[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 32 (Thursday, February 18, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 8247-8251]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-03361]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

Drug Enforcement Administration

[Docket No. 15-1]


Arvinder Singh, M.D.; Decision and Order

    On October 16, 2014, the Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office of 
Diversion Control, issued an Order to Show Cause to Arvinder Singh, 
M.D. (Respondent), of Clifton Park, New York. ALJ Ex. 1. The Show Cause 
Order proposed the denial of Respondent's application for a DEA 
Certificate of Registration as a practitioner on three grounds.
    First, the Show Cause Order alleged that on August 4, 2003, 
Respondent, following a jury trial, was convicted on 16 counts of 
health care fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. 1347, one count of 
conspiracy to distribute controlled substances in violation of 21 
U.S.C. 846, and 24 counts of unlawful distribution of controlled 
substances in violations of 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1) and 18 U.S.C. 2. Id. at 
1-2. (citing 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(2)).
    Second, the Show Cause Order alleged that Respondent's convictions 
for violating the Controlled Substances Act ``were based on a scheme in 
which [he] left pre-signed but otherwise blank prescriptions for [his] 
nursing staff to fill in and issue Schedule II controlled substances 
prescriptions to patients when neither [he] nor any other physician saw 
the patient at the time such prescriptions were issued.'' Id. at 2. The 
Show Cause Order alleged that Respondent's scheme also violated 21 CFR 
1306.04(a) and 1306.05(a), and that this conduct constituted acts 
inconsistent with the public interest. Id. (citing 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(4) 
and 823(f)).
    Third, the Show Cause Order alleged that on May 8, 2004, the U.S. 
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) excluded Respondent from 
participation in federal health care programs for a period of 15 years 
based on his convictions for Health Care Fraud and for violating the 
Controlled Substances Act. Id. The Government further alleged that 
because ``the amount of the financial loss'' was in excess of $5,000; 
the time period of Respondent's illegal activity exceeded more than one 
year; and Respondent had been convicted of the CSA violations; HHS 
imposed a 15-year exclusion, which was three times the minimum 
exclusion period. Id. (citing 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5)).
    Following service of the Show Cause Order, Respondent requested a 
hearing on the allegations. The matter was placed on the docket of the 
Office of Administrative Law Judges and assigned to Chief 
Administrative Law Judge (hereinafter, CALJ) John J. Mulrooney, II. 
Following pre-hearing procedures, the CALJ conducted a hearing at which 
both parties introduced documentary evidence and called witnesses to 
testify. Thereafter, both parties submitted briefs containing their 
proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law, and arguments regarding 
the ultimate disposition of this matter.
    On February 10, 2015, the CALJ issued his Recommended Decision. 
Therein, the CALJ found that the Government had established a prima 
facie case to deny Respondent's application for registration as a 
practitioner on multiple grounds.\1\ R.D. at 37.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 823(f), ``[t]he Attorney General may 
deny an application for [a practitioner's] registration . . . if 
[she] determines that the issuance of such registration . . . would 
be inconsistent with the public interest.'' In making this 
determination, section 823(f) directs the Agency to consider the 
following factors:
    (1) The recommendation of the appropriate State licensing board 
or professional disciplinary authority.
    (2) The applicant's experience in dispensing . . . controlled 
substances.
    (3) The applicant's conviction record under Federal or State 
laws relating to the manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of 
controlled substances.
    (4) Compliance with applicable State, Federal, or local laws 
relating to controlled substances.
    (5) Such other conduct which may threaten the public health and 
safety.
    Id. Sec.  823(f).
    ``These factors are . . . considered in the disjunctive.'' 
Robert A. Leslie, M.D., 68 FR 15227, 15230 (2003). I ``may rely on 
any one or a combination of factors[,] and may give each factor the 
weight [I] deem[ ] appropriate in determining whether a registration 
should be revoked. Id.; see also MacKay v. DEA, 664 F.3d 808, 816 
(10th Cir. 2011); Volkman v. DEA, 567 F.3d 215, 222 (6th Cir. 2009); 
Hoxie v. DEA, 419 F.3d 477, 482 (6th Cir. 2005). Moreover, while I 
am required to consider each of the factors, I ``need not make 
explicit findings as to each one.'' MacKay, 664 F.3d at 816 (quoting 
Volkman, 567 F.3d at 222 (quoting Hoxie, 419 F.3d at 482)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    These included that Respondent had been convicted of twenty-four 
counts of

