[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 179 (Thursday, September 15, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 63440-63445]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-22011]


=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

U.S. Copyright Office

37 CFR Parts 201 and 204

[Docket No. 2016-7]


Removal of Personally Identifiable Information From Registration 
Records

AGENCY: U.S. Copyright Office, Library of Congress.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The United States Copyright Office (``Office'') is proposing 
new rules related to personally identifiable information (``PII'') that 
may be found in the Office's registration records. First, the proposed 
rule will allow an author, claimant of record, or the authorized agent 
of the author or claimant of record, to request the removal of certain 
PII that is requested by the Office and collected on a registration 
application, such as home addresses or personal phone numbers, from the 
Office's internet-accessible public catalog, while retaining it in the 
Office's offline records as required by law. Second, the proposed rule 
will codify an existing practice regarding extraneous PII that 
applicants erroneously include on registration applications even though 
the Office has not requested it, such as driver's license numbers, 
social security numbers, banking information, and credit card 
information. Under the proposed rule, the Office would, upon request, 
remove such extraneous PII both from the Office's internet-accessible 
public catalog and its offline records.

DATES: Written comments must be received no later than 11:59 p.m. 
Eastern Time on October 17, 2016.

ADDRESSES: For reasons of government efficiency, the Copyright Office 
is using the regulations.gov system for the submission and posting of 
public comments in this proceeding. All comments are therefore to be 
submitted electronically through regulations.gov. Specific instructions 
for submitting comments are available on the Copyright Office Web site 
at http://copyright.gov/rulemaking/pii/. If electronic submission of 
comments is not feasible due to lack of access to a computer and/or the 
internet, please contact the Office using the contact information below 
for special instructions.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cindy Abramson, Assistant General 
Counsel, by email at [email protected], or Abioye Mosheim, Attorney Advisor, 
by email at [email protected]. Each can be contacted by telephone by calling 
202-707-8350.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background

    This proposed rule would create procedures to request removal of 
certain ``personally identifiable information'' (``PII'') from the 
Office's registration records. PII is generally considered to be any 
information that has the potential to identify a specific individual. 
The proposed rule concerns two distinct categories of PII as discussed 
below.
    The Office requests and receives certain types of PII during the 
registration process (e.g., dates of birth, addresses, telephone 
numbers, fax numbers, and email addresses). The collection of some of 
that information is mandated by statute or regulation; other 
information is optional.\1\ This information is referred to herein as 
``requested PII.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ The Copyright Act requires the Office to gather the name and 
address of the copyright claimant; the name of the author(s), for 
works that are not anonymous or pseudonymous; the nationality or 
domicile of the author(s); and the date(s) of death for deceased 
author(s). See 17 U.S.C. 409. The Act also gives the Register of 
Copyrights the authority to require applicants to supply any other 
information ``bearing upon the preparation or identification of the 
work or the existence, ownership, or duration of copyright.'' Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Office does not request, but sometimes receives, additional PII 
when applicants choose to include information such as driver's license 
numbers, social security numbers, banking information, and credit card 
information on their registration applications. Such information is 
extraneous and unnecessary for the processing and maintenance of 
copyright registration records. This information is referred to herein 
as ``extraneous PII.''
    As explained below, this proposed rule would treat these two 
categories of PII differently.
    With respect to requested PII--information that the Copyright 
Office purposely collects as part of registration--the Copyright Act 
imposes certain obligations on the Office to preserve that information 
as part of the public record. The Act requires the Register to ensure 
that ``records of . . . registrations . . . are maintained, and that 
indexes of such records are prepared,'' and that ``[s]uch records and 
indexes . . . be open to public inspection,'' thus creating a public 
record. 17 U.S.C. 705(a), 705(b). The public record of copyright 
registrations serves several important functions. Chief among these is 
that the record provides essential facts relevant to the copyright 
claim and information that a potential user of a copyrighted work can 
use to locate the work's owner. The registration record can also be a 
valuable aid for determining the term of copyright protection, by 
providing information such as the author's date of death, the 
publication date for the work, or the year of creation of the work.
    A separate provision of the Act requires the Register of Copyrights 
to ``compile and publish . . . catalogs of all copyright 
registrations.'' 17 U.S.C. 707(a). For most of the Office's history, 
this catalog was maintained in paper form as the Catalog of Copyright 
Entries (``CCE''). Starting in 1994, however, the Office began 
providing the public with access to a computerized database of post-
1977 copyright registration and recordation catalog entries via the 
internet. Then, in 1996, the Office decided to end publication of the 
printed CCE and publish copyright registration information solely via 
an online public catalog. See 61 FR 52465 (Oct. 7, 1996).
    Initially, the PII revealed in the online public catalog was 
limited to names and, when volunteered, the author's year of birth. By 
2007, however, with the advent of the Copyright Office's online 
registration system (``eCO''), a broader range of PII was pushed from 
the Office's registration records into the online public catalog, 
including the postal address of the claimant, and the name, postal 
address, email address and

