously, DOE also notes that certain sections of HI 40.6-2014 are
not necessary to determine WEF for applicable dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, but DOE opts to include them in the proposed DPPP test procedure
for the purposes of any other optional representations DPPP
manufacturers may wish to make regarding DPPP performance.
Specifically, only the following measurements are required to calculate
WEF for any given dedicated-purpose pool pump:
Pump power output (hydraulic horsepower) at maximum speed
of rotation on the reference curve (i.e., rated hydraulic horsepower);
driver power input (input power to the motor, or controls
if available) at all load points i, specified uniquely for each DPPP
variety and speed configuration (see section III.C);
volume rate of flow (flow rate) at all load points i,
specified uniquely for each DPPP variety and speed configuration (see
section III.C);
speed of rotation at each load point i, specified uniquely
for each DPPP variety and speed configuration (see section III.C).
HI 40.6-2014 also contains methods that describe how to determine
the BEP of the pump, pump efficiency, and overall efficiency. In
addition, HI 40.6-2014 section 40.6.6.3, ``Performance curve,''
describes how to specify head versus flow rate, power versus flow rate,
and efficiency versus flow rate performance curves. Although
determination of these pump performance metrics and curves is not
required to calculate WEF, DOE acknowledges that DPPP manufacturers may
wish to make representations regarding the performance of their
dedicated-purpose pool pumps based on these metrics, in addition to the
proposed WEF metric. Therefore, DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference certain portions of HI 40.6-2014 (i.e., sections 40.6.5.5.1,
``Test procedure''; section 40.6.6.2, ``Pump efficiency''; and section
40.6.6.3, ``Performance curve) even though they are not directly
applicable to the manner in which DOE proposes to test dedicated-
purpose pool pumps to determine WEF. In the proposed regulatory text of
the DPPP test procedure, DOE would refer specifically only to those
sections that are applicable for the determination of WEF and note that
determination of pump efficiency, overall efficiency, BEP, and pump
performance curves is not required. With regard to section 40.6.5.5.1
of HI 40.6-2014, DOE notes that the specifications regarding warm-up
time and collecting data at steady-state conditions are applicable to
the determination of WEF. However, section 40.6.5.5.1, of HI 40.6-2014
also requires measurement of pump performance at test points
corresponding to 40, 60, 75, 90, 100, 110, and 120 percent of the flow
rate at the expected BEP of the pump. DOE proposes different load
points for the varieties and speed configurations of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps to which the test procedure is applicable, which are
presented in detail in section III.C. Therefore, in the DPPP test
procedure, DOE proposes to clarify that measurements at the load points
described in section 40.6.5.5.1 are not required and that, instead,
relevant parameters must be determined at the specific load points
proposed in section III.C for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration. However, manufacturers could elect to also record data
at the test points described in section 40.6.5.5.1 in order to
determine BEP or make representations regarding pump performance over
the operating range of the equipment.
To allow manufacturers to make voluntary representations of other
metrics, in addition to WEF, DOE proposes to clarify that section
40.6.5.5.1, section 40.6.6.2, and section 40.6.6.3, of HI 40.6-2014 are
not required for determination of WEF, but may be optionally conducted
to determine and make representations about other DPPP performance
parameters.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to clarify the applicability
of sections 40.6.5.5.1, section 40.6.6.2, and section 40.6.6.3, of HI
40.6-2014.
b. Calculation of Hydraulic Horsepower
In addition to the clarifications regarding the applicability of
certain sections of HI 40.6-2014 to the DPPP test procedure, DOE
believes that clarification is also required regarding the calculation
of hydraulic horsepower. Specifically, in the January 2016 general pump
TP final rule, DOE clarified that hydraulic horsepower must be
[[Page 64617]]
calculated with a unit conversion factor of 3,956, instead of 3,960,
which is specified in HI 40.6-2014. 81 FR 4086, 4109 (Jan. 25, 2016).
DOE notes that the value of 3,956 more accurately represents the unit
conversion from the product of flow (Q) in gpm, head (H) in feet, and
specific gravity (which is dimensionless) to horsepower, when assuming
a specific gravity of 1.0. In section 40.6.6.2, HI 40.6-2014 specifies
a value of 3,960 in regards to calculating pump efficiency, but HI
40.6-2014 does not specify a specific unit conversion factor for the
purposes of calculating pump hydraulic output power. Instead, HI 40.6-
2014 provides the following equation (5) for determining pump power
output:
Pu = [rho] x Q x H x g (5)
Where:
Pu = the measured hydraulic output power of the tested
pump,\69\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\69\ For each of the quantities listed, HI 40.6-2014 provides
multiple metric and U.S. customary units. Appendix E also provides
unit conversions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[rho] = density,
Q = the volume rate of flow,
H = pump total head, and
g = acceleration due to gravity.
\As shown in equation (5), the unit conversion factor can be
derived from the product of density and acceleration due to gravity. An
analysis was performed in support of the January 2016 general pumps TP
final rule to convert from the metric units for density and
acceleration due to gravity specified in HI 40.6-2014 to the
appropriate units. This analysis found the value of 3,956 to be more
accurate and have a greater amount of precision than the 3,960 value
specified in HI 40.6-2014 for properties and conditions of the clear
water used for testing. Therefore, to ensure consistent calculations
and results in the DOE test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
and consistent with the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE
proposes a unit conversion factor of 3,956 instead of the 3,960 value
specified in HI 40.6-2014 and proposes to clarify that the 3,960
calculation in section 40.6.6.2 of HI 40.6-2014 should not be used.
Also, DOE notes that the value of 3,956 is the value used by the DPPP
Working Group and was shown in presentation material at the working
group meetings. (Docket No., EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 42 at p. 17)
DOE requests comment on its proposal to clarify the calculation of
pump hydraulic horsepower to reference a unit conversion of 3,956
instead of 3,960.
c. Data Collection and Determination of Stabilization
In order to ensure the repeatability of test data and results, the
DPPP test procedure must provide instructions regarding how to sample
and collect data at each load point. Such instructions ensure that the
collected data are taken at stabilized conditions that accurately and
precisely represent the performance of the dedicated-purpose pool pump
at the designated load points, thus improving repeatability of the
test.
Section 40.6.5.5.1 of HI 40.6-2014 provides that all measurements
shall be made under steady state conditions. The requirements for
determining when the pump is operating under steady state conditions in
HI 40.6-2014 are described as follows: (1) There is no vortexing, (2)
the margins are as specified in ANSI/HI 9.6.1, ``Rotodynamic Pumps
Guideline for NPSH Margin,'' and (3) the mean value of all measured
quantities required for the test data point remains constant within the
permissible amplitudes of fluctuations defined in Table 40.6.3.2.2 of
HI 40.6-2014 over a minimum period of 10 seconds before performance
data are collected. While HI 40.6-2014 does not specify the measurement
interval for determination of steady state operation, DOE understands
that a minimum of two stabilization measurements are required to
calculate an average. To provide greater specificity regarding data
collection in the context of determination of stabilization, in the
January 2016 general pump TP final rule, DOE adopted requirements that
at least two unique measurements must be used to determine
stabilization. 81 FR 4086, 4011 (Jan. 25, 2016). DOE notes that the
ENERGY STAR Program currently requires measurement equipment to record
data at a rate ``greater than or equal to one reading per second'' and
requires sampling data to be accumulated for at least one minute and
the average (arithmetic mean) value to be recorded.\70\ DOE believes
the requirements for general pumps adopted in the January 2016 general
pumps TP final rule accommodate a longer period between the sampling of
individual data points and, therefore, any measurement procedures
currently in place for ENERGY STAR testing would also meet the data
collection and stabilization requirements adopted in the January 2016
general pumps TP final rule. 81 FR 4086, 4011 (Jan. 25, 2016). As a
result, DOE believes the data collection requirements specified in the
January 2016 general pumps TP final rule are sufficient to collect
accurate and repeatable measurements, but also accommodate more
frequent data collection if test labs are able to accommodate such.
Therefore, DOE proposes to adopt requirements that at least two unique
measurements must be used to determine stabilization when testing pumps
according to the DPPP test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\70\ ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product Specification for
Pool Pumps, Final Test Method. Rev. Jan-2013, section 6.2.A.3, p 4.
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014, ``Permissible fluctuations,''
also provides that permissible damping devices may be used to minimize
noise and large fluctuations in the data in order to achieve the
specifications noted in Table 40.6.3.2.2. To ensure that each
stabilization data point is reflective of a separate measurement, in
the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE adopted requirements
that damping devices are only permitted to integrate up to the
measurement interval. 81 FR 4086, 4011 (Jan. 25, 2016). Similarly, in
this DPPP TP NOPR, DOE proposes to specify that damping devices are
only permitted to integrate up to the measurement interval to ensure
that each stabilization data point is reflective of a separate
measurement. DOE also proposes that, for physical dampening devices,
the pressure indicator/signal must register 99 percent of a sudden
change in pressure over the measurement interval to satisfy the
requirement for unique measurements, consistent with annex D of ISO
3966:2008(E), ``Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits--Velocity
area method using Pitot static tubes,'' which is referenced in HI 40.6-
2014 for measuring flow with pitot tubes.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to specify that at least two
unique data points must be used to determine stabilization and to allow
damping devices, as described in section 40.6.3.2.2, but with
integration limited to less than or equal to the data collection
interval.
d. Test Tolerances
As discussed in section III.D.2.a and III.C, DOE proposes to
specify unique load points for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration. DOE notes that HI 40.6-2014 does not provide explicit
tolerances around each specified load point. That is, HI 40.6-2014 does
not specify how close a measured data point must be to the specified
load point or if that data point must be corrected in any way for
deviations from the specified value. For example, the DPPP
[[Page 64618]]
test procedure proposes to require testing at a low flow point of 24.7
gpm at or above curve C for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter
pumps. Due to experimental variability and test uncertainty, it is
possible that the recorded data point may be slightly above or below
24.7 gpm. To ensure repeatability and consistency of test results, the
DOE DPPP test procedure must specify how close each measured data point
must be to the specified load point and if any correction should occur.
To develop the proposal regarding tolerances on the measured flow
and head parameters for each load point, DOE referred to the
requirements of other existing DPPP test procedures and programs, such
as ENERGY STAR and NSF/ANSI 50-2015. Specifically, DOE identified that
the ENERGY STAR program maintains a tolerance on the flow rate used to
test pool pumps of 2.5 percent but does not require a
tolerance of the head measured at each load point for the respective
system curve under consideration.\71\ Additionally, NSF 50-2015, in
section C.1.5 of Annex C of NSF 50-2015 requires that each tested pump
at each measured load point must have:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\71\ ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product Specification for
Pool Pumps, Final Test Method. Rev. Jan-2013, section 6.2.A.2, p 4.
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A tested total dynamic head that is between -3 percent and
+5 percent of the total dynamic head specified by the manufacturer's
performance curve and
a tested flow rate that is 5 percent of the
flow specified by the manufacturers performance curve.\72\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\72\ NSF/ANSI 50-2015 Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot
Tubs and Other Recreational Water Facilities, 2015 NSF
International, Ann Arbor Michigan.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The pump performance curves used by manufacturers to describe the
operation of DPPP equipment are often compilations of multiple data
sets and are intended to represent the average operation of that
specific model of pump. DOE understands that the NSF/ANSI 50-2015
limits are intended to capture both manufacturing variability, as well
as experimental variability, and thus represent a worst case tolerance
on flow and head that should be attainable by any given unit within a
given DPPP model.
Conversely, DOE's tolerances on flow and head at each load point
are meant to represent how closely any given pump being tested can
achieve a specified load point, which is subject to experimental
uncertainty but not manufacturing variability among specific units.
Similarly, the ENERGY STAR tolerances apply to a specific tested pump
and account for experimental variability only. As a result, DOE
believes it is more appropriate to reference tolerances similar to
those referenced in ENERGY STAR for the load points specified in the
DPPP test procedure, or 2.5 percent of the specified load
point.
However, DOE notes that the load points are specified, primarily,
in terms of flow and speed for self-priming pool filter pumps, non-
self-priming pool filter pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps
(head is the dependent variable), while waterfall pumps have a load
point that is primarily specified in terms of head and speed (flow is
the dependent variable). That is, for self-priming pool filter pumps,
non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps,
the achievable value of pump total head or head point at each flow rate
is dependent on the specific operating speed and speed configuration of
each dedicated-purpose pool pump. For example, the high flow point for
multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps is specified as 80
percent of the flow rate at the maximum speed at or above the reference
curve (i.e., curve C for pool filter pump with hydraulic horsepower
less than 2.5 hp). Different DPPP models will have different tested
head points depending on if the pump can continuously reduce speed to
achieve exactly the flow and head points on the reference curve, or if
the dedicated-purpose pool pump only has a few discrete speeds and must
be tested at 80 percent of the flow rate load point at maximum speed in
order to achieve a load point that is both at 80 percent of the flow at
maximum speed on the reference curve and at or above the reference
curve head points. In such a case, the head value would be above the
reference curve.
As a result, DOE proposes to specify, for self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps, that the tested flow rate must be
within 2.5 percent of the specified flow rate, which is the
flow rate on the reference curve at the specified speed or 24.7 or 31.1
gpm for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps. For self-
priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, a range of head points
would be acceptable, based on the performance of any given DPPP model.
Similarly, for pressure cleaner booster pumps, DOE proposes a test
point corresponding to a flow rate of 10.0 gpm at a head at or above
60.0 feet. As the flow rate is fixed, but the head value may vary, DOE
also proposes that the tested flow rate must be within 2.5
percent of the specified flow rate for pressure cleaner booster pumps.
For waterfall pumps, DOE proposes to specify that the tested head point
must be within 2.5 percent of the specified head value
(i.e., 17.0 0.425 feet) at maximum speed, while the flow
rate may vary based on the performance of the particular DPPP unit
under test. DOE also does not propose a tolerance on the tested speed,
as the tested maximum speeds are specific to each dedicated-purpose
pool pump being tested.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to require that the tested
flow rate at each load point must be within 2.5 percent of
the flow rate at the specified load point self-priming pool filter
pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and pressure cleaner booster
pumps.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to require that the tested
head point at each load point must be within 2.5 percent of
the head point at the specified load point for waterfall pumps.
e. Power Supply Characteristics
Because input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump, measured at
the motor or control, as applicable, is a component of the proposed
metric, the measurement of input power to the driver is an important
element of the test. As discussed at length in the January 2016 general
pumps TP final rule, the characteristics of the power supplied to the
dedicated-purpose pool pump affect the accuracy and repeatability of
the measured power draw to the motor or control of the DPPP model being
tested. 81 FR 4086, 4112-4115 (Jan. 25, 2016). Consistent with the
requirements in the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, to ensure
accurate and repeatable measurements of DPPP input power to the motor
or control, DOE proposes to specify nominal values for voltage,
frequency, voltage unbalance, and total harmonic distortion; as well as
tolerances for each of these quantities that must be maintained at the
input terminals to the motor and/or control as applicable.
To determine the appropriate power supply characteristics for
testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps, DOE examined applicable test
methods for similar equipment (i.e., equipment typically driven by
electric motors and sometimes accompanied with variable frequency
drives). In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE provided
a summary of tolerances referenced in other relevant industry
[[Page 64619]]
standards \73\ and performed a detailed analysis surrounding the impact
of differences in each power supply characteristic (i.e., voltage
unbalance, voltage tolerance, frequency tolerance, voltage waveform
distortion, and source impendence) on the test measurements and
resultant metric. DOE found that large differences in voltage
unbalance, voltage tolerance, frequency tolerance, or voltage waveform
distortion can impact the performance of the motor or control
(especially variable frequency drive) with which the pump may be sold.
To ensure that such power supply characteristics were reasonable, DOE
also analyzed the typical power characteristics available on the U.S.
power grid and the feasibility of achieving the specified requirements
with or without power conditioning equipment. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\73\ In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE
determined that the IEEE Standard 112-2004, ``IEEE Standard Test
Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators'' (IEEE 112-
2004) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) C390-10, ``Test
methods, marking requirements, and energy efficiency levels for
three-phase induction motors'' (CSA C390-10) are the most relevant
test methods for measuring input power to electric motors, as they
are the test methods incorporated by reference as the DOE test
procedure for electric motors. Other widely referenced industry
standard test methods for motors include: IEC 60034-1 Edition 12.0
2010-02, ``Rotating electrical machines--Part 1: Rating and
performance'' (IEC 60034-1:2010) and NEMA MG 1-2014, ``Motors and
Generators'' (NEMA MG 1-2014). DOE also identified both AHRI 1210-
2011, ``2011 Standard for Performance Rating of Variable Frequency
Drives,'' (AHRI 1210-2011) and the 2013 version of CSA Standard
C838, ``Energy efficiency test methods for three-phase variable
frequency drive systems,'' (CSA C838-13) as applicable methods for
measuring the performance of VSD control systems. 81 FR 4086, 4112-
15 (Jan. 25, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on this analysis, DOE adopted the power supply requirements
summarized in Table III.15 when testing of the input power to the motor
or control,\74\ which DOE is also proposing to adopt for the DPPP test
procedure. 81 FR 4086, 4152 (Jan. 25, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\74\ Under the pump test procedure adopted in the January 2016
general pumps TP final rule, pumps sold with motors rated using the
testing-based method, pumps sold with motors and continuous or non-
continuous controls rated using the testing-based method, and any
pumps rated using the calculation-based method when the bare pump
are evaluated using a calibrated motor to determine pump shaft input
power. 81 FR 4086, 4115 (Jan. 25, 2016).
Table III.15--Proposed Power Supply Requirements for Dedicated-Purpose
Pool Pumps
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Characteristic Tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Voltage............................... 5% of the rated
value of the motor.
Frequency............................. 1% of the rated
value of the motor.
Voltage Unbalance..................... 3% of the rated
value of the motor.
Total harmonic Distortion............. <=12% throughout the test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE believes that, because dedicated-purpose pool pumps utilize
electrical equipment (i.e., motors and drives) similar to that used by
general pumps, such requirements also apply when testing dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. DOE notes that, under the proposed DPPP test
procedure and in accordance with the DPPP Working Group specifications,
all dedicated-purpose pool pumps would require measurement of input
power to the pump at the motor or controls, as applicable (see section
III.D.1). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #8
at p. 6) Therefore, in this DPPP test procedure, DOE proposes that when
testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps the following conditions would
apply to the main power supplied to the motor or controls, if any:
Voltage maintained within 5 percent of the
rated value of the motor.
Frequency maintained within 1 percent of the
rated value of the motor.
Voltage unbalance of the power supply maintained within
3 percent of the rated value of the motor.
Total harmonic distortion maintained at or below 12
percent throughout the test.
DOE requests comments on the proposed voltage, frequency, voltage
unbalance, and total harmonic distortion requirements that would have
to be satisfied when performing the DPPP test procedure for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps.
Specifically, DOE requests comments on whether these tolerances can
be achieved in existing DPPP test laboratories, or whether specialized
power supplies or power conditioning equipment would be required.
f. Measurement Equipment for Testing
In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE incorporated
appendix C of HI 40.6-2014, which specifies the required
instrumentation to measure head, speed, flow rate, torque, temperature,
and electrical input power to the motor. However, DOE noted, in that
rule, that, for the purposes of measuring input power to the driver for
pumps sold with a motor and continuous or non-continuous controls rated
using the testing-based method, the equipment specified in section
C.4.3.1, ``electric power input to the motor,'' of HI 40.6-2014 may not
be sufficient. Instead, consistent with other relevant industry
standards \75\ for measurement of input power to motor and drive
systems, DOE adopted requirements that electrical measurements for
determining pump power input be taken using equipment capable of
measuring current, voltage, and real power up to at least the 40th
harmonic of fundamental supply source frequency \76\ and have an
accuracy level of 2.0 percent of full scale when measured
at the fundamental supply source frequency when rating pumps using the
testing-based methods or with a calibrated motor. 81 FR 4086, 4118-19
(Jan. 25, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\75\ Specifically, DOE identified AHRI 1210-2011, ``2011
Standard for Performance Rating of Variable Frequency Drives''; the
2013 version of CSA Standard C838, ``Energy efficiency test methods
for three-phase variable frequency drive systems''; Canadian
Standards Association (CSA) C390-10, ``Test methods, marking
requirements, and energy efficiency levels for three-phase induction
motors''; and IEC 61000-4-7, ``Testing and measurement techniques--
General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and
instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected
thereto'' as relevant to the measurement of input power to the motor
or control.
\76\ CSA C838-13 requires measurement up to the 50th harmonic.
However, DOE believes that measurement up to the 40th harmonic is
sufficient, and the difference between the two types of frequency
measurement equipment will not be appreciable.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE proposes to refer to appendix C of HI 40.6-2014, as
incorporated by reference (see section III.D.1), to specify the
required instrumentation to measure head, speed, flow rate, and
temperature in the DPPP test procedure. In addition, as all dedicated-
purpose pool pumps would require measurement of the input power to the
motor or control, as applicable, DOE proposes to specify that, for the
purposes of measuring input power to the motor or control, as
applicable, of DPPP models, electrical measurement equipment must be
used that is capable of measuring current, voltage, and real power up
to at least the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply source frequency
\77\ and having an accuracy level of 2.0 percent of full
scale when measured at the fundamental supply source frequency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\77\ CSA C838-13 requires measurement up to the 50th harmonic.
However, DOE believes that measurement up to the 40th harmonic is
sufficient, and the difference between the two types of frequency
measurement equipment will not be appreciable.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on its proposal to require measurement of the
[[Page 64620]]
input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump using electrical
measurement equipment capable of measuring current, voltage, and real
power up to at least the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply source
frequency and having an accuracy level of 2.0 percent of
full scale when measured at the fundamental supply source frequency.
DOE also notes that HI 40.6-2014 does not contain any requirements
or description of the instruments required for measuring distance.
However, measurements of distance, for example height above the
reference plane, are required when conducting the proposed test
procedure, for example when determining the self-priming capability of
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps (see section
III.I.3). As such, DOE proposes to require instruments for measuring
distance that are accurate to and have a resolution of at least 0.1 inch. DOE believes this will improve the consistency and
repeatability of test results and ensure all results are, in fact,
indicative of the measured performance. DOE notes that, while this
accuracy requirement is generally applicable, it is a maximum
tolerance. To the extent that measurement of height or distance is
necessary for determining measured head values, the accuracy of any
distance-measuring instruments is included in the overall accuracy
requirement for ``differential head,'' ``suction head,'' and/or
``discharge head'' presented in table 40.6.3.2.3 of HI 40.6-2014,
``Maximum permissible measurement device uncertainty.'' This is
consistent with the treatment of all other variables, where when more
than one instrument is used to measure a given parameter, the combined
accuracy, calculated as the root sum of squares of individual
instrument accuracies, must meet the specified accuracy requirements.
