[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 36 (Wednesday, February 24, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 9252-9325]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-03409]
[[Page 9251]]
Vol. 81
Wednesday,
No. 36
February 24, 2016
Part II
Department of Commerce
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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50 CFR Parts 223 and 226
Endangered and Threatened Species; Designation of Critical Habitat for
Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon and Puget Sound Steelhead; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 81 , No. 36 / Wednesday, February 24, 2016 /
Rules and Regulations
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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
50 CFR Parts 223 and 226
[Docket No. 110726419-6003-02]
RIN 0648-BB30
Endangered and Threatened Species; Designation of Critical
Habitat for Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon and Puget Sound Steelhead
AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: We, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), issue a
final rule to designate critical habitat for lower Columbia River coho
salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Puget Sound steelhead (O. mykiss)
pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The specific areas
designated for lower Columbia River coho include approximately 2,300 mi
(3,701 km) of freshwater and estuarine habitat in Oregon and
Washington. The specific areas designated for Puget Sound steelhead
include approximately 2,031 mi (3,269 km) of freshwater and estuarine
habitat in Puget Sound, WA. In developing this final rule we considered
public and peer review comments, as well as economic and other relevant
impacts. We are excluding a number of particular areas from designation
because the benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion,
and exclusion will not result in the extinction of the species.
DATES: This final rule becomes effective on March 25, 2016.
ADDRESSES: Comments and materials received, as well as supporting
documentation used in the preparation of this final rule, are available
for public inspection by appointment, during normal business hours, at
the National Marine Fisheries Service, NMFS, Protected Resources
Division, 1201 NE. Lloyd Blvd., Suite 1100, Portland, OR 97232-1274.
The final rule, maps, and other materials relating to these
designations can be found on our Web site at http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/habitat/critical_habitat/critical_habitat_on_the_wc.html.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Steve Stone, NMFS, West Coast Region,
Protected Resources Division, at the address above or at 503-231-2317;
or Maggie Miller, NMFS, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring,
MD, 301-427-8403.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
We are responsible for determining whether species, subspecies, or
distinct population segments (DPSs) are threatened or endangered and
which areas of their habitat constitute critical habitat for them under
the ESA (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). To be considered for listing under
the ESA, a group of organisms must constitute a ``species,'' which is
defined in section 3 to include ``any subspecies of fish or wildlife or
plants, and any distinct population segment of any species of
vertebrate fish or wildlife which interbreeds when mature.'' We have
determined that a group of Pacific salmon populations (including lower
Columbia River coho) qualifies as a DPS if it is substantially
reproductively isolated and represents an important component in the
evolutionary legacy of the biological species (56 FR 58612, November
20, 1991). A group of Pacific steelhead populations qualifies as a DPS
if it is markedly separate and significant to its taxon (61 FR 4722,
February 7, 1996; 71 FR 834, January 5, 2006). In previous rulemakings,
we determined that lower Columbia River coho (70 FR 37160, June 28,
2005) and Puget Sound steelhead (72 FR 26722, May 11, 2007) are each
DPSs that warrant protection as threatened species under the ESA. We
also determined that critical habitat was not determinable at the time
of those final listing decisions and announced that we would designate
critical habitat in separate rulemaking.
Since the time of listing, the recovery planning process has
progressed for these two DPSs and additional new information is now
available to better inform the designation process. In view of these
developments, we published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking
(ANPR) on January 10, 2011 (76 FR 1392), to make the public aware of
the opportunity to provide us with comments and information that may be
useful in making proposed critical habitat designations for these two
DPSs. We received several comments and datasets in response to the ANPR
and these were reviewed and incorporated as appropriate into documents
and analyses supporting our proposed rule that was published on January
14, 2013 (78 FR 2726). The specific areas proposed for designation for
lower Columbia River coho included approximately 2,300 mi (3,701 km) of
freshwater and estuarine habitat in Oregon and Washington. The specific
areas proposed for designation for Puget Sound steelhead included
approximately 2,031 mi (3,268 km) of freshwater and estuarine habitat
in Puget Sound, WA. We proposed to exclude a number of particular areas
from designation because the benefits of exclusion outweighed the
benefits of inclusion and we determined that exclusion would not result
in the extinction of the DPSs.
The proposed rule (78 FR 2726, January 14, 2013) provided
background on the process and rationale we used to identify critical
habitat for lower Columbia River coho salmon and Puget Sound steelhead,
including: the species' biology and habitat use, the statutory and
regulatory aspects of critical habitat designations, and the methods
and criteria used to identify critical habitat. More details regarding
life history and habitat requirements of lower Columbia River coho and
Puget Sound steelhead are found later in this final rule under Species
Descriptions and Area Assessments, as well as in the proposed rule,
agency status reviews (NMFS, 2001; NMFS, 2005a; NMFS, 2011), and a
biological report supporting this rulemaking (NMFS, 2015a).
Summary of Changes From the Proposed Critical Habitat Designation
After considering public comments received and updating the best
scientific information available, in this final rule we have made the
following changes from the proposed rule: (1) Added 74 miles (119 km)
of occupied habitat to the critical habitat designation for lower
Columbia River coho; (2) removed 82 miles (132 km) of areas incorrectly
identified as occupied by lower Columbia River coho in the proposed
critical habitat designation; (3) added 101 miles (163 km) of occupied
habitat to the critical habitat designation for Puget Sound steelhead;
(4) removed 27 miles (43 km) of areas incorrectly identified as
occupied by Puget Sound steelhead in the proposed critical habitat
designation; (5) designated critical habitat in 85 miles (137 km) of
occupied steelhead habitat on the Kitsap Peninsula originally proposed
for exclusion; and (6) corrected the erroneous reference to the Puget
Sound subbasin in our regulations. These changes from the proposed rule
are discussed further below in the response to comments and summarized
for each specific watershed in the range of the DPSs in Tables 1 and 2.
We are also adding regulatory text to update the column labeled
``Critical habitat'' in the table of threatened species in 50 CFR
223.102(e) to cross-reference this final critical habitat
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designation for the lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound steelhead
DPSs.
Summary of Comments and Responses
We requested comments on the proposed rule and associated
supporting reports to designate critical habitat for lower Columbia
River coho and Puget Sound steelhead. The draft biological report and
draft economic analysis were also each reviewed by three peer
reviewers. We received 22 individual submissions in response to the
proposed rule. All of the comments received, including those of two
peer reviewers, expressed either general support for designating
critical habitat or support for our exclusion of particular areas
within the larger designated areas. The comments received and our
responses to them are summarized by topic below.
Occupied Areas
Comment 1: Several commenters, including fisheries co-managers,
raised issues about the fish distribution data used to identify
occupied areas. One commenter believed that we had defined occupied
areas too narrowly and, as a result, greatly underestimated the current
and historical extent of species distribution. This and other
commenters expressed particular concern about the data used to identify
areas occupied by Puget Sound steelhead, noting that our maps appeared
to be incomplete and that steelhead would be expected to be more
widespread than Puget Sound Chinook.
Response: In determining which occupied areas to consider as
critical habitat we relied on the statutory definition of critical
habitat (ESA section 3(5)(A)) and our regulations at 50 CFR 424.12 and
focused on identifying the specific areas within the geographical area
occupied by the species, at the time they were listed, on which are
found those physical or biological features essential to the
conservation of the species and which may require special management
considerations or protection. As noted in our proposed rule (78 FR
2726, January 14, 2013), our mapping of occupied areas includes stream
reaches where the species has been observed (within the past 20 years,
but typically more recently) or where it is presumed to occur based on
the professional judgment of biologists familiar with the watershed and
the availability of suitable habitat, in particular the location of
known barriers.
We relied on the best available information regarding species
distribution from state, tribal and federal co-managers in Oregon and
Washington. In response to comments and new datasets (Oregon Department
of Fish and Wildlife [ODFW], 2015; Washington Department of Fish and
Wildlife [WDFW], 2015) obtained from these co-managers, we made
numerous minor edits to the data and maps supporting the critical
habitat designations for lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound
steelhead. Edits included both removing and adding stream reaches to
better reflect the areas that warrant designation as critical habitat.
For coho we made 107 edits and for steelhead we made 101 edits to
stream reaches in our Geographic Information System (GIS) dataset. The
majority of edits involved small stream segments less than 0.7 miles
(1.1 km) in length. The most substantial edit for coho was to remove
approximately 69 stream miles (111 km) above Shipherd Falls in the Wind
River watershed because co-managers provided information leading us to
agree and conclude that coho did not use this area historically nor
have they been seen in the past 20 years of stream surveys. For
steelhead, the most substantial edit was to remove approximately 6
miles (10 km) in the Upper North Fork Nooksack River watershed where
co-managers commented that our proposed distribution in Canyon Creek
extended beyond the upper extent of steelhead presence. Tables 1 and 2
summarize the edits made for coho and steelhead, respectively, and our
final biological report (NMFS, 2015a) provides greater details and maps
depicting these edits. Ultimately, the edits resulted in minor
refinements to the proposed designation.
We acknowledge that the areas we considered as meeting the ESA
definition of ``occupied'' may not include all areas where fish might
be present, especially in the case of steelhead, which are known to
penetrate relatively high-gradient stream reaches not commonly used by
Chinook and other salmon species (WDFW, 2000). In preparing the
proposed rule and this final rule we reviewed (and made modifications
based on) the most recent distribution datasets available using a GIS
that allowed us to discern whether a stream reach was occupied or not.
In many cases, the available data included numerous `modeled' stream
reaches that might be occupied by the species based on stream gradient
and known barriers to anadromous fish. We considered these modeled
reaches to be occupied if the dataset also had supporting annotation
indicating that there was a documented field observation that the
species was present, or that there was an analysis demonstrating why it
was reasonable to conclude the species was present (professional
judgment). A substantial number of modeled reaches did not have such
annotation. Stream surveys and species mapping efforts are ongoing for
these species. As new information becomes available, we have the
ability to revise the critical habitat designations in the future, as
appropriate.
Comment 2: One commenter asserted that we must identify sufficient
habitat to provide for the essential life cycle needs of the species
(foraging, migrating and overwintering areas) and that this may require
designating habitat that is not occupied for significant portions of
the year, but is `essential to the conservation' of the species.
Response: In our critical habitat assessment we did take into
account the life cycles of lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound
steelhead, and our descriptions of essential physical and biological
features reflect the habitat needs of coho and steelhead at various
life stages. Based on these habitat needs and the best available
information regarding species distribution, we identified some areas in
nearly all watersheds which are not continuously ``occupied,''
including freshwater-to-seawater connectivity corridors and reaches
with seasonal, side channel habitats important for overwintering
juveniles. Additionally, we also proposed for designation as critical
habitat for Puget Sound steelhead areas in the upper Elwha River that
were unoccupied at the time of listing but deemed essential for the
species' conservation (NMFS, 2015a). The areas proposed for
designation--now informed by public comments--reflect the best
available information regarding the areas and features qualifying as
critical habitat for each species.
Comment 3: Several commenters presented comments and data regarding
specific locations where they believed that adjustments were warranted
to our mapping of species' distribution.
Response: We considered the comments and data and, in addition to
our responses above, we have summarized the resulting adjustments
(mostly relatively minor mapping edits) to particular streams/locations
in the Tables 1 and 2.
Critical Habitat Analytical Review Team (CHART) Report and Watershed
Ratings
Comment 4: Several comments addressed the CHART process for rating
watersheds and how that process impacts whether or not a watershed
might be included as critical habitat. One peer reviewer commended the
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Puget Sound CHART work and believed that the assessment identified
uncertainties and distinguished facts from professional judgments. One
commenter, focusing on Puget Sound steelhead, expressed concern that
the CHART ratings of watershed conservation values were too reliant on
our 2005 critical habitat designation for Puget Sound Chinook. A second
peer reviewer focused on the lower Columbia River coho evolutionarily
significant unit (ESU) and commented that, for the most part, the draft
designations rely on extensive, current and robust science to propose
many important protections that will be critical for protecting and
recovering threatened populations in this ESU. One commenter noted that
while the CHART report provided substantial information, the process
used to translate CHART watershed scores into ratings of watershed
conservation values was not always clear. This commenter was concerned
specifically about the low ratings given to the Sammamish and Lake
Washington watersheds and their resultant exclusion due to economic
impacts.
Response: The CHART process supporting these critical habitat
designations relied on the professional judgement of 16 NMFS biologists
with considerable species and habitat expertise reviewing the best
available scientific information. That process, described in detail in
the CHART report (NMFS, 2015a), involved multiple review phases that
culminated in assigning conservation value ratings of ``high'',
``medium'', or ``low'' to each watershed/area. In addition to a phase
that involved scoring various parameters for each watershed, the CHART
process for assigning watershed ratings also considered additional
information about the relationship of each watershed/area to others in
the range of the DPS, and information about the population occupying
each watershed/area and that population's relationship to other
populations in the DPS. The CHART report includes annotation in tables
under a heading ``Comments/Other Considerations'' for each watershed to
aid in understanding the resultant ratings.
The essential physical and biological features used to designate
critical habitat for lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound
steelhead are the same as those used for all other west coast salmon
and steelhead designations completed since our comprehensive review in
2005 (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005). Given the broad similarities in
life history and habitat requirements shared by different species of
salmonids, it is not surprising that many watersheds have similar
conservation value ratings. However, the CHART report acknowledges that
such ratings can and do differ due to species-specific differences in
population structure and habitat utilization. For example, there were a
number of cases (15 out of 66 watersheds) where watershed ratings for
Puget Sound steelhead differed from ratings made for the same watershed
in our 2005 designation for Puget Sound Chinook (70 FR 52630, September
2, 2005). In the case of lower Columbia River coho, an even higher
proportion (24 out of 55 watersheds) differed with the watershed
ratings made in our 2005 designation for lower Columbia River Chinook.
The CHART report describes the basis for giving three of the four
watersheds in the Lake Washington subbasin a low conservation value for
Puget Sound steelhead, namely, significant manmade hydrological changes
and development have contributed to generally poor quality habitat
features. Also, it is unclear to what degree steelhead utilized
tributaries in these three watersheds. In the case of the fourth
watershed (Cedar River), the CHART expressed similar concerns but also
noted that this watershed has the best and most extensive habitat
remaining in the subbasin as well as a substantial resident O. mykiss
population that may play an important role in steelhead production in
Central and South Puget Sound. As a result, the Cedar River watershed
was assigned a medium rating for conservation value and, unlike the
other low-value watersheds, was not subject to exclusion due to
economic impacts.
Comment 5: Shortly after we published the proposed rule, a peer
reviewer notified us that they had found errors and omissions to
Appendix B of the Puget Sound steelhead assessment in the CHART report,
including: An incorrect legend to a map, a missing map, and some
information missing from a comment field within a table.
Response: We promptly made the corrections and posted an updated
version of the CHART report, 3 days after publication of the proposed
rule, available via the internet on our agency ESA critical habitat
page. The missing map was also made available to the public at the same
time via Regulations.gov under the ``Supporting Documents'' for the
proposed rule.
Areas Upstream of Barriers
Several comments addressed our assessment of the conservation value
of areas that were unoccupied at the time the species were listed due
to dams that have since been removed, specifically Elwha and Glines
Canyon dams on the Elwha River (in the range of the Puget Sound
steelhead) and Condit Dam on the White Salmon River (in the range of
lower Columbia River coho). Another commenter recommended that we
consider designating areas above Cushman Dam on the Skokomish River as
critical habitat for Puget Sound steelhead. In contrast, one commenter
was concerned about designating critical habitat above natural barriers
that historically blocked access for salmon and steelhead. We address
comments specific to each area/barrier below.
Comment 6--Elwha Dams (Elwha River): In our proposed rule, we
solicited comments and information regarding historical areas upstream
of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams, which were removed between 2011
and 2014 thereby re-establishing access for Puget Sound steelhead and
other anadromous fish to the upper watershed. We received one comment
on this solicitation from a peer reviewer (who agreed with our
assessment) and distribution data from a co-manager identifying
additional habitat areas in the upper Elwha River that have the
potential to support steelhead.
Response: Based on the best available information, we conclude that
approximately 48 miles of habitat above both dams are essential for the
conservation of Puget Sound steelhead and have designated those stream
reaches as critical habitat. In doing so, we have also reviewed the
data provided by a co-manager and added approximately 2.6 miles (4.2
km; see Table 2) to areas we proposed in the upper Elwha River.
Steelhead began re-colonizing the upper Elwha soon after dam removal
began (e.g., Mapes, 2012) and the areas we are designating as critical
habitat are consistent with those believed to be historically
accessible to steelhead (Hard et al., 2015; Myers et al., 2015).
Comment 7--Condit Dam (White Salmon River): In our proposed rule,
we solicited comments and information regarding areas upstream of
Condit Dam (decommissioned in 2011) and whether such areas warrant
designation as critical habitat for lower Columbia River coho. Several
commenters presented divergent opinions on the matter. One commenter
stated that the river downstream of the former Condit Dam is steep and
contains little suitable spawning gravel, and the river upstream of the
former Condit Dam lacks the required characteristics of the described
primary constituent elements (PCEs). This commenter further asserted
that
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the upper White Salmon River basin is not presently occupied by coho
and historically contained only a small population of coho given the
terrain and the lack of PCEs. Another commenter also asserted that PCEs
for coho were of poor quality in the White Salmon River and that it
will be decades before the migratory corridor meets the PCE conditions
of submerged and overhanging large wood, aquatic vegetation, large
rocks and boulders, side channels, and undercut banks supporting
juvenile and adult mobility and survival. One commenter noted that most
of the lower 12 miles (19 km) of the White Salmon River is subject to
elevated levels of protection under either the Management Plan for the
Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area or the Lower White Salmon
National Wild and Scenic River Management Plan. This protection, along
with other arguments, led the commenter to conclude that critical
habitat should not be designated in the White Salmon River watershed.
In contrast, four commenters recommended designating critical habitat
in the upper portions of the White Salmon River watershed now that
Condit Dam has been removed. One commenter noted that fish distribution
modeling by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife indicates
that coho could make extensive usage of this watershed. Another
commenter stated that NMFS should place particular weight on the fact
that a major reason for the dam's removal was because of the negative
impact the dam had on native fish. The other two commenters recommended
designating critical habitat in the upper portions of the watershed but
did not provide any new information that was not already considered by
the CHART.
Response: In our proposed rule, we noted the CHART's assessment
that access to habitat above the Condit Dam site that was unoccupied at
the time of listing would likely provide a benefit to lower Columbia
River coho, but it was unclear whether such habitat is essential for
conservation of the entire DPS. None of the information received during
the public comment period changes this conclusion and, therefore, we
maintain that areas occupied by lower Columbia River coho at the time
of listing (below the Condit Dam site) warrant designation as critical
habitat whereas unoccupied areas upstream do not. The 2013 ESA Recovery
Plan for the White Salmon River (NMFS, 2013) describes the historical
White Salmon coho population as extinct or nearly so and that the
preferred approach for species reintroduction is to allow natural
straying into the river. That plan goes on to recommend monitoring
natural escapement and production and the possibility for hatchery
alternatives if population recovery is determined to be too slow. We
will monitor any new information and consider it, as appropriate, in
any future revision to this designation.
Comment 8--Cushman Dam (Skokomish River): Two commenters, including
a peer reviewer, advocated for the designation of critical habitat in
the North Fork Skokomish River above the Cushman Dam. Two commenters
believed that critical habitat in the North Fork of the Skokomish River
should be extended into the upper basin to include all accessible areas
above Cushman Dam (including Big Creek). One of these commenters
asserted that the potential increased steelhead production from the
upper basin will be essential for recovery of the population.
Response: Areas above Cushman Dam were inaccessible and unoccupied
by Puget Sound steelhead at the time of listing. The CHART reviewed
information about the Skokomish watershed and rated it of high
conservation value noting extensive PCEs and the largest intact estuary
in Hood Canal (NMFS, 2015a). In a recent assessment of viability
criteria for Puget Sound steelhead (Hard et al., 2015) several Team
members noted that there has been considerable debate as to whether
winter-run steelhead historically had access beyond the series of falls
in the lower North Fork Skokomish River below the dam. Also, most of
the habitat above the dam with high intrinsic potential for steelhead
remains inundated by Lake Cushman (Hard et al., 2015). As a result of a
2009 settlement between the Skokomish tribe and Tacoma Public
Utilities, the latter agreed to install fish passage facilities on the
North Fork Skokomish River to reestablish access for anadromous fish
into the upper watershed. In contrast to areas in the upper Elwha
River, which are now readily accessible to steelhead, steelhead access
to stream reaches above Cushman Dam will rely on recently developed
trap and haul methods. In our 2010 ESA biological opinion for the
Cushman Hydroelectric Project (NMFS, 2010) we noted that allowing
steelhead access to areas upstream will enhance the species' spatial
structure and diversity characteristics. We also noted that juvenile
passage through storage reservoirs like Cushman, which have no
measurable river current in much of their length, is a developing
technology. This technology has only recently been implemented (Tacoma
Power, 2014 and 2015) and it will be some time before we can discern
the effects on steelhead production in the basin. For these reasons, we
conclude that it is unclear whether areas above Cushman Dam are
essential to the conservation of Puget Sound steelhead but we will
revisit this issue if recovery planning indicates otherwise.
Comment 9--Waterfalls: One commenter recommended that we exclude
occupied areas we proposed as critical habitat upstream of three
waterfalls in the range of Puget Sound steelhead that historically
prevented steelhead passage but access was made possible via fish
ladders or trap-and-haul operations. The specific sites are Tumwater
Falls on the Deschutes River, Granite Falls on the South Fork
Stillaguamish, and Sunset Falls on the South Fork Skykomish River.
Response: We disagree with this recommendation. Although these
areas were blocked historically, the implementation of fish ladders and
trap and haul operations in the 1950s resulted in Puget Sound steelhead
occupying the blocked areas at the time we listed the DPS. Although the
recent Technical Recovery Team (TRT) report (Myers et al., 2015) does
not identify historical demographically independent populations in
these blocked areas, the areas were occupied by steelhead at the time
of listing and contain the essential features. We acknowledge that in
some of the areas noted by the commenter it is possible that many of
the steelhead present are not considered to be part of the DPS (e.g.,
non-native Skamania Hatchery steelhead above Granite Falls). However,
with access to steelhead now established, it is not possible to rule
out the presence of some ESA-listed fish in these areas and GIS data we
reviewed identified steelhead in these areas (NMFS, 2015a). We conclude
that the areas identified in this comment warrant designation as
critical habitat (but also note that numerous river reaches in these
areas are excluded due to their overlap with lands covered by Habitat
Conservation Plans; see Table 2).
Lateral Extent of Critical Habitat
Comment 10: Several commenters expressed opinions about our
approach of defining critical habitat as the width of the stream
channel defined by the ordinary high-water line or bankfull width.
Those opinions generally consisted of concerns that such an approach
ignored the importance of adjacent riparian areas and floodplains. For
example, one peer reviewer stated: ``[m]any of the PCEs identified for
steelhead depend on watersheds as a
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whole (including, for example, riparian habitat, upslope habitats,
unoccupied tributaries) and not just the stream reaches that steelhead
physically occupy. Consequently, it may be difficult or impossible to
conserve steelhead by limiting critical habitat designation only to the
wetted stream reaches that they physically use. For example, there is
an abundance of scientific information supporting that adjacent
riparian zones are integrally tied to the instream habitats. In my
mind, this supports the designation of, for example, a riparian zone as
critical habitat for steelhead. It is unclear whether or how this is
taken into account by NMFS in the designation of critical habitat if
the purpose is to truly conserve steelhead.'' Another peer reviewer
expressed similar concerns and stated that: ``[t]he justification for
excluding riparian and floodplain areas from critical habitat is
unsupported by the analysis in the designation'' and noted that many
approaches have been developed for defining riparian zones of influence
and that using metrics like ordinary high water or bankfull width comes
with its own set of ambiguities and difficulties.
Response: In the section Lateral Extent of Critical Habitat we
describe our past and current approaches to this issue. We acknowledge
that the quality of aquatic habitat within stream channels is
intrinsically related to the adjacent riparian zones and floodplain,
surrounding wetlands and uplands, and non-fish-bearing streams above
occupied stream reaches. However, we maintain that it is reasonable to
assert that: (1) Stream channels designated up to ``ordinary'' high
water can reasonably be expected to be regularly ``occupied'' as that
term is defined in the ESA, (2) the high water/bankfull elevation can
be readily discerned for a variety of stream reaches and stream types
using recognizable water lines or vegetation boundaries, and (3) there
is no evidence to suggest that limiting our critical habitat
designations to ordinary high water or bankfull width has compromised
the conservation of listed species. Human activities that occur outside
the stream or designated critical habitat can modify or destroy
physical and biological features of the stream, and federal agencies
are well aware of their need to consult with us on such activities even
if they are located upslope or upstream of stream reaches designated as
critical habitat.
Marine Areas
Comment 11: Several commenters expressed concern about the lack of
marine habitat in our critical habitat designations for these species,
in particular marine waters of the Salish Sea. Some commenters noted
that while we had identified prey species, such as forage fish in
nearshore and offshore areas, among the primary constituent elements of
critical habitat, we did not propose such areas. One of these
commenters suggested that we follow the approach used in our 2012
leatherback sea turtle critical habitat designation (77 FR 4170,
January 26, 2012) that relied on the prey species PCE to designate over
40,000 square miles of critical habitat in the Pacific Ocean. Another
commenter and a peer reviewer asserted that survival in the marine
waters of Puget Sound is a major bottleneck for Puget Sound steelhead
and that marine habitat may be one of the key factors limiting
steelhead production.
Response: As noted in our proposed rule and in some of the
comments, we have identified PCEs for salmon and steelhead associated
with nearshore and offshore marine waters, and acknowledged that some
may require special management considerations or protection (e.g.,
commercially harvested prey species). However, none of the comments
provide information that would allow us to identify specific areas for
either species in the nearshore or offshore marine environments. In the
case of leatherback critical habitat raised by one commenter, we note
that it was possible to identify eight specific marine areas based on
observed densities of a prey PCE (scyphomedusae, i.e. ``jellyfish'')
and leatherback use. In that rule, we also underscored that the
specific areas could be assessed based on ``the importance of density
of prey species as a characteristic of the PCE due to differences in
dense aggregations of prey species and predicted use by leatherbacks
for sustained foraging.'' We presently lack comparable information for
lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound steelhead and commenters have
not provided any information to address this deficiency. Therefore,
given the best available information, we cannot identify specific
marine areas within the geographical area occupied on which are found
those physical or biological features essential to their conservation
and which may require special management considerations or protection
(see sections Geographical Area Occupied by the Species and Specific
Areas within the Geographical Area and Nearshore Marine Areas of Puget
Sound).
Activities Affecting Critical Habitat
Comment 12: One commenter asserted that to comply with the
requirements of ESA section 4(b)(8) we must describe and evaluate the
activities that may adversely modify critical habitat, including the
PCE of prey items in nearshore and offshore habitat. The commenter
noted that in their review of recent ESA consultations over effects on
Puget Sound Chinook and Hood Canal summer-run chum on forage fish and
critical habitat, at least two federal agencies (U.S. Coast Guard and
U.S. Navy) are not included in the current list of federal agencies.
Response: Section 4(b)(8) of the ESA states that ``The publication
in the Federal Register of any proposed or final regulation which is
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this Act shall
include a summary by the Secretary of the data on which such regulation
is based and shall show the relationship of such data to such
regulation; and if such regulation designates or revises critical
habitat, such summary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, also
include a brief description and evaluation of those activities (whether
public or private) which, in the opinion of the Secretary, if
undertaken may adversely modify such habitat, or may be affected by
such designation.'' In response to this comment, we have updated the
section Activities That May be Affected by Critical Habitat Designation
to reflect our recent history of ESA section 7 consultations in the
range of lower Columbia coho and Puget Sound steelhead (including
adding the U.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Department of Defense to the list
of federal agencies). Also, the CHART report supporting these
designations references the report ``An Ecosystem Approach to Salmonid
Conservation'' by Spence et al. (1996) and describes how that report
helped the CHART evaluate and summarize--for each watershed--over a
dozen activities that affect the essential habitat features supporting
these critical habitat designations. Although forage fish/species
harvest was evaluated by the CHARTs as a potential habitat-modifying
activity, it was not identified as a management concern in any of the
watersheds assessed. It is possible that such harvest may be a
management consideration in some marine areas; however, we have not
identified any marine areas as critical habitat in this rulemaking.
Economic Analysis
Comment 13: One commenter disagreed with our analysis of the
[[Page 9257]]
economic impacts of designating critical habitat in our use of the
`baseline' approach to its consideration of economic impacts. The
commenter stated that in attributing essentially all of the regulatory
burdens and economic costs arising under the ESA to the listing
decision, we had rejected the law as established in the Tenth Circuit
(New Mexico Cattle Growers Ass'n v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 248
F.3d 1277 (10th Cir. 2001) (baseline approach is unlawful) and accepted
the law as it stands in the Ninth Circuit (Arizona Cattlegrowers' Ass'n
v. Salazar, 606 F3d 1160, 1172-74 (9th Cir. 2010), cert. denied, 131 S.
Ct. 1471, 179 L. Ed. 2d 300 (2011) (baseline approach is lawful). The
commenter asserted that we have no authority to resolve circuit court
splits involving matters of statutory interpretation and construction,
and that by using the baseline approach our critical habitat
designation fails to account for all the economic impacts and is
contrary to the ESA and congressional intent.
Response: As described in our proposed rule, in this and recent
critical habitat designations our economic analysis has focused on
determining the impacts on land uses and activities from the
designation of critical habitat that are above and beyond--or
incremental to--those ``baseline'' impacts due to existing or planned
conservation efforts being undertaken due to other federal, state, and
local regulations or guidelines. This approach is consistent with the
more recent Ninth Circuit court case noted in the comment, and these
critical habitat designations are located within the areas administered
by that Circuit. Moreover, it is consistent with our critical habitat
regulations at 50 CFR 424.19 (78 FR 53058, August 28, 2013).
Indian Lands
Comment 14: Three commenters expressed their support for Indian
lands being excluded from critical habitat designation. One tribal
commenter noted that Indian lands of the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
should have been identified for exclusion in the Middle Green River
watershed (HUC 1711001302) and in the Lower Green River watershed (HUC
1711001303) (NMFS 2015a).
Response: We reviewed information regarding the lands of the
Muckleshoot Indian Tribe and have made the appropriate ministerial
corrections in this rulemaking (see Table 6).
Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs)
Comment 15: Several commenters submitted comments regarding the
exclusion of HCPs from designated critical habitat. Three commenters
agreed with our proposed exclusion of lands subject to HCPs. One of
these commented that the HCP for the Washington Forest Practices Act
Forest and Fish Rules should be excluded from critical habitat
designation to eliminate disincentives created by regulatory burdens of
critical habitat, and instead rely upon the existing protective
measures. Two other commenters believed that we had made appropriate
use of the exclusion process mandated by the ESA and noted that HCPs
provide effective long-term special management protection for salmon
and steelhead habitat. Three other commenters disagreed with our
exclusion of HCPs from critical habitat designation. One commenter
asserted that we had expressed unjustified concern that designating
critical habitat will cause private and state landowners to not enter
into HCPs. They also believed that HCPs have considerably different
protections and goals than critical habitat designation and that is
arbitrary for us to argue that the two ESA mechanisms are essentially
interchangeable. A second commenter opposed any exclusions from
critical habitat designation of areas that may be covered by other
management plans or HCPs under the logic that they do not need
``special management'' as used in section 3(5)(A) (citing Center for
Biological Diversity v. Norton, 240 F. Supp. 2d 1090, 1099 (D. Az.
2003)) or using the rationale that the benefits of exclusion outweigh
the benefits of designation under Section 4(b)(2) (citing Natural Res.
Def. Council v. Interior, 113 F.3d 1121, 1127 (9th Cir. 1997)). A third
commenter (the Suquamish Tribe) requested that we re-evaluate our
exclusion of Puget Sound steelhead habitat on the Kitsap Peninsula
subject to the Washington Forest Practices HCP. This commenter asserted
that these HCP lands are difficult to identify, the HCP has had high
non-compliance rates for riparian harvests, the HCP only addresses a
limited number of activities, and exclusion would result in less
protection for non-forestry land uses.
Response: In our proposed rule, we described our process for
evaluating the benefits of designation and exclusion for lands covered
by approved HCPs--including consideration of landowners' views about
exclusion--and our determination that excluding such lands will not
result in extinction of lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound
steelhead. The affected HCPs and landowners (or regulators) in this
rulemaking are: Washington Department of Natural Resources (as
landowner in the West of Cascades HCP and as regulator in the
Washington Forest Practices HCP); Green Diamond Resources Company; West
Fork Timber Company; City of Kent, Washington; and J.L. Storedahl and
Sons. In this final rule we have maintained the exclusions of these
lands, except in the case of the Washington Forest Practices HCP where
we are not excluding a subset of HCP lands on the Kitsap Peninsula
(described below). As noted in this final rule and a supporting ESA
section 4(b)(2) analysis (NMFS 2015c), we conclude that a benefit of
excluding HCP-covered lands from designation is the furtherance of our
ongoing relationship with these landowners, which will result in
improved implementation and improved conservation for the species. In
addition, exclusion of these lands provides an incentive for other
landowners to seek HCPs, which also provides a conservation benefit to
the species. While it may be true, as one commenter asserted, that
designation of HCP land as critical habitat could discourage landowners
from entering into HCPs, we did not include that possibility in our
balancing under Section 4(b)(2). In other words, we did not count
avoidance of that possibility as a ``benefit of exclusion.''
Regarding the comments citing court cases relating to ESA sections
3 and 4, we note that our exclusion of HCP lands was based on the
provisions of ESA section 4(b)(2)--balancing the benefits of
designation versus exclusion--and not on a determination under section
3(5)(A) that such lands do not need ``special management'' and do not
meet the definition of critical habitat under the ESA. Our 4(b)(2)
report, made available for public comment, explains the lengthy
analysis we undertook to evaluate whether to exclude the specific HCP
lands identified above. That analysis included: Contacting each HCP
landowner or regulator and soliciting their preferences and concerns;
rating the conservation value of watersheds that overlap the HCP;
assessing the types of federal activities in those watersheds that
would likely undergo section 7 consultation; analyzing the particular
HCP areas subject to exclusion in a GIS; balancing the benefits of
designating HCP lands against the benefits of excluding them (while
ensuring that any exclusions will not result in the extinction of the
species); reviewing public input on our proposal and modifying our
approach as necessary; and documenting our rationale and final
assessment (NMFS 2015c). Section 4(b)(2) of the ESA grants
[[Page 9258]]
the Secretary discretion to exclude any area from critical habitat
designation if he determines ``the benefits of such exclusion outweigh
the benefits of specifying such area as part of the critical habitat''
and exclusion will not result in extinction of the species. In adopting
this provision, Congress explained that ``[t]he consideration and
weight given to any particular impact is completely within the
Secretary's discretion.'' (H.R. No.95-1625, at 16-17, 1978; see also
agency regulations at 50 CFR 424.19.) The Secretary's discretion to
exclude is limited, as he may not exclude areas that ``will result in
the extinction of the species.'' We have discretion in whether and how
we balance benefits. Although the statute does not require that any
area be excluded, consistent with our approach in prior critical
habitat designations for most salmon and steelhead DPSs, we have
determined that the benefit of excluding the lands covered by these
HCPs outweighs the benefit of designating them and have exercised our
discretion to exclude them from critical habitat designation.
