[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 13 (Thursday, January 21, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 3562-3634]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-33153]



[[Page 3561]]

Vol. 81

Thursday,

No. 13

January 21, 2016

Part II





Department of Transportation





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 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration





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49 CFR Parts 350, 365, 385, et al.





Carrier Safety Fitness Determination; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 81 , No. 13 / Thursday, January 21, 2016 / 
Proposed Rules  

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

49 CFR Parts 350, 365, 385, 386, 387, and 395

[Docket No. FMCSA-2015-0001]
RIN 2126-AB11


Carrier Safety Fitness Determination

AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM); request for comments.

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SUMMARY: FMCSA proposes to amend the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 
Regulations (FMCSRs) to revise the current methodology for issuance of 
a safety fitness determination (SFD) for motor carriers. The proposed 
new methodologies would determine when a motor carrier is not fit to 
operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in or affecting interstate 
commerce based on the carrier's on-road safety data in relation to five 
of the Agency's seven Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement 
Categories (BASICs); an investigation; or a combination of on-road 
safety data and investigation information. The intended effect of this 
action is to more effectively use FMCSA data and resources to identify 
unfit motor carriers and to remove them from the Nation's roadways.

DATES: FMCSA will be accepting both initial comments and reply comments 
in response to this NPRM. Send your initial comments on or before March 
21, 2016 and reply comments on or before April 20, 2016.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments (initial and reply) identified by 
the docket number FMCSA-2015-0001 using any of the following methods:
     Web site: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the 
instructions for submitting comments on the Federal electronic docket 
site.
     Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
     Mail: Docket Services, U.S. Department of Transportation, 
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery: Ground Floor, Room W12-140, DOT Building, 
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. 
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    To avoid duplication, please use only one of these four methods. 
See the ``Public Participation and Request for Comments'' portion of 
the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section below for instructions on 
submitting comments.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. David Yessen, (609) 275-2606, 
[email protected]. FMCSA office hours are from 7:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. If you have questions 
on viewing or submitting material to the docket, call Docket Services, 
telephone 202-366-9826.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This notice of proposed rulemaking is 
organized as follows:

Table of Contents

I. Acronyms and Abbreviations
II. Executive Summary
III. Legal Basis
IV. History of Past Actions
    A. History of SFDs
    B. Analytical Basis for the Proposed Changes
V. Existing Safety Monitoring and Data Quality Programs
    A. Safety Measurement System (SMS)
    B. Interventions
    C. Current SFD Process
    D. Data Quality Program
VI. Proposed SFD Changes
    A. Numbers of Inspections and Violations Used in This Proposal
    B. Only One SFD--Unfit
    C. Three Paths to ``Proposed Unfit''
    D. MAP-21 Requirements for Motor Carriers of Passengers and 
Operators of Motorcoach Services
    E. Summary Justification for SFD Proposal
VII. Revised SFD Appeals Process
    A. Administrative Review of Material Errors
    B. Claiming Unconsidered Inspection Data
    C. Requests To Operate Under a Compliance Agreement
    D. Requests To Resume Operations After a Final Unfit 
Determination
    E. Carriers Expected To Receive a Final Unfit SFD
VIII. Implementation of and Transition to Final Rule
    A. Proposed MCSAP Requirements
    B. Implementation of a Final Rule and Transition Provisions
    C. General Statements of Enforcement Policy Regarding Violation 
Severity Weights and Time Weights
IX. Section-by-Section Description of Proposed Rule
    A. Part 350
    B. Part 365
    C. Part 385
    D. Part 386
    E. Part 387
    F. Part 395
X. Regulatory Analyses and Notices
XI. Public Participation and Request for Comments
    A. Submitting Comments
    B. Viewing Comments and Documents
    C. Privacy Act

I. Acronyms and Abbreviations

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------------------------------------------------------------------------
ATRI.................................  American Transportation Research
                                        Institute.
BASIC................................  Behavior Analysis and Safety
                                        Improvement Categories.
CDL..................................  Commercial Driver's License.
CMV..................................  Commercial Motor Vehicle.
CVOR.................................  Commercial Vehicle Operators
                                        Registration.
CR...................................  Compliance Review.
CSA..................................  Compliance, Safety,
                                        Accountability.
DOT..................................  United States Department of
                                        Transportation.
FHWA.................................  Federal Highway Administration.
FMCSA................................  Federal Motor Carrier Safety
                                        Administration.
FMCSRs...............................  Federal Motor Carrier Safety
                                        Regulations, 49 CFR parts 350
                                        through 399.
FR...................................  Federal Register.
HM...................................  Hazardous Materials.
HMR..................................  Hazardous Materials Regulations,
                                        49 CFR parts 171 through 180.
MCMIS................................  Motor Carrier Management
                                        Information System.
MCSAC................................  Motor Carrier Safety Advisory
                                        Committee.
MCSAP................................  Motor Carrier Safety Assistance
                                        Program.
NPRM.................................  Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.
NTSB.................................  National Transportation Safety
                                        Board.
OMB..................................  Office of Management and Budget.
PHMSA................................  Pipeline and Hazardous Materials
                                        Safety Administration.
PU...................................  Power Unit.
SFD..................................  Safety Fitness Determination.
SMS..................................  Safety Measurement System.
VMT..................................  Vehicle Miles Traveled.
VOLPE................................  U.S. DOT Office of the Assistant
                                        Secretary for Research and
                                        Technology's John A. Volpe
                                        National Transportation Systems
                                        Center, Cambridge, MA.
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[[Page 3563]]

II. Executive Summary

    As the Federal government agency responsible for commercial motor 
vehicle (CMV) safety, FMCSA must identify unfit motor carriers. Under 
the existing regulations, a compliance review must be conducted to 
issue a Safety Fitness Determination (SFD) and, if a motor carrier 
receives a final unsatisfactory safety rating, FMCSA declares that 
motor carrier to be unfit to operate on the Nation's highways. The 
current SFD process does not permit the Agency to use all of the on-
road safety data in the Motor Carrier Management Information System 
(MCMIS) in making each SFD. Based on experience and empirical data from 
the Safety Measurement System (SMS) and interventions, the integration 
of on-road safety data into the SFD process would improve the 
assessment of motor carriers and the identification of unfit motor 
carriers. Such integration is a longstanding recommendation of the 
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Under this proposal, unfit 
determinations could be based on a carrier's on-road safety data alone. 
In this NPRM, FMCSA proposes to eliminate the current three-tier rating 
system (i.e., satisfactory-conditional-unsatisfactory) for determining 
safety fitness in favor of a single determination of unfit. FMCSA's 
statutory requirement is to determine which owners or operators are 
unfit to operate on the Nation's roadways, and prescribe specific 
consequences for motor carriers found to be unfit. By statute, such 
carriers are prohibited from operating in interstate commerce or 
transportation that affects interstate commerce.
    Using data from inspections or investigations or both, FMCSA 
proposes to evaluate carriers monthly to determine if they failed two 
or more Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs) 
and thus should be proposed unfit. A motor carrier would be proposed 
unfit if it: (1) Failed two or more BASICs based exclusively on on-road 
safety data from 11 or more inspections with 1 or more violations in 
each, in a single BASIC, before a carrier could fail the BASICs; (2) 
had violations of the proposed set of critical and acute regulations, 
identified through an investigation, that cause the motor carrier to 
fail two or more BASICs; or (3) failed two or more BASICs based on a 
combination of data from inspections and investigation results. The 
Agency's analysis and reasoning for these proposals is explained in 
more detail later in this document.
    FMCSA's MCMIS automatically takes each motor carrier's safety data 
from on-road safety inspections and converts the data into a BASIC 
measure and a rank/percentile using the methodology in ``Carrier Safety 
Measurement System (CSMS) Methodology.'' \1\ This methodology, 
available to the public since December 2010, provides the details of 
the SMS currently used for identifying unsafe behaviors and 
prioritizing and selecting motor carriers for interventions, including 
investigations and compliance reviews. Each motor carrier's measure in 
each BASIC is a quantifiable determination of safety behavior in that 
BASIC. Percentile ranking allows the safety behavior of a motor carrier 
to be compared with the safety behavior of carriers with similar 
numbers of safety events. Within each safety event group, a percentile 
is computed on a 0-100 scale for each motor carrier that receives a 
non-zero measure, with 100 indicating the worst performance. Currently, 
when a motor carrier's SMS measures percentile ranking meets or exceeds 
the intervention thresholds shown in Table 3 below, the Agency 
prioritizes the carrier for interventions, including possibly a 
compliance review.
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    \1\ See ``Safety Measurement System Changes, June 2012'' page 5 
in docket FMCSA-2012-0074 at http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=FMCSA-2012-0074-0039 referencing version 3.0 of 
``Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Methodology.'' The latest 
version, 3.0.2 of June 2014, is available in the rulemaking docket 
and at http://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/Documents/SMSMethodology.pdf.
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    In SMS, a carrier's performance is compared to other carriers in 
its safety event group every month. As a result, improved safety 
performance by other carriers could result in the carrier having higher 
(worse) percentiles without having committed any additional violations. 
In contrast, under the proposed SFD methodology, every month a 
carrier's performance would be compared to an absolute failure standard 
that would be set in regulation based on each safety event group. 
Because the absolute failure standard would not change from month to 
month, changes in another company's performance would not impact the 
motor carrier. The failure standard will only be changed after 
rulemaking by the Agency, with notice and comment. The carrier's SFD 
measure would reflect its own performance against the failure standard, 
and would not be impacted by other carriers' performance.
    From the motor carrier's measures, percentile ranking, and 
intervention thresholds, FMCSA developed proposed SFD failure standards 
at higher levels of noncompliance with the FMCSRs and HMRs, which 
provide stronger correlations to previous crashes.\2\ The proposed SFD 
failure standards would be equivalent to the measures that would 
determine a motor carrier unfit at the 96th percentile for the Unsafe 
Driving and HOS Compliance BASICs, that is, a person would know the 
carrier is in the worst 4 percent of carriers that have measurable 
(non-zero) data in the MCMIS. The proposed SFD standards would 
determine that a motor carrier is unfit at the 99th percentile for the 
Driver Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, and HM Compliance BASICs. 
Likewise, a person would know the carrier is in the worst 1 percent of 
carriers that have measurable data in the MCMIS. A carrier's absolute 
BASIC performance measure in any given month, not the carrier's 
percentile within a given month, would be used to determine if the 
carrier failed the BASIC. A carrier with an absolute performance 
measure that equals or is greater than the failure standard proposed in 
this document for the carrier's safety-event group would fail that 
BASIC using only on-road safety data.
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    \2\ The term ``crash'' is synonymous to the term ``accident'' as 
defined in 49 CFR 390.5 and may be used interchangeably in this 
document. See 79 FR 59457, October 2, 2014.
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    Thus, the failure standards for a proposed unfit SFD would require 
significantly more evidence of non-compliance than the thresholds in 
SMS that the Agency uses to prioritize a carrier for interventions. The 
Agency's proposed approach would ensure that only the worst performing 
motor carriers would be issued a proposed unfit determination based 
solely on on-road safety performance data.
    In addition, the proposed standards for an unfit SFD would be set 
at absolute values that would be higher measures (i.e., poorer safety 
performance) than those used currently in SMS for interventions (see 
Table 3 below). The proposed SFD process would also require more 
inspections with violations--i.e., 11 versus 3 to 5--to trigger a 
proposed SFD.
    Failure standards would be established in each BASIC for several 
safety event groups. A carrier meeting or exceeding the failure 
standard in its safety event group would fail the BASIC.
    The Crash Indicator BASIC and the Controlled Substances/Alcohol 
Compliance BASIC would be evaluated only during investigations, because 
the Crash Indicator BASIC currently does not include preventability 
determinations and controlled

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substances and alcohol violations from on-road safety data would rarely 
meet the data sufficiency standards. Thus, these two BASICs would not 
be used to make a proposed unfit determination based on on-road 
performance data alone, although data relating to the Crash Indicator 
BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC would certainly be used 
during investigations. To be proposed unfit based solely on on-road 
safety data, a motor carrier would have to meet or exceed the absolute 
failure standard established for its safety event group for two BASICs.
    Further, only preventable crashes would be used in calculating an 
SFD. This differs from the current SFD process which only determines 
the preventability of crashes to contest a motor carrier's recordable 
crash rate after the SFD. As described below, crash data could trigger 
a failure in a BASIC during the investigative process only if a 
certified safety investigator makes a ``preventability determination'' 
on the crashes and the preventable crashes exceed the failure standard.
    It is important to note that while the relative percentiles in SMS 
are not used in making Safety Fitness Determinations under this NPRM, 
the same data are used. Some groups have expressed concerns about that 
data, and many of those concerns are proactively addressed concerns 
about the SMS in the development of this SFD proposal. In addition to 
the differences noted above, it is important to point out that other 
concerns about the system including disparities for long-haul and 
short-haul carriers; differences for urban and rural motor carriers, 
and enforcement differences by the States have all been considered. The 
long and short haul differences are minimized by the combination (long-
haul) and straight truck (short haul) segmentation. The impacts of 
urban and rural transportation are factored into the calculation of the 
Crash Indicator BASIC failure rates. Lastly, while enforcement 
differences exist between the States, the nature of the high failure 
standard in this rule is that the patterns of non-compliance for the 
carriers that are proposed unfit are not the result of these 
disparities but are the result of recurring non-compliance.
    After a proposed unfit SFD, a motor carrier would have three 
different administrative proceedings available: (1) A review for 
material errors in assigning a proposed unfit SFD; (2) a review 
claiming unconsidered on-road performance inspection data; (3) a review 
after a request to operate under a compliance agreement. Consistent 
with current procedures, requests for one or more administrative 
reviews would not automatically stay a proposed unfit determination. 
After a final unfit determination, the motor carrier could request a 
review to resume operations.
    The revised SFD methodology and rule would be used to identify and 
take legal action against unfit motor carriers that have failed to 
implement and maintain adequate safety management controls for 
achieving compliance with the FMCSRs and HMRs.
    The Agency would maintain the current administrative review 
processes provided under Sec.  385.15, would propose a compliance 
agreement procedure similar to the existing Sec.  385.17 upgrade 
process for carriers with a proposed unfit SFD, and would add an 
opportunity to submit missing inspection data under Sec.  385.16. FMCSA 
proposes to reduce the time for filing a petition for administrative 
review from the current 90 days to 15 days after the issuance of the 
proposed unfit SFD. Further, a new process, under Sec.  385.18, 
explains the requirements for demonstrated corrective action and 
compliance agreements for entities with revoked registration due to an 
unfit safety rating.
    Under this proposal, the Agency estimates in its separate 
Regulatory Evaluation that it would have proposed as unfit 3,056 motor 
carriers in 2011, about 2.5 times the number of proposed unfit SFDs 
relative to 1,232 under the current process, known as proposed 
unsatisfactory safety ratings. FMCSA estimates that the 3,056 proposed 
unfit SFD motor carriers would consist of:
     262 motor carriers based solely upon on use of inspection 
data,
     2,674 motor carriers based upon the result of 
investigations, and
     120 motor carriers based on a combination of inspection 
and investigation data.

FMCSA then evaluated how many of these 3,056 motor carriers would have 
been in active service 12 months following a hypothetical final unfit 
determination in 2011 and found that most, 2,822 carriers, were active. 
The actual crash involvement and crash rates experienced by this 
population of 2,822 carriers over the course of the 12 months after the 
hypothetical final unfit determination provides a baseline and means of 
estimating benefits had these carriers been identified by the proposed 
process. The separate Regulatory Evaluation analyzing the costs and 
benefits of the proposed rule is available in the docket.
    Application of the proposed method to data from a supporting 
analysis \3\ identified 1,805 additional poor-performing carriers 
beyond those identified by the current SFD process, while the current 
SFD process identified 106 carriers that the proposed SFD method would 
not (1,017 carriers were identified by both the current and proposed 
methods). On net, of the 1,699 of these 1,805 carriers--the subset of 
carriers which remained in active operation during the twelve months 
following the date upon which each would have received a final unfit 
determination under the proposed rule--the switch from the current to 
the proposed method identifies carriers that were involved in 41 more 
fatal crashes, 508 more injury crashes, and 872 more tow-away crashes 
in those subsequent 12 months. The crash reduction elicited from these 
carriers constitutes the benefits of the rule.
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    \3\ ``Estimating the Safety Impact of Proposed Safety Fitness 
Determination (SFD) Criteria,'' FMCSA, May 2015.
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    The costs of the rulemaking are those incurred by:
    (1) Drivers who were employed by additional carriers ordered out of 
service (OOS) who are now forced to seek new employment. It is 
estimated that 1,855 drivers would have been adversely affected in this 
manner annually.
    (2) The additional carriers identified as deficient under the 
proposed SFD that opt to improve performance, thereby incurring costs 
to achieve compliance.
    (3) FMCSA, resulting from information technology system update and 
modification expenses (estimated as a one-time cost of $3.0 million 
incurred in year 2017 under both Option 1 and Option 2).
    Given (1) an assumed 2.17 percent annual increase in the carrier 
population, and hence the number of drivers, and (2) no change in real 
wages for drivers over time,\4\ for the ten years from 2017 through 
2026 the annualized costs (discounted at seven percent) of this 
proposed rule are estimated at $9.9 million. Were the real wages of 
drivers to increase by one percent annually, then the annualized cost 
from 2017 through 2026 rises to $10.6 million. Were drivers' real wages 
to increase by two percent annually, the annualized

[[Page 3565]]

cost of this proposed rule is $11.3 million.
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    \4\ This is a central assumption of the regulatory evaluation, 
and affects only the costs side of the net benefits projections. The 
Agency opted in this evaluation to consider costs under alternate 1% 
and 2% annual real wage growth assumptions to demonstrate the 
minimal degree to which potential growth in drivers' future real 
wages affects the net benefits of the rule.
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    Given (1) the estimated current monetized value of a statistical 
life component for a fatal crash of $10,885,000, for an injury crash of 
$393,000, and for a tow-away crash of $50,000, (2) annual increases in 
each of these values due to projected real growth of the value a 
statistical life of 1.18 \5\ percent, (3) additional fixed crash costs 
not projected to increase annually of $134,000 for each fatal crash, 
$60,000 for each injury crash, and $22,000 for each tow-away crash, (4) 
an assumed 2.17 percent annual increase in the carrier population and 
hence the number of crashes, (5) an estimated 52.8 percent improvement 
in the 16.1 percent of carriers placed out of service (OOS), and (6) an 
estimated 17.4 percent improvement in the 83.9 percent of carriers that 
opted to correct deficiencies and remain in service, for the ten years 
from 2017 through 2026, the annualized benefits of the rule (discounted 
at seven percent) would be $240.9 million.\6\
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    \5\ The real growth rate of the VSL is in keeping with DOT's 
Office of the Secretary of Transportation guidance, available on the 
web at http://www.dot.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/VSL_Guidance_2014.pdf. This growth factor represents real growth in 
the median hourly wage at a macroeconomic level and is not specific 
to drivers or the motor carrier industry. While real median hourly 
wages are projected to grow at 1.18% per year at a macroeconomic 
level, this assumption does not apply to drivers, as the real median 
hourly wage of drivers has declined or remained static in recent 
years. Nevertheless, the Agency considered a sensitivity analysis 
regarding real wage growth of drivers to demonstrate the costs of 
this proposed rule in the event that drivers' wages grow at 1 or 2 
percent per year.
    \6\ Comparisons of the crash rates of carriers identified as 
unfit under the current and proposed SFD are presented in Section 2 
of this rulemaking's Regulatory Evaluation.
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    With $240.9 million in annualized benefits and $9.9 million in 
annualized costs with no projected real wage growth among drivers, the 
annualized net benefits of the proposed rule would be $231.1 million. 
Table 1 summarizes the Agency's annualized benefit, cost, and net 
benefit projections of this rule utilizing a 7 percent discount rate 
under a range of annual real wage growth assumptions of 0 to 2 percent.

  Table 1--Annualized Net Benefits (7% Discount Rate) of the Rule From
                            2017 Through 2026
                         [in millions of 2013$]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Real wage growth
                                  --------------------------------------
                                        0%           1%           2%
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Benefits.........................       $240.9       $240.9       $240.9
Costs............................          9.9         10.6         11.3
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    Net Benefits.................        231.1        230.4        229.6
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Note: Compliance costs to carriers that improve performance to achieve
  compliance are not estimated.

    Cumulative benefits, costs, and net benefits of the proposed rule 
are presented in Table 2 for not discounted, 3% discounted, and 7% 
discounted bases. For brevity, corresponding tables associated with the 
1% and 2% annual real wage growth scenarios are not included here as 
the projections are nearly identical under these alternate assumptions, 
and the minimal differences resulting from utilization of positive real 
wage growth assumptions are demonstrated in the annualized values in 
the preceding table.

  Table 2--Cumulative Benefits and Costs of the Rule From 2017 Through
                                  2026
                         [in millions of 2013$]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Discount rate-->               0%           3%           7%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits.........................     $2,290.9     $1,997.5     $1,692.0
Costs............................         92.2         81.0         69.2
                                  --------------------------------------
    Net Benefits.................      21,98.7      1,916.5      1,622.8
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Note: Compliance costs to carriers that improve performance to achieve
  compliance are not estimated.

III. Legal Basis

    The proposed rule would replace the current safety fitness rating 
methodology with new methodologies. The new methodologies incorporate 
on-road safety data and the results of safety investigations.
    This rulemaking is based primarily on the authority of section 215 
of the Motor Carrier Safety Act of 1984 (1984 Act),\7\ which directs 
the Secretary of Transportation (Secretary) to determine whether an 
owner or operator is fit to operate safely commercial motor vehicles 
and to maintain by regulation a procedure for determining the safety 
fitness of an owner or operator. [49 U.S.C. 31144(a), (b)] Congress 
intended that the safety fitness procedure required by this section 
would supersede all previous rules regarding DOT safety fitness 
assessments and ratings of motor carriers.\8\ FMCSA's authority to 
determine the safety fitness of owners or operators of CMVs was 
broadened with major amendments in 1998 by the Transportation Equity 
Act

[[Page 3566]]

for the 21st Century (TEA-21) \9\ and in 2005 by the Safe, Accountable, 
Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users 
(SAFETEA-LU).\10\ Another amendment was made by the Commercial Motor 
Vehicle Safety Enhancement Act of 2012, part of the Moving Ahead for 
Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21).\11\
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    \7\ Motor Carrier Safety Act of 1984, sec. 215, Pub. L. 98-554, 
Title II, 98 Stat. 2829, 2844-2845, Oct. 30, 1984, now codified at 
49 U.S.C. 31144. See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-98/pdf/STATUTE-98-Pg2829.pdf (PDF page 16 of 25).
    \8\ Sen. Report No. 98-424 at 16, May 2, 1984. Federal Highway 
Administration (FHWA) had been required to determine the safety 
fitness of for-hire motor carriers seeking operating authority from 
the Interstate Commerce Commission since 1967 when the Department of 
Transportation was created (see section 1653(e) of the Department of 
Transportation Act of 1966, Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966 (DOT 
Act)), see sec. 4(e) at http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg931.pdf (PDF page 4 of 20). FHWA codified in 49 CFR 
part 385 the for-hire motor carrier safety fitness regulations to 
address the DOT Act on June 17, 1982 (47 FR 26137) and revised them 
on May 19, 1983 (48 FR 22566). The 1984 Act expanded the Agency's 
safety fitness determinations to all motor carriers and owners and 
operators of CMVs operating in interstate commerce.
    \9\ Sec. 4009(a) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st 
Century (TEA-21), Pub. L. 105-178, 112 Stat. 107, 405 (June 12, 
1998). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-112/pdf/STATUTE-112-Pg107.pdf (PDF page 299 of 403).
    \10\ Sec. 4114(a) of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient 
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), Pub. L. 
109-59, 119 Stat. 1144, 1725 (Aug. 10, 2005). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-119/pdf/STATUTE-119-Pg1144.pdf (PDF 
page 582 of 835).
    \11\ Sec. 32707(a), Div. C., Title II of the Moving Ahead for 
Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Pub. L. 112-141, 126 
Stat. 813 (July 6, 2012). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-112publ141/pdf/PLAW-112publ141.pdf (PDF page 409 of 584).
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    As amended, the statute now requires the Secretary to: (1) 
Determine whether an owner or operator is fit to operate safely 
commercial motor vehicles, utilizing among other things the accident 
record of an owner or operator operating in interstate commerce and the 
accident record and safety inspection record of such owner or 
operator--(A) in operations that affect interstate commerce within the 
United States; and (B) in operations in Canada and Mexico if the owner 
or operator also conducts operations within the United States; (2) 
periodically update such safety fitness determinations; (3) make such 
final safety fitness determinations readily available to the public; 
and (4) prescribe by regulation penalties for violations of 49 U.S.C. 
31144 consistent with 49 U.S.C. 521.\12\
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    \12\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(a). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleVI-partB-chap311-subchapIII-sec31144.pdf.
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    It also provides that the Secretary shall maintain by regulation a 
procedure for determining the safety fitness of an owner or operator. 
The procedure shall include, at a minimum, the following elements: (1) 
Specific initial and continuing requirements with which an owner or 
operator must comply to demonstrate safety fitness; (2) a methodology 
the Secretary will use to determine whether an owner or operator is 
fit; (3) specific time frames within which the Secretary will determine 
whether an owner or operator is fit.\13\
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    \13\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(b).
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    This proposed rule also relies on 49 U.S.C. 31133, which gives the 
Secretary broad administrative powers to assist in the implementation 
of the provisions of the 1984 Act.\14\ These powers include, among 
others, authority to conduct inspections and investigations, compile 
statistics, require production of records and property, prescribe 
recordkeeping and reporting requirements, and perform other acts 
considered appropriate. The Agency also has broad authority to inspect 
the equipment of a motor carrier or lessor, and to inspect and copy any 
record of a motor carrier or person controlling, controlled by, or 
under common control with, a motor carrier.\15\ These powers are 
exercised to obtain the data used in the proposed new methodology for 
SFDs.\16\
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    \14\ See Sen. Report No. 98-424 at 9 (May 2, 1984). The amended 
provisions of the Motor Carrier Safety Act of 1984 are now found in 
subchapter III of chapter 311 of 49 U.S.C. See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleVI-partB-chap311-subchapIII.pdf.
    \15\ 49 U.S.C. 504(c). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleI-chap5-subchapI-sec504.pdf.
    \16\ The statute provides FMCSA authority to determine the 
safety fitness of both motor carriers and employers owning and 
operating CMVs and drivers or other employees operating CMVs. Cf. 49 
U.S.C. 31132(2) and (3). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleVI-partB-chap311-subchapIII-sec31132.pdf. This proposed rule involves the procedures 
and standards for determination of the safety fitness of only motor 
carriers and other employers that own or lease CMVs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMCSA has authority to revoke the operating authority registration 
of any motor carrier that has been prohibited from operating as the 
result of a final unfit SFD.\17\ MAP-21 grants FMCSA the authority to 
take similar action to revoke or suspend a motor carrier's safety 
registration on the same grounds.\18\ FMCSA also has statutory 
authority to adopt a requirement that States receiving MCSAP grants 
enforce orders issued by FMCSA related to CMV safety and hazardous 
materials (HM) transportation safety.\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ 49 U.S.C. 13905(f)(1)(B). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleIV-partB-chap139-sec13905.pdf.
    \18\ 49 U.S.C. 31134(c). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleVI-partB-chap311-subchapIII-sec31134.pdf.
    \19\ 49 U.S.C. 31102(a) and (b). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleVI-partB-chap311-subchapI-sec31102.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Secretary has delegated the authority to carry out all of these 
functions to the FMCSA Administrator.\20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ 49 CFR 1.87(f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. History of Past Actions

A. History of SFDs

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the predecessor of 
FMCSA, promulgated Safety Fitness Procedures \21\ in 1988 to determine 
the safety fitness of motor carriers through an onsite visit at the 
motor carrier's premises and to establish procedures to resolve safety 
fitness disputes with motor carriers, as required by the 1984 Act.\22\ 
In 1991, FHWA issued an interim final rule \23\ based on provisions of 
the Motor Carrier Safety Act of 1990 (1990 Act).\24\ This interim final 
rule prohibited certain motor carriers rated unsatisfactory from 
operating CMVs in interstate commerce to transport more than 15 
passengers or placardable quantities of HM starting on the 46th day 
after being found unfit. The regulation has been in effect since August 
1991. FHWA stated that it would use a safety-rating formula to 
determine safety ratings, but the formula, while publicly available, 
was not included in the safety fitness regulation.\25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ 53 FR 50961 (Dec. 19, 1988), codified at 49 CFR part 385.
    \22\ FHWA codified safety fitness regulations for motor carriers 
seeking operating authority from the Interstate Commerce Commission 
(for-hire motor carriers) in 49 CFR part 385 on June 17, 1982 (47 FR 
26137) and revised them on May 19, 1983 (48 FR 22566). The 1984 Act 
expanded the Agency's safety fitness determinations from for-hire 
motor carriers to all motor carriers operating in interstate 
commerce.
    \23\ 56 FR 40802 (Aug. 16, 1991), Regulatory Identification 
Number (RIN) 2125-AC71.
    \24\ Motor Carrier Safety Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101-500, sec. 
15(b)(1), 104 Stat. 1218 (Nov. 3, 1990). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-104/pdf/STATUTE-104-Pg1213.pdf. These provisions 
formerly found at 49 U.S.C. 5113 are now found at 49 U.S.C. 
31144(c)(2) and (3) and (f) (as amended later). See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleVI-partB-chap311-subchapIII-sec31144.pdf.
    \25\ 56 FR at 40803.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In March 1997, in MST Express v. Department of Transportation,\26\ 
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled in 
favor of a motor carrier that had appealed its conditional safety 
fitness rating. The court found that FHWA did not carry out its 
statutory obligation to establish, by regulation, a means of 
determining whether a carrier has complied with the safety fitness 
requirements of the 1984 Act.\27\ Because the carrier's conditional 
safety rating was based, in part, upon the formula that was publicly 
available, but was not included in the promulgated 1988 final rule or 
1991 interim final rule, the court vacated the petitioner's conditional 
safety rating and remanded the matter to FHWA for further action.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ 108 F.3d 401 (D.C. Cir. 1997).
    \27\ 49 U.S.C. 31144.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In response, FHWA issued a second interim final rule in May 1997 
incorporating the safety fitness rating

[[Page 3567]]

methodology into the safety fitness regulations \28\ and a companion 
NPRM published the same day \29\ proposed to adopt the formula or 
methodology for use in assigning safety fitness ratings to all classes 
of motor carriers. This companion NPRM discussed the public comments 
received in response to the 1991 interim final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \28\ 62 FR 28807 (May 28, 1997) adding appendix B to 49 CFR part 
385. RIN 2125-AC71.
    \29\ 62 FR 28826 (May 28, 1997), discussion of 1991 interim 
final rule comments at page 28827, RIN 2125-AC71.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In November 1997, FHWA published a final rule incorporating the 
Agency's revised safety fitness rating methodology in appendix B to 49 
CFR part 385, Safety Fitness Procedures.\30\ In November 1998, FHWA 
published amendments to the rule that corrected several minor 
errors.\31\ These changes withstood judicial review in 1999 in American 
Trucking Associations, Inc. v. U.S. DOT.\32\ The court in the ATA case 
gave deference to the FHWA's interpretation of its statutory directive 
as it related to the level of specificity required in regulation and 
related interpretive guidance. On the reason for the Agency's use of 
interpretive guidance rather than notice and comment rulemaking to 
implement aspects of the methodology, the court noted: ``It is easy to 
imagine an affirmative reason for the agency's decision not to subject 
the sampling procedure to notice and comment rulemaking--the desire to 
be able to vary these technical elements of the process without 
excessive delay as experience accrues.'' \33\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \30\ 62 FR 60035 (Nov. 6, 1997). RIN 2125-AC71.
    \31\ 63 FR 62957 (Nov. 10, 1998). RIN 2125-AC71.
    \32\ 166 F.3d 374 (D.C. Cir. 1999).
    \33\ 166 F.3d at 378-380. See also Animal Legal Defense Fund, 
Inc. v. Glickman, 204 F.3d 229, 235 (D.C. Cir. 2000) and cases 
therein cited.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In 1998, TEA-21 added a prohibition applicable to all owners and 
operators of CMVs not previously subject to the 1990 Act's 
prohibition--that is, those CMV owners and operators not transporting 
more than 15 passengers or HM in quantities requiring placarding. 
Following that change, all owners and operators, including those not 
transporting more than 15 passengers or HM in quantities requiring 
placarding, were prohibited from operating CMVs in interstate commerce, 
starting on the 61st day after being found unfit.\34\ It also 
prohibited Federal agencies from using those owners and operators that 
were prohibited from operating to provide interstate transportation of 
non-HM freight. FHWA proposed the regulations implementing the TEA-21 
amendments in 1999, and FMCSA, which was established in 2000, published 
the final rule on August 22, 2000.\35\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ Section 4009 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st 
Century, Pub. L. 105-178, 112 Stat. 107, at 405, June 9, 1998. 
Section 4009 added the additional prohibition and recodified the 
statutory prohibitions of using unsatisfactory-rated motor carriers 
in 49 U.S.C. 5113 to 49 U.S.C. 31144.
    \35\ 65 FR 50919 (Aug. 22, 2000).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMCSA published several additional amendments in 2000.\36\ These 
changes updated the list of acute and critical regulations \37\ to 
conform it to changes in FMCSA and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
Safety Administration (PHMSA) regulations. In 2007, the Agency further 
revised the safety fitness procedures regulations and appendix B to 
implement SAFETEA-LU statutory amendments.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \36\ 65 FR 11904 (Mar. 7, 2000).
    \37\ FHWA proposed acute and critical regulations for 
determining safety fitness in 59 FR 47203 (Sept. 14, 1994) and made 
them final in 62 FR 28807 (May 28, 1997).
    \38\ 72 FR 36760 (July 5, 2007).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In 2007, in response to a motorcoach crash with numerous 
fatalities, NTSB recommended that FMCSA use all motor carrier 
violations when assessing a carrier's safety fitness. (See NTSB 
recommendation H-07-003 in ``Highway Accident Report: Motorcoach Fire 
on Interstate 45 During Hurricane Rita Evacuation Near Wilmer, Texas, 
September 23, 2005.'' \39\). A copy of the NTSB report and a related 
Motor Carrier Safety Advisory Committee (MCSAC) report have been placed 
in the docket. The MCSAC recommended unanimously to FMCSA that it 
implement the NTSB proposal to use all motor carrier violations when 
assessing a carrier's safety fitness. NTSB closed the recommendation on 
September 15, 2015, after NTSB accepted FMCSA's alternative actions. A 
copy of NTSB's letter closing the recommendation is also in the docket.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ Report No. NTSB/HAR-07/01, PB2007-916202, Notation 7774C, 
Adopted Feb. 21, 2007. You may download the report by visiting 
http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAR0701.pdf on the Internet. H-07-003: ``To protect the traveling 
public until completion of the Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 
Initiative, immediately issue an Interim Rule to include all FMCSRs 
in the current CR process so that all violations of regulations are 
reflected in the calculation of a carrier's final rating.'' See also 
NTSB recommendations H-99-006 ``Change the safety fitness rating 
methodology so that adverse vehicle and driver performance-based 
data alone are sufficient to result in an overall unsatisfactory 
rating for the carrier'' and H-12-017 ``Include safety measurement 
system rating scores in the methodology used to determine a 
carrier's fitness to operate in the safety fitness rating rulemaking 
for the new Compliance, Safety, Accountability initiative.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Analytical Basis for the Proposed Changes