[[Page 8248]]

violating 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1) in that he unlawfully caused and aided 
and abetted the illegal distribution of schedule II controlled 
substances by providing pre-signed but otherwise blank prescriptions to 
nurses who worked for him, who filled in the prescriptions with the 
name of the patient, the name of the drug, the quantity and dosing 
instructions, and provided the prescriptions to the patients, 
notwithstanding that the nurses were not legally authorized to dispense 
controlled substance prescriptions and Respondent did not see the 
patients. R.D. at 32-33. As discussed in the Recommended Decision, this 
conduct implicated three of the public interest factors and supports 
the conclusion that granting Respondent's application ``would be 
inconsistent with the public interest.'' 21 U.S.C. 823(f); see also 
R.D. at 32-37; \2\ 21 CFR 1306.05(a) (``All prescriptions for 
controlled substances shall be dated as of, and signed on, the day when 
issued and shall bear the full name and address of the patient, the 
drug name, strength, dosage form, quantity prescribed, directions for 
use, and the name, address and registration number of the 
practitioner.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ See R.D. at 32-33 (discussing application of factor three--
``the applicant's conviction record under Federal . . . laws 
relating to the . . . distribution[ ] or dispensing of controlled 
substances.''); id. at 33-36 (discussing application of factor two--
``[t]he applicant's experience in dispensing . . . controlled 
substances''--and factor four--``[c]ompliance with applicable laws . 
. . related to controlled substances'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to the above, the evidence also shows that Respondent 
``has been excluded . . . from participation in'' federal health care 
programs pursuant to the mandatory exclusion provisions of 42 U.S.C. 
1320a-7(a). See 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5) (``[a] registration pursuant to 
section 823 of this title to . . . dispense a controlled substance . . 
. may be suspended or revoked by the Attorney General upon a finding 
that the registrant . . . has been excluded (or directed to be 
excluded) from participation in a program pursuant to section 1320a-
7(a) of Title 42'').\3\ More specifically, the evidence shows that on 
May 28, 2004, the Office of Inspector General, Department of Health and 
Human Services, excluded Respondent ``from participat[ing] in the 
Medicare, Medicaid, and all Federal health care programs . . . for a 
minimum period of 15 years.'' GX 6. The exclusion was based on 
Respondent's convictions ``of criminal offense[s] related to'': (1) 
``the delivery of an item or service under the Medicare program''; (2) 
``fraud, theft, embezzlement, breach of fiduciary responsibility, or 
other financial misconduct in connection with the delivery of a health 
care item or service or any act or omission in a health care program 
operated or financed by any Federal, State, or local government 
agency''; and (3) ``the unlawful manufacture, distribution, 
prescription or dispensing of a controlled substance.'' Id. (citing 42 
U.S.C. 1320a-7(a)(1), (3), (4)). As the ALJ found, these convictions 
fall within the mandatory exclusion provisions of 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ Notwithstanding that 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5) addresses the 
Agency's authority to suspend or revoke a registration upon a 
finding that a registrant has been excluded from participation in 
federal health care programs under the mandatory exclusion 
provisions of 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a), DEA `` `has consistently held 
that where a registration can be revoked under section 824, it can, 
a fortiori, be denied under section 823 since the law would not 
require an agency to indulge in the useless act of granting a 
license on one day only to withdraw it on the next.' '' Kwan Bo Jin, 
77 FR 35021, 35021 n.2 (2012) (quoting Serling Drug Co. v. Detroit 
Prescription Wholesaler, Inc., 40 FR 11918, 11919 (1975)). See also 
John R. Amato, 40 FR 22852 (1975) (Denying application where 
practitioner's state license had been revoked, holding that section 