Based on comments from the Suquamish Tribe, we re-assessed our
proposed exclusion of stream reaches occupied by Puget Sound steelhead
on the Kitsap Peninsula that are subject to the Forest Practices HCP.
Although this extensive HCP includes numerous other watersheds occupied
by Puget Sound steelhead (and lower Columbia River coho) we focused our
re-assessment on the Kitsap where we had site-specific concerns, such
as those raised by the Tribe. As a result of that re-assessment we
considered the following:
Information from the Suquamish Tribe noting strong
concerns about this HCP and about Kitsap steelhead and streams within
the Tribe's usual and accustomed fishing places, including concerns
about the difficulty in accurately delineating HCP areas, activities
not covered by the HCP, conversion of lands out of forestland, and non-
compliance rates for riparian harvests;
Recently updated GIS data from the Washington Department
of Natural Resources depicting those lands that are `approved' (have
authority to operate) or `renewed' (the authority to operate has been
extended beyond the original expiration date) under the HCP and its
associated incidental take permit. The data posted and analyzed in
September 2015 (Washington Department of Natural Resources, 2015)
indicate that these approved or renewed lands overlap with
approximately 3 miles (5 km) of Kitsap steelhead streams. While Kitsap
lands covered by the Forest Practices HCP in the range of Puget Sound
steelhead encompass approximately 90 miles (145 km) of steelhead
streams, only a small fraction of those lands are currently enrolled
and subject to the incidental take permit approved by NMFS for the
Forest Practices HCP.
Except for a few streams adjacent to Hood Canal occupied
by threatened chum salmon, most Kitsap streams are not designated ESA
critical habitat for other species.
Information on the future of Washington's forests and
forest industries prepared by the University of Washington College of
Forest Resources (2009) projects that high-value forest lands on the
Kitsap Peninsula are at high risk of being converted from forest use to
development (conversion), especially in the northern and eastern parts
of the peninsula. Once converted, such lands would no longer qualify
for coverage under the HCP.
Based on our reconsideration, we concluded that the benefits of
exclusion do not outweigh the benefits of designation for these lands
covered by the HCP, primarily because there are no overlapping salmonid
critical habitat designations in these areas and there is a high
likelihood these areas will be converted (NMFS 2015c), and also because
exclusion would undermine our ongoing relationship with the Suquamish
Tribe which is an important conservation partner. We therefore have
revised our designation to exclude only those Forest Practices HCP
areas on the Kitsap Peninsula that the Washington Department of Natural
Resources has classified as being in an approved or renewed enrollment
status at the time of this final rule.
Comment 16: One commenter requested that we exclude their private
lands (SDS Company, Stevenson Land Company and Broughton Lumber
Company) on the White Salmon River and Little White Salmon River
because the benefits of their Safe Harbor Agreement outweigh the
benefits of critical habitat designation for lower Columbia River coho.
Response: We reviewed the maps submitted by this commenter and
determined that none of the private lands referenced overlap with areas
considered for critical habitat designation.
Climate Change
Comment 17: One commenter believed that we should more thoroughly
consider and address the uncertainties of future climate effects on
Puget Sound steelhead habitat, in particular the spatial coverage of
critical habitat, as well as uncertainties of how steelhead populations
might utilize habitat in the future. This commenter also noted that the
Puget Sound TRT is actively developing information on population
structure and viability for Puget Sound steelhead (e.g., Myers et al.,
2015; Hard et al., 2015) and recommended that our critical habitat
designation be modified as new information becomes available.
Response: We agree that climate-related changes are likely to
affect essential habitat features and the distribution of Puget Sound
steelhead (and other salmonids). However, our current state of
knowledge provides only general guidance regarding how such changes
would influence the specific areas we consider in a critical habitat
designation. For example, a recent paper by Wade et al. (2015) models
steelhead vulnerability to climate change and projects that in the west
Cascade region, particularly Puget Sound, extreme high flows will
impair conditions for steelhead incubation and migration life stages.
However, they, in turn, caution that their methods were applied at a
coarse resolution and that their results should be interpreted
accordingly. Similarly, a recent report on climate change in Puget
Sound (Climate Impacts Group, 2015) project that, over the long term,
increasing peak flows, decreasing summer low flows, and warming stream
temperatures will negatively affect steelhead and other stream-rearing
species. That report underscores that cold-water refugia within rivers
will be critical in helping salmonid populations adapt to future
climate conditions. Such information would be useful at the scale that
we analyze critical habitat; however, comprehensive inventories of
refugia have not been completed and remain an important information gap
(e.g., National Wildlife Federation, 2009; Raymond et al., 2014).
Regardless, areas analyzed in our critical habitat designation for
Puget Sound steelhead included higher elevation habitats that will
likely continue to be important cold-water sources for steelhead and
other species in the future.
In the present critical habitat designations, we have used the best
available information--including TRT analyses of Puget Sound steelhead
population structure (Myers et al., 2015) and viability criteria (Hard
et al., 2015)--to discern areas that are eligible for designation and
to assess their conservation value. While useful at the scale of
populations and watersheds, these documents do not provide specific
guidance on how to account for climate change impacts when designating
[[Page 9259]]
particular stream reaches as critical habitat for steelhead. The
viability analysis by Hard et al. (2015) is intended to serve as a
technical framework for subsequent recovery planning (currently
underway) but cautions that it is not intended to establish targets for
delisting or recovery of steelhead, nor explicitly identify specific
populations or groups of populations for recovery priority. The
analysis does underscore the importance of maintaining steelhead life
history diversity (e.g., both summer- and winter-run types) and spatial
distribution in stream reaches across populations, but, again, does not
provide specific information on areas that warrant designation as
critical habitat now or in the future. The report does include maps of
steelhead spawning reaches and analyses of stream reaches with varying
levels of intrinsic potential (i.e., a measure of habitat suitability)
for steelhead production. We reviewed these maps and data and found
that nearly all (99.5 percent) of the stream reaches Hard et al. (2015)
classified as known spawning or rearing reaches with high intrinsic
potential were already in the GIS data and maps we analyzed for
designation as critical habitat. Also, the stream reaches we analyzed
encompassed all Puget Sound steelhead populations identified by Hard et
al. (2015) and our assessment of watershed conservation value (as well
as unoccupied reaches of the upper Elwha River) specifically took into
account the importance of the less common summer-run steelhead life
history type (NMFS, 2015a).
In our 2011 status review update for ESA-listed salmon and
steelhead in the Pacific Northwest (Ford, 2011), we observed that
climate change is likely to play an increasingly important role in
determining the abundance of ESA-listed fish and the conservation value
of designated critical habitats. We went on to note that some habitats
currently occupied by salmon and steelhead may become uninhabitable due
to the cumulative effects of climate change, and species may exhibit
elevational and latitudinal shifts in distribution (Ford, 2011).
Changes in the habitat areas and essential features considered in our
critical habitat designation will likely be driven by factors such as
higher water temperatures, reduced flows in summer and fall, and
increased flooding in the winter. For example, increased high flows and
flooding could impair the essential features related to freshwater
spawning and rearing sites by reducing suitable overwintering habitat
as well as scouring redds and reducing egg survival.
While the overall impacts of climate change on salmon and steelhead
are expected to be negative, the magnitude of effects is likely to vary
considerably. For example, Ford (2011) notes that climate-related
changes will vary across the landscape, and areas with elevations high
enough to maintain temperatures well below freezing for most of the
winter and early spring will be less affected, while low-elevation
areas are likely to be more affected. Similarly, the Lower Columbia
River Salmon and Steelhead ESA Recovery Plan (NMFS, 2013) acknowledges
that the magnitude and timing of changes to species' distribution,
behavior, growth, and survival are poorly understood and specific
effects are likely to vary among populations and goes on to identify
various `adaptation strategies' to reduce impacts of climate change.
With respect to the comment being addressed here, several strategies of
note from the plan include: (1) Conserving adequate habitat to support
healthy fish populations and ecosystem functions in a changing climate;
(2) Developing a methodology to assess and identify, and then protect,
stream reaches and population strongholds that will be resilient/
resistant to climate change impacts; and (3) Protecting and restoring
headwater rivers and streams to protect the sources of cool, clean
water and normative hydrologic conditions.
We believe that our approach to making critical habitat
designations for Puget Sound steelhead (as well as lower Columbia River
coho) is consistent with such strategies. With respect to the first
strategy, we note that we excluded (based on economic impacts) very few
occupied stream reaches that met the ESA definition for critical
habitat. The vast majority of exclusions we made involved areas covered
by HCPs which are expected to promote recovery through land and water
management practices that benefit salmonids and encourage voluntary
conservation agreements on non-federal lands. For the second strategy,
our analysis of critical habitat employed a methodology involving a
team of steelhead and habitat experts charged with reviewing and rating
the conservation value of habitat areas in every watershed supporting
Puget Sound steelhead (NMFS, 2015a). Most of the watersheds we
evaluated were assigned a high conservation value by the CHARTs and, in
light of the third strategy, many of these watersheds (especially along
the Cascade Range) included headwater stream habitats at higher
elevations such as those that Ford (2011) suggest will be less affected
by climate change.
We will continue to monitor climate change information relevant to
Puget Sound steelhead as well as guidance from ongoing recovery
planning for this species. Consistent with this commenter's view, if
new information suggests that the specific areas we have designated as
critical habitat warrant reconsideration, or that additional areas
should be considered for designation, we will do so as appropriate.
Information Quality Act
Comment 18: One commenter stated that proposed rule and the
documents supporting it do not meet the requirements of the Information
Quality Act (IQA). They contend that since two of the documents that
the critical habitat proposals rely on (the economic analysis and the
CHART report) were not subject to prior review then the IQA pre-
dissemination review was incomplete. Further, they commented that the
IQA requires that we disclose our sources of information but allege
that our documents were missing such sources and citations, in
particular information regarding freshwater areas occupied by lower
Columbia River coho.
Response: In our proposed rule section on ``Information Quality Act
and Peer Review'' we stated that ``[t]he data and analyses supporting
this proposed action have undergone a pre-dissemination review and have
been determined to be in compliance with applicable information quality
guidelines implementing the Information Quality Act (IQA) (Section 515
of Pub. L. 106-554).'' That determination is an internal, agency review
that was made on November 5, 2012, prior to publishing the proposed
rule. Guidance on making that determination can be found in the NMFS
``Section 515 Pre-dissemination Review and Documentation Guidelines''
located at the NOAA Chief Information Officer Web site (http://www.cio.noaa.gov/services_programs/info_quality.html). Later, in that
same section of the proposed rule, we noted that the two documents
cited by the commenter would be distributed for independent peer review
and that we would address any comments received in developing the final
drafts of the two reports. We distributed those documents to six peer
reviewers (two of which provided comments) and have taken into account
those comments in developing this final rule.
With respect to our source and citation for information regarding
lower Columbia River coho, the draft CHART
[[Page 9260]]
report stated that ``. . . we developed extensive information regarding
the stream reaches occupied by lower Columbia River coho and Puget
Sound steelhead using data compiled by state and tribal fisheries
agencies in Oregon and Washington, as the best available information.
We collected and verified these data and produced distribution maps at
a scale of 1:24,000 using standard Geographic Information System (GIS)
software. We accessed these GIS data beginning in 2010, modified them
based on input from state and tribal fishery biologists, and believe
that they represent the best available information about areas occupied
by each species at the time of listing. We also developed latitude-
longitude identifiers for the end-points of each occupied stream
reach.'' This text should have included reference to the ODFW and WDFW
GIS datasets that were included in the report's References section and
cited elsewhere in the CHART report. We have edited that report to
include the appropriate citations for these datasets and we will make
those GIS data available via the internet on our agency ESA critical
habitat page.
Statutory and Regulatory Background for Critical Habitat Designations
The ESA defines critical habitat under section 3(5)(A) as: ``(i)
the specific areas within the geographical area occupied by the
species, at the time it is listed . . . on which are found those
physical or biological features (I) essential to the conservation of
the species and (II) which may require special management
considerations or protection; and (ii) specific areas outside the
geographical area occupied by the species at the time it is listed . .
. upon a determination by the Secretary [of Commerce] that such areas
are essential for the conservation of the species.'' The ESA does not
specifically define the phrase ``physical or biological features.'' As
noted in our proposed rule, agency regulations at 50 CFR 424.12(b)
direct us to focus on these features, as well as the principal
biological or physical constituent elements that are essential to the
conservation of the species. In our CHART report (NMFS, 2015a) and
proposed rule (78 FR 2726, January 14, 2013), we referred to the
features and sites relevant to this definition as ``PCEs.'' In this
final rule, we use the terms ``PCEs'' and ``essential features''
interchangeably and emphasize that these two terms are equivalent for
this rulemaking.
Section 4(a)(3) of the ESA precludes the Secretary from designating
military lands as critical habitat if those lands are subject to an
Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan (INRMP) under the Sikes Act
that the Secretary certifies in writing benefits the listed species. As
described in the section Military Lands we have identified three areas
with qualifying INRMPs in the range of Puget Sound steelhead.
Section 4(b)(2) of the ESA requires us to designate critical
habitat for threatened and endangered species ``on the basis of the
best scientific data available and after taking into consideration the
economic impact, the impact on national security, and any other
relevant impact, of specifying any particular area as critical
habitat.'' This section grants the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary)
discretion to exclude any area from critical habitat if he determines
``the benefits of such exclusion outweigh the benefits of specifying
such area as part of the critical habitat.'' In adopting this
provision, Congress explained that, [t]he consideration and weight
given to any particular impact is completely within the Secretary's
discretion.'' H.R. No. 95-1625, at 16-17 (1978). The Secretary's
discretion to exclude is limited, as he may not exclude areas that
``will result in the extinction of the species.'' We describe that
process and the results below in the section Application of ESA Section
4(b)(2).
Once critical habitat is designated, section 7 of the ESA requires
federal agencies to ensure they do not fund, authorize, or carry out
any actions that will destroy or adversely modify that habitat. This
requirement is in addition to the section 7 requirement that federal
agencies ensure their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence
of listed species. We identify potentially affected federal agencies
and actions in the section Activities That May Be Affected by Critical
Habitat Designation.
Methods and Criteria Used To Identify Critical Habitat
In the following subsections, we describe the relevant definitions
and requirements in the ESA and our implementing regulations, and the
key methods and criteria used to prepare this critical habitat
designation. Discussion of the specific implementation of each item
occurs within the species-specific sections. In accordance with section
4(b)(2) of the ESA and our implementing regulations (50 CFR 424.12),
this final rule is based on the best scientific information available
concerning the species' present and historical range, habitat, and
biology, as well as threats to their habitat. In preparing this rule,
we reviewed and summarized current information on these species,
including recent biological surveys and reports, peer-reviewed
literature, NMFS status reviews, comments on our proposed rule, and the
proposed and final rules to list these species. All of the information
gathered to create this final rule has been collated and analyzed in
three supporting documents: A Final Biological Report (NMFS, 2015a); a
Final Economic Analysis (NMFS, 2015b); and a Final Section 4(b)(2)
Report (NMFS, 2015c). We used this information to inform the
identification of specific areas as critical habitat. We followed a
five-step process in order to identify these specific areas: (1)
Determine the geographical area occupied by the species at the time of
listing, (2) identify physical or biological habitat features essential
to the conservation of the species (i.e., essential features), (3)
delineate specific areas within the geographical area occupied by the
species on which are found the essential features, (4) determine
whether the features in a specific area may require special management
considerations or protections, and (5) determine whether any unoccupied
areas are essential for conservation. Our evaluation and conclusions
are described in detail in the following sections.
Geographical Area Occupied by the Species and Specific Areas Within the
Geographical Area
Federal, state, and tribal fishery biologists map salmonid species
presence and distribution at the level of stream reaches. The mapping
includes areas where the species is present (within the past 20 years,
but typically more recently) or where it is presumed to be present
based on the professional judgment of biologists familiar with the
watershed and the availability of suitable habitat, in particular the
location of known barriers. Much of these data can be accessed and
analyzed using GIS to produce consistent and fine-scale maps. As a
result, nearly all salmonid freshwater and estuarine habitats in
Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California are mapped and available in
GIS (ODFW, 2010a and 2015; WDFW, 2010 and 2015) at a scale of 1:24,000
(e.g., one map inch equals 24,000 inches--2,000 feet--in the real
world), allowing for accurate and refined delineation of the
``geographical area occupied by the species.'' We originally accessed
these GIS data beginning in 2010 and modified them based on data
available in 2015 and on input from federal, state and tribal fishery
biologists and comments on our proposed rule. We believe these data
represent the best
[[Page 9261]]
available information about areas occupied by each species at the time
of listing.
To identify ``specific areas,'' we used ``HUC5'' watersheds as we
did in our 2005 salmonid critical habitat designations (70 FR 52630,
September 2, 2005). HUC5 watershed delineations are created by the U.S.
Geological Survey and are generally available from various federal
agencies and via the internet (Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem
Management Project, 2003; Regional Ecosystem Office, 2004; U.S.
Department of Interior and U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). We used this
information to organize critical habitat information systematically and
at a scale that was relevant to the spatial distribution of salmon and
steelhead. Organizing information at this scale is especially relevant
to salmonids, since their innate homing ability allows them to return
to particular reaches in the specific watersheds where they were born.
Such site fidelity results in spatial aggregations of salmonid
populations (and their constituent spawning stocks) that generally
correspond to the area encompassed by wider HUC4 subbasins or their
constituent HUC5 watersheds (Washington Department of Fisheries,
Washington Department of Wildlife and Western Washington Treaty Indian
Tribes, 1992; Kostow, 1995; McElhany et al., 2000).
In addition, HUC5 watersheds are consistent with the scale of
recovery efforts for West Coast salmon and steelhead, and watershed-
level analyses are now common throughout the West Coast. There are
presently hundreds of watershed councils or groups in the Pacific
Northwest. Many operate at a geographic scale of one to several HUC5
watersheds and are integral parts of larger-scale salmon recovery
strategies. In addition to these efforts, we have developed various ESA
guidance documents that underscore the link between salmon conservation
and the recovery of watershed processes (NMFS, 2000; NMFS, 2005b; NMFS,
2007). Aggregating stream reaches into HUC5 watersheds allowed the
agency to delineate ``specific areas'' within or outside the
geographical area occupied by the species at a scale that corresponds
well to salmonid population structure and ecological processes.
As in our 2005 critical habitat designations (70 FR 52630,
September 2, 2005), we identified estuary features essential to
conservation of these species. For streams and rivers that empty into
marine areas, we included the associated estuary as part of the HUC5
``specific area.'' Also, as in our 2005 salmonid designations, we
identified certain prey species in nearshore and offshore marine waters
(such as Pacific herring) as essential features, and concluded that
some may require special management considerations or protection
because they are commercially harvested. However, prey species move or
drift great distances throughout marine waters, often in association
with oceanographic features that also move (such as eddies and
thermoclines). In our proposed rule, we sought new information to
better inform this question; however, we did not receive any new
information that was not already considered. As such, we conclude that
we cannot identify specific offshore marine areas where the essential
features may be found (NMFS, 2012).
We also considered marine areas in Puget Sound for steelhead as
potential specific areas that may contain features essential to
conservation of these species, but concluded that the best available
information suggests there are no areas that meet the statute's
definition of critical habitat. In our 2005 rule (70 FR 52630,
September 2, 2005), we designated critical habitat in nearshore areas
for Puget Sound Chinook and Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon. However,
steelhead move rapidly out of freshwater and into offshore marine
areas, unlike Puget Sound Chinook and Hood Canal summer chum, making it
difficult to identify specific foraging areas where the essential
features are found. We therefore determined that for Puget Sound
steelhead it is not possible to identify specific areas with essential
features in the nearshore zone in Puget Sound.
Physical or Biological Features Essential for Conservation
Agency regulations at 50 CFR 424.12(b) interpret the statutory
phrase ``physical or biological features essential to the conservation
of the species.'' The regulations state that these features include,
but are not limited to, space for individual and population growth and
for normal behavior; food, water, air, light, minerals, or other
nutritional or physiological requirements; cover or shelter; sites for
breeding, reproduction, and rearing of offspring; and habitats that are
protected from disturbance or are representative of the historical
geographical and ecological distribution of a species. The regulations
further direct us to ``focus on the principal biological or physical
constituent elements . . . that are essential to the conservation of
the species, and specify that these elements shall be the `known
primary constituent elements'.'' The regulations identify primary
constituent elements as including, but not being limited to: ``roost
sites, nesting grounds, spawning sites, feeding sites, seasonal wetland
or dryland, water quality or quantity, host species or plant
pollinator, geological formation, vegetation type, tide, and specific
soil types.'' As described earlier, in this final rule we use the terms
``essential features'' and ``PCEs'' interchangeably to describe the
physical and biological features essential to the conservation of lower
Columbia River coho and Puget Sound steelhead.
For the 2005 critical habitat designations for salmon and steelhead
(70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005), NMFS biologists developed a list of
physical and biological features relevant to determining whether
occupied stream reaches within a watershed meet the ESA section
(3)(5)(A) definition of ``critical habitat,'' consistent with the
implementing regulation at 50 CFR 424.12(b). Relying on the biology and
life history of each species, we determined the physical or biological
habitat features essential to their conservation. For the present
rulemaking, we used the same features, which we identified in the
advance notice of proposed rulemaking (76 FR 1392, January 10, 2011)
and proposed rule (78 FR 2726, January 14, 2013). These features
include sites essential to support one or more life stages of the DPS
(sites for spawning, rearing, migration and foraging). These sites, in
turn, contain physical or biological features essential to the
conservation of the DPS (for example, spawning gravels, water quality
and quantity, side channels, forage species). Specific types of sites
and the features associated with them include the following:
1. Freshwater spawning sites with water quantity and quality
conditions and substrate supporting spawning, incubation and larval
development.
2. Freshwater rearing sites with water quantity and floodplain
connectivity to form and maintain physical habitat conditions and
support juvenile growth and mobility; water quality and forage
supporting juvenile development; and natural cover such as shade,
submerged and overhanging large wood, log jams and beaver dams, aquatic
vegetation, large rocks and boulders, side channels, and undercut
banks.
3. Freshwater migration corridors free of obstruction with water
quantity and quality conditions and natural cover such as submerged and
overhanging large wood, aquatic vegetation, large rocks and boulders,
side channels, and
[[Page 9262]]
undercut banks supporting juvenile and adult mobility and survival.
4. Estuarine areas free of obstruction with water quality, water
quantity, and salinity conditions supporting juvenile and adult
physiological transitions between fresh- and saltwater; natural cover
such as submerged and overhanging large wood, aquatic vegetation, large
rocks and boulders, and side channels; and juvenile and adult forage,
including aquatic invertebrates and fishes, supporting growth and
maturation.
5. Nearshore marine areas free of obstruction with water quality
and quantity conditions and forage, including aquatic invertebrates and
fishes, supporting growth and maturation; and natural cover such as
submerged and overhanging large wood, aquatic vegetation, large rocks
and boulders, and side channels.
6. Offshore marine areas with water quality conditions and forage,
including aquatic invertebrates and fishes, supporting growth and
maturation.
We re-evaluated these essential features and sites (PCEs) and
determined that they are all fully applicable to lower Columbia River
coho and Puget Sound steelhead. The habitat areas designated in this
rule currently contain essential features within the acceptable range
of values required to support the biological processes for which the
species use the habitat (NMFS, 2015a). The contribution of the
essential features to the habitat varies by site and biological
function, illustrating that the quality of the elements may vary within
a range of acceptable conditions.
Special Management Considerations or Protection
An occupied area cannot be designated as critical habitat unless it
contains physical and biological features that ``may require special
management considerations or protection.'' Agency regulations at 50 CFR
424.02 define ``special management considerations or protection'' to
mean ``[m]ethods or procedures useful in protecting physical or
biological features essential to the conservation of listed species.''
Many forms of human activity have the potential to affect the habitat
of listed salmon species: (1) Forestry; (2) grazing; (3) agriculture;
(4) road building/maintenance; (5) channel modifications/diking; (6)
urbanization; (7) sand and gravel mining; (8) mineral mining; (9) dams;
(10) irrigation impoundments and withdrawals; (11) river, estuary, and
ocean traffic; (12) wetland loss/removal; (13) beaver removal; and (14)
exotic/invasive species introductions. In addition to these, human
harvest of salmonid prey species (e.g., herring, anchovy, and sardines)
may present another potential habitat-related activity (Pacific Fishery
Management Council, 1999). All of these activities affect essential
features via their alteration of one or more of the following: stream
hydrology, flow and water-level modifications, fish passage,
geomorphology and sediment transport, temperature, dissolved oxygen,
vegetation, soils, nutrients and chemicals, physical habitat structure,
and stream/estuarine/marine biota and forage (Spence et al., 1996;
Pacific Fishery Management Council, 1999).
Unoccupied Areas
Section 3(5)(A)(ii) of the ESA authorizes the designation of
``specific areas outside the geographical area occupied at the time
[the species] is listed'' if these areas are essential for the
conservation of the species. Regulations at 50 CFR 424.12(e) emphasize
that the agency ``shall designate as critical habitat areas outside the
geographical area presently occupied by a species only when a
designation limited to its present range would be inadequate to ensure
the conservation of the species.'' We focused our attention on the
species' historical range when considering unoccupied areas since these
logically would have been adequate to support the evolution and long-
term maintenance of distinct population segments. As with occupied
areas, we considered the stream segments within a HUC5 watershed to
best describe specific areas. While it is possible to identify which
HUC5s represent geographical areas that were historically occupied with
a high degree of certainty, this is not always the case with specific
stream segments. This is due, in part, to the emphasis on mapping
currently occupied habitats and to the paucity of site-specific or
systematic historical stream surveys. As described later in this final
rule, we did identify unoccupied stream reaches that are essential for
conservation of Puget Sound steelhead.
Military Lands
Section 4(a)(3) of the ESA precludes the Secretary from designating
military lands as critical habitat if those lands are subject to an
INRMP under the Sikes Act that the Secretary certifies in writing
benefits the listed species. We consulted with the U.S. Department of
Defense (DOD) and determined that three installations in Washington
with either draft or final INRMPs overlap with streams occupied by
Puget Sound steelhead: (1) Naval Base Kitsap; (2) Naval Radio Station,
Jim Creek; and (3) Joint Base Lewis-McChord (Army and Air Force). We
did not identify any INRMPs or DOD installations within the range of
lower Columbia River coho.
We identified habitat meeting the statutory definition of critical
habitat at each of the above installations and reviewed the INRMPs, as
well as other information available regarding the management of these
military lands. Our review indicates that each of these INRMPs address
Puget Sound steelhead habitat, and all contain measures that provide
benefits to this DPS (NMFS, 2015c). Examples of the types of benefits
include actions that eliminate fish passage barriers, control erosion,
protect riparian zones, increase stream habitat complexity, and monitor
listed species and their habitats. As a result, we are not designating
critical habitat in areas subject to the INRMPs identified above.
Critical Habitat Analytical Review Team (CHART)
To assist in the designation of critical habitat, we convened two
CHARTs (henceforth referred to as ``Teams'')--one for lower Columbia
River coho and another for Puget Sound steelhead. The Teams consisted
of NMFS salmonid habitat biologists who were tasked with assessing
biological information pertaining to areas under consideration for
designation as critical habitat (NMFS, 2015a). The Teams examined each
habitat area within the watershed to determine whether the reaches
occupied by the species contain the physical or biological features
(PCEs) essential to conservation. The Teams also relied on their
experience conducting section 7 consultations to determine whether the
features ``may require special management considerations or
protection.'' The Teams' rating of habitat areas as having a high,
medium, or low conservation value informed our discretionary balancing
consideration in ESA section 4(b)(2). The Teams were also tasked with
assessing whether there were any unoccupied areas within the historical
range of the DPSs that were essential for conservation. Further details
on the Team's methods for determining relative conservation values and
ratings of habitat areas can be found in the proposed rule (78 FR 2726,
January 14, 2013), and that discussion is incorporated herein by
reference.
Species Descriptions and Area Assessments
The proposed rule describes in greater detail the life history
traits and conservation status of lower Columbia
[[Page 9263]]
River coho and Puget Sound steelhead, and the Teams' assessment of
habitat areas. None of the information we received from public comments
on the proposed rule affected our consideration of this information for
this final rule. As such, the information on these DPSs' life history
traits, conservation status, and habitat assessments remain the same as
described in the proposed rule (78 FR 2726, January 14, 2013), and that
discussion is incorporated herein by reference. Since publishing our
proposed rule, we have monitored recovery planning progress for both
DPSs. Notably, several months after proposing critical habitat, we
released an ESA recovery plan addressing lower Columbia River coho (78
FR 41911, July 12, 2013; NMFS, 2013), and in 2015 the Puget Sound TRT
completed assessments identifying historical populations and viability
criteria for Puget Sound steelhead (Myers et al., 2015; Hard et al.,
2015). We considered this new information during the development of
this final critical habitat designation and determined that, aside from
some minor changes to steelhead population names, it did not change the
area assessments and conclusions reached in our proposed critical
habitat designation. However, in response to comments on our proposed
rule and review by fisheries co-managers in Washington and Oregon, we
edited our distribution data/maps for lower Columbia River coho salmon
to better reflect the areas occupied at the time of listing. Tables 1
and 2 summarize the changes made for specific watersheds in the range
of each DPS, including the removal of areas incorrectly identified as
occupied habitat in the proposed rule (referred to as ``unoccupied
areas'' in these tables), while more detailed information is contained
in the CHART report (NMFS, 2015a).
Table 1--Changes to Critical Habitat Designation for Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subbasin Watershed code Watershed name Changes from proposed rule
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIDDLE COLUMBIA/HOOD.................. 1707010506 East Fork Hood River..... Added 0.6 miles (1.0 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream and removed 0.2
miles (0.3 km) of unoccupied
areas in one stream.
MIDDLE COLUMBIA/HOOD.................. 1707010507 West Fork Hood River..... Added 1.1 miles (1.8 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream and removed 1.4
miles (2.3 km) of unoccupied
areas in one stream.
MIDDLE COLUMBIA/HOOD.................. 1707010511 Wind River............... Removed 68.8 miles (110.7 km)
of unoccupied areas in the
Wind River above Shipherd
Falls.
MIDDLE COLUMBIA/HOOD.................. 1707010512 Middle Columbia/Grays Added 0.4 miles (0.6 km) of
Creek. occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
LOWER COLUMBIA/SANDY.................. 1708000101 Salmon River............. Added 0.6 miles (1.0 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
two streams.
LOWER COLUMBIA/SANDY.................. 1708000102 Zigzag River............. Added 2.6 miles (4.2 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
three streams.
LOWER COLUMBIA/SANDY.................. 1708000103 Upper Sandy River........ Added 1.3 miles (2.1 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
nine streams.
LOWER COLUMBIA/SANDY.................. 1708000104 Middle Sandy River....... Added 1.8 miles (2.9 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
three streams.
LOWER COLUMBIA/SANDY.................. 1708000105 Bull Run River........... Added 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
LOWER COLUMBIA/SANDY.................. 1708000107 Columbia Gorge Removed 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of
Tributaries. unoccupied areas in one
stream.
LOWER COLUMBIA/SANDY.................. 1708000108 Lower Sandy River........ Added 0.3 miles (0.5 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
LEWIS................................. 1708000201 Upper Lewis River........ Removed 0.2 miles (0.3 km) of
unoccupied areas in one
stream.
LEWIS................................. 1708000203 Swift Reservoir.......... Added 4.3 miles (6.9 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
two streams.
LEWIS................................. 1708000206 Lower Lewis River........ Removed 0.4 miles (0.6 km) of
unoccupied areas in one
stream.
LOWER COLUMBIA/CLATSKANIE............. 1708000302 Beaver Creek/Columbia Added 6.1 miles (9.8 km) of
River. occupied habitat areas in
two streams.
LOWER COLUMBIA/CLATSKANIE............. 1708000303 Clatskanie River......... Added 0.7 miles (1.1 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream and removed 1.1
miles (1.8 km) of unoccupied
areas in one stream.
LOWER COLUMBIA/CLATSKANIE............. 1708000306 Plympton Creek........... Removed 1.3 miles (2.1 km) of
unoccupied areas in one
stream.
UPPER COWLITZ......................... 1708000401 Headwaters Cowlitz River. Removed 0.3 miles (0.5 km) of
unoccupied areas in two
streams.
UPPER COWLITZ......................... 1708000402 Upper Cowlitz River...... Removed 1.1 miles (0.5 km) of
unoccupied areas in three
streams.
UPPER COWLITZ......................... 1708000403 Cowlitz Valley Frontal... Added 0.1 miles (0.2 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream and removed 1.3
miles (2.1 km) of unoccupied
areas in four streams.
UPPER COWLITZ......................... 1708000404 Upper Cispus River....... Removed 0.1 miles (0.2 km) of
unoccupied areas in one
stream.
UPPER COWLITZ......................... 1708000405 Lower Cispus River....... Added 1.0 miles (1.6 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
two streams and removed 0.9
miles (1.4 km) of unoccupied
areas in three streams.
LOWER COWLITZ......................... 1708000501 Tilton River............. Added 1.4 miles (2.3 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
four streams and removed 1.7
miles (2.7 km) of unoccupied
areas in seven streams.
[[Page 9264]]
LOWER COWLITZ......................... 1708000503 Jackson Prairie.......... Added 21.5 miles (34.6 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
eight streams.
LOWER COLUMBIA........................ 1708000601 Youngs River............. Added 7.7 miles (12.4 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
eleven streams and removed
1.3 miles (2.1 km) of
unoccupied areas in three
streams.
LOWER COLUMBIA........................ 1708000602 Big Creek................ Added 1.0 miles (1.6 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
two streams.
CLACKAMAS............................. 1709001102 Upper Clackamas River.... Removed 1.1 miles (1.8 km) of
unoccupied areas in one
stream.