    FMCSA proposes to base SFDs on data from driver/vehicle inspections 
and investigations. Three reports regarding the Agency's existing SMS 
form the technical basis for the proposed methodology for this 
rulemaking. Two of the reports were prepared by FMCSA. The third report 
was developed and published by the American Transportation Research 
Institute (ATRI). Copies of all three reports are in the docket for 
this document.
    The most recent report is titled ``Carrier Safety Measurement 
System (CSMS) Methodology-Version 3.0.2'' (June 2014).\40\ It provides 
the details of the measurement system currently used for identifying 
unsafe carriers and prioritizing and selecting them for interventions 
under the Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) initiative.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \40\ John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, 
``Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Methodology-Version 
3.0.2'' FMCSA, June 2014.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The second report, ``Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) 
Violation Severity Weights'' (December 2010),\41\ involved quantifying 
the relative crash risk of violations of the FMCSRs and HMRs. The 
results from this study were used to assign risk-based weights to 
driver/vehicle inspection violations in the SMS which would also be 
used in the proposed methodology for determining safety fitness. (See 
proposed appendix B to part 385.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, 
``Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Violation Severity 
Weights,'' December 2010.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The third report, a study titled, ``Compliance, Safety, 
Accountability: Evaluating a New Safety Measurement System and Its 
Impacts'' (December 2012), ATRI, involved an analysis of carriers 
assessed by BASICs. The results from this study confirmed that SMS is 
better at targeting carriers and identifying safety problems. In 
addition, the ATRI study indicated that the number of ``alerts'' a 
carrier has is the best indicator of future crashes.
    Additionally, the Agency's CSA Operational Model Test \42\ and 
additional analysis by the University of Michigan Transportation 
Research Institute \43\ and FMCSA indicate that

[[Page 3568]]

SMS is more effective than SafeStat, the Agency's previous intervention 
prioritization system, because it improves identification of high-risk 
carriers and provides information for determining the specifics of 
their safety performance problems.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ The CSA operational model test was a two-phase, 30-month 
(February 2008 to December 2010) field test to assess the validity, 
efficiency, and effectiveness of the CSA operational model.
    \43\ Green and Blower, ``Evaluation of the CSA 2010 Operational 
Model Test,'' FMCSA, August 2011, Report No. MC-RRA-11-019, http://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/Documents/Evaluation-of-the-CSA-Op-Model-Test.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. Existing Safety Monitoring and Data Quality Programs

    The CSA program, implemented in December 2010, is FMCSA's current 
initiative to improve large truck and bus safety. It is a set of 
enforcement and compliance tools that allow FMCSA and its State 
partners to address the safety and compliance problems of motor 
carriers before crashes occur. There are two elements of the Agency's 
existing CSA Program that are part of the Agency's safety monitoring 
programs: (1) The Safety Measurement System (SMS); and (2) the use of a 
varied set of interventions on motor carriers identified by SMS. FMCSA 
has provided significant information about the CSA program and its 
initiatives through public listening sessions, Federal Register 
notices, a comments docket, and a dedicated Web site. As a result, this 
rulemaking provides only summary level information about CSA to explain 
its relationship to the proposed changes in the SFD process.\44\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \44\ For more detailed information, please go to the CSA Web 
site at http://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/ and review documents in the 
program's docket at www.regulations.gov, docket number FMCSA-2004-
18898. In a one year period from 2012 to 2013, there were 46 million 
visits to the SMS Web site. Therefore, FMCSA believes that the 
industry and the public are already very familiar with this system 
and the information it provides.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The remaining element of the Agency's existing safety monitoring 
programs is the compliance review or investigation that results in a 
safety rating.

A. Safety Measurement System (SMS)

    The SMS is an automated system that runs monthly and measures on-
road safety performance of motor carriers to: (1) Identify candidates 
for intervention, (2) identify specific safety problems, and (3) 
monitor whether a carrier's performance is improving or getting worse. 
SMS groups the safety performance data of motor carriers and drivers 
into seven BASICs. The BASICs are:
1. Unsafe Driving BASIC
    The Unsafe Driving BASIC addresses the requirement to avoid driving 
a CMV in a dangerous or careless manner, and it includes driving and 
parking rules for drivers transporting HM. Some safety violations that 
may cause a motor carrier to rank poorly in this BASIC include 
speeding, reckless driving, improper lane change, distracted driving, 
failure to wear safety belt while operating a CMV, and texting or using 
a mobile telephone while operating a CMV.
2. Hours of Service (HOS) Compliance BASIC
    The HOS Compliance BASIC addresses the requirements to obey the HOS 
rules and not to drive when fatigued. This BASIC includes violations of 
the regulations pertaining to maximum driving time during the work day, 
maximum on-duty time that may be accumulated before driving is 
prohibited during the work day and during the work week, and 
preparation in proper form and manner and retention of records of duty 
status (RODS) as they relate to HOS requirements. Safety violations 
that may cause a motor carrier to rank poorly in this BASIC include a 
driver operating more hours than allowed under HOS regulations, failure 
to prepare and maintain RODS and falsification of RODS.
3. Driver Fitness BASIC
    The Driver Fitness BASIC addresses the requirements concerning 
commercial driver's licenses (CDLs) and disqualifying offenses for 
persons operating CMVs, as defined in 49 CFR 383.5. This BASIC also 
captures violations of the regulations for driver qualifications, 
including medical qualifications for interstate drivers of CMVs, as 
defined in 49 CFR 390.5. High scores in this BASIC are an indication 
that a carrier has allowed the operation of CMVs by drivers who are not 
qualified due to a lack of knowledge, skills, medical qualifications, 
or a valid license.
4. Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC
    The Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC addresses the requirements 
for controlled substances and alcohol testing for CDL holders. Safety 
violations that may cause a motor carrier to rank poorly in this BASIC 
include a driver found to be in possession of alcoholic beverages or 
operating under the influence of a controlled substance.
5. Vehicle Maintenance BASIC
    The Vehicle Maintenance BASIC addresses the requirements for 
equipment inspection, proper maintenance, and repair of a CMV, and the 
prevention of shifting loads and spilled or dropped cargo. Proper 
maintenance includes ensuring that lamps or reflectors are working, 
brakes are in proper working condition, and tires are not dangerously 
worn. Some safety violations that may cause a motor carrier to rank 
poorly in this BASIC are operating a vehicle with inoperative brakes, 
lights, or other mechanical defects; failure to make required repairs; 
improper load securement to prevent shifting upon or within the CMV to 
such an extent that the CMV's stability or maneuverability is adversely 
affected; or operating a vehicle placed OOS for safety deficiencies.
6. HM Compliance BASIC
    The HM Compliance BASIC addresses the Federal safety regulations 
related to the packaging, transportation, and identification of HM. In 
the event of a crash or spill, the HM Compliance BASIC also covers the 
proper communication of the hazard of the cargo on board. The general 
public is subject to a greater safety risk if HM is involved in a motor 
carrier crash; and unmarked or poorly marked HM cargo can result in 
less effective emergency response, as well as injuries and fatalities 
for emergency responders and others. At present, the HM Compliance 
BASIC scores can be seen only by enforcement personnel and by a motor 
carrier that accesses its own safety profile; it is not publicly 
available. The public can, however, see information on the number and 
types of HM violations involving the motor carrier.
7. Crash Indicator BASIC
    The Crash Indicator BASIC identifies histories or patterns of crash 
involvement, such as frequency and severity. It is based on information 
from State-reported crashes that meet recordable crash standards. 
Multiple State-reported crashes raise the percentile rank of the Crash 
Indicator BASIC, which signals potential safety problems. The SMS 
cannot currently factor in the role of the carrier in causing the 
crash--or crash preventability. (See discussion of crashes below.) At 
present, the Crash Indicator BASIC can be seen only by enforcement 
personnel and by a motor carrier that accesses its own safety profile; 
it is not publicly available. The public can, however, see information 
on the number and severity of crashes involving the motor carrier.

B. Interventions

    Interventions are a suite of enforcement tools ranging from warning 
letters to comprehensive investigations that provide carriers with the 
information necessary to understand

[[Page 3569]]

their safety problems and to change unsafe behavior.
    Currently, when a motor carrier's SMS scores meet or exceed 
established intervention thresholds the Agency prioritizes it for 
investigations or enforcement. The SMS intervention thresholds are as 
follows:

                                    Table 3--Intervention Thresholds for SMS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Basic                                         SMS Intervention thresholds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Passenger                   HM          All others
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsafe Driving, HOS, Crash Indicator..........  Greater than or equal to (>=)              >=60%           >=65%
                                                 50%.
Driver Fitness, Controlled Substances/Alcohol,  >=65%...........................           >=75%           >=80%
 Vehicle Maintenance.
HM............................................  >=80............................           >=80%           >=80%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    It is important to note that the thresholds FMCSA currently uses to 
select carriers for an intervention, using SMS, are not the same 
measures that are being proposed in this NPRM for the SFD failure 
standards. (See Section 2.4 of proposed appendix B to part 385 below.)

C. Current SFD Process

    SFDs are currently determined based on data collected during a CR 
or other investigation. The existing SFD process uses six factors to 
rate carriers' safety performance. Portions of the regulations (the 
FMCSRs and the HMRs) with similar characteristics are grouped together 
into six factors:

Factor 1 General--Parts 387 and 390
Factor 2 Driver--Parts 382, 383, and 391
Factor 3 Operational--Parts 392 and 395
Factor 4 Vehicle--Parts 393 and 396
Factor 5 HM--Parts 171, 177, 180, and 397
Factor 6 Accident \45\ factor--Recordable accident rate per million 
miles
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ The term ``crash'' is synonymous to the term ``accident'' 
as defined in 49 CFR 390.5 and may be used interchangeably in this 
document. See 79 FR 59457, October 2, 2014.

    FMCSA calculates a vehicle out-of-service rate, reviews crash 
involvement, and conducts an in-depth examination of the motor 
carrier's compliance with the acute and critical regulations of the 
FMCSRs and HMRs, currently listed in 49 CFR part 385, appendix B, part 
VI.
     ``Acute regulations'' are those where noncompliance is so 
severe as to require immediate corrective action, regardless of the 
overall safety management controls of the motor carrier.
     ``Critical regulations'' are related to management or 
operational systems controls.
    Overall noncompliance is calculated and rated on a point system 
according to the six factors. During the investigation, for each 
instance of noncompliance with an acute regulation or each pattern of 
noncompliance with a critical regulation one point is assessed. 
Patterns of noncompliance with HOS are assessed two points. For a 
critical regulation, the number of violations required to meet the 
threshold for a pattern is equal to at least 10 percent of those 
sampled, and more than one violation must be found to establish a 
pattern. In addition, on-road safety data is used in calculating the 
vehicle and crash factors.
    If any of the six factors is assessed one point, then that factor 
is rated as ``conditional.'' If any of the six factors is assessed two 
points, then that factor is rated as ``unsatisfactory.'' Two or more 
individual factors rated as ``unsatisfactory'' will result in an 
overall rating of ``unsatisfactory.'' One individual factor rated as 
``unsatisfactory'' and more than two individual factors rated as 
``conditional'' will also result in an ``unsatisfactory'' rating 
overall. See Table 4 below:

                    Table 4--Current SFD Rating Table
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Factor ratings
-----------------------------------------------------   Overall safety
         Unsatisfactory               Conditional           rating
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0...............................  2 or fewer........  Satisfactory
0...............................  More than 2.......  Conditional
1...............................  2 or fewer........  Conditional
1...............................  More than 2.......  Unsatisfactory
2 or more.......................  0 or more.........  Unsatisfactory
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency's current SFD process is resource-intensive and reaches 
only a small percentage of motor carriers. In FY 2012, FMCSA and its 
State partners conducted approximately 17,000 ratable reviews out of a 
population of more than approximately 525,000 active motor carriers. A 
ratable review is one that could potentially result in a conditional or 
unsatisfactory safety rating. Table 5 presents the distribution of 
ratable reviews conducted.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ Motor Carrier Safety Progress Report, FMCSA, as of March 
31, 2013. Under the ``Carrier Reviews'' section, figures are summed 
to obtain counts in Table 5. Accessed April 29, 2015 at https://cms.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/data-and-statistics/motor-carrier-safety-progress-report-33113.

  Table 5--Distribution of Ratable Investigations Types in FY 2012 \46\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Investigation type                         Number
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratable Full CRs/Comprehensive On-Site Investigations...           6,641
Ratable Focused CRs/Focused On-Site Investigations......          10,361
                                                         ---------------
    Total...............................................          17,002
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Of the 17,002 ratable reviews conducted in FY 2012, 1,013 resulted 
in a proposed unsatisfactory safety rating, while an additional 3,618 
resulted in a proposed or final safety rating of conditional.
    The Agency concludes that changes to the SFD process are needed for 
many reasons. First, the current SFD methodology evaluates a motor 
carrier's compliance using only a limited range of inspection data. 
Additionally, the current process does not integrate all of the data 
that is available in MCMIS. Over 3.5 million inspections are conducted 
each year, and this information is not effectively used to remove 
unsafe operators from our Nation's roadways.
    Second, the safety rating is a snapshot of a company's safety 
performance on a specific date. The Agency's MCMIS database reflects 
safety ratings dating back to 1986, and many of the ratings are not 
likely to reflect the carriers' current safety compliance.
    Third, the current SFD process is not designed to continually 
monitor motor carrier on-road safety data. In addition, the assignment 
of a ``satisfactory'' safety rating implies to the public, correctly or 
not, that the Agency has approved the current operations of a motor 
carrier, when actually FMCSA has merely rated the operations for the 
specific period covered by the CR. The assigned safety rating thus may 
not reflect the company's current compliance and could be misleading to 
those who might interpret it as a reflection of a motor carrier's 
current safety status.

[[Page 3570]]

    Fourth, under the current SFD process, a motor carrier may continue 
to operate indefinitely with a conditional rating even if a ratable 
review reveals breakdowns in safety management controls in multiple 
areas. For example, a motor carrier with noncompliance documented by an 
investigation in areas such as vehicle maintenance (factor 4) and 
controlled substances and alcohol testing (factor 2) would receive only 
a proposed conditional rating, which, if it became final, still allows 
the motor carrier to continue operating.
    Fifth, as noted above, the current regulations only allow the 
Agency and its State partners to assess or rate the safety fitness of a 
small population of motor carriers on an annual basis. This proposal 
expands the number of assessed and rated carriers.
    Lastly, FMCSA has two open NTSB recommendations related to changing 
the safety fitness methodology on which the Agency has agreed to take 
action: \47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ These recommendations are available through the NTSB Safety 
Recommendations-Search and View Web pages. Retrieved April 6, 2015, 
from: http://www.ntsb.gov.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     H-99-006: Change the safety fitness rating methodology so 
that adverse vehicle and driver performance-based data alone are 
sufficient to result in an overall unsatisfactory rating for the 
carrier.
     H-12-017: Include safety measurement system rating scores 
in the methodology used to determine a carrier's fitness to operate in 
the safety fitness rating rulemaking for the new Compliance, Safety, 
Accountability initiative.
    For these reasons, the Agency proposes to make the changes to the 
SFD process reflected in this NPRM.

D. Data Quality Program

    Over the past several years, the Agency has significantly improved 
the quality of safety data on motor carriers and considers the State-
reported driver and vehicle inspection and crash data to be reliable. 
All of the States receive MCSAP grant funds from FMCSA and are required 
to establish programs to ``ensure that . . . accurate, complete, and 
timely motor carrier safety data is collected and reported'' and to 
participate in a national motor carrier safety data correction 
system.\48\ FMCSA sets a goal for States to provide standard, basic 
information about large truck and bus crashes within 90 days of the 
crash event and results of driver/vehicle inspections within 21 days. 
In addition, FMCSA implemented a comprehensive set of data quality 
initiatives to assist the States in improving the accuracy, timeliness, 
completeness, and consistency of crash and inspection data. The process 
provides the States and FMCSA with a monthly report that summarizes the 
latest performance results and tracks progress toward meeting FMCSA's 
goals. Also, evaluation teams made up of technical experts from the 
DOT's John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center and FMCSA 
conduct reviews of the data collection processes for State-reported 
crash and inspection data. These reviews identify areas for potential 
process improvement. These initiatives have resulted in a significant 
improvement in the quality of State-reported data over the past several 
years.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \48\ 49 U.S.C. 31102(b)(1)(Q). See also (1) section 4128 of 
SAFETEA-LU, Pub. L. 109-59, 119 Stat. 1144, 1742 (Aug. 10, 2005) 
(providing for State Safety Data Improvement Program Grants ``to 
improve the accuracy, timeliness, and completeness of . . . safety 
data''), (2) section 32603(c) of Moving Ahead for Progress in the 
21st Century Act (MAP-21), Pub. L. 112-141, 126 Stat. 405 (July 6, 
2012) (additional State Safety Data Improvement grant funding was 
provided for fiscal years 2013 and 2014), and (3) 49 CFR 350.201(s), 
350.211, 350.327(b)(3) and (5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, FMCSA developed the DataQs online system to facilitate 
data corrections and to track corrective actions.\49\ DataQs provides a 
single, Web-based location that allows the industry to file and monitor 
Requests for Data Review (RDRs) concerning Federal and State data 
released to the public. Through the DataQs system, data concerns are 
forwarded automatically to the appropriate office for resolution, 
including State partners. The system also allows filers to monitor the 
status of each request. Requests for changes to data based on 
adjudicated citations are also processed through the DataQs system.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ FMCSA established the DataQs system in accordance with the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Guidelines for Implementing 
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations 
Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 106-554). OMB directed Federal 
agencies subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Chapter 
35) to establish and implement written guidelines to ensure and 
maximize the quality, utility, objectivity, and integrity of the 
information they disseminate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMCSA also evaluates State-reported crash and inspection data and 
releases evaluation data to the public on a quarterly basis on the 
FMCSA Web site. The evaluation uses the State Safety Data Quality map 
to rate the States on the completeness, timeliness, accuracy, and 
consistency of State-reported crash and inspection data reported to 
MCMIS (http://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/DataQuality/dataquality.asp \50\). As of 
October 2015, only the District of Columbia and Massachusetts had a 
``poor'' rating and two States (Connecticut and Maryland) have ``fair'' 
ratings. All other States have ``good'' ratings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ Accessed on April 6, 2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

VI. Proposed SFD Changes

A. Numbers of Inspections and Violations Used in This Proposal

    FMCSA uses 11 inspections as the minimum number for several 
different analyses and considerations in Tables 6 through 16. Table 6 
below is provided to clarify the various applications of the 11-
inspection requirement. To receive a safety fitness determination based 
on inspections a motor carrier must have had at least 11 inspections in 
the previous 24 months.

                             Table 6--Number of Inspections With Violations Required
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Minimum number
                                               Minimum number     of inspections
                   Action                      of inspections    with violations            Explanation
                                                  required           required
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assess.....................................                 11                  0  If a motor carrier has 11
                                                                                    inspections in MCMIS, the
                                                                                    Agency has sufficient
                                                                                    information to assess it.
Data Sufficiency for Potential to Fail a                    11                 11  This is the data threshold
 BASIC.                                                                             that must be met before a
                                                                                    carrier could fail a BASIC.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 3571]]

B. Only One SFD--Unfit

    In this NPRM, FMCSA proposes to eliminate the current three-tier 
rating system (i.e., satisfactory-conditional-unsatisfactory). FMCSA 
proposes to change its SFD system to a single determination--unfit. The 
Agency has statutory discretion to establish the nomenclature for 
safety fitness determinations.\51\ In addition, the safety fitness 
statute requires FMCSA to determine only ``whether an owner or operator 
is fit'' to continue to operate on the Nation's roadways, and it 
prescribes specific consequences for motor carriers found to be not 
fit. It prohibits such carriers from engaging in interstate 
transportation \52\ or transportation that affects interstate 
commerce.\53\ It also prohibits any U.S. Government agency from using 
such carriers for transportation.\54\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \51\ 49 U.S.C. 31133(a)(10), 31144(b).
    \52\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(c)(1)-(3).
    \53\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(c)(5).
    \54\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This change to the SFD process would address some of the 
shortcomings of the current safety rating system. Most importantly, it 
would help focus the Agency's resources on removing unsafe carriers 
from the Nation's highways. In addition, it would eliminate the 
misperception that a satisfactory rating means that FMCSA approves of 
the current operations of a motor carrier. FMCSA believes that the term 
``unfit'' conveys a clearer and more accurate message to the public 
than the term ``unsatisfactory.'' These changes better align the safety 
fitness regulations with the Agency's mission to remove unsafe 
operators from the Nation's roadways. At the same time, the change 
makes clear that the Agency will not devote its limited enforcement 
resources toward reviews initiated for the sole purpose of assigning a 
more positive safety rating label to carriers that are not prohibited 
from operating in interstate or intrastate commerce.

C. Three Paths to ``Proposed Unfit''

    Based on the Agency's experience with SMS and interventions, FMCSA 
believes that integration of on-road safety data into the SFD process 
would improve the safety evaluation of motor carriers and the 
identification of unsafe motor carriers as unfit. Under this proposal, 
unfit determinations could be based on one of three methodologies.
     Unfit Method 1: Carrier with Two or More Failed BASICs 
from On-Road Safety Performance
     Unfit Method 2: Carrier with Violations of the Revised 
Critical and Acute Regulations Identified Through an Investigation
     Unfit Method 3: Combination of Inspection Data and 
Investigation Results
    Figures 1, 2, and 3 illustrate how, under this proposal, carriers 
could receive proposed unfit safety fitness determinations. This 
information is also provided in appendix B. Extensive detail for each 
method is provided below. These paths to a proposed unfit determination 
are not mutually exclusive. For example, even though an owner or 
operator regularly undergoes the monthly assessment under Unfit Method 
1, at any time, if circumstances warrant, FMCSA can conduct an 
investigation under Unfit Method 2 to determine whether the owner or 
operator is fit.

[[Page 3572]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.000


[[Page 3573]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.001

1. Unfit Method 1: Carrier With Two or More Failed BASICs From On-Road 
Safety Performance Is Proposed Unfit
    Under Unfit Method 1, violations recorded on inspections would be 
sorted into the five BASICs for which on-road safety data is considered 
under the proposed SFD process: Unsafe Driving, HOS Compliance, Driver 
Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, and HM Compliance. (Under the proposed 
SFD process, a motor carrier can fail the Crash Indicator BASIC or the 
Controlled Substances and Alcohol BASIC only based upon investigation 
findings under Unfit Method 2.)
    The proposed rule would require 11 or more inspections with 1 or 
more violations in each, in a single BASIC, before a carrier could fail 
the BASIC for SFD purposes. The Agency proposes 11 or more inspections 
with violations, rather than the minimum of 3 to 5 inspections with 
violations required for SMS intervention, because this higher number 
provides a higher confidence level in assessing safety fitness, which 
is appropriate due to the seriousness of the regulatory consequences.
    While more inspections with violations might be an even stronger 
indicator of non-compliance, as was recommended by the Government 
Accountability Office (GAO) for the Agency's SMS,\55\ a significantly 
greater data requirement--e.g., 20 inspections with violations--would 
mean that an unreasonably large percentage of carriers would never 
reach this threshold in a 24-month period. FMCSA believes that a more 
than twofold difference from the higher SMS inspection requirement is 
sufficient and appropriate for SFD. The Agency's analysis indicates 
that requiring 11 or more inspections with 1 or more violations in each 
increases the proportion of medium to large carriers falling within the 
``SFD eligible'' population, compared to a 5 or more inspection 
requirement, but still does not result in small motor carriers escaping 
scrutiny. The Agency notes that carriers with 10 or fewer inspections 
with violations are still subject to safety fitness determinations 
under Unfit Method 2. The Agency also notes that raising the inspection 
requirement above 20 violations as GAO recommends for SMS as shown in 
tables 8 to 13, the groups of 11 to 20 inspections showed the highest 
crash risk compared to carriers with more inspections.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \55\ ``Modifying the Compliance, Safety, Accountability Program 
Would Improve the Ability to Identify High Risk Carriers,'' U.S. 
Government Accountability Office, Report No. GAO-14-114, February 3, 
2014. See http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-14-114, accessed April 6, 
2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 7 illustrates the number of carriers that have 11 or more 
inspections with 1 or more violations in each in a 24-month period and, 
therefore, would have sufficient data to be evaluated for an SFD, 
compared to carriers with 5 or more inspections.

         Table 7--Number of Carriers That Have 11 or More or 5 or More Inspections in a 24-Month Period
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       11+ inspections (SFD)       5+ inspections (intervention)
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                   Power units                                      Percent of                      Percent of
                                                     Number of      total shown      Number of      total shown
                                                     carriers        (percent)       carriers        (percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 or fewer......................................          31,957            42.1          86,486            59.5
6 to 15.........................................          21,885            28.9          32,974            22.7
16 to 50........................................          14,843            19.6          18,122            12.5
51 to 500.......................................           6,558             8.6           7,058             4.9

[[Page 3574]]

 
501+............................................             585             0.8             597             0.4
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................          75,828             100         145,237             100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The weight of a safety event would decrease over time, with more 
recent events having a greater impact on a motor carrier's BASIC scores 
than events from the more distant past. Under this proposal the Agency 
would not use events older than 24 months in determining a motor 
carrier's safety performance measure.
    FMCSA emphasizes that a carrier that receives a proposed unfit 
determination under Method 1 may have the opportunity to enter into a 
compliance agreement which could provide it an opportunity to improve 
its safety performance and avoid a final determination of unfit. 
Therefore, the increased scrutiny that comes with poor results from 11 
inspections with violations within 24 months does not mean the carrier 
would automatically face an operations out-of-service order. It would 
be required, however, to correct deficiencies in its safety management 
controls sooner than it would if the Agency waited for a larger number 
of inspections. The Agency requests comments on the minimum number of 
inspections and minimum number of violations that should be considered 
in making a proposed unfit determination.
Proposed Failure Standards for Unfit Method 1
    The proposed failure standard for an SFD would be set at an 
absolute value that would equate to higher levels (i.e., poorer safety 
performance) than those used in SMS for interventions. That absolute 
value--a figure based on time- and severity-weighted violations divided 
by the number of relevant inspections or vehicles for different safety 
event groups--would be set at the time when the SFD rule becomes final.
    The Agency's goal is to establish failure standards that would 
identify motor carriers with a high crash risk. However, the Agency 
must take into consideration existing enforcement resources and strike 
a balance between the population identified and the ability to handle 
the associated workload.
    In considering what absolute failure standards to propose, the 
Agency considered four options, based on different SMS percentiles. The 
standards considered equate roughly to the 95th, 96th, 98th, and 99th 
percentiles for all motor carriers with 11 or more inspections with 
violations for the 24-month period that ended on March 22, 2013. The 
proposed failure standards for each BASIC, as calculated through 
inspections, are presented in Tables 8 through 13. But the standards in 
the final rule will be based on a more current data and calculation 
completed closer to the final rule's publication date.
    For purpose of analysis in this rulemaking, the Agency proposes to 
use the absolute failure standards that equate to the 99th percentile 
for the Driver Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, and HM Compliance BASICs. 
This failure standard is equivalent to the absolute value that defines 
the worst 1 percent of motor carriers with 11 or more inspections, each 
with 1 or more violations, in a BASIC as of the date of the 
calculation--March 22, 2013. (See also Table 16 below.)
    The failure standard for Unsafe Driving and HOS Compliance would be 
more stringent than the other BASICs and require a higher level of 
compliance. A measure equivalent to the 96th percentile would be used 
for the Unsafe Driving and HOS Compliance BASICs. FMCSA based this 
standard on the stronger correlation of these BASICs to previous 
crashes.\56\ During CSA development, the Agency discussed having these 
two BASICs be ``stand-alone'' BASICs in the SFD rulemaking; \57\ 
meaning that failing even one of these two BASICs would result in a 
proposed unfit SFD. However, based on both the Agency's analysis for 
this proposal and the ATRI research, mentioned above, using more BASICs 
to determine a carrier's safety fitness has been shown to be a better 
measure of the overall safety performance of the carrier.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \56\ John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, 
``Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Violation Severity 
Weights,'' December 2010.
    \57\ See 72 FR 62293, at 62299, (Nov. 2, 2007), Comprehensive 
Safety Analysis 2010 Initiative, Notice of public listening session.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Crash Indicator BASIC and the Controlled Substances/Alcohol 
Compliance BASIC would be examined only during investigations, because 
the Crash Indicator BASIC currently does not include preventability 
determinations, and controlled substances and alcohol violations from 
on-road safety data would rarely meet the data sufficiency standards.
    Failure standards for each of the five BASICs relevant to Unfit 
Method Number 1 would be established for up to four different safety 
event groups. (A full explanation of safety event groups is provided 
below.) A carrier meeting or exceeding the failure standard in its 
safety event group in the specific BASIC would fail that BASIC for SFD 
purposes. Tables 8 through 16 below show the options FMCSA considered 
for each BASIC.
    In SMS, a carrier's performance is compared every month to other 
carriers in its safety event group. As a result, improved performance 
by other carriers could result in the carrier having higher (worse) 
percentiles, without the carrier having committed any additional 
violations. By contrast, in the proposed SFD process, each month a 
carrier's performance would be compared to an absolute failure standard 
that would be set in regulation based on each safety event group. 
Because the absolute failure standard would not change by the month but 
instead would only change after rulemaking by the Agency, with notice 
and an opportunity to comment, changes in another company's performance 
would not impact the motor carrier. The carrier's measure would reflect 
its own performance against the failure standard.
    Tables 8 through 13 below show proposed failure standards that 
would apply for each of the five BASICs used in this methodology. For 
all of the BASICs except Unsafe Driving, the threshold would be 
determined by

[[Page 3575]]

dividing the number of time- and severity-weighted violations by the 
number of relevant inspections. The specific numerators and 
denominators that would be used to determine the proposed failure 
standard for each BASIC are identified in appendix B. For purposes of 
clarifying and analyzing this proposal only, failure standards are 
presented below based on the data available as of March 22, 2013. But 
the standards in the final rule will be based on a more current 
calculation completed closer to the final rule's publication date.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ Combination vehicle segments include those motor carriers 
that operate either truck tractors or motor coaches.
    \59\ Straight truck segments include all carriers that operate 
straight trucks, HM cargo tank trucks, or school buses/mini-buses/
limousines/vans with capacity of 9 or more passengers. These 
different types of power units are defined on the FMCSA 
Registration/Update(s) (Application for USDOT Number/Operating 
Authority Registration), Form MCSA-1. See http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=FMCSA-1997-2349-0195.