Therefore, when used in combination with other instruments to measure
head, distance-measuring instruments may need to meet higher or lower
accuracy requirements to conform to the specified accuracies for
measurement of differential, suction, and discharge head.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to require instruments for
measuring distance that are accurate to and have a resolution of at
least 0.1 inch.
g. Calculation and Rounding Modifications and Additions
DOE notes HI 40.6-2014 does not specify how to round values for
calculation and reporting purposes. DOE recognizes that the manner in
which values are rounded can affect the resulting WEF, and all WEF
values should be reported with the same number of significant digits.
Therefore, to improve the accuracy and consistency of calculations, DOE
proposes that raw measured data be used to calculate WEF and the
resultant value be rounded to the nearest 0.1.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to use raw measured data to
calculate WEF as well as the proposal to round WEF to the nearest 0.1
kgal/kWh.
E. Additional Test Methods
In addition to the measurements and calculations necessary to
determine WEF, DOE also must establish consistent terminology and
measurement methods to categorize the ``size'' of a given dedicated-
purpose pool pump, as well as establish whether a given dedicated-
purpose pool pump is self-priming. Specifically, as discussed in
section III.C, DOE proposes to establish different load points and
reference curves based on the rated hydraulic horsepower of a given
pool filter pump. DOE's proposal for a standardized and consistent
method to determine DPPP size is discussed in section III.E.1. As
discussed in section III.A.3.b, DOE also proposes to differentiate pool
filter pumps based on whether they are self-priming. DOE's test method
for determining the self-priming capability of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps is discussed in section III.E.2.
1. Determination of DPPP Size
Industry currently uses several terms to characterize the size of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, including total horsepower, DPPP motor
capacity, nameplate horsepower, rated horsepower, max-rated horsepower,
up-rated horsepower, brake horsepower, service factor horsepower, peak
power, and hydraulic horsepower. The terms, as they are defined in the
industry standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, their definitions, and any
synonyms contained in other relevant industry standards are summarized
in Table III.16.
Table III.16--Summary of Terms in Typical DPPP Industry Standards Used
To Describe Pump ``Size''
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Defined term Definition Synonyms
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brake horsepower................. A term historically HI 40.6-2014
used in the pool, defines this
spa, and whirlpool term as pump
bath industries. A power
term that conflicts input.\b\ Also
with total known as pump
horsepower and shaft
service factor horsepower.
horsepower \a\.
Capacity of the motor............ The total horsepower Total
or product of the horsepower,
rated horsepower DPPP motor
and the service capacity,
factor of a motor service factor
used on a dedicated- horsepower. HI
purpose pool pump 40.6-2014
(also known as defines this
service factor term as driver
horsepower) based power
on the maximum input.\b\
continuous duty
motor power output
rating allowable
for the nameplate
ambient rating and
motor insulation
class. Total
horsepower = rated
horsepower x
service factor \a\.
Full-rated....................... A term used to N/A.
describe DPPP
motors with a
service factor
greater than 1.25
typically. The term
is generally used
for marketing
purposes \a\.
Max-rated........................ A term used to Up-rated.
describe DPPP
motors with a
service factor of
between 1.0 and
1.25 typically. The
term is generally
used for marketing
purposes \a\.
Nameplate horsepower............. The motor horsepower Rated
listed on the pump horsepower.
and the horsepower
by which a pump is
typically sold.\a\
The horsepower
displayed on the
nameplate mounted
on the motor \c\.
Peak horsepower.................. A term historically N/A.
used in the pool,
spa, and whirlpool
bath industries. A
term that conflicts
with total
horsepower and
service factor
horsepower \a\.
DPPP motor capacity.............. See Total Total
horsepower.\a\ A horsepower,
value equal to the capacity of
product of motor's the motor,
nameplate HP and service factor
service factor \c\. horsepower. HI
40.6-2014
defines this
term as driver
power
input.\b\
[[Page 64621]]
Rated horsepower................. The motor power Nameplate
output designed by horsepower.
the manufacturer
for a rated rpm,
voltage, and
frequency. May be
less than total
horsepower where
service factor is
>1.0, or equal to
total horsepower
where the service
factor is =
1.0.\a,d\ Also
known as nameplate
horsepower \d\.
Service factor \e\............... A multiplier applied N/A.
to the rated
horsepower of a
pump motor to
indicate the
percent above
nameplate
horsepower at which
the motor can
operate
continuously
without exceeding
its allowable
insulation class
temperature limit,
provided that other
design parameters,
such as rated
voltage, frequency,
and ambient
temperature, are
within limits \a,
c, d, f\.
Service factor horsepower........ The maximum Total
continuous duty horsepower,
motor power output DPPP motor
rating allowable capacity,
for nameplate capacity of
ambient rating and the motor. HI
motor insulation 40.6-2014
class. Service defines this
factor horsepower term as driver
(also known as power
total horsepower) = input.\b\
rated horsepower x
service factor.\a\
Special horsepower............... A term historically N/A.
used in the pool,
spa, and whirlpool
bath industries,
which may conflict
with rated
horsepower and
service factor
horsepower.\a\
Total horsepower d,g............. The product of the HI 40.6-2014
rated horsepower defines this
and the service term as driver
factor of a motor power
used on a dedicated- input.\b\
purpose pool pump
(also known as
service factor
horsepower) based
on the maximum
continuous duty
motor power output
rating allowable
for nameplate
ambient rating and
motor insulation
class. Total
horsepower = rated
horsepower x
service
factor.\a,c,d\
Up-rated......................... A term typically Max-rated.
used to describe
DPPP motors with a
service factor of
between 1.0 and
1.25. The term is
generally used for
marketing
purposes.\a\
Hydraulic horsepower............. The mechanical power HI 40.6-2014
transferred to the defines this
liquid as it passes term as pump
through the pump. power
Also known as pump output.\b\
hydraulic power.\b\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, section 3, ``Definitions.''
\b\ HI 40.6-2014, Table 40.6.2.1, ``List of quantities, terms, and
definitions.''
\c\ Cal. Code Regs., tit. 20 section 1602, subd. (g).
\d\ ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Pool Pumps-Eligibility Criteria
(Version 1.1), section 1.4, ``Product Ratings.''
\e\ Service factor is not an explicit description of pump ``size'' but
is used is defining related terms (e.g., service factor horsepower and
total horsepower).
\f\ CA Title 20 defines this term as ``service factor (of an AC motor)
means a multiplier which, when applied to the rated horsepower,
indicated a permissible horsepower loading which can be carried under
the conditions specified for the horsepower.''
\g\ Defined as ``total horsepower (of an AC motor)'' in CA Title 20.
DOE recognizes that the DPPP industry terminology related to pump
size is confusing, as there are several commonly referenced and similar
terms. The DPPP Working Group discussed these terms, and ultimately
recommended standardizing the terminology referring to pump size around
the hydraulic horsepower provided by the pump at a specific load point.
(Docket No., EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 56 at pp. 148-173) Using
hydraulic horsepower to standardize the description of ``pump
horsepower'' has several benefits as compared to other horsepower
terms. First, it is a quantity that is directly measurable. In
addition, the variables necessary to determine hydraulic horsepower are
already measured in the industry standard DOE proposes to incorporate
by reference as the basis for the DPPP test procedure (see section
III.D.1). Further, the hydraulic horsepower provides consistent and
comparable criteria to compare pumps that provide the same output flow
rate and total dynamic head (i.e., serving the same load).
Horsepower ratings describing the input power to the motor are
variable, based on the efficiency of the pump and motor for pumps
serving the same load. As a result, in this DPPP TP NOPR, DOE proposes
to consistently refer to and categorize dedicated-purpose pool pumps
based on the hydraulic horsepower they can produce at a particular load
point, as measured in accordance with the proposed DPPP test procedure.
Hydraulic horsepower (termed pump power output)\78\ is defined in HI
40.6-2014, which DOE proposes to incorporate by reference (see section
III.D.1). HI 40.6-2014 also contains a test method for determining pump
power output, as described in more detail in sections III.D.2.b.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\78\ The term ``pump power output'' in HI-40.6 is defined as
``the mechanical power transferred to the liquid as it passes
through the pump, also known as pump hydraulic power.'' It is used
synonymously with ``hydraulic horsepower'' in this document.
However, where hydraulic horsepower is used to reference the size of
a dedicated-purpose pool pump, it refers to the rated hydraulic
horsepower.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to have consistent and comparable values of hydraulic
horsepower, DOE notes that the DPPP test procedure must also specify a
specific load point at which to determine the hydraulic horsepower. DOE
proposes to categorize dedicated-purpose pool pumps based on the
hydraulic horsepower determined at maximum speed on the reference curve
for each DPPP variety and speed configuration (section III.C) and at
full impeller diameter. DOE notes that this is consistent with the load
points for single-speed pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and
pressure cleaner booster pumps, as well as consistent with the high
flow load point for two-speed pool filter pumps. The hydraulic
horsepower at the maximum speed on the reference curve is slightly
greater than the hydraulic horsepower associated with the high flow
load point for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps, as the
high flow point for those pumps is specified as 80 percent of the flow
at maximum speed. However, DOE believes that measuring and reporting
hydraulic horsepower at the maximum speed and full impeller diameter on
the specified reference curve or head value for each DPPP variety would
result in the most consistent and comparable ratings among DPPP
varieties and speed configurations.
[[Page 64622]]
To unambiguously specify the pump power characteristic that DOE
proposes to use to describe the size of dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
DOE proposes to introduce a new term, the ``rated hydraulic
horsepower,'' that is identified as the measured hydraulic horsepower
on the reference curve (i.e., curve C for self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps) or the specified load point (i.e., 17.0 ft
or 10.0 gpm for waterfall pumps or pressure cleaner booster pumps,
respectively) at the maximum speed and full impeller diameter for the
rated pump. In addition, DOE proposes that the representative value for
rated horsepower for each basic model of dedicated-purpose pool pump be
determined as the mean of the rated hydraulic horsepower for each
tested unit measured in accordance with the proposed DPPP test
procedure.
While the DPPP test procedure and standards recommended by the DPPP
Working Group are fundamentally based on the rated hydraulic
horsepower, as proposed in this section III.E.1 of this NOPR, the DPPP
Working Group also recommended that DOE assist in standardizing the
testing and rating of dedicated-purpose pool pumps with regard to other
typical horsepower metrics. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 92
at pp. 319-322). Specifically, the June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations suggest that DOE should investigate a label that would
facilitate proper application and include specified horsepower
information. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation
#9 at p. 5).
DPPP motors often are rated with total horsepower (or service
factor horsepower). As shown in Table III.16, ENERGY STAR, CA Title 20,
and ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013 all describe similar terms to ``total
horsepower'' \79\ as the product of the rated horsepower and the
service factor of a motor used on a dedicated-purpose pool pump based
on the maximum continuous duty motor power output rating allowable for
nameplate ambient rating and motor insulation class (i.e., total
horsepower = rated horsepower x service factor). The rated horsepower,
or nameplate horsepower, is similarly defined as the motor power output
designed by the manufacturer for a rated speed of rotation, voltage,
and frequency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\79\ ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013 defines this term as service factor
horsepower. CA Title 20 defines this as ``total horsepower (of an AC
motor).''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
However, some of the industry definitions lack the requisite
specificity to describe such terms for the purposes of rating and
labeling dedicated-purpose pool pumps in an unambiguous, standardized,
and consistent manner. For example, the DPPP Working Group discussed
how service factors can vary significantly from model to model and are
currently assigned arbitrarily at the discretion of the manufacturer.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 56 at pp. 121-138).
To alleviate any ambiguity associated with rated horsepower, total
horsepower, and service factor, DOE proposes to define the terms ``DPPP
nominal motor horsepower,'' ``DPPP motor total horsepower,'' and ``DPPP
service factor.'' DOE proposes to define these terms as follows:
Dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower means
the nominal motor horsepower as determined in accordance with the
applicable procedures in NEMA-MG-1-2014.
Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower (also
known as service factor horsepower) means the product of the dedicated-
purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower and the dedicated-purpose
pool pump service factor of a motor used on a dedicated-purpose pool
pump based on the maximum continuous duty motor power output rating
allowable for the nameplate ambient rating and motor insulation class.
Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor means a
multiplier applied to the rated horsepower of a pump motor to indicate
the percent above nameplate horsepower at which the motor can operate
continuously without exceeding its allowable insulation class
temperature limit.
The proposed definitions are developed based on the existing
industry definitions for these terms. However, the term ``dedicated-
purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower'' is defined slightly
differently than the terms ``rated horsepower'' or ``nameplate
horsepower,'' which are synonymous in the industry. Specifically, DOE
has proposed to define DPPP nominal motor horsepower based on the
nominal horsepower of the motor with which the dedicated-purpose pool
pump is distributed in commerce, as determined in accordance with the
applicable procedures in NEMA MG-1-2014, ``Motors and Generators.''
NEMA MG-1-2014 describes consistent and comprehensive methods for
determining the nominal horsepower of motors, including motors used in
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, based on certain performance
characteristics of the motor. For single-phase small and medium AC
motors, the design and performance characteristics that serve as the
basis for determining the applicable nominal horsepower are described
in section 10.34 of part 10 of NEMA MG-1-2014, ``Basis of Horsepower
Rating.'' Specifically, the horsepower rating from small and medium AC
induction motors up to 10 nominal horsepower is based on the minimum
breakdown torque for each model, as determined by testing at a starting
temperature of 25 [deg]C. For polyphase small and medium AC motors, the
applicable locked-rotor torque, breakdown torque, pull-up torque, slip,
and locked-rotor current requirements for determining nominal
horsepower are described in section I of part 12 of NEMA MG-1-2014, as
summarized in Table III.17. DOE proposes to incorporate by reference
these sections of NEMA MG-1-2014 into the DPPP test procedure.
Table III.17--Summary of Relevant NEMA MG-1-2014 Sections Applicable to
Small and Medium Single- and Three-Phase AC Motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-phase AC Three-phase AC
Characteristic motors motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Breakdown Torque................ Section 10.34 of Section 12.39 of
NEMA MG-1-2014 *. NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014 *
Locked-Rotor Torque............. N/A............... Section 12.37 or
12.38 of NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014 *
Pull-up Torque.................. N/A............... Section 12.40 of
NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014 *
Locked-rotor current............ N/A............... Section 12.35.1 of
NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014 *
Slip............................ N/A............... Section 1.19 *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Based on testing in accordance with section 12.30 of NEMA MG-1-2014.
Similarly, for direct current (DC) motors, including electrically
commutated motors, section 10.62 of Part 10 of NEMA MG-1-2014,
``Horsepower, Speed, and Voltage Ratings,'' describes the requirements
for determining the nominal horsepower based on the applicable rated
load speed and rated voltages for these motors. To clearly specify how
DPPP nominal motor horsepower would be determined based on the
procedures in NEMA MG-1-2014, DOE also proposes to include instructions
in the DPPP test procedure that reference the relevant sections of NEMA
MG-1-2014.
[[Page 64623]]
NEMA MG-1-2014 also describes standardized service factor values
based on the nominal horsepower rating for open AC motors in table 12-4
of section 12.51, ``Service Factor of Alternating-Current Motors.'' For
AC motors not covered by table 12-4 of section 12.51 of NEMA MG-1-2014,
section 12.51.2 prescribes a service factor of 1.0. DOE proposes to
require assignment of these service factors as the DPPP service factor
for AC motors. Section II of Part 12 of NEMA MG-1-2014 addressing DC
motors does not provide information regarding service factor, as
nominal synchronous speeds are typically not applicable to DC motors.
As such, DOE proposes to assign DC motors a DPPP service factor of 1.0,
effectively making the nominal horsepower equivalent to the total
horsepower of the dedicated-purpose pool pump, consistent with the
convention for rating such motors in the motor industry.
Finally, to specify how to calculate dedicated-purpose pool pump
total horsepower, DOE proposes to specify that total horsepower would
be calculated as the product of the DPPP nominal motor horsepower and
the DPPP service factor, both determined in accordance with the
applicable provisions in the DPPP test procedure.
DOE believes such standardized rating methods are consistent with
the recommendations of the Working Group, would be beneficial to
consumers in selecting and applying the equipment, and are consistent
with existing methods used to rate motors today.
DOE also believes that the methods described to determine DPPP
nominal motor horsepower, DPPP motor total horsepower, and DPPP service
factor apply to all motors that are distributed in commerce with
dedicated-purpose pool pumps that are proposed to be subject to the
test procedures recommended by the DPPP Working Group. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #1-2 and #6 at pp. 1-2
and 5) Specifically, the proposed motor rating requirements would be
applicable to the following varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps:
Self-priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower
Non-self-priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower
Pressure cleaner booster pumps
Waterfall pumps
DOE notes that these standardized horsepower metrics would be
intended to support proposed labeling provisions for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, which are discussed further in section III.G.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to use rated hydraulic
horsepower as the primary standardized metric to describe DPPP ``size''
with regard to specifying the test procedure and energy conservation
standards for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to determine the
representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower as the mean of the
measured rated hydraulic horsepower values for each tested unit.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions and testing
methods for ``dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower,''
``dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor,'' and ``dedicated-purpose
pool pump motor total horsepower.''
Additionally, DOE seeks comment on whether the proposed test
methods are applicable to all motors distributed in commerce with
applicable dedicated-purpose pool pumps. If not, DOE requests
additional information regarding the characteristics of any motors for
which these procedures would not be applicable and any suggestions
regarding alternative procedures to determine dedicated-purpose pool
pump nominal motor horsepower, dedicated-purpose pool pump service
factor, and dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower.
2. Determination of Self-Priming Capability
As discussed in section III.A.3.b, DOE proposes separate
definitions for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps
based on their capability to self-prime as determined based on testing
in accordance with NSF/ANSI 50-2015. As these definitions rely on the
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test method to determine self-priming capability, DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference relevant sections of the NSF/ANSI
50-2015 standard and also proposes several modifications and additions
to improve repeatability and consistency of the test results.
Specifically, section C.3 of Annex C of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 contains the
relevant test parameters, test apparatus, and testing instructions for
determining the self-priming capability of self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps.
In general, the self-priming capability test described in NSF/ANSI
50-2015 consists of situating a pump above the water level of the pool
or water tank and connecting the pump to a riser pipe that is rises a
minimum of 5 feet above the water level. The pump suction inlet must
also be a minimum of 5 pipe diameters from any 90 degree elbow in the
riser pipe connecting the vertical and horizontal segments of the pipe,
as shown in Figure III.6.
[[Page 64624]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.011
The pump is then installed according to manufacturer's instructions
(including initial priming), turned on, and the timer started. The
elapsed time to steady discharge gauge reading or full discharge flow
is the ``measured priming time (MPT),'' which is then adjusted to the
``true priming time (TPT)'' based on the relative diameters of the pump
suction inlet and the riser pipe.\80\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\80\ If the pump suction inlet and the riser pipe are the same
diameter, MPT = TPT.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To determine the self-priming capability of self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps, DOE proposes to follow the test method
specified in section C.3 of Annex C of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 with several
minor modifications to improve test consistency and repeatability, as
well as conform with the proposed definitions for self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps presented in section III.A.3.b. First,
where section C.3.2, ``Apparatus,'' and section C.3.4, ``Self-priming
capability test method,'' state that the ``suction line must be
essentially as shown in annex C, figure C.1;'' DOE proposes to note
that the suction line refers to the riser pipe that extends from the
pump suction inlet to the water surface. DOE also proposes to clarify
that ``essentially as shown in Annex C, figure C.1'' means:
The centerline of the pump impeller shaft is situated a
vertical distance of 5.0 feet above the water level of a water tank of
sufficient volume as to maintain a constant water surface level for the
duration of the test;
the pump draws water from the water tank with a riser pipe
that extends below the water level a distance of at least 3 times the
riser pipe diameter (i.e., 3 pipe diameters); and
the suction inlet of the pump is at least 5 pipe diameters
from any obstructions, 90[deg] bends, valves, or fittings.
DOE believes this modification will remove ambiguity from the test
procedure and the appropriate test setup for evaluating the self-
priming capability of pool filter pumps.
Further, DOE notes NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify where the
measurement instruments are to be placed in the test set up. Based on
feedback from manufacturers, DOE understands that instruments are
typically installed at the suction inlet of the pump. DOE proposes to
specify that all measurements of head, flow, and water temperature must
be taken at the pump suction inlet. It is also important that all
measurements are taken with respect to a common reference plane, which
DOE proposes should be the centerline of the pump impeller shaft. As
measurement instruments may be mounted slightly above the centerline of
the pump impeller shaft, all head measurements should be adjusted back
to the centerline. NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify methods for
performing such adjustment. Therefore, DOE proposes that such
adjustments be performed in accordance with section A.3.1.3.1 of HI
40.6-2014.
DOE also notes that, while NSF/ANSI provides some flexibility
regarding the height, or VL, of the pump above the water level, DOE's
proposed definitions do not provide such discretion and reference only
a vertical lift of 5.0 feet, as discussed in section III.A.3.b.
Therefore, the VL of the test apparatus must be exactly 5.0 feet when
testing the self-priming capability of pool filter pumps that are not
already certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 and variable VL heights are not
allowed. Therefore, to precisely specify how VL would be measured, DOE
proposes to clarify that VL must be determined from the height of the
water to the centerline of the pump impeller shaft.
In addition, DOE acknowledges that the VL used in the test must be
representative of the test conditions to
[[Page 64625]]
ensure repeatability of the results. Specifically, the caption of
figure C.1 also provides that the VL shall be corrected to a standard
temperature of 68[emsp14][deg]F, a pressure of 14.7 psia, and a water
density of 62.4 lb/ft\3\. This ensures that tests performed at
locations with, for example, a significantly higher or lower ambient
pressure, would result in comparable results. However, NSF/ANSI 50-2015
does not provide instructions regarding how such correction is to be
performed. Fundamentally, the vertical height of a column of fluid of
consistent diameter will vary proportionally with the temperature of
the fluid (which impacts the density) and the ambient pressure.
Therefore, DOE proposes that the VL of the test apparatus must be
adjusted proportionally for variations in the density of the test fluid
and/or variations in the ambient pressure. Specifically, decreases in
density would increase the test apparatus VL, while increases in
ambient pressure would decrease the test apparatus VL, as specified in
equation (6). DOE notes that DOE's proposed definition for VL specifies
a VL of 5.0 feet:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.012
Where:
VL = vertical lift of the test apparatus from the waterline to the
centerline of the pump impeller shaft, in ft;
[rho]test = density of test fluid, in lb/ft\3\; and
Patm,test = absolute barometric pressure of test apparatus location
at centerline of pump impeller shaft, in psia.
In addition, DOE notes that section C.3.2 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
describes the instruments that are required to perform the test, but,
with the exception of the time indicator, does not specify their
required accuracy. DOE proposes to apply the accuracy requirements
contained in HI 40.6-2014, which DOE also proposes would apply to all
other measurements made under the DPPP test procedure, to the
measurement devices noted in NSF/ANSI 50-2015, as detailed in Table
III.18.