CLACKAMAS............................. 1709001104 Middle Clackamas River... Added 1.1 miles (1.8 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
three streams.
CLACKAMAS............................. 1709001106 Lower Clackamas River.... Added 0.9 miles (1.4 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
LOWER WILLAMETTE...................... 1709001201 Johnson Creek............ Added 4.6 miles (7.4 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
eleven streams.
LOWER WILLAMETTE...................... 1709001202 Scappoose Creek.......... Added 6.6 miles (10.6 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
five streams.
LOWER WILLAMETTE...................... 1709001203 Columbia Slough/ Added 5.3 miles (8.5 km) of
Willamette River. occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2--Changes to Critical Habitat Designation for Puget Sound Steelhead
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subbasin Watershed code Watershed name Changes from proposed rule
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRAIT OF GEORGIA..................... 1711000201 Bellingham Bay........... Added 4.9 miles (7.9 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
two streams.
STRAIT OF GEORGIA..................... 1711000202 Samish River............. Added 0.2 miles (0.3 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
two streams.
STRAIT OF GEORGIA..................... 1711000204 Birch Bay................ Added 2.9 miles (4.7 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
five streams.
NOOKSACK.............................. 1711000401 Upper North Fork Nooksack Added 2.0 miles (3.2 km) of
River. occupied habitat areas in
seven streams and removed
10.7 miles (17.2 km) of
unoccupied areas in five
streams.
NOOKSACK.............................. 1711000403 South Fork Nooksack River Added 2.3 miles (3.7 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
eight streams and removed
3.6 miles (5.8 km) of
unoccupied areas in three
streams.
NOOKSACK.............................. 1711000404 Lower North Fork Nooksack Added 2.3 miles (3.7 km) of
River. occupied habitat areas in
five streams and removed 4.2
miles (7.6 km) of unoccupied
areas in eight streams.
NOOKSACK.............................. 1711000405 Nooksack River........... Added 10.4 miles (16.7 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
seven streams and removed
2.3 miles (3.7 km) of
unoccupied areas in two
streams.
STILLAGUAMISH......................... 1711000801 North Fork Stillaguamish Added 0.9 miles (1.4 km) of
River. occupied habitat areas in
one stream and removed 2.3
miles (3.7 km) of unoccupied
areas in one stream.
STILLAGUAMISH......................... 1711000802 South Fork Stillaguamish Added 5.0 miles (8.0 km) of
River. occupied habitat areas in
four streams.
STILLAGUAMISH......................... 1711000803 Lower Stillaguamish River Added 1.0 miles (1.6 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
SNOQUALMIE............................ 1711001004 Lower Snoqualmie River... Added 3.1 miles (5.0 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
SNOHOMISH............................. 1711001101 Pilchuck River........... Added 5.4 miles (8.7 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
four streams.
LAKE WASHINGTON....................... 1711001201 Cedar River.............. Added 15.5 miles (25.9 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
nine streams.
DUWAMISH.............................. 1711001301 Upper Green River........ Added 15.6 miles (25.1 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
twelve streams.
DUWAMISH.............................. 1711001302 Middle Green River....... Added 5.8 miles (9.3 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
four streams.
DUWAMISH.............................. 1711001303 Lower Green River........ Added 12.1 miles (19.5 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
six streams.
HOOD CANAL............................ 1711001806 Big Quilcene River....... Added 3.1 miles (5.0 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream and removed 4.1
miles (6.6 km) of unoccupied
areas in one stream.
KITSAP................................ 1711001900 Kennedy/Goldsborough..... Corrected the erroneous
reference to the Puget Sound
subbasin in our regulations
and added 0.7 miles (1.1 km)
of occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
KITSAP................................ 1711001901 Puget.................... Added 4.9 miles (7.9 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
seven streams.
[[Page 9265]]
KITSAP................................ 1711001904 Puget Sound/East Passage. Added 0.4 miles (0.6 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
DUNGENESS/ELWHA....................... 1711002007 Elwha River.............. Added 2.6 miles (4.2 km) of
occupied habitat areas in
one stream.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Application of ESA Section 4(b)(2)
Specific areas eligible for designation as critical habitat are
those that fall within the ESA section 3(5)(A) definition, not
including lands owned or controlled by the DOD, or designated for its
use, that are covered by an INRMP that we have determined in writing
provides a benefit to the species. Specific areas eligible for
designation are not automatically designated as critical habitat.
Section 4(b)(2) of the ESA requires that the Secretary consider the
economic impact, impact on national security, and any other relevant
impact of designating those areas. The Secretary has the discretion to
exclude a ``particular area'' from designation if he determines the
benefits of exclusion (that is, avoiding the impact that would result
from designation), outweigh the benefits of designation. The Secretary
may not exclude an area from designation if, based on the best
available scientific and commercial information, exclusion will result
in the extinction of the species. Because the authority to exclude is
``wholly'' discretionary, exclusion is not required for any areas.
The first step in conducting an ESA section 4(b)(2) analysis is to
identify the ``particular areas'' to be analyzed. Section 3(5) of the
ESA defines critical habitat as ``specific areas,'' while section
4(b)(2) requires the agency to consider certain factors before
designating any ``particular area.'' Depending on the biology of the
species, the characteristics of its habitat, and the nature of the
impacts of designation, ``specific'' areas might be different from, or
the same as, ``particular'' areas. For lower Columbia River coho and
Puget Sound steelhead, we analyzed two types of ``particular'' areas.
Where we considered economic impacts, and weighed the economic benefits
of exclusion against the conservation benefits of designation, we used
the same biologically based ``specific'' areas we had identified under
section 3(5)(A), the HUC5 watershed. This worked well because upslope
and upstream activities in a watershed can affect the stream within the
watershed (see the Final Economic Analysis (NMFS, 2015b) for definition
of the HUC5s and more information). This approach allowed us to most
effectively consider the conservation value of the different areas when
balancing conservation benefits of designation against economic
benefits of exclusion. Where we considered impacts on Indian lands and
lands subject to a HCP, however, we instead used a delineation of
``particular'' areas based on ownership or control of the area.
Specifically, these particular areas consisted of occupied freshwater
and estuarine areas that overlap with Indian and HCP lands. This
approach allowed us to consider impacts and benefits associated with
land ownership and management by Indian tribes and HCP partners.
The use of two different types of areas required us to account for
overlapping boundaries (that is, ownership may span many watersheds and
watersheds may have mixed ownership). The order in which we conducted
the section 4(b)(2) balancing became important because of this overlap.
To ensure we were not double-counting the benefits of exclusion, we
first considered exclusion of particular areas based on land ownership
and determined which areas to recommend for exclusion. We then
considered economic exclusion of particular areas based on watersheds,
with the economic impact for each watershed adjusted based on whether a
given type of ownership had already been recommended for exclusion.
Benefits of Designation
The primary benefit of designation is the protection afforded under
the ESA section 7 requirement that all federal agencies ensure their
actions are not likely to destroy or adversely modify designated
critical habitat. This type of benefit is sometimes referred to as an
incremental benefit because the protections afforded to the species
from critical habitat designation are in addition to the requirement
that all federal agencies ensure their actions are not likely to
jeopardize the continued existence of the species. In addition, the
designation may enhance the conservation of habitat by informing the
public about areas and features important to species conservation. This
may help focus and contribute to conservation efforts for salmon and
steelhead and their habitats.
With sufficient information, it may be possible to monetize these
benefits of designation by first quantifying the benefits expected from
an ESA section 7 consultation and translating that into dollars. We are
not aware, however, of any available data to monetize the benefits of
designation (e.g., estimates of the monetary value of the physical and
biological features within specific areas that meet the definition of
critical habitat, or of the monetary value of general benefits such as
education and outreach). In an alternative approach that we have
commonly used in the past (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005), we
qualitatively assessed the benefit of designation for each of the
specific areas identified as meeting the definition of critical habitat
for each DPS. Our qualitative consideration began with an evaluation of
the conservation value of each area. We considered a number of factors
to determine the conservation value of an area, including the quantity
and quality of physical or biological features, the relationship of the
area to other areas within the DPS, and the significance to the DPS of
the population occupying that area.
There are many federal activities that occur within the specific
areas that could impact the conservation value of these areas.
Regardless of designation, federal agencies are required under Section
7 of the ESA to ensure these activities are not likely to jeopardize
the continued existence of lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound
steelhead. If the specific areas are designated as critical habitat,
federal agencies will additionally be required to ensure their actions
are not likely to adversely modify the critical habitat. We grouped the
potential federal activities that would be subject to this additional
protection into several broad categories: Water supply, in-stream work,
development, federal lands management, transportation, utilities,
mining, and hydropower.
The benefit of designating a particular area depends upon the
likelihood of a section 7 consultation occurring in that area and the
degree to which a
[[Page 9266]]
consultation would yield conservation benefits for the species. Based
on past consultations for listed salmon and steelhead in this region,
we estimated that a total of 55 actions would require section 7
consultation annually for lower Columbia River coho within the
particular areas being considered for designation (NMFS, 2015b). For
Puget Sound steelhead, we estimated that a total of 117 actions would
require section 7 consultation annually within the particular areas
being considered for designation (NMFS, 2015b). The most common
activity types subject to consultation in the range of each DPS would
be in-stream work and transportation projects, accounting for
approximately 80 percent of estimated actions (a complete list of the
estimated annual actions, allocated by particular area, is included in
the Final Economic Analysis (NMFS, 2015b)). These activities have the
potential to adversely affect water quality and substrate composition
and quality for salmon and steelhead. Consultation would yield
conservation benefits for the species by preventing or ameliorating
such habitat effects.
Impacts of Designation
Section 4(b)(2) of the ESA provides that the Secretary shall
consider ``the economic impact, impact on national security, and any
other relevant impact of specifying any particular area as critical
habitat.'' The primary impact of a critical habitat designation stems
from the requirement under section 7(a)(2) of the ESA that federal
agencies ensure their actions are not likely to result in the
destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat. Determining
this impact is complicated by the fact that section 7(a)(2) contains
the overlapping requirement that federal agencies must ensure their
actions are not likely to jeopardize the species' continued existence.
The true impact of designation is the extent to which federal agencies
modify their actions to ensure their actions are not likely to destroy
or adversely modify the critical habitat of the species, beyond any
modifications they would make because of listing and the jeopardy
requirement. Additional impacts of designation include state and local
protections that may be triggered as a result of the designation. In
addition, if the area designated overlaps an area previously designated
as critical habitat for another species, the true impact of designation
is the modification federal agencies would make beyond any modification
they would make to avoid adversely modifying the already-designated
critical habitat.
In determining the impacts of designation, we predicted the
incremental change in federal agency actions as a result of critical
habitat designation and the adverse modification prohibition, beyond
the changes predicted to occur as a result of listing and the jeopardy
provision. In August 2013, we and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS) published a final rule amending our joint regulations at 50 CFR
424.19 to make clear that in considering impacts of designation as
required by Section 4(b)(2) we would consider the incremental impacts
(78 FR 53058, August 28, 2013). More recently, several courts
(including the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals) have approved an approach
that considers the incremental impact of designation. The Federal
Register notice announcing the final rule on considering impacts of
designation describes and discusses these court cases (Arizona
Cattlegrowers' Ass'n v. Salazar, 606 F3d 1160, 1172-74 (9th Cir. 2010),
cert. denied, 131 S. Ct. 1471, 179 L. Ed. 2d 300 (2011); Homebuilders
Ass'n v. FWS, 616 F3d 983, 991-993 (9th Cir. 2010) cert. denied, 131 S.
Ct. 1475, 179 L. Ed. 2d 301 (2011). Further, in more recent critical
habitat designations, we and the USFWS have considered the incremental
impact of critical habitat designation (for example, our designation of
critical habitat for the Southern DPS of green sturgeon (74 FR 52300,
October 9, 2009) and the Southern DPS of eulachon (76 FR 65324, October
20, 2011), and the USFWS's designation of critical habitat for the
Oregon chub (75 FR 11031, March 10, 2010)). Consistent with our
regulation, the more recent court cases, and more recent agency
practice, we estimated the incremental impacts of designation, beyond
the impacts that would result from the listing and jeopardy provision.
In addition, because these designations almost completely overlap our
previous salmonid critical habitat designations, and the essential
features are the same, we estimated only the incremental impacts of
designation beyond the impacts already imposed by those prior
designations.
To determine the impact of designation, we examined what the state
of the world would be with the designation of critical habitat for the
lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound steelhead DPSs and compared
it to the state of the world without the designations. The ``without
critical habitat'' scenario represents the baseline for the analysis.
It includes process requirements and habitat protections already
afforded these DPSs under their federal listing or under other federal,
state, and local regulations. Such regulations include protections
afforded to habitat supporting these two DPSs from other co-occurring
ESA listings and critical habitat designations, in particular listings/
designations for West Coast salmon and steelhead (70 FR 52630,
September 2, 2005). In the case of lower Columbia River coho, the
designation overlaps with existing designations for lower Columbia
River steelhead and Chinook and Columbia River chum, as well as several
DPSs that spawn upstream in the middle and upper Columbia and Snake
Rivers. In the case of Puget Sound steelhead, the designation overlaps
with existing designations for Puget Sound Chinook and Hood Canal
summer-run chum. The ``with critical habitat'' scenario describes the
incremental impacts associated specifically with the designation of
critical habitat for lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound
steelhead. The primary impacts of critical habitat designation we found
were: (1) The costs associated with additional administrative effort of
including a critical habitat analysis in section 7 consultations for
these two DPSs, (2) project modifications required solely to avoid
destruction or adverse modification of their critical habitat, (3)
potential impacts on national security if particular areas were
designated critical habitat for Puget Sound steelhead, and (4) the
possible harm to our working relationship with Indian tribes and some
HCP landowners. There are no military areas eligible for designation
that overlap with critical habitat areas, so we did not consider
impacts to national security. Because we have chosen to balance
benefits and consider exclusions, we consider these impacts in more
detail below in the section devoted to each type of impact.
Economic Impacts
Our economic analysis sought to determine the impacts on land uses
and activities from the designation of critical habitat that are above
and beyond--or incremental to--those ``baseline'' impacts due to
existing or planned conservation efforts being undertaken due to other
federal, state, and local regulations or guidelines (NMFS, 2015b).
Other federal agencies, as well as state and local governments, may
also seek to protect the natural resources under their jurisdiction. If
compliance with the Clean Water Act or State environmental quality
laws, for example, protects habitat for the species, such protective
efforts are considered to be baseline protections and costs associated
with these efforts
[[Page 9267]]
are not quantified as impacts of critical habitat designation.
When critical habitat is designated, section 7 of the ESA requires
federal agencies to ensure that their actions will not result in the
destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat (in addition to
ensuring that the actions are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species). The added administrative costs of
considering critical habitat in section 7 consultations and the
additional impacts of implementing project modifications to protect
critical habitat are the direct result of the designation of critical
habitat. These costs are not in the baseline and are considered
incremental impacts of the rulemaking.
Incremental impacts may also include the direct costs associated
with additional effort for future consultations, reinitiated
consultations, new consultations occurring specifically because of the
designation, and additional project modifications that would not have
been required to avoid jeopardizing the continued existence of the
species. Additionally, incremental impacts may include indirect impacts
resulting from reaction to the designation of critical habitat (e.g.,
developing ESA HCPs in an effort to avoid designation of critical
habitat), triggering of additional requirements under State or local
laws intended to protect sensitive habitat, and uncertainty and
perceptional effects on markets.
To evaluate the economic impact of critical habitat we first
examined our ESA section 7 consultation record for West Coast salmon
and steelhead. That voluminous record includes consultations on
habitat-modifying federal actions both where critical habitat has been
designated and where it has not. As further explained in the supporting
economic report (NMFS, 2015b), to quantify the economic impact of
designation, we employed the following three steps:
(1) Define the geographic study area for the analysis, and identify
the units of analysis (the ``particular areas''). In this case, we
defined HUC5 watersheds that encompass occupied stream reaches as the
study area.
(2) Identify potentially affected economic activities and determine
how management costs may increase due to the designation of critical
habitat for lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound steelhead, both
in terms of project administration and project modification.
(3) Estimate the economic impacts associated with these changes in
management.
We estimated a total annualized incremental cost of approximately
$357,815 for designating all specific areas as critical habitat for
lower Columbia River coho. The greatest costs are associated with
transportation, water supply, and in-stream work activities (see NMFS,
2015b). The Columbia Slough/Willamette River HUC5 watershed had the
largest estimated annual impacts ($54,000) while the Jackson Prairie
HUC5 watershed had the lowest, with zero estimated annual impacts
(NMFS, 2015b).
For Puget Sound steelhead, we estimated a total annualized
incremental administrative cost of approximately $460,924 for
designating all specific areas as critical habitat. The greatest costs
are associated with transportation and in-stream work activities (see
NMFS, 2015b). Several watersheds located throughout the range of the
DPS had zero estimated annual impacts, while the Lake Washington HUC5
watershed had the largest estimated annual impacts ($103,000) (NMFS,
2015b).
In weighing economic impacts, we followed the policy direction from
Executive Order 12866 to ``maximize net benefits'' and seek to achieve
regulatory objectives in ``the most cost effective manner.'' Consistent
with our past practice for salmon and steelhead critical habitat
designations, we took into consideration a cost-effectiveness approach
giving priority to excluding habitat areas with a relatively lower
benefit of designation and a relatively higher economic impact. The
circumstances of these and other listed salmon and steelhead DPSs can
make a cost-effectiveness approach useful because different areas have
different conservation value relative to one another. Pacific salmon
and steelhead are wide-ranging species and occupy numerous habitat
areas with thousands of stream miles. Not all occupied areas are of
equal importance to conserving a DPS. Within the currently occupied
range there are areas that historically were more or less productive,
that are currently more or less degraded, or that support populations
that are more or less central to conservation of the DPS as a whole. As
a result, in many cases it may be possible to construct a designation
scenario in which conservation of the DPS as a whole will be possible
even if the entire area meeting the definition of critical habitat is
not designated. This creates the potential to consider exclusions where
conservation values are relatively low and economic impacts are
relatively high. This is the same approach we took in our 2005 salmonid
critical habitat designations (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005) and
green sturgeon critical habitat designation (74 FR 52300, October 9,
2009).
In seeking a cost-effective designation that would minimize
economic impacts, we also heeded the policy direction to conserve
salmon and steelhead habitat described above. In accordance with the
policy direction to conserve salmon and steelhead habitat, we are not
excluding any habitat areas based on economic impacts if exclusion
would ``significantly impede conservation.'' We adopted this test
because habitat loss and degradation are leading factors for the
decline of both DPSs (70 FR 37160, June 28, 2005; 72 FR 26722, May 11,
2007), and habitat protection and restoration have been identified as
key actions in Lower Columbia River and Puget Sound recovery plans and
assessments (Puget Sound Salmon Recovery Plan, 2009; Judge, 2011; NMFS,
2013). Consistent with this test, we did not consider any areas for an
economic exclusion that we had identified as having a high conservation
value. We gave greater weight to the benefit of designating these high
value areas than to the benefit of avoiding economic impacts because of
the historic loss and degradation of habitat, the ongoing threats to
habitat, and the importance of habitat protection and restoration in
recovering the DPSs. The approach taken here is the same approach we
took in our 2005 salmon and steelhead critical habitat designations (70
FR 52630, September 2, 2005) and green sturgeon critical habitat
designation (74 FR 52300, October 9, 2009). Also consistent with this
test, we are not excluding any medium or low quality habitat areas if
we concluded that their exclusion would significantly impede
conservation, as described further below.
In the first step of balancing economic benefits, we identified for
potential exclusion the low value habitat areas with an annual economic
impact greater than or equal to $10,000 and the medium value habitat
areas with an annual economic impact greater than or equal to $100,000.
These dollar thresholds are substantially lower than the thresholds we
used in our 2005 designations because here we have used the incremental
impact of designation, while in the 2005 rule we used the coextensive
impact of designation. (Our 2005 rule explains in greater detail how
and why we relied on coextensive impacts (see 70 FR 52630, September 2,
2005)). As with the 2005 designations, the thresholds we selected for
identifying habitat areas eligible for exclusion do not represent an
objective
[[Page 9268]]
judgment that, for example, a low value area is worth a certain dollar
amount and no more. The statute directs us to balance dissimilar values
but also emphasizes the discretionary nature of the balancing task. The
cost estimates developed by our economic analysis do not have obvious
break points that would lead to a logical division between ``high,''
``medium,'' and ``low'' costs. Given these factors, a judgment that any
particular dollar threshold is objectively ``right,'' would be neither
necessary nor possible. Rather, what economic impact is high and,
therefore, might outweigh the benefit of designating a medium or low
value habitat area is a matter of discretion and depends on the policy
context.
In the second step of the process, we asked the Teams whether
exclusion of any of the low- or medium-value habitat areas would
significantly impede conservation of the DPS. The Teams considered this
question in the context of: (1) The Indian lands and HCP lands they
assumed would be excluded based on ``other relevant impacts''
(exclusions discussed later in this report), (2) all of the areas
eligible for economic exclusion, and (3) the information they had
developed in providing the conservation ratings. The Critical Habitat
Designations section below describes the results of applying the two-
step process to each DPS. The results are discussed in greater detail
in a separate report that is available for public review (NMFS, 2015c).
Other Relevant Impacts--Impacts to Tribal Sovereignty and Self-
Governance
Much of the benefit of designating critical habitat on Indian lands
is the same as designating critical habitat on other lands. In an ESA
section 7 consultation, federal agencies must ensure their actions do
not destroy or adversely modify the designated critical habitat, in
addition to ensuring their actions do not jeopardize the continued
existence of the species. There is a broad array of activities on
Indian lands that may trigger section 7 consultations. The other
benefit is the notice that designation gives that an area is important
to conservation of the species. Both of these benefits may be
diminished by the fact that tribes are actively working to address the
habitat needs of the species on their lands as well, as in the larger
ecosystem, and are fully aware of the conservation value of their
lands. (This is documented in correspondence from the tribes, several
in response to the agency's ANPR (76 FR 1392, January 10, 2011)).
Indian lands affected by a critical habitat designation only occur
within the range of the Puget Sound steelhead DPS, and they comprise
only a minor portion (approximately 2 percent) of the total habitat
under consideration for designation (NMFS, 2015c). This percentage is
likely an overestimate as it includes all habitat area within
reservation boundaries. In many cases, a considerable portion of the
land within the reservation boundaries is no longer held in trust for
the tribe or in fee status by individual tribal members.
The longstanding and distinctive relationship between the federal
and tribal governments is defined by treaties, statutes, executive
orders, judicial decisions, and agreements, which differentiate tribal
governments from the other entities that deal with, or are affected by,
the Federal Government. This relationship has given rise to a special
federal trust responsibility involving the legal responsibilities and
obligations of the United States toward Indian Tribes with respect to
Indian lands, tribal trust resources, and the exercise of tribal rights
(e.g., Executive Order 13175 and Secretarial Order 3206). Pursuant to
these federal policies and authorities, lands have been retained by
Indian Tribes or have been set aside for tribal use. These lands are
managed by Indian Tribes in accordance with tribal goals and objectives
within the framework of applicable treaties and laws.
In addition to the distinctive trust relationship, for Pacific
salmonids in the Northwest, there is a unique partnership between the
Federal Government and Indian tribes regarding salmonid management.
Northwest Indian tribes are regarded as ``co-managers'' of the salmonid
resource, along with federal and state managers. This co-management
relationship evolved as a result of numerous court decisions clarifying
the tribes' treaty right to take fish in their usual and accustomed
places. The tribes have stated in letters and meetings that designation
of Indian lands as critical habitat will undermine long-term working
relationships and reduce the capacity of tribes to participate at
current levels in the many and varied forums addressing ecosystem
management and conservation of fisheries resources. In the decision
Center for Biological Diversity v. Norton, 240 F. Supp. 2d 1090 (D.
Ariz. 2003), the court held that a positive working relationship with
Indian tribes is a relevant impact that can be considered when weighing
the relative benefits of a critical habitat.
The current co-manager process addressing activities on an
ecosystem-wide basis throughout the Northwest is beneficial for the
conservation of the salmonids. We also believe that maintenance of our
current co-manager relationship consistent with existing policies is an
important benefit to continuance of our tribal trust responsibilities
and relationship. Based upon our consultation with the Tribes, we
believe that designation of Indian lands as critical habitat would
adversely impact our working relationship and the benefits resulting
from this relationship. The benefits of excluding Indian lands from
designation include: (1) The furtherance of established national
policies, our federal trust obligations and our deference to the tribes
in management of natural resources on their lands; (2) the maintenance
of effective long-term working relationships to promote the
conservation of salmonids on an ecosystem wide basis across four
states; (3) the allowance for continued meaningful collaboration and
cooperation in scientific work to learn more about the conservation
needs of the species on an ecosystem-wide basis; and (4) continued
respect for tribal sovereignty over management of natural resources on
Indian lands through established tribal natural resource programs.
Based upon these considerations, we have determined to exercise
agency discretion under ESA section 4(b)(2) and exclude Indian lands
from the critical habitat designation for Puget Sound steelhead. The
Indian lands specifically excluded from critical habitat are those
defined in the Secretarial Order, including: (1) Lands held in trust by
the United States for the benefit of any Indian tribe; (2) land held in
trust by the United States for any Indian Tribe or individual subject
to restrictions by the United States against alienation; (3) fee lands,
either within or outside the reservation boundaries, owned by the
tribal government; and (4) fee lands within the reservation boundaries
owned by individual Indians. These particular areas comprise only 2
percent of the total area under consideration for designation as
critical habitat for Puget Sound steelhead (NMFS, 2015c).
Other Relevant Impacts--Impacts to Landowners With Contractual
Commitments to Conservation
Conservation agreements with non-federal landowners (e.g., HCPs)
enhance species conservation by extending species protections beyond
those available through section 7 consultations. We have encouraged
non-federal landowners to enter into conservation agreements, based on
a
[[Page 9269]]
view that we can achieve greater species' conservation on non-federal
land through such voluntary partnerships than we can through coercive
methods (61 FR 63854, December 2, 1996).
Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the ESA authorizes us to issue to non-
federal entities a permit for the incidental take of endangered and
threatened species. This permit allows a non-federal landowner to
proceed with an activity that is legal in all other respects, but that
results in the incidental taking of a listed species (i.e., take that
is incidental to, and not the purpose of, the carrying out of an
otherwise lawful activity). The ESA specifies that an application for
an incidental take permit must be accompanied by a conservation plan,
and specifies the content of such a plan. The purpose of such an HCP is
to describe and ensure that the effects of the permitted action on
covered species are adequately minimized and mitigated, and that the
action does not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the survival and
recovery of the species.
In previous critical habitat designations for West Coast salmon and
steelhead (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005), we have exercised
discretion to exclude some (but not all) lands covered by an HCP from
designation after concluding that benefits of exclusion outweighed the
benefits of designation. For lands covered by an HCP, the benefits of
designation typically arise from section 7 protections as well as
enhanced public awareness. The benefits of exclusion generally include
relieving regulatory burdens on existing conservation partners,
maintaining good working relationships with them (thus enhancing
implementation of existing HCPs), and encouraging the development of
new partnerships.
We contacted the HCP landowners whose lands were excluded in our
2005 designations (Washington Department of Natural Resources, Green
Diamond Resources Company, and West Fork Timber Company) to discuss the
critical habitat designations for lower Columbia River coho and Puget
Sound steelhead. We also contacted several additional landowners whose
HCPs had been authorized subsequent to our 2005 critical habitat
designations (Washington Forest Practices, City of Portland-Bull Run
Water Supply, and City of Kent Water Supply) or were existing then but
now determined to overlap with new habitat areas being considered for
designation (J.L. Storedahl and Sons). All of them except one (City of
Portland) requested that their lands be excluded from designation as
critical habitat for these DPSs, and were of the opinion that exclusion
would be a benefit and enhance the partnership between NMFS and the HCP
landowner. We also reviewed the activities covered by the HCPs, the
protections afforded by the HCP agreement, and the federal activities
that are likely to occur on the affected lands (NMFS, 2015c). From this
information, we determined that, in most cases, the conservation
benefits to the species from the HCPs outweigh the conservation
benefits of designation and, therefore, are excluding HCP lands where
the landowner or regulator demonstrated that exclusion would have the
benefit of improving our working relationship with them or with those
whose lands were covered by the HCP. One exception involves specific
lands on the Kitsap Peninsula that are not currently identified as
being actively enrolled under Washington Forest Practices HCP and which
we have determined warrant critical habitat designation for Puget Sound
steelhead (NMFS 2015c).
Exclusion Will Not Result in Extinction of the Species
Section 4(b)(2) limits our discretion to exclude areas from
designation if exclusion will result in extinction of the species.
Because we have not recommended excluding any habitat areas based
on economic impacts if the exclusion would significantly impede
conservation, we have determined for each DPS that the exclusion of the
areas we recommend based on economic impacts will not result in the
extinction of either DPS. All areas excluded are of low conservation
value. Moreover, they comprise a small fraction--less than 5 percent--
of all habitat areas considered for designation as critical habitat for
either DPS.
We also conclude that excluding Indian lands--and thereby
furthering the federal government's policy of promoting respect for
tribal sovereignty and self-governance--will not result in extinction
of either species. Habitat on Indian lands represents a small
proportion of total area occupied by the Puget Sound steelhead DPS and
the Tribes are actively engaged in fisheries, habitat management, and
species recovery programs that benefit steelhead and other salmonids.
In addition, we conclude that excluding lands covered by several
HCPs will not result in extinction of either species. These particular
HCPs result in management actions that promote conservation of the
listed species in a manner that is not available through the section 7
requirements regarding critical habitat. Excluding these HCP areas from
designation is expected to enhance our relationship with the landowner
and may provide an incentive to other landowners to seek conservation
agreements with us. These outcomes will, in turn, generally benefit our
recovery efforts to foster voluntary efforts on vast areas of
nonfederal lands which make up a large proportion of each species'
range and will play a critical role in avoiding species extinction.
In total, for lower Columbia River coho we are designating 2,300
stream miles (3,701 km) and excluding 1,045 stream miles (1,682 km),
and for Puget Sound steelhead we are designating 2,031 stream miles
(3,269 km) and excluding 1,569 stream miles (2,525 km). For the
following reasons, we conclude that these exclusions, in combination,
will not result in the extinction of either DPS:
(1) Except for exclusions due to economic impacts, there are no
watersheds that are excluded in their entirety. The most area excluded
for any single watershed is the Lower West Hood Canal watershed, with
78 percent excluded due to the presence of HCPs. This area was rated as
having a low conservation value.
(2) Although the extent of the exclusions overall is significant
(nearly 50 percent of the critical habitat for Puget Sound steelhead
and nearly 30 percent of the critical habitat for lower Columbia coho),
and many of the areas excluded are of medium or high conservation value
to the species, most of the exclusions are based on the presence of
HCPs, which have a conservation benefit for the species. Also, the
likely leverage to obtain significant conservation benefits from an ESA
section 7 consultation is expected to be low for most areas. Because
the presence of high quality forested habitat is key to salmon and
steelhead recovery, the protections of the HCP, which all involve
forested/riparian lands, will have significant benefits over the long
term as riparian forest habitat is developed. In addition, we believe
that the HCP exclusions, in particular, may provide an incentive to
other landowners to seek conservation agreements with us.
(3) The few cases where an entire watershed was excluded (due to
economic impacts), the Teams deemed all involved habitat areas to be of
low conservation value.
(4) The Indian land exclusions involve stream reaches that are
already managed by the tribes for salmonid conservation.
[[Page 9270]]
Critical Habitat Designations
In previous salmonid critical habitat designations we identified
the end-point of designated stream segments using latitude and
longitude coordinates and provided maps depicting the designated areas
(70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005). In May of 2012, we and the USFWS
amended our regulations regarding critical habitat designation (77 FR
25611, May 1, 2012). The revised regulation provides that the
boundaries of critical habitat as mapped or otherwise described in the
Regulation Promulgation section of a rulemaking published in the
Federal Register will be the official delineation of the designation
(50 CFR 424.12). In this designation, we include both the latitude-
longitude coordinates and maps to make it easier to compare the areas
designated with overlapping areas designated for other salmon and
steelhead DPSs in 2005 (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005).
Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon
We are designating approximately 2,300 stream miles (3,701 km)
within the geographical area presently occupied by the lower Columbia
River coho DPS (see Table 3). Other ESA-listed species in this area
with designated critical habitat include lower Columbia River Chinook
and steelhead, Columbia River chum (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005),
bull trout (75 FR 63898, October 18, 2010), green sturgeon (74 FR
52300, October 9, 2009), and the Southern DPS of eulachon (76 FR 65324,
October 20, 2011). Also, the mainstem lower Columbia River is
designated critical habitat for numerous other salmon and steelhead
DPSs whose spawning range is upstream of the area presently occupied by
lower Columbia River coho (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005).
Table 3--Approximate Quantity of Habitat and Ownership Within Watersheds Containing Habitat Areas Designated as
Critical Habitat for Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land ownership type (percent)
Streams and lakes mi (km) -------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal Tribal State Private
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,300 (3,701)............................... 14.6 0 2.0 83.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The areas designated are all occupied and contain physical and
biological features essential to the conservation of the species that
may require special management considerations or protection. No
unoccupied areas were identified that are considered essential for the
conservation of the species. There are 55 watersheds within the range
of this DPS. Three watersheds received a low conservation value rating,
18 received a medium rating, and 34 received a high rating (NMFS,
2015a). The lower Columbia River rearing/migration corridor downstream
of the spawning range is considered to have a high conservation value.
As a result of the balancing process for economic impacts described
above, we are excluding from the designation all or portions of 28
watersheds listed in Table 4. Of the habitat areas eligible for
designation, approximately 27 stream miles (43 km) or 0.8 percent are
being excluded because the economic benefits of exclusion outweigh the
benefits of designation. Also, we are excluding approximately 1,018
stream miles (1,638 km) covered by 4 HCPs (J.L. Storedahl and Sons HCP,
Washington Department of Natural Resources--West of Cascades HCP,
Washington Forest Practices HCP, and West Fork Timber HCP) because the
benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of designation. None of the
HCP exclusions overlap with areas also excluded due to economic
impacts. Total estimated economic impact, with no exclusions, is
$357,815. The economic-related exclusions identified in Table 4 would
reduce the total estimated economic impact approximately 4 percent to
$344,315 (NMFS, 2015b).