[[Page 63441]]

phone number of the person authorized to correspond about, and/or 
provide rights and permission to use, the registered work. See 72 FR 
36883, 36887 (July 6, 2007). The current online public catalog, 
however, does not contain all of the information that is contained in 
the Office's full registration records. For instance, the online public 
catalog currently does not include the text of correspondence between 
the Office and the applicant. This information is maintained solely in 
the Office's offline records, although members of the public can obtain 
copies of it by making a request to the Office.
    In addition, while the information in the online public catalog 
initially could only be searched and retrieved via the Office's Web 
site, in 2007 third parties began harvesting registration information, 
including PII, from the catalog, and posting that information on 
alternative Web sites, which were then indexed by search engines. As a 
result, authors and claimants began noticing their personal information 
appearing in internet search results, and began asking the Office to 
remove that information from the Office's online public catalog.
    In 2008, the Office published a list of frequently asked questions 
(``FAQs'') on privacy to address some of these concerns.\2\ In the 
FAQs, the Office stressed that, by statute, it was required to collect 
certain information as part of the registration application and 
maintain it as part of its public records. The FAQs advised the public 
that if they did not wish sensitive personal information to appear in 
the online public catalog, they should refrain from providing it during 
the registration process, if possible. Applicants were advised to 
instead consider providing non-personal information, such as 
information about a third-party agent, a post office box, or a non-
personal email address. But the Office warned that, if the applicant 
provided personal information, it would be included in the online 
public catalog. Both the Web page to log in to the online registration 
system and the Web page to download paper application forms include 
links to the privacy FAQs. See eCO Registration System, Privacy: 
Copyright Public Records, http://www.copyright.gov/eco/; Forms, http://www.copyright.gov/forms/ forms/; see also U.S. Copyright Office, Compendium 
of U.S. Copyright Office Practices 205 (3d ed. 2014).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ See U.S. Copyright Office, Privacy: Copyright Public 
Records, http://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-privacy.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Office's practices have differed with respect to extraneous 
PII--such as driver's license numbers, social security numbers, credit 
card information, and banking information--that applicants sometimes 
include on registration applications, even though the application does 
not require or request such information. Given the particular 
sensitivity of that information, and the fact that it is not requested 
as part of the registration application, the Office has developed an 
informal practice of removing extraneous PII from its registration 
records, including the online public catalog and the offline records, 
for no fee. During the registration process, the Office may remove 
extraneous PII, particularly if it is sensitive information, on its own 
volition. After the registration is complete, the Office will remove 
extraneous PII upon request. See Compendium (Third) 1804.2 (``If the 
registration specialist discovers a social security number, driver's 
license number, credit card number, or bank account number in the 
application, he or she will remove that information from the record 
without communicating with the applicant [and] [i]f this information is 
not discovered during the examination process . . . [t]he Office will 
remove [it] upon written request.'').