Table III.18--Proposed Measurement Device Accuracy Requirements for Measurements Devices Specified in NSF/ANSI
50-2015
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed accuracy
Measurement device requirement Source
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elapsed time indicator................... 0.1 min......... NSF/ANSI 50[dash]2015
Gauge pressure indicating device......... 2.5% of reading HI 40.6[dash]2014
*.
Temperature indicating device............ 0.5 [deg]F...... HI 40.6[dash]2014
Barometric pressure indicating device.... 2.5% of reading HI 40.6[dash]2014
*.
Height................................... 0.1 inch........ N/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The 2.5 percent requirement applies to discharge, suction, and differential head measurements, as
indicated in table 40.6.3.2.3, for values taken between 40 and 120 percent of BEP flow.
DOE also notes that NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify an instrument
for measuring distance. Therefore, DOE proposes to require instruments
for measuring distance that are accurate to 0.1 inch. DOE
believes this will improve the consistency and repeatability of test
results and ensure all results are, in fact, indicative of the actual
performance. DOE also notes that this is consistent with the proposed
requirements for distance-measuring instruments in section III.D.2.f.
In section C.3.3, ``Test conditions,'' NSF/ANSI 50-2015 specifies
test conditions for both swimming pools and hot tubs/spas, as shown in
Table III.19, and states that all pumps, except those labeled as for
swimming pool applications only, are to be tested at the hot tub/spa
conditions.
Table III.19--Test Conditions Specified in NSF/ANSI 50-2015
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement Swimming pool Hot tub/spa
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water Temperature................ 75 10 102
[deg]F 10 [deg]F
Turbidity........................ <=15 NTU\*\ <=15 NTU
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units; a measure of how much light is
scattered by the particles contained in a water sample.
DOE notes that HI 40.6-2014, which is proposed to be incorporated
by reference into the DPPP test procedure (see section III.D.1), also
contains requirements for water conditions when testing pumps.
Specifically, HI 40.6-2014 specifies that all testing must be conducted
with ``clear water'' that is between 50 and 86[emsp14][deg]F, where
clear water means water with a maximum kinematic viscosity of 1.6 x
10-5 ft\2\/s and a maximum density of 62.4 lb/ft\3\.
With regard to the temperature requirements, DOE notes that,
although all pumps addressed by this rule are dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, storable electric and rigid electric spa pumps are excluded from
the proposed test procedure, as discussed in section III.A.5. While DOE
acknowledges that some dedicated-purpose pool pumps may be installed in
the field in either swimming pools or permanent spas, DOE believes that
the swimming pool temperatures would be more applicable to the
equipment under consideration in this rule. Therefore, DOE proposes
that tests of self-priming capability for those pool filter pumps not
already certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 be conducted at temperatures
representative of swimming pools. DOE clarifies that this proposal
would only affect those pumps that are not already certified with NSF/
ANSI 50-2015. As DOE's proposal for self-priming pool filter pump
includes pool filter pumps that are certified as self-priming under
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (see section III.A.3.b), pool filter pumps may
continue to be certified based on testing with hot tub/spa water
conditions for the purposes of NSF/ANSI certification. In addition, DOE
notes that the temperature range of clear water in HI 40.6-2014 is
similar to that
[[Page 64626]]
established by NSF/ANSI 50-2015 for swimming pools.
Regarding the specification of water properties or clarity, DOE
notes that the viscosity and density requirements adopted in HI 40.6-
2014 are intended to accomplish the same purpose as the turbidity
limits in NSF/ANSI 50-2015, to ensure the test is conducted with water
that does not have contaminants or additives in such concentrations
that they would affect the thermodynamic properties of the water. In
addition, DOE notes that viscosity is a characteristic of water that
would affect the thermodynamic properties of water, but may not affect
the turbidity.
Therefore, DOE finds the viscosity and density requirements in HI
40.6-2014 to potentially be more descriptive regarding the necessary
criteria for ensuring all pump tests are conducted with clear water.
Therefore, DOE proposes to require testing of the self-priming
capability of pool filter pumps with clear water that is between 50 and
86 [deg]F, as opposed to the existing water temperature and turbidity
requirements contained in section C.3.3 of the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test
method. As the temperature range of clear water in HI 40.6-2014 is
similar to that established by NSF/ANSI 50-2015 and the viscosity and
density requirements are intended to accomplish the same goal, DOE does
not believe that the proposed HI 40.6-2014 requirements would result in
different measurements or results. In addition, DOE notes that, in NSF/
ANSI 50-2015, the reported VL is to be corrected to a standard
temperature of 68 [deg]F, a pressure of 14.7 psia, and a water density
of 62.4 lb/ft\3\, which further obviates the need for elevated
temperature testing.
Section C.3.4, ``Self-priming capability test method,'' of NSF/ANSI
50-2015 specifies that ``the elapsed time to steady discharge gauge
reading or full discharge flow'' is to be recorded as the MPT. However,
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify how to determine ``steady discharge
gauge reading or full discharge flow.'' DOE proposes to determine
steady discharge gauge and full discharge flow as when the changes in
head and flow, respectively, are within the tolerance values specified
in table 40.6.3.2.2, ``Permissible amplitude of fluctuation as a
percentage of mean value of quantity being measured at any test
point,'' of HI 40.6-2014. DOE also proposes that tested pumps must meet
both pressure and flow stabilization requirements prior to recording
MPT. That is, the measurement must be taken under stable conditions.
However, DOE recognizes that it will take some non-trivial amount of
time to determine stabilized flow prior to recording the elapsed time,
which would then no longer be indicative of the time at which the pump
reached that flow and head point. Therefore, DOE also proposes to
clarify that the elapsed time should be recorded when steady state
pressure and flow readings have been achieved, where steady state is
achieved when the measured data remain constant within the permissible
amplitudes of fluctuation defined in table 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014.
Then the MPT would be determined by examining the data and evaluating
when that load point was first achieved. Note, DOE also proposes that
both pressure and flow measurements be required to achieve steady
state, as DOE believes both would be necessary to ensure the pump is
operating at stable conditions.
Section C.3.4 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 then specifies that the TPT is
calculated by scaling the MPT based on the relative diameter of the
riser pipe and the pump suction inlet according to the following
equation (7):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.013
DOE notes that, while theoretically correct, testing with different
riser pipe diameters could affect the accuracy and repeatability of the
results, especially if pipes that are substantially larger or smaller
than the pump suction inlet are used. Therefore, DOE proposes that
testing of self-priming capability of pool filter pumps that are not
already certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 be performed with riser pipe
that is of the same pipe diameter as the pump suction inlet. Therefore,
no adjustment of MPT would be required and TPT would be measured
directly.
Section C.3.4 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 also specifies that the complete
test method must be repeated, such that two TPT values are generated.
However, NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify how these duplicative
measurements should be treated, but does require in section C.3.5 that
both measurements must be less than 6 minutes or the manufacturer's
specified TPT, whichever is greater. However, DOE notes that the
criteria for TPT established in DOE's proposed definitions instead
reference a TPT of 10.0 minutes. Consistent with this intent, DOE
believes that it would be most appropriate to specify that both test
runs result in TPT values that are less than or equal to 10.0 minutes.
Similarly, section C.3.5 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 describes the TPT
criteria that pumps must meet in order to certify as self-priming under
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 and the caption of figure C.1 specifies the VL
criteria applicable to the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test. As noted previously,
DOE's proposed definitions reference a specific TPT of 10.0 minutes and
VL of 5.0 feet. Therefore, DOE proposes to exclude section C.3.5 and
the relevant portions of the VL definition in the caption of C.1 to be
consistent with DOE's proposed definition.
Table III.20 provides a summary of DOE's proposed modifications and
additions to NSF/ANSI 50-2015 to remove ambiguity from the SNF/ANSI 50-
2015 test method, improve the repeatability of the test, and harmonize
the test requirements with the other proposed DPPP test procedure
requirements contained in this NOPR.
Table III.20--Summary of Proposed Modifications and Additions to NSF/
ANSI 50-2015 Self-Priming Capability Test
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE Proposed
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 Section NSF/ANSI 50-2015 modification/
Specification addition
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section C.3.2, ``Apparatus,'' ``Essentially as More clearly
and Section C.3.4, ``Self- shown in Annex C, specify the test
priming capability test figure C.1''. setup
method''. requirements,
where VL = 5.0
feet, adjusted to
nominal
conditions of
14.7 psia and a
water density of
62.4 lb/ft\3\.
[[Page 64627]]
Section C.3.2, ``Apparatus''.... Measurement Accuracy
Instruments (no requirements
accuracy contained in HI
requirements). 40.6-2014, table
40.6.3.2.3, as
applicable.
Section C.3.3, ``Test Water temperature Test with clear
conditions''. and turbidity water between 50
requirements; all and 86 [deg]F, as
measurements at specified in HI
hot tub/spa 40.6-2014.
temperatures
unless for
swimming pool
applications only.
Section C.3.4, ``Self-priming Measure MPT at Measure elapsed
capability test method''. steady discharge time at steady
gauge or full state pressure
discharge flow. and temperature
conditions; MPT
is when those
conditions were
first achieved.
Section C.3.4, ``Self-priming Adjust MPT to TPT Use pipe of the
capability test method''. based on relative same diameter as
diameter of the suction inlet
suction inlet and (MPT = TPT).
pipe diameter.
Section C.3.5, ``Acceptance TPT of 6 minutes Excluded; TPT = 10
criteria,'' and caption of or the minutes and VL =
figure C.1. manufacturer's 5.0 feet adjusted
specified to nominal
recommended time, conditions of
whichever is 14.7 psia and a
greater and VL of water density of
5.0 feet or the 62.4 lb/ft\3\.
manufacturer's
specified lift,
whichever is
greater.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on the proposal to incorporate by reference
the test method contained in section C.3 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015, with the
minor modifications and additions summarized in Table III.20, to
measure the self-priming capability of pool filter pumps.
3. Determination of Maximum Head
As noted in section III.A.4.a, waterfall pumps are, by definition,
pool filter pumps with maximum head less than or equal to 30 feet, and
a maximum speed less than or equal to 1,800 rpm. Therefore, in order to
unambiguously distinguish waterfall pumps from other varieties of pool
filter pumps, DOE must establish a specific and repeatable method for
determining maximum head of pool filter pumps. Based on the
demonstrated relationship between flow and head, DOE understands the
maximum head to be associated with the minimum flow of the pump.
However, DOE also understands that pumps cannot always be operated
safely or reliable at zero or very low flow conditions. Therefore, DOE
proposes that, for the purposes of differentiating waterfall pumps from
other varieties of pool filter pumps, the maximum head of pool filter
pumps be determined based on the measured head value associated with
the maximum speed and the minimum flow rate at which the pump is
designed to operate continuously or safely. DOE notes that the minimum
flow rate will be assumed to be zero unless otherwise specified in the
manufacturer literature.
DOE requests comment on the proposed method for determining the
maximum head of pool filter pumps when differentiating waterfall pumps
from other pool filter pump varieties.
F. Representations of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency
Manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps within the scope of
the DPPP test procedure would be required to use the test procedure
proposed in this rulemaking when making representations about the
energy efficiency or energy use of their equipment. Specifically, 42
U.S.C. 6314(d) provides that ``[n]o manufacturer . . . may make any
representation . . . respecting the energy consumption of such
equipment or cost of energy consumed by such equipment, unless such
equipment has been tested in accordance with such test procedure and
such representation fairly discloses the results of such testing.''
Therefore, manufacturers of equipment that are addressed by this
test procedure would have 180 days after the promulgation of any TP
final rule to begin using the DOE procedure as the basis for
representations. However, manufacturers would not be required to
certify or make representations regarding the performance of applicable
dedicated-purpose pool pumps using the WEF metric until the compliance
date of any potential energy conservation standards that DOE may set
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. However, if manufacturers elect to
make representations of WEF prior to such compliance date, they would
be required to do so using the DOE test procedure.
As discussed in section III.E.1, DOE also proposes standardized and
consistent methods for determining several DPPP horsepower metrics,
including rated hydraulic horsepower, DPPP nominal motor horsepower,
DPPP total horsepower, and DPPP service factor. Section III.E.1 also
discusses how manufacturers currently use a variety of terms to refer
to these DPPP motor characteristics. Similar to WEF, 180 days after the
publication of any final rule establishing such test methods, the DPPP
nominal motor horsepower, DPPP total horsepower, and DPPP service
factor would be required to be based on values consistent with the DOE
test procedure. DOE notes that this includes any common synonyms for
such quantities. For example, all references to capacity of the motor,
nameplate horsepower, DPPP motor capacity, rated horsepower, service
factor horsepower, total horsepower, or similar metrics would need to
be updated to refer to the DPPP nominal motor horsepower or DPPP total
horsepower, as applicable, and generated based on the DPPP test methods
for these metrics beginning 180 days after the publication of any DPPP
test procedure final rule.
With respect to representations, generally, DOE understands that
manufacturers often make representations (graphically or in numerical
form) of energy use metrics, including EF, pump efficiency, overall
(wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power
output (hydraulic horsepower) and may make these representations at a
variety of different load points or operating speeds. DOE proposes to
allow manufacturers to continue making these representations. However,
in order to ensure consistent and standardized representations across
the DPPP industry and to ensure such representations are not in
conflict with the reported WEF for any given DPPP model, DOE proposes
to establish optional testing procedures for these parameters that are
part of the DOE test procedure. DOE also proposes that, to the extent
manufacturers wish to make representations regarding the
[[Page 64628]]
performance of dedicated-purpose pool pumps using these additional
metrics, they would be required to do so based on testing in accordance
with the DOE test procedure.
DOE notes that pump efficiency, overall (wire-to-water) efficiency,
driver power input, and/or pump power output (hydraulic horsepower) are
already parameters that are described in HI 40.6-2014, which DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference in the DOE test procedure (section
III.D.1). DOE believes that further specification is not necessary
regarding the determination of these parameters.
Regarding EF, which is currently the metric most commonly used to
describe DPPP performance, DOE proposes to adopt in the DOE test
procedure, optional provisions that describe how to calculate EF at any
given load point. Specifically, DOE also proposes to establish the four
most common reference curves (curves A, B, C, and D), as shown in Table
III.21.
Table III.21--Systems Curves for Optional EF Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
System curve Definition
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Curve A................................... H = 0.0167 x Q[sup2].
Curve B................................... H = 0.050 x Q[sup2].
Curve C................................... H = 0.0082 x Flow (gpm)\2\.
Curve D................................... H = 0.0044 x Flow (gpm)\2\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, DOE proposes to specify that EF may be determined at
any available speed. DOE recognizes that the existing industry programs
and test methods for dedicated-purpose pool pumps restrict the load
points at which EF may be determined for each DPPP configuration, based
on the style of motor and/or control with which the pump is distributed
in commerce, as shown in Table III.22. However, DOE does not believe
such restriction is necessary for a voluntary metric, like EF.
Table III.22--Proposed Speeds for Optional EF Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pump speed(s) Tested speeds
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-speed.......................... Max Speed on Curves A, B, C, and/
or D.
Two-speed............................. Max and Min Speed on Curves A,
B, C, and/or D.
Multi-speed........................... All Available Speed on Curves A,
B, C, and/or D.
Variable speed........................ Max, Min, and Most Efficient
Speed on Curves A, B, C, and/or
D.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
At each specified load point, DOE proposes that EF would be
calculated in according to equation (8), which DOE notes is consistent
with existing industry procedures (see section III.B.1):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.014
Where:
EF = energy factor, determined at any given load point, in kgal/kWh;
Q = flow rate at any given load point, in gal/min; and
P = input power to the motor (or controls, if present) at any given
load point, in watts.
DOE proposes to incorporate units consistent with those proposed
for the WEF, as recommended by the DPPP Working Group (see section
III.B.1). That is, flow is determined in gal/min, input power to the
motor or controls is determined in W, and EF is determined in kgal/kWh.
DOE also proposes that these load points would be found using the
same test methods proposed in the DPPP test procedure. Specifically,
the measurement of pump input power and flow rate, as well as any other
relevant parameters, would be made in accordance with certain sections
of HI 40.6-2014, with the specific exceptions, modifications, and
additions noted in section III.D.2. However, instead of the load points
specified for each of the DPPP varieties and speed configurations
specified in sections III.C to calculate WEF, pump manufacturers could
determine and make representations regarding EF on the optional system
curves specified in Table III.21 at any desired speed.
If adopted, this means that 180 days after the publication date of
any DPPP TP final rule, manufacturers would only be able to make
representations of EF in accordance with the proposed DPPP test
procedure. DOE believes providing a standardized method for determining
EF at the specified load points would benefit manufacturers and
consumers by ensuring consistent, reliable, and representative
representations of energy performance, based on the optional EF metric.
However, DOE does not wish to unnecessarily limit the extent to which
manufacturers may make optional representations regarding EF at
representative load points that would provide important information to
the customer. DOE believes the proposed specific load points are
comprehensive and represent all EF values that manufacturers either
currently use to make representations, or may use to make in the
future. Therefore, DOE believes this proposal would strike a balance
between not limiting a manufacturer's ability to make EF
representations at desired load points, but would provide the benefit
of additional consistency and comparability of EF values by providing a
specific test procedure and discrete load points at which EF could be
determined.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt optional provisions
for the measurement of several other DPPP metrics, including EF, pump
efficiency, overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power input,
and/or pump power output (hydraulic horsepower), in addition to the
required representations.
DOE also requests comment on its belief that HI 40.6-2014 contains
all the necessary methods to determine pump efficiency, overall (wire-
to-water) efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power output
(hydraulic horsepower) and further specification is not necessary.
Finally, DOE requests comment on the proposed optional test
procedure to determine EF on the specific reference curves A, B, C, and
D at any available operating speed.
G. Labeling Requirements
In the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the DPPP
Working Group recommended that DOE investigate a label that would
facilitate proper application and include specified horsepower
information. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation
#9 at p. 5). As discussed in section III.E.1, the DPPP industry
currently uses a variety of metrics to describe the ``size'' of a
dedicated-purpose pool pump, including nominal motor horsepower, total
horsepower, service factor horsepower, and hydraulic horsepower, among
others. To standardize the terminology and testing procedures for
determining DPPP size and motor horsepower information, as discussed in
section III.E.1, DOE proposed definitions and specific test methods for
determining rated hydraulic horsepower, DPPP nominal motor horsepower,
DPPP motor total horsepower, and service factor. DOE also proposes
specific sampling plans and calculation procedures for determining the
representative values of these and other relevant DPPP metrics, as
discussed in section III.I.1.
To implement the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, DOE
proposes to require labeling of all dedicated-purpose pool pumps for
[[Page 64629]]
which the DPPP Working Group recommended test procedures. That is, DOE
proposes that the labeling requirements be applicable to:
Self-priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower \81\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\81\ DOE notes that the DPPP Working Group only recommended
standards for single-phase self-priming pool filter pumps less than
2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower. However, the DPPP Working Group
recommended that the test procedure and reporting requirements would
still be applicable to single- and three-phase self-priming pool
filter pumps. Therefore, DOE believes it is appropriate to apply the
proposed labeling requirements to three-phase pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-self-priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower
Pressure cleaner booster pumps
Waterfall pumps
For self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter
pumps, pressure cleaner booster pumps, and waterfall pumps, DOE
proposes that each DPPP unit clearly display on the permanent nameplate
the following information:
WEF, in kgal/kWh,
Rated hydraulic horsepower,
DPPP nominal motor horsepower,
DPPP motor total horsepower, and
service factor.
DOE also proposes specific requirements regarding the formatting of
required information on the nameplate and the specific terminology that
is required to be displayed. However, DOE proposes that these labeling
requirements would be applicable to all units manufactured, including
imported, on the compliance date of any potential energy conservation
standards that may be set for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
DOE requests comment on the proposed labeling requirements for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
DOE requests comment on any other information that should be
included on the permanent nameplate or in manufacturer literature to
aid customers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps in proper selection and
application of DPPP units.
H. Replacement DPPP Motors
DOE understands that DPPP motors wear out much more frequently than
DPPP bare pumps and, thus, replacement DPPP motors are often sold to
replace the original motor with which the pump was sold. Although DOE
does not intend to regulate replacement DPPP motors because they do not
(by themselves) meet the definition of a dedicated-purpose pool pump,
DOE understands that it may be beneficial to have a method to determine
an applicable WEF for replacement DPPP motors. This could be
advantageous for replacement motor manufacturers to label their
products and for utilities or efficiency programs to encourage the sale
of replacement DPPP motors that would maintain or increase the savings
of the dedicated-purpose pool pump, as installed in the field.
Therefore, DOE proposes to establish an optional method to
determine the WEF for replacement DPPP motors. Specifically, under this
method, the replacement motor would be paired with an appropriate DPPP
bare pump and the combination would be subject to the proposed DOE test
procedure for that dedicated-purpose pool pump, based on the DPPP
variety and speed configuration.
DOE recognizes that replacement DPPP motors may be offered for sale
or advertised to be paired with multiple DPPP bare pumps, and each
combination may have a different WEF. Since each of these bare pumps
may impact the WEF rating, each replacement DPPP motor and DPPP bare
pump pairing would represent a unique pairing. Therefore, DOE proposes
that the WEF for each replacement DPPP motor-DPPP bare pump pairing be
determined separately. However, consistent with DOE's treatment of all
equipment, DOE proposes to allow manufacturers to group similar
replacement motor-bare pump pairings within a given replacement DPPP
motor rating to minimize testing burden, while still ensuring that the
rating is representative of minimum efficiency or maximum energy
consumption of the group. Specifically, for other equipment, DOE
provides that manufacturers may elect to group similar individual
models within the same equipment class into the same basic model to
reduce testing burden, provided all representations regarding the
energy use of individual models within that basic model are identical
and based on the most consumptive unit. See 76 FR 12422, 12423 (Mar. 7,
2011).\82\ Similarly, manufacturers of replacement DPPP motors could
opt to make representations of the WEF of each individual replacement
DPPP motor and DPPP bare pump combination, or may elect to make WEF
representations regarding a replacement DPPP motor combined with
several individual DPPP bare pumps of the same equipment class, and
rate the group with the same representative WEF value, which would be
representative of the least efficient model. DOE also proposes that
replacement DPPP motor manufacturers would need to make a statement,
along with any advertised WEF value, regarding the specific DPPP bare
pump to which it applies. If no specific DPPP bare pumps are listed in
the manufacturer literature or otherwise along with any WEF
representation, then the WEF value would be assumed to be applicable to
any and all possible DPPP bare pumps. That is, it is representative of
the least efficient DPPP bare pump available for each equipment class.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\82\ These provisions allow manufacturers to group individual
models with essentially identical, but not exactly the same, energy
performance characteristics into a basic model to reduce testing
burden. Under DOE's certification requirements, all the individual
models within a basic model identified in a certification report as
being the same basic model must have the same certified efficiency
rating and use the same test data underlying the certified rating.
The Compliance Certification and Enforcement final rule also
establishes that the efficiency rating of a basic model must be
based on the least efficient or most energy consuming individual
model (i.e., put another way, all individual models within a basic
model must be at least as energy efficient as the certified rating).