Table 4--Habitat Areas Within The Geographical Range of Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon and Excluded From
Critical Habitat
[WDNR = Washington Department of Natural Resources; WFP = Washington Forest Practices; WFT = West Fork Timber]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Watershed code Watershed name Area(s) excluded
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1707010509....................... Wind River.......... WFP HCP lands.
1707010511....................... Wind River.......... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1707010512....................... Middle Columbia/ WFP HCP lands.
Grays Creek.
1707010513....................... Middle Columbia/ WFP HCP lands.
Eagle Creek.
1708000106....................... Washougal River..... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000107....................... Columbia River Gorge WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Tributaries.
1708000109....................... Salmon Creek........ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000201....................... Upper Lewis River... WFP HCP lands.
1708000202....................... Muddy River......... WFP HCP lands.
1708000203....................... Swift Reservoir..... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000204....................... Yale Reservoir...... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000205....................... East Fork Lewis WDNR, WFP, and Storedahl HCP lands.
River.
1708000206....................... Lower Lewis River... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000301....................... Kalama River........ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000304....................... Germany/Abernathy... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000305....................... Skamokawa/Elochoman. WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000402....................... Upper Cowlitz River. WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000403....................... Cowlitz Valley WDNR, WFP, and WFT HCP lands.
Frontal.
1708000405....................... Lower Cispus River.. WFP HCP lands.
1708000501....................... Tilton River........ WDNR, WFP, and WFT HCP lands.
1708000502....................... Riffe Reservoir..... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000503....................... Jackson Prairie..... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
[[Page 9271]]
1708000504....................... North Fork Toutle WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
River.
1708000506....................... South Fork Toutle WFP HCP lands.
River.
1708000507....................... East Willapa........ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000508....................... Coweeman............ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1708000603....................... Grays Bay........... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1709000704....................... Abernethy Creek..... Entire watershed due to economic impacts.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Puget Sound Steelhead
We are designating approximately 2,031 stream miles (3,269 km)
within the geographical area presently occupied by the Puget Sound
steelhead DPS (see Table 5). Other ESA-listed salmonids in this area
with designated critical habitat include Puget Sound Chinook, Hood
Canal summer-run chum (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005), and bull trout
(75 FR 63898, October 18, 2010).
Table 5--Approximate Quantity of Habitat and Ownership Within Watersheds Containing Habitat Areas Designated as
Critical Habitat for Puget Sound Steelhead
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land ownership type (percent)
Streams mi (km) -------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal Tribal State Private
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,031 (3,269)............................... 15.5 0 3.8 80.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The areas designated are all occupied and contain physical and
biological features essential to the conservation of the species that
may require special management considerations or protection. One
unoccupied area in the upper Elwha River watershed was identified as
essential for the conservation of the species and is being designated
as critical habitat. There are 66 watersheds within the range of this
DPS. Nine watersheds received a low conservation value rating, 16
received a medium rating, and 41 received a high rating to the DPS
(NMFS, 2015a).
Approximately 28 stream miles (45 km) are not designated because
they are within lands controlled by the military that contain
qualifying INRMPs. Approximately 70 miles (113 km) of stream are within
the boundaries of Indian reservations, but only those reaches defined
as Indian lands (see Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes)
are excluded. Also, we are excluding approximately 1,361 miles (2,190
km) of stream covered by four HCPs (City of Kent, Green Diamond,
Washington Department of Natural Resources--West of Cascades HCP, and
Washington Forest Practices HCP) because the benefits of exclusion
outweigh the benefits of designation. As a result of the balancing
process for economic impacts described above, the Secretary is
excluding from the designation all or portions of the 60 watersheds
listed in Table 6. Of the habitat areas eligible for designation,
approximately 138 stream miles (222 km) or 3.8 percent are being
excluded because the economic benefits of exclusion outweigh the
benefits of designation. Only a small amount (22 stream miles (35 km))
are excluded due to economic impacts overlap with areas also excluded
as HCP lands or Indian lands. Total estimated economic impact, with no
exclusions, is $460,924. The economic-related exclusions identified in
Table 6 reduces the total estimated economic impact approximately 29
percent to $326,966 (NMFS, 2015c).
Table 6--Habitat Areas Within the Geographical Range of Puget Sound
Steelhead and Excluded From Critical Habitat
[WDNR = Washington Department of Natural Resources; WFP = Washington
Forest Practices]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Watershed code Watershed name Area(s) excluded
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1711000201............... Bellingham Bay..... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711000202............... Samish River....... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711000204............... Birch Bay.......... WFP HCP lands.
1711000401............... Upper North Fork WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Nooksack River.
1711000402............... Middle Fork WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Nooksack River.
1711000403............... South Fork Nooksack Indian lands and WDNR
River. and WFP HCP lands.
1711000404............... Lower North Fork Indian lands and WDNR
Nooksack River. and WFP HCP lands.
1711000405............... Nooksack River..... Indian lands and WDNR
and WFP HCP lands.
1711000504............... Skagit River/Gorge WFP HCP lands.
Lake.
1711000505............... Skagit River/ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Diobsud Creek.
1711000506............... Cascade River...... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711000507............... Skagit River/ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Illabot Creek.
1711000508............... Baker River........ WFP HCP lands.
1711000601............... Upper Sauk River... WFP HCP lands.
1711000603............... Lower Suiattle WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
River.
[[Page 9272]]
1711000604............... Lower Sauk River... Indian lands and WDNR
and WFP HCP lands.
1711000701............... Middle Skagit River/ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Finney Creek.
1711000702............... Lower Skagit River/ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Nookachamps Creek.
1711000801............... North Fork WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Stillaguamish
River.
1711000802............... South Fork WDNR and WFP HCP lands
Stillaguamish and DOD lands.
River.
1711000803............... Lower Stillaguamish WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
River.
1711000901............... Tye and Beckler WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Rivers.
1711000902............... Skykomish River WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Forks.
1711000903............... Skykomish River/ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Wallace River.
1711000904............... Sultan River....... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711000905............... Skykomish River/ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Woods Creek.
1711001003............... Middle Fork WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Snoqualmie River.
1711001004............... Lower Snoqualmie WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
River.
1711001101............... Pilchuck River..... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711001102............... Snohomish River.... Indian lands and WDNR
and WFP HCP lands.
1711001201............... Cedar River........ WDNR and City of Kent
HCP lands.
1711001202............... Lake Sammamish..... Entire watershed due to
economic impacts
(including WDNR and WFP
HCP lands).
1711001203............... Lake Washington.... Entire watershed due to
economic impacts.
1711001204............... Sammamish River.... Entire watershed due to
economic impacts
(including WDNR and WFP
HCP lands).
1711001301............... Upper Green River.. WFP HCP lands.
1711001302............... Middle Green River. Indian lands and WDNR
HCP lands.
1711001303............... Lower Green River.. Indian lands.
1711001401............... Upper White River.. WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711001402............... Lower White River.. Indian lands and WFP HCP
lands.
1711001403............... Carbon River....... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711001405............... Lower Puyallup Indian lands and WFP HCP
River. lands.
1711001502............... Mashel/Ohop........ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711001503............... Lowland............ Indian lands, DOD lands,
and WFP HCP lands.
1711001601............... Prairie 1.......... WFP HCP lands.
1711001602............... Prairie 2.......... WFP HCP lands.
1711001701............... Skokomish River.... Indian lands and WFP and
Green Diamond HCP
lands.
1711001802............... Lower West Hood WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Canal Frontal.
1711001804............... Duckabush River.... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711001806............... Big Quilcene River. WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711001807............... Upper West Hood WDNR and WFP HCP lands
Canal Frontal. and DOD lands.
1711001808............... West Kitsap........ WDNR and WFP HCP lands
(except those WFP HCP
lands overlapping with
areas occupied by Puget
Sound steelhead and not
classified as being in
an approved or renewed
status by the
Washington Department
of Natural Resources as
of September 2015).
1711001900............... Kennedy/ Indian lands and WDNR
Goldsborough. and WFP, and Green
Diamond HCP lands.
1711001901............... Puget.............. WDNR and WFP HCP lands
(except those WFP HCP
lands overlapping with
areas occupied by Puget
Sound steelhead and not
classified as being in
an approved or renewed
status by the
Washington Department
of Natural Resources as
of September 2015).
1711001902............... Prairie 3.......... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711001906............... Chambers Creek..... DOD Lands.
1711001908............... Port Ludlow/ WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
Chimacum Creek.
1711002001............... Discovery Bay...... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711002002............... Sequim Bay......... Indian lands and WDNR
and WFP HCP lands.
1711002003............... Dungeness River.... WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711002004............... Port Angeles Harbor WDNR and WFP HCP lands.
1711002007............... Elwha River........ Indian lands and WDNR
and WFP HCP lands.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lateral Extent of Critical Habitat
In past designations, we have described the lateral extent of
critical habitat in various ways, ranging from fixed distances to
``functional'' zones defined by important riparian functions (65 FR
7764, February 16, 2000). Designating a set riparian zone width will
(in some places) accurately reflect the distance from the stream on
which essential features might be found, but in other cases may
overstate or understate the distance. Designating a functional buffer
avoids that problem, but makes it difficult for federal agencies to
know in advance what areas are critical habitat. To address these
issues, we are defining the lateral extent of designated critical
habitat as the width of the stream channel defined by the ordinary high
water line as defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 33 CFR
329.11. In areas for which ordinary high-water has not been defined
pursuant to 33 CFR 329.11, the width of the stream channel shall be
defined by its bankfull elevation. Bankfull elevation is the level at
which water begins to leave the channel and move into the floodplain
(Rosgen, 1996) and is reached at a discharge which generally has a
recurrence interval of 1 to 2 years on the
[[Page 9273]]
annual flood series (Leopold et al., 1992). Such an interval is
commensurate with nearly all of the juvenile freshwater life phases of
most salmon and steelhead DPSs. Therefore, it is reasonable to assert
that for an occupied stream reach this lateral extent is regularly
``occupied.'' Moreover, the bankfull elevation can be readily discerned
for a variety of stream reaches and stream types using recognizable
water lines (e.g., marks on rocks) or vegetation boundaries (Rosgen,
1996). Since 2005, this has proven to be a successful approach for
defining the lateral extent of critical habitat for West Coast salmon
and steelhead (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005); therefore, we will
continue the practice in this final rule.
As underscored in previous critical habitat designations, the
quality of aquatic habitat within stream channels is intrinsically
related to the adjacent riparian zones and floodplain, surrounding
wetlands and uplands, and non-fish-bearing streams above occupied
stream reaches. Human activities that occur outside the stream or
designated critical habitat can modify or destroy physical and
biological features of the stream. In addition, human activities that
occur within and adjacent to reaches upstream (e.g., road failures) or
downstream (e.g., dams) of designated stream reaches can also have
demonstrable effects on physical and biological features of designated
reaches. This designation will help to ensure that federal agencies are
aware of these important habitat linkages for lower Columbia River coho
and Puget Sound steelhead.
In the few cases where we are designating lakes/reservoirs as
critical habitat, the lateral extent may best be defined as the
perimeter of the water body as displayed on standard 1:24,000 scale
topographic maps or the elevation of ordinary high water, whichever is
greater.
Effects of Critical Habitat Designation
Section 7(a)(2) of the ESA requires federal agencies to insure that
any action authorized, funded, or carried out by the agency (agency
action) does not jeopardize the continued existence of any threatened
or endangered species or destroy or adversely modify designated
critical habitat. When a species is listed or critical habitat is
designated, federal agencies must consult with us on any agency actions
to be conducted in an area where the species is present and that may
affect the species or its critical habitat. During the consultation, we
evaluate the agency action to determine whether the action may
adversely affect listed species or critical habitat and issue our
findings in a biological opinion. If we conclude in the biological
opinion that the agency action would likely result in the destruction
or adverse modification of critical habitat, we would also recommend
any reasonable and prudent alternatives to the action. Reasonable and
prudent alternatives are defined in 50 CFR 402.02 as alternative
actions identified during formal consultation that can be implemented
in a manner consistent with the intended purpose of the action, that
are consistent with the scope of the federal agency's legal authority
and jurisdiction, that are economically and technologically feasible,
and that would avoid the destruction or adverse modification of
critical habitat.
Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require federal agencies that have
retained discretionary involvement or control over an action, or where
such discretionary involvement or control is authorized by law, to
reinitiate consultation on previously reviewed actions in instances in
which (1) critical habitat is subsequently designated; or (2) new
information or changes to the action may result in effects to critical
habitat not previously considered in the biological opinion.
Consequently, some federal agencies may request re-initiation of a
consultation with us on actions for which formal consultation has been
completed if those actions may affect designated critical habitat.
Activities subject to the ESA section 7 consultation process
include activities on federal lands and activities on private or state
lands requiring a permit from a federal agency (e.g., a Clean Water
Act, Section 404 dredge or fill permit from U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers) or some other federal action, including funding (e.g., ESA
Section 6, Federal Highway Administration, or Federal Emergency
Management Agency funding). Section 7 consultation would not be
required for federal actions that do not affect listed species or
critical habitat, nor for actions on non-federal and private lands that
are not carried out, funded, or authorized by a federal agency.
Activities That May Be Affected By Critical Habitat Designation
ESA section 4(b)(8) requires in any proposed or final regulation to
designate critical habitat an evaluation and brief description of those
activities (whether public or private) that may adversely modify such
habitat or that may be affected by such designation. A wide variety of
activities may affect designated critical habitat and may be subject to
the ESA section 7 consultation process when carried out, funded, or
authorized by a federal agency. These include water and land management
actions of numerous federal agencies (i.e., Bonneville Power
Administration, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Bureau of Land
Management (BLM), Department of Housing and Urban Development, DOD,
Farm Service Agency, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA),
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Federal Highway
Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit
Administration, NOAA, National Park Service (NPS), Natural Resource
Conservation Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of
Energy, U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Forest Service (USFS),
USFWS, and U.S. Geological Survey) and related or similar federally-
regulated projects and activities on federal lands, including
hydropower sites licensed by the FERC; nuclear power sites licensed by
the NRC; dams built or operated by the USACE or BOR; timber sales and
other vegetation management activities conducted by the USFS, BLM and
BIA; irrigation diversions authorized by the USFS and BLM; and road
building and maintenance activities authorized by the USFS, BLM, NPS,
and BIA. Other actions of concern include: Dredging and filling,
mining, diking, and bank stabilization activities authorized or
conducted by the USACE; habitat modifications authorized by FEMA; and
approval of water quality standards and pesticide labeling and use
restrictions administered by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Private entities may also be affected by these critical habitat
designations if a federal permit is required, if federal funding is
received, or the entity is involved in or receives benefits from a
federal project. For example, private entities may have special use
permits to convey water or build access roads across federal land; they
may require federal permits to construct irrigation withdrawal
facilities, or build or repair docks; they may obtain water from
federally funded and operated irrigation projects; or they may apply
pesticides that are only available with federal agency approval. These
activities will need to be evaluated with respect to their potential to
destroy or adversely modify critical habitat for lower Columbia River
coho and Puget Sound steelhead. Changes to some activities,
[[Page 9274]]
such as the operations of dams and dredging activities, may be
necessary to minimize or avoid destruction or adverse modification of
critical habitat. Transportation and utilities sectors may need to
modify the placement of culverts, bridges, and utility conveyances
(e.g., water, sewer, and power lines) to avoid barriers to fish
migration. Developments (e.g., marinas, residential, or industrial
facilities) occurring in or near streams, estuaries, or marine waters
designated as critical habitat that require federal authorization or
funding may need to be altered or built in a manner to ensure that
critical habitat is not destroyed or adversely modified as a result of
the construction or subsequent operation of the facility. Questions
regarding whether specific activities will constitute destruction or
adverse modification of critical habitat should be directed to NMFS
(see ADDRESSES and FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
Information Quality Act and Peer Review
The data and analyses supporting this action have undergone a pre-
dissemination review and have been determined to be in compliance with
applicable information quality guidelines implementing the Information
Quality Act (IQA) (Section 515 of Pub. L. 106-554). In December 2004,
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued a Final Information
Quality Bulletin for Peer Review pursuant to the IQA. The Bulletin was
published in the Federal Register on January 14, 2005 (70 FR 2664). The
Bulletin established minimum peer review standards, a transparent
process for public disclosure of peer review planning, and
opportunities for public participation with regard to certain types of
information disseminated by the Federal Government. The peer review
requirements of the OMB Bulletin apply to influential or highly
influential scientific information disseminated on or after June 16,
2005. Two documents supporting these critical habitat designations are
considered influential scientific information and subject to peer
review. These documents are the final biological report (NMFS, 2015a)
and final economic analysis (NMFS, 2015b). We distributed these
documents for independent peer review and have addressed all comments
received in developing the final drafts of the two reports. Both
documents are available on our Web site at http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/.
Classification
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996), whenever an agency publishes a notice of rulemaking for any
proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make available for public
comment a final regulatory flexibility analysis describing the effects
of the rule on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small
organizations, and small government jurisdictions). We prepared a final
regulatory flexibility analysis (which incorporates information from
the initial regulatory flexibility analysis) as part of the final
economic analysis (NMFS, 2015b). This document is available upon
request (see ADDRESSES section above) and can be found on our Web site
at http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/. The results of the final
regulatory flexibility analysis are summarized below, organized by
determinations prescribed in section 604 of the Regulatory Flexibility
Act (5 U.S.C. 601, et seq.).
(1) This rule is needed in order to comply with the ESA's
requirement to designate critical habitat to the maximum extent prudent
and determinable when species are listed as threatened or endangered.
The objectives of this action are to help conserve threatened lower
Columbia River coho and Puget Sound steelhead by identifying critical
habitat areas, consistent with the best available scientific
information, that contain the physical and biological features
essential to the conservation of the species and which may require
special management considerations or protection. Once designated, this
critical habitat can be protected through the ESA section 7
consultation process in which NMFS and federal action agencies review
the effects of federal actions on the survival and recovery of these
species.
(2) We solicited but did not receive comments on our initial
regulatory flexibility analysis from the public nor from the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration.
(3) The impacts to small businesses were assessed for the following
broad categories of activities: Hydropower, development, in-stream
work, water supply, federal lands management, transportation,
utilities, mining, and other activities (including water, sewer, and
oil/gas pipeline construction). Small entities are defined by the Small
Business Administration size standards for each activity type. Of
potentially affected entities, 89 percent are classified as likely to
be ``small.'' We estimated the annualized costs associated with ESA
section 7 consultations incurred per small business under two different
scenarios. We developed these scenarios because unavailable or
inadequate data leaves some uncertainty surrounding both the numbers of
entities that will be subject to the rule and the characteristics of
any impacts on particular entities. Under Scenario 1, our analysis
estimates the number of small entities located within areas that may be
affected by the designation (approximately 5,381 for lower Columbia
River coho, and 12,758 for Puget Sound steelhead), and assumes that
incremental impacts are distributed evenly across all entities in each
affected activity category (i.e., an assumption that accounts for
uncertainties in available data). Under this scenario, for lower
Columbia River coho, a small entity may bear costs up to $3,430,
representing less than 0.12 percent of average revenues (depending on
the activity category). For Puget Sound steelhead, a small entity may
bear costs up to $1,260, representing less than 0.05 percent of average
revenues (depending on the activity category).
Under scenario 2, our analysis assumes costs of each anticipated
future consultation are borne by a distinct small business
(approximately 55 entities for lower Columbia River coho, 117 for Puget
Sound steelhead). Under this scenario, in the range of lower Columbia
River coho critical habitat, each small entity may bear costs of
between $1,120 and $31,000, representing between <0.01 and 0.46 percent
of average annual revenues, depending on the activity category. In the
range of Puget Sound steelhead critical habitat, each small entity may
bear costs of between $510 and $5,930, representing between <0.01 and
0.17 percent of average annual revenues, depending on the activity
category.
(4) There are no record-keeping or reporting requirements
associated with this final rule. Similarly, there are no other
compliance requirements in the rule. There are no professional skills
necessary for preparation of any report or record.
(5) In accordance with the requirements of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (as amended by the Small Business Regulatory
Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996), our analysis considered various
alternatives to the critical habitat designations for these DPSs. The
alternative of not designating critical habitat for these DPSs was
considered and rejected because such an
[[Page 9275]]
approach does not meet the legal requirements of the ESA. We also
examined and rejected a second alternative in which all the potential
critical habitat for these two DPSs is designated (i.e., no areas are
excluded) because some of the areas considered to have a low
conservation value also had relatively high economic impacts that might
be mitigated by excluding those areas from designation. A third
alternative we examined and rejected would exclude all habitat areas
with a low or medium conservation value. While this alternative
furthers the goal of reducing economic impacts, it is not sensitive to
the fact that, for both of these DPSs, eliminating all habitat areas
with low and medium conservation value is likely to significantly
impede conservation. Moreover, for some habitat areas the incremental
economic benefit from excluding that area is relatively small or zero.
Therefore, after considering these three alternatives in the context of
the section 4(b)(2) process of weighing benefits of exclusion against
benefits of designation, we determined that the approach used in this
final rule (i.e., designating some, but not all, areas with low or
medium conservation value) provides an appropriate balance of
conservation and economic mitigation and that excluding the areas
identified in this rulemaking will not result in extinction of the
DPSs.
Executive Order 12866
This final rule has been determined to be not significant under
Executive Order 12866.
Executive Order 13211
On May 18, 2001, the President issued an executive order on
regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, and
use. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of
Energy Effects when undertaking any action that promulgates or is
expected to lead to the promulgation of a final rule or regulation that
(1) is a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866 and
(2) is likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy.
We have considered the potential impacts of this action on the
supply, distribution, or use of energy and find the designation of
critical habitat will not have impacts that exceed the thresholds
identified above (NMFS, 2015b).
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.)
In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, we make the
following findings:
(a) This final rule will not produce a federal mandate. In general,
a federal mandate is a provision in legislation, statute or regulation
that would impose an enforceable duty upon state, local, tribal
governments, or the private sector and includes both ``Federal
intergovernmental mandates'' and ``Federal private sector mandates.''
These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. 658(5)-(7). ``Federal
intergovernmental mandate'' includes a regulation that ``would impose
an enforceable duty upon State, local, or tribal governments'' with two
exceptions. It excludes ``a condition of Federal assistance.'' It also
excludes ``a duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal
program,'' unless the regulation ``relates to a then-existing Federal
program under which $500,000,000 or more is provided annually to state,
local, and tribal governments under entitlement authority,'' if the
provision would ``increase the stringency of conditions of assistance''
or ``place caps upon, or otherwise decrease, the Federal Government's
responsibility to provide funding'' and the state, local, or tribal
governments ``lack authority'' to adjust accordingly. (At the time of
enactment, these entitlement programs were: Medicaid; Aid to Families
with Dependent Children work programs; Child Nutrition; Food Stamps;
Social Services Block Grants; Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants;
Foster Care, Adoption Assistance, and Independent Living; Family
Support Welfare Services; and Child Support Enforcement.)
``Federal private sector mandate'' includes a regulation that
``would impose an enforceable duty upon the private sector, except (i)
a condition of Federal assistance; or (ii) a duty arising from
participation in a voluntary Federal program.'' The designation of
critical habitat does not impose a legally binding duty on non-federal
government entities or private parties. Under the ESA, the only
regulatory effect is that federal agencies must ensure that their
actions do not destroy or adversely modify critical habitat under
section 7. While non-federal entities which receive federal funding,
assistance, permits or otherwise require approval or authorization from
a federal agency for an action may be indirectly impacted by the
designation of critical habitat, the legally binding duty to avoid
destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat rests squarely
on the federal agency. Furthermore, to the extent that non-federal
entities are indirectly impacted because they receive federal
assistance or participate in a voluntary federal aid program, the
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would not apply; nor would critical
habitat shift the costs of the large entitlement programs listed above
to state governments.
(b) Due to the existing protection afforded to the critical habitat
from existing critical habitat for salmon and steelhead (70 FR 52630,
September 2, 2005), Southern DPS of green sturgeon (74 FR 52300,
October 9, 2009), bull trout (70 FR 56212, September 26, 2005), and the
Southern DPS of eulachon (76 FR 65324, October 20, 2011), we do not
anticipate that this final rule will significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. As such, a Small Government Agency Plan is not
required.
Takings
Under Executive Order 12630, federal agencies must consider the
effects of their actions on constitutionally protected private property
rights and avoid unnecessary takings of property. A taking of property
includes actions that result in physical invasion or occupancy of
private property, and regulations imposed on private property that
substantially affect its value or use. In accordance with Executive
Order 12630, this final rule does not have significant takings
implications. A takings implication assessment is not required. The
designation of critical habitat affects only federal agency actions. We
do not expect the critical habitat designations will impose additional
burdens on land use or affect property values. Additionally, the
critical habitat designations do not preclude the development of HCPs
and issuance of incidental take permits for non-federal actions. Owners
of areas included within the critical habitat designations would
continue to have the opportunity to use their property in ways
consistent with the survival of listed salmon and steelhead.
Federalism
In accordance with Executive Order 13132, we determined that this
final rule does not have significant Federalism effects and that a
Federalism assessment is not required. In keeping with Department of
Commerce policies, we request information from, and will coordinate
development of these critical habitat designations with, appropriate
state resource agencies in Oregon and Washington. The final
designations may
[[Page 9276]]
have some benefit to state and local resource agencies in that the
areas essential to the conservation of the species are more clearly
defined, and the essential features of the habitat necessary for the
survival of the subject DPSs are specifically identified. It may also
assist local governments in long-range planning (rather than waiting
for case-by-case ESA section 7 consultations to occur).
Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes
Pursuant to Executive Order 13175 and Secretarial Order 3206, we
contacted the affected Indian Tribes when considering the designation
of critical habitat in an area that may impact tribal trust resources,
tribally owned fee lands or the exercise of tribal rights. All of the
responding tribes expressed concern about the intrusion into tribal
sovereignty that critical habitat designation represents. These
concerns are consistent with previous responses from tribes when we
developed critical habitat designations for salmon and steelhead in
2005 (70 FR 52630, September 2, 2005). The Secretarial Order defines
Indian lands as ``any lands title to which is either: (1) Held in trust
by the United States for the benefit of any Indian tribe or (2) held by
an Indian Tribe or individual subject to restrictions by the United
States against alienation.'' Our conversations with the tribes indicate
that they view the designation of Indian lands as an unwanted intrusion
into tribal self-governance, compromising the government-to-government
relationship that is essential to achieving our mutual goal of
conserving threatened and endangered salmonids.
For the general reasons described in the Other Relevant Impacts--
Impacts to Tribal Sovereignty and Self-Governance section above, the
ESA Section 4(b)(2) analysis has led us to exclude all Indian lands in
our final designations for lower Columbia River coho and Puget Sound
steelhead.
Civil Justice Reform
The Department of Commerce has determined that this final rule does
not unduly burden the judicial system and meets the requirements of
sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988. We are designating
critical habitat in accordance with the provisions of the ESA. This
final rule uses standard property descriptions and identifies the
essential features within the designated areas to assist the public in
understanding the habitat needs of lower Columbia River coho and Puget
Sound steelhead.
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)
This final rule does not contain new or revised information
collection requirements for which OMB approval is required under the
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). This final rule will not impose
recordkeeping or reporting requirements on state or local governments,
individuals, businesses, or organizations. Notwithstanding any other
provision of the law, no person is required to respond to, nor shall
any person be subject to a penalty for failure to comply with, a
collection of information subject to the requirements of the PRA,
unless that collection of information displays a currently valid OMB
Control Number.
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA)
We have determined that an environmental analysis as provided for
under NEPA is not required for critical habitat designations made
pursuant to the ESA. See Douglas County v. Babbitt, 48 F.3d 1495 (9th
Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 116 S. Ct. 698 (1996).
Coastal Zone Management Act
Section 307(c)(1) of the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of
1972 (16 U.S.C. 1456) requires that all federal activities that affect
the land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone be
consistent with approved state coastal zone management programs to the
maximum extent practicable. We have determined that these final
designations of critical habitat are consistent to the maximum extent
practicable with the enforceable policies of approved Coastal Zone
Management Programs of Oregon and Washington.
References Cited
A complete list of all references cited in this rulemaking can be
found on our Web site at http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/ and
is available upon request from the NMFS office in Portland, Oregon (see
ADDRESSES).
List of Subjects
50 CFR Part 223
Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Transportation.
50 CFR Part 226
Endangered and threatened species.
Dated: February 11, 2016.
Samuel D. Rauch, III,
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National Marine
Fisheries Service.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, we amend 50 CFR parts 223
and 226 as follows:
PART 223--THREATENED MARINE AND ANADROMOUS SPECIES
0
1. The authority citation for part 223 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1531-1543 and 16 U.S.C 1361 et seq.
0
2. In Sec. 223.102, in the table in paragraph (e) under ``Fishes,''
amend the entries for ``Salmon, coho (Lower Columbia River ESU)'' and
``Steelhead (Puget Sound DPS)'' by adding the cross-references in the
``Critical habitat'' column to read as follows:
Sec. 223.102 Enumeration of threatened marine and anadromous species.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Citation(s) for Critical
Description of listing habitat ESA rules
Common name Scientific name listed entity determination(s)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Fishes
* * * * * * *
Salmon, coho (Lower Columbia River ESU)............................ * * * * * * * * * 226.212 * * *
Steelhead (Puget Sound DPS)........................................ * * * * * * * * * 226.212 * * *
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 9277]]
* * * * *
PART 226--DESIGNATED CRITICAL HABITAT
0
3. The authority citation of part 226 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1533.
0
4. In Sec. 226.212:
0
a. Revise the section heading and introductory text;
0
b. Revise paragraph (a) introductory text;
0
c. Add paragraphs (a)(14) and (15);
0
d. Revise paragraph (c) introductory text and paragraphs (e)(9) and
(e)(23) and (24);
0
e. Add paragraph (e)(25);
0
f. Revise paragraph (f) introductory text;
0
g. Add paragraphs (f)(1), (f)(2), (f)(5), and (f)(6);
0
h. Redesignate paragraphs (g) and (h) as paragraphs (f)(3) and (f)(4);
0
i. Revise newly redesignated paragraphs (f)(3) and (f)(4);
0
j. Redesignate paragraphs (i) through (u) as paragraphs (g) through
(s); and
0
i. Add paragraphs (t) and (u).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 226.212 Critical habitat for 15 Distinct Population Segments
(DPSs) of salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus spp.) in Washington,
Oregon and Idaho.
Critical habitat is designated in the following states and counties
for the following DPSs as described in paragraph (a) of this section,
and as further described in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this section.
The textual descriptions of critical habitat for each DPS are included
in paragraphs (i) through (w) of this section, and these descriptions
are the definitive source for determining the critical habitat
boundaries. General location maps are provided at the end of each DPS
description (paragraphs (i) through (w) of this section) and are
provided for general guidance purposes only, and not as a definitive
source for determining critical habitat boundaries.
(a) Critical habitat is designated for the following DPSs in the
following states and counties:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DPS * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
(14) Lower Columbia River coho salmon.. (i) OR--Clackamas, Clatsop,
Columbia, Hood River, Marion,
and Multnomah.
(ii) WA--Clark, Cowlitz,
Klickitat, Lewis, Pacific,
Skamania, and Wahkiakum.
(15) Puget Sound steelhead............. WA--Clallam, Jefferson, King,
Kitsap, Mason, Pierce, Skagit,
Snohomish, Thurston, and
Whatcom.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
(c) Primary constituent elements. Within these areas, the primary
constituent elements essential for the conservation of these DPSs are
those sites and habitat components that support one or more life
stages, including:
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(9) Fort Lewis (Joint Base Lewis-McChord--Army and Air Force);
* * * * *
(23) Dabob Bay/Whitney Point naval restricted area;
(24) Port Townsend/Indian Island/Walan Point naval restricted area;
and
(25) Naval Base Kitsap.
(f) Land covered by an approved Habitat Conservation Plan. Critical
habitat does not include any areas subject to an approved incidental
take permit issued by NMFS under section 10(a)(1)(B) of the ESA. The
specific sites addressed include those associated with the following
Habitat Conservation Plans:
(1) Washington Department of Natural Resources--West of Cascades
(2) Washington State Forest Practices, except those lands on the
Kitsap Peninsula overlapping with areas occupied by Puget Sound
steelhead and not classified as being in an approved or renewed status
by the Washington Department of Natural Resources as of September 2015.
(3) Green Diamond Company.
(4) West Fork Timber Company.
(5) City of Kent.
(6) J.L. Storedahl and Sons.
* * * * *
(t) Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
Critical habitat is designated to include the areas defined in the
following subbasins:
(1) Middle Columbia-Hood Subbasin 17070105--(i) East Fork Hood
River Watershed 1707010506. Outlet(s) = Hood River (Lat 45.605237, Long
-121.633264); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Bear Creek (45.491952, -
121.648262); Cat Creek (45.470499, -121.555174); Dog River (45.447412,
-121.567406); East Fork Hood River (45.310783, -121.626954); East Fork
Hood River (45.412671, -121.570369); Evans Creek (45.486998, -
121.590438); Graham Creek (45.551655, -121.567021); Griswell Creek
(45.522055, -121.577151); Pinnacle Creek (45.460671, -121.656379);
Pocket Creek (45.302362, -121.597799); Tony Creek (45.540932, -
121.644048); Yellowjacket Creek (45.502652, -121.561138).
(ii) West Fork Hood River Watershed 1707010507. Outlet(s) = West
Fork Hood River (Lat 45.605237, Long -121.633264); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Green Point Creek (45.590219, -121.681893); McGee Creek
(45.443322, -121.774845).
(iii) Hood River Watershed 1707010508. Outlet(s) = Hood River (Lat
45.712335, Long -121.508062); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Lenz Creek
(45.627282, -121.527217); Unnamed (45.695827, -121.499524); Hood River
(45.605237, -121.633264); Neal Creek (45.589032, -121.495443); West
Fork Neal Creek (45.589791, -121.50157); Whiskey Creek (45.682589, -
121.507362).
(iv) White Salmon River Watershed 1707010509. Outlet(s) = White
Salmon River (Lat 45.722453, Long -121.522507); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: White Salmon River (45.767475, -121.538582).
(v) Little White Salmon River Watershed 1707010510. Outlet(s) =
Little White Salmon River (Lat 45.709771, -121.648828); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Little White Salmon River (45.721722, -121.640905).
(vi) Wind River Watershed 1707010511. Outlet(s) = Wind River (Lat
45.708031, Long -121.7937); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Little Wind
River (45.764902, -121.743713); Wind River (45.738012, -121.805768).
(vii) Middle Columbia/Grays Creek Watershed 1707010512. Outlet(s) =
Columbia River (Lat 45.704232, Long -121.799197); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (45.709771, -121.648828); Unnamed (45.71305, -
121.765469); Unnamed (45.717006, -121.775974); Unnamed (45.724676,
[[Page 9278]]
-121.733359); Dog Creek (45.711575, -121.670928); Gorton Creek
(45.691091, -121.773139); Columbia River (45.712335, -121.508062);
Lindsey Creek (45.686538, -121.716427); Perham Creek (45.694389, -
121.636322); Viento Creek (45.697116, -121.668995).