II. Discussion

    Since issuing its FAQs on privacy in 2008, the Office has continued 
to receive occasional requests to remove PII that the Office regularly 
collects as part of the registration application, such as home 
addresses, from the online registration records. In light of these 
requests, the Office is now proposing to amend its rules in two main 
respects.
    First, as explained in detail below, the Office proposes to add a 
new rule allowing authors and claimants to request the removal of 
requested PII from the online public catalog only, and replace it with 
non-personal information. The original information would be maintained 
in the Office's offline records and would be available for public 
inspection by visitors to the Copyright Office and upon request, 
consistent with the Office's statutory responsibilities to ``maintain'' 
such records and make them available to the public. 17 U.S.C. 705(a), 
705(b). In proposing the rule, the Office seeks to strike an 
appropriate balance between the public's interest in a robust online 
record and concerns of privacy and safety in individual cases.
    Second, the proposed rule would codify the Office's existing 
practice of removing extraneous PII--such as driver's license numbers, 
social security numbers, banking information, and credit card 
information--from both the offline records and the online public 
catalog. The Office is also proposing a conforming amendment to its 
Privacy Act regulations.

A. Removal of Requested PII From the Online Public Catalog

    Who may request removal. The proposed rule would permit an author, 
claimant of record, or the authorized representative of the author or 
claimant of record, to submit a request to remove certain PII related 
to a copyright registration from the Copyright Office's online 
registration records.
    What may be removed. In general, the proposed rule would allow for 
the removal of requested PII contained in the online public catalog, 
including home addresses, personal telephone and fax numbers, and 
personal email addresses. But there are two important limitations. 
First, the proposed rule would not allow a claimant to eliminate 
address information from the online public catalog, but instead would 
only allow for the replacement of a home address with a verifiable 
substitute address, such as a current post office box or third-party 
address (e.g., ``in care of'' an agent or corporation). The reason for 
this restriction is that allowing the wholesale removal of a claimant 
address would impede the public's ability to contact a copyright owner 
to obtain permission to use the work.
    Second, the proposed rule would not permit removal of an author or 
claimant's name from the online public catalog, or the replacement of 
an author or claimant's name with a pseudonym or an ``anonymous'' 
designation. Changing or removing a name is not necessary to prevent 
privacy invasions, as long as associated PII is removed. More 
fundamentally, allowing authors or claimants to alter their names in 
the online public catalog may lead to confusion regarding the term of 
copyright protection for the work. Under the Copyright Act, works by 
anonymous and pseudonymous authors have different terms of copyright 
protection than works by authors whose real name is revealed in the 
Office's records. The term for works by anonymous and pseudonymous 
authors is 95 years following the year of first publication, or 120 
years following the year of creation, whichever term expires first. The 
term for works by authors whose real names are revealed in the Office's 
records is the life of the author plus 70 years. 17 U.S.C. 302(a), 
302(c). In addition, the Act specifically contemplates that if the real 
name of the author of an anonymous or pseudonymous work is identified 
in the Office's records during the term of protection, then that work 
will receive

[[Page 63442]]