76 FR at 12428-29 (March 7, 2011).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on the proposed optional test procedure for
replacement DPPP motors. Specifically, DOE seeks comment as to any
additional details that should be addressed in testing a replacement
DPPP motor with any given DPPP bare pump to determine applicable WEF
values.
I. Certification and Enforcement Provisions for Dedicated-Purpose Pool
Pumps
DOE must provide uniform methods for manufacturers to determine
representative values of energy- and non-energy-related metrics, for
each basic model. See 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2). These values are used when
making public representations (as discussed in section III.E) and when
determining compliance with prescribed energy conservation standards.
DOE proposes that DPPP manufacturers must use a statistical sampling
plan consistent with the sampling plan for pumps that is currently
specified at 10 CFR 429.59. Manufactures would use these sampling plans
to determine the representative values of WEF and other metrics
necessary to demonstrate compliance with any energy conservation
standards DOE may set for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. In addition,
DOE commonly specifies enforcement procedures that DOE will follow to
verify compliance of a basic model. The following sections III.I.1
III.I.2, and III.I.3 discuss DOE's proposed sampling plan,
certification requirements, and enforcement provisions for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, respectively.
[[Page 64630]]
1. Sampling Plan
DOE provides, in subpart B to 10 CFR part 429, sampling plans for
all covered equipment. As mentioned previously, the purpose of a
statistical sampling plan is to provide a method to ensure that the
test sample size (i.e., number of units tested) was sufficiently large
that a represented value of energy- and non-energy-related metrics is,
in fact, representative of the population of units in the basic model.
In the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE adopted sampling
provisions applicable to pumps that were similar to those used for
other commercial and industrial equipment. 81 FR 4086, 4135-36 (Jan.
25, 2016).
For dedicated-purpose pool pumps, DOE proposes to adopt statistical
sampling plans similar to that adopted for pumps. That is, DOE proposes
to amend 10 CFR 429.59 to require that, for each basic model of pump
(including dedicated-purpose pool pumps), a sample of sufficient size
must be randomly selected and tested to ensure that any representative
value of WEF, EF, or other measure of energy consumption of a basic
model for which customers would favor higher values is less than or
equal to the lower of the following two values:
(1) The mean of the sample, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.015
and x is the sample mean; n is the number of samples; and xi
is the maximum of the ith sample;
(2) The lower 95 percent confidence limit (LCL) of the true mean
divided by 0.95, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.016
and x is the sample mean; s is the sample standard deviation; n is the
number of samples; and t0.95 is the t statistic for a 95
percent one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A of subpart B of 10 CFR part 429).
DOE also proposes similar provisions for quantities, such as pump
input power, for which consumers would favor lower values. See 10 CFR
429.59(a)(1)(ii).
Under this proposal, for purposes of certification testing, the
determination that a basic model complies with the applicable energy
conservation standard would be based on testing conducted using the
proposed DOE test procedure and sampling plan. The general sampling
requirement currently applicable to all covered products and equipment
provides that a sample of sufficient size must be randomly selected and
tested to ensure compliance and that, unless otherwise specified, a
minimum of two units must be tested to certify a basic model as
compliant. 10 CFR 429.11(b)
DOE proposes to apply this same minimum sample size requirement to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Thus, DOE proposes that a sample of
sufficient size be selected to ensure compliance and that at least two
units must be tested to determine the representative values of
applicable metrics for each basic model. Manufacturers may need to test
a sample of more than two units depending on the variability of their
sample, as provided by the statistical sampling plan.
DOE notes that the proposed sampling provisions would be applicable
to all energy-related metrics for which a DPPP manufacturer elected to
make representations, including overall efficiency. DOE believes that,
similar to other pumps, an upper confidence limit (UCL) and LCL of
0.95, which are divided by a de-rating factor of 1.05 and 0.95,
respectively, would also be appropriate for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. Specifically, DOE believes dedicated-purpose pool pumps would
realize similar performance variability to general pumps.
In addition to WEF, DOE also notes that the rated hydraulic
horsepower, as defined in section III.E.1, is an important
characteristic for determining the appropriate load points for testing
and characterizing the capacity of a given DPPP model. Therefore, DOE
also proposes a method to determine the ``representative value'' of
rated hydraulic horsepower for each DPPP basic model. That is, DOE
proposes that the representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower be
determined as the average of all the tested units that serve as the
basis for the rated efficiency for that basic model. Similarly, the
DPPP nominal motor horsepower, DPPP motor total horsepower, and service
factor are important characteristics that may aid customers in properly
selecting and applying dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Consistent with
the DPPP Working Group recommendations, as discussed in section III.E.1
and III.G, DOE proposes standardized methods for determining these DPPP
motor characteristics and that such information be included on the
permanent label affixed to each DPPP unit. To ensure such values are
determined in a consistent manner, DOE also proposes that DPPP nominal
motor horsepower, DPPP motor total horsepower, and service factor be
determined based on the average of the test results, for each metric,
from all the tested units that serve as the basis for the rating for
that basic model. That is, DOE proposes specific test methods for
determining DPPP nominal motor horsepower based on the tested torque,
current, and slip characteristics of the DPPP motor. DOE proposes that
the DPPP nominal motor horsepower be determined based on the average
breakdown torque, locked-rotor torque, pull-up torque, locked-rotor
current, and slip (as applicable) for each tested unit of DPPP motor.
The representative values of DPPP service factor and DPPP motor total
horsepower are then calculated based on that representative value of
DPPP nominal motor horsepower. DOE recognizes that, in many cases, such
testing may be performed by the motor manufacturer and, as such, DOE
notes that the tested DPPP motor units and the DPPP units do not have
to be the same units, provided they are representative of the same
population.
Finally, consistent with provisions for other commercial and
industrial equipment, DOE notes the applicability of certain
requirements regarding retention of certain information related to the
testing and certification of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, which are
detailed under 10 CFR 429.71. Generally, manufacturers must establish,
maintain, and retain certification and test information, including
underlying test data for all certification testing for 2 years from the
date on which the dedicated-purpose pool pump is no longer distributed
in commerce.
DOE requests comment on the proposed statistical sampling
procedures and certification requirements for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
2. Certification Requirements
Paragraph (b) of 10 CFR 429.59 contains the certification
requirements for certain styles of pump for which DOE adopted test
procedures and standards in the January 2016 general pumps TP and ECS
final rules. 81 FR 4086 (Jan. 25, 2016); 81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26, 2016).
Since dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a style of pump, DOE proposes to
amend 10 CFR 429.59 to include the reporting requirements for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. The general certification report
requirements contained in 10 CFR 429.12 would apply to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps as they do to other styles of pumps, including
general pumps. However, as dedicated-purpose pool pumps have a
[[Page 64631]]
unique test procedure and metric from general pumps, DOE proposes to
establish unique certification requirements for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps that would require manufacturers to supply certain additional
information to DOE in certification reports to demonstrate compliance
with any energy conservation standards that DOE may set.
Specifically, for a dedicated-purpose pool pump subject to the test
procedure proposed in this NOPR (i.e., self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and pressure cleaner
booster pumps, see section III.A.6), DOE proposes that the following
items be included in certification reports and made public on DOE's Web
site:
WEF in kilogallons per kilowatt-hour (kgal/kWh);
Rated hydraulic horsepower in horsepower (hp);
Maximum speed of rotation in revolutions per minute (rpm);
Dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower in
horsepower (hp);
Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower in
horsepower (hp);
Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor
(dimensionless);
The speed configuration for which the pump is being rated
(i.e., single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed);
For self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool
filter pumps, and waterfall pumps, the maximum head in feet; and
For self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps:
The vertical lift and true priming time for the DPPP model and a
statement regarding whether the pump is certified with NSF/ANSI 50-
2015.
Such data are necessary for DOE to verify compliance of the given
DPPP model, to determine the appropriate test procedure method to
follow when verifying ratings, and to verify the accuracy of
information provided on the label of any applicable DPPP models.
In the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the Working
Group also recommended that DOE require reporting of true power factor
at all applicable test procedure load points in the public information
provided in the certification report for all dedicated-purpose pool
pumps to which the test procedure is applicable (i.e., self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and pressure
cleaner booster pumps). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82,
Recommendation # 7 at p. 4) As such, DOE is proposing that, for all
dedicated-purpose pool pumps to which the test procedure is applicable,
true power factor be reported at all applicable test procedure load
points in the certification report and be made public on DOE's Web
site.
In addition, as discussed above in section III.A.7, the DPPP
Working Group recommended specific prescriptive requirements for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with freeze
protection controls to ensure freeze protection controls on dedicated-
purpose pool pumps only operate when necessary and do not result in
unnecessary, wasted energy use. Specifically, the DPPP Working Group
recommended that all dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in
commerce with freeze protection controls be shipped either:
(1) With freeze protection disabled or
(2) with the following default, user-adjustable settings:
a. The default dry-bulb air temperature setting is no greater than
40 [deg]F; and
b. The default run time setting shall be no greater than 1 hour
(before the temperature is rechecked); and
c. The default motor speed shall not be more than \1/2\ of the
maximum available speed.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6A at p. 4).
Relatedly, the DPPP Working Group recommended that, in order to
certify compliance with such a requirement, DPPP manufacturers be
required to make a statement certifying compliance to the applicable
design requirement and make available publicly as part of their
literature the details by which they have met the applicable design
standard. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6B
at p. 4). The DPPP Working Group specifically recommended that, as part
of certification reporting, manufacturers must include the default dry-
bulb air temperature setting (in [deg]F), default run time setting (in
minutes), and default motor speed (in rpm). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6A at p. 4). Therefore, consistent
with recommendations of the Working Group, DOE proposes that, for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with freeze
protection controls enabled, the certification report also include the
default dry-bulb air temperature setting (in [deg]F), default run time
setting (in minutes), and default motor speed (in rpm).
The DPPP Working Group also recommended that DOE include a
verification procedure in case there was ever an issue regarding
whether a product distributed in commerce actually had such features.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6A at p. 4).
The verification test is discussed in more detail in section III.I.3.
Finally, for integral cartridge-filter and sand-filter pool pumps,
the DPPP Working Group recommended DOE consider only a prescriptive
standard, which requires such pumps be distributed in commerce with
pool pump timers. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #2B at pp. 1-2) Relatedly, the DPPP Working Group also
recommended a definition for pool pump timer that describes the
specific features and operational characteristics that applicable pool
pump times must contain in order to comply with the prescriptive
standard. The recommended definition defines pool pump timer as a pool
pump control that automatically turns off a dedicated-purpose pool pump
after a run-time of no longer than 10 hours. As such, for these DPPP
varieties, DOE proposes the certification report contain the maximum
run-time of the pool pump control with which the integral cartridge-
filter or sand-filter pump is distributed in commerce.
In addition to the required elements, DOE recognizes that other
DPPP characteristics may provide useful information to inform consumers
or support programs related to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. As
discussed during the DPPP Working Group negotiations, the input power
and flow rate at each applicable load point and the EF at multiple load
points would be useful for utilities in calculating energy savings
associated with dedicated-purpose pool pumps in specific applications.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 54 at pp. 5-7) As discussed in
section III.F, DOE is proposing to establish in the DPPP test procedure
specific methods to calculate EF at any desired speed on any of the
specified optional system curves (i.e., Curve A, B, C, or D).
Therefore, to provide additional information to consumers and the
market place, DOE proposes that the following information may
optionally be included in certification reports and, if included, would
be made public:
Calculated driver power input and flow rate at each load
point i (Pi and Qi), in horsepower (hp) and
gallons per minute (gpm), respectively; and/or
[[Page 64632]]
Energy factor at any desired speed on any of the specified
optional system curves (i.e., Curve A, B, C, or D), along with the
tested speed and the system curve associated with each energy factor
value.
While useful to consumers and the public, DOE recognizes that
manufacturers may incur additional burden conducting the testing for
and reporting of these additional metrics. DOE reiterates that the
reporting of these additional metrics would be optional and at the
discretion of the manufacturer.
DOE notes that, as specified in paragraph (a) of 10 CFR 429.12, the
certification requirements for covered products and equipment,
including those proposed for dedicated-purpose pool pumps in this NOPR,
are only applicable to equipment subject to an applicable energy
conservation standard set forth in part 430 or 431. Therefore, the
certification requirements proposed in this NOPR would only be required
when and if any energy conservation standards for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps are established and in effect.
DOE requests comment on the proposed mandatory and optional
reporting requirements for certification of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
3. Enforcement Provisions
Enforcement provisions govern the process DOE would follow when
performing its own assessment of basic model compliance with standards,
as described under subpart C of 10 CFR part 429. Specifically, subpart
C describes the notification requirements, legal processes, penalties,
specific prohibited acts, and testing protocols related to testing
covered equipment to determine or verify compliance with standards. 10
CFR 429.102-429.134. DOE notes that the same general enforcement
provisions contained in subpart C of 10 CFR part 429 would be
applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Related to enforcement testing of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, as
specified in 10 CFR 429.110(e), DOE would conduct the applicable DPPP
test procedure, once adopted, to determine the WEF for tested DPPP
models. In addition, DOE believes that, as dedicated-purpose pool pumps
have relatively large shipments and are generally a high-volume piece
of equipment, DOE should apply the enforcement testing sample size and
calculations applicable to consumer products and certain high-volume
commercial equipment specified in appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR
part 429. Therefore, DOE proposes to use, when determining performance
for a specific basic model, the enforcement testing sample size,
calculations, and procedures laid out in appendix A to subpart C of 10
CFR part 429 for consumer products and certain high-volume commercial
equipment. These procedures, in general, provide that DOE would test an
initial sample of at least 4 units and determine the mean WEF value and
standard error of the sample. DOE would then compare these values to
the WEF standard level, once adopted, to determine the compliance of
the basic model or if additional testing (up to a total of 21 units) is
required to make a compliance determination with sufficient confidence.
DOE notes that DOE adopted enforcement testing sample size and
calculations for general pumps in the January 2016 general pumps TP
final rule. Specifically, in the January 2016 general pumps TP final
rule, DOE adopted provisions at 10 CFR 429.110(e)(5) \83\ stating that
DOE would assess compliance of any pump basic models undergoing
enforcement testing based on the arithmetic mean of up to four units.
81 FR 4086, 4145 (Jan. 25, 2016). To clarify that the enforcement
provisions adopted in the January 2016 general pumps TP final rule are
only applicable to those pumps subject to the test procedure adopted in
the January 2016 general TP final rule, DOE also proposes to clarify
the applicability of the provisions at 10 CFR 429.110(e)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\83\ DOE notes that the 2016 general pumps TP final rule were
originally adopted into 10 CFR 429.110(e)(1)(iv), but a recent
rulemaking reorganized the enforcement provisions for various
equipment, including pumps, to place the pump enforcement provisions
in 10 CFR 429.110(e)(5). 81 FR 31827, 31841 (May 20, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, when determining compliance of any units tested for
enforcement purposes, DOE proposes to adopt provisions that specify how
DOE would determine the rated hydraulic horsepower at maximum speed on
the reference curve, which describes the capacity of the DPPP model
(see section III.E.1) for determining the appropriate standard level
for any tested equipment (if applicable). Specifically, DOE proposes
that DOE would perform the same test procedure for determining the
rated hydraulic horsepower at maximum speed on the reference curve
specified by the test procedure for each DPPP variety (see section
III.C) on one or more units of each model selected for testing. DOE
proposes that, if the rated hydraulic horsepower determined through
DOE's testing (either the measured rated hydraulic horsepower for a
single unit sample or the average of the measured rated hydraulic
horsepower values for a multiple unit sample) is within 5 percent of
the certified value of rated hydraulic horsepower, then DOE would use
the certified value of rated hydraulic horsepower as the basis for
determining the standard level for tested equipment. This would give
manufacturers certainty regarding the appropriate standard level their
equipment would be subject to in enforcement testing. However, if DOE's
tested value of rated hydraulic horsepower is not within 5 percent of
the certified value of rated hydraulic horsepower, DOE would use the
arithmetic mean of all the rated hydraulic horsepower values resulting
from DOE's testing when determining the standard level for tested
equipment. DOE believes such an approach would result in more
reproducible and equitable rating of equipment and compliance
determinations among DOE, manufacturers, and test labs.
DOE developed the 5 percent tolerance on hydraulic power based on
statistical analysis of the maximum allowed testing uncertainty due to
fluctuations in measurements, measurement uncertainty, and the typical
manufacturing variability. The maximum experimental uncertainty is
discussed in HI 40.6-2014, which DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference in the DOE test procedure (section III.D.1). DOE estimated
the manufacturing variability based on the maximum tolerances on head
and flow that are allowed in the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 standard.
Specifically, NSF/ANSI 50-2015 requires that the tested flow be within
5 percent of the pump performance curve and the tested head
be within -3 to +5 percent of the pump performance curve, whichever is
greater (see section III.D.2.d). However, DOE recognizes that these are
all worst-case uncertainties and that testing a unit with the maximum
possible variability in every parameter would be extremely unlikely.
Therefore, DOE assumed that the maximum uncertainty would represent a
worst case. For the purposes of analysis, DOE assumed the maximum
uncertainty was three standard deviations away from the mean
(encompassing 99.7 percent of the population). In this enforcement
testing procedure, DOE proposes to use a tolerance of one standard
deviation. DOE notes that this is also consistent with the tolerances
on flow and head allowed for in NSF/ANSI 50-2015.
In addition, DOE proposes similar procedures for relevant
quantities necessary to differentiate the different varieties of pool
filter pumps: Self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool
filter pumps, and waterfall pumps. Specifically, to differentiate
[[Page 64633]]
waterfall pumps, DOE proposes to establish an enforcement testing
procedure for the maximum head value. Similar to rated hydraulic
horsepower, DOE would perform the proposed test procedure for
determining maximum head (discussed in section III.E.3) on one or more
units and compare the testing results to the value of maximum head
certified by the manufacturer. If the value certified by the
manufacturer is within 5 percent of the test values, DOE would use the
manufacturer's certified value and resultant equipment class.
Otherwise, DOE would use the enforcement testing results to determine
the applicable equipment class and standard level. Similarly, to
differentiate self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, DOE
would perform the self-priming capability test and determine the
vertical lift and true priming time of one or more tested units. DOE
would also use the manufacturer's certified values and equipment class
designation, provided the vertical lift and true priming time
determined in DOE's testing is within 5 percent of the manufacturer's
certified values.
DOE requests comment on the proposed enforcement provisions for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Specifically, DOE seeks comment upon the
applicability of a 5 percent tolerance on rated hydraulic horsepower,
maximum head, vertical lift, and true priming time for each tested DPPP
model or if a higher or lower percentage variation would be justified.
In addition, as discussed in section III.I.2, as part of its
extended charter, the DPPP Working Group recommended requirements that
require all dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with
freeze protection controls be shipped either:
(1) With freeze protection disabled; or
(2) with the following default, user-adjustable settings:
a. The default dry-bulb air temperature setting is no greater than
40 [deg]F; and
b. The default run time setting shall be no greater than 1 hour
(before the temperature is rechecked); and
c. The default motor speed shall not be more than \1/2\ of the
maximum available speed.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 74 at pp. 16).
Relatedly, the DPPP Working Group recommended that DOE include a
verification procedure in case there was ever an issue regarding
whether a product distributed in commerce actually had such features.
Id.
Therefore, based on the DPPP Working Group recommendations, DOE
proposes a procedure to verify the presence and operation of any freeze
protection controls distributed in commerce with any applicable
dedicated-purpose pool pump. The verification procedure would consist
of testing the dedicated-purpose pool pump with the default, as-shipped
control settings in a test apparatus identical to that described in
section III.D for determining the WEF of applicable pool pumps, except
that the ambient temperature registered by the freeze protection
ambient temperature sensor would also be able to be controlled. This
could be accomplished, depending on the specific location and
configuration of the temperature sensor by exposing the freeze
protection thermocouple to a specific temperature by, for example,
submerging the thermocouple in a water bath of known temperature,
adjusting the ambient air temperature of the test chamber, or other
means to simulate and vary the ambient temperature registered by the
freeze protection temperature sensor(s).
The general procedure would begin by installing the DPPP unit in a
test stand in accordance with HI 40.6-2014 with the pump powered on but
not circulating water (i.e., the controls are active and the flow or
speed are set to zero). The temperature measured by the freeze
protection temperature control would then be gradually decreased by 1
0.5 [deg]F every 5.0 minutes, starting at 42
0.5 [deg]F until the pump freeze protection controls initiate water
circulation or 38 0.5 [deg]F, whichever occurs first. The
freeze protection ambient temperature reading and DPPP rotating speed,
if any, would be recorded after each reduction in temperature and
subsequent stabilization (see stabilization requirements in III.D,
which DOE proposes would also be applicable to this verification
procedure).
If the DPPP freeze protection controls do not initiate water
circulation at a temperature of 38 0.5 [deg]F, as measured
by the freeze protection ambient temperature sensor, the test would
conclude and the dedicated-purpose pool pump would be deemed compliant
with the stated design requirement for freeze protection controls. If
the freeze protection controls initiate water circulation, the
temperature would be increased to 42 0.5 [deg]F and the
dedicated-purpose pool pump would be allowed to run for at least 30.0
minutes. After 30.0 minutes, the freeze protection ambient temperature
and rotating speed, if any, would be recorded again. If the dedicated-
purpose pool pump initiated water circulation at a temperature greater
than 40 [deg]F; if the dedicated-purpose pool pump was still
circulating water after 30.0 minutes of operation at 42
0.5 [deg]F; or if rotating speed for freeze protection was greater than
one-half of the maximum rotating speed of the DPPP model, as certified
by the manufacturer, that DPPP model would be deemed to not comply with
the stated design requirement for freeze protection controls.
DOE requests comment on the proposed verification procedure for
DPPP freeze protection controls.
DOE notes that the actual design requirements would be established
in any ECS rulemaking for dedicated-purpose pool pumps and that this
verification procedure would only be necessary if and when any such
requirements are established.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has determined that TP
rulemakings do not constitute ``significant regulatory actions'' under
section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review,
58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993). Accordingly, this action was not subject to
review under the Executive Order by the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management and Budget.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IFRA) for
any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless the
agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's Web site: http://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this proposed rule, which would establish a new test
procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, under the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on
February 19, 2003. DOE tentatively
[[Page 64634]]
concludes that the proposed rule, if adopted, would not result in a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities, as it
would not, in and of itself, require the use of the proposed test
procedure. That is, any burden associated with testing dedicated-
purpose pool pumps in accordance with the requirements of this test
procedure would not be required until the promulgation of any energy
conservation standards final rule for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, as
discussed in section II. On this basis, this NOPR has no incremental
burden associated with it and a regulatory flexibility analysis is not
required.