(viii) Middle Columbia/Eagle Creek Watershed 1707010513. Outlet(s)
= Unnamed (Lat 45.644489, Long -121.940679); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: Unnamed (45.665271, -121.8177); Unnamed (45.667271, -121.849896);
Unnamed (45.668788, -121.845446); Unnamed (45.681125, -121.861863);
Unnamed (45.710132, -121.845697); Camp Creek (45.667436, -121.817935);
Carson Creek (45.715784, -121.820829); Columbia River (45.704232, -
121.799197); Eagle Creek (45.636481, -121.918349); East Fork Herman
Creek (45.653835, -121.814038); Herman Creek (45.65053, -121.819282);
Kanaka Creek (45.703936, -121.886202); Nelson Creek (45.70486, -
121.863199); Ruckel Creek (45.646027, -121.920243).
(2) Lower Columbia-Sandy Subbasin 17080001--(i) Salmon River
Watershed 1708000101. Outlet(s) = Salmon River (Lat 45.247288, Long -
121.897384); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (45.294351, -
121.93992); Unnamed (45.327567, -121.964685); Unnamed (45.333577, -
121.954887); Unnamed (45.343325, -121.993355); Bighorn Creek
(45.261413, -121.920687); Boulder Creek (45.344594, -122.022551);
Cheeney Creek (45.298138, -121.966984); Copper Creek (45.250573, -
121.906523); Salmon River (45.250793, -121.903932); South Fork Salmon
River (45.262376, -121.94569); Welches Creek (45.322357, -121.96209);
Little Cheney Creek (45.315925, -121.957706).
(ii) Zigzag River Watershed 1708000102. Outlet(s) = Zigzag River
(Lat 45.348502, Long -121.945268); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(45.264488, -121.835176); Unnamed (45.309925, -121.867436); Little
Zigzag Canyon (45.313577, -121.804646); Camp Creek (45.304981, -
121.813197); Cool Creek (45.292765, -121.884534); Henry Creek
(45.328447, -121.895142); Lady Creek (45.319762, -121.823709); Still
Creek (45.266162, -121.82967); Wind Creek (45.298307, -121.856182);
Zigzag River (45.326883, -121.779753).
(iii) Upper Sandy River Watershed 1708000103. Outlet(s) = Sandy
River (Lat 45.348695, -121.945224); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(45.375211, -121.831255); Unnamed (45.381082, -121.827389); Unnamed
(45.38147, -121.902185); Unnamed (45.394711, -121.794578); Unnamed
(45.399767, -121.901436); Unnamed (45.37727, -121.865508); Unnamed
(45.393118, -121.862562); Unnamed (45.388254, -121.908771); Cast Creek
(45.38071, -121.858383); Clear Creek (45.398769, -121.855261); Clear
Fork (45.402752, -121.848249); Little Clear Creek (45.379681, -
121.914907); Lost Creek (45.372028, -121.818608); Minikahda Creek
(45.36933, -121.94042); Sandy River (45.388349, -121.842458); Short
Creek (45.376861, -121.863405).
(iv) Middle Sandy River Watershed 1708000104. Outlet(s) = Sandy
River (Lat 45.446429, Long -122.248369); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (45.37949, -122.03096); Unnamed (45.386346, -122.036698);
Unnamed (45.371975, -122.039565); Unnamed (45.380525, -122.033513);
Alder Creek (45.376772, -122.100846); Bear Creek (45.336648, -
121.927798); Cedar Creek (45.404272, -122.252578); Hackett Creek
(45.352288, -121.951609); North Boulder Creek (45.384502, -122.014263);
Whisky Creek (45.377566, -122.128088); Wildcat Creek (45.370157, -
122.077485).
(v) Bull Run River Watershed 1708000105. Outlet(s) = Bull Run River
(Lat 45.445672, -122.247943); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Bull Run
River (45.449500, -122.1536); Little Sandy River (45.408124, -
122.066052).
(vi) Washougal River Watershed 1708000106. Outlet(s) = Washougal
River (Lat 45.581011, Long -122.408885); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (45.58717, -122.413316); Unnamed (45.600016, -122.332175);
Unnamed (45.611824, -122.242999); Unnamed (45.612809, -122.324998);
Unnamed (45.620381, -122.345921); Unnamed (45.626874, -122.34346);
Unnamed (45.627736, -122.256085); Unnamed (45.629474, -122.247482);
Unnamed (45.638035, -122.292731); Unnamed (45.647483, -122.367738);
Unnamed (45.648358, -122.334455); Unnamed (45.650547, -122.157413);
Unnamed (45.653255, -122.275218); Unnamed (45.657929, -122.220622);
Unnamed (45.659093, -122.207653); Unnamed (45.6692, -122.156539);
Unnamed (45.670112, -122.34117); Unnamed (45.672008, -122.173594);
Unnamed (45.674178, -122.299555); Unnamed (45.683465, -122.334825);
Unnamed (45.696755, -122.315224); Unnamed (45.700417, -122.32238);
Unnamed (45.708896, -122.266302); Unnamed (45.708947, -122.252235);
Unnamed (45.720695, -122.249333); Unnamed (45.729294, -122.195616);
Cougar Creek (45.651259, -122.268846); Dougan Creek (45.67684, -
122.153333); East Fork Little Washougal River (45.672014, -122.283888);
Jackson Creek (45.675271, -122.254193); Jones Creek (45.689112, -
122.291063); Lacamas Creek (45.597039, -122.394477); Texas Creek
(45.689165, -122.187421); Washougal River (45.67269, -122.153567); West
Fork Washougal River (45.733609, -122.214819); Wildboy Creek (45.671, -
122.218436); Winkler Creek (45.632735, -122.261321); Hagen Creek
(45.706875, -122.25864); Little Washougal River (45.676574, -
122.342287); Little Washougal River (45.653083, -122.347546); Winkler
Creek (45.631081, -122.26165).
(vii) Columbia Gorge Tributaries Watershed 1708000107. Outlet(s) =
Columbia River (Lat 45.573261, Long -122.397377); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (45.548138, -122.351565); Unnamed (45.588566, -
122.294521); Unnamed (45.590912, -122.2823); Unnamed (45.593653, -
122.144297); Unnamed (45.596322, -122.298126); Unnamed (45.602186, -
122.045501); Unnamed (45.603278, -122.117957); Unnamed (45.60427, -
122.114465); Unnamed (45.604686, -122.111908); Unnamed (45.608658, -
122.034755); Unnamed (45.618526, -122.046564); Unnamed (45.627848, -
122.059877); Unnamed (45.644489, -121.940679); Unnamed (45.648055, -
121.973672); Unnamed (45.648286, -121.937896); Unnamed (45.651152, -
121.948423); Unnamed (45.663009, -121.945288); Unnamed (45.668112, -
121.944275); Unnamed (45.705738, -122.030562); Unnamed (45.706583, -
122.030264); Unnamed (45.712761, -122.031391); Bridal Veil Creek
(45.554125, -122.180231); Campen Creek (45.588421, -122.32304); Coopey
Creek (45.56249, -122.165304); Duncan Creek (45.668084, -122.087311);
Gibbons Creek (45.578553, -122.280402); Greenleaf Creek (45.680477, -
121.961898); Hamilton Creek (45.724649, -122.025155); Hardy Creek
(45.637053, -122.006906); Horsetail Creek (45.588381, -122.068121);
Indian Mary Creek (45.626983, -122.08352); Latourell Creek (45.54047, -
122.218884); Lawton Creek (45.57449, -122.251177); Little Creek
(45.644317, -122.037293); McCord Creek (45.611378, -121.994145);
Moffett Creek (45.618491, -121.967182); Multnomah Creek (45.575938, -
122.115489); Oneonta Creek (45.582044, -122.072688); Tanner Creek
(45.629297, -121.954011); Tumalt Creek (45.609963, -122.029615);
Wahkeena Creek (45.573123, -122.126812); Walton Creek
[[Page 9279]]
(45.575513, -122.26303); Woodward Creek (45.632266, -122.044788); Young
Creek (45.546713, -122.198337); Hardy Creek (45.633735, -121.99603).
(viii) Lower Sandy River Watershed 1708000108. Outlet(s) = Sandy
River (Lat 45.574301, Long -122.380188); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (45.553991, -122.377876); Beaver Creek (45.497368, -
122.360034); Big Creek (45.506685, -122.297833); Buck Creek (45.497012,
-122.277464); Cat Creek (45.489237, -122.238503); Gordon Creek
(45.502328, -122.181652); Kelly Creek (45.513162, -122.396503); Middle
Fork Beaver Creek (45.488652, -122.352533); Sandy River (45.446429, -
122.248369); Trout Creek (45.481334, -122.27692).
(ix) Salmon Creek Watershed 1708000109. Outlet(s) = Unnamed (Lat
45.608827, Long -122.628396); Unnamed (45.782133, -122.770935); Unnamed
(45.79137, -122.779096); Lake River (45.842318, -122.780058); Unnamed
(45.583634, -122.493678); Unnamed (45.725544, -122.762187); Unnamed
(45.708956, -122.765945); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(45.597056, -122.48085); Unnamed (45.618497, -122.625455); Unnamed
(45.692522, -122.750865); Unnamed (45.705359, -122.654729); Unnamed
(45.736541, -122.738658); Unnamed (45.740616, -122.457587); Unnamed
(45.741057, -122.541219); Unnamed (45.745405, -122.701278); Unnamed
(45.750243, -122.641509); Unnamed (45.751664, -122.635603); Unnamed
(45.758152, -122.697981); Unnamed (45.759293, -122.753826); Unnamed
(45.760094, -122.420422); Unnamed (45.760678, -122.510984); Unnamed
(45.763086, -122.392563); Unnamed (45.766128, -122.402833); Unnamed
(45.768661, -122.410137); Unnamed (45.768856, -122.458956); Unnamed
(45.771241, -122.481058); Unnamed (45.77272, -122.42969); Unnamed
(45.779683, -122.608053); Unnamed (45.783976, -122.432545); Unnamed
(45.785031, -122.709594); Unnamed (45.788669, -122.739027); Unnamed
(45.796251, -122.438508); Unnamed (45.801421, -122.517285); Unnamed
(45.807105, -122.454757); Unnamed (45.807885, -122.425007); Unnamed
(45.808519, -122.754502); Unnamed (45.813822, -122.449343); Unnamed
(45.817459, -122.771105); Unnamed (45.827212, -122.764666); Burnt
Bridge Creek (45.660818, -122.511162); Cold Canyon (45.663287, -
122.66699); Cougar Canyon Creek (45.707212, -122.682567); Curtin Creek
(45.684387, -122.586094); Flume Creek (45.779893, -122.71596); Lalonde
Creek (45.707849, -122.642314); Little Salmon Creek (45.784979, -
122.421225); Mill Creek (45.77898, -122.566195); Morgan Creek
(45.751434, -122.446616); Mud Creek (45.731816, -122.478143); Packard
Creek (45.757922, -122.699539); Rock Creek (45.815043, -122.456123);
Salmon Creek (45.757766, -122.424507); Weaver Creek (45.793553, -
122.495211); Whipple Creek (45.734817, -122.657695).
(3) Lewis Subbasin 17080002--(i) Upper Lewis River Watershed
1708000201. Outlet(s) = Lewis River (Lat 46.069463, Long -122.006838);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Big Creek (46.094659, -121.913097);
Chickoon Creek (46.148528, -121.878749); Crab Creek (46.141771, -
121.890849); Curly Creek (46.057396, -121.970510); Cussed Hollow
(46.148088, -121.904757); Lewis River (46.154732, -121.880642); Little
Creek (46.071497, -121.911930); Pepper Creek (46.076039, -121.986316);
Rush Creek (46.050925, -121.905817); Spencer Creek (46.143417, -
121.910603).
(ii) Muddy River Watershed 1708000202. Outlet(s) = Muddy River (Lat
46.069463, Long -122.006838); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Clear Creek
(46.210439, -121.951602); Clearwater Creek (46.208811, -122.016938);
Muddy River (46.180853, -122.070616); Smith Creek (46.229009, -
122.091210).
(iii) Swift Reservoir Watershed 1708000203. Outlet(s) = Lewis River
(46.061988, -122.192687); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(46.067280, -122.031517); Unnamed (46.030884, -122.025805); Unnamed
(46.021441, -122.094836); Unnamed (46.076975, -122.134548); Unnamed
(46.096016, -122.067449); Drift Creek (45.992711, -122.064320); Lewis
River (46.069463, -122.006838); Marble Creek (46.075248, -122.138077);
Pine Creek (46.123411, -122.079154); Range Creek (46.028641, -
122.121759); Swift Creek (46.090717, -122.205248).
(iv) Yale Reservoir Watershed 1708000204. Outlet(s) = Lewis River
(Lat 45.966180, Long -122.334825); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Dog
Creek (46.061456, -122.317143); Cougar Creek (46.071149, -122.269881);
Lewis River (46.061988, -122.192687); Ole Creek (46.049968, -
122.239259); Panamaker Creek (46.076309, -122.298414); Rain Creek
(46.041972, -122.204391).
(v) East Fork Lewis River Watershed 1708000205. Outlet(s) = Gee
Creek (Lat 45.846474, Long -122.784009); East Fork Lewis River
(45.865974, -122.720015); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(45.780025, -122.60805); Unnamed (45.794783, -122.698153); Unnamed
(45.801134, -122.682844); Unnamed (45.804692, -122.580745); Unnamed
(45.807413, -122.629756); Unnamed (45.814729, -122.56657); Unnamed
(45.816914, -122.575875); Unnamed (45.822904, -122.708092); Unnamed
(45.823983, -122.639331); Unnamed (45.828994, -122.605197); Unnamed
(45.835126, -122.485374); Unnamed (45.836667, -122.650975); Unnamed
(45.837829, -122.469846); Unnamed (45.846989, -122.749763); Unnamed
(45.847364, -122.649785); Unnamed (45.848031, -122.441525); Unnamed
(45.849976, -122.524001); Unnamed (45.853522, -122.598543); Unnamed
(45.855146, -122.593372); Unnamed (45.859839, -122.612419); Unnamed
(45.861417, -122.70149); Unnamed (45.866041, -122.5784); Unnamed
(45.866516, -122.575586); Unnamed (45.867718, -122.647281); Unnamed
(45.869512, -122.678967); Unnamed (45.872474, -122.647396); Unnamed
(45.875583, -122.487609); Unnamed (45.881115, -122.478516); Unnamed
(45.905677, -122.519797); Allen Creek (45.827926, -122.698134); Basket
Creek (45.832585, -122.459163); Brezee Creek (45.880461, -122.655871);
East Fork Lewis River (45.839345, -122.447538); Gee Creek (45.791622, -
122.674464); Jenny Creek (45.870366, -122.700692); Lockwood Creek
(45.8722, -122.612928); Mason Creek (45.865932, -122.544237); McCormick
Creek (45.851953, -122.691964); Riley Creek (45.872133, -122.62657);
Unnamed Creek (45.843693, -122.648975).
(vi) Lower Lewis River Watershed 1708000206. Outlet(s) = Lewis
River (Lat 45.855546, Long -122.775762); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (45.870633, -122.756138); Unnamed (45.88666, -122.723102);
Unnamed (45.892632, -122.422093); Unnamed (45.893766, -122.438283);
Unnamed (45.901311, -122.727541); Unnamed (45.919994, -122.535139);
Unnamed (45.920149, -122.456867); Unnamed (45.920747, -122.693543);
Unnamed (45.923838, -122.424899); Unnamed (45.924295, -122.37431);
Unnamed (45.928026, -122.689314); Unnamed (45.929363, -122.504918);
Unnamed (45.939172, -122.41088); Unnamed (45.941429, -122.704591);
Unnamed (45.942762, -122.671288); Unnamed (45.943605, -122.620229);
Unnamed (45.944513, -122.644954); Unnamed (45.947599, -122.643073);
Bitter Creek (45.913105, -122.460482); Brush Creek (45.927783, -
122.468661); Cedar Creek (45.906562, -122.381815); Chelatchie Creek
(45.935564, -122.379567); Colvin Creek (45.939847, -122.609332);
Houghton Creek (45.951179, -122.634346); John Creek
[[Page 9280]]
(45.943278, -122.477146); Johnson Creek (45.953443, -122.61949); Lewis
River (45.966180, -122.334825); North Fork Chelatchie Creek (45.945494,
-122.393811); Pup Creek (45.948425, -122.525655); Robinson Creek
(45.936812, -122.725723); Ross Creek (45.94883, -122.703391); Staples
Creek (45.942126, -122.667681).
(4) Lower Columbia-Clatskanie Subbasin 17080003--(i) Kalama River
Watershed 1708000301. Outlet(s) = Burris Creek (Lat 45.892513, Long -
122.790279); Bybee Creek (45.966376, -122.816532); Kalama River
(46.03393, -122.870595); Mill Creek (45.95816, -122.803634);
Schoolhouse Creek (45.978378, -122.829247); Unnamed (45.999928, -
122.848159); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (45.903312, -
122.780386); Unnamed (45.934119, -122.781977); Unnamed (45.977147, -
122.825526); Unnamed (45.993614, -122.813527); Unnamed (46.043843, -
122.856105); Burke Creek (45.94516, -122.775084); Burke Slough
(45.924545, -122.797017); Burris Creek (45.932376, -122.743342); Bybee
Creek (45.969366, -122.814717); Cedar Creek (46.03313, -122.812264);
Hatchery Creek (46.049047, -122.801448); Indian Creek (46.049668, -
122.752333); Indian Creek (46.0452, -122.752907); Kalama River
(46.025868, -122.739474); Mill Creek (45.961948, -122.795944);
Schoolhouse Creek (45.981238, -122.825927); Spencer Creek (46.025203, -
122.829696).
(ii) Beaver Creek/Columbia River Watershed 1708000302. Outlet(s) =
Beaver Slough (Lat 46.121253, Long -123.22089); Fox Creek (46.092512, -
122.938467); Goble Creek (46.020615, -122.876532); Green Creek
(46.166661, -123.099119); Tide Creek (45.994307, -122.866712); upstream
to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (45.914995, -122.870367); Unnamed
(45.985132, -122.928842); Unnamed (46.0165, -122.963794); Unnamed
(46.019529, -122.944997); Unnamed (45.919698, -122.809782); Beaver
Creek (46.104384, -123.124089); Fox Creek (46.069709, -122.937725);
Goble Creek (46.006921, -122.989536); Green Creek (46.143721, -
123.074477); McBride Creek (45.889718, -122.827703); Merrill Creek
(45.908708, -122.887674); North Fork Stewart Creek (46.134963, -
123.142788); South Fork Goble Creek (45.967146, -122.912205); Stewart
Creek (46.121924, -123.134473); Tide Creek (45.998871, -123.005909).
(iii) Clatskanie River Watershed 1708000303. Outlet(s) = Beaver
Slough (Lat 46.139926, Long -123.230807); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (45.871279, -123.016852); Unnamed (46.057, -123.256303);
Unnamed (46.095794, -123.22606); Beaver Slough (46.121253, -123.22089);
Carcus Creek (45.988589, -123.087952); Clatskanie River (45.878919, -
122.9959); Conyers Creek (46.056042, -123.241614); Dribble Creek
(45.902229, -123.009241); Fall Creek (46.10887, -123.212892); Keystone
Creek (46.075658, -123.145555); Little Clatskanie River (45.914012, -
122.995923); Merril Creek (46.081981, -123.187026); Miller Creek
(46.043933, -123.146664); North Fork Clatskanie River (46.028796, -
123.052308); Page Creek (46.04337, -123.126689); Perkins Creek
(46.045692, -123.202675).
(iv) Germany/Abernathy Watershed 1708000304. Outlet(s) = Abernathy
Creek (46.190946, -123.16764); Coal Creek Slough (46.189618, -
123.116548); Germany Creek (46.190472, -123.124221); Mill Creek (Lat
46.188644, Long -123.175717); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(46.174387, -123.284405); Unnamed (46.177806, -123.244713); Unnamed
(46.179048, -123.28534); Unnamed (46.179783, -123.014957); Unnamed
(46.199235, -123.017367); Unnamed (46.209772, -123.250435); Unnamed
(46.210569, -123.02174); Unnamed (46.2212, -123.233862); Unnamed
(46.230005, -123.243579); Unnamed (46.23735, -123.217724); Unnamed
(46.257704, -123.211771); Unnamed (46.260394, -123.156937); Unnamed
(46.282123, -123.215419); Unnamed (46.28956, -123.229955); Unnamed
(46.302937, -123.18012); Unnamed (46.30502, -123.175317); Unnamed
(46.313744, -123.186815); Unnamed (46.315329, -123.111068); Unnamed
(46.318441, -123.123571); Unnamed (46.329631, -123.132487); Abernathy
Creek (46.298183, -123.20799); Cameron Creek (46.266183, -123.196747);
Coal Creek (46.214039, -123.020114); Erick Creek (46.283486, -
123.165659); Germany Creek (46.323938, -123.150029); Harmony Creek
(46.191588, -123.045625); Hunter Creek (46.200371, -123.277768); Midway
Creek (46.280132, -123.179387); North Fork Mill Creek (46.237142, -
123.227829); Ordway Creek (46.312588, -123.1944); Slide Creek
(46.251167, -123.180153); South Fork Mill Creek (46.184454, -
123.282779); Spruce Creek (46.19379, -123.270758); Wiest Creek
(46.27626, -123.159368).
(v) Skamokawa/Elochoman Watershed 1708000305. Outlet(s) = Birnie
Creek (Lat 46.200249, Long -123.388149); Elochoman River (46.22667, -
123.400822); Jim Crow Creek (46.266028, -123.552297); Skamokawa Creek
(46.268566, -123.45637); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(46.225162, -123.303945); Unnamed (46.242407, -123.369715); Unnamed
(46.264248, -123.311602); Unnamed (46.268968, -123.328113); Unnamed
(46.27795, -123.384622); Unnamed (46.281109, -123.369818); Unnamed
(46.294907, -123.320218); Unnamed (46.299508, -123.553063); Unnamed
(46.30403, -123.499255); Unnamed (46.30564, -123.54826); Unnamed
(46.320411, -123.244937); Unnamed (46.320842, -123.35815); Unnamed
(46.325433, -123.281587); Unnamed (46.328108, -123.296011); Unnamed
(46.33764, -123.44219); Unnamed (46.337892, -123.462614); Unnamed
(46.34415, -123.256674); Unnamed (46.347782, -123.392349); Unnamed
(46.349787, -123.211987); Unnamed (46.351596, -123.313042); Unnamed
(46.35173, -123.19359); Unnamed (46.360802, -123.261039); Unnamed
(46.364365, -123.276383); Unnamed (46.368463, -123.242642); Unnamed
(46.377205, -123.262108); Unnamed (46.382024, -123.242299); Unnamed
(46.386679, -123.223722); Unnamed (46.303663, -123.365059); Unnamed
(46.311328, -123.478976); Unnamed (46.306534, -123.546046); Beaver
Creek (46.216566, -123.297152); Bell Canyon Creek (46.288173, -
123.405772); Birnie Creek (46.204016, -123.384532); Cadman Creek
(46.302299, -123.508597); Clear Creek (46.260761, -123.300874); Duck
Creek (46.265653, -123.337856); East Fork Elochoman River (46.378345, -
123.193512); Falk Creek (46.321532, -123.381397); Fink Creek
(46.276734, -123.570228); Jim Crow Creek (46.312074, -123.539923);
Kelly Creek (46.32257, -123.48111); Left Fork Skamokawa Creek
(46.339453, -123.470344); Longtain Creek (46.25861, -123.369188);
McDonald Creek (46.346651, -123.382328); Nelson Creek (46.257717, -
123.35252); North Fork Elochoman River (46.375393, -123.284959); Otter
Creek (46.388034, -123.217495); Pollard Creek (46.307613, -123.412558);
Quarry Creek (46.337806, -123.42712); Risk Creek (46.25136, -
123.399855); Rock Creek (46.277795, -123.275871); Standard Creek
(46.333628, -123.357041); West Fork Elochoman River (46.351711, -
123.329823); West Fork Skamokawa Creek (46.327805, -123.498954); West
Valley Creek (46.291358, -123.51591); Wilson Creek (46.31583, -
123.328008); Unnamed Creek (46.306534, -123.546046); Unnamed Creek
(46.311328, -123.478976); Unnamed Creek
[[Page 9281]]
(46.386679, -123.223722); Unnamed Creek (46.303663, -123.365059).
(vi) Plympton Creek Watershed 1708000306. Outlet(s) = Hunt Creek
(Lat 46.202277, Long -123.445724); Westport Slough (46.143868, -
123.383472); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Eilertsen Creek (46.099706, -
123.328684); Graham Creek (46.09157, -123.277339); Hunt Creek
(46.120882, -123.428478); Ok Creek (46.099703, -123.321777); Olsen
Creek (46.101357, -123.360299); Plympton Creek (46.127423, -
123.391111); Ross Creek (46.108505, -123.368667); Tandy Creek
(46.102255, -123.293854); West Creek (46.121298, -123.373425); Westport
Slough (46.124151, -123.245135).
(5) Upper Cowlitz Subbasin 17080004--(i) Headwaters Cowlitz River
Watershed 1708000401. Outlet(s) = Cowlitz River (Lat 46.657731, Long -
121.604374); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.675388, -
121.580086); Clear Fork Cowlitz River (46.684326, -121.568004); Muddy
Fork Cowlitz River (46.696095, -121.617841); Ohanapecosh River
(46.68812, -121.582120); Purcell Creek (46.671171, -121.587667).
(ii) Upper Cowlitz River Watershed 1708000402. Outlet(s) = Cowlitz
River (46.576161, -121.706256); Johnson Creek (Lat 46.575836, Long -
121.705564); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.62375, -
121.671832); Unnamed (46.641142, -121.654691); Unnamed (46.654671, -
121.631508); Unnamed (46.692847, -121.803752); Butter Creek (46.646075,
-121.675424); Coal Creek (46.643541, -121.611604); Cowlitz River
(46.657731, -121.604374); Hall Creek (46.60701, -121.662269); Hinkle
Tinkle Creek (46.651852, -121.63912); Johnson Creek (46.555366, -
121.639734); Lake Creek (46.623804, -121.61673); Skate Creek
(46.684892, -121.806283).
(iii) Cowlitz Valley Frontal Watershed 1708000403. Outlet(s) =
Cowlitz River (Lat 46.476278, Long -122.096306); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.489922, -122.083268); Unnamed (46.518735, -
121.858756); Burton Creek (46.541954, -121.750428); Cowlitz River
(46.576161, -121.706256); Cunningham Creek (46.512691, -121.844636);
Davis Creek (46.527807, -121.827406); Dry Creek (46.560084, -
121.705732); Garrett Creek (46.523043, -121.773614); Hampton Creek
(46.537971, -121.939923); Hopkin Creek (46.53512, -121.841854); Johnson
Creek (Lat 46.575836, Long -121.705564); Kilborn Creek (46.507622, -
121.801739); Kiona Creek (46.564304, -122.049702); Miller Creek
(46.539348, -121.960377); Oliver Creek (46.543328, -121.993492); Peters
Creek (46.538087, -121.983762); Schooley Creek (46.500722, -
121.964414); Sethe Creek (46.534578, -121.867518); Siler Creek
(46.492992, -121.911187); Silver Creek (46.55632, -121.91673); Smith
Creek (46.561932, -121.693911); Surrey Creek (46.543475, -121.888707);
Willame Creek (46.580526, -121.733077).
(iv) Upper Cispus River Watershed 1708000404. Outlet(s) = Cispus
River (Lat 46.443752, Long -121.798269); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Cispus River (46.344891, -121.68424); East Canyon Creek (46.347337, -
121.703867); North Fork Cispus River (46.435538, -121.657768); Twin
Creek (46.374273, -121.729578).
(v) Lower Cispus River Watershed 1708000405. Outlet(s) = Cispus
River (Lat 46.476761, Long -122.095709); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (46.430554, -121.825682); Unnamed (46.455387, -121.954511);
Unnamed (46.465418, -121.958732); Unnamed (46.452951, -122.046625);
Ames Creek (46.466423, -121.918257); Camp Creek (46.449033, -
121.832281); Cispus River (Lat 46.443752, Long -121.798269); Copper
Canyon Creek (46.467296, -122.082101); Covell Creek (46.431961, -
121.851825); Crystal Creek (46.445224, -122.024601); Dry Creek
(46.452466, -121.852225); Greenhorn Creek (46.421576, -121.905397);
Iron Creek (46.38938, -121.971317); McCoy Creek (46.389343, -
121.822002); Quartz Creek (46.42561, -122.053071); Woods Creek
(46.475527, -121.949635); Yellowjacket Creek (46.386924, -121.834674).
(6) Cowlitz Subbasin 17080005--(i) Tilton River Watershed
1708000501. Outlet(s) = Tilton River (Lat 46.543356, Long -122.533164);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.588777, -122.17989); Unnamed
(46.608368, -122.314024); Unnamed (46.595355, -122.27852); Coal Creek
(46.573383, -122.243464); Connelly Creek (46.603783, -122.316111); Coon
Creek (46.615117, -122.275972); Eagle Creek (46.653164, -122.259058);
East Fork Tilton River (46.594049, -122.170519); Jesse Creek
(46.644485, -122.414873); Johnson Creek (46.531381, -122.237744);
Little Creek (46.666231, -122.404381); Minnie Creek (46.539791, -
122.234089); Nineteen Creek (46.599433, -122.22251); Otter Creek
(46.620348, -122.409391); Rockies Creek (46.642452, -122.399153); Snow
Creek (46.620326, -122.266924); South Fork Tilton Creek (46.564501, -
122.161837); Tilton River (46.624549, -122.215133); Trout Creek
(46.65834, -122.25936); Wallanding Creek (46.621001, -122.372088); West
Fork Tilton River (46.658406, -122.308887); Winnie Creek (46.654766, -
122.420066).
(ii) Riffe Reservoir Watershed 1708000502. Outlet(s) = Cowlitz
River (Lat 46.5031, Long -122.588332); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Cowlitz River (46.476278, -122.096306); Winston Creek (46.459003, -
122.370859).
(iii) Jackson Prairie Watershed 1708000503. Outlet(s) = Cowlitz
River (Lat 46.367511, Long -122.934945); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (46.383522, -122.679974); Unnamed (46.383941, -122.725937);
Unnamed (46.385081, -122.705907); Unnamed (46.387856, -122.695831);
Unnamed (46.39224, -122.75946); Unnamed (46.399666, -122.898638);
Unnamed (46.400754, -122.733303); Unnamed (46.409488, -122.589866);
Unnamed (46.410097, -122.680278); Unnamed (46.410422, -122.708726);
Unnamed (46.411433, -122.756574); Unnamed (46.413363, -122.783988);
Unnamed (46.417067, -122.637699); Unnamed (46.424466, -122.818117);
Unnamed (46.427206, -122.613403); Unnamed (46.428381, -122.643499);
Unnamed (46.429253, -122.83625); Unnamed (46.431112, -122.808741);
Unnamed (46.440469, -122.519079); Unnamed (46.445258, -122.867273);
Unnamed (46.449715, -122.529087); Unnamed (46.450991, -122.871663);
Unnamed (46.472774, -122.686245); Unnamed (46.488493, -122.807753);
Unnamed (46.517532, -122.654378); Unnamed (46.5309, -122.820885);
Unnamed (46.533357, -122.758003); Unnamed (46.542935, -122.748007);
Unnamed (46.464970, -122.610288); Unnamed (46.448115, -122.654992);
Unnamed (46.442894, -122.667057); Unnamed (46.442944, -122.700366);
Unnamed (46.465822, -122.580513); Unnamed (46.449279, -122.605026);
Bear Creek (46.463967, -122.913037); Blue Creek (46.488339, -
122.726491); Brights Creek (46.496407, -122.605179); Cedar Creek
(46.482264, -122.580944); Coon Creek (46.445182, -122.895851); Cougar
Creek (46.393389, -122.795962); Cowlitz River (46.5031, -122.588332);
Foster Creek (46.40711, -122.890926); Hopkey Creek (46.459049, -
122.554437); Jones Creek (46.518881, -122.675281); Lacamas Creek
(46.556204, -122.688969); Little Salmon Creek (46.439872, -122.747395);
Mill Creek (46.517371, -122.622126); Mill Creek (46.502438, -
122.803167); North Fork Cedar Creek (46.462224, -122.673900); Otter
Creek (46.479854, -122.700841); Pin Creek (46.411782, -122.832479);
Rapid Creek (46.432098, -122.547553); Skook Creek
[[Page 9282]]
(46.474731, -122.757751); Unnamed Creek (46.515124, -122.681226).
(iv) North Fork Toutle River Watershed 1708000504. Outlet(s) =
North Fork Toutle River (Lat 46.371819, Long -122.585848); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.292893, -122.508359); Unnamed (46.294391, -
122.526416); Unnamed (46.317597, -122.321791); Unnamed (46.321385, -
122.488684); Unnamed (46.331761, -122.316562); Bear Creek (46.309744, -
122.430749); Hoffstadt Creek (46.319718, -122.325454).
(v) Green River Watershed 1708000505. Outlet(s) = North Fork Toutle
River (Lat 46.366681, Long -122.587092); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (46.332935, -122.298073); Unnamed (46.33485, -122.279213);
Unnamed (46.355641, -122.205783); Unnamed (46.359811, -122.326801);
Unnamed (46.373265, -122.389499); Unnamed (46.38427, -122.434721);
Unnamed (46.387374, -122.488301); Unnamed (46.402102, -122.555537);
Unnamed (46.40583, -122.542922); Unnamed (46.408718, -122.507384);
Unnamed (46.410468, -122.431267); Unnamed (46.412392, -122.451557);
Unnamed (46.416538, -122.283286); Unnamed (46.42, -122.292272); Unnamed
(46.422599, -122.304017); Unnamed (46.428205, -122.267496); Beaver
Creek (46.405735, -122.568826); Cascade Creek (46.417916, -122.331675);
Devils Creek (46.401481, -122.409722); Elk Creek (46.41719, -
122.250256); Green River (46.394118, -122.205161); Jim Creek
(46.388361, -122.526853); Miners Creek (46.349143, -122.194242); Shultz
Creek (46.344058, -122.275039); Tradedollar Creek (46.376142, -
122.23987).
