[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 122 (Friday, June 24, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 41262-41279]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-14982]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-TP-0023]
RIN 1904-AD70
Energy Efficiency Program: Test Procedure for Televisions;
Request for Information
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Request for Information (RFI).
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is initiating a rulemaking
to consider whether revisions are needed to the test procedure for
televisions. To inform interested parties and to facilitate this
process, DOE has gathered data and identified several issues associated
with the current DOE test procedure on which DOE is particularly
interested in receiving comment. The issues outlined in this document
mainly concern on-mode power measurement. DOE welcomes written comments
from the public on any subject within the scope of the television test
procedure (including topics not specifically raised in this request for
information).
DATES: Written comments and information are requested on or before July
25, 2016.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow
the instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested
persons may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2016-BT-
TP-0023, by any of the following methods:
Email: [email protected]. Include docket
number EERE-2016-BT-TP-0023 in the subject line of the message.
Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-5B, EERE-2016-BT-TP-0023,
1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585- 0121. Phone: (202)
586-2945. Please submit one signed paper original.
Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department
of Energy, Building Technologies Program, 6th Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza
SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one
signed paper original.
Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name
and docket number for this rulemaking. No telefacsimilies (faxes) will
be accepted.
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Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents and
comments received, go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EERE-2016-BT-TP-0023.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington,
DC 20585-0121. Telephone: 202-586-9870. Email: [email protected].
Jennifer Tiedeman, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: 202-287-6111. Email: [email protected].
For information on how to submit or review public comments, contact
Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program,
Mailstop EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Discussion
A. Evaluation of the IEC Test Clip
B. On-Mode Power Behavior With Motion Detection Functionality
1. Brand X #1
2. Brand X #3
3. Brand Y #4
C. Default Luminance With Motion Detection Functionality
D. Settings That Impact Motion Detection Functionality
E. Forced Menu
III. Submission of Comments
I. Introduction
On October 25, 2013, DOE published a final rule adopting the test
procedure for televisions (``TV procedure final rule'') at appendix H
to subpart B of 10 CFR part 430. 78 FR 63823. This test procedure
includes methods for measuring active mode (on-mode), standby mode, and
off mode power draw; screen luminance; and the annual energy use of
television sets. As part of the on-mode testing, DOE adopted the use of
the ``International Electrotechnical Commission 62087 Edition 3:
Methods of measurement for the power consumption of audio, video, and
related equipment'' (IEC 62087). IEC 62087 includes a video test clip
on a DVD and BluRay disc to be used when conducting on-mode testing
(IEC test clip), as well as screen luminance measurements (3-bar
image).
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (42 U.S.C. 6291, et
seq.; ``EPCA'') provides DOE the authority to consider and prescribe
new energy conservation test procedures for TVs. (All references to
EPCA refer to the statute as amended through the Energy Efficiency
Improvement Act of 2015 (EEIA 2015), Public Law 114-11 (April 30,
2015)). Specifically, section 323 of EPCA sets forth generally
applicable criteria and procedures for DOE's adoption and amendment of
test procedures. EPCA provides that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and shall not be unduly burdensome
to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
II. Discussion
A. Evaluation of the IEC Test Clip
DOE performed initial testing on three Brand X televisions (TVs),
one Brand Y TV, and one Brand Z TV to determine how representative the
current IEC test clip is in terms of measuring the energy use of TVs
during a representative average use cycle or period of use. Table 1 has
a description of each TV model DOE tested.
Table 1--TVs Included in DOE's Initial Testing
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Resolution (horizontal
ID # Screen size x vertical pixels) Smart TV (Y/N) Backlight Model year
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Brand X #1..................................................... 48'' 1920 x 1080 (1080p) Y LED 2015
Brand X #2..................................................... 48'' 1280 x 720 (720p) N LED 2014
Brand X #3..................................................... 48'' 3840 x 2160 (4k) Y LED 2015
Brand Y #4..................................................... 49'' 1920 x 1080 (1080p) Y LED 2015
Brand Z #5..................................................... 48'' 1920 x 1080 (1080p) Y LED 2015
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DOE tested each TV using multiple video clips and compared the
power measurements when using the IEC test clip compared to other video
clips. All video clips were upconverted to the TV's native resolution.