the term of life plus 70 years. Id. at 302(c). But the statute does not 
provide for the reverse: It does not contemplate a work whose author is 
already known receiving the copyright term applicable to works by 
anonymous or pseudonymous authors if the author's real name is removed 
from the Office's records. Thus, if the proposed rule were to permit 
the removal of an author's real name from the online public catalog, or 
the substitution of a real name with a pseudonym, it would run contrary 
to the statutory scheme established by Congress, and would likely 
create confusion regarding the correct term of copyright.
    Moreover, in at least some situations, removal of a claimant's name 
could also lead to confusion about the correct copyright term. For 
example, an anonymous author might inadvertently reveal his or her real 
name in the claimant section of the registration form, in which case it 
may be that the term for a known author applies, rather than the term 
for an anonymous or pseudonymous author.\3\ Although that concern may 
arise only in rare cases, any rule would have to account for this 
possibility and would, as a result, be difficult to administer. 
Accordingly, in light of the limited privacy concerns regarding the 
publication of author and claimant names unconnected to other forms of 
PII, and consistent with existing practices, the Office has 
provisionally concluded that the rule should not allow removal of 
author or claimant names from the online public catalog. See Compendium 
(Third) 615.3 (``The Office will not remove the author's name from the 
registration record once a certificate of registration has been 
issued.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ One possible clue that the anonymous or pseudonymous author 
and the person listed in the claimant section are the same person 
might be if the ``transfer'' section of the registration form is 
left blank. Where the author and claimant are different people, the 
transfer section must indicate how the claimant came to obtain the 
copyright from the author. 17 U.S.C. 409(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Standard for removal of requested PII. Under the proposed rule, the 
standard the Office would employ in determining whether to grant a 
request to remove requested PII from the online public catalog will 
depend on whether the requester is asking simply to replace the PII in 
the online public catalog with verifiable, non-personally-identifiable 
substitute information, or whether the requester instead is asking to 
remove the PII without providing such substitute information.
    If the requester provides the Office with verifiable, non-
personally-identifiable substitute information, the Office would 
generally grant the request, unless it determines that the need to 
maintain the original information in the public record substantially 
outweighs the safety, privacy, or other stated concern.
    By contrast, if the requester is not providing verifiable, non-
personally-identifiable substitute information, the request will only 
be granted if the requester demonstrates that the safety, privacy, or 
other stated concern substantially outweighs the need for the 
information to remain in the public record. This higher standard is 
warranted because removing information entirely from the online public 
catalog would result in a diminished record available for search via 
the internet.
    To satisfy the higher standard, a requester must provide more than 
a bare declaration that the author or claimant is concerned about his 
or her privacy or safety. For instance, a general statement such as, 
``I want to protect my privacy,'' will not satisfy this requirement. 
Rather, a detailed explanation of why the request should be granted is 
required, such as a specific threat to safety or privacy. The more 
detail that is supplied by the requester, the more likely the Office is 
to accept the assertion on its face.
    How to submit a request for removal of requested PII. PII removal 
requests must be in the form of a signed affidavit mailed to the U.S. 
Copyright Office's Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of 
Public Information and Education, and contain the following 
information:
     The copyright registration number(s). (A single affidavit 
may request removal of the same PII in multiple registration records, 
but as explained below, the $130 fee must be paid for each registration 
record.)
     The name of the author and/or claimant of record on whose 
behalf the request is made.
     Identification of the specific PII that is to be removed.
     If applicable, verifiable, non-personally-identifiable 
substitute information that should replace the PII to be removed.
     A statement providing the reasons supporting the request. 
If the requester is not providing verifiable, non-personally-
identifiable substitute information to replace the PII to be removed, 
this statement must explain in detail the specific threat to personal 
safety or personal security, or other circumstances, supporting the 
request.
     The statement, ``I declare under penalty of perjury that 
the foregoing is true and correct.''
     If the submission is by an authorized representative of 
the author or claimant of record, an additional statement, ``I am 
authorized to make this request on behalf of [name of author or 
claimant of record].''
     The signature of the author, claimant of record, or the 
authorized representative of the author or claimant of record.
     The date on which the request was signed.
     A physical mailing address to which the Office's response 
may be sent (if no email address is provided).
     A telephone number.
     An email address (if available).
    Requests to remove requested PII made by joint authors and 
claimants. Requests by a joint author or claimant will generally be 
treated as described above for a single author or claimant. In other 
words, a joint author or claimant may request removal of their own PII 
(though, obviously, not the removal of PII of their co-author or co-
claimant). That having been said, the Office has some concern regarding 
joint authors or claimants that may initially have matching PII, such 
as a married couple or business partners that share office space. If 
such relationships were to dissolve, this rule could theoretically 
permit a joint author or claimant to remove critical contact 
information for the other author or claimant from the record. Based on 
this concern, the Office intends to review these requests on a case-by-
case basis, but invites comments on this issue. Comments with specific 
examples or hypotheticals are preferred to general statements.
    Review process. All written requests for the removal of requested 
PII from the online public catalog will be reviewed by the Associate 
Register of Copyrights and Director of the Office Public Information 
and Education, or his or her designee(s). All decisions granting or 
denying requests for the removal of requested PII from the online 
public catalog will be sent in writing to the author, claimant of 
record, or the authorized representative of the author or claimant of 
record at the address or email indicated in the request.
    If the request is granted, the Office will act as expeditiously as 
possible to effectuate it. However, when a request to remove requested 
PII is denied, authorized persons may submit one request for 
reconsideration in writing and by mail, to the Office of the General 
Counsel within thirty (30) days from the date of the denial letter, 
along with the required fee.
    Effect on the public record. When requests for the removal of 
requested PII are granted, the alteration will only be