 Table 8--Unsafe Driving Failure Standards (Generally, Weighted Violations Divided by Power Units--See Appendix
                   B, Section 2.4)--Combination \58\ Vehicle Segment--Alternatives Considered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure
 Safety Event Group  (number of inspections with     standard        standard        standard        standard
           unsafe driving violations)              equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to
                                                        95%             96%             98%             99%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 to 21........................................           12.74           14.21           18.54           27.25
22-57...........................................            8.77            9.58            13.5           18.98
58-149..........................................            5.47            6.26            8.10            9.71
150+............................................            2.77            2.80            2.90            3.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


   Table 9--Unsafe Driving Failure Standards: (Weighted Violations Divided by Power Units) Straight Truck \59\
                                        Segment--Alternatives Considered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure
 Safety event group  (number of inspections with     standard        standard        standard        standard
           unsafe driving violations)              equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to
                                                        95%             96%             98%             99%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 to 18........................................            8.19            9.64           11.47           15.99
19-49...........................................            4.59            5.12            7.31           12.05
50+.............................................            1.36            1.47            1.89            2.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table 10--Hours of Service Compliance Failure Standards (Weighted Violations Divided by Driver Inspections)--
                                             Alternatives Considered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure
      Safety event group  (number of driver          standard        standard        standard        standard
                  inspections)                     equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to
                                                        95%             96%             98%             99%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 to 20........................................            3.88            4.15            4.94            5.65
21-100..........................................            2.94            3.13            3.66            5.21
101-500.........................................            2.09            2.20            2.44            2.69
501+............................................            1.46            1.54            1.73            1.91
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table 11--Driver Fitness Failure Standards (Weighted Violations Divided by Driver Inspections)--Alternatives
                                                   Considered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure
      Safety event group  (number of driver          standard        standard        standard        standard
                  inspections)                     equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to
                                                        95%             96%             98%             99%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 to 20........................................            1.54            1.68            2.19            2.74
21-100..........................................            0.78            0.86            1.11            1.39
101-500.........................................            0.29            0.31            0.39            0.50
501+............................................            0.14            0.15            0.19            0.24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


     Table 12--Vehicle Maintenance Failure Standards (Weighted Violations Divided by Vehicle Inspections)--
                                             Alternatives Considered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure
     Safety event group  (number of vehicle          standard        standard        standard        standard
                  inspections)                     equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to
                                                        95%             96%             98%             99%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 to 20........................................           14.19           14.93           16.94           18.79

[[Page 3576]]

 
21-100..........................................           11.96           12.62           14.38           16.12
101-500.........................................            8.84            9.18           10.36           11.82
501+............................................            6.54            6.77             7.9            8.91
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


      Table 13--HM Compliance Failure Standards (Weighted Violations Divided by Placarded HM Inspections)--
                                             Alternatives Considered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure   BASIC Failure
   Safety event group  (number of placarded HM       standard        standard        standard        standard
                  inspections)                     equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to   equivalent to
                                                        95%             96%             98%             99%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 to 20........................................            4.18            4.34            5.55            6.87
21-100..........................................            2.81            2.99            3.65            4.82
101-500.........................................            1.86            1.96            2.34            2.56
501+............................................            1.33            1.46            1.83            1.95
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The percentage of carriers and crash rates of carriers under 
FMCSA's jurisdiction are presented in Tables 14 and 15 below for the 
purpose of comparison. Table 14 displays the frequency with which motor 
carriers are identified as ``unfit,'' based on the number of power 
units (PU) the carrier operates. Table 15 show the crash rates for the 
same motor carriers.

     Table 14--Distribution of Proposed Unfit Determinations by Power Units (PU) Groups for Each Alternative
                                                   Considered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   5 or fewer PU    6 to 15 PU      16 to 50 PU    51 to 500 PU
     Alternatives considered            (%)             (%)             (%)             (%)        501+ PU  (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Population of Carriers              82.8            11.2             4.4             1.5             0.1
 with Recent Activity * as of
 March 2013 (Baseline for
 comparison)....................
Option 1: Equivalent to 95th                63.1            22.2            10.8             3.5             0.3
 percentile for Unsafe Driving
 and HOS and 98th percentile for
 Driver Fitness, Vehicle
 Maintenance, and HM (Based on
 11+ inspections with
 violations)....................
Proposed Option: Equivalent to              63.9            22.3            10.2             3.3             0.3
 96th percentile for Unsafe
 Driving and HOS and 99th
 percentile for Driver Fitness,
 Vehicle Maintenance, and HM
 (based on 11+ inspections with
 violations)....................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Recent Activity means a motor carrier has had any recorded activity in the past 36 months related to an
  inspection, crash, investigation (including new entrant audit), MCS-150 update, registration activity,
  insurance or Unified Carrier Registration payment, process agent update or name/ownership change. Also, any
  carrier with active for-hire operating authority is considered as having ``recent activity.'' Using this
  definition, FMCSA intends to remove from its motor carrier census motor carriers with ``active status'' that
  have left the industry years ago but still remain in the census because they never notified FMCSA that they
  stopped operating CMVs.

    Both considered options noted above result in inclusion of a 
smaller proportion of small (5 or fewer power units) carriers than 
small carriers represent nationally. Therefore, neither of these 
options is numerically biased against small carriers, as demonstrated 
in Tables 15 and 16.

              Table 15--Crash Rates of Carriers Determined To Be Unfit--by Alternatives Considered
                                      [in crashes per 100 power units (PU)]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Alternatives considered       5 or fewer PU    6 to 15 PU      16 to 50 PU    51 to 500 PU       501+ PU
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Population of Carriers               2.2             2.3             2.4             2.2             1.8
 with Recent Activity as of
 March 2013 (Baseline for
 comparison)....................
Option 1: Equivalent to 95th                 6.7             5.3             4.8             3.6             2.6
 percentile for Unsafe Driving
 and HOS and 98th percentile for
 Driver Fitness, Vehicle
 Maintenance, and HM (Based on
 11+ inspections with
 violations)....................

[[Page 3577]]

 
Proposed Option: Equivalent to               6.5             5.2             4.7             3.8             3.5
 96th percentile for Unsafe
 Driving and HOS and 99th
 percentile for Driver Fitness,
 Vehicle Maintenance, and HM
 (Based on 11+ inspections with
 violations)....................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The highest crash rates identified (between 6.5 and 6.7) are all in 
the small (5 or fewer power units) carrier population. This suggests 
that small carriers are not unfairly selected under either of the two 
proposed models.
    Table 16 presents the overall crash rates of carriers identified by 
two or more failed BASICs from inspections. The nation-wide crash rate 
of the general carrier population is 2.13 per 100 power units. The 
general carrier population crash rate was calculated on a consistent 
time frame as that of the carriers identified under the proposed 
process.

                   Table 16--Number of Total Failed Carriers and the Corresponding Crash Rate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Number of
                                  carriers unfit
                                   based on 2 or    Crash rate
                                    more failed    (crashes per       Active        Crashes for     Power units
     Alternatives considered          BASICs         100 power       carriers         active        for active
                                    (inspection       units)                         carriers        carriers
                                    violations
                                       only)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Option 1: Equivalent to 95th                 479            3.75             387             569          15,161
 percentile for Unsafe Driving
 and HOS/98th percentile for
 Driver Fitness, Vehicle
 Maintenance, and HM (Based on
 11+ inspections with
 violations)....................
Proposed Option: Equivalent to               262            8.28             211             300           3,625
 96th percentile for Unsafe
 Driving and HOS/99th for Driver
 Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance,
 and HM (Based on 11+
 inspections with violations)...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Of the two options presented, the proposed option identifies the 
carriers (262) that have the highest overall crash rate (8.28 crashes 
per 100 power units).
    Although Option 1 has a higher net benefit than Option 2, the 
Agency notes that selecting Option 1 may require additional resources 
while Option 2 is largely resource neutral. The Agency can accommodate 
under Option 2 the number of investigations resulting in proposed unfit 
determinations based on its current resources. The number of 
enforcement cases, compliance agreements, and oversight required from 
this population approaches the capacity of the Agency's existing staff. 
Option 2 represents the best balance for the Agency with its limited 
resources. It should be noted that the cost of reallocating Agency 
resources is not included in this analysis. FMCSA seeks comment on this 
policy choice.
    FMCSA proactively addressed concerns about the SMS in the 
development of this SFD proposal. In addition to the differences noted 
above, it is important to point out that other concerns about the 
system including disparities for long-haul and short-haul carriers; 
differences for urban and rural motor carriers, and enforcement 
differences by the States have all been considered. The long and short 
haul differences are minimized by the combination (long-haul) and 
straight truck (short haul) segmentation. The impacts of urban and 
rural transportation are factored into the calculation of the Crash 
Indicator BASIC failure rates. Lastly, while enforcement differences 
exist between the States, since the failure standards proposed in this 
rule are significantly higher than the SMS intervention thresholds, the 
patterns of non-compliance for the carriers that are proposed unfit are 
not the result of these disparities but are the result of recurring 
non-compliance.
Safety Event Groups
    As noted above, the Agency is proposing different SFD failure 
standards within each BASIC. The applicable failure standard for each 
motor carrier would be based on its assigned safety event group. If 
FMCSA did not establish different SFD failure standards for each safety 
event group, a disproportionately high number of small carriers (i.e., 
carriers with few safety events) would be found to be unfit. Larger 
carriers (with many safety events) would rarely fail. The Agency 
believes the reason for this disparity is attributable to the 
statistical phenomenon of higher fail rates among carriers with few 
safety events--``the law of small numbers.'' \60\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ Tversky, A.; Kahneman, D. (1971). ``Belief in the law of 
small numbers''. Psychological Bulletin 76 (2): 105-110. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bul/76/2/105/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Diagram 1 below shows an example of the absolute failure standard 
that corresponds to the worst performing 4 percent of carriers for the 
HOS Compliance BASIC. This data comes from Table 10 above.

[[Page 3578]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.002

    The above diagram shows that establishing a single failure 
standard, without reference to the number of safety events to which a 
motor carrier is exposed, would disproportionately affect those 
carriers with fewer safety events--typically smaller carriers. For 
example, if the HOS Compliance BASIC SFD failure standard were set at 
4.15 for all carriers, 4 percent of carriers with 11-20 inspections 
would fail. However, very few carriers in the remaining safety event 
groups have measures as high as 4.15. A carrier with many inspections 
(21 or more relevant inspections with violations) would be essentially 
immune to BASIC failure from on-road safety performance. Therefore, the 
SFD failure standard needs to be proportionate to the number of safety 
events.
    FMCSA uses the same percentile equivalent (e.g. 96 percentile for 
HOS Compliance BASIC) to make sure all carriers are held to similar 
safety standards regardless of the number of inspections and the 
variance associated with number of inspections. This allows the Agency 
to treat carriers of all sizes as equitably as possible. To adjust the 
failure standard based on the number of inspections would imply that 
carriers of a certain size are inherently more unsafe. This would open 
the Agency to criticism that the rule is biased against small carriers 
or large carriers (depending on how the percentiles are adjusted). 
Given that this proposal is designed to get the most non-compliant 
carriers off the road (regardless of size), the straightforward 
approach is applying the same percentile equivalent to all safety event 
groups.
    A baseball analogy may provide some insight into this impact. A 
major league baseball player's number of at-bats is important to 
evaluating whether his batting average warrants demotion to the minor 
leagues. Likewise, a motor carrier's number of inspections is important 
in evaluating whether its performance warrants adverse SFD 
consequences. For example, 2 hits in 20 at-bats at the beginning of the 
baseball season (i.e., a 0.100 batting average) would generally not get 
a baseball player demoted to the minor leagues. However, 80 hits in 400 
at-bats (i.e., a 0.200 batting average) across an entire season likely 
would get a baseball player demoted, even though his batting average is 
twice as high (0.200 vs. 0.100).\61\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \61\ The average batting average for all of Major League 
Baseball in 2014 was 0.251. See http://espn.go.com/mlb/stats/team/_/stat/batting/year/2014/seasontype/2, accessed on April 6, 2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Similarly, motor carriers with few inspections exhibit a wider 
range of performance measures than carriers with many more inspections. 
A batter might bat 5 for 10 (0.500 average) in the first week of the 
season (corresponding to a high absolute measure), but no batter 
sustains that level through 400 at bats. Similarly, a carrier could 
have an HOS Compliance BASIC violation in each of 5 inspections, but it 
would be almost impossible that a carrier would have 500 HOS Compliance 
BASIC violations in 500 inspections. The greater the number of events, 
be they at-bats or inspections, the narrower the range of realistic 
outcomes. Failure standards that incorporate the number of safety 
events thus ensure that the worst performing motor carriers across all 
sizes and numbers of safety events are subject to an absolute standard.
    When appropriate, the motor carrier's BASICs measures are 
normalized to reflect differences in inspection and

[[Page 3579]]

other safety oversight exposure among motor carriers. The HOS 
Compliance and Driver Fitness measures are normalized by adding the 
number of time-weighted driver inspections, while Vehicle Maintenance 
BASIC measures are normalized by adding the number of time-weighted 
vehicle inspections. The HM Compliance BASIC is normalized by adding 
the number of time-weighted vehicle inspections where placardable 
quantities of HM were present. The inspections used to normalize a 
BASIC measure are considered relevant inspections.
    Motor carrier exposure for the Unsafe Driving BASIC is normalized 
by carrier size using power units and vehicle miles traveled (VMT). 
Carriers with above-average CMV utilization, in terms of VMT per power 
unit as reported from MCMIS, receive a positive adjustment to account 
for the increased exposure to violations that result from miles 
operated by incorporating an Unsafe Driving Utilization Factor. The 
Unsafe Driving BASIC accounts for further carrier differences by 
dividing the carrier population into two segments based on the current 
mix of vehicles operated. This differentiates the levels of exposure 
associated with carriers that have fundamentally different types of 
operations.
    The Unsafe Driving Utilization Factor is a multiplier that adjusts 
the average power unit values based on utilization in terms of VMT per 
average power unit where VMT data from the past 24 months are 
available. In cases where the VMT data have been obtained multiple 
times over the past 24 months for the same carrier, FMCSA proposes to 
use the most current VMT figure reported by the motor carrier during an 
investigation, reported online biennially, or reported on Forms MCSA-1 
or MCS-150. The Utilization Factor would be calculated as follows:
    (1) Determine carrier segment based on the types of vehicles the 
carrier operates (The types of vehicles are ``combination'' \62\ or 
``straight truck.'' These different types of power units are defined on 
the Application for USDOT Registration/Operating Authority (Form MCSA-
1) \63\ instructions);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \62\ The combination segment includes those carriers that 
operate either truck tractors or motor coaches. The instructions for 
``Application for USDOT Registration/Operating Authority'' (Form 
MCSA-1) define a ``motor coach'' as ``a vehicle designed for long 
distance transportation of passengers, usually equipped with storage 
racks above the seats and a baggage hold beneath the passenger 
compartment.'' See http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=FMCSA-1997-2349-0195. Carriers are placed in the 
combination category if 70 percent or more of the carrier's total 
power units meet that definition. The straight truck segment 
includes all other carriers, including those that operate straight 
trucks, HM cargo tank trucks, or school buses/mini-buses/limousines/
vans with a capacity of 9 or more passengers.
    \63\ The Motor Carrier Identification Report (Form MCS-150) will 
be replaced by the Application for USDOT Registration/Operating 
Authority (Form MCSA-1) for most motor carriers on September 30, 
2016, as required by the Unified Registration System final rule 
published on August 23, 2013 (78 FR 52608) and the extension of 
effective dates final rule published on October 21, 2015 (80 FR 
63695). The form MCS-150 will continue to be used by Mexico-
domiciled motor carriers requesting authority to provide 
transportation of property or passengers in interstate commerce 
between Mexico and points in the United States beyond the 
municipalities and commercial zones along the United States-Mexico 
international border. The Agency is considering eliminating the MCS-
150 altogether and would do so by separate rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Calculate the VMT per average power unit by taking the most 
recent positive VMT data \64\ and dividing it by the average power 
units;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \64\ Reported by the motor carrier during an investigation, 
reported online biennially, or reported on Forms MCSA-1 or MCS-150.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) Use the information in (1) and (2) to find the utilization 
factor in Tables 2-3 and 2-4 to appendix B to part 385: VMT per Power 
Unit.
    Use of failure standards that consider the number of safety events 
has precedent. The province of Ontario, Canada uses a similar approach 
in its Commercial Vehicle Operators Registration (CVOR) motor carrier 
safety rating system. A technical document that illustrates Ontario's 
safety rating failure standards based on a motor carrier's number of 
inspections is included in the docket for this document.\65\ The 
Ontario Ministry of Transportation ``analysed the on-road safety 
performance of a large sample of carriers operating in Ontario during 
the two-year period from July 1, 2003 until June 30, 2005. Collision 
rates and safety related conviction rates for each carrier were plotted 
and compared for carriers with varying rates of travel, resulting in a 
standard that identifies acceptable levels of performance. A similar 
standard was developed for vehicle inspection performance based on 
frequency of inspection. Performance standards were determined based on 
monthly kilometric travel. . . . An overall performance level or 
threshold was established for each carrier by weighting the collision, 
conviction and inspection performances in the ratios of 2:2:1. In other 
words, collisions and convictions are given double the weight of 
inspections in determining an operator's overall violation rate 
(performance level)'' page 25.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \65\ Ontario's CVOR and Carrier Safety Rating Public Guideline, 
Ministry of Transportation, St. Catharines, Ontario, November 2011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMCSA proposes that the failure standard for each safety event 
group be the absolute performance measure corresponding to a given 
BASIC percentile at the time the standard is set. For example, the 
absolute failure standards that correspond to the 96th percentile in 
the HOS Compliance BASIC are presented above in Table 10. FMCSA 
specifically seeks comments on the use of absolute failure standards 
based on a motor carrier's number of inspections. In addition, the 
Agency requests information on the impact to commenters if the Agency 
were to move to a different safety event grouping approach--similar to 
Ontario's CVOR process. Under such a different approach, there would be 
more safety event groups in each BASIC and more corresponding BASIC 
failure standards. The carrier groupings would be narrower and more 
closely aligned to the motor carrier's exact number of inspections. For 
example, rather than grouping all motor carriers with 11-20 inspections 
for the Vehicle BASIC, as is proposed in this NPRM, a different 
approach might establish safety event groups and corresponding BASIC 
failure standards for all motor carriers with, for example, 11-13 
inspections, 14-16 inspections, and 17-20 inspections.
    FMCSA seeks comment on setting the standard at the same percentile 
for each safety event group. Would it be appropriate to allow the 
threshold to vary across safety event groups? If so, please provide 
data to support your position.
2. Unfit Method 2: Carrier With Violations of the Revised Critical and 
Acute Regulations Identified Through an Investigation
    Unfit Method 2 would use data only from investigations. For 
example, investigations may begin after receipt of a complaint alleging 
a substantial violation of a regulation is occurring or has occurred, a 
crash report suggesting a substantial violation of a regulation 
occurred, or when a motor carrier's SMS BASIC percentiles meet or 
exceed intervention thresholds. The Agency proposes to use any of the 
investigation types used by the Agency during interventions--either an 
offsite focused, onsite focused, or an onsite comprehensive 
investigation to issue proposed SFDs. This approach would modify the 
Agency's current requirement for an onsite investigation in order to 
issue an SFD. Documentation supporting an unfit determination would be 
collected using existing enforcement guidelines and standards-- 
including sampling methodologies.

[[Page 3580]]

    If a motor carrier is cited for a violation of an acute regulation 
associated with a BASIC, it would fail that BASIC. If a motor carrier 
is cited for a violation of a critical regulation with violations 
discovered in a minimum of 10 percent violation of the records 
examined, it would fail that BASIC. If a motor carrier failed two or 
more BASICs due to violations of the proposed critical and/or acute 
regulations, this would result in a proposed unfit determination. This 
proposed SFD methodology raises the safety standard above that used in 
the current process. Only one violation of a critical regulation, at a 
10 percent or higher violation rate, would be required to fail a BASIC, 
whereas, in the current process, two violations of critical regulations 
are generally required to fail a Factor.
    The costs and benefits associated with this proposal only use 
investigation results from a one month period prior to a proposed SFD. 
FMCSA specifically seeks comments on the length of time that failed 
BASICs from investigations should be reviewed together with failed 
BASICS from on-road safety data to potentially result in a proposed 
SFD.
    As a result of its analysis and alternatives development, FMCSA 
proposes to alter the list of critical and acute regulations. Analysis 
by FMCSA \66\ compared the crash rates of motor carriers with 
violations of the existing list of critical and acute regulations to 
the crash rates of motor carriers with violations of the proposed list 
of critical and acute regulations. The revised, refined list of 
critical and acute regulations correlated to a higher crash rate. For 
the purpose of proposing unfit SFDs, the refined list of critical and 
acute regulations is an equally strong, if not a better, indicator of 
crash risk. A copy of the analysis is included in the docket for this 
rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \66\ ``Estimating the Safety Impact of Proposed Safety Fitness 
Determination (SFD) Criteria,'' FMCSA, May 2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 17 shows the revised acute and critical violations and the 
BASIC with which they would align. The current critical and acute 
regulations may be found at 49 CFR part 385, appendix B, section VII. 
In contrast to on-road inspection violations, violations cited during 
an investigation are not time or severity weighted, see section 2.3.7, 
2.3.8, and 2.3.9 in proposed appendix B to part 385 below.

                                Table 17--Revised Critical and Acute Regulations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              Behavior analysis
                                                                                                 and safety
         Acute or critical                49 CFR section         Description of violation   improvement category
                                                                                                   (BASIC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Critical..........................  173.24(b)(1)                Accepting for               HM Compliance.
                                                                 transportation or
                                                                 transporting a package
                                                                 that has an identifiable
                                                                 release of a HM to the
                                                                 environment.
Critical..........................  173.24b(d)(2)               Loading bulk packaging      HM Compliance.
                                                                 (cargo tank) with an HM
                                                                 which exceeds the maximum
                                                                 weight of lading marked
                                                                 on the specification
                                                                 plate.
Critical..........................  173.33(a)(1)                Offering or accepting a HM  HM Compliance.
                                                                 for transportation in an
                                                                 unauthorized cargo tank.
Critical..........................  173.33(a)(2)                Loading or accepting for    HM Compliance.
                                                                 transportation two or
                                                                 more materials in a cargo
                                                                 tank motor vehicle which
                                                                 if mixed results in an
                                                                 unsafe condition.
Critical..........................  173.33(b)(1)                Loading HM in a cargo tank  HM Compliance.
                                                                 motor would have a
                                                                 dangerous reaction when
                                                                 in contact with the tank.
Critical..........................  177.800(c)                  Failing to instruct a       Driver Fitness.
                                                                 category of employees in
                                                                 HM regulations.
Acute.............................  177.801                     Accepting for               HM Compliance.
                                                                 transportation or
                                                                 transporting a forbidden
                                                                 material.
Critical..........................  177.817(a)                  Transporting a shipment of  HM Compliance.
                                                                 HM not accompanied by a
                                                                 properly prepared
                                                                 shipping paper.
Critical..........................  177.834(i)                  Loading or unloading a      HM Compliance.
                                                                 cargo tank without a
                                                                 qualified person in
                                                                 attendance.
Critical..........................  177.848(d)                  Failing to store, load, or  HM Compliance.
                                                                 transport HM in
                                                                 accordance with the
                                                                 segregation table.
Critical..........................  180.407(a)                  Transporting a shipment of  HM Compliance.
                                                                 HM in cargo tank that has
                                                                 not been inspected or
                                                                 retested in accordance
                                                                 with Sec.   180.407.
Acute.............................  382.115(a)                  Failing to implement an     Controlled
                                                                 alcohol and/or controlled   Substances.
                                                                 substances testing
                                                                 program (domestic motor
                                                                 carrier).
Acute.............................  382.115(b)                  Failing to implement an     Controlled
                                                                 alcohol and/or controlled   Substances.
                                                                 substances testing
                                                                 program (foreign motor
                                                                 carrier).
Acute.............................  382.201                     Using a driver known to     Controlled
                                                                 have an alcohol             Substances.
                                                                 concentration of 0.04 or
                                                                 greater.
Acute.............................  382.211                     Using a driver who has      Controlled
                                                                 refused to submit to an     Substances.
                                                                 alcohol or controlled
                                                                 substances test required
                                                                 under part 382.
Acute.............................  382.215                     Using a driver known to     Controlled
                                                                 have tested positive for    Substances.
                                                                 a controlled substance.
Critical..........................  382.301(a)                  Using a driver before the   Controlled
                                                                 motor carrier has           Substances.
                                                                 received a negative pre-
                                                                 employment controlled
                                                                 substance test result.
Critical..........................  382.303(a)                  Failing to conduct post-    Controlled
                                                                 accident testing on         Substances.
                                                                 driver for alcohol.
Critical..........................  382.303(b)                  Failing to conduct post-    Controlled
                                                                 accident testing on         Substances.
                                                                 driver for controlled
                                                                 substances.
Acute.............................  382.305                     Failing to implement a      Controlled
                                                                 random controlled           Substances.
                                                                 substances and/or an
                                                                 alcohol testing program.
Critical..........................  382.305(b)(1)               Failing to conduct random   Controlled
                                                                 alcohol testing at an       Substances.
                                                                 annual rate of not less
                                                                 than the applicable
                                                                 annual rate of the
                                                                 average number of driver
                                                                 positions.
Critical..........................  382.305(b)(2)               Failing to conduct random   Controlled
                                                                 controlled substances       Substances.
                                                                 testing at an annual rate
                                                                 of not less than the
                                                                 applicable annual rate of
                                                                 the average number of
                                                                 driver positions.

[[Page 3581]]

 
Critical..........................  382.309                     Using a driver without a    Controlled
                                                                 return to duty test.        Substances.
Critical..........................  382.503                     Allowing a driver to        Controlled
                                                                 perform safety sensitive    Substances.
                                                                 function, after engaging
                                                                 in conduct prohibited by
                                                                 subpart B, without being
                                                                 evaluated by substance
                                                                 abuse professional, as
                                                                 required by Sec.
                                                                 382.605.
Critical..........................  383.3(a)/383.23(a)          Using a driver who does     Driver Fitness.
                                                                 not possess a valid CDL.
Acute.............................  383.37(a)                   Knowingly allowing,         Driver Fitness.
                                                                 requiring, permitting, or
                                                                 authorizing an employee
                                                                 who does not have a
                                                                 current CLP or CDL, who
                                                                 does not have a CLP or
                                                                 CDL with the proper class
                                                                 or endorsements, or who
                                                                 operates a CMV in
                                                                 violation of any
                                                                 restriction on the CLP or
                                                                 CDL to operate a CMV.
Acute.............................  383.51(a)                   Knowingly allowing,         Driver Fitness.
                                                                 requiring, permitting, or
                                                                 authorizing a driver to
                                                                 drive who is disqualified
                                                                 to drive a CMV.
Acute.............................  391.11(b)(4)                Using a physically          Driver Fitness.
                                                                 unqualified driver.
Acute.............................  391.15(a)                   Using a disqualified        Driver Fitness.
                                                                 driver.
Critical..........................  391.45(a)                   Using a driver not          Driver Fitness.
                                                                 medically examined and
                                                                 certified.
Critical..........................  391.45(b)(1)                Using a driver not          Driver Fitness.
                                                                 medically examined and
                                                                 certified during the
                                                                 preceding 24 months.
Critical..........................  391.51(a)                   Failing to maintain driver  Driver Fitness.
                                                                 qualification file on
                                                                 each driver employed.
Critical..........................  392.2                       Operating a motor vehicle   Unsafe Driving.
                                                                 not in accordance with
                                                                 the safety laws,
                                                                 ordinances, and
                                                                 regulations of the
                                                                 jurisdiction in which it
                                                                 is being operated.
Critical..........................  392.6                       Scheduling a run which      Unsafe Driving.
                                                                 would necessitate the
                                                                 vehicle being operated at
                                                                 speeds in excess of those
                                                                 prescribed.
Critical..........................  392.9(a)(1)                 Requiring or permitting a   Vehicle Maintenance.
                                                                 driver to drive without
                                                                 the vehicle's cargo being
                                                                 properly distributed and
                                                                 adequately secured.
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(1)(i)              Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive more than
                                                                 15 hours (Driving in
                                                                 Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(1)(ii)             Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty 20
                                                                 hours (Driving in Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(1)(iii)            Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty more
                                                                 than 70 hours in 7
                                                                 consecutive days (Driving
                                                                 in Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(1)(iv)             Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty more
                                                                 than 80 hours in 8
                                                                 consecutive days (Driving
                                                                 in Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(2)(i)              Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 passenger-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive more than
                                                                 15 hours (Driving in
                                                                 Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(2)(ii)             Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 passenger-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty 20
                                                                 hours (Driving in Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(2)(iii)            Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 passenger-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty more
                                                                 than 70 hours in 7
                                                                 consecutive days (Driving
                                                                 in Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(h)(2)(iv)             Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 passenger-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty more
                                                                 than 80 hours in 8
                                                                 consecutive days (Driving
                                                                 in Alaska).
Critical..........................  395.1(o)                    Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty 16
                                                                 consecutive hours.
Critical..........................  395.3(a)(1)                 Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive without
                                                                 taking an off-duty period
                                                                 of at least 10
                                                                 consecutive hours prior
                                                                 to driving.
Critical..........................  395.3(a)(2)                 Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after the
                                                                 end of the 14th hour
                                                                 after coming on duty.
Critical..........................  395.3(b)(1)                 Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty more
                                                                 than 60 hours in 7
                                                                 consecutive days.
Critical..........................  395.3(b)(2)                 Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 property-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty more
                                                                 than 70 hours in 8
                                                                 consecutive days.
Critical..........................  395.5(a)(1)                 Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 passenger-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive more than
                                                                 10 hours.
Critical..........................  395.5(a)(2)                 Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 passenger-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty 15
                                                                 hours.
Critical..........................  395.5(b)(2)                 Requiring or permitting a   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 passenger-carrying CMV
                                                                 driver to drive after
                                                                 having been on duty more
                                                                 than 70 hours in 8
                                                                 consecutive days.
Critical..........................  395.8(a)                    Failing to require driver   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 to make a record of duty
                                                                 status.
Critical..........................  395.8(e)                    False reports of records    HOS Compliance.
                                                                 of duty status.
Critical..........................  395.8(i)                    Failing to require driver   HOS Compliance.
                                                                 to forward within 13 days
                                                                 of completion, the
                                                                 original of the record of
                                                                 duty status.
Critical..........................  395.8(k)(1)                 Failing to preserve         HOS Compliance.
                                                                 driver's record of duty
                                                                 status for 6 months.
Critical..........................  395.8(k)(1)                 Failing to preserve         HOS Compliance.
                                                                 driver's records of duty
                                                                 status supporting
                                                                 documents for 6 months.