The following video clips were used for testing:
1. IEC Test Clip
``IEC 62087 Edition 3.0 Blu-Ray Disc dynamic broadcast-content
video signal.'' This is the standard video clip used as per the DOE
test procedure. The video is 620 seconds long, including 10 seconds
each of introduction and conclusion. The main content consists of
various moving scenes, each typically lasting a few seconds.
2. Recut IEC Test Clip
To create the recut IEC video, DOE edited the video in the original
IEC test clip. Specifically, DOE recut the original IEC video into
twenty 30-second portions, plus the 10-second introduction and
conclusion, and then shuffled the order of the clip.
3. Movie 1
The Movie 1 video is a 620-second portion of the BluRay movie
``Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.''
4. Movie 2
The Movie 2 video is a 620-second portion of a live-action movie
(``National Treasure'') recorded from an HD television broadcast. There
are no commercials during this 620 second segment.
5. News
The News video is a 620-second portion of live news programming
recorded from an HD television broadcast. It contains approximately 260
seconds of commercials, which occur in a single portion.
6. Sports 1
The Sports 1 video is a 620-second portion of a football game
recorded from an HD (1080i) television broadcast. It contains
approximately 270 seconds of commercials, which occur in two separate
portions.
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7. Sports 2
The Sports 2 video is a 620-second portion of a soccer game
recorded from an online HD (720p) source. It does not contain any
commercials.
DOE performed all this testing according to the DOE TV test
procedure (except for the substituted video clip). For TVs with
automatic brightness control enabled by default, DOE performed the
comparisons only at 100 lux lighting because DOE expects the same
behavior at all lux values. Table 2 shows the average on-mode power
draw in watts (W) for the TVs tested using the various video clips
described in this section.
Table 2--620-Second Average On Mode Power Draw for Each Tested TV
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Video clip Brand X #1 (W) Brand X #2 (W) Brand X #3 (W) BRAND Y #4 (W) Brand Z #5 (W)
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IEC............................. 52.7 29.7 91.1 42.6 69.4
Recut IEC....................... 52.4 29.7 93.6 41.4 69.1
Movie 1......................... 64.0 29.9 113.2 58.1 69.0
Movie 2......................... 54.8 29.6 103.7 48.3 69.8
News............................ 55.1 29.9 89.7 58.7 70.6
Sports 1........................ 51.7 29.7 95.2 52.8 69.7
Sports 2........................ 52.4 29.7 87.3 58.5 70.6
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While there was no significant difference in power draw for the
Brand X #2 or Brand Z #5 across all tested clips, Brand Y #4, Brand X
#1, and Brand X #3 exhibited differences in power draw between the IEC
test clips and other video sources. This difference in power draw
appears to be related to the amount of motion in the video clips,
discussed in further detail in the following section.
B. On-Mode Power Draw With Motion Detection Functionality
Brand X #1, Brand X #3 and Brand Y TVs have certain brightness
features enabled by default settings that are sometimes referred by
``Motion Lighting'' (ML) or ``Motion Eye Care'' (MEC). According to the
description in user manuals, these features reduce the brightness of
the TV when displaying high-motion content. The ML feature has two
options: On and Off. The MEC feature has three options: High, Low, and
Off. By default, the Brand X TVs were set to ``On'' and the Brand Y TV
was set to ``High.'' DOE conducted its initial testing of these models
using these default modes. DOE then disabled these features (i.e., DOE
set the TVs to ``ML Off'' and ``MEC Off,'' respectively) and re-ran all
of the test clips to evaluate how the features affect the TV power
draw. Again, the test setup and power measurements were performed
according to the DOE test procedure (except for the substituted video
clips). The following sections describe the test results for each of
the Brand X and Brand Y TVs.
1. Brand X #1
Table 3 shows the results of the tests for Brand X #1.
Table 3--620-Second Average Power Draw for Brand X #1 With ML On and ML Off
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Brand X #1 (W)
Video -----------------------------------------------
ML On ML Off % Increase
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IEC............................................................. 52.7 70.5 34
Recut IEC....................................................... 52.4 70.4 34
Movie 1......................................................... 64 70.2 10
Movie 2......................................................... 54.8 70.3 28
News............................................................ 55.1 70.4 28
Sports 1........................................................ 51.7 69.6 35
Sports 2........................................................ 52.4 70.4 34
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For Brand X #1, the IEC clip showed a 34% increase in power draw
when ML was off compared to ``ML On,'' which is the default setting.