[[Page 63443]]

made in the online public catalog. A copy of the original registration 
record containing the PII will be kept on file in the Office away from 
public online view. A new certificate of registration reflecting the 
change will be issued. A note will be added to the basic registration 
record and made viewable in the online public catalog indicating the 
modification to the catalog. The note will contain a statement, such as 
``*Online record modified in response to PII request effective [date 
modified].''
    As noted, the Office will not alter the original registration 
record, but will instead maintain it in its offline records. Members of 
the public would be able to access the original, unaltered records by 
visiting the Office in Washington, DC, and inspecting the offline 
records there. Members of the public would also, for a fee, be able to 
request reproductions of original registration records through the 
Office's Records, Research and Certification Section.
    Although the Office contemplated allowing the removal of requested 
PII from its offline registration records as well its online public 
catalog, it has preliminarily concluded that the Copyright Act limits 
its authority to do so. Section 409 of the Copyright Act requires the 
Office to collect certain information on registration applications, and 
section 705 requires the Office to ``maintain'' records of those 
registrations, and make them available for public inspection. To allow 
parties to alter the original records and render the original 
information wholly unavailable for public inspection would appear to be 
contrary to this statutory mandate. The Act does not, however, mandate 
that copyright registrations records be published in full on the 
internet. Rather, the Office's online public catalog is principally a 
fulfillment of the statutory mandate in 17 U.S.C. 707 that the Office 
compile and publish catalogs of all copyright registrations. Section 
707 gives the Office the discretion to determine ``on the basis of 
practicability and usefulness'' the form (and frequency) of the 
information that is published in these catalogs. The legislative 
history on section 707(a) contemplates a move from paper-based to 
electronic distribution of the catalog information:

    Section 707(a) of the bill retains the present statute's basic 
requirement that the Register compile and publish catalogs of all 
copyright registrations at periodic intervals, but provides 
``discretion to determine, on the basis of practicability and 
usefulness, for the form and frequency of publication of each 
particular part.'' This provision will in no way diminish the 
utility or value of the present catalogs, and the flexibility of 
approach, coupled with use of the new mechanical and electronic 
devices now becoming available, will avoid waste and result in a 
better product.