While DOE maintains that this proposed test procedure has no
incremental burden associated with it when viewed as a stand-alone
rulemaking, DOE recognizes that DPPP energy conservation standards are
currently being considered in a negotiated rulemaking that is ongoing
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008) and may be proposed or promulgated
in the near future. In addition, DOE realizes that manufacturers often
provide information about the energy performance of the dedicated-
purpose pool pumps they manufacture since this information is an
important marketing tool to help distinguish their dedicated-purpose
pool pumps from competitor offerings. While manufacturers may elect to
make such representations regarding WEF or other DPPP energy
performance characteristics, DOE reiterates that making such
representations regarding the energy efficiency or energy use of
covered DPPP models is voluntary and thus the proposed test procedure
does not have any incremental burden associated with it. That is, if
necessary, a manufacturer could elect to not make representations about
the energy use of covered DPPP models. However, given the ongoing DPPP
energy conservation standards rulemaking (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008) and the potential testing manufacturers may elect to undertake
prior to the compliance date of any potential standards, DOE is
estimating in this NOPR the full cost of developing certified ratings
for covered DPPP models for the purposes of making representations
regarding the energy use of covered equipment or certifying compliance
to DOE under any future energy conservation standards. Therefore, while
such is not required yet, DOE is presenting the costs associated with
testing equipment consistent with the requirements of the proposed test
procedure, as would be required to certify compliance with any future
energy conservation standard. DOE presents the results of such analysis
in the following sections.
However, DOE is not determining the significance of that burden
with respect to manufacturers' financial situation or status as a small
entity. As the use of the testing requirements contained in this NOPR
is contingent upon the energy conservation standards rulemaking, DOE
believes it would be more appropriate to analyze the effect of the
combined burden associated with both the test procedure and energy
conservation standards rulemakings in the manufacturer impact analysis
performed as part of any energy conservation standards rulemaking.
Therefore, the estimates provided in this test procedure regulatory
flexibility analysis serve only to provide information about the
possible burden manufacturers may incur while testing pumps using this
DOE test procedure; they do not represent actual burden incurred by the
industry as there is no incremental burden associated with the proposed
test procedure until and unless any associated DPPP energy conservation
standards final rule is published.
1. Burden of Conducting the Proposed DOE DPPP Test Procedure
As dedicated-purpose pool pumps would be newly regulated equipment,
DOE currently has no test procedures or standards for this equipment.
In this TP NOPR, DOE proposes to amend subpart Y to 10 CFR part 431 to
include definitions and a test procedure applicable to a specific
subset of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, including self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and pressure cleaner
booster pumps. The proposed test procedure would not apply to integral
cartridge-filter pool pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, storable
electric spa pumps, or rigid electric spa pumps (see section III.A.6
for more discussion).
In the proposed test procedure, DOE proposes a new metric, called
the weighted energy factor (WEF), to characterize the energy
performance of dedicated-purpose pool pumps within the scope of this
test procedure. The WEF is determined as a weighted average of water
flow rate over the input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump at
different load points, depending on the variety of dedicated-purpose
pool pump and the number of operating speeds with which it is
distributed in commerce. The proposed test procedure contains the
methods for determining: (1) The WEF and rated hydraulic horsepower for
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps,
and pressure cleaner booster pumps; (2) the self-priming capability of
pool filter pumps to effectively differentiate self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps; (3) the WEF for replacement DPPP
motors; and (4) optional test methods to determine additional energy
performance metrics applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. To
determine the applicable measured values for determining DPPP
performance, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the test methods
established in HI 40.6-2014, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency
Testing,'' with certain exceptions.
This NOPR also proposes requirements regarding the sampling plan
and representations for covered dedicated-purpose pool pumps at subpart
B of part 429 of title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The
sampling plan requirements are similar to those for several other types
of commercial equipment and, among other things, require a sample size
of at least two units per DPPP basic model be tested when determining
representative values WEF, as well as other DPPP performance metrics.
To estimate the burden associated with the testing and sampling
plan requirements proposed in this TP NOPR, DOE understands that in
order to conduct the proposed test procedure, each manufacturer would
have to either (a) have the units tested in house or (b) have the units
tested at a third party testing facility. If the manufacturer elects to
test dedicated-purpose pool pumps in house, each manufacturer may have
to undertake, at most, the following burden inducing activities: (1)
Construct and maintain a test facility that is capable of testing
dedicated-purpose pool pumps in compliance with the test procedure,
including acquisition and calibration of any necessary measurement
equipment, and (2) conduct the DOE test procedure on two units of each
covered DPPP model.
DOE recognizes that many DPPP manufacturers already have DPPP test
facilities of various configurations and conduct DPPP testing as part
of an existing manufacturing quality control process, to develop DPPP
performance information for new and existing products, and to
participate in voluntary energy efficiency programs or to submit
information to certain states as part of their energy code. However,
DOE recognizes that, because such testing is not currently required or
standardized, testing facilities may vary widely from one DPPP
manufacturer to another. As
[[Page 64635]]
such, DOE has estimated the maximum potential testing burden associated
with this TP NOPR, which is associated with a situation where a given
DPPP manufacturer does not have existing test facilities and would be
required to construct such facilities to test equipment in accordance
with any TP final rule. In addition, DOE discusses a more
representative burden estimate that DOE believes is more indicative of
the incremental burden manufacturers would likely encounter due to the
testing requirements proposed in this TP NOPR based on the testing
capabilities most manufacturers in the industry currently possess. The
basis for both of these estimates is laid out in the subsequent
sections in terms of physical equipment and testing costs, labor costs,
the combined burden for in house testing, and third-party testing
costs.
a. Estimated Equipment Costs for Testing Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
In the maximum burden case where a DPPP manufacturer would be
required to construct a test lab from scratch, manufacturers would be
required to make significant capital outlays to acquire test equipment.
The first necessary item for testing a dedicated-purpose pool pump is a
water reservoir to hold the water that the pump circulates during
testing. The size of the dedicated-purpose pool pump will directly
affect the size of the necessary water reservoir. Manufacturers
provided estimates to DOE on the cost of water reservoirs for a variety
of sizes. Based on the information provided, DOE estimates the cost of
a water reservoir to be $2.50 per gallon. Because the dedicated-purpose
pool pumps vary in size, DOE is using a 1,000 gallon water reservoir as
a typical size and thus estimates the cost at $2,500 for the water
reservoir. Water conditioning equipment may also be necessary, in some
cases, in support of the water reservoir and to ensure that water is
maintained at the appropriate test temperature (the proposed test
procedure requires testing with clear water between 50 and 86 [deg]F,
see section III.D.2.a). DOE estimates the cost of water conditioning
equipment to be $2,000.
To complete the DPPP test loop, assorted piping and valves would be
necessary to circulate water from the reservoir to the pump and
regulate the flow and head of the water. Multiple diameter pipes,
valves, and associated fittings may be required to accommodate
different size dedicated-purpose pool pumps. The total costs for the
values and piping will vary on pipe diameter as well as the actual
testing laboratory configuration. DOE estimates a cost of $1,000 for
the piping and valves necessary to test the dedicated-purpose pool
pumps within the scope of the proposed test procedure.
In addition to water conditioning, the proposed DOE test procedure
also requires the power supply characteristics (i.e., voltage,
frequency, voltage unbalance, and total harmonic distortion) to be
maintained within specific values, as described in section III.D.2.e.
Specifically as stated in Table III.15, the proposed power supply
requirements must within a few percent of the rated voltage, frequency,
and voltage harmonic distortion. Also, the total harmonic distortion
must be limited throughout the test. In some situations, manufacturers
may be required to acquire power conditioning equipment to ensure the
power supplied to the DPPP motor or control is within the required
tolerances. DOE estimated researched power supplies as well as
manufacturers provided estimates of possible equipment costs which
ranged from $100 to $20,000 for the proposed power supply. This range
of equipment includes a variety of equipment specifications; however,
DOE estimates the cost for power conditioning equipment as $2,000.
In addition to the physical testing apparatus, the proposed DPPP
test procedure also contains requirements regarding the characteristics
and accuracy of the measurement equipment necessary to precisely and
accurately determine relevant measured quantities. The primary
measurement equipment includes flow measuring equipment, pressure
measuring equipment, and power measuring equipment.
Also, as discussed in section III.D.2.d, test facilities would need
equipment to measure the flow rate in gallons per minute to verify that
the pool pump is operating at the applicable load point. Manufacturers
indicated that, for flow measurement equipment, they utilized magnetic
flow measurement devices. These magnetic flow measurement devices vary
in price based on the range of the device to accommodate the
anticipated flow rate from different sizes of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. DOE researched flow measurement devices as well as was provided
feedback from manufacturers about the typical prices of various sizes.
DOE's research indicates that as the size of the flow meter increases,
so does cost. Flow measurement devices ranged from $1,500 to $4,500 per
DOE's research. DOE estimates a typical flow measurement equipment
device to be $3,000 for compliance with the proposed TP NOPR.
Pressure measurement equipment could include a manometer, bourdon
tube, digital indicator, or a transducer. DOE's research indicates that
manufacturers use different options. Each of the different measurement
devices has different prices. DOE estimated the cost of the different
pressure measurement devices and estimates the average cost to be $950.
Finally, electrical measurement equipment is necessary to determine
the input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump, as measured at the
input to the motor or controls, if present. There are multiple devices
that can measure power and energy values. However, DOE proposes
specific requirements regarding the accuracy and quantities measured
for such power measuring equipment, as discussed in section III.D.2.f.
In this case, only specific power analyzers and watt-amp-volt meters
with the necessary accuracy can measure RMS voltage, RMS current, and
real power up to at least the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply
source frequency and having an accuracy level of 2.0
percent of full scale when measured at the fundamental supply source
frequency. DOE researched equipment as well as inquired with
manufacturers about the equipment used and related costs. Based on
information provided by manufacturers and DOE's own research, a range
from $2,000 to $30,000 was found for the potential electrical
measurement equipment. DOE estimates the typical cost for such
electrical measurement equipment as $4,000.
Additionally, measurements of speed, time, height, and temperature
would also be necessary, to perform the test procedure as proposed.
Speed measurement equipment such as a tachometer, eddy current drag,
torque meter, or other equipment may be necessary. Based on information
supplied by manufacturers, DOE estimates the cost of measuring speed at
$250. To verify that the testing fluid (i.e., clear water) is within
the specified temperature range, testing facilities will also need to
measure temperature. DOE estimates a cost of $100 for potential
temperature measurement devices. Also, as discussed in section
III.D.2.f, test facilities would need equipment to measure height to
determine the height above the reference plane for any pressure-
measuring instruments, as well as measure the vertical lift when
determining the self-priming capability of self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps. DOE estimates that the cost of any distance
measuring equipment would be minimal (i.e., less than $10), as a
standard tape measure
[[Page 64636]]
would satisfy the proposed accuracy requirements (see section III.D.2.f
and III.E.2).
Finally, to ensure that all data are taken simultaneously and
properly recorded, a data acquisition system might also be necessary.
DOE researched data acquisition systems and determined they ranged
between $2,000 and $35,000. DOE estimates the typical cost for a data
acquisition system as $19,000.
In total, DOE estimates the cost of acquiring all the necessary
equipment and materials to construct a suitable test apparatus and
determine applicable quantities to perform the proposed DPPP test
procedure as approximately $43,800. However, DOE notes that the
majority of DPPP manufacturers may already have existing testing
capabilities to verify equipment performance, as well as certify
performance under ENERGY STAR, in accordance with applicable state
laws, or for other applicable DPPP programs.\84\ Therefore, DOE
believes the previously estimates $43,800 value is a worst-case
estimate that is not representative of the likely burden manufacturers
would actually be likely to incur. Specifically, many manufacturers
indicated to DOE that they already possessed equipment necessary to
comply with such programs, including test apparatus and suitable
equipment to measure temperature, time, speed, pressure, flow, and a
data acquisition system to compile such measurements. Manufacturers
indicated that they also currently used a variety of power measuring
devices, some of which would be compliant with the proposed accuracy
and measurement requirements proposed in this NOPR (section III.D.2.f)
and some of which would not. Similarly, manufacturers did not indicate
use of any power conditioning equipment, which may or may not be
required based on the existing power quality conditions of the test
facility.\85\ DOE finds it that, at most, current DPPP manufacturers
would be required to acquire new power measurement equipment and power
conditioning equipment to comply with DOE's proposed testing
requirements, for a total cost of $15,000. However, DOE notes that, for
some manufacturers, the cost could be a low as $0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\84\ See section III.B.1 for a review of applicable DPPP
regulatory and voluntary programs.
\85\ Many test facilities may inherently meet DOE's proposed
requirements for power supply characteristics, as DOE proposed to
use values that are likely to be widely available on the national
electrical grid. See section III.D.2.e.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on the capital cost burden associated with the
proposed test procedure, including the estimated capabilities of
current manufacturers.
Specifically, DOE requests comment on the estimate that the likely
capital cost burden incurred by existing DPPP manufacturers would be
between $0 and $15,000.
b. Labor Associated With Testing Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
DOE also estimates the related labor necessary to complete the
proposed test procedure. DOE estimates the cost of labor using the
median hourly wage of $43.40.\86\ Including fringe benefits, which are
estimated to be nominally 30 percent of total compensation, the total
hourly cost to an employer is estimated to be $56.42.\87\ DOE received
information from manufacturers about the typical time required to test
a dedicated-purpose pool pump for ANSI/NSF-50, ENERGY STAR, and other
applicable programs with similar testing requirements proposed in this
NOPR.\88\ Although a small sample size, the time for testing ranged
from a few hours per test to an entire day when completing testing for
multiple programs. The longer testing is a function of the
stabilization requirements of ENERGY STAR that are greater than DOE has
proposed in this document. The expected testing time for this proposed
test procedure is between 3 to 5 hours depending on the number of
speeds and corresponding number of test points. Using the labor rate
established in the previous section, the total cost of labor for
testing a dedicated-purpose pool pump ranges from $350 and $500 per
basic model.\89\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\86\ United States Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor
Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC. http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm. Last accessed May 26, 2016.
\87\ U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2015.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation--Management, Professional,
and Related Employees. Washington, DC. www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/ecec.pdf.
\88\ See section III.B.1 for a discussion of applicable programs
and the similarity to DOE's proposed test procedure.
\89\ The costs are $225 and $450 respectively per unit, but the
minimum number of units is 2 per basic model, therefore, costs are
expressed in terms of basic model.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on the estimated time to complete a test of a
single DPPP unit under the proposed test procedure.
c. Estimated Testing Cost per Manufacturer
To assess the total cost of complying with the proposed DPPP test
procedure and rating applicable DPPP models, DOE estimates the combined
capital and labor costs for DPPP manufacturers. As discussed above in
section IV.B.1.a, based on DOE's analysis, the equipment necessary
could total a maximum of $43,800, but would more likely range between
$0 and $15,000. For the purpose of estimating a ``typical'' estimated
burden associated with testing under the proposed test procedure, per
manufacturer, DOE uses the $15,000 figure.
However, DOE notes that this capital cost would be distributed
across all the units being tested by a given manufacturer. DOE
researched the market and estimates 30 models of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps produced by manufacturers. Manufacturers may also be able to
group these dedicated-purpose pool pumps into basic models, so the
actual quantity of basic models per manufacturer could be less than
this range. (See section III.A.8 for a discussion of DOE's basic model
definition and how individual models can be treated under such a
definition.) To account for this, DOE analyzed DOE's DPPP database to
determine the likely number of basic models a typical DPPP manufacturer
would certify, based on the grouping provisions allowed for in the DPPP
basic model definition. DOE estimates, based on similarities between
some individual models in DOE's DPPP database, that DPPP manufacturers
would each typically rate 15 unique basic models. Therefore, DOE
distributed the estimated capital cost of $15,000 across the
estimated15 basic models to determine the typical capital cost per DPPP
model.
To determine the total burden of the proposed DPPP test procedure,
DOE also estimates the labor cost per DPPP model. DOE previously
estimated the labor cost as a range between $350 and $500 per basic
model. However, as discussed in section III.I.1, manufacturers would be
required to test at least two units of each basic model to determine
the applicable ratings for that model. Thus, at least two tests would
be required per basic model, resulting in approximately 30 tests per
manufacturer, to rate all of their DPPP models that would be subject to
the proposed test procedure. If a given DPPP manufacturer makes 15
basic models and tests 2 units, the resultant testing costs, including
both capital expenditures and labor to conduct the test, are between
$1,000 and $1,350 per DPPP basic model depending on the total labor
time, number of speeds, and number of basic models.
DOE also recognizes that not all manufacturers have in-house
testing facilities and may opt for independent third-party testing.
This may be the
[[Page 64637]]
most cost-effective solution for manufacturers with few basic models,
so as to avoid all the capital cost burden associated with acquiring a
test facility consistent with DOE's proposed testing requirements.
Therefore, to estimate burden for these manufacturers, as well as
verify the reasonableness of DOE's in-house testing estimate, DOE
researched potential testing costs from independent testing labs. Based
on input from third-party labs and manufacturers, DOE estimates the
cost of third-party testing to be $4,000 per unit, or $11,000 per
model.
2. Review of DPPP Manufacturers
To determine the likely testing burden for applicable DPPP
manufacturers, DOE researched the current DPPP industry to identify
manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps and estimate the number
of DPPP models that would be subject to the proposed test procedure for
those manufacturers.
DOE conducted a focused inquiry into manufacturers of equipment
covered by this rulemaking. During its market survey, DOE used
available public information to identify potential small manufacturers.
DOE's research involved the review individual company Web sites and
marketing research tools (e.g., Dun and Bradstreet reports, Manta,
Hoovers) to create a list of companies that manufacture pumps covered
by this rulemaking. Using these sources, DOE identified 21 distinct
manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
DOE notes that the Regulatory Flexibility Act requires analysis of,
in particular, ``small entities'' that might be affected by the
proposed rule. For the DPPP manufacturing industry, the Small Business
Administration (SBA) has set a size threshold, which defines those
entities classified as ``small businesses'' for the purpose of the
statute. DOE used the SBA's size standards to determine whether any
small entities would be required to comply with the rule. The size
standards are codified at 13 CFR part 121. The standards are listed by
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and industry
description and are available at www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/Size_Standards_Table.pdf. DPPP manufacturers are classified under NAICS
333911, ``Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a
threshold of 750 employees or less for an entity to be considered as a
small business for this category.
To determine the number of DPPP manufacturers that are small
businesses and might be differentially affected by the proposed rule,
DOE then reviewed these data to determine whether the entities met the
SBA's definition of a small business manufacturer of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps and then screened out companies that do not offer equipment
covered by this rulemaking, do not meet the definition of a ``small
business,'' are foreign-owned and operated, or are owned by another
company. Based on this review, DOE has identified 5 companies that
would be considered small manufacturers by the SBA definition in terms
of the number of employees.
DOE requests comment regarding the size of DPPP manufacturing
entities and the number of manufacturing businesses represented by this
market.
3. Summary
The final cost per manufacturer primarily depends on the number of
basic models the manufacturer sells. However, based on the previous
assumptions and analysis, DOE estimates that DPPP manufacturers would,
on average, have 15 DPPP basic models that would require rating under
the proposed test procedure and sampling plan requirements, resulting
in an initial testing cost of $1,350 per manufacturer per basic model
assuming that the manufacturers only had to purchase power supplies and
electrical measurement devices that meet the proposed requirements. In
addition, DOE notes that these are not annual costs because DOE does
not require manufacturers to retest a basic model annually. If a
manufacturer modifies a basic model in a way that makes it more
efficient or less consumptive or introduces a new basic model, new
testing is required to determine the representative performance of the
new or modified model. DOE estimates that manufacturers, on average,
introduce new or significantly modified DPPP models approximately once
every 5 years. Therefore, after the initial testing to newly certify
all existing DPPP models, DOE estimates manufacturers would incur
ongoing testing costs (primarily labor because the equipment because
the manufacturer would have the equipment) of approximately $350 to
$500 (depending on the number of speeds tested) per new basic model
introduced or significantly modified.\90\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\90\ DOE assumes that the new equipment for testing is
disaggregated across the initial estimated 15 basic models.
Therefore, any new tests would be related to the labor required to
complete the test.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on its assertion that manufacturers typically
introduce or significantly modify basic models once every 5 years.
As discussed in section IV.B.2, DOE analyzed the industry for DPPP
manufacturing to determine all manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps covered in this TP NOPR. Analysis of the industry determined that
45 percent of all DPPP manufacturers could be classified as small
businesses according to SBA classification guidelines. Although 45
percent of the market could be considered a significant portion of the
overall industry, DOE estimates that the proposed testing would only
incur $1,350 in initial testing costs and $350 on an ongoing basis to
certify new or modified models. These estimates are based on the
assumption that many DPPP manufacturers, including small manufacturers,
are already participating in compulsory or voluntary programs that
require similar testing and, therefore, the burden associated with
testing and rating dedicated-purpose pool pumps within the scope of the
proposed test procedure would be similar to the testing currently
conducted by manufacturers subject to this rulemaking.
However, DOE reiterates that the proposed test procedure and
sampling requirements would not result in a significant impact on a
substantial number of small entities, as it would not, in and of
itself, require the use of the proposed test procedure. That is, any
burden associated with testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps in
accordance with the requirements of this test procedure would not be
required until the promulgation of any ECS final rule for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, as discussed in section II. DOE would analyze the
effect of the combined burden associated with both the test procedure
and ECS rulemakings in the manufacturer impact analysis performed as
part of any ECS rulemaking establishing standards for this equipment.
Based on the criteria outlined earlier, DOE certifies that the
proposed test procedure would not have a ``significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities,'' and the preparation of a
regulatory flexibility analysis is not warranted. DOE will transmit the
certification and supporting statement of factual basis to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the SBA for review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
DOE requests comment on the testing currently conducted by DPPP
manufacturers, including the magnitude of incremental changes necessary
to transform current test facilities to conduct the DOE test procedure
as proposed in this NOPR.
DOE requests comment on the tentative conclusion that the proposed
test procedure will not have a
[[Page 64638]]
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
All collections of information from the public by a Federal agency
must receive prior approval from OMB. DOE has established regulations
for the certification and recordkeeping requirements for covered
consumer products and industrial equipment. 10 CFR part 429, subpart B.
In an application to renew the OMB information collection approval for
DOE's certification and recordkeeping requirements filed in January
2015, DOE included an estimated burden for manufacturers of pumps in
case DOE ultimately sets energy conservation standards for this
equipment, and OMB approved the revised information collection for
DOE's certification and recordkeeping requirements. 80 FR 5099 (Jan.