The same increase was found when the units were tested using the Sports
1 and Sports 2 clips, but the increase was much smaller when the units
were tested using Movie 1. The following power traces over the duration
of each clip show in greater detail how ML affected the TV's on-mode
power draw.
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In summary, IEC, Sports 1, and Sports 2, ML On caused a sharp
reduction in the power draw near the beginning of each clip, and the
power draw remained lower for the duration of the clip. In the case of
Movie 2, ML On did not cause a reduction in the power draw until much
later in the clip. In the News clip, ML caused the TV to drop in power,
except for one portion in the middle of the clip. And for Movie 1, ML
had a much smaller impact and did not reduce Brand X 1's power draw
significantly. Thus, ML appeared to detect motion and reduce power when
a certain amount of motion was detected.
2. Brand X #3
Table 4 shows the results of the tests for Brand X #3.
Table 4--620-Second Average Power Draw for Brand X #3 With ML On and ML Off
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Brand X #3 (W)
Video -----------------------------------------------
ML On ML Off % Increase
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IEC............................................................. 91.1 103.3 13
Recut IEC....................................................... 93.6 102.9 10
Movie 1......................................................... 113.2 104.2 -8
Movie 2......................................................... 103.7 103.3 0
News............................................................ 89.7 104.2 16
Sports 1........................................................ 95.2 103.1 8
Sports 2........................................................ 87.3 104.6 20
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Brand X #3 showed a slightly different behavior than Brand X #1.
Although the average power draw by Brand X #3 while playing IEC with ML
On was still very close to the lowest power draw across all of the
video clips, the power draw by Brand X #3 while playing News and Sports
2 content was even lower. For Movie 1 and Movie 2, the TV used even
more power with ML On than ML Off. With ML Off, the power values were
fairly consistent regardless of video clip. The following power traces
over the duration of each clip show in greater detail how ML affected
the TV's on-mode power draw.
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With ML Off, the power traces were all generally flat regardless of
video clip. With ML On, the power measurement fluctuated significantly
but, unlike Brand X #1, the measured power was greater for certain
clips than with ML Off.
3. Brand Y #4
Table 5 shows the results of the tests for Brand Y #4.
Table 5--620-Second Average Power Draw for Brand Y #4 With MEC High and MEC Off
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Brand Y #4 (W)
Video -----------------------------------------------
MEC High MEC Off % Increase
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IEC............................................................. 42.6 60.7 42
Recut IEC....................................................... 41.4 60.6 46
Movie 1......................................................... 58.1 60.5 4
Movie 2......................................................... 48.3 60.5 25
News............................................................ 58.7 61.1 4
Sports 1........................................................ 52.8 60.6 15
Sports 2........................................................ 58.5 60.8 4
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For Brand Y #4, the IEC test clip showed the lowest power draw
associated with any of the video clips using MEC High (default). Movie
1, News, and Sports 2 showed little difference between power draw using
MEC High and MEC Off, whereas Movie 2 and Sports 1 showed a larger
difference between the two modes. The largest difference in power
between MEC High and MEC Off occurred when testing using the IEC clip
and the recut IEC clip. The following power traces over the duration of
each clip show in greater detail how MEC affected the TV's on-mode
power draw.
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For all video clips other than IEC and recut IEC, MEC seemed to
have very little impact on the power draw of the TV. Although the MEC
setting had some impact on power draw during the Movie 2 and Sports 1
clips, the impact was much less significant than with respect to the
IEC clip.
4. Observations
Based on the results, it appears that ML and MEC have different
impacts on power draw among different content and TV models. However,
for all tested models, the IEC clip usually triggered the largest
reduction in power when enabled, implying that the IEC clip and recut
IEC clip contained the most motion among all of the tested video clips.
This is consistent with DOE's observation of the IEC test clip, which
is composed of short segments of high motion video stitched together,
so that the video content has faster changing scenes compared to most
content a user typically would watch. Thus, DOE is seeking feedback on
the following questions:
What is the utility to the user of the dimming of screen
luminance based on high levels of motion found in television content?
Does this feature adversely impact the typical consumer viewing
experience?