[[Page 3582]]

 
Critical..........................  396.3(b)                    Failing to keep minimum     Vehicle Maintenance.
                                                                 records of inspection and
                                                                 vehicle maintenance.
Acute.............................  396.9(c)(2)                 Requiring or permitting     Vehicle Maintenance.
                                                                 the operation of a motor
                                                                 vehicle declared ``out-of-
                                                                 service'' before repairs
                                                                 were made.
Acute.............................  396.11(c)                   Failing to correct Out-of-  Vehicle Maintenance.
                                                                 Service defects listed by
                                                                 driver in a driver
                                                                 vehicle inspection report
                                                                 before the vehicle is
                                                                 operated again.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In some forums for SMS purposes, the Agency has referred to 
violations of certain critical and acute regulations as essential 
safety management violations and fundamental violations, 
respectively.\67\ However, for the purposes of this rulemaking, the 
Agency is not proposing to change the current terminology. Instead, 
FMCSA would revise the list in section VII in appendix B to part 385 
and retain the terms ``critical'' and ``acute.'' This terminology is 
included in the Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999, and is 
familiar to law enforcement and the industry. Proposed revisions to 49 
CFR part 385, appendix B, are explained in detail in Part IX of this 
proposed rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \67\ See 72 FR 62293, at 62299 (Nov. 2, 2007) and 73 FR 53483, 
at 53487 (Sept. 16, 2008).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The critical and acute violations noted in Table 17 above have been 
used for the analysis in the Regulatory Evaluation accompanying this 
proposal. But the Agency is also considering whether to include the 
following violations and seeks comment specifically on these 
violations.
     Sec.  390.35--Making, or causing to make, fraudulent or 
intentionally false statements or records or reproducing fraudulent 
records.
     Sec.  392.4(b)--Requiring or permitting a driver to drive 
while under the influence of, or in possession of, a narcotic drug, 
amphetamine, or any other substance capable of rendering the driver 
incapable of safely operating a motor vehicle.
     Sec.  392.5(b)(1)--Requiring or permitting a driver to 
drive a motor vehicle while under the influence of, or in possession 
of, an intoxicating beverage.
     Sec.  392.5(b)(2)--Requiring or permitting a driver who 
shows evidence of having consumed an intoxicating beverage within 4 
hours to operate a motor vehicle.
     Sec.  392.16--A commercial motor vehicle which has a seat 
belt assembly installed at the driver's seat shall not be driven unless 
the driver has properly restrained himself/herself with the seat belt 
assembly.
     Sec.  392.80(a)--No driver shall engage in texting while 
driving.
     Sec.  392.80(b)--No motor carrier shall allow or require 
its drivers to engage in texting while driving.
     Sec.  392.82(a)(1)--No driver shall use a hand-held mobile 
telephone while driving a commercial motor vehicle.
     Sec.  392.82(a)(2)--No motor carrier shall allow or 
require its drivers to use a hand-held mobile telephone while driving a 
CMV.
     Sec.  396.7(a)--Requiring or permitting operation of a 
motor vehicle in a condition likely to cause an accident or breakdown 
of the vehicle.
     Sec.  396.17(a)--Using a commercial motor vehicle not 
periodically inspected.
    As a result, the Agency seeks comment and data on these regulations 
and others that should be considered critical or acute. Lastly, the 
Agency seeks comment and data on how critical and acute regulations 
should be determined; is associated crash risk the best measurement, or 
is there a better or additional reason?
Crashes
    The statute requires the Agency to consider crashes in determining 
safety fitness.\68\ A motor carrier's crash experience would impact the 
SFD only if the carrier's recordable crashes had first been evaluated 
for preventability as part of an investigation. This is consistent with 
FMCSA's existing methodology. For this purpose, the Agency will 
consider only recordable crashes. A crash is recordable if it involves 
a CMV and meets the definition in 49 CFR 390.5 (defining ``accident'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \68\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency proposes to determine preventability by applying the 
standards and procedures currently utilized in assessing preventability 
of recordable crashes when determining a safety rating. Those 
procedures make use of previously issued guidance for making 
preventability determinations, set out in FMCSA's A Motor Carrier's 
Guide to Improving Highway Safety.\69\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \69\ A Motor Carrier's Guide to Improving Highway Safety, FMCSA-
ESO-08-003, December 2009. Available at http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/eta/index.htm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency calculates a motor carrier's crash rate by multiplying 
the motor carrier's number of recordable interstate and intrastate 
crashes in the previous 12 months by 1,000,000. That result is divided 
by the motor carrier's fleet mileage during the previous 12 months. The 
failure standard for crash rates is 1.5 for general operations and 1.7 
for urban operations. If the motor carrier exceeds the failure 
standard, the crashes will be reviewed for preventability. The crash 
rate will then be recalculated using only preventable crashes. If the 
motor carrier's preventable crash rate remains above the failure 
standard, the motor carrier would then fail the Crash Indicator BASIC.
    In 1997, FMCSA's predecessor, the Federal Highway Administration, 
published a Final Rule (62 FR 60035) indicating that it would use a 
carrier's recordable crash rate as a factor in determining its safety 
rating, but would continue to consider the preventability of such 
crashes when challenged by individual carriers. The thresholds for 
unacceptable crash rates were set using recordable crash data from 
1994-1996. FMCSA seeks comment on whether either the recordable crash 
rate or the preventable crash rate would be more appropriate for use in 
calculating a carrier's SFD and whether the recordable crash rates 
currently incorporated into 49 CFR part 385, appendix B, should be 
retained as thresholds under the new SFD.
3. Unfit Method 3: Combination of Inspection Data and Investigation 
Results
    During an investigation, it may be determined that violations of 
acute or critical regulations result in only one failed BASIC. However, 
the motor carrier may also have one additional BASIC over the SFD 
failure standard based on the most recent 24 months of

[[Page 3583]]

on-road safety data. When, at the time of the investigation, there is 
one failed BASIC as a result of on-road safety data and one or more 
additional failed BASICs as a result of violations discovered during 
the investigation, the motor carrier would be proposed unfit. Crash and 
controlled substances/alcohol information would be considered, as noted 
above, only during the investigation.
4. Specific Applications
English Language Proficiency
    It should be noted that the Agency's analysis, including the 
estimated number of proposed unfit motor carriers, does not include 
violations of 49 CFR 391.11(b)(2) for English Language Proficiency 
(ELP). These violations are also not included in the proposed violation 
tables in appendix B of part 385. The Agency chose to do the analysis 
without this violation based on the Commercial Vehicle Safety 
Alliance's (CVSA) 2014 decision to remove this violation from it's out 
of service criteria. The Agency specifically seeks comments on this 
issue.
Passenger Carriers
    Congress and FMCSA have both acknowledged the increased risk 
associated with transportation of passengers. Currently, FMCSA also 
holds passenger motor carriers to more stringent intervention 
thresholds in SMS.
    The Agency is considering an alternative, more stringent, proposal 
for passenger carriers that would result in a proposed unfit SFD. The 
proposal would have two elements. First, a passenger carrier would 
receive a proposed unfit SFD when it meets or exceeds failure standards 
comparable to the 75th percentile for either the Unsafe Driving or HOS 
Compliance BASIC. Under this part of the alternative proposal, a 
passenger carrier could be proposed unfit for failing either Unsafe 
Driving or HOS Compliance, without failing a second BASIC. Secondly, 
and in addition, FMCSA is considering a structure where a proposed 
unfit SFD would also result if a passenger carrier meets or exceeds SFD 
failure standards comparable to the 90th percentile when the absolute 
thresholds in two of the three other BASICs--Vehicle Maintenance, 
Driver Fitness or HM Compliance.
    The Agency estimates that 270 passenger carriers would be proposed 
as unfit using these alternate failure standards. This would result in 
93 more passenger carriers being proposed unfit than would result from 
using two failed BASICs comparable to the 96th and 99th percentiles, as 
elsewhere proposed in this document. Using data from on-road safety 
data and investigation results, the estimated crash rate for these 270 
passenger carriers is 2.08 applying the same approach used in the 
Regulatory Evaluation. The national average for all passenger carriers 
is 1.09 crashes per 100 power units. The proposed unfit passenger 
carriers using these alternate failure standards had experienced a 
crash rate (2.08 per 100 power units) that was almost twice the 
national passenger carrier rate (1.09 per 100 power units) or an 
increase of 90% ((2.08-1.09/1.09)).
    As a result, the Agency seeks feedback and data on whether 
passenger carriers should be held to more stringent SFD failure 
standards, that is, at an absolute value equivalent to the 75th 
percentile (or some other percentile less than the 96th percentile) for 
the Unsafe Driving and HOS Compliance BASICs failure standards, and 
equivalent to the 90th percentile (or some other percentile less than 
the 99th percentile) for the Driver Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, HM 
Compliance, and Crash Indicator BASICs. The Agency also requests 
comment on whether the proposed failure standards are appropriate.
    The Agency is also interested in alternative methods for 
identifying high risk passenger carriers during an investigation. It is 
considering lowering the minimum rate of violations for a pattern, for 
purposes of a critical regulation violation, from 10 percent to 5 
percent or a lower number. FMCSA seeks comments on this concept.
Hazardous Materials Carriers
    The SMS also has lower intervention thresholds for HM carriers. As 
a result, the Agency seeks feedback and data on whether these carriers 
should be held to a more stringent standard (i.e., lower BASIC failure 
standards). The Agency is specifically interested in feedback on 
whether the failure standard should be different for HM safety permit 
carriers.
    Under this proposal, HM safety permit applicants would continue to 
be required to have a comprehensive onsite investigation comparable to 
the existing CR, conducted at the motor carrier's principal place of 
business, and would be issued a HM safety permit as long as they were 
not unfit and met other applicable requirements. Either inspections or 
another investigation after issuance of the HM safety permit could 
result in an unfit determination, however, thus affecting the HM safety 
permit status.
Foreign Motor Carriers
    Under this proposal, the Agency notes that Mexican, Canadian, and 
Non-North American carriers registered with FMCSA could be found to be 
unfit based on their inspection data and investigation results.
    Mexican long-haul carriers permitted to operate in this country 
beyond border commercial zones are required to have a compliance review 
before being granted standard authority. In the future, if long-haul 
authority is granted, the carrier would be required to have a 
comprehensive investigation comparable to an existing CR within 18 
months of FMCSA granting the carrier provisional operating authority 
registration before being granted standard authority. Additionally, on-
road safety data or findings from another investigation could result in 
an unfit determination, thus affecting the carrier's provisional 
authority status.

D. MAP-21 Requirements for Motor Carriers of Passengers and Operators 
of Motorcoach Services

    A MAP-21 amendment requires the Secretary to conduct initial and 
periodic safety reviews of for-hire motor carriers of passengers.\70\ 
Initial reviews of those motor carriers of passengers that are 
providers of motorcoach services registered with the Secretary after 
October 1, 2012, are to begin no later than two years after the dates 
of their respective registrations. Reviews of such providers registered 
on or before October 1, 2012, are to begin no later than October 1, 
2015.\71\ An uncodified statutory provision of MAP-21 directs the 
Secretary to establish requirements to improve the public accessibility 
of the safety rating information of providers of motorcoach services, 
and advises that the Secretary should also consider requirements for 
public display of such information on motorcoaches, at departure 
terminals, and at ticket sales locations.\72\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \70\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(i)(1), (2) and (4).
    \71\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(i)(1)(B). A ``motorcoach'' is defined for 
this purpose to be the same as an ``over-the-road bus,'' a bus 
characterized by an elevated passenger deck located over a baggage 
compartment, except a bus used by a public transportation agency or 
a school bus. See Section 32702(6) of MAP-21 and section 3038(a)(3) 
of TEA-21 (set out as a note to 49 U.S.C. 5310).
    \72\ MAP-21 section 32707(b), 126 Stat. 814.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    MAP-21 requires the Secretary to determine the safety fitness of 
each motor carrier of passengers through a simple and understandable 
rating system that allows passengers to compare their safety 
performance. MAP-21 also requires the Secretary to assign a safety 
fitness rating to each

[[Page 3584]]

such motor carrier, which is reassessed at least once every 3 years, 
although motor carriers of passengers that serve primarily urban areas 
with high passenger volume are to be reassessed annually.\73\ In 
addition, section 32707(b) of MAP-21 requires that FMCSA improve public 
access to safety fitness information for motorcoach services and 
operations in interstate commerce.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \73\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(i)(1), (2) and (4), added by section 
32707(a) of MAP-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed previously, the Agency is proposing to determine only 
one category of safety fitness--unfit. This determination would also be 
made for some motor carriers of passengers through the monthly 
assessment of the inspection data. If the passenger carrier did not 
have 11 inspections in the previous 24 months by which to be adequately 
assessed, an investigation of the carrier's safety performance would be 
conducted.
    Section 32707(b) also requires the Agency to consider requiring the 
prominent display of safety fitness rating information in each 
motorcoach terminal of departure, on the inside of the motorcoach 
vehicle, and at all points of sale for motorcoach services. The public 
has access to critical information about the safety record and ratings 
of motor carriers of passengers, including providers of motorcoach 
services, on the FMCSA Web site and through the Agency's SaferBus 
application.\74\ FMCSA believes that implementing the statutory 
requirement to consider prominently displaying SFD information at 
terminals, ticket sale locations, and on motorcoaches could result in 
fraudulent information being displayed, and, therefore, is better 
addressed by directing the traveling public to FMCSA's Web site and the 
SaferBus application. FMCSA seeks comments on whether the public's 
access to a for-hire motorcoach operator's safety record on the FMCSA 
Web site and SaferBus application is sufficient to meet the public 
access and display requirements of section 32707(b)(2) of MAP-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \74\ This application is available without charge to Google 
Android users and Apple iPhone and iPad users from the respective 
App Stores, or by going to the FMCSA's ``Look Before You Book'' Web 
site at www.fmcsa.dot.gov/saferbus.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Summary Justification for SFD Proposal

    FMCSA has structured this SFD proposal to identify those motor 
carriers with the highest crash risk. Carriers identified through two 
failed BASICs based solely on on-road safety data (using the 96/99 
percentile threshold standard) have a crash rate of 8.28 crashes per 
100 power units. All carriers with two failed BASICs (including 
carriers failing a BASIC due to a finding during an investigation and 
on-road safety data) have a crash rate of 4.39 crashes per 100 power 
units. This is compared to the nation-wide average crash rate of 2.13 
crashes per 100 power units for all carriers.
    The proposed use of on-road safety data would allow the Agency to 
identify and take action against unsafe motor carriers. Table 18 below 
illustrates both the number of carriers proposed unfit and the 
associated crash rate for two different options for failure standards 
for SFDs. Option 2 is the option proposed in this rulemaking.

                                     Table 18--Number of Carriers Proposed Unfit--Identified With Two Failed BASICs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      All proposed unfit methods:                                                        Proposed unfit
                                       ---------------------------------------------------------   Proposed unfit     Proposed unfit    method 3: Number
                                                                                                  method 1: Number   method 2: Number     of carriers
                                                                                                    of carriers        of carriers       proposed unfit
                                                            Total number of                        proposed unfit     proposed unfit        based on
        Failure standard option          Total number of      crashes for      Associated crash       based on           based on        inspection and
                                        carriers proposed  carriers proposed     rate per 100     inspection data     investigations     investigation
                                              unfit              unfit        power units (PUs)   (and associated    (and associated    (and associated
                                                                                                   crash rate per     crash rate per     crash rate per
                                                                                                      100 PUs)           100 PUs)           100 PUs)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. 1--Equivalent to 95 and 98                      3,291              2,124               3.93         479 (3.75)       2,656 (3.94)         156 (4.66)
 percentiles..........................
No. 2--Equivalent to 96 and 99                      3,056              1,862               4.39         262 (8.28)       2,674 (3.98)         120 (4.61)
 percentiles..........................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency used lessons learned from SMS and feedback from 
stakeholders \75\ in crafting the proposed SFD process. These include 
requiring a higher number of inspections before assessing the motor 
carrier's performance, a higher number of inspections with violations 
before making an SFD, and using absolute failure standards equivalent 
to higher compliance levels than SMS uses for prioritization. Because 
SMS intervention thresholds are lower than the proposed thresholds for 
SFD, under this proposal it is very unlikely that a proposed unfit SFD 
would be the first time that the Agency had an intervention with the 
motor carrier. Most often, the motor carrier would have been subject to 
previous interventions, such as warning letters, focused reviews, and/
or civil penalty enforcement actions. If the safety deficiencies were 
not corrected, however, the carrier could ultimately meet or exceed the 
safety failure standards that result in a proposed unfit SFD.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \75\ See docket FMCSA-2004-18898 titled Comprehensive Safety 
Analysis 2010 Initiative.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

VII. Revised SFD Appeals Process

    After receiving a proposed unfit safety fitness determination, a 
motor carrier would have various administrative proceedings available 
to it before the proposed determination becomes final.\76\ In this 
proposal, four different administrative proceedings would be available. 
However, consistent with current procedures, requests for 
administrative reviews would not automatically stay the unfit 
determination.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \76\ See section IV.A. History of SFDs above for an explanation 
of the 45- and 60-day periods set by statute before a proposed unfit 
SFD becomes final. 49 U.S.C. 31144(c).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. Administrative Review of Material Errors

    This proposal would continue the existing administrative review 
procedure to challenge alleged errors committed in assigning the 
proposed unfit SFD. These requests are decided by FMCSA's Assistant 
Administrator. The proposed administrative review procedures in revised 
49 CFR 385.15 would provide sufficient opportunity

[[Page 3585]]

for a motor carrier to allege errors in an SFD, including allegations 
of error in the validity of violations recorded on a driver/vehicle 
inspection report, even where State administrative or judicial 
proceedings might not be adequate or available. The burden of proof for 
this review would remain with the motor carrier. Such review would now 
have to be sought within 15 days after service of the notice of 
proposed unfit SFD. If no such review is sought within 30 days after 
service of the notice, or the Agency does not agree with the 
allegations of material error, the proposed unfit SFD may become a 
final unfit SFD as described above.
    As indicated above, FMCSA proposes to reduce the time for filing a 
petition for administrative review from the current maximum of 90 days 
to 15 days after the issuance of the proposed unfit SFD. FMCSA 
specifically requests comment on this proposed change in the general 
time for filing of petitions for administrative review, which will 
ensure that decisions will be made before the statutory time periods 
expire.

B. Claiming Unconsidered Inspection Data

    The second proposed administrative review procedure would be new 
and would provide for review based on missing data. Requests for such 
review would be decided by FMCSA's Field Administrators \77\ of the 
FMCSA Service Center responsible for the State, province, or country 
where the carrier's principal place of business is located. Procedures 
would be added at new Sec.  385.16 for administrative review of an 
unfit determination that allegedly did not include all reported data 
from qualifying inspections of the motor carrier's vehicles or drivers, 
such as missing inspections citing no violations during the SFD period. 
For this new review, the burden of proof to show that the missing data 
would impact the proposed unfit SFD would rest with the motor carrier. 
This review would have to be requested within 10 days after service of 
the notice of proposed unfit SFD.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \77\ The proposed definition of the term Field Administrator 
includes the term Regional Field Administrator.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Requests To Operate Under a Compliance Agreement

    The third proposed administrative process would revise FMCSA's 
existing process by allowing carriers that have a proposed unfit SFD to 
defer the final unfit SFD and continue to operate under a compliance 
agreement. The carrier would submit a corrective action plan and would 
agree to monitoring and performance terms. If the corrective action 
plan is found to be acceptable to the Agency, the motor carrier could 
operate under a compliance agreement. This proposal would not remove 
the proposed unfit determination unless the terms of the compliance 
agreement were met throughout an agreed upon period of time. In 
addition, the Agency's Web site would reflect that a motor carrier 
would be operating under a compliance agreement during the agreement 
period.
    To initiate this process, a carrier would have to submit an 
acceptable corrective action plan within the time frames specified in 
proposed Sec.  385.17(d). To be accepted, a corrective action plan 
would have to demonstrate that the carrier is willing and able to 
comply with applicable safety statutes and regulations and demonstrate 
significant changes in its deficient safety management processes. For 
example the carrier may have to demonstrate clearly defined safety 
policies and procedures, documented organizational roles and 
responsibilities for safety compliance, written qualification and 
hiring standards, training and communication plans, and ongoing 
compliance monitoring and tracking procedures. Other potential 
requirements might include, but would not be limited to, installing 
safety technology, providing reports or other documents, and training. 
While decisions on the terms of each compliance agreement would be made 
by FMCSA, standard requirements would include: (1) Monitoring for a 
defined period of time; and (2) strict safety performance standards 
that would have to be met or the carrier would be immediately declared 
unfit. Motor carriers would be expected to maintain performance below 
the SMS intervention thresholds established in the agreement. See Table 
3 earlier in this preamble for the current SMS intervention thresholds. 
Meeting the terms of the compliance agreement for an agreed upon period 
of time with inspections would provide evidence that the motor carrier 
was willing and able to comply with applicable statutes and regulations 
and would result in withdrawal of the proposed unfit SFD. A motor 
carrier would have limited opportunities for administrative review of 
any action denying it an entry into a deferral and compliance 
agreement.

D. Requests To Resume Operations After a Final Unfit Determination

    The fourth unfit SFD administrative review available to a motor 
carrier would be added to establish the new procedures that a motor 
carrier would follow to resume interstate motor carrier operations 
following a final unfit SFD. FMCSA would require a motor carrier that 
has received a final unfit SFD, and wants to begin operating again, to 
have its safety fitness evaluated. The carrier would also need to have 
received new safety registration and, if necessary, new operating 
authority.\78\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \78\ The carrier will retain the same USDOT number. See Unified 
Registration System final rule, August 23, 2013 (78 FR 52608).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Therefore, an unfit motor carrier would be required to submit a 
corrective action plan with its applications for USDOT and operating 
authority registration. The corrective action plan must describe the 
actions the motor carrier completed or is taking to address its safety 
deficiencies. An unfit motor carrier must receive approval of its 
corrective action plan from the appropriate Field Administrator before 
FMCSA would issue a new registration for the motor carrier.
    The unfit motor carrier would also be required to demonstrate to 
FMCSA that it meets the safety fitness standard and is willing and able 
to comply with all statutory and regulatory requirements before 
receiving an updated registration to operate. Finally, the unfit motor 
carrier would have to participate in the New Entrant Safety Assurance 
Program--subpart D of part 385, or, if applicable, either subpart B of 
part 385 for Mexico-Domiciled Carriers or subpart H of part 385 for New 
Entrant Non-North America-Domiciled Carriers, upon resuming motor 
carrier operations in the United States.

E. Carriers Expected To Receive a Final Unfit SFD

    FMCSA estimates that 364 more motor carriers than the number that 
currently receive a final unsatisfactory safety rating will receive a 
final unfit SFD after one or more of the administrative review 
proceedings discussed above. However, these four proceedings provide 
greater opportunities for motor carriers to comply with the federal 
safety regulations. For carriers that would have been rated 
unsatisfactory under the old methodology and would be determined to be 
unfit under the new methodology, the proposed appeals proceedings give 
them an opportunity to continue operating while complying with the 
federal safety regulations under more intense scrutiny from FMCSA. 
Carriers that do not successfully appeal the proposed unfit SFD, or 
that choose not to appeal or submit a corrective action plan, would 
receive a final determination of unfit. In addition, in instances where 
a motor carrier is

[[Page 3586]]

operating under a compliance agreement, a carrier would be issued a 
final unfit SFD if it violates any of the terms specified in the 
compliance agreement.
    Using MCMIS data from September 2010 to September 2012, the Agency 
analyzed the hypothetical effect of this proposed compliance agreement 
rule. The results of the Agency's analysis showed that 490 motor 
carriers would have received a proposed unfit SFD in the first month of 
the analysis period--September 2010. To determine how many carriers 
would receive a final unfit determination within the next 24 months 
after entering into a compliance agreement in September 2010, the 
Agency assumed that a carrier with a proposed unfit determination would 
be required to operate below the more stringent SMS intervention 
thresholds noted in Table 3 above.
    Of the 490 carriers that would have received proposed unfit SFDs in 
the first analyzed month of September 2010, the Agency's analysis 
showed that 74 (15%) went inactive or ceased operations within 24 
months. Of the remaining 416 carriers, 122 (29%) never had sufficient 
data in the next 24 months to recalculate their performance measure 
and, therefore, would be found unfit. Another 169 (41%) would have had 
sufficient data and would have continued to observe the terms of their 
compliance agreement and then the proposed unfit would have been 
retracted, and 125 (30%) would be out of compliance at some time before 
September 2012 and would be found unfit. This baseline analysis 
indicated that about half (48%) of the final unfit determinations would 
occur within the first 6 months of the compliance agreement. The Agency 
acknowledges that the real rate of carriers becoming unfit is expected 
to be lower because these carriers would be aware of the consequences 
of failing to comply with the regulations.

VIII. Implementation of and Transition to Final Rule

A. Proposed MCSAP Requirements

    FMCSA proposes one revision to the conditions required for the 
Agency to provide funds under its MCSAP grant program. FMCSA proposes 
to amend existing 49 CFR 350.201(a) to add the phrase ``by enforcing 
orders on commercial motor vehicle safety and HM transportation 
safety.'' This change would make it clear that States receiving MCSAP 
grants would be expected to enforce various orders issued by FMCSA, for 
example, motor carrier out-of-service orders entered by FMCSA under 49 
CFR 385.13, 386.72, 386.73, 386.83, or similar provisions. This 
provision would assist the stopping of vehicles at the roadside when 
they are operated by motor carriers that disregarded such out-of-
service orders, thereby preventing them from continuing to operate CMVs 
on the Nation's highways. FMCSA notes that for-hire carriers determined 
to be unfit will have their operating authority revoked. Therefore, 
each of the company's vehicles are currently required to be placed out 
of service during a roadside inspection.
    For this population of unfit carriers, the proposed change to the 
MCSAP rules would impose no additional burden on the States. However, 
for private motor carriers and exempt for-hire carriers, some States 
may need legislative or regulatory action to enable their roadside 
inspectors to place CMVs operated by these carriers out of service. The 
States would have 3 years from the effective date of the final rule to 
accomplish these legislative or regulatory actions. FMCSA specifically 
seeks comments on the impacts to the States from these changes and 
requests information on implementation impacts that should be 
considered in finalizing this rule.

B. Implementation of a Final Rule and Transition Provisions

    FMCSA proposes to begin applying the proposed methodology to all 
motor carriers registered with the Agency on the effective date of the 
final rule. FMCSA proposes that the final rule be effective 90 days 
after publication. As a result, the proposed unfit SFDs would result 
from failed BASICs resulting from the monthly update of inspection data 
or from an investigation initiated on or after the 91st day after 
publication of the final rule.
    FMCSA seeks comments on how the Agency might phase in the 
implementation of the final rule to lessen the initial burden on the 
motor carrier industry, the Agency, and its enforcement partners.
    FMCSA also proposes procedures for carriers that receive a 
notification of safety rating and fitness determination under the 
current provisions of 49 CFR 385.11 in the period before this proposed 
rule is issued as a final rule and becomes effective. Proceedings 
regarding fitness determinations for such carriers, including 
administrative reviews under 49 CFR 385.15 and corrective action plans 
under 49 CFR 385.17, would continue to be handled under the provisions 
in existence when the proceeding was initiated until those proceedings 
are completed.

C. General Statements of Enforcement Policy Regarding Violation 
Severity Weights and Time Weights

    The explanation of the SFD methodologies are contained in proposed 
appendix B to part 385. Although most elements of appendix B are 
proposed as regulations, FMCSA proposes to issue certain other elements 
of appendix B as guidance for regulated entities and the public in the 
form of general statements of enforcement policy. Such statements would 
be included as part of the text of appendix B and published in the 
Federal Register (and the Code of Federal Regulations), but they would 
be designated in the final rule as general statements of enforcement 
policy.
    The elements of the proposed SFD methodology that would be treated 
as statements of enforcement policy in appendix B to part 385 would 
include the following:
    1. Violation Severity Weights in Tables 1 to 5 in section 5 of 
appendix B to part 385; and
    2. Time Weights for violations in BASICs in section 2.3.2 of 
appendix B to part 385.
    Safety-based violations documented through inspections and 
associated with each BASIC are assigned severity weights. The stronger 
the relationship between a violation and crash risk, the higher its 
assigned weight. The Agency based these weights on the ``Carrier Safety 
Measurement System (CSMS) Violation Severity Weights'' \79\ study 
(December 2010) that quantifies the associations between violation and 
crash risk. FMCSA adds additional weight for violations that result in 
a driver or vehicle being placed OOS. This study details how the Agency 
assigns the violation severity weights.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \79\ John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, 
``Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Violation Severity 
Weights,'' December 2010.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Publication of the severity and time weights as guidance would 
advise affected persons and the public of the details of the 
methodology that the Agency expects to follow. At the same time, it 
would allow the Agency the flexibility to modify these minor technical 
elements of the proposed methodology, as needed, based on experience 
and additional data.
    Future revisions or adjustments of these elements would be 
published in the Federal Register, together with an explanation of the 
basis for the changes. They would not be operative until such 
publication occurred. If appropriate, public comment would be sought on 
possible changes in the guidance

[[Page 3587]]

elements before final publication and implementation.
    As explained earlier in this preamble, American Trucking 
Associations, Inc. v. U.S. DOT \80\ and other judicial decisions 
recognize that agencies are to be afforded some deference in 
determining the level of specificity called for in regulation and 
related interpretive guidance. Publishing some elements of the SFD 
methodology as guidance is similar to procedures used in other aspects 
of the Agency's safety regulations. Adjustments to the severity and 
time weights would be similar, for example, to the adjustments in the 
threshold crash rates and out-of-service rates for determining when a 
motor carrier can be issued a Hazardous Materials Safety Permit.\81\ If 
the Agency decides to treat any elements of the proposed methodology as 
guidance, the final rule will clearly identify those elements, publish 
them with the final rule, and indicate that they are subject to change 
in accordance with the procedure outlined above.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \80\ 166 F.3d 374 (D.C. Cir. 1999).
    \81\ 49 CFR 385.407 and Change to FMCSA Policy on Calculating 
and Publicizing the Driver, Vehicle, and Hazardous Materials Out-of-
Service Rates and Crash Rates, 77 FR 38215 (June 27, 2012).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IX. Section-by-Section Description of Proposed Rule

    To implement the proposed SFD methodology, FMCSA would amend parts 
350, 365, 385, 386, 387, and 395. The primary changes would be in 
subpart A (Sec. Sec.  385.1 through 385.21) and appendix B to part 385. 
Most regulatory changes are to the terms used in the proposed new 
methodology. FMCSA proposes to make conforming changes in all the 
places where the terms ``satisfactory,'' ``conditional,'' 
``unsatisfactory,'' ``less than satisfactory,'' and ``rating'' occur. 
These include subparts B, D, E, F, H, and I in part 385, as well as 
part 350, part 365, appendix B to part 386, subparts A and C of part 
387, and part 395.

A. Part 350

    FMCSA proposes to amend existing 49 CFR 350.201 to add the phrase 
``by enforcing FMCSA orders on commercial motor vehicle safety and 
hazardous materials transportation safety and by'' in paragraph (a). 
This provision would make it clear that States receiving MCSAP grants 
would be expected to enforce various orders issued by FMCSA, for 
example, motor carrier out-of-service orders and Orders to Cease 
Operations entered by FMCSA under 49 CFR 385.13, 385.325, 386.72, 
386.73, 386.83, or similar provisions for for-hire and private motor 
carriers. This provision would assist FMCSA in stopping vehicles at the 
roadside that are operated by motor carriers that disregard such out-
of-service orders, and would prevent them from continuing to operate 
CMVs on the Nation's highways.

B. Part 365

    FMCSA proposes to revise Sec. Sec.  365.109(a)(3) and 365.507(f) to 
make the language consistent with the proposed new methodology.