(vi) South Fork Toutle River Watershed 1708000506. Outlet(s) =
Toutle River (Lat 46.329223, Long -122.725131); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: Unnamed (46.185704, -122.299471); Unnamed (46.186193, -122.40715);
Unnamed (46.188524, -122.445753); Unnamed (46.199665, -122.471338);
Unnamed (46.201636, -122.296552); Unnamed (46.206594, -122.331284);
Unnamed (46.21036, -122.431482); Unnamed (46.21081, -122.427763);
Unnamed (46.210915, -122.428229); Unnamed (46.211429, -122.279573);
Unnamed (46.215533, -122.347972); Unnamed (46.223287, -122.327701);
Unnamed (46.223773, -122.524201); Unnamed (46.226916, -122.337898);
Unnamed (46.227233, -122.373391); Unnamed (46.238958, -122.490827);
Unnamed (46.243346, -122.38038); Unnamed (46.245202, -122.629903);
Unnamed (46.258398, -122.534433); Unnamed (46.260587, -122.550523);
Unnamed (46.261618, -122.571707); Unnamed (46.268347, -122.577391);
Unnamed (46.287125, -122.685581); Unnamed (46.292576, -122.659948);
Unnamed (46.295532, -122.596926); Unnamed (46.296678, -122.585207);
Unnamed (46.297388, -122.614534); Unnamed (46.310391, -122.606122);
Unnamed (46.311754, -122.626346); Unnamed (46.312178, -122.704274);
Unnamed (46.321553, -122.649148); Bear Creek (46.187484, -122.431406);
Big Wolf Creek (46.225469, -122.567295); Brownell Creek (46.280407, -
122.649708); Disappointment Creek (46.213614, -122.309153); Eighteen
Creek (46.244881, -122.600184); Harrington Creek (46.247692, -
122.419362); Johnson Creek (46.306181, -122.579585); Sheep Canyon
(46.206343, -122.268258); South Fork Toutle River (46.209387, -
122.263037); Studebaker Creek (46.28238, -122.681733); Thirteen Creek
(46.237634, -122.624229); Trouble Creek (46.182362, -122.387761);
Twenty Creek (46.232994, -122.5836); North Fork Toutle River
(46.328728, -122.722386); Whitten Creek (46.203701, -122.502013).
(vii) East Willapa Watershed 1708000507. Outlet(s) = Cowlitz River
(46.265795, -122.915793); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(46.241179, -122.990022); Unnamed (46.247733, -123.018044); Unnamed
(46.247998, -122.777916); Unnamed (46.260464, -122.956364); Unnamed
(46.263008, -123.020122); Unnamed (46.263983, -122.930316); Unnamed
(46.266093, -122.981616); Unnamed (46.27194, -122.770063); Unnamed
(46.281159, -122.760238); Unnamed (46.287658, -122.906283); Unnamed
(46.289048, -122.963514); Unnamed (46.302765, -123.0657); Unnamed
(46.307415, -122.93938); Unnamed (46.313054, -122.816361); Unnamed
(46.314382, -122.943084); Unnamed (46.314535, -123.010247); Unnamed
(46.315942, -122.865345); Unnamed (46.317235, -122.896545); Unnamed
(46.319898, -122.814207); Unnamed (46.320644, -122.892218); Unnamed
(46.322067, -122.814053); Unnamed (46.32332, -122.859461); Unnamed
(46.323446, -122.886965); Unnamed (46.326968, -123.025803); Unnamed
(46.328758, -122.817082); Unnamed (46.329235, -122.909613); Unnamed
(46.334118, -122.817188); Unnamed (46.334241, -123.017807); Unnamed
(46.336993, -122.893299); Unnamed (46.337756, -122.611236); Unnamed
(46.337802, -122.940117); Unnamed (46.339026, -122.940678); Unnamed
(46.343885, -122.762274); Unnamed (46.34681, -122.946071); Unnamed
(46.348905, -122.769029); Unnamed (46.349667, -123.053432); Unnamed
(46.350564, -122.799855); Unnamed (46.358221, -123.038147); Unnamed
(46.358277, -122.791338); Unnamed (46.3604, -122.696281); Unnamed
(46.360599, -122.736153); Unnamed (46.36403, -123.005163); Unnamed
(46.36632, -122.634646); Unnamed (46.366869, -122.89658); Unnamed
(46.368123, -122.894117); Unnamed (46.374172, -122.622494); Unnamed
(46.375592, -123.099965); Unnamed (46.380427, -122.610242); Unnamed
(46.38163, -122.883768); Unnamed (46.38939, -123.065756); Unnamed
(46.394019, -122.98067); Unnamed (46.401297, -123.028366); Unnamed
(46.41997, -123.040973); Unnamed (46.428911, -123.047482); Unnamed
(46.43562, -123.045801); Unnamed (46.437797, -122.999776); Unnamed
(46.460336, -123.01792); Unnamed (46.472152, -122.999706); Unnamed
(46.508924, -122.885928); Unnamed (46.522845, -122.854611); Unnamed
(46.534744, -122.980706); Unnamed (46.537092, -122.823206); Unnamed
(46.543646, -122.855197); Arkansas Creek (46.334118, -123.054814);
Baxter Creek (46.335963, -122.985106); Becker Creek (46.366541, -
123.077711); Brim Creek (46.444408, -123.040408); Campbell Creek
(46.345799, -123.069223); Cline Creek (46.339582, -122.856216); Cowlitz
River (46.367511, -122.934945); Cowlitz River (46.280749, -122.908759);
Cowlitz River (46.270301, -122.918872); Curtis Creek (46.479675, -
122.978296); Delameter Creek (46.27323, -123.020718); Duffy Creek
(46.436886, -122.972934); Ferrier Creek (46.469037, -122.92969);
Hemlock Creek (46.258298, -122.728132); Hill Creek (46.385982, -
122.887561); King Creek (46.528608, -123.017282); Monahan Creek
(46.304091, -123.062738); North Fork Brim Creek (46.461931, -
123.022977); North Fork Toutle River (46.366681, -122.587092); Olequa
Creek (46.522827, -122.88994); Owens Creek (46.39917, -123.045965);
Rock Creek (46.347737, -122.815672); Rock Creek (46.36466, -
122.979025); Snow Creek (46.448627, -122.9822); Stankey Creek
(46.325726, -122.827854); Stillwater Creek (46.376492, -123.114458);
Sucker Creek (46.257038, -122.763973); Toutle River (46.329223, -
122.725131); Tucker Creek (46.256345, -123.017401); Whittle Creek
(46.313257, -122.951576); Unnamed Creek (46.365968, -123.078372);
Unnamed Creek (46.366574, -122.6278); Unnamed
[[Page 9283]]
Creek (46.322752, -122.727564); Unnamed Creek (46.358525, -122.749069);
Wyant Creek (46.348562, -122.655808).
(viii) Coweeman Watershed 1708000508. Outlet(s) = Cowlitz River
(Lat 46.09677, Long -122.917179); Owl Creek (46.076672, -122.869072);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.07177, -122.861942); Unnamed
(46.080968, -122.726324); Unnamed (46.082482, -122.722033); Unnamed
(46.08384, -122.719656); Unnamed (46.103901, -122.735682); Unnamed
(46.11823, -122.725869); Unnamed (46.128746, -122.897993); Unnamed
(46.133211, -122.702488); Unnamed (46.134412, -122.877742); Unnamed
(46.134559, -122.874501); Unnamed (46.137294, -122.570127); Unnamed
(46.140549, -122.616015); Unnamed (46.142157, -122.858404); Unnamed
(46.142862, -122.813885); Unnamed (46.143869, -122.609969); Unnamed
(46.147673, -122.866141); Unnamed (46.151541, -122.875978); Unnamed
(46.157716, -122.6488); Unnamed (46.162608, -122.527406); Unnamed
(46.164373, -122.573871); Unnamed (46.16697, -122.62965); Unnamed
(46.169603, -122.912787); Unnamed (46.173346, -122.82947); Unnamed
(46.174933, -122.844098); Unnamed (46.175151, -122.934081); Unnamed
(46.175276, -122.532665); Unnamed (46.175583, -122.668586); Unnamed
(46.180534, -122.898644); Unnamed (46.181396, -122.766774); Unnamed
(46.183838, -122.820311); Unnamed (46.188804, -122.78364); Unnamed
(46.193597, -122.911471); Unnamed (46.196887, -122.713022); Unnamed
(46.20058, -122.827779); Unnamed (46.201892, -122.695345); Unnamed
(46.202726, -122.560647); Unnamed (46.213243, -122.666442); Unnamed
(46.217243, -122.951394); Unnamed (46.219673, -122.838549); Unnamed
(46.220679, -122.889953); Unnamed (46.223168, -122.968869); Unnamed
(46.226103, -122.771549); Unnamed (46.226208, -122.803239); Unnamed
(46.237678, -122.887353); Unnamed (46.242901, -122.885918); Baird Creek
(46.194037, -122.549476); Brown Creek (46.138569, -122.581603); Butler
Creek (46.148896, -122.518149); Coweeman River (46.150297, -122.51847);
Cowlitz River (46.265795, -122.915793); Goble Creek (46.109525, -
122.68388); Hill Creek (46.178271, -122.600223); Jim Watson Creek
(46.177642, -122.74165); Leckler Creek (46.231526, -122.948175); Little
Baird Creek (46.190281, -122.572141); Mulholland Creek (46.201136, -
122.646167); Nineteen Creek (46.140604, -122.623774); North Fork Goble
Creek (46.136853, -122.680068); Nye Creek (46.121737, -122.805205);
Ostrander Creek (46.210956, -122.764306); Owl Creek (46.091102, -
122.865692); Owl Creek (46.076526, -122.861672); Salmon Creek
(46.254572, -122.885114); Sam Smith Creek (46.165941, -122.725633);
Sandy Bend Creek (46.231734, -122.915112); Skipper Creek (46.169104, -
122.577264); South Fork Ostrander Creek (46.184505, -122.826132);
Turner Creek (46.116534, -122.816196).
(7) Lower Columbia Subbasin 17080006--(i) Youngs River Watershed
1708000601. Outlet(s) = Lewis and Clark River (Lat 46.157276, Long -
123.8567); Adair Slough (46.164573, -123.890158); Youngs River
(46.168659, -123.838128); Skipanon Waterway (46.183693, -123.907231);
Alder Creek (46.183694, -123.923138); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Unnamed (45.961144, -123.760693); Unnamed (45.975677, -123.784472);
Unnamed (45.987168, -123.864135); Unnamed (46.075646, -123.74625);
Unnamed (46.074307, -123.722161); Unnamed (46.081494, -123.687949);
Unnamed (46.098839, -123.782036); Unnamed (46.101257, -123.777885);
Unnamed (46.101582, -123.791448); Unnamed (46.104561, -123.790689);
Unnamed (46.105278, -123.778981); Unnamed (46.115179, -123.862193);
Unnamed (46.11823, -123.798015); Unnamed (46.125146, -123.900778);
Unnamed (46.133731, -123.821982); Unnamed (46.155148, -123.772037);
Unnamed (46.163155, -123.798112); Unnamed (45.956438, -123.752083);
Unnamed (45.992690, -123.779916); Unnamed (46.079767, -123.848993);
Unnamed (46.081156, -123.752043); Unnamed (46.098781, -123.713321);
Unnamed (46.11386, -123.748487); Abercrombie Creek (46.087084, -
123.88937); Adair Slough (46.153356, -123.897783); Alder Creek
(46.171207, -123.933132); Barrett Slough (46.12204, -123.85348); Binder
Creek (46.142527, -123.821985); Binder Slough (46.121358, -123.819543);
Brown Creek (46.172014, -123.806343); Casey Slough (46.115066, -
123.815982); Cullaby Slough (46.022576, -123.880488); Green Slough
(46.124806, -123.869053); Heckard Creek (46.057636, -123.87837);
Hortill Creek (46.056683, -123.839636); Jeffers Slough (46.14965, -
123.85163); Johnson Slough (46.071237, -123.882259); Klickitat Creek
(46.049861, -123.842997); Lewis and Clark River (45.953527, -
123.731398); Little Wallooskee River (46.140199, -123.737638); Loowit
Creek (46.022396, -123.832364); Middle Fork North Fork Klaskanine River
(46.061237, -123.638614); Moosmoos Creek (46.074807, -123.777539);
North Fork Klaskanine River (46.048838, -123.636273); North Fork North
Fork Klaskanine River (46.097739, -123.674883); Peterson Slough
(46.10793, -123.85242); Shweeash Creek (46.019839, -123.839507); South
Fork Klaskanine River (46.048461, -123.713622); South Fork Lewis and
Clark River (45.981399, -123.841473); Speelyai Creek (46.032437, -
123.83321); Stowebolt Creek (46.060439, -123.825132); Tucker Creek
(46.075512, -123.824939); Wallooskee River (46.104416, -123.699695);
Youngs River (46.06718, -123.789692).
(ii) Big Creek Watershed 1708000602. Outlet(s) = Hillcrest Creek
(Lat 46.171377, Long -123.655493); Bear Creek (46.1716, -123.665605);
Marys Creek (46.173116, -123.668452); Fertile Valley Creek (46.188744,
-123.588332); Blind Slough (46.20114, -123.584906); Big Creek
(46.184561, -123.596303); John Day River (46.181573, -123.7404); Little
Ferris Creek (46.158288, -123.629531); Mill Creek (46.19298, -
123.759637); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.067847, -
123.49896); Unnamed (46.155656, -123.731589); Unnamed (46.176667, -
123.477624); Unnamed (46.180584, -123.796858); Unnamed (46.199516, -
123.501455); Unnamed (46.211835, -123.534242); Unnamed (46.213817, -
123.557667); Unnamed (46.219749, -123.496059); Unnamed (46.183645, -
123.484347); Bear Creek (46.122269, -123.636516); Big Creek (46.068744,
-123.477937); Big Noise Creek (46.160378, -123.50188); Blind Slough
(46.230154, -123.5256); Coon Creek (46.072977, -123.551698); Davis
Creek (46.193487, -123.48968); Elk Creek (46.057446, -123.531954);
Fertile Valley Creek (46.180229, -123.574191); McNary Creek (46.131584,
-123.45871); Grizzly Slough (46.209179, -123.551962); Hillcrest Creek
(46.155615, -123.633555); John Day River (46.151824, -123.718295); Gnat
Creek (46.134382, -123.492375); Little Bear Creek (46.11197, -
123.661934); Little Creek (46.138483, -123.606302); Marys Creek
(46.136519, -123.685932); Mill Creek (46.143237, -123.582679); Mud
Creek (46.089977, -123.55188); Pigpen Creek (46.102416, -123.559042);
Saspal Slough (46.213023, -123.5376); Supply Creek (46.163644, -
123.538404).
(iii) Grays Bay Watershed 1708000603. Outlet(s) = Unnamed (Lat
46.242128, Long -123.884815); Unnamed (46.242369, -123.889547); Unnamed
(46.246062, -123.909891);
[[Page 9284]]
Unnamed (46.249228, -123.863946); Unnamed (46.259183, -123.852059);
Unnamed (46.260409, -123.850081); Unnamed (46.261711, -123.842086);
Unnamed (46.269817, -123.830183); Crooked Creek (46.296355, -
123.677056); Sisson Creek (46.301761, -123.72555); Chinook River
(46.303571, -123.968574); Grays River (46.306824, -123.685025); Deep
River (46.310771, -123.714286); Wallacut River (46.315209, -
124.020283); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (46.252832, -
123.906587); Unnamed (46.255601, -123.883337); Unnamed (46.257057, -
123.892766); Unnamed (46.261834, -123.877718); Unnamed (46.26971, -
123.872478); Unnamed (46.272099, -123.863261); Unnamed (46.272788, -
123.855154); Unnamed (46.273099, -123.847441); Unnamed (46.273923, -
123.833921); Unnamed (46.27462, -123.841297); Unnamed (46.282558, -
123.76132); Unnamed (46.289926, -123.938085); Unnamed (46.296119, -
123.751262); Unnamed (46.305607, -123.945919); Unnamed (46.320823, -
123.638104); Unnamed (46.332306, -123.674913); Unnamed (46.349054, -
123.563997); Unnamed (46.362133, -123.397387); Unnamed (46.367197, -
123.661101); Unnamed (46.370018, -123.661652); Unnamed (46.383643, -
123.54663); Unnamed (46.3861, -123.399009); Unnamed (46.389563, -
123.443531); Unnamed (46.398896, -123.603127); Unnamed (46.409223, -
123.563384); Unnamed (46.40988, -123.591182); Unnamed (46.414991, -
123.598881); Unnamed (46.419132, -123.377411); Unnamed (46.4231, -
123.465561); Unnamed (46.427724, -123.449351); Unnamed (46.428912, -
123.389161); Unnamed (46.429717, -123.393596); Unnamed (46.429964, -
123.55265); Unnamed (46.432969, -123.434984); Unnamed (46.435352, -
123.530908); Unnamed (46.440181, -123.389495); Unnamed (46.440236, -
123.539966); Unnamed (46.445599, -123.389398); Unnamed (46.453434, -
123.501054); Unnamed (46.466604, -123.486435); Unnamed (46.472739, -
123.394404); Unnamed (46.478038, -123.431439); Beaver Creek (46.401593,
-123.550548); Blaney Creek (46.403572, -123.442837); Cabin Creek
(46.44222, -123.485741); Campbell Creek (46.358257, -123.709343);
Chinook River (46.274479, -123.902553); Crooked Creek (46.313288, -
123.59644); Deep River (46.354054, -123.688621); East Fork Grays River
(46.42414, -123.36983); Empi Creek (46.31383, -123.638514); Fossil
Creek (46.354523, -123.484306); Grays River (46.491024, -123.4354);
Hendrickson Canyon (46.373524, -123.664774); Hendrickson Creek
(46.361368, -123.655366); Honey Creek (46.375646, -123.603913); Hull
Creek (46.405494, -123.57846); Impie Creek (46.318309, -123.617177);
Johnson Creek (46.463847, -123.502087); Kessel Creek (46.33321, -
123.586047); King Creek (46.34008, -123.577604); Klints Creek
(46.352885, -123.546067); Lassila Creek (46.330703, -123.717849);
Malone Creek (46.362725, -123.638537); Mitchell Creek (46.457074, -
123.405992); North Fork South Fork Crooked Creek (46.302415, -
123.588653); Rangila Slough (46.379454, -123.663919); Salme Creek
(46.345311, -123.727176); Seal Creek (46.330013, -123.666112); Shannon
Creek (46.397758, -123.544779); Silver Creek (46.361718, -123.606566);
Sisson Creek (46.326508, -123.744171); South Creek (46.298871, -
123.634124); South Fork Crooked Creek (46.291379, -123.594068); South
Fork Grays River (46.378555, -123.338976); Sweigiler Creek (46.421912,
-123.519244); Thadbar Creek (46.338413, -123.617861); Wallacut River
(46.320188, -124.009121); West Fork Grays River (46.45098, -123.56517);
Unnamed Creek (46.30366, -123.59053).
(8) Clackamas Subbasin 17090011--(i) Collawash River Watershed
1709001101. Outlet(s) = Collowash River (Lat 45.032022, Long -
122.061189); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Collawash River (44.950761, -
122.036265); Fan Creek (44.990371, -122.070099); Farm Creek (44.964523,
-122.056455); Hot Springs Fork (44.938225, -122.172924); Nohorn Creek
(44.951768, -122.178914); Pansy Creek (44.961276, -122.142173); Thunder
Creek (44.971026, -122.114357).
(ii) Upper Clackamas River Watershed 1709001102. Outlet(s) =
Clackamas River (Lat 45.032073, Long -122.060326); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (44.921586, -121.891779); Unnamed (44.946758, -
121.870376); Unnamed (44.965941, -121.890584); Unnamed (44.984829, -
121.88591); Unnamed (45.00955, -121.913461); Unnamed (45.009742, -
121.911448); Berry Creek (44.842515, -121.913476); Clackamas River
(44.872157, -121.84842); Cub Creek (44.840609, -121.886756); Fawn Creek
(44.918888, -121.906568); Hunter Creek (44.892373, -121.929425); Kansas
Creek (44.983299, -121.898876); Last Creek (44.971428, -121.855763);
Lowe Creek (44.950581, -121.911761); Pinhead Creek (44.947076, -
121.856905); Pot Creek (45.018321, -121.903626); Rhododendron Creek
(44.935961, -121.905497); Wall Creek (44.954634, -121.88565); Wolf
Creek (45.009327, -121.896447); Unnamed Creek (44.939221, -121.896788).
(iii) Oak Grove Fork Clackamas River Watershed 1709001103.
Outlet(s) = Oak Grove Fork Clackamas River (Lat 45.074631, Long -
122.053402); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Oak Grove Fork Clackamas River
(45.082079, -121.987346); Pint Creek (45.083562, -122.037835).
(iv) Middle Clackamas River Watershed 1709001104. Outlet(s) =
Clackamas River (Lat 45.243027, Long -122.28019); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Big Creek (45.071509, -122.07317); Clackamas River
(45.032073, -122.060326); Fish Creek (45.063717, -122.160481); North
Fork Clackamas River (45.238149, -122.218497); Oak Grove Fork Clackamas
River (45.074631, -122.053402); Mag Creek (45.058467, -122.049959);
Roaring River (45.181144, -122.060589); Sandstone Creek (45.088154, -
122.075766); South Fork Clackamas River (45.193817, -122.226266); Tag
Creek (45.060352, -122.048674); Tar Creek (45.049246, -122.058186);
Trout Creek (45.037826, -122.073273); Wash Creek (45.047152, -
122.190238); Whale Creek (45.110262, -122.085444).
(v) Eagle Creek Watershed 1709001105. Outlet(s) = Eagle Creek (Lat
45.353023, Long -122.38235); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed
(45.306541, -122.253481); Bear Creek (45.333888, -122.257969); Currin
Creek (45.337212, -122.357579); Delph Creek (45.266726, -122.169986);
Eagle Creek (45.276382, -122.200963); Little Eagle Creek (45.301454, -
122.167019); North Fork Eagle Creek (45.315132, -122.116618); Trout
Creek (45.330806, -122.124752).
(vi) Lower Clackamas River Watershed 1709001106. Outlet(s) =
Clackamas River (Lat 45.372568, Long -122.607652); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (45.258538, -122.299446); Unnamed (45.350086, -
122.487187); Unnamed (45.367637, -122.306895); Unnamed (45.377873, -
122.36847); Unnamed (45.405591, -122.323467); Unnamed (45.411148, -
122.302642); Bargfeld Creek (45.319393, -122.440978); Clackamas River
(45.243027, -122.28019); Clear Creek (45.202385, -122.314579); Deep
Creek (45.341779, -122.281223); Foster Creek (45.377099, -122.440414);
Goose Creek (45.361912, -122.356092); Little Clear Creek (45.194779, -
122.32996); Little Clear Creek (45.279953, -122.406729); Mosier Creek
(45.268224, -122.452581); North Fork Deep Creek (45.426893, -
122.304417);
[[Page 9285]]
Richardson Creek (45.409345, -122.450358); Rock Creek (45.41554, -
122.502566); Tickle Creek (45.391446, -122.27456).
(9) Lower Willamette Subbasin 17090012--(i) Johnson Creek Watershed
1709001201. Outlet(s) = Johnson Creek (Lat 45.443607, Long -
122.646568); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (45.395793, -
122.637786); Unnamed (45.479793, -122.637275); Unnamed (45.400038, -
122.643353); Unnamed (45.427915, -122.679059); Unnamed (45.482333, -
122.416496); Unnamed (45.483664, -122.416638); Unnamed (45.485757, -
122.422255); Unnamed (45.490889, -122.423876); Badger Creek (45.459757,
-122.386165); Crystal Springs Creek (45.481991, -122.636282); Hogan
Creek (45.479786, -122.417896); Johnson Creek (45.462435, -122.305859);
Kellogg Creek (45.416585, -122.599025); Kelly Creek (45.467217, -
122.484045); Mount Scott Creek (45.430427, -122.557033); Oswego Creek
(45.410712, -122.662215); Sunshine Creek (45.462297, -122.398193);
Tryon Creek (45.453787, -122.691186); Willamette River (45.372568, -
122.607652)).
(ii) Scappoose Creek Watershed 1709001202. Outlet(s) = Multnomah
Channel (Lat 45.618917, Long -122.796356); Multnomah Channel
(45.856115, -122.795022); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Brush Creek
(45.811623, -122.98903); Cox Creek (45.857229, -122.945231); Dart Creek
(45.880546, -122.886563); Deep Creek (45.789148, -122.918002); Fall
Creek (45.80123, -122.93963); Gourlay Creek (45.725088, -122.960632);
Lazy Creek (45.745352, -122.992007); Lizzie Creek (45.824543, -
122.994287); McCarthy Creek (45.616212, -122.859047); McNulty Creek
(45.836482, -122.859642); Miller Creek (45.611495, -122.812947); Milton
Creek (45.910301, -122.975949); North Scappoose Creek (45.826402, -
123.0147); Raymond Creek (45.72705, -122.929237); Salmon Creek
(45.867532, -122.901361); Scappoose Bay (45.790852, -122.876349); South
Scappoose Creek (45.76167, -123.011604); Sturgeon Lake (45.72323, -
122.79232); Sturgeon Lake (45.749815, -122.802752); Sturgeon Lake
(45.725503, -122.830343); Wolf Creek (45.746648, -122.949214).
(iii) Columbia Slough/Willamette River Watershed 1709001203.
Outlet(s) = Willamette River (Lat 45.653521, Long -122.764965);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Swan Island Basin (45.565019, -122.713073);
Columbia Slough (45.583522, -122.647913); Unnamed (45.615235, -
122.740691); Unnamed (45.627985, -122.754739); Willamette River
(45.372568, -122.607652).
(10) Lower Columbia River Corridor--Lower Columbia River
Corridor.Outlet(s) = Columbia River (Lat 46.2485, Long -124.0782)
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Columbia River (Lat 45.605237, Long -
121.633264).
(11) Maps of proposed critical habitat for the lower Columbia River
coho salmon DPS follow:
BILLING CODE 3510-22-P
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BILLING CODE 3510-22-C
(u) Puget Sound Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Critical habitat
is designated to include the areas defined in the following subbasins:
(1) Strait Of Georgia Subbasin 17110002--(i) Bellingham Bay
1711000201. Outlet(s) = Chuckanut
[[Page 9297]]
Creek (Lat 48.700204, Long -122.4949); Colony Creek (48.596632, -
122.419321); Padden Creek (48.720212, -122.507267); Squalicum Creek
(48.761135, -122.508464); Unnamed (48.614316, -122.441055); Whatcom
Creek (48.754617, -122.482672); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Chuckanut
Creek (48.695855, -122.459009); Colony Creek (48.595012, -122.368655);
Padden Creek (48.716119, -122.492112); Squalicum Creek (48.800413, -
122.401884); Toad Creek (48.790221, -122.420404); Unamed (48.61781, -
122.439544); Unnamed (48.694566, -122.460342); Unnamed (48.749891, -
122.443697); Unnamed (48.776621, -122.485934); Unnamed (48.798187, -
122.478488); Unnamed (48.804196, -122.480665); Unnamed (48.808622, -
122.395832); Unnamed (48.81125, -122.390305); Unnamed (48.818485, -
122.394634); Whatcom Creek (48.755728, -122.439609).
(ii) Samish River Watershed 1711000202. Outlet(s) = Samish River
(Lat 48.554929, Long -122.456811); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Bear
Creek (48.636953, -122.378411); Butler Creek (48.604896, -122.321047);
Doolittle Creek (48.636011, -122.217771); Dry Creek (48.59728, -
122.276992); Ennis Creek (48.656411, -122.192383); Friday Creek
(48.648567, -122.371833); Parson Creek (48.601221, -122.282987); Silver
Creek (48.64571, -122.329513); Swede Creek (48.558933, -122.226206);
Thomas Creek (48.547551, -122.26923); Thunder Creek (48.597861, -
122.214046); Unnamed (48.547031, -122.265845); Unnamed (48.601928, -
122.266484); Unnamed (48.60898, -122.23177); Unnamed (48.624483, -
122.220011); Unnamed (48.635349, -122.312454); Unnamed (48.636660, -
122.376452); Unnamed (48.684736, -122.198027); Vernon Creek (48.592764,
-122.243096).
(iii) Birch Bay 1711000204. Outlet(s) = California Creek (Lat
48.96192, Long -122.732814); Dakota Creek (48.971842, -122.723798);
Terrell Creek (48.921475, -122.745208); Unnamed (48.937195, -
122.752893); upstream to endpoint(s) in: California Creek (48.894356, -
122.608319); Haynie Creek (48.991982, -122.649909); North Fork Dakota
Creek (48.984477, -122.568636); South Fork Dakota Creek (48.946745, -
122.620945); Terrell Creek (48.873999, -122.688964); Unnamed (48.89583,
-122.753422); Unnamed (48.937989, -122.750521); Unnamed (48.971309, -
122.626164); Unnamed (48.975408, -122.668197); Unnamed (48.984629, -
122.692849); Unnamed (48.986989, -122.701077); Unnamed (48.992777, -
122.604054).
(2) Nooksack Subbasin 17110004--(i) Upper North Fork Nooksack River
Watershed 1711000401. Outlet(s) = Canyon Creek (Lat 48.90661, Long -
121.989864); North Fork Nooksack River (48.90561, -121.987814);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Canyon Creek (48.922933, -121.966384);
Cascade Creek (48.898964, -121.863499); Cornell Creek (48.88507, -
121.95911); Deadhorse Creek (48.902507, -121.837147); Gallop Creek
(48.883100, -121.947200); Glacier Creek (48.831251, -121.903097);
Hedrick Creek (48.89601, -121.971728); Little Creek (48.882629, -
121.937123); North Fork Nooksack River (48.905296, -121.8089); Thompson
Creek (48.892411, -121.880668); West Cornell Creek (48.882149, -
121.967178); Unnamed (48.83788, -121.90421); Unnamed (48.844181, -
121.897301); Unnamed (48.891500, -121.967668); Unnamed (48.902338, -
121.849472); Unnamed (48.90707, -121.83948).
(ii) Middle Fork Nooksack River Watershed 1711000402. Outlet(s) =
Canyon Creek (Lat 48.835008, Long -122.153051); Middle Fork Nooksack
River (48.833037, 122.153128); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Canyon Creek
(48.841923, -122.103727); Heislers Creek (48.778707, -122.092743);
Middle Fork Nooksack River (48.771145, -122.072977); Porter Creek
(48.794092, -122.103694); Unnamed (48.779218, -122.121048); Unnamed
(48.780767, -122.116975); Unnamed (48.787472, -122.12477); Unnamed
(48.820768, -122.122144).
(iii) South Fork Nooksack River Watershed 1711000403. Outlet(s) =
South Fork Nooksack River (Lat 48.807821, Long -122.20252); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Bell Creek (48.69622, -121.87518); Cavanaugh Creek
(48.644428, -122.110678); Deer Creek (48.603978, -122.092479); Hard
Scrabble Falls Creek (48.759936, -122.22864); Howard Creek (48.612814,
-121.966548); Hutchinson Creek (48.722661, -122.098154); Jones Creek
(48.715065, -122.215748); Loomis Creek (48.665079, -121.815934);
Mccarty Creek (48.727377, -122.219879); Mcginnis Creek (48.61109, -
121.958839); Plumbago Creek (48.607449, -122.097919); Skookum Creek
(48.68695, -122.104163); Standard Creek (48.74615, -122.224446);
Sygitowicz Creek (48.772017, -122.228041); Unnamed (48.599197, -
122.073063); Unnamed (48.600525, -122.039331); Unnamed (48.600658, -
122.022203); Unnamed (48.60222, -122.059486); Unnamed (48.602513, -
122.016247); Unnamed (48.602549, -122.004019); Unnamed (48.604219, -
121.992247); Unnamed (48.604523, -121.915611); Unnamed (48.60507, -
122.068393); Unnamed (48.60642, -121.930219); Unnamed (48.607985, -
121.918823); Unnamed (48.608266, -121.911587); Unnamed (48.609571, -
121.982189); Unnamed (48.61019, -121.954851); Unnamed (48.622868, -
122.117508); Unnamed (48.626209, -122.118838); Unnamed (48.630045, -
122.118545); Unnamed (48.642631, -122.122994); Unnamed (48.661705, -
122.11915); Unnamed (48.679949, -121.933538); Unnamed (48.681, -
122.176044); Unnamed (48.687907, -122.159547); Unnamed (48.69125, -
121.932816); Unnamed (48.698785, -121.912135); Unnamed (48.700841, -
121.880954); Unnamed (48.70222, -122.109268); Unnamed (48.725471, -
122.168225); Unnamed (48.738227, -122.105899); Unnamed (48.745076, -
122.11099); Unnamed (48.776775, -122.221381); Unnamed (48.784569, -
122.220861); Unnamed (48.80173, -122.17607); Unnamed (48.819062, -
122.229914); Wanlick Creek (48.66309, -121.801322).
(iv) Lower North Fork Nooksack River Watershed 1711000404.
Outlet(s) = Anderson Creek (Lat 48.866658, Long -122.324286); Nooksack
River (48.869803, -122.319417); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Anderson
Creek (48.789701, -122.330514); Bell Creek (48.849394, -122.163142);
Boulder Creek (48.936973, -122.02081); Canyon Creek (48.90661, -
121.989864); Coal Creek (48.890899, -122.15529); Kendall Creek
(48.926471, -122.148139); Kenney Creek (48.851169, -122.11389);
Macaulay Creek (48.834461, -122.236136); Maple Creek (48.926054, -
122.07647); Mitchell Creek (48.831119, -122.218653); North Fork
Nooksack River (48.90561, -121.987814); Racehorse Creek (48.879840, -
122.126400); Smith Creek (48.843717, -122.255666); South Fork Nooksack
River (48.807821, -122.20252); Unnamed (48.803428, -122.320427);
Unnamed (48.809155, -122.328886); Unnamed (48.816885, -122.229843);
Unnamed (48.830856, -122.173308); Unnamed (48.834543, -122.153069);
Unnamed (48.843097, -122.158088); Unnamed (48.850754, -122.120796);
Unnamed (48.90233, -122.093446); Unnamed (48.904967, -122.085488);
Unnamed (48.903288, -122.088323);
[[Page 9298]]
Unnamed (48.91174, -122.01464); Unnamed (48.916501, -122.063237);
Unnamed (48.918962, -122.015676); Unnamed (48.920779, -122.049370);
Unnamed (48.916696, -122.103739); Wildcat Creek (48.903709, -
122.000478).