What alternative video content could DOE use in its test
procedure to better capture TV performance during a representative
average use cycle or period of use?
C. Default Luminance With Motion Detection Functionality
DOE also evaluated how ML and MEC affected the default luminance in
the three TV models discussed above, as measured by the DOE test
procedure. Because luminance is measured with a static 3-bar image, DOE
evaluated whether the ML or MEC feature would have any impact on the
luminance of different parts of the screen. Table 6 results show that
screen luminance, as measured by the DOE test procedure, is unchanged
whether ML or MEC are enabled or disabled.
Table 6--Measured Screen Luminance and Power for Brand X #1, Brand X #3, and Brand Y #4
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TV Brand X #1 Brand X #3 Brand Y #4
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ML/MEC State On Off On Off On Off
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Bottom Luminance (cd/m\2\).................... 174 172 227 200 186 186
Center Luminance (cd/m\2\).................... 191 188 255 223 227 227
Top Luminance (cd/m\2\)....................... 158 155 232 203 188 187
Power (W)..................................... 63.1 67.5 108.9 99.4 60.4 60.4
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ML and MEC affect the luminance during on-mode testing using a test
clip, but this effect is not captured with the luminance test using the
static 3-bar image specified in the DOE test procedure. Thus, the
luminance test does not necessarily capture and therefore is not
necessarily representative of normal use, depending on whether a TV is
shipped with a higher or lower luminance setting. DOE is seeking
information on the following questions:
Does the current luminance test capture the impact of ML
and/or MEC during a representative average use cycle or period of use?
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What alternative luminance tests, if any, would provide
useful information about how a TV performs during a representative
average use cycle or period of use?
D. Settings That Impact Motion Detection Functionality
Last, DOE evaluated the preset picture settings that enabled ML and
MEC in the tested units. While ML and MEC were always enabled in the
default picture setting of the tested units, none of the other preset
picture settings had these features enabled. For Brand Y, there were 6
preset picture settings other than the default setting (Vivid,
Standard, Cinema, Sports, Game, and Expert), all of which disabled MEC.
And in the case of Brand X's ML feature, only the default picture
setting left ML enabled, and any change to the brightness or contrast
of the TV automatically disabled ML. Based on these findings, DOE seeks
feedback on the following questions:
How does the manufacturer determine if a particular
picture setting should have this motion detection feature enabled or
disabled?
How common is it for users to operate TVs in the default
setting throughout the lifetime of the TV? Are there any data
suggesting that users are encouraged to disable motion detection
features or any other special function by the user manual or any other
product information?
DOE found that changes to a television's picture setting
and/or adjustments to the brightness or contrast of a TV may
automatically disable a special function, such as a motion detection
feature, that is part of the default setting. Given this finding, does
the television test procedure, which conducts the on-mode power test in
the default setting, measure on-mode power in the television
configuration that is representative of typical use?
E. Forced Menu
DOE recognizes that picture settings, such as brightness and
contrast, and configuration of special functions, such as quick start
or energy efficiency modes, have a significant impact on the energy
consumption of a TV. DOE received numerous comments and went through
several revisions of its test procedure proposals \1\ in order to
establish the current uniform test method for measuring the power
consumption of television sets that provides manufacturers with clear
instructions regarding how to configure the picture mode settings for
testing the on-mode power draw of a television. As ultimately adopted,
the DOE test procedure for televisions requires that on-mode power be
measured using the default picture setting. This is the as-shipped
preset picture setting that the television enters upon initial set-up.
Recognizing that some TVs are designed to automatically display message
prompts requiring the user to select configurable options (as opposed
to the user proactively entering the settings menu to configure the
television), DOE requires in these instances that the most power
consumptive option be selected when testing the unit (see section 5.5
of the DOE test procedure). Additionally, the test procedure requires
that the home configuration be selected, if prompted, from a forced
menu (as opposed to a retail configuration).
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\1\ Television Test Procedure Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 77
FR 2830 (January 19, 2012) and Television Test Procedure
Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 78 FR 15807 (March 12,
2013).