30, 2015). In the January 2016 general pumps ECS final rule, DOE
established energy conservation standards and reporting requirements
for certain categories of pumps and estimated that public reporting
burden for the certification for pumps, similar to other covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, would average 30 hours per
response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching
existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and
completing and reviewing the collection of information. 81 FR 4368,
4428 (Jan. 26, 2016). As dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a specific
style of pump and the testing and certification requirements proposed
in this NOPR are similar to those established for general pumps in the
January 2016 general pumps TP final rule, DOE believes that the
estimated reporting burden of 30 hours would also be applicable for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. 81 FR 4086 (Jan. 25, 2016). DOE notes
that, although this test procedure rulemaking discusses recordkeeping
requirements that are associated with executing and maintaining the
test data for this equipment (see section III.I.1), certification
requirements would not need to be performed until the compliance date
of any final rule establishing energy conservation standards for pumps.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), unless that
collection of information displays a currently valid OMB control
number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this proposed rule, DOE proposes definitions and a test
procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps that it expects will be used
to develop and implement future energy conservation standards for this
equipment. DOE has determined that this rule falls into a class of
actions that are categorically excluded from review under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321, et seq.) and DOE's
implementing regulations at 10 CFR part 1021. Specifically, this
proposed rule considers a test procedure for a pump that is largely
based upon industry test procedures and methodologies resulting from a
negotiated rulemaking, so it would not affect the amount, quality or
distribution of energy usage, and, therefore, would not result in any
environmental impacts. Thus, this rulemaking is covered by Categorical
Exclusion A5 under 10 CFR part 1021, subpart D, which applies to any
rulemaking that interprets or amends an existing rule without changing
the environmental effect of that rule. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is
required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (August 4, 1999)
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have Federalism
implications. The Executive Order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive Order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have Federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined this proposed rule and has
determined that it would not have a substantial direct effect on the
States, on the relationship between the national government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
products that are the subject of this proposed rule. States can
petition DOE for exemption from such preemption to the extent, and
based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further
action is required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that Executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction;
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines
key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order
12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA)
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a proposed regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may
cause the expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting
[[Page 64639]]
costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy. (2 U.S.C.
1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to develop an
effective process to permit timely input by elected officers of State,
local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at http://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this
proposed rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and
determined that the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate,
nor a mandate that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or
more in any year, so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or integrity of the
family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it is not
necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation would not
result in any takings that might require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has
reviewed this proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy
action. A ``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an
agency that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a
final rule, and that: (1) Is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected
benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
DOE has tentatively concluded that today's regulatory action, which
would prescribe the test procedure for measuring the energy efficiency
of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy, nor has
it been designated as a significant energy action by the Administrator
of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy Effects on the
proposed rule.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788; FEAA)
Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where a proposed
rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with
the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission
(FTC) concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed rule incorporates testing methods contained in the
following commercial standards:
(1) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2014''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 6th Edition, January 29, 2008,
including revisions through March 18, 2014.
(2) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG-1-2014,
``Motors and Generators,'' 2014, section 1.19, ``Polyphase Motors'';
section 10..34, ``Basis of Horsepower Rating''; section 10.62,
``Horsepower, Speed, and Voltage Ratings''; section 12.30, ``Test
Methods''; section 12.35, ``Locked-Rotor Current of 3-Phase 60-Hz Small
and Medium Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Rated at 230 Volts''; section
12.37, ``Torque Characteristics of Polyphase Small Motors''; 12.38,
``Locked-Rotor Torque of Single-Speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium
Motors with Continuous Ratings''; section 12.39, ``Breakdown Torque of
Single-speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous
Ratings''; and section 12.40, ``Pull-Up Torque of Single-Speed
Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous Ratings.''
(3) NSF International Standard (NSF)/American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI 50-2015''), ``Equipment for
Swimming Pools, Spas, hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water
Facilities,'' approved January 26, 2015, section C.3, ``self-priming
capability,'' of Annex C, ``Test methods for the evaluation of
centrifugal pumps.''
In addition, the proposed rule expands the incorporation by
reference of Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014'')
``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' (except for
section 40.6.4.1, ``Vertically suspended pumps``; section 40.6.4.2,
``Submersible pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section
40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation during testing''; section 40.6.6.1,
``Translation of test results to rated speed of rotation''; Appendix A,
section A.7, ``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86
[deg]F)''; and Appendix B, ``Reporting of test results (normative)'';)
copyright 2014. HI 40.6-2014 is already IBR approved for Sec. 431.464,
and appendix A to subpart Y of part 431. 10 CFR 431.463. As such, DOE
proposes only to modify the existing incorporation by reference to
extend the applicability of certain sections to the new appendix B to
[[Page 64640]]
subpart Y that would contain the DPPP test procedure.
Although this proposed test procedure is not exclusively based on
these industry testing standards, some components of the DOE test
procedure would adopt definitions, test parameters, measurement
techniques, and additional calculations from them without amendment.
The Department has evaluated these standards and is unable to conclude
whether they fully comply with the requirements of section 32(b) of the
FEAA, (i.e., that they were developed in a manner that fully provides
for public participation, comment, and review). DOE will consult with
the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC concerning the impact
of these test procedures on competition, prior to prescribing a final
rule.
M. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will report to Congress on the
promulgation of this rule before its effective date. The report will
state that it has been determined that the rule is not a ``major rule''
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
N. Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to newly incorporate by reference two
industry standards related to pump nomenclature, definitions, and test
specifications, which DOE has referenced in its proposed definitions
and test procedure.
Specifically, the definitions proposed in this NOPR, as well as
relevant testing procedures to determine self-priming capability,
incorporate by reference the following sections of the following
standards:
(1) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2014''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 6th Edition, January 29, 2008,
including revisions through March 18, 2014.
(2) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG-1-2014,
``Motors and Generators,'' 2014, section 1.19, ``Polyphase Motors'';
section 10..34, ``Basis of Horsepower Rating''; section 10.62,
``Horsepower, Speed, and Voltage Ratings''; section 12.30, ``Test
Methods''; section 12.35, ``Locked-Rotor Current of 3-Phase 60-Hz Small
and Medium Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Rated at 230 Volts''; section
12.37, ``Torque Characteristics of Polyphase Small Motors''; 12.38,
``Locked-Rotor Torque of Single-Speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium
Motors with Continuous Ratings''; section 12.39, ``Breakdown Torque of
Single-speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous
Ratings''; section 12.40, ``Pull-Up Torque of Single-Speed Polyphase
Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous Ratings.''
(3) NSF International Standard (NSF)/American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI 50-2015''), ``Equipment for
Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water
Facilities,'' approved January 26, 2015, section C.3, ``self-priming
capability,'' of Annex C, ``Test methods for the evaluation of
centrifugal pumps.''
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference UL 1081-2014 into 10 CFR
431.462 and NSF/ANSI 50-2015 into 10 CFR 431.462 and appendix B of
subpart Y. UL 1081-2014 describes, among other things, the safety-
related performance and construction requirements for rating dedicated-
purpose pool pumps under the UL 1081 standard. Section C.3 of annex C
of the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 standard describes the test methods and
criteria for establishing the self-priming capability of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps.
In addition, the test procedure proposed in this NOPR incorporates
by reference the Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014'')
``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' (except for
section 40.6.4.1, ``Vertically suspended pumps''; section 40.6.4.2,
``Submersible pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section
40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation during testing''; section 40.6.6.1,
``Translation of test results to rated speed of rotation''; Appendix A,
section A.7, ``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86
[deg]F)''; and Appendix B, ``Reporting of test results (normative)'';)
to establish procedures for measuring relevant pump performance
parameters. HI 40.6-2014, with certain exceptions, is IBR approved for
Sec. 431.464, and appendix A to subpart Y of part 431. 10 CFR 431.463.
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference HI 40.6-2014, with certain
additional exceptions, into a new appendix B to subpart Y that would
contain the DPPP test procedure. HI 40.6-2014 is an industry-accepted
standard used to specify methods of testing for determining the head,
flow rate, pump power input, driver power input, pump power output, and
other relevant parameters necessary to determine the WEF of applicable
pumps, as well as other voluntary metrics, proposed in this NOPR (see
sections III.B.2 and III.F).
Additionally, these standards can be obtained from the
organizations directly at the following addresses:
Hydraulic Institute, located at 6 Campus Drive, First Floor North,
Parsippany, NJ, 07054, (973) 267-9700, or by visiting www.pumps.org.
UL, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062, (847) 272-8800, or by
visiting http://ul.com.
NEMA, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209, (703)
841-3200, or by visiting www.nema.org.
NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, (743)
769-8010, or by visiting www.nsf.org.
V. Public Participation
A. Attendance at Public Meeting
The time, date and location of the public meeting are listed in the
DATES and ADDRESSES sections at the beginning of this document. If you
plan to attend the public meeting, please notify the Appliance and
Equipment Standards staff at (202) 586-6636 or
[email protected].
Please note that foreign nationals visiting DOE Headquarters are
subject to advance security screening procedures, which require advance
notice prior to attendance at the public meeting. If a foreign national
wishes to participate in the public meeting, please inform DOE of this
fact as soon as possible by contacting Ms. Regina Washington at (202)
586-1214 or by email: [email protected] so that the
necessary procedures can be completed.
DOE requires visitors to have laptops and other devices, such as
tablets, checked upon entry into the building. Any person wishing to
bring these devices into the Forrestal Building will be required to
obtain a property pass. Visitors should avoid bringing these devices,
or allow an extra 45 minutes to check in. Please report to the
visitor's desk to have devices checked before proceeding through
security.
Due to the REAL ID Act implemented by the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS), there have been recent changes regarding identification
(ID) requirements for individuals wishing to enter Federal buildings
from specific states and U.S. territories. Driver's licenses from the
following states or territory will not be accepted for building entry,
and one of the alternate forms of ID listed below will be required. DHS
has determined that regular driver's licenses (and ID cards) from the
following jurisdictions are not acceptable for entry into DOE
facilities: Alaska, American Samoa, Arizona, Louisiana, Maine,
Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Oklahoma, and Washington.
Acceptable alternate forms of Photo-ID include: U.S. Passport or
Passport Card; an Enhanced Driver's License or Enhanced ID-Card issued
by
[[Page 64641]]
the states of Minnesota, New York or Washington (Enhanced licenses
issued by these states are clearly marked Enhanced or Enhanced Driver's
License); a military ID or other Federal government-issued Photo-ID
card.
In addition, you can attend the public meeting via webinar. Webinar
registration information, participant instructions, and information
about the capabilities available to webinar participants will be
published on DOE's Web site https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/standards.aspx?productid=67. Participants are
responsible for ensuring their systems are compatible with the webinar
software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
Any person who has plans to present a prepared general statement
may request that copies of his or her statement be made available at
the public meeting. Such persons may submit requests, along with an
advance electronic copy of their statement in PDF (preferred),
Microsoft Word or Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format, to
the appropriate address shown in the ADDRESSES section at the beginning
of this document. The request and advance copy of statements must be
received at least 1 week before the public meeting and may be emailed,
hand-delivered, or sent by mail. DOE prefers to receive requests and
advance copies via email. Please include a telephone number to enable
DOE staff to make a follow-up contact, if needed.
C. Conduct of Public Meeting
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the public meeting
and may also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion. The
meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing, but
DOE will conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6306). A court reporter will be present to record the proceedings and
prepare a transcript. DOE reserves the right to schedule the order of
presentations and to establish the procedures governing the conduct of
the public meeting. After the public meeting and until the end of the
comment period, interested parties may submit further comments on the
proceedings and any aspect of the rulemaking.
The public meeting will be conducted in an informal, conference
style. DOE will present summaries of comments received before the
public meeting, allow time for prepared general statements by
participants, and encourage all interested parties to share their views
on issues affecting this rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed
to make a general statement (within time limits determined by DOE),
before the discussion of specific topics. DOE will permit, as time
permits, other participants to comment briefly on any general
statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly and comment on
statements made by others. Participants should be prepared to answer
questions by DOE and by other participants concerning these issues. DOE
representatives may also ask questions of participants concerning other
matters relevant to this rulemaking. The official conducting the public
meeting will accept additional comments or questions from those
attending, as time permits. The presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification of the above procedures that
may be needed for the proper conduct of the public meeting.
A transcript of the public meeting will be included in the docket,
which can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the beginning
of this document. In addition, any person may buy a copy of the
transcript from the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposed rule before or after the public meeting, but no later than the
date provided in the DATES section at the beginning of this proposed
rule. Interested parties may submit comments using any of the methods
described in the ADDRESSES section at the beginning of this document.
Submitting comments via regulations.gov. The regulations.gov Web
page will require you to provide your name and contact information.
Your contact information will be viewable to DOE Building Technologies
staff only. Your contact information will not be publicly viewable
except for your first and last names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any). If your comment is not
processed properly because of technical difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, DOE
may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to regulations.gov information for which disclosure
is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and commercial or
financial information (hereinafter referred to as Confidential Business
Information (CBI)). Comments submitted through regulations.gov cannot
be claimed as CBI. Comments received through the Web site will waive
any CBI claims for the information submitted. For information on
submitting CBI, see the Confidential Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to several
weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email, hand delivery, or mail. Comments and
documents submitted via email, hand delivery, or mail also will be
posted to regulations.gov. If you do not want your personal contact
information to be publicly viewable, do not include it in your comment
or any accompanying documents. Instead, provide your contact
information on a cover letter. Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. If you submit via mail or hand
delivery, please provide all items on a CD, if feasible. It is not
necessary to submit printed copies. No facsimiles (faxes) will be
accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that
are not secured, written in English and free of any defects or viruses.
Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
encryption and, if possible, they should carry the electronic signature
of the author.
[[Page 64642]]
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 to 500 form letters
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting
time.
Confidential Business Information. According to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email, postal mail, or hand delivery two well-marked copies: One copy
of the document marked confidential including all the information
commented to be confidential, and one copy of the document marked non-
confidential with the information commented to be confidential deleted.
Submit these documents via email or on a CD, if feasible. DOE will make
its own determination about the confidential status of the information
and treat it according to its determination.
Factors of interest to DOE when evaluating requests to treat
submitted information as confidential include: (1) A description of the
items; (2) whether and why such items are customarily treated as
confidential within the industry; (3) whether the information is
generally known by or available from other sources; (4) whether the
information has previously been made available to others without
obligation concerning its confidentiality; (5) an explanation of the
competitive injury to the submitting person which would result from
public disclosure; (6) when such information might lose its
confidential character due to the passage of time; and (7) why
disclosure of the information would be contrary to the public interest.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments on any aspect of this proposal, DOE
is particularly interested in receiving comments and views of
interested parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on whether all dedicated-purpose pool
pumps are dry rotor.
(2) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for
``dedicated-purpose pool pump.''
(3) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``pool
filter pump.''
(4) DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions of ``basket
strainer,'' ``removable cartridge filter,'' and ``sand filter.''
(5) DOE requests comment on the proposed amendments to the
definition of self-priming pump.
(6) DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions for ``self-
priming pool filter pump'' and ``non-self-priming pool filter pump.''
(7) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``integral
cartridge-filter pool pump'' and ``integral sand-filter pool pump.''
(8) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``waterfall
pump.''
(9) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``pressure
cleaner booster pump'' and whether DOE should consider making ANSI/UL
1081-2014 a required label instead of illustrative in order to
distinguish pressure cleaner booster pumps.
(10) DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions for
``storable electric spa pump,'' ``rigid electric spa pump,'' and
``integral.''
(11) DOE requests comment on the proposed scope of applicability of
the DPPP test procedure.
(12) DOE requests comments on these proposed definitions for
single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pump.
(13) DOE also requests comment on any additional criteria or
specificity that might be required in the definitions to effectively
differentiate the various speed configurations for different DPPP
varieties.
(14) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for freeze
protection controls.
(15) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition of ``basic
model.''
(16) DOE requests comment on any characteristics unique to
dedicated-purpose pool pumps that may necessitate modifications to the
proposed definition of ``basic model.''
(17) DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt WEF as the
metric to characterize the energy use of certain dedicated-purpose pool
pumps and on the proposed equation for WEF.
(18) DOE requests comment on its proposal to test self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps at load points specified along curve
C to determine the WEF for such pumps.
(19) DOE requests comment on its proposal to test single-speed pool
filter pumps at a single load point corresponding to the maximum speed
for that pump on curve C.
(20) DOE requests comment on the proposed load points for two-speed
pool filter pumps, as well as the minimum flow rate thresholds of 24.7
gpm for two-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic output power
less than or equal to 0.75 hp (small pool filter pumps) and a low flow
rate of 31.1 gpm for two-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic
output power greater than 0.75 and less than 2.5 hp (large pool filter
pumps).
(21) DOE requests comment on the load points for two-speed pool
filter pumps with a low-speed setting that is higher or lower than one-
half of the maximum speed setting.
(22) DOE requests comment on the availability and any examples of
two-speed pool filter pumps with a low-speed setting that are not
exactly one-half of the maximum speed setting.
(23) DOE requests comment on the proposal to specify the high speed
and flow point for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps
based on a flow rate of 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on
curve C and head at or above curve C.
(24) DOE requests comment on the treatment of multi-speed pumps and
the necessity to throttle multi-speed pumps on the maximum speed
performance curve if appropriate lower discrete operating speeds are
not available to achieve 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed
on curve C while still maintaining head at or above curve C.
(25) DOE requests comment on the proposed low flow points for small
and large multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps.
(26) DOE requests comment on the treatment of multi-speed pumps and
proposal to test multi-speed pumps at the lowest available speed that
can meet the specified flow with a head point that is at or above curve
C for low-flow (Qlow) test point, similar to the high-flow (Qhigh) test
point.
(27) DOE requests comment on the proposal to use a weight of 1.0
for single-speed pool filter pumps and weights of 0.20 for the high
flow point and 0.80 for the low flow point for two-speed, multi-speed,
and variable-speed pool filter pumps.
(28) DOE requests comment on the applicability of the two-speed,
multi-speed, and variable-speed pool filter pump test methods to only
those pool filter pumps that meet the proposed definitions of two-
speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump.
(29) DOE requests comment on additionally limiting the
applicability of the two-speed test procedure to only those two-speed
self-priming pool filter
[[Page 64643]]
pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic
horsepower and less than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower and are
distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump control (variable
speed drive and user interface or switch) that changes the speed in
response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to
select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2)
without a pool pump control that has capability but is unable to
operate without the presence of such a pool pump control.
(30) DOE requests comment on any additional criteria or
requirements that may be necessary to ensure that the test procedure
for two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps is representative of their likely energy performance in the
field.
(31) DOE requests comment on the proposed load point for waterfall
pumps of 17.0 feet of head at the maximum speed of the pump and the
proposed weight of 1.0 for the single load point.
(32) DOE requests comment on the proposed load point for pressure
cleaner booster pumps of 10.0 gpm at the minimum speed that results in
a head value at or above 60.0 feet and the proposed weight of 1.0 for
the single load point.
(33) DOE requests comment and information regarding if this test
point is achievable for all pressure cleaner booster pumps and, if not,
how such pumps should be tested.
(34) DOE requests comment on the proposal to incorporate by
reference HI 40.6-2014 into the proposed appendix B to subpart Y, with
the exceptions, modifications, and additions listed in section III.D.2.
(35) DOE requests comment on its proposal to not incorporate by
reference sections 40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2, 40.6.6.1,
A.7, and Appendix B of HI 40.6-2014 as part of the DOE test procedure
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
(36) DOE requests comment on the proposal to clarify the
applicability of sections 40.6.5.5.1, section 40.6.6.2, and section
40.6.6.3, of HI 40.6-2014.
(37) DOE requests comment on its proposal to clarify the
calculation of pump hydraulic horsepower to reference a unit conversion
of 3,956 instead of 3,960.
(38) DOE requests comment on the proposal to specify that at least
two unique data points must be used to determine stabilization and to
allow damping devices, as described in section 40.6.3.2.2, but with
integration limited to less than or equal to the data collection
interval.
(39) DOE requests comment on its proposal to require that the
tested flow rate at each load point must be within 2.5
percent of the flow rate at the specified load point self-priming pool
filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and pressure cleaner
booster pumps.
(40) DOE requests comment on its proposal to require that the
tested head point at each load point must be within 2.5
percent of the head point at the specified load point for waterfall
pumps.
(41) DOE requests comments on the proposed voltage, frequency,
voltage unbalance, and total harmonic distortion requirements that
would have to be satisfied when performing the DPPP test procedure for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
(42) Specifically, DOE requests comments on whether these
tolerances can be achieved in existing DPPP test laboratories, or
whether specialized power supplies or power conditioning equipment
would be required.
(43) DOE requests comment on its proposal to require measurement of
the input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump using electrical
measurement equipment capable of measuring current, voltage, and real
power up to at least the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply source
frequency and having an accuracy level of 2.0 percent of
full scale when measured at the fundamental supply source frequency.
(44) DOE requests comment on the proposal to require instruments
for measuring distance that are accurate to and have a resolution of at
least 0.1 inch.
(45) DOE requests comment on the proposal to use raw measured data
to calculate WEF as well as the proposal to round WEF to the nearest
0.1 kgal/kWh.
(46) DOE requests comment on the proposal to use rated hydraulic
horsepower as the primary standardized metric to describe DPPP ``size''
with regard to specifying the test procedure and energy conservation
standards for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
(47) DOE requests comment on the proposal to determine the
representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower as the mean of the
measured rated hydraulic horsepower values for each tested unit.
(48) DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions and testing
methods for ``dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower,''
``dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor,'' and ``dedicated-purpose
pool pump motor total horsepower.''
(49) DOE seeks comment on whether the proposed test methods are
applicable to all motors distributed in commerce with applicable
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. If not, DOE requests additional
information regarding the characteristics of any motors for which these
procedures would not be applicable and any suggestions regarding
alternative procedures to determine dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal
motor horsepower, dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor, and
dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower.
(50) DOE requests comment on the proposal to incorporate by
reference the test method contained in section C.3 of NSF/ANSI 50 2015,
with the minor modifications and additions summarized in Table III.20,
to measure the self-priming capability of pool filter pumps.
(51) DOE requests comment on the proposed method for determining
the maximum head of pool filter pumps when differentiating waterfall
pumps from other pool filter pump varieties.
(52) DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt optional
provisions for the measurement of several other DPPP metrics, including
EF, pump efficiency, overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power
input, and/or pump power output (hydraulic horsepower), in addition to
the required representations.
(53) DOE requests comment on its belief that HI 40.6-2014 contains
all the necessary methods to determine pump efficiency, overall (wire-
to-water) efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power output
(hydraulic horsepower) and further specification is not necessary.
(54) DOE requests comment on the proposed optional test procedure
to determine EF on the specific reference curves A, B, C, and D at any
available operating speed.
(55) DOE requests comment on the proposed labeling requirements for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
(56) DOE requests comment on any other information that should be
included on the permanent nameplate or in manufacturer literature to
aid customers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps in proper selection and
application of DPPP units.
(57) DOE requests comment on the proposed optional test procedure
for replacement DPPP motors. Specifically, DOE seeks comment as to any
additional details that should be addressed in testing a replacement
DPPP motor with any given DPPP bare
[[Page 64644]]
pump to determine applicable WEF values.
(58) DOE requests comment on the proposed statistical sampling
procedures and certification requirements for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
(59) DOE requests comment on the proposed mandatory and optional
reporting requirements for certification of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
(60) DOE requests comment on the proposed enforcement provisions
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Specifically, DOE seeks comment upon
the applicability of a 5 percent tolerance on rated hydraulic
horsepower, maximum head, vertical lift, and true priming time for each
tested DPPP model or if a higher or lower percentage variation would be
justified.