823(f) ``must logically give the Administrator the authority to deny 
a registration if the practitioner is not authorized by the State to 
dispense controlled substances. . . . To hold otherwise would mean 
that all applications would have to be granted only to be revoked 
the next day under 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(3). This [A]gency has 
consistently held that where a registration can be revoked under 
section 824, it can, a fortiori, be denied under section 823.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Turning to whether Respondent had produced sufficient evidence to 
rebut the Government's prima facie case, the CALJ found that 
``Respondent continues to dispute the nature of the criminal charges 
and their severity.'' R.D. 38. The CALJ further found that ``instead of 
accepting responsibility for the crimes for which he was convicted, he 
has emphasized isolated excerpts from orders and transcripts where he 
perceives he has been `exonerated,' and/or occasions when DEA or the 
state licensing agency `had no problems' with him.'' Id. (citations 
omitted). Continuing, the CALJ explained that ``[t]he Respondent has 
not accepted responsibility for his actions, persuasively expressed 
remorse for his conduct, or presented evidence that could reasonably 
support a finding that the Administrator should entrust him with a 
registration.'' Id.
    The CALJ also found that Respondent's misconduct was egregious and 
``militates persuasively in favor of denial of his application.'' Id. 
at 39. On the other hand, because Respondent's misconduct ``ended 
nearly fifteen years earlier'' and he ``has paid his debt to society,'' 
the CALJ found that granting his application would not ``adversely 
impact compliance expectations on the regulated community in a 
significant way,'' and thus, the Agency's interest in ``general 
deterrence should not, standing alone, constitute an insurmountable 
impediment to granting'' his application. Id.
    However, the CALJ then found that ``[t]he issue of specific 
deterrence . . . is a dramatically different issue.'' Id. The CALJ 
explained that ``virtually every documentary, testimonial, and 
argumentative contribution made by the Respondent in these proceedings 
makes it overwhelmingly clear that he does not believe he was mistaken 
in any way.'' Id. The CALJ thus concluded that ``until . . . Respondent 
can convincingly show he accepts the authority of the law and those 
bodies charged with enforcing it and regulating his activities, 
granting him a DEA registration will gravely endanger the public.'' Id. 
at 40. The CALJ thus recommended that Respondent's application be 
denied. Id.
    Respondent filed Exceptions to the Recommended Decision and the 
Government filed a response to Respondent's Exceptions. Thereafter, the 
record was forwarded to my Office for Final Agency Action.
    Having considered the record in its entirety (including 
Respondent's Exceptions), I adopt the CALJ's findings of fact and 
conclusions of law to the extent they are discussed herein. Because I 
agree with the CALJ's ultimate findings that: (1) Multiple grounds 
exist to deny Respondent's application, (2) Respondent has failed to 
adequately acknowledge his misconduct, (3) Respondent's misconduct was 
egregious, and (4) the Agency's interest in specific deterrence 
supports the denial of his application, I will adopt the CALJ's 
recommendation that I deny Respondent's application. A discussion of 
Respondent's Exceptions follows.
    Invoking Gonzales v. Oregon, 546 U.S. 243 (2006), Respondent's 
first contention is that ``the [A]gency has relied on factors which 
Congress has not intended it to consider.'' Exceptions, at 1. Fleshing 
out his argument, Respondent contends that during the hearing, ``[t]he 
Government has not shown a single case of [d]iversion.'' Id. at 2. He 
argues that the Government ``failed to even scratch the surface of the 
case where it is apparent that billing issues were criminalized through 
the use of [the] CSA despite no evidence of [d]iversion or [p]ublic 
[s]afety [i]ssues, by creating a [sic] interpretive rule, as in 
Gonzales'' and that ``Congress does not allow DEA to use its policing 
power to regulate Medical Practices or make its own rules to prosecute 
doctors.'' Id.