C. Part 385

Section 385.1 Purpose and Scope
    Conforming amendments would be made to paragraph (a) of this 
section, to delete references to ``safety ratings'' and 
``unsatisfactory.'' Current text directing motor carriers to take 
remedial action when required, and prohibiting motor carriers 
determined to be unfit from operating a CMV, would remain.
Section 385.3 Definitions and Acronyms
    Roughly half of the definitions in Sec.  385.3 would remain 
substantially the same. However, definitions for the terms ``Reviews'' 
and ``Safety rating or rating'' (including all four subsidiary 
definitions) would be removed. Definitions of the terms ``Acute 
regulation,'' ``Assistant Administrator,'' ``Behavior Analysis and 
Safety Improvement Category,'' ``Compliance review,'' ``Comprehensive 
investigation,'' ``Crash,'' ``Critical regulation,'' ``Failure 
standard,'' ``Field Administrator,'' ``Inspection,'' ``Intervention,'' 
``Investigation,'' ``Measure,'' ``Operating authority registration,'' 
``Performance standard,'' ``Registration,'' ``Roadability review,'' 
``Safety audit,'' ``Safety event group,'' ``Safety management 
controls,'' ``Safety registration,'' and ``Unfit'' would replace the 
deleted terms with language to reflect the new SFD terminology and 
procedures. The new definition of ``Compliance review'' is much shorter 
than the definition under ``Reviews . . . (1) Compliance review'' that 
is being removed. The current version has extraneous information, such 
as when such a review may be done and what a possible outcome could be, 
which is not directly relevant to defining what the term means. The 
substantive definition of ``Preventable accident'' would not change, 
but the term itself would be changed by replacing the word ``accident'' 
with the word ``crash.'' FMCSA uses the terms ``crash'' and 
``accident'' interchangeably, but prefers the term ``crash.''
Section 385.5 Safety Fitness Standard
    The section would be revised to add a new paragraph (a) to reflect 
the inclusion of the alcohol and controlled substances testing 
requirements in 49 CFR parts 40 and 382. Current paragraphs (a) through 
(k) would be redesignated as (b) through (l). In addition, in the 
second sentence of the undesignated introductory paragraph of this 
section, the words ``To meet the safety fitness standard'' would be 
replaced by ``To avoid a safety fitness determination of unfit.''
Section 385.7 Factors To Be Considered in Making a Safety Fitness 
Determination
    This section would be revised to add the main data elements of the 
proposed methodology. The proposed changes to this section would 
specifically include, in the factors to be considered in the SFD 
process, information obtained from driver/vehicle inspections, crashes, 
or investigations. The title of Sec.  385.7 would be changed by 
replacing the words ``determining a safety rating'' with the words 
``making a safety fitness determination,'' so that the title would read 
``Factors to be considered in making a safety fitness determination.''
    In the first sentence of the undesignated introductory paragraph, 
all the words after ``The factors to be considered . . .'' would be 
removed and replaced with language stating that the factors to be 
considered during a safety fitness determination may include 
information from operations in the United States, Canada, and Mexico 
from driver/vehicle inspections, an examination of the carrier's 
records during investigations, or crash data. FMCSA would also remove 
the term ``safety review'' because it is obsolete.
    Paragraph (a) would be changed by replacing the word ``accidents'' 
with the word ``crashes.'' As was stated in the analysis for Sec.  
385.3, FMCSA uses the terms ``crash'' and ``accident'' interchangeably, 
but prefers the use of the term ``crash.'' Paragraphs (b), (c), (d) and 
(e) would be revised to set out the different sources of data and the 
factors considered in the new methodology. In addition, the word 
``accident'' would be replaced with ``crash.'' Existing paragraph (g) 
would be redesignated as new paragraph (f). In redesignated paragraph 
(f), the term ``hazardous material,'' would be added between the words 
``CMV'' and ``and motor carrier safety rules.'' A new paragraph (g) 
would be added to provide for the admissibility as evidence in safety 
fitness proceedings inspection reports

[[Page 3588]]

and data contained in FMCSA's data systems.
Section 385.8 Service and Filing of Documents
    A new section 385.8 is proposed to be added to provide specific and 
clear rules governing the filing and service of documents in safety 
fitness proceedings.
Section 385.9 Determining a Carrier's Safety Fitness
    The title of Sec.  385.9 would be changed to read ``Determining a 
carrier's safety fitness.''
    Paragraph (a) would be revised to describe the new methodology in 
proposed new appendix B to part 385. The proposed appendix describes in 
detail the methodology and the standards for determining a carrier's 
fitness.
    Existing paragraph (b) would be redesignated as new paragraph (d) 
and everything after the phrase ``Unless otherwise specifically 
provided in this part, a'' would be changed to state that safety 
fitness determination based upon an investigation of a carrier's safety 
management controls in accordance with the standard set forth in Sec.  
385.5(a) will be issued as soon as practicable. A new paragraph (b) 
would be added to clarify that a motor carrier's SFD will be based on 
data received through the date of the proposed SFD under Sec.  
385.11(c).
    A new paragraph (c) would be added to clarify that the motor 
carrier's status as unfit would not change during the administrative 
review process under either Sec.  385.15 or Sec.  385.16, or a review 
of a request under Sec.  385.18. This new paragraph utilizes a 
provision moved from current Sec.  385.17(j) with revisions for 
clarification.
Section 385.11 Notification of Unfit Safety Fitness Determination
    Throughout this section, including the heading, changes are made to 
conform the language to the proposed methodology. In paragraph (a), the 
words ``safety rating resulting from a compliance review'' and ``the 
review'' would both be replaced by the words ``unfit safety fitness 
determination.'' Also, FMCSA is replacing the phrase ``FMCSA's 
headquarters office'' in the last sentence of paragraph (a) with the 
word ``FMCSA''. This change would allow the Agency to issue the 
proposed unfit SFD notice from other FMCSA offices that may be closer 
to the subject motor carrier or may allow the Agency to realize savings 
for labor and production costs or contracted services in markets other 
than Washington, DC Provisions would be added governing service of the 
notice of proposed unfit SFD on representatives of the carrier in 
accordance with new Sec.  385.8.
    Existing paragraph (b) would be removed because it would no longer 
be applicable to this proposed rule.
    Existing paragraphs (c) through (e) would be redesignated as new 
paragraphs (b) through (d) with appropriate terminology changes in each 
paragraph. A new paragraph (e) would be added to alert a motor carrier 
that it may request FMCSA to perform an administrative review of a 
proposed or final unfit SFD based upon a claim of unconsidered 
inspection data as described in proposed new Sec.  385.16.
    Existing paragraph (f) would be amended to include appropriate 
terminology changes to reflect the use of compliance agreements instead 
of corrective action plans to defer the entry of a final unfit SFD.
    A new paragraph (g) would be added to alert a motor carrier of the 
process set out in new Sec.  385.18 for applying to resume operations 
after an SFD has become final.
Section 385.12 Revocation Procedures for Unfit Safety Fitness 
Determinations
    A new Sec.  385.12 would provide that issuance of proposed safety 
fitness determination would also serve as notice to the carrier that 
its registration would be revoked if the fitness determination becomes 
final.
Section 385.13 Unfit Motor Carriers: Prohibition on Transportation; 
Ineligibility for Federal Contracts
    Most of the changes we are proposing in this section are conforming 
amendments to reflect the nomenclature of the proposed methodology. For 
example, the words ``unsatisfactory safety rating'' would be replaced 
throughout with ``unfit safety fitness determination.'' Paragraph 
(a)(2) would be amended by removing the last sentence that allows a 
motor carrier to operate for up to 60 additional days if FMCSA 
determines that the motor carrier is making a good-faith effort to 
improve its safety fitness. Although this provision is allowed by 
statute,\82\ in the interest of safety FMCSA disfavors such extensions, 
and the Agency is therefore not expressly restating the permissive 
language in the proposed regulation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \82\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(c)(4).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Paragraph (b) would consolidate the existing provisions of 
paragraphs (b) and (c) prohibiting a Federal agency from using any 
motor carrier receiving a final unfit determination.
    The date the out-of-service order issued under paragraph (d) 
becomes effective would be the date that the SFD becomes final under 
paragraph (a). FMCSA seeks comment on this approach. Provisions would 
also be in revised paragraph (e) to allow for revocation of safety 
registration and any operating authority registration for any motor 
carrier receiving a final unfit determination.
Section 385.15 Administrative Review--Material Error
    This section is largely based on current administrative review 
provisions, with some revisions and additions. First, in several 
paragraphs, the terms ``safety rating'' or ``rating'' would be replaced 
by the term ``safety fitness determination,'' and the word 
``unsatisfactory'' would be replaced with ``unfit.'' The title 
``Assistant Administrator'' would be substituted for ``Chief Safety 
Officer.'' While Assistant Administrator and Chief Safety Officer are 
titles for the same position within FMCSA, the change in terminology is 
made for consistency with the administrative review provisions of 49 
CFR part 386.
    A new paragraph (b) would specify the minimum requirements for the 
contents of the petition. New provisions would be added to paragraph 
(c) to require that the original petition for administrative review be 
served on the appropriate Field Administrator (which would be the 
official filing). Copies of the petition for administrative review 
would also be required to be served both on: (1) Adjudications Counsel 
for the Assistant Administrator; and (2) with the Agency through the 
U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Services. Paragraph (c) also 
provides the time limits within which a motor carrier must petition for 
administrative review.
    A new paragraph (d) provides the Field Administrator with an 
opportunity to respond to the petition for administrative review.
    Paragraph (e) would allow the Assistant Administrator to ask the 
motor carrier or the Field Administrator for more information or to 
attend a conference. If the motor carrier did not provide the 
information, the Assistant Administrator could dismiss the request for 
review.
    Paragraph (f) would establish the time for a decision by FMCSA on 
the request for review and provide time frames within which FMCSA would 
complete its review as soon as practicable.
    Paragraph (g) would provide for a standard of review that places 
the burden on the motor carrier to show material error. It also 
provides a definition of what constitutes material error for the 
purpose of such review.

[[Page 3589]]

    Proposed paragraph (h) provides that the Assistant Administrator 
makes the final and conclusive decision as to the compliance and 
inspection data underlying the SFD. It also establishes that in 
subsequent administrative reviews the Assistant Administrator will not 
re-review factual matters decided in a prior administrative review.
    Proposed paragraph (i) provides that a decision by the Assistant 
Administrator constitutes final Agency action unless reconsideration is 
requested.
    Proposed paragraph (j) provides the procedures for either the motor 
carrier or the Field Administrator to petition the Assistant 
Administrator for reconsideration of a decision. However, the petition 
does not stay the imposition of a final SFD unless a stay is granted by 
the Assistant Administrator pursuant to new paragraph (k).
Section 385.16 Request for Review Claiming Unconsidered Inspection Data
    Proposed paragraph (a) would provide that a motor carrier may file 
a request for FMCSA to conduct an administrative review of a proposed 
unfit SFD because of unconsidered, valid data from an inspection that 
occurred before the proposed determination. The request would be based 
on a motor carrier's determination of an FMCSA failure to include 
inspection data which, if included, would have resulted in a different 
SFD.
    Proposed paragraph (b) would provide that the motor carrier must 
file its request for administrative review in writing and serve it on 
the appropriate Field Administrator.
    Proposed paragraph (c) would provide that the motor carrier's 
request for an administrative review of a proposed SFD with 
unconsidered inspection data must include specific information to be 
considered a valid request.
    Proposed paragraph (d) would provide that such a request must be 
filed no later than the 10th day after the issuance of the proposed 
unfit.
    Proposed Paragraph (e) would provide that FMCSA would issue a 
decision and notify the carrier within 10 days after receiving a 
request from an HM or passenger motor carrier that has received a 
proposed unfit SFD, and within 20 days after receiving a request from 
any other motor carrier.
    Proposed Paragraph (f) would provide the standard of review of the 
submitted unconsidered inspection data. The burden of proof would be on 
the motor carrier to demonstrate that FMCSA did not include all 
inspection report data.
    Proposed paragraph (g) would provide that the decision of the Field 
Administrator would constitute final Agency action, and no additional 
request for administrative review by FMCSA would be available. 
Paragraph (h) would provide that a stay of the final SFD could be 
requested from and granted by the Field Administrator.
Section 385.17 Request To Defer Final Unfit Safety Fitness 
Determination and Operate Under a Compliance Agreement
    This section is based on the current provisions of Sec.  385.17, 
with significant revisions, primarily to include the use of compliance 
agreements between FMCSA and the motor carrier to defer a final unfit 
determination. Throughout the section, the language would be changed to 
conform to the proposed SFD methodology. In several places, the term 
``safety rating'' or ``rating'' would be replaced by the term ``safety 
fitness determination.'' FMCSA would also replace the word 
``unsatisfactory'' with ``unfit,'' wherever it occurs. In paragraph 
(a), the Agency would also remove the term ``conditional.''
    Existing paragraph (b) would be revised to require service of the 
request on the appropriate Field Administrator in accordance with 
proposed new Sec.  385.8. Existing paragraph (c) would be expanded to 
address the documentation a motor carrier must submit to show that it 
has taken appropriate corrective action. Paragraph (d) would set the 
time for submission of a request for deferral and to operate under a 
compliance agreement. Failure to submit a timely request for deferral 
and to continue to operate under a compliance agreement would waive any 
opportunity to seek such administrative relief.
    Existing paragraphs (e) through (j) would be removed and replaced 
with new paragraphs that would establish the procedures and standards 
for operating under a compliance agreement, as well as providing for 
the appropriate outcomes if the carrier either complies with or does 
not comply with the terms of the compliance agreement. Paragraph (f) 
provides that the Field Administrator's actions either deferring a 
final SFD or declining to enter into a compliance agreement would not 
be subject to administrative review, except in certain limited 
circumstances involving an abuse of discretion, as specified in 
paragraph (j).
Section 385.18 Resuming Operations After a Final Unfit Determination
    A new Sec.  385.18 would be added to describe the procedures a 
motor carrier would follow to resume interstate and intrastate motor 
carrier operations following an unfit SFD. In paragraph (a), FMCSA 
would require a motor carrier that has received a final unfit SFD and 
wants to begin operating again to demonstrate why it should no longer 
be considered unfit. The carrier would also need to have received 
reactivated safety registration and, if required, new operating 
authority registration. The procedures in this section may be revised 
in the final rule in order to coordinate with any changes proposed or 
adopted for the Agency's ``MAP-21 Enhancements and Other Updates to the 
Unified Registration System,'' Regulatory Identification Number 2126-
AB56.
    Paragraph (b) would inform the unfit motor carrier that it must 
submit a corrective action plan (CAP) consistent with Sec.  385.17(c) 
along with its applications for safety and operating authority 
registration. The corrective action plan must describe the actions the 
motor carrier is taking to resolve its safety deficiencies.
    Paragraph (c) would provide that the corrective action plan 
submitted by the unfit motor carrier must be acceptable to FMCSA, and 
the carrier and the Agency would have to enter into a compliance 
agreement that conforms to Sec.  385.17(c) and (e) before new 
registration could be issued.
    Paragraph (d) would inform the motor carrier that it may not resume 
operations until it is notified that it has been granted registration 
and its USDOT number is active.
Section 385.19 Availability of Safety Fitness Determinations
    The heading of Sec.  385.19 would be revised to read, 
``Availability of safety fitness determinations.'' In paragraph (a), 
the word ``ratings'' would be replaced by ``fitness determinations.'' 
FMCSA would also replace the outdated phrase ``by remote'' with the 
phrase ``on the Internet available through'' to inform the public that 
final SFDs will be available on the Agency's Web site.
    Paragraph (b) would change the method the Agency would use to make 
final SFDs and would make information about carriers operating under a 
compliance agreement available to the public.
Section 385.21 Transition Provisions
    A new Sec.  385.21 would be added containing transition provisions 
that would govern the status of motor carriers that have been issued a 
final determination of unfit on the basis of an unsatisfactory safety 
rating under the current procedures. In addition, paragraph (b) 
contains proposed procedures for carriers that receive a notification 
of safety rating and fitness determination under the current provisions 
of 49 CFR 385.11 in the

[[Page 3590]]

period immediately before these proposed rules would go into effect.
Subpart B (Sec. Sec.  385.101-385.117)--Safety Monitoring for Mexico-
Domiciled Carriers
    FMCSA proposes several conforming amendments to 49 CFR part 385, 
subpart B, Safety Monitoring System for Mexico-Domiciled Carriers, in 
light of the proposed changes to the general safety fitness procedures. 
FMCSA proposes to make conforming amendments to Sec. Sec.  385.101, 
385.105, 385.109, and 385.117.
    Currently, Mexico-domiciled carriers seeking permanent operating 
authority to operate beyond the municipalities and commercial zones on 
the United States-Mexico border must fulfill certain statutory 
requirements, including obtaining a satisfactory safety rating after a 
compliance review under 49 CFR part 385. This proposal, however, would 
change the number of fitness categories from three to one--``unfit.'' 
As proposed, a carrier that is not determined to be unfit would have an 
acceptable degree of safety fitness and would not be prohibited from 
operating in commerce.\83\ Therefore, for the purposes of the 
requirements of section 350 of the 2002 Department of Transportation 
Appropriations Act, and subsequent appropriations,\84\ a comprehensive 
investigation resulting in a determination that a Mexico-domiciled 
motor carrier seeking permanent operating authority is not unfit would 
be equivalent to a compliance review and finding that the carrier has 
received a satisfactory rating.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \83\ 49 U.S.C. 31144(c).
    \84\ See sec. 350(a)(2) of the Department of Transportation and 
Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002, Pub. L. 107-87, 115 Stat. 
833, 864-865, December 18, 2001, 49 U.S.C. 13902 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For several reasons, FMCSA believes that the proposed SFD process 
for long-haul Mexican carriers would be sufficiently stringent to 
satisfy Congress's intent that carriers possess a satisfactory degree 
of safety. First, a Mexico-domiciled carrier must satisfactorily 
complete the FMCSA-administered Pre-Authorization Safety Audit (PASA) 
required under 49 CFR part 365, to ensure the existence of sound 
management programs, including compliance with controlled substances, 
alcohol, and hours-of service regulations, before it is granted 
provisional authority to operate in the United States. Second, the 
proposed methodology in Appendix B is more stringent than the current 
methodology for determining safety fitness, and this proposal for 
conforming changes ensures continued stringent and comparable oversight 
of long-haul Mexican carriers. As a result of this proposal, Mexican 
carriers could be proposed unfit based on on-road safety data, or an 
investigation, or a combination of these two sources of data. Under 49 
CFR 385.119, Mexico-domiciled motor carriers are subject to the safety 
monitoring system in part 385, subpart B. They are also subject to the 
general safety fitness procedures established in subpart A of part 385 
and to compliance and enforcement procedures applicable to all carriers 
regulated by the FMCSA.
Subpart C (Sec. Sec.  385.201-385.205)--Certification of Safety 
Auditors, Safety Investigators, and Safety Inspectors
    FMCSA proposes conforming amendments to 49 CFR part 385, subpart C, 
Certification of Safety Auditors, Safety Investigators, and Safety 
Inspectors. In light of the proposed addition of the term 
``investigation'' in relation to the types of interventions that may 
result in an unfit SFD, FMCSA would amend Sec. Sec.  385.201 and 
385.203.
    Currently, an FMCSA employee, or a State or local government 
employee funded through the MCSAP, must be certified to perform a 
compliance review, safety audit, roadability review, or roadside 
inspection.\85\ Certified FMCSA, State, and local government employees 
must obtain and maintain certification through quality-control and 
periodic re-training requirements adopted by FMCSA in 2002 to ensure 
the maintenance of high standards and familiarity with amendments to 
the FMCSRs and HMRs.\86\
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    \85\ Section 211 of the Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 
1999 (MCSIA) (Pub. L. 106-159), 113 Stat. 1765, Dec. 9, 1999, 
codified at 49 U.S.C. 31148. Section 211 of the MCSIA required the 
Secretary of Transportation to improve training and provide for the 
certification of motor carrier safety auditors, investigators, and 
inspectors to conduct safety inspection audits and reviews. The 
legislation also gave the Secretary oversight responsibility for the 
motor carrier auditors and investigators it certifies, including the 
authority to decertify them.
    \86\ 67 FR 12776, March 19, 2002, as amended at 72 FR 55701, 
Oct. 1, 2007; 73 FR 76819, Dec. 17, 2008.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed SFD relies to a much greater extent on on-road safety 
data and investigations, regardless of whether the investigations are 
done offsite, onsite, or are focused or comprehensive. Because this 
proposal would replace the term ``compliance review'' in many places 
throughout the FMCSRs, FMCSA needs to add ``investigation'' to the 
types of interventions for which FMCSA, State, and local government 
employees must obtain and maintain certification as required by 
statute.
    FMCSA proposes to add the phrase ``an investigation'' before the 
phrase ``a compliance review'' wherever it appears in Sec. Sec.  
385.201 and 385.203. This proposal would require that any FMCSA, State, 
or local government employee who performs any review of a motor 
carrier's operations to determine compliance with the appropriate 
regulations (i.e., the FMCSRs and HMRs as defined in 49 CFR 385.3) be 
certified as required by 49 U.S.C. 31148.
Section 385.307--What happens after a motor carrier begins operations 
as a new entrant?
    FMCSA would modify the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program by 
adding a new paragraph (a) to Sec.  385.307 and redesignating current 
paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) as paragraphs (b), (c), and (d). This 
proposed new paragraph (a) would adopt provisions similar to Sec. Sec.  
385.119 and 385.717 on the continuing applicability of safety fitness 
and enforcement procedures. FMCSA proposes to add this provision to 
ensure that each new entrant is aware that during the monitoring period 
under the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program, these new entrants are 
subject to:
    (1) The general safety fitness procedures established in subpart A 
of part 385 and any final rule modifying subpart A; and
    (2) Compliance and enforcement procedures applicable to all 
carriers regulated by FMCSA.
Part 385, Subpart E (Sections 385.407, 385.409, 385.413, 385.421, and 
385.423)--HM Safety Permits
    FMCSA proposes conforming amendments to 49 CFR part 385, subpart E, 
HM Safety Permits. Sections 385.407, 385.409, 385.413, 385.421, and 
385.423 would all be changed to reflect changes in the language and 
procedures for the SFD methodology proposed in this rulemaking.
Section 385.503 Results of Roadability Review
    In Sec.  385.503(a), FMCSA proposes to delete the term ``safety 
rating'' and replace it with the term ``safety fitness determination,'' 
to conform the language to the proposed SFD methodology.
Part 385 subparts H (Sec.  385.607) and I (Sec. Sec.  385.701, 385.707, 
385.709, 385.711, 385.713, and 385.715)--Non-North America-Domiciled 
Carriers
    FMCSA proposes conforming and nomenclature changes to the Non-North 
America-domiciled carrier provisions,

[[Page 3591]]

part 385, subparts H (Sec.  385.607) and I (Sec. Sec.  385.701, 
385.707, 385.709, 385.711, 385.713, and 385.715). These changes are 
largely parallel to the changes to all other motor carriers, explained 
above.
Appendix B to Part 385 Explanation of Safety Fitness Determination 
Methodology
    Because appendix B to part 385 would set out all of the proposed 
SFD methodology, it would be considerably changed. FMCSA would replace 
certain terms in the headings and body of appendix B consistent with 
the changes discussed above for other sections of part 385. Current 
terms would be replaced with new terms, including ``safety fitness 
determination'' and ``unfit.'' The codification system for the appendix 
would be changed to make it easier to reference and amend, and the 
introductory paragraphs would be considerably revised.
Five Proposed New Sections
    Proposed section 1, Safety Fitness Determination (SFD) Background, 
would serve as a roadmap for appendix B. It incorporates the sense of 
what is currently in introductory paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of 
existing appendix B, much changed to reflect the proposed new 
methodology. Existing paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) would be removed.
    Proposed section 2, Role of BASICs in the SFD Process, describes 
the BASICs, their data sources and the process for determining a failed 
BASIC. Under section 2.4, SFD BASIC Failure Standards, sections 2.4.1 
through 2.4.7 describe the mechanics for determining the severity for 
each applicable BASIC violation. They provide tables of failure 
standards, where appropriate, and descriptions of applicable 
violations. Tables 2-1 through 2-8 of proposed section 2 show the 
proposed SFD BASIC failure standards. The proposed failure standards 
are equivalent to the measures that would place a motor carrier at the 
96th percentile for the Unsafe Driving and HOS Compliance BASICs and 
the 99th percentile for the Driver Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, and 
Hazardous Materials (HM) Compliance BASICs for each safety-event group 
on the day the requirements are established when the final rule is 
published.
    Proposed section 3, Investigation Results in the SFD Process, 
describes the violations that the Agency would use to determine safety 
fitness for each motor carrier. The proposed critical violations are 
listed in Table 3-1 of proposed section 3. The proposed acute 
violations are listed in Table 3-2. The standards and procedures for 
assessing a carrier's crash experience for safety fitness purposes are 
described in section 3.3 of appendix B.
    Proposed section 4, SFD Methodology, describes the proposed 
methodology, including the criteria for a carrier receiving an unfit 
determination. Section 4 provides an example of a proposed SFD 
worksheet, and it also gives several examples of how SFDs could be 
calculated for sample motor carriers.
    Proposed section 5, Appendix B Violation Severity Tables, contains 
five tables that describe violations and the applicable severity 
weightings for the five BASICs that use such weights as part of the 
determination of safety performance under SMS. They are:

 Table 1 Unsafe Driving BASIC Violations
 Table 2 HOS Compliance BASIC Violations
 Table 3 Driver Fitness BASIC Violations
 Table 4 Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations
 Table 5 Hazardous Materials Compliance BASIC Violations

    FMCSA is considering the use of low, medium, and high weightings 
rather than the numeric weightings currently used in SMS and 
specifically seeks comments on this issue.
Certain Portable and Cargo Tank Citations in Table 5
    In Table 5 of the violation severity tables, HM Compliance BASIC 
Violations, 43 violations of 49 CFR part 178 have been marked with a 
(\1\) or a (\2\) to indicate their dates of publication in the Code of 
Federal Regulations.\87\ These 43 violations are HM portable tank and 
cargo tank specification packages that PHMSA allows motor carriers to 
continue to use if the HM tanks are maintained properly in accordance 
with applicable regulations.\88\
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    \87\ Violation citations from previous editions of 49 CFR part 
78 marked with a (\1\) may also be found at 29 FR 18652 (December 
29, 1964) and those violation citations marked with a (\2\) may also 
be found at 32 FR 3452 (March 2, 1967).
    \88\ See 49 CFR 180.405, Qualification of cargo tanks, and 
180.603, Qualification of portable tanks. PHMSA, however, forbids 
manufacturers from building these as new specification cargo and 
portable tanks after certain dates in 1967, 1990, 1993, and 2005. 
Because these HM packages are still in use by motor carriers in 
commerce, FMCSA regularly finds and cites these violations of the 
old design specification regulations that were in effect before 
PHMSA and its predecessors removed the regulations from the annual 
CFRs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The applicable regulations for MC 330 compressed gas cargo tanks 
are referenced in Table 5 with a (\1\). Current PHMSA regulations \89\ 
authorize continued use of specification MC 330 cargo tanks if the 
tanks are maintained according to the applicable cargo tank testing and 
inspection regulations.\90\
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    \89\ See 49 CFR 173.240(b), 173.241(b), 173.242(b), 173.243(b), 
173.244(b), 173.247(b), 173.315(a)(2), 180.405, and 180.603 of the 
October 1, 2010, edition of the CFRs.
    \90\ See 49 CFR 180.407, Requirements for test and inspection of 
specification cargo tanks.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The applicable regulations for DOT 51, 56, and 57, and IM 101 and 
102, portable tanks are also referenced in Table 5 with a (\1\). DOT 
51, 56, and 57, and IM 101 and 102 portable tanks may continue to be 
used in commerce, if the tanks are maintained according to the 
applicable portable tank testing and inspection regulations.\91\
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    \91\ See 49 CFR 180.605, Requirements for periodic testing, 
inspection and repair of portable tanks.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The applicable regulations for MC 306, 307, and 312 concerning 
cargo tanks are referenced in Table 5 with a (\2\). Current PHMSA 
regulations \92\ authorize continued use of specification MC 306, 307, 
and 312 cargo tanks if the tanks are maintained according to the 
applicable cargo tank testing and inspection regulations.\93\
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    \92\ See Sec. Sec.  173.33, 173.240, 173.241, 173.242, and 
173.247 for authorized DOT 51, 56, 57, and IM 101 and 102 portable 
tanks and MC 306, 307, 312, and 330 cargo tanks that may be used in 
commerce, but are no longer allowed to be constructed in the U.S.
    \93\ See 49 CFR 180.407, Requirements for test and inspection of 
specification cargo tanks.
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    FMCSA will make the applicable former rules for these HM 
specification tanks, as well as the applicable ICC and DOT final rules 
concerning these HM specification tanks, available on the FMCSA Web 
site at www.fmcsa.dot.gov. These materials are also available through 
Federal Depository Libraries.\94\ Anyone may visit a Federal depository 
library and will have free access to all collections.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \94\ See http://www.gpo.gov/libraries. Accessed on April 6, 
2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Part 386

    Appendix B to part 386 would be changed to conform the language to 
the new SFD methodology. Throughout paragraph (f), everywhere the 
phrase ``final `unsatisfactory' safety rating'' appears it would be 
replaced by the phrase ``final unfit safety fitness determination.''
    A new paragraph (j) would be added to describe the violations that 
the Agency proposes to take into account for purposes of section 222 of 
the Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999, Public Law 106-159, 
49 U.S.C. 521 note (``Minimum and Maximum Assessments'').\95\ Section 
222 generally

[[Page 3592]]

requires that the Agency assess maximum civil penalties where it finds 
that a person has either committed a pattern of violations of critical 
or acute regulations or has previously committed the same or a related 
violation of critical or acute regulations. The proposed list in new 
paragraph (j) is different than the proposed lists of critical and 
acute regulations found earlier in preamble Table 17 and in Tables 3-1 
and 3-2 in proposed appendix B to part 385. The proposed list in 
paragraph (j) is based on regulations currently designated as critical 
and acute. The critical and acute regulations set forth in Tables 3-1 
and 3-2 above include new regulations. The Agency seeks comment whether 
these should be included for maximum civil penalty assessments under 
section 222.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \95\ See http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2013-title49/pdf/USCODE-2013-title49-subtitleI-chap5-subchapII-sec521.pdf. Accessed 
on April 6, 2015.
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E. Part 387

    Sections 387.7 and 387.309 would be changed to reflect the proposed 
new SFD determination methodology, removing references to the former 
safety rating system.

F. Part 395

    Section 395.15 would be changed to reflect the proposed new SFD 
determination methodology, removing references to the former safety 
rating system.

X. Regulatory Analyses and Notices

Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review and DOT 
Regulatory Policies and Procedures as Supplemented by E.O. 13563)

    FMCSA has determined that this action is a significant regulatory 
action within the meaning of Executive Order 12866, as supplemented by 
Executive Order 13563, 76 FR 3821 (January 21, 2011), and within the 
meaning of the Department of Transportation regulatory policies and 
procedures, because the annualized net benefits are $231.1 million and 
because of the level of public interest. Congress, industry, NTSB, and 
safety advocates alike have significant interest in how FMCSA 
determines the safety fitness of motor carriers. All of these groups 
have expressed concerns over how the Agency currently determines the 
safety fitness of motor carriers.
    The revised SFD would be used to identify and take action against 
unfit motor carriers that have failed to implement and maintain 
adequate safety management controls for achieving compliance with the 
FMCSRs and HMRs. It would also evaluate the degree to which a motor 
carrier complies with applicable regulations. The additional carriers 
found unfit under the proposed rule may bear compliance costs to return 
to compliance, which as discussed further in the separate Regulatory 
Evaluation are not quantified at this stage of the rulemaking. FMCSA 
expects that the proposed rule would also impose costs on drivers of 
carriers ordered out-of-service, specifically, those drivers who would 
have to search for new driving work. Nevertheless, the new SFD 
methodology would involve more efficient and effective utilization of 
currently available data and resources. The Agency's proposed approach 
would ensure that only the worst performing motor carriers would be 
issued a proposed unfit determination based solely on on-road safety 
performance data, while striking a balance between the population 
identified and the ability of enforcement resources to handle the 
associated workload. The full Regulatory Evaluation is in the docket 
for this rulemaking, and a brief summary is set out below.
    Under the proposed SFD methodology, every month a carrier's 
performance would be compared to an absolute failure standard that 
would be set in regulation based on each safety event group. Because 
the absolute failure standard would not change from month to month, 
changes in another company's performance would not impact the motor 
carrier. The carrier's SFD measure reflects its own performance against 
the failure standard, not other carriers' performance.
    The Agency considered options for failure standards based on 
absolute measures. Using today's levels of safety performance across 
all carriers in SMS, these measures would equate roughly to the 95th, 
96th, 98th, and 99th percentiles for all carriers in SMS. In addition, 
before failing the BASIC, the carrier would have to have 11 or more 
inspections, each with 1 or more violations, for the previous 24-month 
period. The proposed failure standards for each BASIC, as calculated by 
analyzing inspections with violations, are presented in tables in the 
NPRM. The Agency's preferred Option 2 proposes to use the absolute 
failure standards that equate to the 99th percentile for the Driver 
Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, and HM Compliance BASICs. This failure 
standard, which would be set in the final rule, is equivalent to SMS 
percentile that defines the worst 1 percent of motor carriers with 11 
or more inspections, each with 1 or more violations.
    The Regulatory Evaluation in the docket examines two options for 
failure standards used to identify motor carriers for a proposed unfit 
SFD. For Option 1, identification of unfit carriers under the proposed 
process uses failure standards equivalent to the measures that would 
place a motor carrier at the 95th percentile for the Unsafe Driving and 
HOS Compliance BASICs and the 98th percentile for the Driver Fitness, 
Vehicle Maintenance, HM Compliance, and Crash Indicator BASICs. For 
Option 2 (the Agency's preferred option), these failure standards are 
equivalent to measures based on the 96th and 99th percentiles, 
respectively. For example, a carrier at the 96th percentile in the 
Unsafe Driving BASIC has worse safety performance in that BASIC than 96 
percent of carriers. Carriers that are identified at or above these 
failure standards are proposed as unfit and then either placed OOS or 
remain in service under a compliance agreement subject to approval by 
FMCSA.
    Carriers that are identified at or above these failure standards 
would be proposed as unfit and then would be either placed OOS or 
remain in service under a compliance agreement subject to approval by 
FMCSA. Motor carriers that remain in service but fail to significantly 
improve their safety performance within a set period of time under the 
compliance agreement--for example, those that fail to achieve an 
appropriate level of compliance with the applicable regulations--would 
be required to cease operations. That is, the initial proposed unfit 
determination would be made final.
    Under this proposal's preferred Option 2--with the failure 
performance standards at or above the 96th and 99th percentiles--the 
proposed method identified 1,805 more poor-performing carriers than the 
current SFD process, while the current SFD process identified 106 
carriers that the proposed unfit SFD method would not, and 1,017 
carriers were identified by both the current and proposed methods.
    Given that identification and the final unfit date remove a portion 
of the poorly-performing carriers from active service while the 
remainder improve their safety performance and remain in service, a 
portion of the crashes of these carriers that takes place in the next 
12 months (from the time of the final unfit) are thus prevented, and 
comprise the annual benefits of the rule. The annual benefits of the 
rule are net reductions in crashes that come from switching from the 
current to the proposed process. The proposed process identifies 
carriers that suffered an additional 41 fatal crashes (41 = 43-2), 508 
injury crashes (508 = 526-18), and 872 tow-away crashes (872 = 887-15) 
when compared with the current process. Table 19 below

[[Page 3593]]

presents a comparison of data between the effectiveness of the current 
SFD and that proposed in this rulemaking.

                             Table 19--Annual Crash Reduction From Switch From Current to Proposed SFD for Option 2 (96/99)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                      Fatal        Injury      Tow-away
 Carriers identified as unfit under:          Relation           Carriers   Power units    Crashes     Crash rate    crashes      crashes      crashes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed SFD \A\....................  A......................        2,822       42,437        1,862         4.39           55          688        1,119
Current SFD \B\.....................  B......................        1,123       11,365          441         3.88           14          180          247
Both Current and Proposed SFD.......  C......................        1,017       10,123          406         4.01           12          162          232
Proposed SFD, But Not Current SFD...  A--C...................        1,805       32,314        1,456         4.51           43          526          887
Current SFD, But Not Proposed SFD...  B--C...................          106        1,242           35         2.82            2           18           15
Net Gain Attributable to Proposed     A--B...................        1,699       31,072        1,421         4.57           41          508          872
 SFD.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\A\ The ``proposed SFD'' category includes 1,017 of the 1,123 carriers identified under the current SFD. Therefore, the ``proposed SFD'' category is a
  hybrid of carriers that were proposed unfit that remained in operation by entering into compliance agreements and carriers that would have been
  proposed unfit if the proposed rule had been in effect during the period studied. Crash rates specific to the subset of carriers identified under the
  current SFD may reflect improvements in response to receipt of proposed unfit ratings.
\B\ The ``current SFD'' category consists solely of the 1,123 carriers that were proposed unfit under the current SFD and remained in operation by
  entering into compliance agreements. Crash rates specific to carriers identified under the current SFD may reflect improvements in response to receipt
  of proposed unfit ratings.