See H.R. Rep. No. 1476, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. 172 (1976).
    Though the proposed rule's approach would still allow access to PII 
through offline means, we believe that preventing the online 
dissemination of that information will substantially alleviate privacy 
concerns. Access to the Office's offline records is limited, as 
described above. In contrast, information in the online public catalog 
is accessible for free at any time by anyone with an internet 
connection and can also be harvested through automatic processes.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ Nonetheless, the Office reiterates that the best way to keep 
PII from being included in the public record is to avoid providing 
it in a registration application when possible. In addition, this 
rule does not, and cannot, prevent third-party Web sites from 
collecting previously posted PII and making the information 
available online, even after the PII is removed from the Office's 
online public catalog.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Fees. Section 708(a) of title 17 authorizes the Register to fix 
fees for services, other than those enumerated in paragraphs (a)(1) 
through (9) of Sec.  708(a), based on cost and without prior submission 
to Congress.\5\ See 17 U.S.C. 708(a). Fees for Office services that the 
Register has the discretion to establish based on cost and without 
Congressional review include fees for copying Office records, fees for 
mail and delivery services, and fees for special handling. See 79 FR 
15910, 15916-17 (Mar. 24, 2014). With the rule proposed herein, the 
Office seeks to adopt new fees to recover costs associated with two new 
services: First, the process of considering initial requests for 
removal of PII from the online public catalog, and second, the process 
of reconsideration of denied requests.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ Fees for core Office services such as registration of a 
claim, recording a transfer of copyright ownership or other 
document, issuance of a certificate of registration, and certain 
other services are to be submitted by the Register to Congress 
before they take effect. See 17 U.S.C. 708(a) and (b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Based on a cost analysis, the Office believes that the fee for the 
initial request should each be established at $130 per registration 
record, and the fee for reconsideration of denied requests should be 
established at a flat $60 regardless of the number of registration 
records encompassed by the request for reconsideration.
    The Office arrived at the $130 fee for initial requests by 
considering the time and labor required to review and process these 
requests, including the salaries of junior and senior staff who will 
take part in the review, draft the decisions, and perform the data 
entry; costs associated with docketing and responding to requests via 
U.S. mail; system costs related to entering changes into the online 
public catalog as well as updating the offline registration records; 
and costs associated with printing a new registration certificate. For 
example, for initial requests, senior Public Information and Education 
staff must review the initial requests, draft final decisions, then the 
Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of the Office of Public 
Information and Education must review and sign final decisions. When an 
initial request is granted, Registration Program staff must key the 
changes into the Office's online public catalog, and perform checks to 
ensure that the changes are accurately reflected in the online public 
catalog. For both initial requests and requests for reconsideration, 
the costs associated with processing the check or money order payments 
by the Office's accounting staff have been factored into the fee.
    For reconsiderations, the costs associated with having an attorney 
advisor review the reconsideration letters and draft final decisions 
for review by and signature of the General Counsel and Associate 
Register of Copyrights amount to a flat fee of $60 per request, 
regardless of the number of registration records referenced in the 
request. If the Office grants the request for reconsideration, the 
costs associated with keying changes into the system and printing a new 
certificate would have already been covered by the fee that accompanied 
the initial request, and so they are not included in this fee.
    Both fees are non-refundable.

B. Removal of Extraneous PII From Online and Offline Registration 
Records

    As explained, the proposed rule would also codify the Office's 
existing practice of removing extraneous PII such as driver's license 
numbers, social security numbers, banking information and credit card 
information from the Office's online and offline records upon request. 
See Compendium (Third) 1804.2. Specifically, the proposed rule would 
allow, through a request made in writing (via hard copy or email) to 
the Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of the Office of 
Public Information and Education, the removal of extraneous PII such as 
driver's license numbers, social security numbers, banking information, 
and credit card information inadvertently included on a copyright 
registration application, at no cost. Such a request must contain the 
name of the author and/or claimant of record, the registration number 
associated with the record, and a

[[Page 63444]]

description of the extraneous PII that is to be removed. Once the 
Office receives the request it will act as expeditiously as possible to 
remove the extraneous PII from both its online and offline public 
records. The Office will not include any notation of this action in its 
records. The Office will also continue its informal practice of 
affirmatively removing or redacting extraneous PII from registration 
forms if it is found during and following the examination process, 
although this practice is not codified in the proposed rule.

List of Subjects in 37 CFR Parts 201 and 204

    Copyright, Information, Privacy, Records.

Proposed Regulations

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the U.S. Copyright 
Office proposes to amend parts 201 and 204 of 37 CFR chapter II as 
follows:

PART 201--GENERAL PROVISIONS

0
1. The authority citation for part 201 continues to read, in part, as 
follows:

    Authority: 17 U.S.C. 702.