[[Page 8249]]

    Gonzales, however, offers no comfort to Respondent because here, 
the Government's case is based on his convictions for aiding and 
abetting violations of a duly enacted statute--21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1).\4\ 
Moreover, while most prosecutions under 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1) are based 
on allegations of drug dealing, the statute encompasses any knowing or 
intentional distribution or dispensing of a controlled substance, 
``[e]xcept as authorized by'' the Controlled Substances Act. 21 U.S.C. 
841(a)(1). As the Court of Appeals explained in affirming his 
convictions:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ In discussing Respondent's conviction record for the 
unlawful distribution of controlled substances under factor three, 
the Recommended Decision refers to 18 U.S.C. 841(a)(1) in several 
places. See R.D. 32. The correct provision is 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1).

[n]urses are not authorized by law to write [Schedule II controlled 
substance] prescriptions, which must be written in triplicate by 
licensed physicians only.\5\ [Respondent] developed a scheme that 
enabled nurses to see patients alone, to issue prescriptions for 
Schedule II [c]ontrolled [s]ubstances, and to bill for such 
services. He and the other physicians would pre-sign the triplicate 
forms and provide them to non-physician personnel to use during 
patient visits. These employees, although not trained or legally 
authorized to do so, filled in all the required prescription 
information--drug type, dosage, and quantity--and provided the 
prescriptions to the patients.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ The CSA leaves to state law the determination of the classes 
of health care providers that are authorized to prescribe controlled 
substances. See 21 U.S.C. 823(f) (``The Attorney General shall 
register [a] practitioner[ ] . . . to dispense . . . controlled 
substances . . . if the applicant is authorized to dispense . . . 
controlled substances under the laws of the State in which he 
practices.''); id. Sec.  802(21) (``The term `practitioner' means a 
physician, dentist, veterinarian . . . or other person licensed, 
registered, or otherwise permitted, by the United States or the 
jurisdiction in which he practices . . . to dispense . . . a 
controlled substance in the course of professional practice. . . 
.''). See also 21 CFR 1306.03(a) (``A prescription for a controlled 
substance may be issued only by an individual practitioner who is . 
. . [a]uthorized to prescribe controlled substances by the 
jurisdiction in which he is licensed to practice his profession and 
. . . [e]ither registered or exempted from registration . . . .'').

United States v. Singh, 390 F.3d 168, 176 (2d Cir. 2004). Indeed, the 
Court of Appeals noted that ``[d]ata extracted from Singh's office 
records revealed that the nurses issued prescriptions for at least 
76,000 tablets of Schedule II Controlled Substances when Singh was not 
present in the Practice suite.'' Id.
    Contrary to Respondent's contention, the Government was not 
required to show that any of the drugs obtained through these 
prescriptions were diverted. See Exceptions, at 2. As the Supreme Court 
recognized in Gonzales, one of the purposes of the CSA's prescription 
regulation (21 CFR 1306.04(a)) is to ``ensure[ ] patients use 
controlled substances under the supervision of a doctor so as to 
prevent addiction and recreational abuse.'' 546 U.S. at 274. 
Respondent's nurses lacked the necessary training in medicine to 
properly supervise his patients and to determine whether additional 
prescriptions were warranted. Thus, by providing his nurses with pre-
signed and otherwise blank prescriptions, Respondent's conduct created 
a substantial risk that the drugs would be diverted and abused. 
Moreover, as Respondent did not see the patients on those occasions 
when his nurses provided the prescriptions to the patients, he has no 
idea whether any of the drugs were abused or diverted. Yet, as the CALJ 
found, Respondent still does not understand this. R.D. 37-38.
    Respondent also argues ``that billing issues were criminalized 
through the use of [the] CSA despite no evidence of Diversion or Public 
Safety Issues.'' Exceptions, at 2. However, in affirming his 
convictions for health care fraud, see 18 U.S.C. 1347, the Second 
Circuit reviewed the sufficiency of the evidence presented at trial and 
found that there were numerous instances in which Respondent billed for 
office visits as if he had seen the patients when, in fact, the 
patients were seen only by his nurses. See Singh, 390 F.3d at 187-89. 
Not only are Respondent's convictions res judicata, the crime of health 
care fraud does not require proof of either diversion or public safety 
issues. See 18 U.S.C. 1347(a).
    Respondent further argues that the CALJ ignored substantial 
evidence in concluding that he failed to acknowledge his misconduct. 
Exceptions, at 3. Respondent argues that:

    I admitted right from the start in 1999 that I made the mistake 
of leaving Pre-Signed Prescriptions for legitimate patients of the 
practice with treatment plan spelled [out] in the chart, and not for 
Diversion. I never tried to trivialize it. . . . I admitted to the 
truth. The Agency wants me to admit Diversion (drug trafficking) 
when there was none.