    In 2011, under the current process, 16.1 percent of identified 
carriers were deemed unfit and ordered OOS upon completion of the SFD 
process. Relatedly, a pending rating of unsatisfactory under the 
current process equates such carriers with an SFD of ``proposed unfit'' 
under the proposed process. Given the performance comparison between 
the current and proposed SFD-process-identified groups (as measured by 
both having crash rates per 100 power units considerably greater than 
the national average), it is assumed that 16.1 percent of the 
additional carriers identified under the proposed SFD process will 
ultimately be ordered out of service.
    The remaining 83.9 percent of carriers identified but not 
ultimately shut down improve their safety-performance. These 
improvements (specifically, those involving the net differential group 
of carriers identified by the proposed process relative to the current 
process) should be credited as benefits to the proposed process. The 
Compliance Review Effectiveness Model (CREM) \96\ estimates the safety 
improvement of carriers that receive a compliance review, in terms of 
crashes avoided. For the four most recent years of analysis (since 
measurement based on fiscal years (rather than calendar years) began in 
2005), the estimated percentage reduction in the average crash rate due 
to compliance reviews was 16.3 percent in 2005, 18.6 percent in 2006, 
14.7 percent in 2007, and 19.9 percent in 2008.\97\ We assume that 
issuing a proposed unfit SFD to a carrier identified under the proposed 
process would result in performance improvement similar to that of a 
compliance review. Given the year-to-year variability in the estimated 
reduction from 2005-08, the Agency uses the four-year average for the 
period of 17.4 percent. As such, the safety improvement percentages 
estimated in the Compliance Review Effectiveness Model can be applied 
to the crashes attributed to the 83.9 percent of carriers that were not 
ordered out of service.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \96\ Volpe National Transportation Center, ``FMCSA Safety 
Program Effectiveness Measurement: Compliance Review Effectiveness 
Model, Results for Carriers with Compliance Reviews in Fiscal Year 
2008''.
    \97\ http://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/PE/PEReport.aspx?rp=crNat accessed 
on April 6, 2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The CREM has several limitations that are common to transportation 
safety research. For one, there is no pure control group, because FMCSA 
does not have the option to not intervene with carriers it knows to be 
unsafe. Workarounds for the lack of pure statistical control are 
discussed in more detail in the CREM. The newer model, Carrier 
Intervention Effectiveness Model (CIEM), which has been peer reviewed, 
uses size group-specific comparison groups and measures the statistical 
significance of the net improvement in crash rates of reviewed 
carriers. While the two models' results are not directly comparable due 
to their differing methodologies, their estimates of crash rate 
reductions among reviewed carriers have similar orders of magnitude 
across the carrier size groups.
    There is also the potential for ``regression to the mean'' to 
obscure the true benefits of interventions. This phenomenon is a 
possible statistical consequence of the rarity of crash events. It can 
occur when an individual carrier experiences a period of high crash 
rate; this is likely to be followed by a period of low crash rate, 
regardless of interventions or changes in safety practices, simply due 
to the infrequency of crash events.
    However, the low probability of a spike in crashes at any given 
time makes it unlikely that ``regression to the mean'' is a substantial 
contributor to the reduction in crash rate attributed by the CREM to 
the compliance review process. Carriers that receive a compliance 
review may not be in the midst of a crash spike. Carriers that have a 
crash spike may not get a compliance review shortly after the spike. 
This is because carriers are not primarily selected for compliance 
reviews based on their current crash rate, but rather their overall 
safety performance as assessed through roadside inspection and/or 
investigation results. For ``regression to the mean'' to be a 
substantial issue for this analysis, it would need to be the case that 
carriers are being identified during a period of usually high crash 
rate for that carrier. As the intervention process is implemented now, 
if a carrier's crash rate drops after they receive a compliance review, 
there is no reason to assume that drop is a correction to the carrier's 
``actual'' mean crash rate as opposed to a response to FMCSA's 
intervention.
    Next, consider that most of the services provided by the 16.1 
percent of carriers that are ordered out of service are likely to be 
shifted to new or existing carriers. This contrasts with a crash rate 
of 4.51 crashes per 100 power units for those carriers identified under 
the proposed process. This suggests the replacement of an identified 
carrier with one from the carrier population in general would result in 
a 52.8 percent improvement (0.528 = (4.51-2.13) / 4.51).\98\ The Agency 
believes that the subset of carriers placed OOS would likely perform 
worse than the total carrier group identified as unfit by the proposed 
SFD, and therefore that the 52.8 percent improvement is a conservative 
estimate for the gains in safety resulting from the replacement of

[[Page 3594]]

carriers ordered OOS with carriers of average overall safety 
performance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \98\ The crash rate of the general carrier population (2.13 per 
100 power units) was calculated on a consistent time frame as that 
(4.51 per 100 power units) of the carriers identified under the 
proposed process.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In sum, the safety performance and thus the frequency of crashes 
attributed to the 83.9 percent of carriers that were not ordered OOS 
realize an improvement of 17.4 percent, and the safety performance and 
thus the frequency of crashes attributed to the 16.1 percent of 
carriers put OOS and replaced by an average carrier realize an 
improvement of 52.8 percent.
    As stated above, the 41 fatal, 508 injury, and 872 tow-away crashes 
(under Option 2) attributable to the additional carriers identified by 
the proposed SFD process are where the benefits of the change are 
realized. Assuming the final rule goes into effect in 2017, the carrier 
population is assumed to increase at an annual rate of 2.17 percent, 
and applying that rate to these crashes results in 45 fatal (44.68 = 41 
x (1.0217\4\), 554 injury (553.55 = 508 x (1.0217\4\)), and 950 tow-
away crashes (950.19 = 872 x (1.0217\4\) in 2017.
    Allocating 83.9 percent of these crashes to carriers that improved 
performance and were not ordered OOS results in 38 fatal, 465 injury, 
and 797 tow-away crashes apportioned. Allocating the remaining 16.1 
percent of crashes to carriers that were permanently put OOS, results 
in 7 fatal, 89 injury, and 153 tow-away crashes apportioned. Given that 
the carriers permanently placed OOS are believed by the Agency to have 
worse safety performance than that of the carriers that improved, 
proportioning the crashes by percentage results in a conservatively low 
number of crashes assigned to those put out of service. Since the 
carriers permanently placed OOS are replaced with ones realizing an 
improvement of 52.8 percent, rather than 17.4 percent, assigning by 
proportion results in a conservatively-low estimate of the overall 
crash reduction of the rule.
    The 83.9 percent of carriers opting to make the necessary changes 
to become compliant realize improvements of 17.4 percent. Given the 
17.4 percent improvement, 7 fewer fatal crashes (6.6 = 17.4% of 38), 81 
fewer injury crashes (80.9 = 17.4% of 465), and 139 fewer tow-away 
crashes (138.7 = 17.4% of 797) occur. The 16.1 percent of carriers 
placed permanently OOS are replaced with carriers realizing 
improvements of 52.8 percent. Given the 52.8 percent improvement, 4 
fewer fatal crashes (3.70 = 52.8% of 7), 47 fewer injury crashes (46.99 
= 52.8% of 89), and 81 fewer tow-away crashes (80.78 = 52.8% of 153) 
occur. So the total estimated crash reduction for 2017, the first year 
of the rule, is 11 fewer fatal crashes (11 = 7 + 4), 128 fewer injury 
crashes (128 = 81 + 47), and 220 fewer tow-away crashes (220 = 139 + 
81). The same process applies for all subsequent years. The number of 
carriers--and thus crashes--is increased by 2.17 percent from the 
previous year; these crashes are allocated as described above to those 
carriers put permanently OOS and those that opted to make the necessary 
changes, and then the improvement rates of 52.8 percent and 17.4 
percent are applied to the respective groups.
    The average cost of a fatal crash is estimated at $11,019,000 (in 
2013 dollars), $10,885,000 of which is the monetized value of a 
statistical life (VSL) component. The remaining $134,000 is comprised 
of medical costs, emergency services, property damages, lost 
productivity from roadway congestion, and environmental costs. It is 
assumed that the VSL increases at a rate of 1.18 percent annually.\99\ 
By 2017 the VSL component (in 2013 dollars) increases from $10,885,000 
to $11,408,000 ($11,408,000 = $10,885,000 x (1.0118\4\)). Together with 
the remaining $134,000 in costs, the cost of a fatal crash in 2017 is 
estimated to be $11,542,000 in 2013 dollars ($11,542,000 = $11,408,000 
+ $134,000).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \99\ The real growth rate of the VSL is in keeping with DOT's 
Office of the Secretary of Transportation guidance, available on the 
web at http://www.dot.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/VSL_Guidance_2014.pdf. This growth factor represents real growth in 
the median hourly wage at a macroeconomic level and is not specific 
to drivers or the motor carrier industry. While real median hourly 
wages are projected to grow at 1.18% per year at a macroeconomic 
level, this assumption does not apply to drivers, as the real median 
hourly wage of drivers has declined or remained static in recent 
years. Nevertheless, the Agency considered a sensitivity analysis 
regarding real wage growth of drivers to demonstrate the costs of 
this proposed rule in the event that drivers' wages grow at 1 or 2 
percent per year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The average cost of an injury crash is estimated at $453,000 (in 
2013 dollars), $393,000 of which is the monetized VSL component. The 
remaining $60,000 is comprised of medical costs, emergency services, 
property damages, lost productivity from roadway congestion, and 
environmental costs. By 2017, the VSL component (in 2013 dollars) 
increases from $393,000 to $412,000 ($412,000 = $393,000 x 
(1.0118\4\)). Together with the remaining $60,000 in costs, the cost of 
a fatal crash in 2017 is estimated to be $472,000 in 2013 dollars 
($472,000 = $412,000 + $60,000).
    The average cost of a tow-away crash is estimated at $72,000 (in 
2013 dollars), $50,000 of which is the monetized VSL component. The 
remaining $22,000 is comprised of medical costs, property damages, lost 
productivity from roadway congestion, and environmental costs. By 2017, 
the monetized VSL component (in 2013 dollars) increases from $50,000 to 
$52,000 ($52,000 = $50,000 x (1.0118\4\)). Together with the remaining 
$22,000 in costs, the cost of a fatal crash in 2017 is estimated to be 
$74,000 in 2013 dollars ($74,000 = $52,000 + $22,000).
    The same process applies for all subsequent years. The monetized 
VSL component is increased by 1.18 percent from the previous year, and 
added to the $134,000 other costs of a fatal crash, resulting in that 
year's benefits in 2013 dollars.
    Given the cost of a fatal crash of $11,542,000, an injury crash of 
$472,000, and a tow-away crash of $74,000 in 2017 (in 2013 dollars), 
and given the 11 fewer fatal, 128 fewer injury, and 220 fewer tow-away 
crashes estimated in 2017, the benefits of the rule for Option 2 that 
occur in 2017 total $203.7 million. The fatal crash component is $127 
.0 million ($126,962,000 = $11,542,000 x 11), the injury crash 
component is $60.4 million ($60,416,000 = $472,000 x 128), and the tow-
away crash component is $16.3 million ($16,280,000 = $74,000 x 220). 
The same process applies for all subsequent years. Table 20 below 
summarizes the benefits for the first year of the rule for preferred 
Option 2.

Table 20--Annual Benefit (in 2017) to Crash Reduction From Switch From Current to Proposed SFD for Option 2 (96/
                                                       99)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Net crash                        Benefit
                       Net gain to new SFD                           reduction    Cost per crash    (millions)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fatal Crashes...................................................              11     $11,542,000          $127.0
Injury Crashes..................................................             128         472,000            60.4
Tow-Away Crashes................................................             220          74,000            13.3

[[Page 3595]]

 
Benefit of the Switch (Millions)................................  ..............  ..............           203.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For preferred Option 2, ten-year projected benefits are $1.692 
billion discounted at seven percent and $1.998 billion discounted at 
three percent. The rule is proposed to have its first full year of 
implementation in 2017 based on this proposed rule in 2015 and a final 
rule in 2016. The costs of the rulemaking are those incurred by:
    (1) Drivers who were employed by additional carriers ordered OOS 
who are now forced to seek new employment. Under preferred Option 2, 
1,855 drivers are estimated to be adversely affected in this manner 
annually.
    (2) The additional carriers identified as deficient under the 
proposed SFD that opt to improve performance, thereby incurring costs 
to achieve compliance.
    (3) FMCSA, resulting from information system update and 
modification expenses (estimated as a one-time cost of $3.0 million 
incurred in year 2017 under both Option 1 and Option 2).
    The carrier population is assumed to increase at an annual rate of 
2.17 percent,\100\ so that by 2017 the 1,824 identified carriers under 
Option 2 would increase to 1,988 (1,988 = 1,824 x (1.0217\4\)). 
Assuming that 16.1 percent remain permanently OOS, 320 carriers (16.1 
percent of 1,988) are affected. Given that carriers ordered OOS have on 
average 4.97 power units per carrier and 1.27 drivers per power unit, 
this results in 2,020 drivers (2,020 drivers = 1.27 drivers per power 
unit x 4.97 power units per carrier x 320 carriers) working for 
carriers ordered OOS that would be adversely affected in this manner.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \100\ FMCSA's estimated annual growth rate of 2.17 percent is 
similar to the BLS estimate of 2.38 percent (Employment by industry, 
occupation, and percent distribution, 2010 and projected 2020 484000 
Truck Transportation. http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_109.htm). 
FMCSA used the growth rate obtained from MCMIS data because it 
captures the dynamic nature of the industry and allows for a 
separate growth rate for carriers with recent activity and new 
entrants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Assuming that the real wages of drivers remain constant, then the 
total cost (in 2013 dollars) for each affected driver working for non-
compliant carriers ordered OOS affected remains $4,003. So the total 
cost of the rule to drivers working for non-compliant carriers ordered 
OOS in 2017, the first year of the rule, is $8.1 million in 2013 
dollars ($4,003 per driver x 2,020 drivers = $8,086,060, rounded to the 
nearest tenth of a million). Assuming the projected 2.17-percent 
carrier population increase continues through 2026 and real wages for 
drivers remain constant, then under Option 2, for the ten years from 
2017 through 2026, the annualized costs of the rule to drivers working 
for non-compliant carriers ordered OOS at a seven percent discount rate 
are $9.4 million ($9.43 million, rounded to the nearest tenth of a 
million).
    In addition to drivers, deficient carriers ordered OOS also 
adversely affect the shippers, brokers, and freight forwarders that use 
them regularly. These entities must spend time finding replacement 
carriers. However, turnover in the trucking and passenger carrying 
industries is significant enough that establishing new commercial 
relationships with motor carriers is a routine course of business for 
shippers, and many shippers have relationships with several carriers 
that compete for their business. The Agency does not perceive the 
marginal increase in carrier turnover that may result from this 
proposed rule as an impact that has quantifiable costs, nor as an 
impact for which the costs rise to a level of significance. Short-term 
decreases in the supply of shipping services resulting from deficient 
carriers being placed OOS may marginally increase the cost of shipping 
as other carriers adjust to meet the demand for services; however, this 
also incentivizes market entry by new carriers, thereby minimizing the 
potential for a shift in the real long-term equilibrium price for 
shipping services.
    Deficient carriers identified by the current or proposed system are 
either ordered OOS or improve their safety performance to the point 
that they become compliant. Those carriers opting to improve to achieve 
compliance incur expenses in making these required improvements. This 
is true of carriers under both the current and proposed processes, so 
the additional expenditures related to the rule are those incurred by 
the additional carriers identified by the proposed process.
    FMCSA recognizes that the social benefits of this proposed rule are 
associated with increased compliance with regulations that motor 
carriers are already expected to bear the compliance costs of. However, 
FMCSA notes that a carrier that may be newly identified as deficient 
under the proposed SFD may under the current SFD be given a conditional 
safety rating and allowed to continue operating. While the regulations 
that carriers are expected to be in compliance with are not changing 
under the proposed SFD, the differing identification methodology 
introduced with this proposed rule--such that a portion of borderline 
carriers under the current SFD would be identified as deficient under 
the proposed SFD--argues in favor of characterizing the costs borne by 
the newly-identified carriers in order to achieve compliance as new 
costs resulting from the proposed rule.
    The Agency lacks data to evaluate the magnitude of the costs to 
those additional carriers that would be identified as deficient under 
the proposed SFD that seek to achieve compliance in order to remain in 
operation. There are many types of violations that can contribute to a 
carrier's identification as deficient and the range of compliance costs 
may differ--even across carriers with similar violations--due to 
factors such as: Size of carrier, experience and training levels of 
drivers, and experience of fleet maintenance personnel. For this 
reason, this cost element is noted as ``not estimated'' throughout 
summary-level tables in both this document and the supporting 
Regulatory Evaluation.
    The Agency welcomes input on ways to estimate costs that would be 
borne by these newly-identified carriers to achieve compliance.
    FMCSA has placed the complete Regulatory Evaluation for this 
proposal in the docket identified above. FMCSA seeks comment on any 
aspect of the Regulatory Evaluation for this proposal.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as amended by the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121, 
Title II, 110 Stat. 857), when an agency issues a rulemaking proposal, 
the agency must ``prepare and make available for public comment an 
initial regulatory flexibility analysis'' that will

[[Page 3596]]

``describe the impact of the proposed rule on small entities'' (5 
U.S.C. 603(a)). The initial regulatory flexibility analysis must cover 
the following six topics:
    (1) A description of the reasons why action by the Agency is being 
considered.
    Utilizing a crash and data driven new process, SFD is an 
improvement on the efficiency of the current method of determining 
carrier safety fitness. This rulemaking would (primarily) revise 49 CFR 
part 385, Safety Fitness Procedures (the Agency's current procedure) 
through a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM; RIN 2126-AB11). It would 
make conforming amendments to 49 CFR parts 365, 386, 387, and 395.
    (2) A succinct statement of the objectives of, and legal basis for, 
the proposed rule.
    The proposed SFD process would improve the effectiveness of the 
current safety fitness determination. Its goal is a more performance-
based method of determining the safety-fitness of motor carriers 
conducting commercial operations in interstate commerce. The efficiency 
gains mean more carrier contacts for the same expenditure of resources.
    This NPRM is based primarily on the authority of 49 U.S.C. 31144, 
as amended. It also relies on the provisions of 49 U.S.C. 31133. 
Delegation of authority is conferred from the Secretary of 
Transportation to FMCSA under 49 CFR 1.87(f). A full description of the 
legal basis for this proposal is contained in the Legal Basis section 
of the NPRM.
    (3) A description--and, where feasible, an estimate of the number--
of small entities to which the proposed rule will apply.
    Because FMCSA does not have direct revenue figures for all 
carriers, power units serve as a proxy to determine the carrier size 
that would qualify as a small business given the SBA's revenue 
threshold. In order to produce this estimate, it is necessary to 
determine the average revenue generated by a power unit.
    With regard to truck power units, the Agency has estimated that a 
power unit produces about $186,000 in revenue annually (in 2013$). 
According to the SBA, motor carriers with annual revenue of $27.5 
million are considered small businesses. This equates to 148 power 
units (147.77 = $27,500,000 / $186,100/power unit). Thus, FMCSA 
considers motor carriers of property with 148 power units or fewer to 
be small businesses for purposes of this analysis. The Agency then 
looked at the number and percentage of property carriers with recent 
activity that would fall under that definition (of having 148 power 
units or fewer). The results show that over 99 percent of all 
interstate property carriers with recent activity have 148 power units 
or fewer. This amounts to about 493,000 carriers. Therefore, the 
overwhelming majority of interstate carriers of property would be 
considered small entities.
    With regard to passenger-carrying vehicles, the Agency conducted a 
preliminary analysis to estimate the average number of power units for 
a small entity earning $15 million annually, based on an assumption 
that passenger carriers generate annual revenues of $161,000 per power 
unit. This estimate compares reasonably to the estimated average annual 
revenue per power unit for the trucking industry ($186,000). A lower 
estimate was used because passenger-carrying CMVs generally do not 
accumulate as many vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per year as trucks, and 
it is therefore assumed that they would generate less revenue per power 
unit on average. The analysis concluded that passenger carriers with 93 
power units or fewer ($15,000,000 / $161,000/power unit = 93.2 power 
units) would be considered small entities. The Agency then looked at 
the number and percentage of passenger carriers registered with FMCSA 
that have no more than 93 power units. The results show that about 98% 
of active passenger carriers have 93 power units or less, which is 
about 10,000 carriers. Therefore, the overwhelming majority of 
passenger carriers would be considered small entities to which this 
NPRM would apply.
    Every active motor carrier would be, in essence, subject to this 
regulation because each has the chance of being identified under the 
new system if their performance warrants it (that is, if it is poor 
enough). Hence the rulemaking would apply to all of the estimated 
503,000 motor carriers (493,000 property + 10,000 passenger) that are 
considered as small entities.
    Under Option 2 (FMCSA's preferred option), there are an expected 
1,530 additional carriers (1,824--294) identified under the proposed 
process that would opt to improve to the point of achieving compliance, 
and all should be considered small entities. However, while all 503,000 
small entities are subject to the rule, about 1,824 carriers (this 
carrier count includes those carriers that went OOS in the year 
following final unfit determination under the proposed SFD) are 
expected to be impacted and an estimated 1,530 of them are projected to 
opt to improve after being identified under the proposed process.
    Under Option 1, there are an expected 1,728 additional carriers 
(2,059--331) identified under the proposed process that would opt to 
improve to the point of achieving compliance (again, these counts 
include those carriers that went OOS in the year following final unfit 
determination under the proposed SFD), and all should be considered 
small entities. However, while all 503,000 small entities are subject 
to the rule, about 2,059 carriers are expected to be impacted and an 
estimated 1,728 of them are projected to opt to improve after being 
identified under the proposed process; therefore, the proposed rule 
requires no added burden of any type on compliant small entities.
    (4) Reporting, record keeping, and other compliance requirements 
(for small entities) of the proposed rule, including an estimate of the 
classes of small entities that will be subject to the requirement and 
the types of professional skills necessary for preparation of the 
report or record.
    The proposed rule would require no additional reporting, record 
keeping, or other compliance requirement burden on small entities.
    (5) Duplicative, overlapping, or conflicting Federal rules.
    The FMCSA is not aware of any other rules which duplicate, overlap, 
or conflict with the proposed action. FMCSA is the sole Federal Agency 
responsible for determining the safety fitness of motor carriers and 
operators--and that safety fitness is in fact the subject of this rule.
    (6) A description of any significant alternatives to the proposed 
rule which minimize any significant impacts on small entities.
    FMCSA is considering whether to phase the implementation of the 
final rule over a period of time, such as one or two years. A recent 
memorandum from the President directed Executive departments and 
agencies to consider ways of lessening the burden of compliance on 
small entities, such as a phased or delayed implementation, when a rule 
may have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.\101\ Although FMCSA has reached a preliminary determination 
that this proposed rule would cover a substantial number of small 
entities, it will have a negligible economic impact. Nonetheless, the 
Agency would like comments from small entities on whether a phased 
implementation of the SFD proposal should be incorporated into the 
final

[[Page 3597]]

rule. FMCSA also requests comments on this Initial Regulatory 
Flexibility Analysis and whether there would be significant economic 
impacts on substantial numbers of small entities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \101\ Presidential Memorandum on Regulatory Flexibility, Small 
Business, and Job Creation, 76 FR 3827 (Jan. 21, 2011).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    This rulemaking would not impose an unfunded Federal mandate, as 
defined by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995,\102\ that will 
result in the expenditure by State, local, and tribal governments, in 
the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $155 million or more in any 
1 year based on calendar year 2014 inflation adjustments.\103\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \102\ 2 U.S.C. 1501, et seq.
    \103\ Threshold of Significant Regulatory Actions Under the 
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, DOT Office of Transportation 
Policy, December 11, 2013. The value equivalent of $100,000,000 in 
calendar year 1995, adjusted for inflation to calendar year 2014 
levels by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) 
as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is $155,000,000. 
Series CPI-U CUUR0000SA0, may be retrieved at http://www.bls.gov/data/. Also see the current DOT guidance regarding this threshold, 
available at https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/2015%20Threshold%20of%20Significant%20Regulatory%20Actions%20Under%20the%20Unfunded%20Mandates%20Reform%20Act%20of%201995.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed earlier in this proposed rule, the Agency estimates 
proposing unfit SFDs for 262 motor carriers per year based on 
inspection data, 2,674 motor carriers based on investigations, and 120 
motor carriers based on a combination of inspection and investigation 
data. The rule is set to have its first full year of implementation in 
2017 based on proposed rule in 2015 and a final rule in 2016. The costs 
of the rulemaking are those incurred by drivers who were employed by 
additional carriers ordered OOS who are now forced to seek new 
employment. The carrier population is assumed to increase at an annual 
rate of 2.17 percent as noted earlier, so that by 2017 the 1,824 
identified carriers under Option 2 would increase to 1,988 (1,988 = 
1,824 x (1.0217\4\)). Assuming that 16.1 percent remain permanently 
OOS, 320 carriers (16.1 percent of 1,988) are affected. Given that 
carriers ordered OOS have on average 4.97 power units per carrier and 
1.27 drivers per power unit, this results in 2,020 drivers (2,020 
drivers = 1.27 drivers per power unit x 4.97 power units per carrier x 
320 carriers) working for carriers ordered OOS that would be adversely 
affected in this manner.
    Assuming that the real wages of drivers remain constant, then the 
total cost (in 2013 dollars) for each driver affected remains $4,003. 
So the total cost of the rule in 2017 to drivers working for non-
compliant carriers ordered OOS the first year of the rule, is $8.1 
million in 2013 dollars ($4,003 per driver x 2,020 drivers = 
$8,086,060, rounded to the nearest tenth of a million). Assuming the 
projected 2.17-percent carrier population increase continues through 
2026 and real wages for drivers remain constant, then under Option 2, 
for the ten years from 2017 through 2026, the annualized costs of the 
rule to drivers working for non-compliant carriers ordered OOS at a 
seven percent discount rate are $9.4 million ($9.43 million, rounded to 
the nearest tenth of a million). Thus, expenditures by State, local, 
and tribal governments, and the private sector, of $9.4 million 
annually do not rise to the threshold of $155 million or more in any 1 
year for the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995. Comments are welcome 
on this analysis.

Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)

    This proposed action meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) 
and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize 
litigation, eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden.

Executive Order 12630 (Taking of Private Property)

    This proposed rulemaking would not effect a taking of private 
property or otherwise have taking implications under Executive Order 
12630, Governmental Actions and Interference with Constitutionally 
Protected Property Rights.

Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)

    Executive Order 13132 requires FMCSA to develop an accountable 
process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by State and local 
officials in the development of regulatory policies that have 
federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have federalism 
implications'' are defined in the Executive Order to include 
regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on 
the relationship between the national government and the States, or on 
the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels 
of government.'' Under the Executive Order, FMCSA may construe a 
Federal statute to preempt State law only where, among other things, 
the exercise of State authority conflicts with the exercise of Federal 
authority under the Federal statute.
    This proposed action has been analyzed in accordance with the 
principles and criteria contained in Executive Order 13132, and it has 
been determined that this NPRM does have Federalism implications or a 
substantial direct effect on the States. Under this rule, the States 
may choose to participate in MCSAP grants to conduct inspections and 
motor carrier investigations that will be the basis for FMCSA's SFDs. 
FMCSA has statutory authority to adopt a requirement that States 
receiving grants from MCSAP enforce orders issued by FMCSA related to 
CMV safety and HM transportation safety, to include placing an unfit 
motor carrier's driver and CMV OOS after FMCSA has determined a motor 
carrier is unfit.\104\ FMCSA will develop the detailed procedures for 
the program in consultation with the States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \104\ 49 U.S.C. 31102(a) and (b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMCSA notes that it has communicated with the States on the 
proposed requirements for States. Most recently, FMCSA sent a letter to 
the States through the National Governors' Association advising them 
this proposed rule would be published this year proposing requirements 
for the States to make changes to enforce orders issued by FMCSA 
related to CMV safety and hazardous materials transportation safety. 
The letter briefly summarized section 49 U.S.C. 31102, and asked them 
to participate in this NPRM's comment period.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 \105\ requires that FMCSA 
consider the impact of paperwork and other information collection 
burdens imposed by the Agency. The Paperwork Reduction Act does not 
apply to collections of information during the conduct of 
administrative actions or investigations involving an agency against 
specific individuals or entities, unless the collection of information 
is to conduct a general investigation undertaken with reference to a 
category of individuals or entities such as a class of licensees or an 
entire industry.\106\ This exception applies both before and after 
formal charges or administrative action is taken.\107\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \105\ 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.
    \106\ 44 U.S.C. 3518(c)(1)(B)(ii).
    \107\ 5 CFR 1320.4(c).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMCSA is not proposing to conduct general investigations on a 
category of individuals or entities. The collections of information in 
this SFD proposal would be against specific entities on which the 
Agency has opened a case file. Such a case file would be opened when a 
motor carrier is charged with one or more applicable violations of 
Federal, State, or local laws or regulations that occurred while

[[Page 3598]]

operating CMVs on the highways in the United States.
    FMCSA has therefore determined that there are no new information 
collection requirements associated with this proposed rule requiring 
approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.

National Environmental Policy Act

    The Agency analyzed this proposed rule for the purpose of the 
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) \108\ and our 
environmental procedures Order 5610.1, published March 1, 2004 (69 FR 
9680). The Agency has performed an Environmental Assessment on this 
action. The analysis of the potential impacts of this proposed rule 
indicates that, if crash reductions estimated to occur from the 
implementation of the requirements in the final rule actually occur, 
there would be a small net benefit to the environment and public health 
and safety. Projected benefits result mainly from the reduction in air 
emissions and hazardous materials releases occurring from CMV crashes, 
from the reduction of lives lost and injuries prevented, and from the 
reduction of solid waste generated in a CMV crash. FMCSA has 
preliminarily determined that the environmental impacts from the 
proposed action are not significant enough to warrant preparation of an 
environmental impact statement.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \108\ 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMCSA has also analyzed this proposed rule under the Clean Air Act, 
as amended, section 176(c),\109\ and implementing regulations 
promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency. FMCSA performed a 
conformity analysis according to the procedures outlined in appendix 14 
of FMCSA Order 5610.C. This rulemaking would not result in any 
emissions increase, nor would it have any potential to result in 
emissions above the general conformity rule's de minimis emission 
threshold levels. Moreover, it is reasonably foreseeable that the 
proposed rule change would not increase total CMV mileage, change the 
routing of CMVs, change how CMVs operate, or change the CMV fleet-mix 
of motor carriers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \109\ 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Executive Order 13211 (Energy Effects)

    FMCSA has analyzed this proposed action under Executive Order 
13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy 
Supply, Distribution or Use. We have determined preliminarily that it 
would not be a ``significant energy action'' under that Executive 
Order, because it would not be economically significant and would not 
be likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, 
distribution, or use of energy.

Executive Order 12898 (Environmental Justice)

    FMCSA evaluated the environmental effects of this NPRM in 
accordance with Executive Order 12898 and determined that there are 
neither environmental justice issues associated with its provisions nor 
any collective environmental impact resulting from its promulgation. 
Environmental justice issues would be raised if there were 
``disproportionate'' and ``high and adverse impact'' on minority or 
low-income populations. None of the alternatives analyzed in the 
Agency's deliberations would result in high and adverse environmental 
impacts on these groups.

Executive Order 13045 (Protection of Children)

    FMCSA has analyzed this proposal under Executive Order 13045, 
titled ``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and 
Safety Risks.'' The Agency does not believe this Executive Order is 
implicated, because the proposed rule would neither be economically 
significant, nor would it pose an environmental risk to health or 
safety that may disproportionately affect children.

Executive Order 13175 (Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal 
Governments)

    FMCSA analyzed this rulemaking in accordance with the principles 
and criteria in Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination 
with Indian Tribal Governments. This rulemaking does not significantly 
or uniquely affect the communities of the Indian tribal governments or 
impose substantial direct compliance costs on tribal governments. Thus, 
the funding and consultation requirements of Executive Order 13175 do 
not apply and no tribal summary impact statement is required.

Privacy Impact

    Rulemakings may affect how personally identifiable information 
(PII) about individuals is kept and shared. FMCSA ownership of the 
information is not relevant in determining the need to ensure that 
FMCSA regulations do not impose, or require or encourage others to 
impose, privacy intrusions that are not reasonably necessary to achieve 
the purpose of the regulations.
    Section 522 of the Transportation, Treasury, Independent Agencies 
and General Government Appropriations Act, 2005,\110\ instructs FMCSA 
to conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA) of proposed rules that 
will affect the privacy of individuals. The PIA should identify 
potential threats relating to the collection, handling, use, sharing, 
and security of the data; the measures identified to mitigate these 
threats, and the rationale for the final decisions made for the 
rulemaking as a result of conducting the PIA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \110\ Public Law 108-447, Div. H, 118 Stat. 2809, 3268-3270 
(Dec. 8, 2004).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In order to ensure the Agency's data handling conforms to 
applicable legal, regulatory, and policy requirements regarding 
privacy, FMCSA analyzed this proposed rulemaking to determine whether 
it would impact the way information is handled. It analyzed the risks 
and effects the rulemaking might have on collecting, maintaining, and 
sharing PII and examined and evaluated protections and alternative 
processes for handling information to mitigate potential privacy risks. 
PII is any information that permits the identity of an individual to 
whom the information applies to be reasonably inferred by either direct 
or indirect means, singly or in combination with other data. Examples 
of PII include but are not limited to physical and online contact 
information, Social Security number, and driver's license number.
    The Agency does not believe this proposed rulemaking would change 
the Agency's data collection, handling, use, sharing, and security of 
PII data. The current PII data handling requirements conform to 
applicable legal, regulatory, and policy requirements regarding 
privacy. The proposal would not have any effects on collecting, 
maintaining, and sharing PII, but would continue the Agency's 
protections and processes for handling PII to mitigate potential 
privacy risks.