(v) Nooksack River Watershed 1711000405. Outlet(s) = Nooksack River
(Lat 48.773567, Long -122.599888); Silver Creek (48.821901, -
122.53218); East Silver Creek (48.81687, -122.529067); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Anderson Creek (48.866658, -122.324286); Bertrand Creek
(49.002306, -122.523098); West Bertrand Creek (48.993346, -122.537903);
Fishtrap Creek (49.000000, -122.406584); Fourmile Creek (48.888842, -
122.422525); Mormon Ditch (48.943782, -122.382402); Nooksack River
(48.869803, -122.319417); Pepin Creek (49.000000, -122.473673);
Stickney Slough (48.971492, -122.390969); Tenmile Creek (48.841838, -
122.377054); Wiser Lake (48.899749, -122.511319); Unnamed (48.840108, -
122.411055); Unnamed (48.849253, -122.431795); Unnamed (48.854029, -
122.477112); Unnamed (48.854666, -122.439035); Unnamed (48.870978, -
122.599973); Unnamed (48.896998, -122.339775); Unnamed (48.913285, -
122.364233); Unnamed (48.926314, -122.591314); Unnamed (48.967318, -
122.524502); Unnamed (49.00182, -122.50126); Unnamed (49.000000, -
122.474268).
(3) Upper Skagit Subbasin 17110005--(i) Skagit River/Gorge Lake
Watershed 1711000504. Outlet(s) = Goodell Creek (Lat 48.674399, Long -
121.26504); Skagit River (48.672375, -121.262508); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Goodell Creek (48.729929, -121.314); Newhalem Creek
(48.664832, -121.255072); Skagit River (48.676125, -121.241661).
(ii) Skagit River/Diobsud Creek Watershed 1711000505. Outlet(s) =
Skagit River (48.522186, -121.431634); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Alma
Creek (48.599105, -121.36141); Bacon Creek (48.675306, -121.453097);
Copper Creek (48.588469, -121.370907); Damnation Creek (48.627647, -
121.339559); Diobsud Creek (48.583981, -121.441197); East Fork Bacon
Creek (48.669034, -121.430334); Falls Creek (48.633251, -121.427043);
Oakes Creek (48.619075, -121.412357); Skagit River (48.672375, -
121.262508); Thorton Creek (48.649594, -121.307697); Unnamed
(48.550953, -121.419261); Unnamed (48.627482, -121.324941); Unnamed
(48.630803, -121.424055); Unnamed (48.652391, -121.297267); Unnamed
(48.65642, -121.293119); Unnamed (48.657949, -121.279141); Unnamed
(48.659526, -121.281845); Unnamed (48.659652, -121.284867).
(iii) Cascade River Watershed 1711000506. Outlet(s) = Cascade River
(Lat 48.52147, Long -121.431469); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Boulder
Creek (48.511828, -121.363515); Cascade River (48.422406, -121.124592);
Clark Creek (48.519616, -121.404247); Found Creek (48.481464, -
121.244895); Jordan Creek (48.479149, -121.396302); Kindy Creek
(48.40346, -121.19997); North Fork Cascade River (48.46574, -
121.165301); Sibley Creek (48.511764, -121.255306); Unnamed (48.516916,
-121.369934); Unnamed (48.519853, -121.355352); Unnamed (48.522841, -
121.416253); Unnamed (48.540716, -121.187277).
(iv) Skagit River/illabot Creek Watershed 1711000507. Outlet(s) =
Skagit River (Lat 48.533888, Long -121.736697); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: Aldon Creek (48.490787, -121.655981); Barr Creek (48.494766, -
121.553562); Cascade River (48.52147, -121.431469); Corkindale Creek
(48.523793, -121.481226); Illabot Creek (48.420072, -121.375128);
Jackman Creek (48.52921, -121.696976); Mcleod Slough (48.478113, -
121.628016); Miller Creek (48.483633, -121.657553); Olson Creek
(48.554876, -121.448159); Rocky Creek (48.507094, -121.497771); Sauk
River (48.48173, -121.607129); Skagit River (48.522186, -121.431634);
Sutter Creek (48.495127, -121.549745); Unnamed (48.471463, -
121.542227); Unnamed (48.485698, -121.594461); Unnamed (48.487325, -
121.545692); Unnamed (48.487425, -121.533453); Unnamed (48.501107, -
121.661145).
(v) Baker River Watershed 1711000508. Outlet(s) = Baker River (Lat
48.533879, Long -121.736713); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Baker River
(48.820068, -121.428469); Bald Eagle Creek (48.786682, -121.426929);
Blum Creek (48.753095, -121.54535); Little Sandy Creek (48.704049, -
121.698077); Morovitz Creek (48.745746, -121.677314); Park Creek
(48.74079, -121.681977); Pass Creek (48.814934, -121.463275); Rocky
Creek (48.645389, -121.707383); Skagit River (48.533888, -121.736697);
Swift Creek (48.753261, -121.65719); Unnamed (48.734467, -121.636766).
(4) Sauk Subbasin 17110006--(i) Upper Sauk River Watershed
1711000601. Outlet(s) = Sauk River (Lat 48.173216, Long -121.472863);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Bedal Creek (48.079796, -121.392862); Black
Oak Creek (48.178866, -121.45057); Camp Creek (48.150358, -121.280495);
Chocwich Creek (48.072804, -121.399295); Crystal Creek (48.182984, -
121.360841); Dead Duck Creek (48.179803, -121.373501); Elliott Creek
(48.055379, -121.415773); Falls Creek (48.136819, -121.432256); Martin
Creek (48.091595, -121.402576); North Fork Sauk River (48.096, -
121.372171); Owl Creek (48.162177, -121.295991); Peek-A-Boo Creek
(48.149748, -121.441535); South Fork Sauk River (47.986322, -
121.393336); Stujack Creek (48.176825, -121.392682); Swift Creek
(48.099536, -121.40116); Unnamed (48.117404, -121.416221); Unnamed
(48.164324, -121.447051); Unnamed (48.165143, -121.33003); Weden Creek
(47.986316, -121.44378); White Chuck River (48.09948, -121.182565).
(ii) Upper Suiattle River Watershed 1711000602. Outlet(s) =
Suiattle River (48.258351, -121.224572); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Downey Creek (48.28262, -121.209548); Suiattle River (48.210571, -
121.088734); Sulphur Creek (48.256889, -121.174591).
(iii) Lower Suiattle River Watershed 1711000603. Outlet(s) =
Suiattle River (Lat 48.335583, Long -121.547106); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: All Creek (48.288401, -121.429156); Big Creek
(48.343084, -121.441273); Black Creek (48.258382, -121.402801); Buck
Creek (48.275388, -121.327822); Captain Creek (48.258384, -121.276479);
Circle Creek (48.257783, -121.339964); Conrad Creek (48.276814, -
121.414421); Harriet Creek (48.24803, -121.30351); Lime Creek
(48.244288, -121.294507); Suiattle River (48.258351, -121.224572);
Tenas Creek (48.336889, -121.431586); Unnamed (48.268285, -121.347595);
Unnamed (48.2897, -121.432205); Unnamed (48.295835, -121.432122);
Unnamed (48.303544, -121.423863).
(iv) Lower Sauk River Watershed 1711000604. Outlet(s) = Mcleod
Slough (Lat 48.478113, Long -121.628016); Sauk River (48.48173, -
121.607129); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Clear Creek (48.202408, -
121.569295); Dan Creek (48.265631, -121.540646); Dutch Creek
(48.179125, -121.486809); Everett Creek (48.283836, -121.526243);
Goodman Creek (48.185225, -121.499311); Hilt Creek (48.440932, -
121.573433); Murphy Creek (48.183863, -121.523654); Rinker Creek
(48.395207, -121.583449); Sauk River (48.173216, -121.472863); Suiattle
River (48.335583, -121.547106); Unnamed (48.235207, -121.590179);
Unnamed (48.282638, -121.530751); Unnamed (48.286653, -121.524888);
Unnamed (48.305253, -121.545097); Unnamed (48.439232, -121.616077);
White Creek (48.403202, -121.537828).
[[Page 9299]]
(5) Lower Skagit Subbasin 17110007--(i) Middle Skagit River/Finney
Creek Watershed 1711000701. Outlet(s) = Skagit River (Lat 48.488951,
Long -122.217614); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Alder Creek (48.552575,
-121.932183); Boyd Creek (48.504855, -121.892273); Childs Creek
(48.536412, -122.080267); Coal Creek (48.533942, -122.153196);
Cumberland Creek (48.510468, -121.993332); Day Creek (48.406901, -
121.97766); Finney Creek (48.465302, -121.687051); Gilligan Creek
(48.48009, -122.130644); Grandy Creek (48.561171, -121.818094); Hansen
Creek (48.559859, -122.208046); Jones Creek (48.558032, -122.046527);
Loretta Creek (48.492814, -122.018527); Marietta Creek (48.511246, -
121.930245); Mill Creek (48.500192, -121.873597); Muddy Creek
(48.545767, -121.985109); O Toole Creek (48.508466, -121.919329);
Pressentin Creek (48.509721, -121.846156); Quartz Creek (48.50301, -
121.788233); Red Cabin Creek (48.552388, -122.016014); Skagit River
(48.533385, -121.737928); Sorenson Creek (48.488763, -122.104541);
Unnamed (48.480893, -122.141637); Unnamed (48.489945, -122.098925);
Unnamed (48.495815, -121.753486); Unnamed (48.506371, -122.061784);
Unnamed (48.509168, -122.104561); Unnamed (48.514861, -122.118166);
Unnamed (48.528239, -122.166675); Unnamed (48.528601, -122.102507);
Unnamed (48.535185, -122.087068); Unnamed (48.536394, -122.085423);
Unnamed (48.537986, -122.186437); Unnamed (48.542105, -122.059915);
Unnamed (48.547274, -122.185153); Unnamed (48.547956, -122.187094);
Unnamed (48.548129, -121.954555); Unnamed (48.550762, -122.195456);
Unnamed (48.552902, -121.959069); Unnamed (48.558115, -122.198368);
Unnamed (48.558227, -121.99464); Unnamed (48.561171, -121.818094);
Unnamed (48.562984, -121.811731); Unnamed (48.55177, -122.204332);
Wiseman Creek (48.532064, -122.135004).
(ii) Lower Skagit River/Nookachamps Creek Watershed 1711000702.
Outlet(s) = Freshwater Slough (Lat 48.310713, Long -122.389592); North
Fork Skagit River (48.362362, -122.470128); South Fork Skagit River
(48.291833, -122.368233); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Britt Slough
(48.393312, -122.358366); Carpenter Creek (48.394245, -122.277339);
East Fork Nookachamps Creek (48.404247, -122.180275); Fisher Creek
(48.30521, -122.296248); Lake Creek (48.324016, -122.224344); Skagit
River (48.488951, -122.217614); Turner Creek (48.447398, -122.195845);
Unnamed (48.358837, -122.422683); Unnamed (48.366754, -122.41293);
Unnamed (48.43207, -122.314617); Unnamed (48.380192, -122.17967);
Walker Creek (48.375354, -122.176074).
(6) Stillaguamish Subbasin 17110008--(i) North Fork Stillaguamish
River Watershed 1711000801. Outlet(s) = North Fork Stillaguamish River
(Lat 48.203615, Long -122.126717); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Boulder
River (48.245122, -121.828242); Brooks Creek (48.289564, -121.906883);
Deer Creek (48.364935, -121.794539); Deforest Creek (48.393279, -
121.853014); Dicks Creek (48.300579, -121.836549); French Creek
(48.239427, -121.774131); Fry Creek (48.256369, -121.897103); Furland
Creek (48.25189, -121.699139); Grant Creek (48.295612, -122.031716);
Hell Creek (48.252119, -121.964447); Higgins Creek (48.329407, -
121.791932); Little Deer Creek (48.431748, -121.938181); Little French
Creek (48.268189, -121.738851); Montague Creek (48.250887, -
121.867164); Moose Creek (48.253373, -121.710713); North Fork
Stillaguamish River (48.296662, -121.636091); Rick Creek (48.349662, -
121.899994); Rock Creek (48.272543, -122.084907); Rollins Creek
(48.292951, -121.851904); Segelsen Creek (48.301774, -121.705063); Snow
Gulch (48.241837, -121.688972); Squire Creek (48.201836, -121.630783);
Unnamed (48.225817, -122.090659); Unnamed (48.23139, -122.079834);
Unnamed (48.236267, -121.625132); Unnamed (48.236753, -122.051497);
Unnamed (48.243945, -121.64302); Unnamed (48.24766, -122.036676);
Unnamed (48.252573, -122.029955); Unnamed (48.255611, -121.714995);
Unnamed (48.256057, -122.095346); Unnamed (48.256367, -121.939918);
Unnamed (48.256695, -122.025848); Unnamed (48.257104, -121.90825);
Unnamed (48.258393, -122.05691); Unnamed (48.258869, -121.764439);
Unnamed (48.259213, -121.70866); Unnamed (48.263641, -121.763092);
Unnamed (48.264861, -121.758039); Unnamed (48.265601, -122.004059);
Unnamed (48.267786, -122.043722); Unnamed (48.268038, -121.715334);
Unnamed (48.272044, -121.726641); Unnamed (48.27601, -121.935088);
Unnamed (48.277489, -122.036087); Unnamed (48.27989, -121.990779);
Unnamed (48.281081, -121.995266); Unnamed (48.281713, -121.649707);
Unnamed (48.283383, -121.683334); Unnamed (48.28395, -121.646562);
Unnamed (48.284296, -121.658284); Unnamed (48.28446, -121.920135);
Unnamed (48.285216, -121.62783); Unnamed (48.2891, -121.769358);
Unnamed (48.289217, -121.680426); Unnamed (48.289395, -121.755674);
Unnamed (48.289507, -121.702145); Unnamed (48.290513, -121.743771);
Unnamed (48.290671, -121.721475); Unnamed (48.290801, -121.746827);
Unnamed (48.291004, -121.691566); Unnamed (48.291597, -121.693818);
Unnamed (48.294273, -121.732756); Unnamed (48.294703, -121.826142);
Unnamed (48.294855, -121.94067); Unnamed (48.295803, -121.789706);
Unnamed (48.296128, -121.825352); Unnamed (48.297676, -121.802133);
Unnamed (48.319239, -121.964661); Unnamed (48.359397, -121.920923);
Unnamed (48.361324, -121.93455); Unnamed (48.365655, -121.915496);
Unnamed (48.366918, -121.941311); Unnamed (48.367183, -121.958052);
Unnamed (48.367255, -121.956483); Unnamed (48.367469, -121.95337);
Unnamed (48.370765, -121.89953); Unnamed (48.371334, -121.834956);
Unnamed (48.372057, -121.893537); Unnamed (48.37667, -121.887195);
Unnamed (48.384027, -121.879147); Unnamed (48.410307, -121.91761);
Unnamed (48.297464, -121.81382); Unnamed (48.321184, -121.95493).
(ii) South Fork Stillaguamish River Watershed 1711000802. Outlet(s)
= North Fork Stillaguamish River (Lat 48.203615, Long -122.126716);
South Fork Stillaguamish River (48.203615, -122.126717); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Bear Creek (48.064612, -121.729061); Bear Creek
(48.184588, -122.027434); Beaver Creek (48.088637, -121.513947); Bender
Creek (48.066866, -121.589809); Benson Creek (48.10167, -121.738611);
Blackjack Creek (48.051331, -121.624223); Boardman Creek (48.04009, -
121.674988); Buck Creek (48.051042, -121.469806); Coal Creek
(48.093827, -121.535554); Cranberry Creek (48.121886, -121.803277); Cub
Creek (48.211009, -121.940174); Deer Creek (48.094863, -121.554797);
Eldredge Creek (48.074512, -121.637347); Gordon Creek (48.086169, -
121.660042); Hawthorn Creek (48.078912, -121.8082); Heather Creek
(48.086826, -121.782066); Hempel Creek (48.075711, -121.743146); Jim
Creek (48.209443, -121.929313); Mallardy Creek (48.067197, -
121.657137); March Creek (48.196056, -122.15374); Marten Creek
(48.079769, -121.613497); North Fork Canyon Creek (48.17598, -
121.82868); Palmer Creek (48.0427, -121.474893); Perry Creek
(48.077976, -121.482351); Porter Creek (48.197684, -122.008959); Rotary
Creek (48.092322, -121.828833);
[[Page 9300]]
Schweitzer Creek (48.06862, -121.69012); Siberia Creek (48.166246, -
122.022375); South Fork Canyon Creek (48.153787, -121.785021); South
Fork Stillaguamish River (48.028261, -121.483458); Triple Creek
(48.077106, -121.798123); Turlo Creek (48.108542, -121.764124);
Twentytwo Creek (48.075825, -121.758819); Unnamed (48.047402, -
121.505486); Unnamed (48.05552, -121.520966); Unnamed (48.075811, -
121.563225); Unnamed (48.077807, -121.591337); Unnamed (48.080052, -
121.580689); Unnamed (48.082802, -121.695828); Unnamed (48.084671, -
121.683128); Unnamed (48.090013, -121.877766); Unnamed (48.091037, -
121.815954); Unnamed (48.094741, -121.861679); Unnamed (48.100032, -
121.796066); Unnamed (48.102487, -121.760967); Unnamed (48.10534, -
122.027687); Unnamed (48.106381, -121.783693); Unnamed (48.107979, -
121.790154); Unnamed (48.110592, -121.795323); Unnamed (48.11262, -
121.80435); Unnamed (48.117007, -121.82596); Unnamed (48.118957, -
121.83034); Unnamed (48.125862, -122.006135); Unnamed (48.131466, -
121.905515); Unnamed (48.131881, -121.883717); Unnamed (48.134683, -
121.938153); Unnamed (48.139202, -122.040321); Unnamed (48.140702, -
121.932885); Unnamed (48.141896, -121.932379); Unnamed (48.143639, -
121.932372); Unnamed (48.14431, -121.924623); Unnamed (48.14619, -
122.017379); Unnamed (48.151471, -122.062372); Unnamed (48.166951, -
122.097499); Unnamed (48.19464, -122.074897); Unnamed (48.199265, -
122.091343); Unnamed (48.212118, -121.923782); Unnamed (48.21329, -
122.028497); Unnamed (48.216753, -122.005396); Unnamed (48.219125, -
121.989143); Unnamed (48.219724, -121.994297); Unnamed (48.224672, -
121.975855); Unnamed (48.227563, -121.937492); Unnamed (48.233562, -
121.953975); Wiley Creek (48.092015, -121.720605); Wisconsin Creek
(48.068182, -121.719162).
(iii) Lower Stillaguamish River Watershed 1711000803. Outlet(s) =
Hat Slough (Lat 48.198102, Long -122.359125); Stillaguamish River
(48.238335, -122.376115); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Church Creek
(48.26413, -122.283181); Freedom Creek (48.271454, -122.314228); Harvey
Creek (48.233538, -122.128366); Jackson Gulch (48.210323, -122.241546);
North Fork Stillaguamish River (48.203615, -122.126716); Pilchuck Creek
(48.317396, -122.149205); Portage Creek (48.178785, -122.182919);
Stillaguamish River (48.203562, -122.126899); Unnamed (48.171029, -
122.260136); Unnamed (48.186672, -122.277088); Unnamed (48.195788, -
122.283335); Unnamed (48.195835, -122.168612); Unnamed (48.196884, -
122.166822); Unnamed (48.20183, -122.295689); Unnamed (48.203545, -
122.315975); Unnamed (48.203747, -122.19962); Unnamed (48.214373, -
122.151954); Unnamed (48.224202, -122.14526); Unnamed (48.227416, -
122.199181); Unnamed (48.232175, -122.226793); Unnamed (48.23644, -
122.226298); Unnamed (48.240242, -122.207791); Unnamed (48.241888, -
122.201199); Unnamed (48.251066, -122.202687); Unnamed (48.256206, -
122.197528); Unnamed (48.262756, -122.185006); Unnamed (48.271258, -
122.316101); Unnamed (48.281636, -122.206013); Unnamed (48.300059, -
122.213286); Unnamed (48.303378, -122.161323).
(7) Skykomish Subbasin 17110009--(i) Tye And Beckler Rivers
Watershed 1711000901. Outlet(s) = Beckler River (Lat 47.715467, Long -
121.341085); South Fork Skykomish River (47.71526, -121.339458);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Alpine Creek (47.70063, -121.253227);
Beckler River (47.86115, -121.306314); East Fork Foss River (47.648892,
-121.276727); Rapid River (47.819406, -121.237866); Tye River
(47.717046, -121.226571); West Fork Foss River (47.627377, -
121.310419).
(ii) Skykomish River Forks Watershed 1711000902. Outlet(s) = North
Fork Skykomish River (Lat 47.813603, Long -121.577995); South Fork
Skykomish River (47.812617, -121.577943); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Barclay Creek (47.791478, -121.48993); Bear Creek (47.889803, -
121.382157); Beckler River (47.715467, -121.341085); Bitter Creek
(47.841172, -121.50341); Bridal Veil Creek (47.798538, -121.56095);
East Fork Miller River (47.648482, -121.373599); Excelsior Creek
(47.869782, -121.486781); Goblin Creek (47.925037, -121.311518); Index
Creek (47.759736, -121.496132); Kimball Creek (47.701302, -121.431138);
Lewis Creek (47.81892, -121.505851); Maloney Creek (47.704343, -
121.354423); Money Creek (47.707177, -121.442116); North Fork Skykomish
River (47.920573, -121.303744); Salmon Creek (47.904002, -121.467022);
Silver Creek (47.940366, -121.437503); Snowslide Gulch (47.857696, -
121.508333); South Fork Skykomish River (47.71526, -121.339458);
Troublesome Creek (47.899315, -121.400435); Trout Creek (47.832847, -
121.433624); West Cady Creek (47.897548, -121.305775); West Fork Miller
River (47.665692, -121.400066).
(iii) Skykomish River/Wallace River Watershed 1711000903. Outlet(s)
= Mccoy Creek (Lat 47.847628, Long -121.824315); Skykomish River
(47.860377, -121.819105); Unnamed (47.855571, -121.819268); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Anderson Creek (47.8044, -121.596583); Deer Creek
(47.818891, -121.581685); Duffey Creek (47.833436, -121.689636);
Hogarty Creek (47.842003, -121.612106); May Creek (47.856805, -
121.632414); Mccoy Creek (47.831308, -121.826994); North Fork Skykomish
River (47.813603, -121.577995); North Fork Wallace River (47.879351, -
121.659897); Olney Creek (47.879416, -121.717566); Proctor Creek
(47.816171, -121.652091); South Fork Skykomish River (47.812617, -
121.577943); Unnamed (47.823821, -121.641583); Unnamed (47.854927, -
121.788254); Unnamed (47.857101, -121.75812); Unnamed (47.858007, -
121.797344); Unnamed (47.860413, -121.635072); Unnamed (47.84923, -
121.784034); Unnamed (47.855893, -121.752873); Wagleys Creek
(47.873165, -121.773098); Wallace River (47.877046, -121.645838).
(iv) Sultan River Watershed 1711000904. Outlet(s) = Sultan River
(Lat 47.861005, Long -121.820933); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Sultan
River (47.959618, -121.796288); Unnamed (47.887034, -121.829974).
(v) Skykomish River/Woods Creek Watershed 1711000905. Outlet(s) =
Skykomish River (Lat 47.829872, Long -122.045091); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Barr Creek (Lat 47.829715, -121.905589); Carpenter
Creek (48.015168, -121.930236); Elwell Creek (47.803646, -121.853672);
Foye Creek (47.822602, -121.970674); High Rock Creek (47.837811, -
121.959755); Mccoy Creek (47.847628, -121.824315); Richardson Creek
(47.886315, -121.943935); Riley Slough (47.844202, -121.936904);
Skykomish River (47.847403, -121.886481); Skykomish River (47.852292, -
121.878907); Skykomish River (47.854738, -121.82681); Sorgenfrei Creek
(47.961588, -121.934368); Sultan River (47.861005, -121.820933);
Unnamed (47.818865, -122.005592); Unnamed (47.81969, -122.00526);
Unnamed (47.829214, -121.844279); Unnamed (47.855571, -121.819268);
Unnamed (47.88559, -121.921368); Unnamed (47.828244, -122.013516);
Unnamed (47.834405, -122.016728); Unnamed (47.834695, -122.021191);
Unnamed (47.836191, -121.980947); Unnamed (47.839322, -121.952037);
[[Page 9301]]
Unnamed (47.839419, -121.843256); Unnamed (47.842963, -121.90049);
Unnamed (47.844848, -121.889155); Unnamed (47.851422, -121.852499);
Unnamed (47.853708, -121.907276); Unnamed (47.853713, -121.91338);
Unnamed (47.857546, -121.830245); West Fork Woods Creek (47.983648, -
121.957293); Woods Creek (47.895095, -121.875437); Youngs Creek
(47.807915, -121.83447).
(8) Snoqualmie Subbasin 17110010--(i) Middle Fork Snoqualmie River
Watershed 1711001003. Outlet(s) = Langlois Creek (Lat 47.635728, Long -
121.90751); Snoqualmie River (47.640786, -121.927225); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Canyon Creek (47.568828, -121.981984); East Fork
Griffin Creek (47.667678, -121.79524); Griffin Creek (47.679643, -
121.802134); Lake Creek (47.506498, -121.871475); Langlois Creek
(47.632423, -121.900585); Langlois Creek (47.63436, -121.910479);
Patterson Creek (47.643294, -122.008601); Raging River (47.443286, -
121.841753); Snoqualmie River (47.54132, -121.837391); Tokul Creek
(47.556115, -121.829753); Unnamed (47.435758, -121.840802); Unnamed
(47.469131, -121.887371); Unnamed (47.552211, -121.892074); Unnamed
(47.55902, -121.959053); Unnamed (47.594862, -121.869153); Unnamed
(47.602188, -121.86105); Unnamed (47.611929, -121.844129); Unnamed
(47.617761, -121.987517); Unnamed (47.620823, -121.818809); Unnamed
(47.67586, -121.821881); Unnamed (47.550625, -121.860269); Unnamed
(47.573184, -121.882046); Unnamed (47.574562, -121.935597); Unnamed
(47.574643, -121.923532); Unnamed (47.575296, -121.934856); Unnamed
(47.575302, -121.928863); Unnamed (47.577661, -121.922239); Unnamed
(47.580744, -121.89107); Unnamed (47.604032, -121.909863); Unnamed
(47.60579, -121.908524); Unnamed (47.611586, -121.940718); Unnamed
(47.61275, -121.923865); Unnamed (47.619886, -121.913184); Unnamed
(47.624753, -121.913661).
(ii) Lower Snoqualmie River Watershed 1711001004. Outlet(s) =
Snohomish River (47.832905, -122.05029); Unnamed (47.818865, -
122.005592); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Adair Creek (47.713532, -
122.00603); Cherry Creek (47.767647, -121.835764); Langlois Creek
(47.635728, -121.90751); Margaret Creek (47.754562, -121.894491); North
Fork Cherry Creek (47.747274, -121.922417); North Fork Creek
(47.709704, -121.813858); Pearson Eddy Creek (47.7629, -121.993362);
Peoples Creek (47.797003, -121.969785); Snoqualmie River (47.640786, -
121.927225); South Fork Tolt River (47.692382, -121.690691); Stossel
Creek (47.760057, -121.854479); Tolt River (47.639682, -121.925064);
Tuck Creek (47.760138, -122.029513); Unnamed (47.66549, -121.969734);
Unnamed (47.688103, -121.841747); Unnamed (47.697681, -121.877351);
Unnamed (47.699359, -121.72867); Unnamed (47.711538, -121.835344);
Unnamed (47.718309, -121.778212); Unnamed (47.719516, -121.683676);
Unnamed (47.721128, -121.842676); Unnamed (47.721491, -121.711688);
Unnamed (47.72187, -121.872933); Unnamed (47.639628, -121.916512);
Unnamed (47.644835, -121.876373); Unnamed (47.652724, -121.927754);
Unnamed (47.653832, -121.900784); Unnamed (47.663562, -121.912794);
Unnamed (47.666377, -121.921884); Unnamed (47.66645, -121.968042);
Unnamed (47.671854, -121.944823); Unnamed (47.6722, -121.934103);
Unnamed (47.672893, -121.963119); Unnamed (47.673234, -121.906003);
Unnamed (47.68202, -121.984816); Unnamed (47.683549, -121.985897);
Unnamed (47.685397, -121.98674); Unnamed (47.688482, -121.942011);
Unnamed (47.691215, -121.959693); Unnamed (47.691787, -121.975697);
Unnamed (47.694662, -121.994754); Unnamed (47.701955, -121.998995);
Unnamed (47.704253, -122.001792); Unnamed (47.709025, -122.004767);
Unnamed (47.709854, -121.98468); Unnamed (47.716945, -122.001237);
Unnamed (47.721749, -121.989604); Unnamed (47.722623, -121.987303);
Unnamed (47.723963, -121.996696); Unnamed (47.726844, -121.989954);
Unnamed (47.733263, -122.010612); Unnamed (47.733962, -121.989698);
Unnamed (47.734647, -122.013111); Unnamed (47.736303, -122.013677);
Unnamed (47.736874, -121.98844); Unnamed (47.741838, -122.009593);
Unnamed (47.744396, -121.949708); Unnamed (47.745593, -121.952919);
Unnamed (47.745918, -121.954099); Unnamed (47.747444, -122.005028);
Unnamed (47.747524, -121.957434); Unnamed (47.747678, -121.996583);
Unnamed (47.74965, -121.977289); Unnamed (47.750208, -121.96435);
Unnamed (47.750524, -121.965961); Unnamed (47.75188, -121.927084);
Unnamed (47.752108, -121.969501); Unnamed (47.752268, -122.004156);
Unnamed (47.75256, -121.964546); Unnamed (47.752757, -121.969499);
Unnamed (47.752947, -121.957481); Unnamed (47.753339, -121.969357);
Unnamed (47.754942, -121.97775); Unnamed (47.756436, -122.004367);
Unnamed (47.758452, -122.002775); Unnamed (47.761886, -122.000354);
Unnamed (47.762689, -121.991876); Unnamed (47.762853, -121.977877);
Unnamed (47.767489, -122.000623); Unnamed (47.775507, -121.995614);
Unnamed (47.775755, -121.99995); Unnamed (47.776255, -121.999798);
Unnamed (47.779073, -121.991757); Unnamed (47.782249, -121.966177);
Unnamed (47.788539, -122.000183); Unnamed (47.797789, -121.978354);
Unnamed (47.801619, -121.981418); Unnamed (47.815259, -121.976869);
Unnamed (47.815443, -121.99813); Unnamed (47.818865, -122.005592).
(9) Snohomish Subbasin 17110011--(i) Pilchuck River Watershed
1711001101. Outlet(s) = French Creek (Lat 47.888547, Long -122.087439);
Pilchuck River (47.900972, -122.092133); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Boulder Creek (48.024989, -121.811255); Catherine Creek (48.033209, -
122.077074); Dubuque Creek (47.996688, -122.010406); French Creek
(47.898794, -122.057083); Kelly Creek (48.035392, -121.830635); Little
Pilchuck Creek (48.112494, -122.060843); Miller Creek (47.996242, -
121.781617); Pilchuck River (47.991273, -121.736285); Purdy Creek
(48.008866, -121.892703); Worthy Creek (48.060661, -121.889486); Scott
Creek (47.94956, -122.05759); Unnamed (47.946107, -122.078197); Unnamed
(47.981529, -122.022251); Unnamed (48.014987, -122.065111); Unnamed
(48.050521, -121.960436); Unnamed (48.052319, -121.873027); Unnamed
(48.056823, -121.920701); Unnamed (47.893981, -122.064909); Unnamed
(47.90029, -122.055264); Unnamed (47.900781, -122.071709); Unnamed
(47.902216, -122.060278); Unnamed (47.909758, -122.055179); Unnamed
(47.91308, -122.079588); Unnamed (47.91411, -122.073471); Unnamed
(47.930159, -122.045611); Unnamed (47.970802, -122.07904); Wilson Creek
(48.007178, -121.772124).