0
2. In paragraph Sec.  201.1, revise the section heading and add 
paragraph (c)(8) to read as follows:


Sec.  201.1  Communication with the Copyright Office.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (8) Requests to remove PII from registration records. Requests to 
remove personally identifiable information from registration records 
pursuant to sections 201.2(e) and 201.2(f) should be addressed to: U.S. 
Copyright Office, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of the 
Office of Public Information and Education, P.O. Box 70400, Washington, 
DC 20024-0400. Requests should be clearly labeled ``Request to Remove 
Requested PII,'' ``Request for Reconsideration Following Denial of 
Request to Remove Requested PII,'' or ``Request to Remove Extraneous 
PII,'' as appropriate.
0
3. In Sec.  201.2, add paragraphs (e) and (f) to read as follows:


Sec.  201.2  Information given by the Copyright Office.

* * * * *
    (e) Requests for removal of requested personally identifiable 
information from the online public catalog. (1) In general, an author, 
claimant of record, or the authorized representative of the author or 
claimant of record may submit a request to remove certain requested 
personally identifiable information (``PII'') related to a copyright 
registration from the Copyright Office's online public catalog by 
following the procedure set forth in paragraph (e)(3) of this section. 
Where the requester provides verifiable, non-personally-identifiable 
substitute information to replace the PII being removed, the Office 
will grant the request unless it determines that the need to maintain 
the original information in the public record substantially outweighs 
the safety, privacy, or other stated concern. If the requester does not 
provide verifiable, non-personally-identifiable substitute information, 
the Office will grant the request only if the safety, privacy, or other 
stated concern substantially outweighs the need for the information to 
remain in the public record. The Office will review requests by joint 
authors or claimants on a case-by-case basis.
    (2) Categories of personally identifiable information that may be 
removed from the online public catalog include home addresses, personal 
telephone and fax numbers, and personal email addresses, except that:
    (i) Requests for removal of driver's license numbers, social 
security numbers, banking information, credit card information and 
other extraneous PII covered by paragraph (f) of this section are 
governed by the provisions of that paragraph.
    (ii) Requests to remove the address of a copyright claimant must be 
accompanied by a verifiable substitute address.
    (iii) Names of authors or claimants may not be removed or replaced 
with a pseudonym.
    (3) Requests for removal of PII from the online catalog must be in 
the form of an affidavit, must be accompanied by the non-refundable fee 
listed in Sec.  201.3(c), and must include the following information:
    (i) The copyright registration number(s).
    (ii) The name of the author and/or claimant of record on whose 
behalf the request is made.
    (iii) Identification of the specific PII that is to be removed.
    (iv) If applicable, verifiable non-personally-identifiable 
substitute information that should replace the PII to be removed.
    (v) A statement providing the reasons supporting the request. If 
the requester is not providing verifiable, non-personally-identifiable 
substitute information to replace the PII to be removed, this statement 
must explain in detail the specific threat to the individual's personal 
safety or personal security, or other circumstances, supporting the 
request.
    (vi) The statement, ``I declare under penalty of perjury that the 
foregoing is true and correct.''
    (vii) If the submission is by an authorized representative of the 
author or claimant of record, an additional statement, ``I am 
authorized to make this request on behalf of [name of author or 
claimant of record].''
    (viii) The signature of the author, claimant of record, or the 
authorized representative of the author or claimant of record.
    (ix) The date on which the request was signed.
    (x) A physical mailing address to which the Office's response may 
be sent (if no email is provided).
    (xi) A telephone number.
    (xii) An email address (if available).
    (4) Requests under this paragraph (e) must be mailed to the address 
listed in Sec.  201.1(c).
    (5) A properly submitted request will be reviewed by the Associate 
Register of Copyrights and Director of the Office Public Information 
and Education or his or her designee(s) to determine whether the 
request should be granted or denied. The Office will mail its decision 
to either grant or deny the request to the address indicated in the 
request.
    (6) If the request is granted, the Office will remove the 
information from the online public catalog. Where substitute 
information has been provided, the Office will add that information to 
the online public catalog. In addition, a note indicating that the 
online record has been modified will be added to the online 
registration record. A new certificate of registration will be issued 
that reflects the modified information. The Office will maintain a copy 
of the original registration record on file in the Copyright Office, 
and such records shall be open to public inspection and copying 
pursuant to paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section. The Office 
will also maintain in its offline records the correspondence related to 
the request to remove PII.
    (7) Requests for reconsideration of denied requests to remove PII 
from the online public catalog must be made in writing within 30 days 
from the date of the denial letter. The request for reconsideration, 
and a non-refundable fee in the amount specified in Sec.  201.3(c), 
must be mailed to the address listed in Sec.  201.1(c). The request 
must specifically address the grounds for denial of the initial 
request. Only one request for reconsideration will be considered per 
denial.
    (f) Requests for removal of extraneous PII from the public record. 
Upon written