Waiver of Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

    FMCSA is aware of the requirements in section 5202 of the recently 
enacted Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act, Public Law 114-94 
(FAST Act) (Dec. 4, 2015) (adding 49 U.S.C. 31136(g)). FMCSA finds, 
however, that publication of an advance notice of proposed rulemaking 
is unnecessary and contrary to the public interest in this case. The 
rule proposed today has been under development at FMCSA for over 10 
years, and it represents a public investment of thousands of Federal 
employee and contractor hours and

[[Page 3599]]

millions of taxpayer dollars. There have also been several public 
listening sessions conducted during its development, which served the 
important purpose of soliciting early public comment to inform this 
NPRM which would have been one of the goals of an ANPRM. With the 
benefit of this public outreach and internal research, the decision 
whether to devote agency resources to developing a proposed rule, which 
is at the core of any ANPRM, has thus already been made. A full 
opportunity for public participation in this rulemaking is provided and 
encouraged through the public comment process, including the 
opportunity to submit reply comments.

XI. Public Participation and Request for Comments

    FMCSA encourages you to participate in this rulemaking by 
submitting comments, reply comments, and related materials. All 
comments received will be posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov and will include any personal information you 
provide.

A. Submitting Comments

    Initial comments may address any issue raised in the NPRM and the 
background documents in the docket (e.g., Regulatory Evaluation, 
studies). Initial comments will be made available promptly online on 
http://www.regulations.gov and for public inspection in room W12-140, 
DOT Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. In 
order to allow sufficient opportunity for interested parties to prepare 
and submit any reply comments, late-filed initial comments will not be 
considered. Reply comments must address only matters raised in initial 
comments and must not be used to present new arguments, contentions, or 
factual material that is not responsive to the initial comments.
    If you submit a comment or a reply comment, please include the 
docket number for this rulemaking (FMCSA-2015-0001), indicate the 
specific section of this document to which each comment or reply 
comment applies, and provide a reason for each suggestion or 
recommendation. You may submit your comments, reply comments and 
material online or by fax, mail, or hand delivery, but please use only 
one of these means. FMCSA recommends that you include your name and a 
mailing address, an email address, or a phone number in the body of 
your document so the Agency can contact you if it has questions 
regarding your submission.
    To submit your comment or reply comment online, go to http://www.regulations.gov and insert ``FMCSA-2015-0001'' in the ``Search'' 
box, and then click the ``Search'' button to the right of the white 
box. Click on the top ``Comment Now'' box which appears next to the 
document. Fill in your contact information, as desired and your comment 
or reply comment, uploading documents if appropriate. If you submit 
your comments by mail or hand delivery, submit them in an unbound 
format, no larger than 8\1/2\ by 11 inches, suitable for copying and 
electronic filing. If you submit comments or reply comments by mail and 
would like to know that they reached the facility, please enclose a 
stamped, self-addressed postcard or envelope.
    FMCSA will consider all comments, reply comments and material 
received during the comment period and may change this proposed rule 
based on your comments.

B. Viewing Comments and Documents

    To view comments, as well as documents mentioned in this preamble 
as being available in the docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov and 
insert ``FMCSA-2015-0001'' in the ``Search'' box and then click on 
``Search.'' Click on the ``Open Docket Folder'' link and all the 
information for the document, and the list of comments will appear with 
a link to each one. Click on the comment you would like to read. If you 
do not have access to the Internet, you may view the docket online by 
visiting the Docket Services in Room W12-140 on the ground floor of the 
Department of Transportation West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., 
Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except Federal holidays.

C. Privacy Act

    In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553(c), DOT solicits comments from the 
public to better inform its rulemaking process. DOT posts these 
comments, without edit, including any personal information the 
commenter provides, to www.regulations.gov, as described in the system 
of records notice (DOT/ALL-14 FDMS), which can be reviewed at 
www.dot.gov/privacy.

List of Subjects

49 CFR Part 350

    Grant programs-transportation, Highway safety, Motor carriers, 
Motor vehicle safety, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

49 CFR Part 365

    Administrative practice and procedure, Brokers, Buses, Freight 
forwarders, Mexico, Motor carriers, Moving of household goods.

49 CFR Part 385

    Administrative practice and procedure, Highway safety, Mexico, 
Motor carriers, Motor vehicle safety, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

49 CFR Part 386

    Administrative practice and procedure, Brokers, Freight forwarders, 
Hazardous materials transportation, Highway safety, Motor carriers, 
Motor vehicle safety, Penalties.

49 CFR Part 387

    Buses, Freight, Freight forwarders, Hazardous materials 
transportation, Highway safety, Insurance, Intergovernmental relations, 
Motor carriers, Motor vehicle safety, Moving of household goods, 
Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Surety bonds.

49 CFR Part 395

    Highway safety, Motor carriers, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    In consideration of the foregoing, FMCSA proposes to amend title 
49, Code of Federal Regulations, chapter III, as follows:

PART 350--COMMERCIAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

0
1. The authority citation for part 350 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 13902, 31101-31104, 31108, 31136, 31140-
31141, 31161, 31310-31311, 31502; and 49 CFR 1.87.

0
2. Amend Sec.  350.201 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  350.201  What conditions must a State meet to qualify for Basic 
Program Funds?

* * * * *
    (a) Assume responsibility for improving motor carrier safety by 
enforcing FMCSA orders on all commercial motor vehicle safety and 
hazardous materials transportation safety, and by adopting and 
enforcing State safety laws and regulations that are compatible with 
the FMCSRs (49 CFR parts 390 through 397) and the HMRs (49 CFR parts 
107 (subparts F and G only), 171 through 173, 177, 178, and 180), 
except as may be determined by the Administrator to be inapplicable to 
a State enforcement program.
* * * * *

[[Page 3600]]

PART 365--RULES GOVERNING APPLICATIONS FOR OPERATING AUTHORITY

0
3. The authority citation for part 365 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  5 U.S.C. 553 and 559; 49 U.S.C. 13101, 13301, 13901-
13906, 14708, 31138, and 31144; and 49 CFR 1.87.

0
4. Amend Sec.  365.109 by revising paragraph (a)(3) to read as follows:


Sec.  365.109  FMCSA review of the application.

    (a) * * *
    (3) All motor carrier applications will be reviewed for consistency 
with FMCSA's safety fitness determination criteria. Applicants with 
unfit safety fitness determinations from FMCSA will have their 
applications rejected.
* * * * *
0
5. Amend Sec.  365.507 by revising paragraph (f) to read as follows:


Sec.  365.507  FMCSA action on the application.

* * * * *
    (f) FMCSA may grant standard long-haul operating authority to a 
Mexico-domiciled carrier no earlier than 18 months after the date that 
provisional operating authority is granted and only after a 
comprehensive investigation or on-road safety data determines that the 
Mexico-domiciled carrier is not ``unfit'' as set out in subpart B of 
part 385 of this chapter and the Mexico-domiciled carrier is not 
proposed ``unfit'' based on the Agency's safety fitness determination 
criteria.

PART 385--SAFETY FITNESS PROCEDURES

0
6. The authority citation for part 385 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 113, 504, 521(b), 5105(e), 5109, 5113, 
13901-13905, 31133, 31134, 31135, 31136, 31137(a), 31144, 31148, and 
31502; Sec. 113(a), Pub. L. 103-311, 108 Stat. 1676; Sec. 408, Pub. 
L. 104-88, 109 Stat. 958 (49 U.S.C. 31136 note); Sec. 350, Pub. L. 
107-87, 115 Stat. 864 (49 U.S.C. 13902 note); and 49 CFR 1.87.

0
7. Amend Sec.  385.1 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.1  Purpose and scope.

    (a) This part establishes FMCSA's procedures to determine the 
safety fitness of motor carriers, to direct motor carriers to take 
corrective action when required, and to prohibit motor carriers 
determined to be unfit from operating a CMV.
* * * * *
0
8. Amend Sec.  385.3 as follows:
0
a. Add an undesignated introductory paragraph;
0
b. Remove the definitions of ``Preventable accident,'' ``Reviews,'' and 
``Safety ratings''; and
0
c. Add the definitions of ``Acute regulation,'' ``Assistant 
Administrator,'' ``Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Category,'' 
``Compliance review,'' ``Comprehensive investigation,'' ``Critical 
regulation,'' ``Failure standard,'' ``Field Administrator,'' 
``Inspection,'' ``Intervention,'' ``Investigation,'' ``Measure,'' 
``Operating authority registration,'' ``Performance standard,'' 
``Preventable crash,'' ``Registration,'' ``Roadability review,'' 
``Safety audit,'' ``Safety event group,'' ``Safety management 
controls,'' ``Safety registration,'' and ``Unfit,'' in alphabetical 
order.
    The additions read as follows:


Sec.  385.3  Definitions and acronyms.

    The definitions in part 390 of this chapter apply to this part, 
except where otherwise specifically noted.
    Acute regulation means an applicable safety regulation where 
noncompliance with it, discovered during an investigation, is so 
serious as to require immediate corrective action, even if the motor 
carrier's safety record is not otherwise deficient.
* * * * *
    Assistant Administrator means the Assistant Administrator of the 
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. The Assistant 
Administrator is the Chief Safety Officer of the Agency pursuant to 49 
U.S.C. 113(e). Decisions of the Assistant Administrator in 
administrative review proceedings under this part are administratively 
final.
    Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Category (BASIC) means a 
category into which violations are sorted to identify compliance 
patterns. The seven BASICs are:
    (1) Unsafe driving;
    (2) Driver fitness;
    (3) Vehicle maintenance;
    (4) Hours of service (HOS) compliance;
    (5) Hazardous materials (HM);
    (6) Controlled substance/alcohol; and
    (7) Crash indicator.
* * * * *
    Compliance review means a comprehensive or focused review of a 
motor carrier's operations by an investigator who is certified to 
perform the review under the provisions of subpart C of this part. It 
is used to determine if adequate safety management controls are in use.
    Comprehensive investigation. See Compliance review.
    Critical regulation means an applicable safety regulation is 
related to management or operational systems controls. A pattern of 
noncompliance with a critical regulation must be found to affect a 
safety fitness determination. The number of violations required to meet 
the threshold for a pattern is equal to at least 10 percent of those 
records sampled and more than one violation must be found.
    Failure standard means an absolute measure that if met or exceeded, 
based on a motor carrier's own safety performance alone, will cause a 
BASIC to be failed.
    Field Administrator means a position in an FMCSA Service Center who 
has been delegated authority to decide administrative reviews under 
this part on behalf of FMCSA. Field Administrator includes the term 
Regional Field Administrator. The geographical boundaries and mailing 
addresses of each of the four Service Centers are specified in Sec.  
390.27 of this chapter.
* * * * *
    Inspection means an examination of a commercial motor vehicle and/
or its driver by an inspector who is certified to perform the 
examination under the provisions of subpart C of this part.
    Intervention means one of several different means of contacting a 
motor carrier to advise of observed safety deficiencies. This may 
include, but is not limited to, warning letters, investigations, 
Notices of Violation, or the issuance of a Notice of Claim.
    Investigation means an examination of a motor carrier's operations 
to determine compliance with the FMCSRs, Hazardous Materials 
Regulations (HMRs), or other applicable regulations and statutes by an 
investigator who is certified to perform the review under the 
provisions of subpart C of this part.
    Measure means an absolute quantifier of an individual motor 
carrier's safety performance that is derived from that carrier's time-
weighted and severity-weighted violations cited during an inspection, 
divided by the number of inspections or number of vehicles depending on 
the BASIC.
* * * * *
    Operating authority registration means the registration that a for-
hire, non-exempt motor carrier is required to obtain under 49 U.S.C. 
13901 and 13902.
    Performance Standard means an absolute measure, based on a motor 
carrier's safety performance alone.
* * * * *

[[Page 3601]]

    Preventable crash on the part of a motor carrier means that if a 
driver, who exercises normal judgment and foresight could have foreseen 
the possibility of the crash that in fact occurred, and avoided it by 
taking steps within his or her control which would not have risked 
causing another kind of mishap, the crash was preventable. The Agency 
procedures make use of guidance for making preventability 
determinations as set out in FMCSA's A Motor Carrier's Guide to 
Improving Highway Safety, FMCSA-ESO-08-003, December 2009 (available at 
http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/eta/index.htm).
    Registration includes operating authority registration and/or 
safety registration.
    Roadability review means an onsite examination of the intermodal 
equipment provider's compliance with the applicable FMCSRs by an 
investigator who is certified to perform the review under the 
provisions of subpart C of this part.
    Safety audit means an examination of a new entrant motor carrier's 
operations to gather critical safety data needed to evaluate the 
carrier's safety performance and basic safety management controls, and 
to assess the carrier's compliance with safety and operational 
requirements. Safety audits do not result in a safety fitness 
determination. Safety audits must be performed by an auditor who is 
certified to perform the review under the provisions of subpart C of 
this part.
    Safety event group. In the BASICs that are assessed with on road 
safety data except ``Unsafe Driving,'' means a grouping of motor 
carriers based on the number of inspections in a 24 month period. In 
the Unsafe Driving BASIC, means a grouping of motor carriers based on 
the number of inspections with Unsafe Driving violations in a 24 month 
period. Safety event groups are used to determine the applicable safety 
fitness determination failure standard within a BASIC for a specific 
motor carrier.
    Safety management controls means the systems, policies, programs, 
practices, processes, and procedures used by a motor carrier to ensure 
compliance with applicable Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations and 
Hazardous Materials Regulations.
    Safety registration means the registration an employer or person 
subject to FMCSA's safety jurisdiction is required to obtain under 49 
U.S.C. 31134.
    Unfit means a safety fitness determination by FMCSA that a motor 
carrier does not meet the safety fitness standard in Sec.  385.5 and 
may not operate a commercial motor vehicle in interstate or intrastate 
commerce.
0
9. Revise Sec.  385.5 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.5  Safety fitness standard.

    A motor carrier must meet the safety fitness standard set forth in 
this section. Intrastate motor carriers subject to the hazardous 
materials safety permit requirements of subpart E of this part must 
meet the equivalent State requirements. To avoid a safety fitness 
determination of unfit, the motor carrier must demonstrate it has 
adequate safety management controls in place, which function 
effectively to ensure acceptable compliance with applicable safety 
requirements to reduce the risk associated with:
    (a) Controlled substances and alcohol use and testing requirement 
violations (parts 40 and 382 of this title);
    (b) Commercial driver's license standard violations (part 383 of 
this chapter);
    (c) Inadequate levels of financial responsibility (part 387 of this 
chapter);
    (d) The use of unqualified drivers (part 391 of this chapter);
    (e) Improper use and driving of motor vehicles (part 392 of this 
chapter);
    (f) Unsafe vehicles operating on the highways (part 393 of this 
chapter);
    (g) Failure to maintain crash registers and copies of crash reports 
(part 390 of this chapter);
    (h) Non-compliance with the Agency's Hours of Service Regulations 
(part 395 of this chapter);
    (i) Inadequate inspection, repair, and maintenance of vehicles 
(part 396 of this chapter);
    (j) Transportation of hazardous materials, driving and parking rule 
violations (part 397 of this chapter);
    (k) Violation of hazardous materials regulations (parts 170 through 
180 of this title); and
    (l) Motor vehicle crashes, as defined in Sec.  390.5 of this 
chapter, and hazardous materials incidents, as defined in Sec. Sec.  
171.15 and 171.16 of this title.
0
10. Revise Sec.  385.7 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.7  Factors to be considered in making a safety fitness 
determination.

    The factors to be considered during a safety fitness determination 
may include information from operations in the United States, Canada, 
and Mexico from driver/vehicle inspections, an examination of the 
carrier's records during investigations, or crash data. The factors may 
include any or all of the following:
    (a) Adequacy of safety management controls. Safety management 
controls may be considered inadequate if they are found to be 
substantially below the norm for similar carriers. Violations, crashes, 
or incidents substantially above the norm for similar carriers will be 
strong evidence that management controls are either inadequate or not 
functioning properly.
    (b) Frequency and severity of regulatory violations identified 
during investigations and whether similar violations have increased or 
decreased over time.
    (c) Frequency and severity of regulatory violations identified 
during roadside inspections of motor carrier operations in commerce 
and, if the motor carrier operates in the United States, of operations 
in Canada and Mexico.
    (d) Number and frequency of out-of-service violations of motor 
carrier operations in commerce and, if the motor carrier operates in 
the United States, of operations in Canada and Mexico.
    (e) For motor carrier operations in commerce and, if the motor 
carrier operates in the United States, in Canada and Mexico: Frequency 
of crashes; hazardous materials incidents; crash rate per million 
miles; indicators of preventable crashes; and whether such crashes, 
hazardous materials incidents, and preventable crash indicators have 
increased or declined over time.
    (f) Number and severity of violations of CMV, hazardous material 
and motor carrier safety rules, regulations, standards, and orders that 
are both issued by a State, Canada, or Mexico and compatible with 
Federal rules, regulations, standards, and orders.
    (g) Admissibility of inspection data. Inspection reports and 
summaries of inspection data maintained in any existing or future FMCSA 
data systems, such as the Motor Carrier Safety Measurement System and 
the Motor Carrier Management Information System, are self-
authenticating and are admissible as evidence that violations 
identified in the inspection report or data system occurred.
0
11. Add Sec.  385.8 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.8  Service and filing of documents.

    (a) In general. Unless the provisions of this part provide 
otherwise, each of the following papers must be served as described in 
this part.
    (b) Service; how made. Unless otherwise provided in this part, a 
paper is served by:
    (1) Handing it to the person;
    (2) Leaving it at the person's office with a clerk or other person 
in charge or, if not one is in charge, in a conspicuous place in the 
office; or
    (3) If the person has no office or the office is closed, at the 
person's dwelling

[[Page 3602]]

or usual place of abode with someone over the age of 18 who resides 
there;
    (4) Mailing it using the United States Postal Service or a 
commercial delivery service, in which case service is complete upon 
mailing;
    (5) Sending it by electronic means if the person consented in 
writing and the service is effected in the manner identified in the 
consent, in which case service is complete upon transmission but is not 
effective if the serving party learns that it did not reach the person 
to be served; or
    (6) Delivering it by any other means that the person consented to 
in writing, in which case service is complete when the person making 
service delivers it to the agent designated to make delivery.
    (c) Presumption of service. A properly addressed paper served in 
accordance with this part which is returned as unclaimed or refused is 
presumed to have been served. A paper is presumed to have been served 
in accordance with this part if the Agency serves a document on a motor 
carrier at the address provided by the carrier to the Agency in any 
filing required to be made by FMCSA's statutes or regulations.
    (d) Certificate of service. All papers filed after the notice of 
proposed unfit safety fitness determination must contain a certificate 
of service showing the date and manner of service and be signed by the 
person making service.
    (e) Filing of documents. Every paper served in proceedings under 
Sec.  385.15 must be filed with U.S. DOT Docket Services in accordance 
with this part.
    (f) Electronic signatures and filings. The Agency may permit 
electronic signature and filing by electronic means. If permitted by 
the Agency, a paper filed electronically is considered a written paper 
under this part.
0
12. Revise Sec.  385.9 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.9  Determining a carrier's safety fitness.

    (a) FMCSA, using the factors prescribed in Sec.  385.7 as computed 
under the safety fitness determination methodology set forth in 
Appendix B of this part and based upon data received by FMCSA through 
the date of the proposed determination, shall determine whether the 
motor carrier ensures compliance with the regulations set forth in 
Sec.  385.5 and shall assign a safety fitness determination 
accordingly.
    (b) Except as noted in Sec. Sec.  385.16 and 385.17, a motor 
carrier's safety fitness determination will be based on data received 
by FMCSA through the date of the proposed determination under Sec.  
385.11(c).
    (c) If the proposed determination becomes final under this part, it 
shall remain in effect during the period of administrative review under 
Sec.  385.15 or Sec.  385.16, or any review of a request under Sec.  
385.18.
    (d) Unless otherwise specifically provided in this part, a safety 
fitness determination based upon an investigation of a carrier's safety 
management controls in accordance with the standard set forth in Sec.  
385.5(a) will be issued as soon as practicable.
0
13. Revise Sec.  385.11 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.11  Notification of unfit safety fitness determination.

    (a) FMCSA will provide a motor carrier with written notice of a 
proposed unfit safety fitness determination as soon as practicable. The 
notice will take the form of a letter issued from FMCSA and will 
include a list of FMCSR and HMR safety and compliance deficiencies that 
resulted in the unfit safety fitness determination which the motor 
carrier must correct.
    (1) The Agency may serve the written notice on the motor carrier by 
any of the means set forth in Sec.  385.8 that are reasonably 
calculated to provide notice.
    (2) The notice may be made upon:
    (i) An individual officer, director, agent, or any representative 
identified by the motor carrier on filings submitted to the Agency;
    (ii) A resident agent appointed in accordance with the laws of the 
State of formation; or
    (iii) An agent designated for service of process as a condition of 
operating authority registration.
    (b) When FMCSA issues a notice of proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination, that notice becomes the final safety fitness 
determination after the following time periods:
    (1) For motor carriers transporting hazardous materials in 
quantities requiring placarding or transporting passengers by CMV--45 
days after the date of the notice.
    (2) For all other motor carriers operating CMVs--60 days after the 
date of the notice.
    (c) A notice of a proposed unfit safety fitness determination 
advises the motor carrier that FMCSA has made a preliminary 
determination that the motor carrier is unfit to continue operating in 
commerce and that the prohibitions in Sec.  385.13 will be imposed 
after 45 or 60 days, as provided in Sec.  385.13(a), if necessary 
safety improvements are not made.
    (d) A motor carrier may request FMCSA to perform an administrative 
review of a proposed unfit safety fitness determination. The process 
and the time limits are described in Sec.  385.15.
    (e) A motor carrier may request FMCSA to perform a data sufficiency 
review of a proposed unfit safety fitness determination based upon a 
claim of unconsidered inspection data. The process and the time limits 
are described in Sec.  385.16.
    (f) A motor carrier may request a change to a proposed unfit safety 
fitness determination when it can demonstrate it has taken action to 
correct its safety deficiencies that resulted in the unfit safety 
fitness determination and has executed a compliance agreement with 
FMCSA. The process and the time limits are described in Sec.  385.17.
    (g) When a proposed unfit safety fitness determination becomes 
final, a motor carrier that has been issued a final unfit safety 
fitness determination may apply for safety registration and operating 
authority registration when it can demonstrate it has taken action to 
correct its deficiencies that resulted in the unfit safety fitness 
determination based on its corrective action plan. The process and the 
time limits are described in Sec.  385.18.
0
14. Add Sec.  385.12 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.12  Revocation procedures for unfit safety fitness 
determination.

    A proposed safety fitness determination of ``unfit'' under Sec.  
385.11 serves as notice to the motor carrier that its safety and, if 
applicable, operating authority registrations will be revoked within 45 
or 60 days, as applicable, if it does not receive approval to operate 
under a compliance agreement under Sec.  385.17 or the safety fitness 
determination is not changed as a result of an administrative review 
proceeding under Sec.  385.15 or Sec.  385.16. The revocation will be 
effective on or after the date the unfit determination becomes final, 
in accordance with a further order issued under the provisions of 
either Sec.  385.13(e) or Sec.  385.17(f).
0
15. Revise Sec.  385.13 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.13  Unfit motor carriers: prohibition on transportation; 
ineligibility for Federal contracts.

    (a) Generally, a motor carrier operating in interstate commerce 
that has been determined to be unfit is prohibited from operating a CMV 
in interstate or intrastate commerce. Information about motor carriers, 
including their most current safety fitness determination, is available 
from FMCSA on the Internet at http://[FMCSA will provide the Web site 
in the final rule].
    (1) Motor carriers transporting hazardous materials in quantities 
requiring placarding and motor carriers

[[Page 3603]]

transporting passengers in a CMV are prohibited from operating a CMV in 
motor carrier operations in interstate or intrastate commerce beginning 
on the 46th day after the date FMCSA serves the notice of proposed 
unfit safety fitness determination.
    (2) All other motor carriers with an unfit safety fitness 
determination are prohibited from operating a CMV in motor carrier 
operations in interstate or intrastate commerce beginning on the 61st 
day after the date FMCSA serves the notice of proposed unfit safety 
fitness determination.
    (b) A Federal agency must not use a motor carrier if that carrier 
holds an unfit safety fitness determination.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Consequences. (1) If a proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination becomes final, the motor carrier is prohibited from 
operating in commerce without further order. The prohibition applies to 
both the motor carrier's operations in interstate commerce and its 
operations affecting interstate commerce.
    (2) If a motor carrier's intrastate operations are declared out-of-
service by a State, FMCSA must issue an order placing out-of-service 
the carrier's operations in interstate commerce. The following 
conditions apply:
    (i) The State that issued the intrastate out-of-service order 
participates in the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program and uses 
the FMCSA safety fitness determination methodology set forth in 
appendix B of this part or an equivalent methodology approved by FMCSA; 
and
    (ii) The motor carrier has its principal place of business in the 
State that issued the out-of-service order.
    (iii) The order prohibiting the motor carrier from operating a CMV 
in interstate commerce shall remain in effect until the State 
determines that the carrier is not unfit.
    (3) Any motor carrier that operates CMVs in violation of this 
section is subject to the penalty provisions of 49 U.S.C. 521(b) and 
appendix B to part 386 of the FMCSRs.
    (e) Revocation of registration. FMCSA will issue an order revoking 
the safety and, if applicable, operating authority registrations of a 
motor carrier effective on the date a proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination becomes final.
0
15. Revise Sec.  385.15 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.15  Administrative review based on material error.

    (a) Request for review. A motor carrier may ask the Assistant 
Administrator to review a proposed unfit safety fitness determination 
based on an allegation of material error by serving a written petition 
for administrative review under this section. A request for 
administrative review must demonstrate material error in the assignment 
of the motor carrier's proposed unfit safety fitness determination.
    (b) Contents of petition for administrative review. The petition 
for administrative review must be in writing in English and include as 
attachments:
    (1) A copy of the written notice of proposed safety fitness 
determination served on the motor carrier, and the investigation report 
or any other report that formed the basis of the safety fitness 
determination.
    (2) An explanation of the material error(s) the motor carrier 
believes FMCSA committed in assigning the safety fitness determination;
    (3) A list of all factual and procedural issues in dispute and any 
information or documents that support the motor carrier's argument;
    (4) A copy of any pending request for unconsidered inspection data 
filed under Sec.  385.16.
    (c) Service and time for filing petition for administrative 
review--(1) Service and filing required. (i) Within 15 days after 
service of the notice or proposed unfit safety fitness determination, 
the motor carrier must serve the original petition for review on the 
Field Administrator for the Service Center identified in the notice of 
proposed unfit safety fitness determination;
    (ii) The motor carrier must also serve a copy of the petition on 
FMCSA's Adjudications Counsel, by mail, to 1200 New Jersey Ave. SE., 
Washington, DC 20590-0001; or by fax to 202-366-3602; or by electronic 
mail to [email protected]. Adjudications counsel consents to 
electronic service of documents in proceedings under this section;
    (iii) Upon service, the motor carrier must also promptly file a 
copy of its petition for administrative review and any attachments, 
with the U.S. Department of Transportation Dockets, Room W12-140, 1200 
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590.
    (2) Service of subsequent papers. All papers served after the 
petition for administrative review, must be served on the Field 
Administrator, or if represented, his attorney; the motor carrier, or 
if represented, his attorney; and Adjudications Counsel, and filed with 
Docket Services in the same manner as the petition for review.
    (3) Certificate of service. All documents served in a proceeding 
under this section must contain a certificate of service showing the 
date and manner of service and be signed by the person effecting 
service.
    (d) Field Administrator response to petition. The Field 
Administrator may, but is not required to, respond to the petition for 
administrative review. The Field Administrator's response, if any, 
should be served within 10 days of the Field Administrator's receipt of 
the petition for administrative review to ensure that the Assistant 
Administrator has time to consider the Field Administrator's position 
before a decision.
    (e) Additional evidence. The Assistant Administrator may ask the 
motor carrier and/or the Field Administrator to submit additional 
information. If the motor carrier does not provide the information 
requested, the Assistant Administrator may dismiss its request for 
review.
    (f) Written decision. The Assistant Administrator will issue a 
written decision regarding the petition for administrative review 
within:
    (1) Thirty (30) days after Adjudications Counsel receives a 
petition for review from a hazardous materials or passenger motor 
carrier that has received a proposed or final unfit safety fitness 
determination.
    (2) Forty-five (45) days after Adjudications Counsel receives a 
petition for review from any other motor carrier that has received a 
proposed or final unfit safety fitness determination.
    (g) Standard of review. In requesting administrative review of a 
proposed safety fitness determination, the burden of proof is on the 
motor carrier to demonstrate that FMCSA committed material error in 
assigning the safety fitness determination. For purposes of this 
section, material error is a mistake or series of mistakes that 
resulted in an erroneous safety fitness determination or an erroneous 
determination that the carrier does not exercise the necessary basic 
safety management controls.
    (h) Compliance and inspection data. The Assistant Administrator's 
decision is final and conclusive as to the compliance and inspection 
data underlying the safety fitness determination. The determination, 
with respect to previously reviewed data, is conclusive in any 
subsequent petition for administrative review. If a motor carrier 
submits a request for administrative review of a subsequent proposed 
unfit safety fitness determination that is, in part, based on 
compliance and inspection data reviewed during a previous request for 
administrative review, the determination, with respect to the 
previously reviewed data, is conclusive in any subsequent review.

[[Page 3604]]

    (i) Final Agency action. The Assistant Administrator's decision 
constitutes final Agency action, unless reconsideration is requested 
under paragraph (j) of this section, in which case the decision on 
reconsideration is the final Agency action.
    (j) Reconsideration. (1) Within 25 days following service of the 
Assistant Administrator's decision on a petition for administrative 
review under this section, the motor carrier and/or the Field 
Administrator may petition the Assistant Administrator for 
reconsideration of the decision. A petition for reconsideration does 
not stay the imposition of a final safety fitness determination unless 
a stay is requested and granted by the Assistant Administrator.
    (2) A written petition for reconsideration, including any 
attachments, must be served and filed in the same manner as a petition 
for administrative review as specified in this section.
    (3) Either the motor carrier or the FMCSA Field Administrator may 
serve an answer to a petition for reconsideration within 30 days after 
service of the petition for reconsideration on Adjudications Counsel.
    (4) Following the close of the 30-day period, the Assistant 
Administrator will issue a written decision on the petition for 
reconsideration.
    (5) The decision on the petition for reconsideration will 
constitute final Agency action.
    (k) Stay. A petition for administrative review does not stay the 
imposition of a final safety fitness determination unless a stay is 
requested and granted by the Assistant Administrator. A request for 
stay must be served and filed as indicated in this section.
0
16. Add Sec.  385.16 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.16  Request for review based on unconsidered inspection data.

    (a) A motor carrier may ask an FMCSA Field Administrator to conduct 
an administrative review of a proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination because of unconsidered, valid data from inspections that 
occurred in the 24 month period before the proposed safety fitness 
determination. The motor carrier is required to prove that 
recalculating the safety fitness determination using the previously 
unconsidered data would remove the proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination. This section provides the exclusive remedy to request 
review of unconsidered inspection data.
    (b) Service of request. The motor carrier must serve the original 
written request for administrative review seeking review of 
unconsidered inspection data on the FMCSA Field Administrator for the 
Service Center identified in the notice of proposed unfit safety 
fitness determination. The request for administrative review and all 
subsequent filings in proceedings under this section must be served in 
accordance with Sec.  385.8.
    (c) Contents of request. A request for an administrative review of 
a proposed safety fitness determination because of unconsidered 
inspection data must include:
    (1) A copy of the written notice of proposed safety fitness 
determination served by FMCSA;
    (2) Copies of all additional inspection reports that, if included, 
would have resulted in FMCSA's determination that the carrier met the 
safety fitness standard in Sec.  385.5;
    (3) An explanation of why consideration of the additional 
inspection would remove the proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination; and
    (4) A copy of any pending request for administrative review made 
under Sec.  385.15.
    (d) Time for service. A request for an administrative review 
because of unconsidered inspection data must be served on the FMCSA 
Field Administrator within 10 days after service of the notice of the 
proposed unfit safety fitness determination.
    (e) Written decision. The Field Administrator will serve a 
decision:
    (1) Within 10 days after service of a request from a hazardous 
materials or passenger motor carrier that has received a proposed unfit 
safety fitness determination;
    (2) Within 20 days after service of a request from any other motor 
carrier that has received a proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination.
    (f) Standard of review. In an administrative review of a proposed 
safety fitness determination under this section, the burden of proof is 
on the motor carrier to demonstrate that FMCSA did not include 
inspection report data from all inspections of the motor carrier's 
vehicles or drivers conducted during the assessment period and that, if 
included, such data would have resulted in FMCSA's determination that 
the carrier met the safety fitness standard in Sec.  385.5.
    (g) Final Agency action. The decision of the Field Administrator 
constitutes final Agency action, and no additional request for 
administrative review by FMCSA is available.
    (h) Stay. A petition for administrative review under this section 
does not stay the imposition of a final safety fitness determination 
unless a stay is requested and granted by the Field Administrator.
0
17. Revise Sec.  385.17 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.17  Request to defer final unfit safety fitness determination 
and to operate under a compliance agreement.