(61) DOE requests comment on the proposed verification procedure
for DPPP freeze protection controls.
(62) DOE requests comment on the capital cost burden associated
with the proposed test procedure, including the estimated capabilities
of current manufacturers.
(63) DOE requests comment on the estimate that the likely capital
cost burden incurred by existing DPPP manufacturers would be between $0
and $15,000.
(64) DOE requests comment on the estimated time to complete a test
of a single DPPP unit under the proposed test procedure.
(65) DOE requests comment regarding the size of DPPP manufacturing
entities and the number of manufacturing businesses represented by this
market.
(66) DOE requests comment on its assertion that manufacturers
typically introduce or significantly modify basic models once every 5
years.
(67) DOE requests comment on the testing currently conducted by
DPPP manufacturers, including the magnitude of incremental changes
necessary to transform current test facilities to conduct the DOE test
procedure as proposed in this NOPR.
(68) DOE requests comment on the tentative conclusion that the
proposed test procedure will not have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this proposed
rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Imports, Intergovernmental relations,
Small businesses.
10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Imports, Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Small businesses.
Issued in Washington, DC, on August 25, 2016.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE proposes to amend parts
429 and 431 of chapter II, subchapter D of title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.59 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a)(1)(ii); and
0
b. Adding paragraphs (a)(2), (b)(2)(iv) and (v), and (b)(3)(iv).
The revision and additions read as follows:
Sec. 429.59 Pumps.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
(ii) Any representation of weighted energy factor or other measure
of energy efficiency of a basic model must be less than or equal to the
lower of:
(A) The mean of the sample, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.017
and x is the sample mean; n is the number of samples; and xi
is the maximum of the ith sample;
Or,
(B) The lower 95 percent confidence limit (LCL) of the true mean
divided by 0.95, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.018
and x is the sample mean; s is the sample standard deviation; n is the
number of samples; and t0.95 is the t statistic for a 95
percent one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A of this subpart).
(2) Other representations--(i) Rated hydraulic horsepower. The
representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower of a basic model of
dedicated-purpose pool pump must be the mean of the rated hydraulic
horsepower for each tested unit.
(ii) Dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower. The
representative value of dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor
horsepower of a basic model of dedicated-purpose pool pump must be
determined based on the mean of the breakdown torque, locked-rotor
torque, pull-up torque, locked-rotor current, slip, speed and/or
voltage (as applicable) for each tested unit. The tested sample of
dedicated-purpose pool pump motor units and the tested sample of
dedicated-purpose pool pump units do not have to be the same units,
provided they are representative of the same population.
(iii) Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower. The
representative value of dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower of a basic model of dedicated-purpose pool pump must be
determined based on the representative values of dedicated-purpose pool
pump service factor and dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor
horsepower.
(iv) Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor. The representative
value of dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor of a basic model of
dedicated-purpose pool pump must be determined based on the
representative value of dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor
horsepower.
(v) True power factor. The representative value of true power
factor of a basic model of dedicated-purpose pool pump must be
determined based on the mean of the true power factors for each tested
unit of dedicated-purpose pool pump motor.
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) For a dedicated-purpose pool pump subject to the test methods
prescribed in appendix B to subpart Y of part 431 of this chapter:
Weighted energy factor (WEF) in kilogallons per kilowatt-hour (kgal/
kWh); rated hydraulic horsepower in horsepower (hp); the speed
configuration for which the pump is being rated (i.e., single-speed,
two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed); true power factor at all
applicable test procedure load points, as specified in Table 1 of
appendix B to subpart Y of part 431; dedicated-purpose pool pump
nominal motor horsepower in horsepower (hp);
[[Page 64645]]
dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower in horsepower (hp);
dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor (dimensionless); for self-
priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and
waterfall pumps: the maximum head (in feet), and a statement regarding
if freeze protection is shipped enabled or disabled; for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with freeze protection
controls enabled: The default dry-bulb air temperature setting (in
[deg]F), default run time setting (in minutes), and default motor speed
(in rpm); and, for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps:
The vertical lift (in feet) and true priming time (in minutes) for the
DPPP model and a statement regarding whether the pump is certified with
NSF/ANSI 50-2015.
(v) For integral cartridge-filter and sand-filter pool pumps, the
maximum run-time (in hours) of the pool pump control with which the
integral cartridge-filter or sand-filter pump is distributed in
commerce.
(3) * * *
(iv) For a dedicated-purpose pool pump subject to the test methods
prescribed in appendix B to subpart Y of part 431 of this chapter:
calculated driver power input and flow rate at each load point i
(Pi and Qi), in horsepower (hp) and gallons per
minute (gpm), respectively; and/or energy factor (EFX,s) at
any desired speed s on any of the optional system curves specified in
Table 4 of this appendix A, along with the tested speed s in rpm and
the system curve letter (i.e., A, B, C, or D) associated with each EF
value.
* * * * *
0
3. Section 429.110 is amended by revising paragraphs (e)(1) and (5) to
read as follows:
Sec. 429.110 Enforcement testing.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) For products with applicable energy conservation standard(s) in
Sec. 430.32 of this chapter, and commercial prerinse spray valves,
illuminated exit signs, traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules,
commercial clothes washers, dedicated-purpose pool pumps, and metal
halide lamp ballasts, DOE will use a sample size of not more than 21
units and follow the sampling plans in appendix A of this subpart
(Sampling for Enforcement Testing of Covered Consumer Products and
Certain High-Volume Commercial Equipment).
* * * * *
(5) For pumps subject to the standards specified in Sec.
431.465(a) of this chapter, DOE will use an initial sample size of not
more than four units and will determine compliance based on the
arithmetic mean of the sample.
* * * * *
0
4. Section 429.134 is amended by revising paragraph (i) to read as
follows:
Sec. 429.134 Product-specific enforcement provisions.
* * * * *
(i) Pumps--(1) General purpose pumps. (i) The volume rate of flow
(flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation of each tested unit of
the basic model will be measured pursuant to the test requirements of
Sec. 431.464 of this chapter, where the value of volume rate of flow
(flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation certified by the
manufacturer will be treated as the expected BEP flow rate. The results
of the measurement(s) will be compared to the value of volume rate of
flow (flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation certified by the
manufacturer. The certified volume rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and
nominal speed of rotation will be considered valid only if the
measurement(s) (either the measured volume rate of flow (flow rate) at
BEP and nominal speed of rotation for a single unit sample or the
average of the measured flow rates for a multiple unit sample) is
within five percent of the certified volume rate of flow (flow rate) at
BEP and nominal speed of rotation.
(A) If the representative value of volume rate of flow (flow rate)
at BEP and nominal speed of rotation is found to be valid, the measured
volume rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation
will be used in subsequent calculations of constant load pump energy
rating (PERCL) and constant load pump energy index
(PEICL) or variable load pump energy rating
(PERVL) and variable load pump energy index
(PEIVL) for that basic model.
(B) If the representative value of volume rate of flow (flow rate)
at BEP and nominal speed of rotation is found to be invalid, the mean
of all the measured volume rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and nominal
speed of rotation values determined from the tested unit(s) will serve
as the new expected BEP flow rate and the unit(s) will be retested
until such time as the measured rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and
nominal speed of rotation is within 5 percent of the expected BEP flow
rate.
(ii) DOE will test each pump unit according to the test method
specified by the manufacturer in the certification report submitted
pursuant to Sec. 429.59(b).
(2) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (i) The rated hydraulic
horsepower of each tested unit of the basic model of dedicated-purpose
pool pump will be measured pursuant to the test requirements of Sec.
431.464(b) of this chapter and the result of the measurement(s) will be
compared to the value of rated hydraulic horsepower certified by the
manufacturer. The certified rated hydraulic horsepower will be
considered valid only if the measurement(s) (either the measured rated
hydraulic horsepower for a single unit sample or the average of the
measured rated hydraulic horsepower values for a multiple unit sample)
is within 5 percent of the certified rated hydraulic horsepower.
(A) If the representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower is
found to be valid, the value of rated hydraulic horsepower certified by
the manufacturer will be used to determine the standard level for that
basic model.
(B) If the representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower is
found to be invalid, the mean of all the measured rated hydraulic
horsepower values determined from the tested unit(s) will be used to
determine the standard level for that basic model.
(ii) To verify the self-priming capability of non-self-priming pool
filter pumps and of self-priming pool filter pumps that are not
certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015, the vertical lift and true priming
time of each tested unit of the basic model of self-priming or non-
self-priming pool filter pump will be measured pursuant to the test
requirements of Sec. 431.464(b) of this chapter and the result of the
measurement(s) will be compared to the values of vertical lift and true
priming time certified by the manufacturer. The certified values of
vertical lift and true priming time will be considered valid only if
the measurement(s) (either the measured vertical lift and true priming
time for a single unit sample or the average of vertical lift and true
priming time values, respectively, for a multiple unit sample) is
within 5 percent of the certified values of vertical lift and true
priming time.
(A) If the representative values of vertical lift and true priming
time are found to be valid, the values of vertical lift and true
priming time certified by the manufacturer will be used to determine
the appropriate equipment class and standard level for that basic
model.
(B) If the representative values of vertical lift or true priming
time are found to be invalid, the mean of the values of vertical lift
and true priming time determined from the tested unit(s)
[[Page 64646]]
will be used to determine the appropriate equipment class standard
level for that basic model.
(iii) To verify the maximum head of self-priming pool filter pump,
non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and waterfall pumps, the maximum
head of each tested unit of the basic model of self-priming pool filter
pump, non-self-priming pool filter pump, or waterfall pump will be
measured pursuant to the test requirements of Sec. 431.464(b) of this
chapter and the result of the measurement(s) will be compared to the
value of maximum head certified by the manufacturer. The certified
value of maximum head will be considered valid only if the
measurement(s) (either the measured maximum head for a single unit
sample or the average of the maximum head values for a multiple unit
sample) is within 5 percent of the certified values of maximum head.
(A) If the representative value of maximum head is found to be
valid, the value of maximum head certified by the manufacturer will be
used to determine the appropriate equipment class and standard level
for that basic model.
(B) If the representative value of maximum head is found to be
invalid, the measured value(s) of maximum head determined from the
tested unit(s) will be used to determine the appropriate equipment
class standard level for that basic model.
(iv) To verify that a DPPP model complies with the applicable
freeze protection control design requirements, the initiation
temperature, run-time, and speed of rotation of the default control
configuration of each tested unit of the basic model of dedicated-
purpose pool pump will be evaluated according to the procedure
specified in paragraph (i)(2)(iv)(A) of this section:
(A) DPPP freeze protection control test method. (1) Set up and
configure the dedicated-purpose pool pump under test according to the
manufacturer instructions, including any necessary initial priming, in
a test apparatus as described in appendix A of HI 40.6-2014
(Incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463), except that the ambient
temperature registered by the freeze protection ambient temperature
sensor will be able to be controlled by, for example, exposing the
freeze protection temperature sensor to a specific temperature by
submerging the sensor in a water bath of known temperature, adjusting
the actual ambient air temperature of the test chamber, or other means
that allows the ambient temperature registered by the freeze protection
temperature sensor to be reliably simulated and varied.
(2) Activate power to the pump with the flow rate set to zero
(i.e., the pump is energized but not circulating water). Set the
ambient temperature to 42 0.5 [deg]F and allow the
temperature to stabilize, where stability is determined in accordance
with section 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014 (Incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463). After 5 minutes, decrease the temperature measured by
the freeze protection temperature control 1 0.5 [deg]F and
allow the temperature to stabilize. Record the freeze protection
ambient temperature reading, where the ``freeze protection ambient
temperature reading'' is representative of the temperature measured by
the freeze protection ambient temperature sensor, which may be recorded
by a variety of means depending on how the temperature is being
simulated and controlled, and DPPP rotating speed, if any, after each
reduction in temperature and subsequent stabilization. If no flow is
initiated, record zero or no flow. Continue decreasing the temperature
measured by the freeze protection temperature control 1
0.5 [deg]F after 5.0 minutes of stable operation at the previous
temperature reading until the pump freeze protection initiates water
circulation or until the ambient temperature of 38 0.5
[deg]F has been evaluated (i.e., the end of the 5 minute interval of 38
[deg]F), whichever occurs first.
(3) If and when the DPPP freeze protection controls initiate water
circulation, increase the ambient temperature reading registered by the
freeze protection temperature sensor to a temperature of 42 0.5 [deg]F and maintain that temperature for at least 30.0
minutes. Do not modify or interfere with the operation of the DPPP
freeze protection operating cycle. After at least 30.0 minutes, record
the freeze protection ambient temperature and rotating speed, if any,
of the dedicated-purpose pool pump under test.
(B) If the dedicated-purpose pool pump initiates water circulation
at a temperature greater than 40.0 [deg]F; if the dedicated-purpose
pool pump was still circulating water after 30.0 minutes of operation
at 42.0 0.5 [deg]F; or if rotating speed measured at any
point during the DPPP freeze protection control test in paragraph
(i)(2)(iii)(A) of this section was greater than one-half of the maximum
rotating speed of the DPPP model certified by the manufacturer, that
DPPP model is deemed to not comply with the design requirement for
freeze protection controls.
(C) If none of the conditions specified in paragraph (i)(2)(iv)(B)
of this section and Sec. 431.134 of this chapter are met, including if
the DPPP freeze protection control does not initiate water circulation
at all during the test, the dedicated-purpose pool pump under test is
deemed compliant with the design requirement for freeze protection
controls.
* * * * *
PART 431--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
5. The authority citation for part 431 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
6. Section 431.462 is amended by:
0
a. Adding, in alphabetical order, definitions for the terms ``Basket
strainer,'' ``Dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Dedicated-purpose pool
pump motor total horsepower,'' ``Dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal
motor horsepower,'' ``Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor,''
``Designed and marketed,'' ``Freeze protection control,'' ``Integral,''
``Integral cartridge-filter pool pump,'' ``Integral sand-filter pool
pump,'' ``Multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Non-self-priming
pool filter pump,'' ``Pool filter pump,'' ``Pressure cleaner booster
pump,'' ``Removable cartridge filter,'' ``Rigid electric spa pump,''
``Sand filter,'' ``Self-priming pool filter pump,'' ``Single-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Storable electric spa pump,''
``Submersible pump,'' ``Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump,''
``Variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Variable speed
drive,'' ``Waterfall pump;'' and
0
b. Revising the introductory text and the definitions for ``Basic
model'' and ``Self-priming pump.''
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Sec. 431.462 Definitions.
The following definitions are applicable to this subpart, including
appendices A and B. In cases where there is a conflict, the language of
the definitions adopted in this section takes precedence over any
descriptions or definitions found in the 2008 version of ANSI/HI
Standard 1.1-1.2, ``Rotodynamic (Centrifugal) Pumps For Nomenclature
And Definitions'' (ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2008), or the 2008 version of ANSI/
HI Standard 2.1-2.2, ``Rotodynamic (Vertical) Pumps For Nomenclature
And Definitions'' (ANSI/HI 2.1-2.2-2008). In cases where definitions
reference design intent, DOE will consider marketing materials, labels
[[Page 64647]]
and certifications, and equipment design to determine design intent.
* * * * *
Basic model means all units of a given class of pump manufactured
by one manufacturer, having the same primary energy source, and having
essentially identical electrical, physical, and functional (or
hydraulic) characteristics that affect energy consumption, energy
efficiency, water consumption, or water efficiency; and, in addition,
for pumps that are subject to the standards specified in Sec.
431.465(b), the following provisions also apply:
(1) All variations in numbers of stages of bare RSV and ST pumps
must be considered a single basic model;
(2) Pump models for which the bare pump differs in impeller
diameter, or impeller trim, may be considered a single basic model; and
(3) Pump models for which the bare pump differs in number of stages
or impeller diameter and which are sold with motors (or motors and
controls) of varying horsepower may only be considered a single basic
model if:
(i) For ESCC, ESFM, IL, and RSV pumps, each motor offered in the
basic model has a nominal full load motor efficiency rated at the
Federal minimum (see the current table for NEMA Design B motors at
Sec. 431.25) or the same number of bands above the Federal minimum for
each respective motor horsepower (see Table 3 of appendix A to subpart
Y of this part); or
(ii) For ST pumps, each motor offered in the basic model has a full
load motor efficiency at the default nominal full load submersible
motor efficiency shown in Table 2 of appendix A to subpart Y of this
part or the same number of bands above the default nominal full load
submersible motor efficiency for each respective motor horsepower (see
Table 3 of appendix A to subpart Y of this part).
Basket strainer means a perforated or otherwise porous receptacle,
mounted within a housing on the suction side of a pump, that prevents
solid debris from entering a pump. The basket strainer receptacle is
capable of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in diameter, and can be
removed by hand or using only simple tools (e.g., screwdriver, pliers,
open-ended wrench).
* * * * *
Dedicated-purpose pool pump comprises self-priming pool filter
pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, pressure
cleaner booster pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, integral-
cartridge filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, and rigid
electric spa pumps.
Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower means the
product of the rated horsepower and the service factor of a motor used
on a dedicated-purpose pool pump (also known as service factor
horsepower) based on the maximum continuous duty motor power output
rating allowable for nameplate ambient rating and motor insulation
class.
Dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower means the
nominal motor horsepower as determined in accordance with the
applicable procedures in NEMA-MG-1 2014 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463).
Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor means a multiplier
applied to the rated horsepower of a pump motor to indicate the percent
above nameplate horsepower at which the motor can operate continuously
without exceeding its allowable insulation class temperature limit.
Designed and marketed means that the equipment is specifically
designed to fulfill the indicated application and, when distributed in
commerce, is designated and marketed for that application, with the
designation on the packaging and all publicly available documents
(e.g., product literature, catalogs, and packaging labels).
* * * * *
Freeze protection control means a pool pump control that, at a
certain ambient temperature, turns on the dedicated-purpose pool pump
to circulate water for a period of time to prevent the pool and water
in plumbing from freezing.
* * * * *
Integral means a part of the device that cannot be removed without
compromising the device's function or destroying the physical integrity
of the unit.
Integral cartridge-filter pool pump means a pump that requires a
removable cartridge filter, installed on the suction side of the pump,
for operation; and the cartridge filter cannot be bypassed.
Integral sand-filter pool pump means a pump distributed in commerce
with a sand filter that cannot be bypassed.
* * * * *
Multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-purpose
pool pump that is capable of operating at more than two discrete, pre-
determined operating speeds separated by speed increments greater than
100 rpm, where the lowest speed is less than or equal to half of the
maximum operating speed and greater than zero, and must be distributed
in commerce with an on-board pool pump control (i.e., variable speed
drive and user interface or programmable switch) that changes the speed
in response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to
select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times.
* * * * *
Non-self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
not certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 to be self-priming and is not
capable of re-priming to a vertical lift of at least 5.0 feet with a
true priming time less than or equal to 10.0 minutes, when tested in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 50-2015, and is not a waterfall pump.
Pool filter pump means an end suction pump that:
(1) Either:
(i) Includes an integrated basket strainer; or
(ii) Does not include an integrated basket strainer, but requires a
basket strainer for operation, as stated in manufacturer literature
provided with the pump; and
(2) May be distributed in commerce connected to, or packaged with,
a sand filter, removable cartridge filter, or other filtration
accessory, so long as the filtration accessory are connected with
consumer-removable connections that allow the filtration accessory to
be bypassed.
Pressure cleaner booster pump means an end suction, dry rotor pump
designed and marketed for pressure-side pool cleaner applications, and
which may be UL listed under ANSI/UL 1081-2014, ``Standard for Swimming
Pool Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators.''
* * * * *
Removable cartridge filter means a filter component with fixed
dimensions that captures and removes suspended particles from water
flowing through the unit. The removable cartridge filter is not capable
of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in diameter or greater, and can be
removed from the filter housing by hand or using only simple tools
(e.g., screwdrivers, pliers, open-ended wrench).
Rigid electric spa pump means an end suction pump that does not
contain an integrated basket strainer or require a basket strainer for
operation as stated in manufacturer literature provided with the pump
and that meets the following three criteria:
(1) Is assembled with four through bolts that hold the motor rear
endplate, rear bearing, rotor, front bearing, front endplate, and the
bare pump together as an integral unit;
(2) Is constructed with buttress threads at the inlet and discharge
of the bare pump; and
[[Page 64648]]
(3) Uses a casing or volute and connections constructed of a non-
metallic material.
* * * * *
Sand filter means a device designed to filter water through sand or
an alternate sand-type media.
Self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 to be self-priming or is capable of
re-priming to a vertical lift of at least 5.0 feet with a true priming
time less than or equal to 10.0 minutes, when tested in accordance with
NSF/ANSI 50-2015, and is not a waterfall pump.
Self-priming pump means a pump that either is a self-priming pool
filter pump or a pump that:
(1) Is designed to lift liquid that originates below the centerline
of the pump inlet;
(2) Contains at least one internal recirculation passage; and
(3) Requires a manual filling of the pump casing prior to initial
start-up, but is able to re-prime after the initial start-up without
the use of external vacuum sources, manual filling, or a foot valve.
* * * * *
Single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-purpose
pool pump that is capable of operating at only one speed.
Storable electric spa pump means a pump that is distributed in
commerce with one or more of the following:
(1) An integral heater; and
(2) An integral air pump.
Submersible pump means a pump that is designed to be operated with
the motor and bare pump fully submerged in the pumped liquid.
* * * * *
Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated purpose
pool pump that is capable of operating at only two different pre-
determined operating speeds, where the low operating speed is less than
or equal to half of the maximum operating speed and greater than zero,
and must be distributed in commerce either:
(1) With a pool pump control (i.e., variable speed drive and user
interface or switch) that is capable of changing the speed in response
to user preferences; or
(2) Without a pool pump control that has the capability to change
speed in response to user preferences, but without which the pump is
unable to operate without the presence of such a pool pump control.
Variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-
purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at a variety of user-
determined speeds, where all the speeds are separated by at most 100
rpm increments over the operating range and the lowest operating speed
is less than or equal to one-third of the maximum operating speed and
greater than zero. Such a pump must include a variable speed drive and
be distributed in commerce either:
(1) With a user interface that changes the speed in response to
pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the
duration of each speed and/or the on/off times; or
(2) Without a user interface but be unable to operate without the
presence of a user interface.
Variable speed drive means equipment capable of varying the speed
of the motor.
Waterfall pump means a pool filter pump with maximum head less than
or equal to 30 feet, and a maximum speed less than or equal to 1,800
rpm.
0
7. Section 431.463 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Adding paragraph (c)(4);
0
c. Revising paragraph (e); and,
0
d. Adding paragraphs (f) and (g).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 431.463 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) General. DOE incorporates by reference the following standards
into subpart Y of this part. The material listed has been approved for
incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal Register in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Any subsequent
amendment to a standard by the standard-setting organization will not
affect the DOE test procedures unless and until amended by DOE.