[[Page 63445]]

request, the Office will remove driver's license numbers, social 
security numbers, banking information, credit card information, and 
other extraneous PII that was erroneously included on a registration 
application from the public record. There is no fee for this service. 
To make a request, the author, claimant, or the authorized 
representative of the author or claimant, must submit the request in 
writing to the email address or mailing address listed in Sec.  
201.1(c). Such a request must name the author and/or claimant, provide 
the registration number(s) associated for the record in question, and 
give a description of the extraneous PII that is to be removed. Once 
the request is received, the Office will remove the extraneous 
information from both its online and offline public records. The Office 
will not include any notation of this action in its records.
0
4. In Sec.  201.3, add paragraph (c)(19) to read as follows:


Sec.  201.3  Fees for registration, recordation, and related services, 
special services, and services performed by the Licensing Division.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Registration, recordation and related services          Fees ($)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                              * * * * * * *
(19) Removal of PII from Registration Records:
    (i) Initial request, per registration record........             130
    (ii) Reconsideration of denied requests, flat fee...              60
 
                              * * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

PART 204--PRIVACY ACT: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

0
5. The authority citation for part 204 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 17 U.S.C. 702; 5 U.S.C. 552(a).

0
6. Revise Sec.  204.7 to read as follows:


Sec.  204.7  Request for correction or amendment of records.

    (a) Any individual may request the correction or amendment of a 
record pertaining to her or him. Requests for the removal of requested 
personally identifiable information related to a copyright registration 
are governed by Sec.  201.2(e) of this chapter. Requests for the 
removal of extraneous personally identifiable information, such as 
driver's license numbers, social security numbers, banking information, 
and credit card information from registration records are governed by 
Sec.  201.2(f) of this chapter. With respect to the correction or 
amendment of all other information contained in a copyright 
registration, the set of procedures and related fees are governed by 17 
U.S.C. 408(d) and Sec.  201.5 of this chapter. With respect to requests 
to amend any other record that an individual believes is incomplete, 
inaccurate, irrelevant or untimely, the request shall be in writing and 
delivered either by mail addressed to the U.S. Copyright Office, 
Supervisory Copyright Information Specialist, Copyright Information 
Section, Attn: Privacy Act Request, P.O. Box 70400, Washington, DC 
20024-0400, or in person Monday through Friday between the hours of 
8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m., eastern time, except legal holidays, at Room LM-
401, Library of Congress, U.S. Copyright Office, 101 Independence 
Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20559-6000. The request shall explain why 
the individual believes the record to be incomplete, inaccurate, 
irrelevant, or untimely.
    (b) With respect to requests for the correction or amendment of 
records that are governed by this section, the Office will respond 
within 10 working days indicating to the requester that the requested 
correction or amendment has been made or that it has been refused. If 
the requested correction or amendment is refused, the Office's response 
will indicate the reason for the refusal and the procedure available to 
the individual to appeal the refusal.

    Dated: September 8, 2016.
Sarang V. Damle,
General Counsel and Associate Register of Copyrights.
[FR Doc. 2016-22011 Filed 9-14-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 1410-30-P