(ii) Snohomish River Watershed 1711001102. Outlet(s) = Quilceda
Creek (48.045077, -122.207633); Snohomish River (48.020024, -
122.199952); Steamboat Slough (48.035252, -122.187716); Union Slough
(48.033026, -122.187941); Unnamed (48.042687, -122.203304); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Allen Creek (48.060189, -122.155845); Anderson Creek
(47.823494, -122.063169); Batt Slough (47.893752, -122.101932); Burri
Creek (47.996254, -122.12825); Ebey Slough (47.942077, -122.172019);
Elliott Creek (47.832096, -122.058076); Evans Creek (47.837998, -
122.084366); French Creek (47.905702, -122.006538); Lake
[[Page 9302]]
Beecher (47.853003, -122.08659); Larimer Creek (47.889935, -
122.141659); Quilceda Creek (48.126701, -122.136538); Snohomish River
(47.845642, -122.066164); Swan Trail Slough (47.924299, -122.144247);
Thomas Creek (47.885779, -122.133759); Unnamed (47.89605, -122.024132);
Unnamed (47.874632, -122.06789); Unnamed (47.878911, -122.062819);
Unnamed (47.883214, -122.075259); Unnamed (47.883685, -122.064291);
Unnamed (47.977505, -122.164439); Unnamed (47.989661, -122.153303);
Unnamed (47.989986, -122.157628); Unnamed (47.992902, -122.153788);
Unnamed (47.994226, -122.155257); Unnamed (47.999821, -122.157617);
Unnamed (47.999833, -122.154307); Unnamed (48.000441, -122.160006);
Unnamed (48.131795, -122.131717); Unnamed (47.826251, -122.063007);
Unnamed (47.839617, -122.088583); Unnamed (47.842605, -122.060737);
Unnamed (47.842773, -122.09302); Unnamed (47.845642, -122.066164);
Unnamed (47.845758, -122.092344); Unnamed (47.846844, -122.064563);
Unnamed (47.851113, -122.010167); Unnamed (47.852079, -122.018572);
Unnamed (47.861172, -122.029372); Unnamed (47.864352, -122.091793);
Unnamed (47.868184, -122.033887); Unnamed (47.868667, -122.071745);
Unnamed (47.871627, -122.007148); Unnamed (47.872067, -122.012574);
Unnamed (47.872807, -122.007458); Unnamed (47.872892, -122.020313);
Unnamed (47.873683, -122.02625); Unnamed (47.873838, -122.023394);
Unnamed (47.873972, -122.020824); Unnamed (47.873974, -122.018382);
Unnamed (47.874621, -122.033932); Unnamed (47.87602, -122.018838);
Unnamed (47.876587, -122.038858); Unnamed (47.877086, -122.10383);
Unnamed (47.878155, -122.093306); Unnamed (47.878365, -122.047458);
Unnamed (47.879616, -122.121293); Unnamed (47.880169, -122.120704);
Unnamed (47.880744, -122.124328); Unnamed (47.880801, -122.115079);
Unnamed (47.881683, -122.018106); Unnamed (47.882464, -122.049811);
Unnamed (47.88295, -122.036805); Unnamed (47.883214, -122.128361);
Unnamed (47.887449, -122.136266); Unnamed (47.887628, -122.115244);
Unnamed (47.889292, -122.138508); Unnamed (47.889733, -122.139749);
Unnamed (47.889949, -122.045002); Unnamed (47.891627, -122.052284);
Unnamed (47.893918, -122.1473); Unnamed (47.893921, -122.15179);
Unnamed (47.900751, -122.162699); Unnamed (47.901957, -122.165281);
Unnamed (47.903224, -122.152517); Unnamed (47.905749, -122.171392);
Unnamed (47.906952, -122.1713); Unnamed (47.909784, -122.174177);
Unnamed (47.917745, -122.179549); Unnamed (47.91785, -122.170724);
Unnamed (47.917965, -122.176424); Unnamed (47.918881, -122.166131);
Unnamed (47.919953, -122.159256); Unnamed (47.920163, -122.112239);
Unnamed (47.922557, -122.152328); Unnamed (47.926219, -122.164369);
Unnamed (47.927044, -122.187844); Unnamed (47.927115, -122.181581);
Unnamed (47.928771, -122.182785); Unnamed (47.929155, -122.1575);
Unnamed (47.9292, -122.16225); Unnamed (47.931447, -122.155867);
Unnamed (47.935459, -122.190942); Unnamed (47.935975, -122.19135);
Unnamed (47.936814, -122.170221); Unnamed (47.939084, -122.174422);
Unnamed (47.939185, -122.192305); Unnamed (47.939694, -122.150153);
Unnamed (47.940939, -122.155435); Unnamed (47.940947, -122.157858);
Unnamed (47.94244, -122.157373); Unnamed (47.942726, -122.17536);
Unnamed (47.945442, -122.192582); Unnamed (47.94649, -122.146106);
Unnamed (47.946592, -122.146917); Unnamed (47.947975, -122.179796);
Unnamed (47.949211, -122.139884); Unnamed (47.949321, -122.159191);
Unnamed (47.949477, -122.132724); Unnamed (47.949525, -122.141519);
Unnamed (47.954551, -122.127872); Unnamed (47.954673, -122.126737);
Unnamed (47.954755, -122.131233); Unnamed (47.955528, -122.131243);
Unnamed (47.956927, -122.19563); Unnamed (47.959917, -122.126245);
Unnamed (47.960424, -122.126126); Unnamed (47.960595, -122.12673);
Unnamed (47.961773, -122.130148); Unnamed (47.99053, -122.133921);
Unnamed (48.001732, -122.129584); Unnamed (48.035728, -122.158051);
Unnamed (48.038525, -122.160828); Unnamed (48.039738, -122.153565);
Unnamed (48.041372, -122.151583); Unnamed (48.042963, -122.150051);
Unnamed (48.044102, -122.147735); Unnamed (48.047591, -122.150945);
Unnamed (48.048094, -122.159389); Weiser Creek (48.004603, -
122.127993); West Fork Quilceda Creek (48.114329, -122.192036); Wood
Creek (47.925014, -122.184669); Wood Creek (47.946568, -122.177043).
(10) Lake Washington 17110012--(i) Cedar River 1711001201.
Outlet(s) = Cedar River (Lat 47.500458, Long -122.215889); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Cedar River (47.419017, -121.781807); Hotel Creek
(47.412859, -121.910189); Madsen Creek (47.454959, -122.139271);
Molasses Creek (47.458236, -122.160236); North Rock Creek (47.398935, -
121.906887); Peterson Creek (47.421385, -122.071428); Rock Creek
(47.361425, -121.989528); Seventeen Creek (47.392916, -121.820937);
Steele Creek (47.41485, -121.820204); Taylor Creek (47.371712, -
121.827216); Webster Creek (47.415607, -121.919722); Williams Creek
(47.406308, -121.859432); Unnamed (47.412034, -122.005441); Unnamed
(47.397644, -122.015869); Walsh Lake Diversion Ditch (47.388412, -
121.983268).
(ii) [Reserved]
(11) Duwamish Subbasin 17110013--(i) Upper Green River Watershed
1711001301. Outlet(s) = Green River (Lat 47.147332, Long -121.337530);
Smay Creek (47.22558, -121.608029); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Friday
Creek (47.220272, -121.457068); Green Canyon (47.224794, -121.573207);
Intake Creek (47.205494, -121.400407); Lester Creek (47.201505, -
121.478166); Mccain Creek (47.209121, -121.530424); Sawmill Creek
(47.169396, -121.450398); Smay Creek (47.262876, -121.571182); Snow
Creek (47.267186, -121.414); Rock Creek (47.178042, -121.519565); Twin
Camp (47.172731, -121.380409); West Creek (47.261865, -121.413235);
West Fork Smay Creek (47.274569, -121.606566); Wolf Creek (47.21422, -
121.581762); Sunday Creek (47.258566, -121.367101); Tacoma Creek
(47.187342, -121.364175).
(ii) Middle Green River Watershed 1711001302. Outlet(s) = Green
River (Lat 47.288124, Long -121.97032); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Bear Creek (47.277192, -121.800206); Boundary Creek (47.274726, -
121.71933); Charley Creek (47.245104, -121.789334); Cougar Creek
(47.243692, -121.645414); Eagle Creek (47.304949, -121.723086); Gale
Creek (47.263433, -121.700312); Green River (47.222773, -121.608297);
North Fork Green River (47.284327, -121.665707); Piling Creek
(47.281819, -121.756524); Smay Creek (47.22558, -121.608029); Sylvester
Creek (47.245565, -121.654863).
(iii) Lower Green River Watershed 1711001303. Outlet(s) = Duwamish
Waterway (Lat 47.583483, Long -122.359684); Unnamed (47.588989, -
122.34426); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Big Soos Creek (47.372078, -
122.144432); Black River (47.417508, -122.185115); Burns Creek
(47.289464, -122.075333); Crisp Creek (47.294623, -122.055513); Cristy
Creek (47.27092, -122.017489); Green River (47.288124, -121.97032);
Jenkins Creek (47.37728, -122.080576); Little Soos Creek (47.378342, -
122.106081); Mill Creek (47.303262, -122.272491); Newaukum Creek
(47.225659, -121.906874);
[[Page 9303]]
Ravensdale Creek (47.33485, -122.02312); Rock Creek (47.310539, -
122.024859); Stonequarry Creek (47.244084, -121.932273); Unnamed
(47.220884, -122.023242); Unnamed (47.220892, -122.016139); Unnamed
(47.234075, -121.931801); Unnamed (47.325011, -122.200079); Unnamed
(47.335135, -122.154992); Unnamed (47.353478, -122.258274); Unnamed
(47.360321, -122.225589); Unnamed (47.374183, -122.103011); Unnamed
(47.389595, -122.225993).
(12) Puyallup Subbasin 17110014--(i) Upper White River Watershed
1711001401. Outlet(s) = Greenwater River (Lat 47.158517, Long -
121.659041); White River (47.158251, -121.659559); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: George Creek (47.099306, -121.472868); Greenwater River
(47.091025, -121.456044); Huckleberry Creek (47.053496, -121.616046);
Pyramid Creek (47.113047, -121.455762); Twentyeight Mile Creek
(47.060856, -121.511537); Unnamed (47.051445, -121.71716); Unnamed
(47.12065, -121.554216); Unnamed (47.134311, -121.583518); West Fork
White River (47.047717, -121.692719); Whistle Creek (47.118448, -
121.489277); White River (47.01416, -121.529457); Wrong Creek
(47.043096, -121.699618).
(ii) Lower White River Watershed 1711001402. Outlet(s) = White
River (Lat 47.200025, Long -122.255912); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Boise Creek (47.195608, -121.947967); Camp Creek (47.147051, -
121.703951); Canyon Creek (47.13331, -121.862029); Clearwater River
(47.084983, -121.783524); Greenwater River (47.158517, -121.659041);
Scatter Creek (47.162429, -121.87438); Unnamed (47.222955, -
122.097188); Unnamed (47.229087, -122.07162); Unnamed (47.233808, -
122.109926); Unnamed (47.245631, -122.058795); Unnamed (47.247135, -
122.22738); Unnamed (47.25371, -122.264826); Unnamed (47.261283, -
122.13136); Unnamed (47.268104, -122.25123); Unnamed (47.238173, -
122.223415); White River (47.158251, -121.659559).
(iii) Carbon River Watershed 1711001403. Outlet(s) = Carbon River
(Lat 47.123651, Long -122.229222); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Carbon
River (46.993075, -121.926834); Coplar Creek (47.072996, -122.167682);
Gale Creek (47.086262, -122.015047); Page Creek (47.12503, -
122.009401); South Fork South Prairie Creek (47.099283, -121.954505);
Unnamed (47.096464, -122.141219); Unnamed (47.097218, -122.145432);
Unnamed (47.141246, -122.058699); Voight Creek (47.077134, -
122.131266); Wilkeson Creek (47.089113, -122.011371).
(iv) Upper Puyallup River Watershed 1711001404. Outlet(s) = Carbon
River (Lat 47.130578, Long -122.232672); Puyallup River (47.130572, -
122.232719); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Carbon River (47.123651, -
122.229222); Fox Creek (47.012694, -122.183844); Kellog Creek
(46.913785, -122.083644); Le Dout Creek (46.935374, -122.054579);
Niesson Creek (46.88451, -122.032222); Ohop Creek (46.941896, -
122.222784); Puyallup River (46.904305, -122.03511); Unnamed
(46.901022, -122.053271); Unnamed (46.915301, -122.08532); Unnamed
(47.033738, -122.183585); Unnamed (47.072524, -122.217752); Unnamed
(47.077709, -122.21324).
(v) Lower Puyallup River Watershed 1711001405. Outlet(s) = Hylebos
Creek (Lat 47.260936, Long -122.360296); Puyallup River (47.262018, -
122.419738); Wapato Creek (47.254142, -122.376043); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Canyonfalls Creek (47.141497, -122.220946); Carbon
River (47.130578, -122.232672); Clarks Creek (47.175558, -122.318004);
Clarks Creek (47.214046, -122.341441); Fennel Creek (47.149294, -
122.186141); Hylebos Creek (47.268092, -122.304897); Puyallup River
(47.130572, -122.232719); Simons Creek (47.223614, -122.306576); Swam
Creek (47.198605, -122.392952); Unnamed (47.192643, -122.338319);
Unnamed (47.212642, -122.362772); Unnamed (47.284933, -122.328406);
West Hylebos Creek (47.28045, -122.319677); White River (47.200025, -
122.255912).
(13) Nisqually Subbasin 17110015--(i) Mashel/Ohop Watershed
1711001502. Outlet(s) = Lackamas Creek (Lat 46.8589, Long -122.488209);
Nisqually River (46.864078, -122.478318); Tobolton Creek (46.863143, -
122.480177); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Beaver Creek (46.858889, -
122.187968); Busy Wild Creek (46.797885, -122.041534); Little Mashel
River (46.850176, -122.27362); Lynch Creek (46.879792, -122.275113);
Mashel River (46.84805, -122.104803); Nisqually River (46.823001, -
122.30402); Ohop Valley Creek (46.924846, -122.260991); Powell Creek
(46.84388, -122.436634); Tanwax Creek (46.941782, -122.280108);
Tobolton Creek (46.823649, -122.48512); Twentyfive Mile Creek
(46.924778, -122.259359); Unnamed (46.832309, -122.528978); Unnamed
(46.907314, -122.261798).
(ii) Lowland Watershed 1711001503. Outlet(s) = Mcallister Creek
(Lat 47.086256, Long -122.72842); Nisqually River (47.098476, -
122.698813); Red Salmon Creek (47.096419, -122.687018); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Horn Creek (46.917907, -122.464722); Lacamas Creek
(46.974424, -122.477971); Lacamas Creek (47.008577, -122.53729);
Lackamas Creek (46.8589, -122.488209); Mcallister Creek (47.029715, -
122.724885); Muck Creek (47.024063, -122.333195); Murray Creek
(46.978923, -122.494325); Nisqually River (46.864078, -122.478318); Red
Salmon Creek (47.083089, -122.678869); South Creek (46.985228, -
122.287693); Thompson Creek (46.953803, -122.63521); Tobolton Creek
(46.863143, -122.480177); Unnamed (46.88276, -122.481929); Unnamed
(46.92337, -122.522371); Unnamed (46.999957, -122.652251); Unnamed
(47.034211, -122.674166); Unnamed (47.03749, -122.735619); Unnamed
(47.083824, -122.682663); Yelm Creek (46.947774, -122.606162).
(14) Deschutes 17110016--(i) Deschutes River-Lake Lawrence
1711001601. Outlet(s) = Deschutes River (Lat 46.858414, -122.703615);
upstream to endpoint(s) in: Deschutes River (46.803719, -122.41723);
Fall Creek (46.801851, -122.508518); Hull Creek (46.815628, -
122.551688); Johnson Creek (46.771083, -122.424056); Mitchell Creek
(46.764822, -122.520257); Pipeline Creek (46.815019, -122.557139);
Thurston Creek (46.787177, -122.426181); Unnamed (46.776798, -
122.456757); Unnamed (46.821012, -122.552051); Unnamed (46.825293, -
122.597406).
(ii) Deschutes River-Capitol Lake 1711001602. Outlet(s) = Deschutes
River (Lat 47.043613, Long -122.909102); upstream to endpoint(s) in:
Deschutes River (46.858414, -122.703615); Unnamed (46.883422, -
122.791346); Unnamed (46.885585, -122.765692); Unnamed (46.900133, -
122.761883); Unnamed (46.920776, -122.814054).
(15) Skokomish Subbasin 17110017--(i) Skokomish River Watershed
1711001701. Outlet(s) = Skokomish River (Lat 47.354102, Long -
123.113454); Unnamed (47.346915, -123.1288); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: Aristine Creek (47.339036, -123.330797); Brown Creek (47.426884, -
123.273846); Cedar Creek (47.438747, -123.412558); Church Creek
(47.460295, -123.455165); Fir Creek (47.336146, -123.302908); Frigid
Creek (47.378231, -123.241695); Gibbons Creek (47.401886, -123.237898);
Harp Creek (47.403646, -123.307961); Kirkland Creek
[[Page 9304]]
(47.31996, -123.290062); Le Bar Creek (47.42431, -123.321985);
Mctaggert Creek (47.415308, -123.249773); Mussel Shell Creek
(47.299392, -123.154163); North Fork Skokomish River (47.398124, -
123.201673); Pine Creek (47.443201, -123.429394); Purdy Canyon
(47.30192, -123.181551); Purdy Creek (47.304446, -123.188829); South
Fork Skokomish River (47.490355, -123.460444); Unnamed (47.307518, -
123.202431); Unnamed (47.309215, -123.151179); Unnamed (47.312777, -
123.250097); Unnamed (47.314724, -123.179082); Unnamed (47.315244, -
123.177395); Unnamed (47.317283, -123.233949); Unnamed (47.318056, -
123.168869); Unnamed (47.319036, -123.198978); Unnamed (47.320262, -
123.233188); Unnamed (47.321111, -123.168254); Unnamed (47.32192, -
123.307559); Unnamed (47.32264, -123.166947); Unnamed (47.324298, -
123.166032); Unnamed (47.32618, -123.165265); Unnamed (47.327954, -
123.1645); Unnamed (47.340589, -123.229732); Vance Creek (47.363339, -
123.37747); Weaver Creek (47.309516, -123.23971).
(ii) [Reserved]
(16) Hood Canal Subbasin 17110018--(i) Lower West Hood Canal
Frontal Watershed 1711001802. Outlet(s) = Eagle Creek (Lat 47.484737,
Long -123.077896); Finch Creek (47.406474, -123.13894); Fulton Creek
(47.618077, -122.974895); Jorsted Creek (47.526147, -123.050128);
Lilliwaup Creek (47.468701, -123.114852); Unnamed (47.457462, -
123.112951); Unnamed (47.570832, -123.01278); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: Eagle Creek (47.499033, -123.100927); Finch Creek (47.406575, -
123.145463); Fulton Creek (47.628033, -122.985435); Jorsted Creek
(47.52439, -123.066123); Lilliwaup Creek (47.470625, -123.116282);
Unnamed (47.459167, -123.133047); Unnamed (47.57275, -123.020786).
(ii) Hamma Hamma River Watershed 1711001803. Outlet(s) = Hamma
Hamma River (Lat 47.546939, Long -123.045218); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: Hamma Hamma River (47.560258, -123.066043); North Fork John Creek
(47.545766, -123.072377); South Fork John Creek (47.541154, -
123.07576).
(iii) Duckabush River Watershed 1711001804. Outlet(s) = Duckabush
River (Lat 47.650063, Long -122.936017); Unnamed (47.651985, -
122.935914); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Duckabush River (47.683876, -
123.069991); Unnamed (47.656559, -122.939617); Unnamed (47.658797, -
122.946881); Unnamed (47.664171, -122.958939); Unnamed (47.665164, -
122.971688).
(iv) Dosewallips River Watershed 1711001805. Outlet(s) =
Dosewallips River (Lat 47.687868, Long -122.895799); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Dosewallips River (47.728734, -123.112328); Gamm Creek
(47.740548, -123.064117); Rocky Brook (47.720965, -122.941729); Unnamed
(47.703663, -122.942585); Unnamed (47.718461, -123.001437).
(v) Big Quilcene River Watershed 1711001806. Outlet(s) = Big
Quilcene River (Lat 47.818629, Long -122.861797); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Big Quilcene River (47.81031, -122.91278); Unnamed
(47.844904, -122.934513).
(vi) Upper West Hood Canal Frontal Watershed 1711001807. Outlet(s)
= Donovan Creek (Lat 47.827622, Long -122.858429); Indian George Creek
(47.807881, -122.869227); Little Quilcene River (47.826459, -
122.862109); Spencer Creek (47.745578, -122.875483); Tarboo Creek
(47.860282, -122.813536); Thorndyke Creek (47.816713, -122.739675);
Unnamed (47.69516, -122.807343); Unnamed (47.742597, -122.767326);
Unnamed (47.780439, -122.865654); Unnamed (47.803054, -122.748043);
Unnamed (47.809788, -122.791892); Unnamed (47.827807, -122.696476);
Unnamed (47.870429, -122.693831); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Donovan
Creek (47.852344, -122.859015); Indian George Creek (47.806041, -
122.872191); Leland Creek (47.87993, -122.878552); Little Quilcene
River (47.87162, -122.920887); Spencer Creek (47.757649, -122.895277);
Tarboo Creek (47.917525, -122.825126); Unnamed (47.700468, -
122.804836); Unnamed (47.745248, -122.772127); Unnamed (47.780486, -
122.870015); Unnamed (47.817369, -122.763825); Unnamed (47.826301, -
122.786512); Unnamed (47.845809, -122.709645); Unnamed (47.847797, -
122.878694); Unnamed (47.857542, -122.837721); Unnamed (47.86785, -
122.773687); Unnamed (47.871141, -122.795142); Unnamed (47.886493, -
122.830585); Unnamed (47.888336, -122.801101); Unnamed (47.889882, -
122.698239).
(vii) West Kitsap Watershed 1711001808. Outlet(s) = Anderson Creek
(Lat 47.566784, Long -122.967625); Anderson Creek (47.665387, -
122.757767); Big Beef Creek (47.651916, -122.783607); Boyce Creek
(47.609223, -122.915305); Dewatto River (47.45363, -123.048642);
Mission Creek (47.430736, -122.872828); Seabeck Creek (47.63558, -
122.834296); Stavis Creek (47.625046, -122.872893); Tahuya River
(47.376565, -123.038419); Union River (47.44818, -122.838076); Unnamed
(47.453546, -123.048616); Unnamed (47.585137, -122.945064); Unnamed
(47.826269, -122.56367); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Anderson Creek
(47.660179, -122.756351); Bear Creek (47.498732, -122.811755); Big Beef
Creek (47.589887, -122.846319); Boyce Creek (47.609187, -122.914277);
Mission Creek (47.499061, -122.850487); Seabeck Creek (47.623835, -
122.838375); Stavis Creek (47.605496, -122.872936); Tin Mine Creek
(47.577069, -122.829158); Union River (47.527109, -122.785967); Unnamed
(47.416887, -122.999502); Unnamed (47.43499, -123.053793); Unnamed
(47.438227, -123.043285); Unnamed (47.451055, -123.016346); Unnamed
(47.451077, -122.914789); Unnamed (47.454548, -122.986648); Unnamed
(47.457926, -122.82675); Unnamed (47.459434, -122.841199); Unnamed
(47.461807, -122.986012); Unnamed (47.464136, -122.996728); Unnamed
(47.471436, -123.026462); Unnamed (47.472953, -122.853144); Unnamed
(47.473856, -122.98827); Unnamed (47.496903, -122.832756); Unnamed
(47.499811, -122.959843); Unnamed (47.513538, -122.976821); Unnamed
(47.518086, -122.944624); Unnamed (47.533867, -122.966128); Unnamed
(47.556351, -122.93869); Unnamed (47.578134, -122.831814); Unnamed
(47.578146, -122.944137); Unnamed (47.617962, -122.881294); Unnamed
(47.823731, -122.557569).
(17) Kitsap Subbasin 17110019--(i) Kennedy/Goldsborough Watershed
1711001900. Outlet(s) = Campbell Creek (Lat 47.222039, Long -
123.025109); Cranberry Creek (47.262433, -123.015892); Deer Creek
(47.259411, -123.009378); Goldsborough Creek (47.209541, -123.09519);
Kennedy Creek (47.096767, -123.085708); Johns Creek (47.246105, -
123.042959); Lynch Creek (47.152742, -123.052635); Malaney Creek
(47.25142, -123.0197); Mill Creek (47.195478, -122.996269); Perry Creek
(47.04923, -123.005168); Schneider Creek (47.091599, -123.075637);
Shelton Creek (47.213868, -123.095177); Sherwood Creek (47.375171, -
122.835464); Skookum Creek (47.127879, -123.088396); Uncle John Creek
(47.223441, -123.028998); Unnamed (47.138813, -123.076426); Unnamed
(47.348035, -123.073581); Unnamed (47.406636, -122.887438); Unnamed
(47.43145, -122.848454); Unnamed (47.378832, -122.974308); Unnamed
(47.382516, -122.948722); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Campbell Creek
(47.226397, -122.997893); Cranberry Creek (47.283615, -123.111755);
Deer
[[Page 9305]]
Creek (47.327279, -122.911546); Gosnell Creek (47.132634, -123.208108);
Johns Creek (47.252177, -123.129051); Kamilche Creek (47.109481, -
123.120016); Kennedy Creek (47.079184, -123.126612); Lynch Creek
(47.16124, -123.063246); Malaney Creek (47.248952, -123.011342); North
Fork Goldsborough Creek (47.226417, -123.221454); Perry Creek
(47.053893, -123.021482); Rock Creek (47.173241, -123.200765);
Schneider Creek (47.071686, -123.056453); Shelton Creek (47.22776, -
123.11259); Shumocher Creek (47.31782, -122.992107); South Fork
Goldsborough Creek (47.186447, -123.252006); Uncle John Creek
(47.230245, -123.028211); Unnamed (47.081522, -123.102753); Unnamed
(47.097705, -123.216015); Unnamed (47.100105, -123.216045); Unnamed
(47.1455, -123.081178); Unnamed (47.149979, -123.116498); Unnamed
(47.154715, -123.122654); Unnamed (47.182813, -123.154821); Unnamed
(47.183317, -122.993257); Unnamed (47.187858, -123.166457); Unnamed
(47.209485, -123.249564); Unnamed (47.223587, -122.981336); Unnamed
(47.225845, -123.243846); Unnamed (47.226397, -122.997893); Unnamed
(47.25604, -123.060758); Unnamed (47.293868, -123.03765); Unnamed
(47.322265, -122.993083); Unnamed (47.345989, -123.087997); Unnamed
(47.361619, -122.901294); Unnamed (47.36676, -122.866433); Unnamed
(47.37043, -122.975612); Unnamed (47.378331, -122.84611); Unnamed
(47.37179, -122.957923); Unnamed (47.385117, -122.898154); Unnamed
(47.41665, -122.847985).
(ii) Puget Sound 1711001901. Outlet(s) = Anderson Creek (Lat
47.527851, Long -122.683072); Barker Creek (47.637847, -122.670114);
Blackjack Creek (47.542244, -122.627229); Burley Creek (47.412304, -
122.631424); Chico Creek (47.602679, -122.705419); Clear Creek
(47.652349, -122.68632); Coulter Creek (47.406361, -122.819291);
Crescent Valley (47.345209, -122.583101); Crouch Creek (47.652147, -
122.62956); Curley Creek (47.523499, -122.546087); Gorst Creek
(47.527855, -122.697881); Illahe Creek (-122.595950, 47.610235);
Mccormick Creek (47.371692, -122.624236); Minter Creek (47.371035, -
122.702469); North Creek (47.337484, -122.592533); Olalla Creek
(47.425398, -122.551857); Purdy Creek (47.387232, -122.626582); Rocky
Creek (47.371062, -122.78137); Unnamed (47.538696, -122.65636); Unnamed
(47.645936, -122.69393); Unnamed (47.712429, -122.613727); Unnamed
(47.717886, -122.656445); Unnamed (47.750936, -122.649151); Unnamed
(47.770208, -122.559178); Unnamed (47.794724, -122.512034); upstream to
endpoint(s) in: Anderson Creek (47.505029, -122.69725); Barker Creek
(47.647598, -122.658222); Blackjack Creek (47.477097, -122.648962);
Burley Creek (47.477671, -122.616862); Clear Creek (47.685465, -
122.684758); Coulter Creek (47.44497, -122.768147); Crescent Valley
(47.387661, -122.573475); Crouch Creek (47.652949, -122.636766); Curley
Creek (47.470853, -122.591807); Dickerson Creek (47.574216, -
122.730548); Gorst Creek (47.517739, -122.743902); Heins Creek
(47.532474, -122.719281); Huge Creek (47.416967, -122.697785); Illahe
Creek (-122.610219, 47.608727); Kitsap Creek (47.565562, -122.705833);
Lost Creek (47.580058, -122.772143); Mccormick Creek (47.360692, -
122.616179); Minter Creek (47.417427, -122.68133); North Creek
(47.345176, -122.602062); Olalla Creek (47.458804, -122.575015); Parish
Creek (47.525007, -122.715043); Purdy Creek (47.424097, -122.601949);
Rocky Creek (47.406815, -122.784426); Salmonberry Creek (47.521201, -
122.583691); Unnamed (47.375417, -122.764465); Unnamed (47.407431, -
122.816273); Unnamed (47.458461, -122.654176); Unnamed (47.461146, -
122.658942); Unnamed (47.508334, -122.678469); Unnamed (47.647488, -
122.631401); Unnamed (47.652615, -122.705727); Unnamed (47.655222, -
122.70488); Unnamed (47.656966, -122.63518); Unnamed (47.669431, -
122.688117); Unnamed (47.717933, -122.672648); Unnamed (47.718897, -
122.613062); Unnamed (47.760942, -122.618495); Unnamed (47.763767, -
122.637787); Unnamed (47.809222, -122.537334); Unnamed (47.80967, -
122.532478); Unnamed (47.583852, -122.799196); Unnamed (47.386707, -
122.68788); Unnamed (47.772157, -122.560033); Unnamed (47.772641, -
122.555341); Unnamed (47.796516, -122.513062); Unnamed (47.689613, -
122.537011); Wildcat Creek (47.601646, -122.774958).
(iii) Woodland Creek-McLane Creek Frontal 1711001902. Outlet(s) =
McLane Creek (Lat 47.03475, Long -122.990395); Unnamed (47.095699, -
122.94549); Woodard Creek (47.120914, -122.861775); Woodland Creek
(47.092725, -122.823614); upstream to endpoint(s) in: McLane Creek
(47.001481, -123.009329); Swift Creek (47.031622, -123.008267); Unnamed
(47.028842, -122.985445); Unnamed (47.060468, -122.964496); Unnamed
(47.071776, -122.827649); Woodard Creek (47.040784, -122.853709);
Woodland Creek (47.034018, -122.781534);
(iv) Puget Sound-East Passage 1711001904. Outlet(s) = Christensen
Creek (Lat 47.403038, Long -122.51902); Judd Creek (47.402315, -
122.467989); Lunds Gulch (47.859951, -122.334873); Shingle Mill Creek
(47.480286, -122.482557); Unnamed (47.646085, -122.567546); Unnamed
(47.694552, -122.536480); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Judd Creek
(47.416852, -122.47661); Lunds Gulch (47.859132, -122.327183); Shingle
Mill Creek (47.467927, -122.474433); Unnamed (47.40206, -122.512865);
Unnamed (47.641478, -122.566998); Unnamed (47.689613, -122.537011).
(v) Chambers Creek 1711001906. Outlet(s) = Chambers Creek (Lat
47.186966, Long -122.583739); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Chambers
Creek (47.155756, -122.527739); Clover Creek (47.136455, -122.433679);
Clover Creek (47.155756, -122.527739); Flett Creek (47.179364, -
122.497762); Leach Creek (47.209364, -122.512372); Ponce De Leon Creek
(47.162148, -122.52888).
(vi) Port Ludlow Creek-Chimacum Creek 1711001908. Outlet(s) =
Chimacum Creek (Lat 48.050532, Long -122.784429); Unnamed (47.917613, -
122.703872); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Unnamed (47.918337, -
122.709325); Unnamed (47.927687, -122.805588); Unnamed (47.947673, -
122.850871); Unnamed (47.954906, -122.7614); Unnamed (47.986329, -
122.80519).
(18) Dungeness-Elwha Subbasin 17110020--(i) Discovery Bay Watershed
1711002001. Outlet(s) = Contractors Creek (Lat 48.04559, Long -
122.874989); Salmon Creek (47.989306, -122.889155); Snow Creek
(47.989848, -122.88472); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Andrews Creek
(47.916408, -122.900812); Contractors Creek (48.041198, -122.879974);
Salmon Creek (47.968169, -122.963869); Snow Creek (47.935356, -
122.943211).
(ii) Sequim Bay Watershed 1711002002. Outlet(s) = Bell Creek (Lat
48.083191, Long -123.052803); Jimmycomelately Creek (48.023348, -
123.005179); Johnson Creek (48.062731, -123.040899); Unnamed
(48.028495, -122.996498); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Bell Creek
(48.062921, -123.103118); Jimmycomelately Creek (47.991106, -
123.012853); Johnson Creek (48.054282, -123.060541); Unnamed (47.98473,
-123.004078);
[[Page 9306]]
Unnamed (48.028602, -122.994476); Unnamed (48.077698, -123.085489).
(iii) Dungeness River Watershed 1711002003. Outlet(s) = Cassalery
Creek (Lat 48.134645, Long -123.096671); Dungeness River (48.150413, -
123.132404); Gierin Creek (48.115086, -123.060063); Unnamed (48.137866,
-123.101098); Unnamed (48.153473, -123.12799); upstream to endpoint(s)
in: Bear Creek (48.05479, -123.159906); Canyon Creek (48.022505, -
123.141514); Cassalery Creek (48.105307, -123.121002); Dungeness River
(47.938446, -123.089756); Gierin Creek (48.091597, -123.095521); Gold
Creek (47.941297, -123.086086); Gray Wolf River (47.916035, -
123.242895); Matriotti Creek (48.068168, -123.193047); Unnamed
(48.065991, -123.17376); Unnamed (48.06625, -123.169857); Unnamed
(48.068168, -123.193047); Unnamed (48.068308, -123.193024); Unnamed
(48.090644, -123.191398); Unnamed (48.106277, -123.076132); Unnamed
(48.107219, -123.187879); Unnamed (48.112875, -123.160292); Unnamed
(48.116253, -123.157937); Unnamed (48.116481, -123.141572); Unnamed
(48.118304, -123.078321); Unnamed (48.124002, -123.143503); Unnamed
(48.127704, -123.111613); Unnamed (48.12912, -123.148566); Unnamed
(48.130335, -123.127456).
(iv) Port Angeles Harbor Watershed 1711002004. Outlet(s) = Bagley
Creek (Lat 48.114035, Long -123.340599); Dry Creek (48.134316, -
123.520821); Ennis Creek (48.117472, -123.405373); Lees Creek
(48.114686, -123.388339); McDonald Creek (48.125382, -123.220649);
Morse Creek (48.117713, -123.351674); Siebert Creek (48.120481, -
123.289579); Tumwater Creek (48.124386, -123.445396); Valley Creek
(48.122912, -123.437893); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Bagley Creek
(48.057013, -123.319844); Dry Creek (48.123255, -123.520058); East Fork
Lees Creek (48.075209, -123.37549); East Fork Siebert Creek (48.02011,
-123.287767); Ennis Creek (48.052991, -123.411534); Lees Creek
(48.078066, -123.394993); McDonald Creek (48.017887, -123.232576);
Morse Creek (48.061048, -123.349345); Pederson Creek (48.026991, -
123.253803); Tumwater Creek (48.092665, -123.4702); Unnamed (48.0143, -
123.260326); Unnamed (48.030295, -123.301668); Valley Creek (48.106808,
-123.451781); West Fork Siebert Creek (48.000634, -123.304205).
(v) Elwha River Watershed 1711002007. Outlet(s) = Elwha River (Lat
48.146456, Long -123.568438); upstream to endpoint(s) in: Elwha River
(47.742466, -123.54088); Unnamed (48.13353, -123.557816); Unnamed
(48.143336, -123.555008); Indian Creek (48.07806, -123.725186); Little
River (48.05994, -123.520805).
(19) Maps of proposed critical habitat for the Puget Sound
steelhead DPS follow:
[[Page 9307]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.011
[[Page 9308]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.012
[[Page 9309]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.013
[[Page 9310]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.014
[[Page 9311]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.015
[[Page 9312]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.016
[[Page 9313]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.017
[[Page 9314]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.018
[[Page 9315]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.019
[[Page 9316]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.020
[[Page 9317]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.021
[[Page 9318]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.022
[[Page 9319]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.023
[[Page 9320]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.024
[[Page 9321]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.025
[[Page 9322]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.026
[[Page 9323]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.027
[[Page 9324]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.028
[[Page 9325]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE16.029
[FR Doc. 2016-03409 Filed 2-23-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-C