Material is incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval, and
notification of any change in the material will be published in the
Federal Register. All approved material can be obtained from the
sources listed below and is available for inspection at the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW.,
Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, or go to: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards. It is also
available for inspection at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this
material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(4) HI 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014''), ``Methods for Rotodynamic
Pump Efficiency Testing,'' copyright 2014, IBR approved for Sec.
429.59, Sec. 429.134 and appendix B to subpart Y of this part, except
sections 40.6.4.1, ``Vertically suspended pumps''; 40.6.4.2,
``Submersible pumps''; 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed
of rotation during test''; 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test results to
rated speed of rotation''; Appendix A, section A.7, ``Testing at
temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86 [deg]F)''; and Appendix B,
``Reporting of test results (normative).''
* * * * *
(e) NEMA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 1300 North
17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209, (703) 841-3200.
www.nema.org.
(1) NEMA MG-1-2014, (``NEMA MG-1-2014''), ``Motors and
Generators,'' 2014, IBR approved for Sec. 431.462 and appendix B of
this part, as follows:
(i) Section 1.19, ``Polyphase Motors'';
(ii) Section 10.34, ``Basis of Horsepower Rating'';
(iii) Section 10.62, ``Horsepower, Speed, and Voltage Ratings'';
(iv) Section 12.30, ``Test Methods'';
(v) Section 12.35, ``Locked-Rotor Current of 3-Phase 60-Hz Small
and Medium Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Rated at 230 Volts'';
(vi) Section 12.37, ``Torque Characteristics of Polyphase Small
Motors'';
(vii) Section 12.38, ``Locked-Rotor Torque of Single-Speed
Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous Ratings'';
(viii) Section 12.39, ``Breakdown Torque of Single-speed Polyphase
Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous Ratings'';
(ix) Section 12.40, ``Pull-Up Torque of Single-Speed Polyphase
Squirrel-Cage Medium Motors with Continuous Ratings.''
(2) [Reserved]
(f) NSF. NSF International. 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48105, (743) 769-8010. www.nsf.org.
(1) NSF/ANSI Standard 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI 50-2015''), ``Equipment
for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water
Facilities,'' ANSI approved January 26, 2015, Annex C--``Test methods
for the evaluation of centrifugal pumps,'' Section C.3, ``self-priming
capability.'' IBR approved for Sec. 431.462 and appendix B of this
part.
(2) [Reserved]
(g) UL. UL, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062, (847) 272-
8800. www.ul.com.
(1) UL 448, (``ANSI/UL 448-2013''), ``Standard for Safety
Centrifugal
[[Page 64649]]
Stationary Pumps for Fire-Protection Service,'' 10th Edition, June 8,
2007, including revisions through July 12, 2013, IBR approved for Sec.
431.462.
(2) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2014''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 6th Edition, January 29, 2008,
including revisions through March 18, 2014, IBR approved for Sec.
431.462.
0
8. Section 431.464 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.464 Test procedure for the measurement of energy
efficiency, energy consumption, and other performance factors of pumps.
(a) General pumps--(1) Scope. This paragraph (a) provides the test
procedures for determining the constant and variable load pump energy
index for:
(i) The following categories of clean water pumps:
(A) End suction close-coupled (ESCC);
(B) End suction frame mounted/own bearings (ESFM);
(C) In-line (IL);
(D) Radially split, multi-stage, vertical, in-line casing diffuser
(RSV); and
(E) Submersible turbine (ST) pumps.
(ii) With the following characteristics:
(A) Flow rate of 25 gpm or greater at BEP and full impeller
diameter;
(B) Maximum head of 459 feet at BEP and full impeller diameter and
the number of stages required for testing (see section 1.2.2 of
appendix A of this subpart);
(C) Design temperature ranges from 14 to 248 [deg]F;
(D) Designed to operate with either:
(1) A 2- or 4-pole induction motor; or
(2) A non-induction motor with a speed of rotation operating range
that includes speeds of rotation between 2,880 and 4,320 revolutions
per minute (rpm) and/or 1,440 and 2,160 rpm, and in either case, the
driver and impeller must rotate at the same speed;
(E) For ST pumps, a 6-inch or smaller bowl diameter; and
(F) For ESCC and ESFM pumps, a specific speed less than or equal to
5,000 when calculated using U.S. customary units.
(iii) Except for the following pumps:
(A) Fire pumps;
(B) Self-priming pumps;
(C) Prime-assist pumps;
(D) Magnet driven pumps;
(E) Pumps designed to be used in a nuclear facility subject to 10
CFR part 50, ``Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization
Facilities''; and
(F) Pumps meeting the design and construction requirements set
forth in Military Specifications: MIL-P-17639F, ``Pumps, Centrifugal,
Miscellaneous Service, Naval Shipboard Use'' (as amended); MIL-P-
17881D, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Boiler Feed, (Multi-Stage)'' (as
amended); MIL-P-17840C, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Close-Coupled, Navy
Standard (For Surface Ship Application)'' (as amended); MIL-P-18682D,
``Pump, Centrifugal, Main Condenser Circulating, Naval Shipboard'' (as
amended); and MIL-P-18472G, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Condensate, Feed
Booster, Waste Heat Boiler, And Distilling Plant'' (as amended).
Military specifications and standards are available for review at
http://everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS.
(2) Testing and calculations. Determine the applicable constant
load pump energy index (PEICL) or variable load pump energy
index (PEIVL) using the test procedure set forth in appendix
A of this subpart.
(b) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps--(1) Scope. This paragraph (b)
provides the test procedures for determining the weighted energy
factor, rated hydraulic horsepower, dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal
motor horsepower, dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower,
dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor, and other pump performance
parameters for:
(i) The following varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps:
(A) Self-priming pool filter pumps;
(B) Non-self-priming pool filter pumps;
(C) Waterfall pumps; and
(D) Pressure cleaner booster pumps;
(ii) Served by single-phase or polyphase input power;
(iii) Except for:
(A) Submersible pumps; and
(B) Self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with
hydraulic output power greater than or equal to 2.5 horsepower.
(2) Testing and calculations. Determine the weighted energy factor
(WEF) using the test procedure set forth in appendix B of this subpart.
0
9. Section 431.466 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.466 Pumps labeling requirements.
(a) General pumps. For the pumps described in paragraph (a) of
Sec. 431.464, the following requirements apply to units manufactured
on the same date that compliance is required with any applicable
standards prescribed in Sec. 431.465.
(1) Pump nameplate--(i) Required information. The permanent
nameplate must be marked clearly with the following information:
(A) For bare pumps and pumps sold with electric motors but not
continuous or non-continuous controls, the rated pump energy index--
constant load (PEICL), and for pumps sold with motors and
continuous or non-continuous controls, the rated pump energy index--
variable load (PEIVL);
(B) The bare pump model number; and
(C) If transferred directly to an end-user, the unit's impeller
diameter, as distributed in commerce. Otherwise, a space must be
provided for the impeller diameter to be filled in.
(ii) Display of required information. All orientation, spacing,
type sizes, typefaces, and line widths to display this required
information must be the same as or similar to the display of the other
performance data on the pump's permanent nameplate. The
PEICL or PEIVL, as appropriate to a given pump
model, must be identified in the form ``PEICL __'' or
``PEIVL __.'' The model number must be in one of the
following forms: ``Model __'' or ``Model number __'' or ``Model No.
__.'' The unit's impeller diameter must be in the form ``Imp. Dia. __;
(in.).''
(2) Disclosure of efficiency information in marketing materials.
(i) The same information that must appear on a pump's permanent
nameplate pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, must also be
prominently displayed:
(A) On each page of a catalog that lists the pump; and
(B) In other materials used to market the pump.
(ii) [Reserved]
(b) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps. For the pumps described in
paragraph (b) of Sec. 431.464, the following requirements apply on the
same date that compliance is required with any applicable standards
prescribed in Sec. 431.465.
(1) Pump nameplate--(i) Required information. The permanent
nameplate of a dedicated-purpose pool pump described in paragraph (b)
of Sec. 431.464 must be marked clearly with the following information:
(A) The weighted energy factor (WEF);
(B) The rated hydraulic horsepower;
(C) The dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower;
(D) The dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor; and
(E) The dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower.
(ii) Display of required information. All orientation, spacing,
type sizes, typefaces, and line widths to display this required
information must be the same as or similar to the display of the other
performance data on the pump's permanent nameplate. In all instances,
horsepower may be abbreviated as ``hp.''
[[Page 64650]]
(A) The WEF, as appropriate to a given pump model, must be
identified in the form ``WEF __.''
(B) The rated hydraulic horsepower must be identified in the form
``rated hydraulic horsepower __.''
(C) The dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower must
be identified in one of the following forms: ``dedicated-purpose pool
pump nominal motor horsepower __,'' ``DPPP nominal motor horsepower
__,'' or ``nominal motor horsepower __.''
(D) The dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor must be
identified in one of the following forms: ``DPPP service factor __,''
``service factor __,'' or ``SF __.''
(E) The dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower must be
identified in one of the following forms: ``dedicated-purpose pool pump
motor total horsepower __,'' ``DPPP motor total horsepower __,'' or
``motor total horsepower __.''
(2) [Reserved]
Appendix A to Subpart Y of Part 431 [Amended]
0
10. In the introductory note to appendix A of subpart Y of part 431,
remove the reference ``10 CFR 431.464'' add in its place ``10 CFR
431.464(a)''.
0
11. Add appendix B to subpart Y of part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix B to Subpart Y of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for the
Measurement of Energy Consumption of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
Note: Starting on [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], any representations made
with respect to the energy use or efficiency of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps subject to testing pursuant to 10 CFR 431.464(b) must be
made in accordance with the results of testing pursuant to this
appendix.
I. Test Procedure for Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
A. General
A.1 Test Method. To determine the weighted energy factor (WEF)
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, perform ``wire-to-water'' testing
in accordance with HI 40.6-2014, except section 40.6.4.1,
``Vertically suspended pumps''; section 40.6.4.2, ``Submersible
pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section 40.6.5.5.2,
``Speed of rotation during testing''; section 40.6.6.1,
``Translation of test results to rated speed of rotation''; section
40.6.6.2, ``Pump efficiency''; section 40.6.6.3, ``Performance
curve''; section A.7, ``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C
(86 [deg]F)''; and appendix B, ``Reporting of test results'';
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463) with the
modifications and additions as noted throughout the provisions
below. Do not use the test points specified in section 40.6.5.5.1,
``Test procedure'' of HI 40.6-2014 and instead use those test points
specified in section D.3 of this appendix for the applicable
dedicated-purpose pool pump variety and speed configuration. When
determining overall efficiency, best efficiency point, or other
applicable pump energy performance information, section 40.6.5.5.1,
``Test procedure''; section 40.6.6.2, ``Pump efficiency''; and
section 40.6.6.3, ``Performance curve'' must be used, as applicable.
For the purposes of applying this appendix, the term ``volume per
unit time,'' as defined in section 40.6.2, ``Terms and
definitions,'' of HI 40.6-2014 shall be deemed to be synonymous with
the term ``flow rate'' used throughout that standard and this
appendix.
A.2. Calculations and Rounding. All terms and quantities refer
to values determined in accordance with the procedures set forth in
this appendix for the rated pump. Perform all calculations using raw
measured values without rounding. Round WEF, EF, maximum head,
vertical lift, and true priming time values to the tenths place
(i.e., 0.1). Round all other reported values to the hundredths
place.
B. Measurement Equipment
B.1 For the purposes of measuring flow rate, speed of rotation,
temperature, and pump power output, the equipment specified in HI
40.6-2014 Appendix C (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463)
necessary to measure head, speed of rotation, flow rate, and
temperature must be used and must comply with the stated accuracy
requirements in HI 40.6-2014 Table 40.6.3.2.3, except as specified
in section B.1.1 and B.1.2 of this appendix. When more than one
instrument is used to measure a given parameter, the combined
accuracy, calculated as the root sum of squares of individual
instrument accuracies, must meet the specified accuracy
requirements.
B.1.1 Electrical measurement equipment for determining the
driver power input to the motor or controls must be capable of
measuring true root mean squared (RMS) current, true RMS voltage,
and real power up to the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply source
frequency, and have a combined accuracy of 2.0 percent
of the measured value at the fundamental supply source frequency.
B.1.2 Instruments for measuring distance (e.g., height above the
reference plane or water level) must be accurate to and have a
resolution of at least 0.1 inch.
C. Test Conditions and Tolerances
C.1 Pump Specifications. Conduct testing at full impeller
diameter in accordance with the test conditions, stabilization
requirements, and specifications of HI 40.6-2014 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 431.463) section 40.6.3, ``Pump efficiency
testing''; section 40.6.4, ``Considerations when determining the
efficiency of a pump''; section 40.6.5.4 (including appendix A),
``Test arrangements''; and section 40.6.5.5, ``Test conditions.''
C.2 Power Supply Requirements. The following conditions also
apply to the mains power supplied to the DPPP motor or controls, if
any:
(1) Maintain the voltage within 5 percent of the
rated value of the motor,
(2) Maintain the frequency within 1 percent of the
rated value of the motor,
(3) Maintain the voltage unbalance of the power supply within
3 percent of the rated values of the motor, and
(4) Maintain total harmonic distortion below 12 percent
throughout the test.
C.3 Tolerances. For self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-
priming pool filter pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps, all
measured load points must be within 2.5 percent of the
specified flow rate values on the reference curve. For waterfall
pumps, all measured load points must be within 2.5
percent of the specified head value (i.e., 17.0 0.425
ft) at maximum speed.
D. Data Collection and Stabilization
D.1 Damping Devices. Use of damping devices, as described in
section 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463), are only permitted to integrate up to the data
collection interval used during testing.
D.2 Stabilization. Record data at any tested load point only
under stabilized conditions, as defined in HI 40.6-2014 section
40.6.5.5.1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463), where a
minimum of two measurements are used to determine stabilization.
D.3 Test Points. Measure the flow rate in gpm, pump total head
in ft, the driver power input in W, and the speed of rotation in rpm
at each load point specified in Table 1 for each DPPP varieties and
speed configurations:
[[Page 64651]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.019
[[Page 64652]]
E. Calculations
E.1 Determination of Weighted Energy Factor. Determine the WEF
as a ratio of the measured flow and driver power input to the
dedicated-purpose pool pump in accordance with the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.020
Where:
WEF = Weighted Energy Factor in kgal/kWh;
wi = weighting factor at each load point i, as specified in section
E.2 of this appendix;
Qi = flow at each load point i measured in accordance with section
D.4, in gal/min;
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) at
each load point i measured in accordance with section D.4 in watts;
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration in section D.4; and
n = number of load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety
and speed configuration.
E.2 Weights. When determining WEF, apply the weights specified in
Table 2 for the applicable load points, DPPP varieties, and speed
configurations:
Table 2--Load Point Weights (wi)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point(s) i
DPPP varieties Speed type -------------------------------
Low flow High flow
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps and Non- Single................................ .............. 1.0
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps. Two................................... 0.80 0.20
Multi/Variable........................ 0.80 0.20
Waterfall Pumps......................... Single................................ .............. 1.0
Pressure Cleaner Booster Pump........... Single................................ .............. 1.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E.3 Determination of Horsepower and Power Factor Metrics.
E.3.1 Determine the pump power output at any load point i using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.021
Where:
Pu = the measured pump power output at load point i of the tested
pump (hp),
Q = the measured flow rate at load point i of the tested pump (gpm),
H = pump total head at load point i of the tested pump (ft), and
SG = the specific gravity of water at specified test conditions,
which is equivalent to 1.00.
E.3.1.1 Determine the rated hydraulic horsepower as the pump power
output measured on the reference curve at maximum rotating speed and
full impeller diameter for the rated pump.
E.3.2 Determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor
horsepower according to section E.3.2.1 for single- and three-phase AC
motors or section E.3.2.2 for DC motors:
E.3.2.1 For single- and three-phase AC motors, determine the
dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower as the nominal
horsepower rating associated with the appropriate values of breakdown
torque, locked-rotor torque, pull-up torque, locked-rotor current, and
slip, as applicable for the NEMA motor designation with which the
dedicated-purpose pool pump is distributed in commerce, as indicated by
the following sections of NEMA MG-1-2014 (incorporated by reference,
see section Sec. 431.463) shown in Table 3.
Table 3--Relevant NEMA MG-1 2014 Sections Applicable to Small and Medium
Single- and Three-Phase AC Motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-phase AC Three-phase AC
Motor characteristic motors motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Breakdown Torque................ Section 10.34 of Section 12.39 of
NEMA MG- NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014. 1[dash]2014.
Locked-Rotor Torque............. N/A............... Section 12.37 or
12.38 of NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014.
Pull-up Torque.................. N/A............... Section 12.40 of
NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014.
Locked-rotor current............ N/A............... Section 12.35.1 of
NEMA MG-
1[dash]2014.
Slip............................ N/A............... Section 1.19.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
E.3.2.2 For DC motors, determine the nominal motor horsepower
according to the specifications in section 10.62 of NEMA MG-1-2014
(incorporated by reference, see section Sec. 431.463).
E.3.3 Determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor
according to section E.3.3.1 for single- and three-phase AC motors or
section E.3.3.2 for DC motors:
E.3.3.1 For single- and three-phase AC motors, determine the
dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor based on the requirements of
section 12.51 of NEMA MG-1-2014 (incorporated by reference, see section
Sec. 431.463).
E.3.3.2 For DC motors, the dedicated-purpose pool pump service
factor is equal to 1.0.
E.3.4 Determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower as the product of the dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal
motor horsepower, determined in accordance with section E.3.2 of this
appendix, and the dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor,
determined in accordance with section E.3.3 of this appendix.
E.3.5 Determine the true power factor at each applicable load point
specified in Table 1 of this appendix for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration as a ratio of driver power input to the motor (or
controls, if present) (Pi), in watts, over the product of
the voltage in volts and the current in amps at each load point i, as
shown in the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.027
Where:
PFi = true power factor at each load point i, dimensionless;
[[Page 64653]]
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) at
each load point i measured in accordance with section D.4 in watts;
Vi = voltage at each load point i measured in accordance with
section D.4, in volts;
Ii = current at each load point i measured in accordance with
section D.4, in amps; and
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration in section D.4.
E.4. Determination of Maximum Head. Determine the maximum head for
self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and
waterfall pumps by measuring the head at maximum speed and the minimum
flow rate at which the pump is designed to operate continuously or
safely, where the minimum flow rate is assumed to be zero unless stated
otherwise in the manufacturer literature.
F. Determination of Self-Priming Capability
F.1. Test Method. Determine the vertical lift and true priming time
of self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps that are not
already certified as self-priming under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 by testing
such pumps pursuant to section C.3 of appendix C of NSF/ANSI 50-2015,
``Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational
Water Facilities'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463),
except for the modifications and exceptions listed in the following
section F.1.1 through F.1.5 of this appendix:
F.1.1. Where section C.3.2, ``Apparatus,'' and section C.3.4,
``Self-priming capability test method,'' state that the ``suction line
must be essentially as shown in annex C, figure C.1;'' ``essentially as
shown in Annex C, figure C.1'' means:
The centerline of the pump impeller shaft is situated a
vertical distance equivalent to the specified vertical lift (VL),
calculated in accordance with section F.1.1.1. of this section, above
the water level of a water tank of sufficient volume as to maintain a
constant water surface level for the duration of the test;
the pump draws water from the water tank with a riser pipe
that extends below the water level a distance of at least 3 times the
riser pipe diameter (i.e., 3 pipe diameters);
the suction inlet of the pump is at least 5 pipe diameters
from any obstructions, 90[deg] bends, valves, or fittings; and
the riser pipe that is of the same pipe diameter as the
pump suction inlet.
F.1.1.1. The vertical lift (VL) must be normalized to 5.0 feet at
an atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psia and a water density of 62.4 lb/
ft\3\ in accordance with the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.022
Where:
VL = vertical lift of the test apparatus from the waterline to the
centerline of the pump impeller shaft, in ft;
[rho]test = density of test fluid, in lb/ft\3\; and
Patm,test = absolute barometric pressure of test apparatus location
at centerline of pump impeller shaft, in psia.
F.1.2. The equipment accuracy requirements specified in section B,
``Measurement Equipment,'' of this appendix also apply to this section
F, as applicable.
F.1.2.1 Adjust all measurements of head (gauge pressure), flow, and
water temperature must be taken at the pump suction inlet and all head
measurements back to the centerline of the pump impeller shaft in
accordance with section A.3.1.3.1 of HI 40.6 2014 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 431.463).
F.1.3. All tests must be conducted with clear water, as defined in
HI 40.6-2014 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463) and the
test conditions specified in section C.3.3 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463) do not apply.
F.1.4. In section C.3.4, ``Self-priming capability test method,''
of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463),
``the elapsed time to steady discharge gauge reading or full discharge
flow'' is determined when the changes in head and flow, respectively,
are within the tolerance values specified in table 40.6.3.2.2,
``Permissible amplitude of fluctuation as a percentage of mean value of
quantity being measured at any test point,'' of HI 40.6-2014
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463). The measured priming
time (MPT) is determined as the point in time when the stabilized load
point is first achieved, not when stabilization is determined. In
addition, the true priming time (TPT) is equivalent to the MPT.
F.1.5. The maximum true priming time for each test run must not
exceed 10.0 minutes. Disregard section C.3.5 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
G. Optional Testing and Calculations
G.1 Energy Factor. When making representations regarding the EF of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, determine EF on one of four system curves
(A, B, C, or D) and at any given speed (s) according to the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE16.023
Where:
EFX,s = the energy factor on system curve X at speed s in kgal/kWh;
X = one of four possible system curves (A, B, C, or D), as defined
in section G.2 of this appendix;
QX,s = flow rate measured on system curve X at speed s in gpm; and
PX,s = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) on
system curve X at speed s in watts.
G.2 System Curves. The energy factor may be determined at any speed
(s) and on any of the four system curves A, B, C, and/or D specified in
Table 4:
Table 4--Systems Curves for Optional EF Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
System curve System curve equation *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A..................................... H = 0.0167 x Q\2\
B..................................... H = 0.0500 x Q\2\
C..................................... H = 0.0082 x Q\2\
D..................................... H = 0.0044 x Q\2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* In the above table, Q refers to the flow rate in gpm and H refers to
head in ft.
G.3 Replacement Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Motors. To determine
the WEF for replacement DPPP motors, test each replacement DPPP motor
paired with each dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pump for which the
replacement DPPP motor is advertised to be paired, as stated in the
manufacturer's literature for that DPPP model, according to the testing
and calculations described in
[[Page 64654]]
sections A, B, C, D, and E of this appendix. Alternatively, each
replacement DPPP motor may be tested with the most consumptive
dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pump for which it is advertised to be
paired, as stated in the manufacturer's literature for that DPPP model.
If a replacement DPPP motor is not advertised to be paired with any
specific dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pumps, test with the most
consumptive dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pump available.
[FR Doc. 2016-21310 Filed 9-19-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P