Id.

    My review of the record finds no instance of the Agency attempting 
to elicit from Respondent an admission that he engaged in drug 
trafficking. What the record does show, however, is that Respondent 
still fails to acknowledge the risk of diversion created by his 
practice of providing pre-signed but otherwise blank prescriptions to 
his nurses and authorizing them to issue the prescriptions to the 
patients he did not see.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ At one point, Respondent testified ``that there was no 
medical safety issue. And, yes, as you [the CALJ] now present it to 
me--and I apologize for that. This prescription could have been 
diverted, yes. There is no doubt about that.'' Tr. 269. However, on 
further questioning by the CALJ as to whether pre-signing the 
prescriptions was a safety issue, Respondent testified: ``No. 
Safety, I also--no, I didn't mean no safety issue with blank 
prescription, no, not at all.'' Id. Respondent then explained that 
``[t]here was no public safety [issue] in the sense that there was 
no issue that patient could be harmed. I was thinking entirely 
differently.'' Id.
    The CALJ then asked: ``[s]o there was no safety issue with some 
patient who you didn't know was going to get the prescription, with 
whatever drugs that were written on it that you didn't know, . . . 
there was no way in your view that any of those patients could be 
harmed?'' Tr. 269-70. Respondent answered: ``They were following my 
previous protocol.'' Id. at 270.
     Later, the CALJ asked: ``[s]he [the Nurse] was exercising her 
judgment for patients that you didn't know for medications that you 
had no idea because you signed them?'' Id. at 278. Respondent 
answered: ``I knew the patients Your Honor. I knew the patients were 
coming in.'' Id. In response, the CALJ asked: ``Back to that 
again?'' Id. Respondent answered: ``No. I get back, yes, Your Honor. 
I apologize. I fully agree that, yes, it could be a great hazard. It 
could have been a great hazard.'' Id.
     In response, the CALJ stated: ``I know those are your words, 
but they're not very convincing the way that you say it. I must say 
that your tenor, it's not very convincing that you think that.'' Id. 
I find no reason to reject the CALJ's assessment of Respondent's 
demeanor and the credibility of his testimony. See Universal Camera, 
340 U.S. at 496.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Moreover, at the hearing, Respondent continued to dispute the 
extent of his misconduct in pre-signing prescriptions. Respondent 
testified that he engaged in this practice only after November 25, 
1997, when another physician suddenly left his practice, and ``I left a 
few, you know, eight or 10 prescriptions pre[-]signed without any 
patient name.'' Tr. 250. The CALJ then asked Respondent: ``So your 
testimony is that there were--in the entire practice that you had there 
were only eight to 10 times that you pre[-]signed prescriptions?'' Id. 
Respondent answered: ``That's right, Your Honor.'' Id.
    The CALJ again asked: ``And that's your testimony under oath?'' Id. 
at 250-51. Respondent answered: ``Yes, that's my testimony under oath. 
And all other prescriptions nurses handed were pre[-]filled and then 
handed to the patient. Even if I was not there they can give that 
because after that we learned our lesson. We cannot do this.'' Id. at 
251.
    After Respondent asserted that the difference between pre-signed 
and pre-filled prescriptions was that the former did not have a 
patient's name, the CALJ again asked: ``So . . . it's your recollection 
that there were only eight to 10 times that this occurred?'' Id.