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Essentially, the selection of the home configuration is the only
exception to the requirement that the tester must select the most
energy consumptive option when setting up a television for the on-mode
test. So, if given a choice between home or retail configurations, the
tester should always select the home configuration even if the retail
configuration is more consumptive. For any other prompt, whether it is
from the initial setup menu or a separate message prompt that appears
at another time during the on-mode operation of the TV, the tester must
always select the most energy consumptive configuration. DOE's intent
is to ensure that manufacturers include energy-saving features as part
of the default picture setting (without automatically displaying a
message prompt to configure the feature) if they wish for that feature
to be enabled when measuring the on-mode power. While DOE is certainly
not opposed to manufacturers providing options that make their
televisions more efficient than the default settings, DOE intends for
the test procedure to capture the power of a TV that is measured using
the most commonly used picture setting--which DOE assumed to be the
default setting. A TV is only tested with special functions that reduce
energy consumption turned on if they are truly part of the most
commonly used settings (currently presumed to be default), and there
are no prompts that appear which provide users an option to disable
them.
In providing these specifications, DOE attempted to cover all
television design scenarios to ensure that the TV was set up in this
manner. However, one manufacturer has argued that the current language
in the DOE test procedure allows users to select options other than the
most consumptive configuration during initial television setup under
certain forced menu designs. For example, in the preamble to the TV
test procedure final rule, DOE assumed a forced menu would first
request selecting either home or retail configuration, and then
subsequent message prompts that appear after the initial selection of
home or retail would request configuration of other special functions,
such as enabling or disabling energy efficient modes. In discussing the
configuration of special functions in the preamble to the TV test
procedure final rule, DOE discussed the special function configuration
criteria in section 5.5 of the DOE Test Procedure assuming that the
message prompt requesting configuration of a special function came
after the initial selection of the home configuration from a forced
menu. While DOE assumed this message prompt would come after the
initial selection of the home configuration from a forced menu, DOE's
intention is that manufacturers would select the most energy
consumptive option if prompted at any time, even if that question came
on the initial forced menu before the initial selection of the home
configuration. DOE clarified the television configuration requirements
by issuing a final guidance document in April 2014 \2\ that clearly
specified the most power consumptive configuration must be selected
whenever a message prompt is displayed requesting configuration of a
special function, including configurations selected from a forced menu.
However, given the findings discussed in paragraph (d) of this RFI that
energy saving features may automatically disable when changing preset
picture settings or adjusting television brightness or contrast, DOE
requests stakeholder comments on whether testing the television in its
default configuration is appropriate.
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\2\ See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/guidance/detail_search.aspx?IDQuestion=647&pid=2&spid=1.
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Given the advancement in television design, the ability of
manufacturers to customize the design of their forced menus, and the
rationale behind testing televisions in the default configuration, DOE
seeks to ensure that the forced menu, special function configurations,
and any other requirements related to setting up the television for
conducting the on-mode power measurement are clear and representative
of an average use cycle.
Hence, DOE is soliciting comment on the following questions:
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Is the regulatory text clear on how to set-up a television
for testing? Are there ways for definitions or requirements in the
television test procedure regulatory text to be rewritten to ensure
that all requirements related to setting up a television for testing
are objective and would apply uniformly regardless of television
design?
Should DOE consider measuring on-mode power in picture
settings other than the default picture setting? If so, what picture
setting(s) should be tested, and how can DOE prescribe picture setting
testing requirements that are representative of television settings
during a representative average use cycle or period of use, as well as
ensure that the requirements are repeatable and reproducible in a
laboratory testing environment?
III. Submission of Comments
DOE invites all interested parties to submit in writing by July 25,
2016, comments and information on matters addressed in this RFI and on
other matters relevant to the test procedure for televisions.
After the close of the comment period, DOE will begin collecting
data, conducting analyses, and reviewing public comments. These actions
will be taken to aid in the revision of the test procedure NOPR for
televisions, if DOE determines that revisions are necessary.
DOE considers public participation to be a very important part of
the process for developing test procedures. DOE actively encourages the
participation and interaction of the public during the comment period.
Interactions with and between members of the public provide a balanced
discussion of the issues and assist DOE in the rulemaking process.
Anyone who wishes to be added to the DOE mailing list to receive future
notices and information about this rulemaking may do so at https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/34.
Issued in Washington, DC, on June 16, 2016.
Kathleen Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy.
[FR Doc. 2016-14982 Filed 6-23-16; 8:45 am]
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