[[Page 8250]]

Respondent answered: ``That's correct, Your Honor.'' Id. Following up, 
the CALJ asked: ``there were only eight to 10 total pre[-]signed 
prescriptions that you ever made in your life?'' Id. After Respondent 
ascertained that the CALJ meant that the prescriptions had been signed 
but otherwise ``left blank,'' Respondent answered ``[y]es.'' Id. 252.
    The evidence further shows that on December 2, 1997, Investigators 
from the New York State Bureau of Controlled Substances went to his 
office at Albany Memorial Hospital and found six blank pre-signed 
prescriptions in the possession of his nurse. RX 12, at 2. At the 
hearing, Respondent testified that ``[a]fter the investigation, we 
stopped doing that.'' \7\ Tr. 398. Yet later in his testimony, 
Respondent testified that this practice continued until some 
unspecified date in February 1998, when he hired another doctor for the 
practice, id. at 405-6, before returning to his original story and 
asserting that he had provided pre-signed prescriptions only on 
December 2, 1997 and had ``stopped that right away'' after the State's 
Investigator had come to his office. Id. at 411-12.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ According to the Investigator's Report, Respondent's wife 
was present at his Albany office and ``called his attorney, who 
showed up at the office within minutes'' but ``would not allow the 
[Investigator] to make photocopies of those blanks on'' that date. 
RX 12, at 2. (The pre-signed prescriptions were, however, 
surrendered several days later. Id.) I therefore find that 
Respondent was aware of the investigation on December 2, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Respondent, however, was convicted of twenty-four counts of causing 
an act to be done and aiding and abetting the unlawful distribution of 
schedule II controlled substances based on his having provided pre-
signed but otherwise blank prescriptions to his employees. See GX 2, at 
21-24 (Superseding Indictment); GX 5, at 1 (District Court's Judgment). 
Moreover, Respondent was convicted of having committed this offense 
beginning as early as November 25, 1996, and was convicted of nineteen 
such offenses before November 25, 1997, the date on which his 
physician-employee quit the practice. See GX 2, at 21-24; GX 5, at 1.
    As for his testimony that he stopped providing pre-signed 
prescriptions after becoming aware of the investigation, Respondent was 
convicted of having committed the offense on five occasions in January 
1998, more than a month after he became aware of the investigation. See 
GX 2, at 23-24; GX 5, at 1. Moreover, the Court of Appeals found that 
on July 27, 1999--nearly 18 months after the visit by the State 
Investigator--federal agents executed search warrants at Respondent's 
offices in Albany and Port Chester, as well as his home, and found 
still more pre-signed prescriptions. See 390 F.3d at 178.
    Likewise, with respect to his convictions for health care fraud, 
Respondent asserted that there were only 15 or 20 times when he billed 
an office visit as if he had seen the patient when the patient had only 
been seen by a nurse. Id. at 254. While Respondent admitted that ``the 
billing mistake was actually a big mistake'' and ``was stupid of me,'' 
id. at 255, here too, he attempted to minimize his misconduct 
asserting, in essence, that he was confused because ``in some states . 
. . if [the] doctor has set a plan, the nurse can do it as to this 
doctor's plan, [and the visit] can be billed under [the] doctor.'' Id. 
at 257. Unexplained is why, if Respondent had overbilled only 15 to 20 
times, the District Court ordered him to pay more than $227,000 in 
restitution to approximately 250 payees.\8\ See GX 5, at 7-13. The 
amount of the restitution he was ordered to pay likewise refutes his 
assertion that the overbilling was not motivated by money. See Tr. 262 
(Respondent's testimony denying that the overbilling was financially 
motivated).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ Of further note, the Court of Appeals also rejected 
Respondent's challenge to his convictions for health care fraud, 
explaining that his ``contention that the billing codes and rules 
were sufficiently ambiguous to preclude a finding of fraudulent 
intent on his part is belied by the evidence. There are in fact no 
ambiguities in the billing requirements.'' 390 F.3d at 187. See also 
id. at 187-88 (``Nor could a rational jury find ambiguities 
sufficient to negate fraudulent intent . . . in the Medicare rules 
that allow billing for services performed by registered nurses when 
those services are `incident to' a physician's services. The 
requirements for `incident to' billing are that the physician must 
be present in the office suite and available to provide assistance. 
This requirement is plain enough, and there is ample proof that 
Singh did not comply with it.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, Respondent argues that the CALJ improperly ignored the 
State's recommendation; he also provides a laundry list of exhibits 
that he believes the CALJ ignored. As for the decision of the Peer 
Committee of the New York State Department of Education Committee in 
the Professions, the State has not made a recommendation to the Agency 
as to whether to grant a new registration to Respondent. While the 
State's decision to issue Respondent a new medical license establishes 
that he again holds authority under state law to dispense controlled 
substances and thereby satisfies the CSA's prerequisite for obtaining a 
practitioner's registration, this ``Agency has long held that `the 
Controlled Substances Act requires that the Administrator . . . make an 
independent determination [from that made by state officials] as to 
whether the granting of controlled substance privileges would be in the 
public interest.' '' David A. Ruben, 78 FR 38363, 38379 n.35 (2013) 
(quoting Mortimer Levin, 57 FR 8680, 8681 (1992)).
    Notably, under New York law, ``an applicant . . . does not have to 
admit past wrongdoing the applicant does not believe he committed . . . 
in order to be readmitted to his profession.'' GX 9F, at 12 (citation 
omitted). To be sure, in exercising its sovereign power to regulate the 
medical profession, the State of New York may follow this policy. See 
Ruben, 78FR at 38837 n.53. However, DEA is charged with protecting the 
public interest, see 21 U.S.C. 823(f), and based on the threat to 
public health and safety caused by intentional and knowing misconduct 
involving controlled substances, it is fully within DEA's authority to 
require an applicant for registration to acknowledge the full extent of 
his misconduct which has been proven on the record of the proceeding. 
See MacKay v. DEA, 664 F.3d 808, 821 (10th Cir. 2011) (discussing Jayam 
Krishna-Iyer, 74 FR 459, 462 (2009)). And while both MacKay and 
Krishna-Iyer involved practitioners who engaged in intentional 
diversion (i.e., drug trafficking), the same consideration applies 
here, where, even though there is no evidence that the drugs the 
patients obtained using the pre-signed prescriptions were diverted, 
Respondent engaged in intentional or knowing misconduct which created a 
substantial risk of diversion.
    Thus, while Respondent has put forward evidence of his remedial 
measures, his continued refusal to acknowledge the full scope of his 
criminal conduct precludes a finding that his registration would be 
consistent with the public interest. See R.D. at 37-38. Indeed, in his 
post-hearing brief, Respondent goes so far as to characterize his 
convictions for violating 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1) as ``technical 
convictions.'' Resp. Post-Hrng. Br., at 12. They were not.
    Moreover, as I have previously explained, the record contains no 
support for Respondent's assertion (Exceptions at 4) that he was 
required to admit to having issued prescriptions outside of the usual 
course of professional practice and for other than a legitimate medical 
purpose (i.e., drug trafficking). See 21 CFR 1306.04(a). What he was 
required to acknowledge was the full scope of his criminal behavior and 
the risk of diversion it created, which, as established by his

[[Page 8251]]

convictions and the Second Circuit's opinion, went on for a far longer 
period and to a far greater extent than he was willing to acknowledge 
during this proceeding.
    Accordingly, I find the CALJ's conclusion that Respondent has not 
accepted responsibility for his misconduct to be fully supported by the 
record and that he has not put forward sufficient evidence ``that could 
reasonably support a finding that'' he can be entrusted with a 
registration. R.D. at 38. Because I also agree with the CALJ's finding 
that Respondent's misconduct was egregious and that he still ``does not 
believe he was mistaken in any way,'' I also agree that these factors 
support the denial of his application. See id. at 39. I therefore adopt 
the CALJ's recommendation that I deny Respondent's application.

Order

    Pursuant to the authority vested in me by 21 U.S.C. 823(f) and 28 
CFR 0.100(b), I order that the application of Arvinder Singh, M.D., for 
a DEA Certificate of Registration as a practitioner, be, and it hereby 
is, denied. This Order is effective immediately.

    Dated: February 10, 2016.
Chuck Rosenberg,
Acting Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2016-03361 Filed 2-17-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-09-P