    (a) A motor carrier that has taken action to correct the 
deficiencies that resulted in a proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination may request a deferral of a final unfit safety fitness 
determination and that a Field Administrator permit it to continue to 
operate under a compliance agreement.
    (b) Service of request. The motor carrier must serve the original 
written request seeking deferral of the final unfit safety fitness 
determination and asking to continue to operate under a compliance 
agreement on the FMCSA Field Administrator for the Service Center 
identified in the notice of proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination. The request for deferral and compliance agreement and 
all subsequent filings in proceedings under this section must be served 
in accordance with the provisions of Sec.  385.8.
    (c) Contents of request. The motor carrier's request must include 
evidence that it has taken necessary actions to correct its 
deficiencies that resulted in the proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination and that its operations, as set forth in a corrective 
action plan and evidenced by its corrective actions, will meet the 
safety standard and factors specified in Sec. Sec.  385.5 and 385.7. 
The motor carrier's evidence must explain the safety management 
breakdowns that resulted in the violations, identify and describe 
clearly defined safety management policies and procedures to prevent 
ongoing or future violations, document organizational roles and 
responsibilities for safety compliance, describe written qualification 
and hiring standards, training and communication plans, and ongoing 
compliance monitoring and implementation procedures, and describe such 
other matters as necessary to assure FMCSA that the motor carrier is 
able to operate safely.
    (d) Time for service. Requests for deferral and a compliance 
agreement must be served within:
    (1) Fifteen (15) days after service of the notice of a proposed 
unfit safety fitness determination for motor carriers transporting 
hazardous materials in quantities requiring placarding or transporting 
passengers by CMV.
    (2) Thirty (30) days after service of the notice of a proposed 
unfit safety fitness determination for all other motor carriers 
operating CMVs.

[[Page 3605]]

    (3) Failure to timely request deferral and a compliance agreement 
waives the right to seek deferral and to continue to operate under a 
compliance agreement.
    (e) Evaluation of request. FMCSA will make a decision on the 
request for deferral of a final safety fitness determination based on 
the documentation the motor carrier submits, together with evidence 
both that the motor carrier has corrected the deficiencies that 
resulted in its unfit determination, and that it will be able to meet 
the performance standards set forth in Sec. Sec.  385.5 and 385.7. As a 
condition of deferral of a final safety fitness determination, the 
carrier will also be required to enter into a compliance agreement. A 
compliance agreement will include, at a minimum, strict safety 
performance standards that the carrier must meet and a specified period 
of time for monitoring of the carrier's safety performance before a 
deferred proposed determination of unfitness may be withdrawn.
    (f) Final Agency action. Except as provided in paragraph (j) of 
this section, the Field Administrator's decision either deferring the 
final imposition of a proposed unfit safety fitness determination or 
denying the request for deferral constitutes final Agency action, and 
is not subject to further administrative review.
    (g) Withdrawal of proposed unfit safety fitness determination. If, 
after a monitoring period, FMCSA determines that the motor carrier has 
taken the corrective actions required, has adhered to the compliance 
agreement for the complete monitoring period, has met the safety 
performance standards established in the compliance agreement, and is 
able to demonstrate through performance data or otherwise that it meets 
the safety standard and factors specified in Sec. Sec.  385.5 and 
385.7, FMCSA will serve a written notice on the motor carrier 
withdrawing the proposed unfit safety fitness determination.
    (h) Failure to comply with deferral requirements. If, after a 
monitoring period, FMCSA determines that the motor carrier has not 
taken all the corrective actions required, has not adhered to the terms 
of the compliance agreement or has not met the safety performance 
standards established in the compliance agreement, FMCSA will serve a 
written notice on the motor carrier that its proposed unfit safety 
fitness determination has become final, order all its motor carrier 
operations out of out-of-service immediately, and revoke the motor 
carrier's safety and, if applicable, operating authority registrations.
    (i) Stays. A request for deferral and compliance agreement does not 
stay the imposition of a final safety fitness determination during the 
consideration of the request unless a stay is requested from and 
granted by the Field Administrator.
    (j) Limited administrative review. Any motor carrier whose request 
for a deferral of a final unfit safety fitness determination is denied 
in accordance with this section may request administrative review under 
Sec.  385.15. The motor carrier must make the request within 30 days of 
the denial of the request for a deferral of a final safety fitness 
determination. Administrative review under this paragraph (j) will be 
limited to whether the denial of such a deferral was an abuse of the 
discretion of the Field Administrator to refuse to enter a compliance 
agreement with the motor carrier. If abuse of discretion is found, the 
Assistant Administrator may order deferral of the final unfit safety 
fitness determination pending execution of a compliance agreement 
within a reasonable period, as specified by order, but substantive 
elements of a compliance agreement are not subject to administrative 
review and shall not be imposed or stricken in such order. If the 
proposed safety fitness determination has become final, it shall remain 
in effect during the period of any administrative review.
0
18. Add Sec.  385.18 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.18  Resuming operations after a final unfit determination.

    (a) General. A motor carrier that has been prohibited from 
operating, had its safety and, if applicable, operating authority 
registrations revoked, and had its USDOT number inactivated following a 
final unfit safety fitness determination under this subpart must not 
resume interstate or intrastate transportation until it obtains new 
registration(s) and its USDOT number is reactivated in accordance with 
this section.
    (b) Application for registration. Following a final unfit safety 
fitness determination, a motor carrier must:
    (1) Apply for registration under the provisions of part 390, 
subpart E, of this chapter and if applicable, part 365 of this chapter; 
and
    (2) File an original corrective action plan covering the items 
outlined in Sec.  385.17(c), including actions planned or completed to 
resolve the safety deficiencies that resulted in the unfit safety 
fitness determination, with the Office of Registration and Safety 
Information, 1200 New Jersey Ave. SE., Washington, DC 20590.
    (c) Grant of registration. FMCSA will grant the application for 
registration and reactivate the motor carrier's USDOT Number after 
determining that:
    (1) The motor carrier has satisfied the requirements of part 390, 
subpart E, of this chapter and if applicable part 365 of this chapter;
    (2) The motor carrier's evidence of corrective action is 
acceptable; and
    (3) The motor carrier agrees to operate under a compliance 
agreement that conforms to the requirements of Sec.  385.17(c) and (e).
    (d) Resuming operations. An applicant may not resume operations 
until it receives notice from FMCSA that it has been granted 
registration and that its USDOT number is active.
0
19. Amend Sec.  385.19 by revising the section heading and paragraphs 
(a) and (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.19  Availability of safety fitness determinations.

    (a) Final unfit safety fitness determinations and information about 
carriers operating under a compliance agreement will be made available 
to other Federal and State agencies in writing, telephonically, or on 
the Internet available through computer access.
    (b) The final unfit safety fitness determination assigned to a 
motor carrier and information about carriers operating under a 
compliance agreement will be made available to the public through the 
Agency's Web site and other information technology systems.
* * * * *
0
20. Add Sec.  385.21 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.21  Transition provisions.

    (a) If a motor carrier receives a proposed safety rating of 
unsatisfactory and a final determination that it is unsatisfactory 
under the provisions of Sec.  385.11 in effect before [EFFECTIVE DATE 
OF FINAL RULE], the motor carrier remains subject to the provisions of 
Sec.  385.13 in effect before [EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE].
    (b) If a motor carrier receives a notice of a proposed safety 
rating and safety fitness determination dated before [EFFECTIVE DATE OF 
FINAL RULE], and issued under the provisions of Sec.  385.11 in effect 
before [EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE] that has not become final, the 
motor carrier may:
    (1) Request an administrative review under the provisions of Sec.  
385.15 in effect before [EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE]; and/or
    (2) Request a change in safety rating under the provisions of Sec.  
385.17 in effect before [EFFECTIVE DATE OF

[[Page 3606]]

FINAL RULE]. If the notice of safety rating and safety fitness 
determination thereafter becomes final, the motor carrier is subject to 
the provisions of Sec.  385.13 in effect before [EFFECTIVE DATE OF 
FINAL RULE].
0
21. Amend Sec.  385.101 as follows:
0
a. Add an undesignated introductory paragraph; and
0
b. Revise the definitions of ``Provisional operating authority'' and 
``Safety audit.''
    The addition and revisions read as follows:


Sec.  385.101  Definitions.

    The following definitions apply to this subpart:
* * * * *
    Provisional operating authority means the registration under Sec.  
365.507 of this chapter that FMCSA grants to a Mexico-domiciled motor 
carrier to provide interstate transportation within the United States 
beyond the municipalities along the United States-Mexico border and the 
commercial zones of such municipalities. It is provisional because the 
carrier will be subject to the safety monitoring program under this 
subpart until it satisfies the requirements of Sec.  385.117, and it 
may be suspended or revoked in accordance with subpart A of this part.
    Safety audit means an examination of a motor carrier's operations 
to gather critical safety data needed to make an evaluation of the 
carrier's safety performance and basic safety management controls. 
Safety audits do not result in safety fitness determinations.
0
22. Amend Sec.  385.103 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.103  Safety monitoring system.

* * * * *
    (e) Comprehensive investigation. The FMCSA will conduct a 
comprehensive investigation on a long-haul Mexico-domiciled carrier 
within 18 months after the FMCSA issues the carrier provisional 
operating authority under part 365 of this chapter.
0
23. Amend Sec.  385.105 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text 
and (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.105  Expedited action.

    (a) A long-haul Mexico-domiciled motor carrier committing any of 
the following violations identified through inspections, or by any 
other means, may be subjected to an expedited safety audit or 
comprehensive investigation, or may be required to submit a written 
response demonstrating corrective action:
* * * * *
    (c) A satisfactory response to a written demand for corrective 
action does not excuse a carrier from the requirement that it undergo a 
safety audit or comprehensive investigation, as appropriate, during the 
provisional operating authority period.
0
24. Revise Sec.  385.109 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.109  The safety fitness determination.

    (a) The criteria used in an investigation or as a result of on road 
safety data will be used to determine whether a Mexico-domiciled 
carrier granted provisional operating authority under Sec.  365.507 of 
this chapter exercises the necessary basic safety management controls 
are specified in this subpart and appendix B to this part.
    (b) If FMCSA does not assign a Mexico-domiciled carrier a proposed 
unfit safety fitness determination following a comprehensive 
investigation conducted under this subpart and consideration of on-road 
safety data, FMCSA will provide the carrier written notice as soon as 
practicable, but not later than 45 days after the completion of the 
comprehensive investigation. The carrier's operating authority will 
remain in provisional status and its on-road safety performance will 
continue to be monitored for the remainder of the 18-month provisional 
registration period.
    (c) Unfit safety fitness determination. If FMCSA assigns a Mexico-
domiciled carrier a proposed unfit safety fitness determination under 
this subpart FMCSA will initiate a suspension and revocation proceeding 
in accordance with subpart A of this part.


Sec.  385.111, 385.113, and 385.115  [Removed and Reserved]

0
25. Remove and reserve Sec. Sec.  385.111, 385.113, and 385.115.
0
26. Amend Sec.  385.117 by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  385.117  Duration of safety monitoring system for Mexico-
domiciled carriers.

* * * * *
    (b) If, at the end of this 18-month period, the carrier has passed 
its most recent safety audit, submitted evidence of acceptable 
corrective action if applicable, neither an investigation nor on road 
safety data have resulted in a deferred, proposed or final unfit safety 
fitness determination, the carrier is neither suspended nor revoked, 
and no additional enforcement or safety improvement actions are 
pending, the Mexico-domiciled carrier's provisional operating authority 
or provisional Certificate of Registration will become standard.
    (c) If, at the end of this 18-month period, FMCSA has not been able 
to conduct a safety audit or comprehensive investigation, the carrier 
will remain in the safety monitoring system until a safety audit or 
comprehensive investigation is conducted. If the carrier passes the 
safety audit or the investigation does not result in a final unfit 
safety fitness determination, the carrier is neither suspended nor 
revoked, and the carrier has no additional enforcement or safety 
improvement actions pending, the carrier's provisional operating 
authority or provisional Certificate of Registration will become 
standard.
* * * * *


Sec.  385.201  [Amended]

0
27. Amend Sec.  385.201 in paragraphs (a) and (b) by removing the 
phrase ``a compliance review,'' and adding, in its place, the phrase 
``an investigation, compliance review,''.


Sec.  385.203  [Amended]

0
28. Amend Sec.  385.203 in paragraphs (a) and (b) by removing the 
phrase ``a compliance review,'' and adding, in its place, the phrase 
``an investigation, compliance review,''.
0
29. Amend Sec.  385.307 by redesignating paragraphs (a) through (c) as 
paragraphs (b) through (d) and adding paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.307  What happens after a motor carrier begins operations as 
a new entrant?

* * * * *
    (a) The new entrant is subject to the safety monitoring system in 
this subpart, the general safety fitness procedures established in 
subpart A of this part, and the compliance and enforcement procedures 
applicable to all carriers regulated by FMCSA.
* * * * *


Sec.  385.308  [Amended]

0
30. Amend Sec.  385.308 as follows:
0
a. In paragraph (a), remove the phrase ``safety audit or a compliance 
review'' and add, in its place, the phrase ``safety audit or an 
investigation,''.
0
b. In paragraphs (b)(1) and (2), remove the phrase ``safety audit or 
compliance review,'' and add, in its place, the phrase ``safety audit 
or an investigation,''.
0
c. In paragraph (c), remove the phrase ``a compliance review,'' and 
add, in its place, the phrase ``an investigation''.


Sec.  385.317  [Amended]

0
31. Amend Sec.  385.317 by removing the phrase ``a compliance review'' 
and adding, in its place, the phrase ``an investigation or on road 
safety data''.


Sec.  385.333  [Amended]

0
32. Amend Sec.  385.333 as follows:

[[Page 3607]]

0
a. In paragraph (b), remove the phrase `` `unfit' after a compliance 
review'' and add, in its place, the word ``unfit,''.
0
b. In paragraph (d), remove the phrase ``safety audit or compliance 
review,'' in each place it appears and adding, in its place, the phrase 
``safety audit or an investigation,''.
0
33. Revise Sec.  385.335 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.335  If the FMCSA completes an investigation on a new 
entrant, will the new entrant also be subject to a safety audit?

    If the FMCSA completes an investigation on a new entrant that has 
not previously been subject to a safety audit and issues a safety 
fitness determination, the new entrant will not have to undergo a 
safety audit under this subpart. However, the new entrant will continue 
to be subject to the 18-month safety-monitoring period prior to removal 
of the new entrant designation.
0
34. Amend Sec.  385.407 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  385.407  What conditions must a motor carrier satisfy for FMCSA 
to issue a safety permit?

    (a) Motor carrier safety performance. (1) The motor carrier must 
have a comprehensive investigation and must not be issued a proposed or 
final unfit safety fitness determination by either FMCSA, pursuant to 
the Safety Fitness Procedures in subpart A of this part, or the State 
in which the motor carrier has its principal place of business, if the 
State has adopted and implemented safety fitness procedures that are 
equivalent to the procedures in subpart A of this part; and
* * * * *
0
35. Amend Sec.  385.409 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.409  When may a temporary safety permit be issued to a motor 
carrier?

* * * * *
    (c) A temporary safety permit is valid for 180 days after the date 
of issuance or until the motor carrier receives a comprehensive 
investigation or the Agency has otherwise made a safety fitness 
determination, whichever comes first.
    (1) A motor carrier that receives a comprehensive investigation and 
has not been issued an unfit safety fitness determination will be 
issued a safety permit (see Sec.  385.421).
    (2) A motor carrier that receives a comprehensive investigation and 
has been issued a proposed or final unfit safety fitness determination 
is ineligible for a safety permit and will be subject to revocation of 
its temporary safety permit.
* * * * *
0
36. Amend Sec.  385.413 by revising the section heading and paragraph 
(a) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.413  What happens if a motor carrier receives a proposed or 
final unfit safety fitness determination?

    (a) If a motor carrier does not already have a safety permit, it 
will not be issued a safety permit (including a temporary safety 
permit) unless and until the motor carrier has a comprehensive 
investigation. A proposed or final unfit safety fitness determination 
will prevent the issuance of a safety permit.
* * * * *
0
37. Amend Sec.  385.421 by revising paragraphs (a)(3) and (c)(1) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  385.421  Under what circumstances will a safety permit be subject 
to revocation or suspension by FMCSA?

    (a) * * *
    (3) A motor carrier is issued a final unfit safety fitness 
determination or receives a proposed unfit and is subsequently approved 
to operate under a compliance agreement;
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) Immediately after FMCSA determines that an imminent hazard 
exists, after FMCSA issues a final unfit safety fitness determination, 
or after a motor carrier loses its operating rights or has its 
registration suspended for failure to pay a civil penalty or abide by a 
payment plan;
* * * * *
0
38. Amend Sec.  385.423 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.423  Does a motor carrier have a right to an administrative 
review of a denial, suspension, or revocation of a safety permit?

* * * * *
    (a) Unfit safety fitness determination. (1) If a motor carrier is 
issued a proposed unfit safety fitness determination, it has the right 
to request the following:
    (i) An administrative review of a proposed unfit safety fitness 
determination, as set forth in Sec.  385.15; or
    (ii) A review based on unconsidered inspection data as set forth in 
Sec.  385.16.
    (2) After a motor carrier has had an opportunity for administrative 
review of a proposed unfit safety fitness determination or review based 
on unconsidered inspection data, FMCSA's issuance of a final safety 
fitness determination constitutes final Agency action. A motor carrier 
has no right to further administrative review of FMCSA's denial, 
suspension, or revocation of a safety permit when the motor carrier has 
been issued a final unfit safety fitness determination.
* * * * *
0
39. Amend Sec.  385.503 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.503  Results of roadability review.

    (a) FMCSA will not assign a safety fitness determination to an 
intermodal equipment provider based on the results of a roadability 
review. However, FMCSA may cite the intermodal equipment provider for 
violations of parts 390, 393, and 396 of this chapter and may impose 
civil penalties resulting from the roadability review.
* * * * *
0
40. Amend Sec.  385.607 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.607  FMCSA action on the application.

* * * * *
    (g) FMCSA may not re-designate a non-North America-domiciled 
carrier's registration from new entrant to standard prior to 18 months 
after the date its USDOT number is issued and subject to successful 
completion of the safety monitoring system for non-North America-
domiciled carriers set out in subpart I of this part. Successful 
completion includes not receiving a final unfit safety fitness 
determination as the result of a comprehensive investigation.
0
41. Amend Sec.  385.701 by adding in alphabetical order a definition 
for ``Comprehensive investigation'' and revising the definition for 
``New entrant registration'' to read as follows:


Sec.  385.701  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Comprehensive investigation. See Compliance review.
    New entrant registration means the provisional registration under 
subpart H of this part that FMCSA grants to a non-North America-
domiciled motor carrier to provide interstate transportation within the 
United States. The carrier will be subject to the enhanced monitoring 
program under this subpart until it satisfies the requirements of Sec.  
385.715.
* * * * *
0
42. Amend Sec.  385.703 by revising paragraphs (b) and (d) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  385.703  Safety monitoring system.

* * * * *
    (b) Safety monitoring. Each non-North America-domiciled carrier new 
entrant

[[Page 3608]]

will be subject to monitoring through inspections.
* * * * *
    (d) Comprehensive investigation. FMCSA will conduct a comprehensive 
investigation on a non-North America-domiciled carrier within 18 months 
after FMCSA issues the carrier a USDOT Number.
0
43. Amend Sec.  385.705 by revising the introductory text of paragraph 
(a) and paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  385.705  Expedited action.

    (a) A non-North America-domiciled motor carrier committing any of 
the following actions identified through inspections, or by any other 
means, may be subjected to an expedited comprehensive investigation, or 
may be required to submit a written response demonstrating corrective 
action:
* * * * *
    (c) A satisfactory response to a written demand for corrective 
action does not excuse a carrier from the requirement that it undergo a 
comprehensive investigation during the new entrant registration period.
0
44. Revise Sec.  385.707 to read as follows:


Sec.  385.707  The comprehensive investigation.

    (a) The criteria used in a comprehensive investigation to determine 
whether a non-North America-domiciled new entrant exercises the 
necessary basic safety management controls are specified in appendix B 
to this part.
    (b) No unfit safety fitness determination. If FMCSA does not assign 
a Non-North America-domiciled carrier an unfit safety fitness 
determination following a comprehensive investigation conducted under 
this subpart, FMCSA will provide the carrier written notice as soon as 
practicable, but not later than 45 days after the completion of the 
comprehensive investigation. The carrier's registration will remain in 
provisional status and its on-highway performance will continue to be 
closely monitored for the remainder of the 18-month new entrant 
registration period.
    (c) Unfit safety fitness determination. If FMCSA assigns a non-
North America-domiciled carrier an unfit safety fitness determination 
following a comprehensive investigation conducted under this subpart, 
it will initiate a suspension and revocation proceeding in accordance 
with subpart A of this part.


Sec. Sec.  385.709, 385.711, and 385.713  [Removed and Reserved]

0
45. Remove and reserve Sec. Sec.  385.709, 385.711, and 385.713.
0
46. Amend Sec.  385.715 by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  385.715  Duration of safety monitoring system.

* * * * *
    (b) If, at the end of this 18-month period, the carrier's most 
recent safety fitness determination was not unfit, the carrier is not 
operating under a compliance agreement, and no additional enforcement 
or safety improvement actions are pending, the non-North America-
domiciled carrier's new entrant registration will become standard.
    (c) If, at the end of this 18-month period, FMCSA has not been able 
to conduct a comprehensive investigation, the carrier will remain in 
the safety monitoring system until a comprehensive investigation is 
conducted. If the results of the comprehensive investigation are not 
unfit the carrier's new entrant registration will become standard.
* * * * *
0
47. Revise appendix B to part 385 to read as follows:

Appendix B to Part 385--Explanation of Safety Fitness Determination 
Methodology

1. Safety Fitness Determination (SFD) Background

1.1 Authority

    The Secretary of Transportation is required to establish a 
methodology to determine the safety fitness of owners and operators 
of commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) operating in commerce. The 
Secretary delegated this responsibility to the Administrator of the 
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA).

1.2 Safety Fitness Regulation

    As directed, FMCSA promulgates regulations that determine the 
safety fitness of motor carriers. Motor carriers must meet the 
safety fitness standard through sustained safe performance and 
compliance with applicable regulations. If the carrier does not meet 
the standard, FMCSA will issue a proposed and/or final unfit SFD, as 
appropriate.

1.3 SFD Methodology

    1.3.1 The methodology developed by FMCSA evaluates safety 
fitness and assigns an unfit SFD to motor carriers operating in 
interstate commerce or in commerce affecting interstate commerce 
that fail to meet the standard.
    1.3.2 This process conforms to Sec.  385.5, Safety fitness 
standard, and Sec.  385.7, Factors to be considered in making a 
safety fitness determination, of this part. Under this methodology, 
a motor carrier's SFD is determined by either or both of the 
following:
    1.3.2.1 On-Road Safety Data--Safety-based violation data from 
driver/vehicle inspections for all domestic and foreign operations 
may be calculated in the SFD process according to Behavior Analysis 
and Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs) (See Tables 1-5 Violation 
Severity Tables in section 5 of this appendix); or
    1.3.2.2 Investigation Results--Violations of Critical and Acute 
regulations from investigations are also used in the SFD process. 
These are regulations that FMCSA has identified as linked to 
likelihood of future crashes or as otherwise significant indicators 
of CMV owner or operator safety. They are listed in Tables 3-1 and 
3-2 of this appendix. Violations of these critical and acute 
regulations are used to assess the appropriate BASIC. In addition to 
violations of the critical and acute regulations, the recordable 
crash rate per million miles may be determined as part of 
investigations under section 2.1.7 of this appendix, Crash Indicator 
BASIC.

1.4 Roadmap to This Appendix

    Sections 2 and 3 of this appendix describe the complete 
methodology used by the two components of the SFD process: (1) On-
road safety data and (2) investigation results. Section 4 of this 
appendix describes in detail the SFD calculation and provides 
examples. Section 5 of this appendix is a set of five violation 
severity tables, which provide cross-references to the description 
of violations in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).

2. Role of BASICs in the SFD Process

2.1 Description of BASICs

    FMCSA employs: (i) All on-road safety performance data from 
inspections; (ii) critical and acute regulation violations from 
investigations; and (iii) crash rates from investigations to 
evaluate motor carrier performance and compliance in seven BASICs. 
When a motor carrier exhibits consistent non-compliance during 
inspections, has violations of critical and/or acute regulations in 
the BASICs identified through an investigation, or has a preventable 
crash rate that meets or is greater than established standards, the 
carrier will fail the BASIC. Any two or more failed BASICs will 
result in a proposed unfit SFD as described in section 4 of this 
appendix.
    The BASICs are:
    2.1.1 Unsafe Driving--Operation of CMVs by drivers in a 
dangerous or careless manner. Examples of violations include: 
Speeding, reckless driving, improper lane change, inattention, 
failure to wear safety belt while operating a CMV, and texting or 
using a mobile telephone while operating a CMV. This BASIC 
corresponds to the requirement in Sec.  385.5(e) of the safety 
fitness standard.
    2.1.2 Hours of Service (HOS) Compliance--Operation of CMVs by 
drivers who are not in compliance with the HOS regulations. This 
BASIC includes violations of driving time limitations and violations 
of regulations regarding the complete and accurate recording of 
records of duty status (commonly known as log books) as they

[[Page 3609]]

relate to HOS requirements. Examples of violations include exceeding 
HOS limits, falsification of records of duty status, and incomplete 
records of duty status. This BASIC corresponds to the requirement in 
Sec.  385.5(h) of the safety fitness standard.
    2.1.3 Driver Fitness--Operation of CMVs by drivers who are unfit 
to operate a CMV due to lack of training, experience, or medical 
qualifications. Examples of violations include: Failure to have a 
valid and appropriate commercial driver's license (CDL) or being 
medically unqualified to operate a CMV. This BASIC corresponds to 
the requirement in Sec.  385.5(b) and (d) of the safety fitness 
standard.
    2.1.4 Vehicle Maintenance--CMV failure due to improper or 
inadequate maintenance. Examples of violations include: brakes, 
lights, cargo securement, and other mechanical defects or failure to 
make required repairs. This BASIC corresponds to the requirement in 
Sec.  385.5(f) and (i) of the safety fitness standard.
    2.1.5 Hazardous Materials (HM) Compliance--CMV incident 
resulting from shifting HM, a release of HM, and unsafe handling of 
HM. Examples of violations include: improper HM load securement and 
hazardous material handling. This BASIC corresponds to the 
requirement in Sec.  385.5(j), (k), and (l) of the safety fitness 
standard.
    2.1.6 Controlled Substances and Alcohol--Operation of CMVs by 
drivers and motor carriers that fail to comply with requirements on 
alcohol or illegal controlled substances. Examples of violations 
include: Use or possession of controlled substances or alcohol or 
using a driver before receiving a negative pre-employment result. 
This BASIC corresponds to the requirement in Sec.  385.5(a) and (e) 
of the safety fitness standard. This BASIC can only fail based on 
investigation results.
    2.1.7 Crash Indicator--Preventable recordable crash rate per 
million vehicle miles traveled (VMT). A recordable crash, consistent 
with the definition for ``accident'' in 49 CFR 390.5, means an 
occurrence involving a CMV on a highway in motor carrier operations 
in commerce that results in a fatality; in bodily injury to a person 
who, as a result of the injury, immediately receives medical 
treatment away from the scene of the crash; or in one or more motor 
vehicles incurring disabling damage that requires the motor vehicle 
to be transported away from the scene by a tow truck or other motor 
vehicle. This BASIC corresponds to the requirement in Sec.  385.5(l) 
of the safety fitness standard. This BASIC can only fail from the 
preventable crash rate recorded during an investigation.

2.2 Data Sources for Assessing On-Road Safety Performance

    The data used to assess on-road safety performance in the BASICs 
are recorded in FMCSA's Motor Carrier Management Information System 
(MCMIS). The specific data elements are described below.
    2.2.1 Driver/Vehicle Inspections are examinations of individual 
CMVs and drivers by certified Federal, State, or local inspectors or 
officers to determine if the CMVs and drivers are in compliance with 
the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) and Hazardous 
Materials Regulations (HMRs).
    2.2.2 Violations are instances of non-compliance recorded and 
documented during driver/vehicle inspections. The methodology 
incorporates both out-of-service violations and non-out-of-service 
violations.
    2.2.3 Motor Carrier Census Data are first collected when a 
carrier obtains a USDOT number. This information is recorded in 
MCMIS by FMCSA and is updated during investigations, during CMV 
registration in States participating in the Performance and 
Registration Information Systems Management (PRISM) Program, by the 
biennial update required by FMCSA regulation (49 CFR 390.19(b)), and 
at the request of the motor carrier. Census data are used to 
identify individual motor carriers and enable FMCSA to attribute 
safety events, e.g., driver/vehicle inspections, crashes, and 
investigations, to the appropriate motor carrier. Census data are 
also used in the methodology to normalize on-road safety data to 
calculate BASIC failure standards. Examples of census data include: 
Number and types of power units operated, physical location of the 
carrier's principal place of business, annual Vehicle Miles 
Traveled, and type of commodities hauled.

2.3 Determining Failed BASICs From Driver/Vehicle Inspection 
Results

    Driver/vehicle inspection and violation data are used to assess 
SFD in five of the seven BASICs--Unsafe Driving, HOS Compliance, 
Driver Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, and Hazardous Materials (HM) 
Compliance. All safety-based violations of the FMCSRs and HMRs, 
specified in Tables 1-5 Violation Severity Tables in section 5 of 
this appendix, are included in calculating the BASICs from Driver/
Vehicle Inspections.
    2.3.1 Types of Inspections: Inspections may include reviews of 
the driver, vehicle, HM, shipment, and combinations of inspections, 
as well as special targeted inspections. However, the inspections 
must include reviews of the appropriate regulations as noted below.
    2.3.2 Driver Inspections: To qualify for inclusion in the SFD 
assessment, a driver inspection must include reviews of the driver's 
compliance with the regulations associated with:
    2.3.2.1 Proper licensing
    2.3.2.2 Medical qualification
    2.3.2.3 Controlled substances and alcohol
    2.3.2.4 Hours of service, and
    2.3.2.5 Operating authority
    2.3.3 Vehicle Inspections: To qualify for inclusion in the SFD 
assessment, a vehicle inspection must include reviews of the 
vehicles' compliance with the regulations associated with:
    2.3.3.1 Brake systems
    2.3.3.2 Coupling devices
    2.3.3.3 Exhaust systems
    2.3.3.4 Frames
    2.3.3.5 Fuel systems
    2.3.3.6 Lighting devices
    2.3.3.7 Cargo securement
    2.3.3.8 Steering mechanisms
    2.3.3.9 Suspensions
    2.3.3.10 Tires
    2.3.3.11 Trailer bodies
    2.3.3.12 Wheels, rims and hubs
    2.3.3.13 Windshield wipers
    2.3.3.14 Emergency exits (buses), and
    2.3.3.15 Engine and battery electrical cables and systems 
(buses)
    2.3.4 HM Inspections: To qualify for inclusion in the SFD 
assessment, an inspection of HM must include reviews of the 
shipment's compliance with the applicable regulations associated 
with:
    2.3.4.1 Shipping papers
    2.3.4.2 Placarding
    2.3.4.3 Bulk packages
    2.3.4.4 Transport vehicle markings
    2.3.4.5 Poison inhalation hazard markings
    2.3.4.6 Non-bulk packaging
    2.3.4.7 Loading and securement
    2.3.4.8 Forbidden items
    2.3.4.9 Radioactive materials and radiation levels, and
    2.3.4.10 Emergency response assistance plans
    2.3.5 Walk-Around Driver/Vehicle Inspection: At a minimum, these 
inspections must include examination of:
    2.3.5.1 Driver's license
    2.3.5.2 Medical examiner's certificate
    2.3.5.3 Skill Performance Evaluation (SPE) Certificate (if 
applicable)
    2.3.5.4 Alcohol and drugs
    2.3.5.5 Driver's record of duty status as required
    2.3.5.6 Hours of service
    2.3.5.7 Seat belt
    2.3.5.8 Vehicle inspection report(s) (if applicable)
    2.3.5.9 Brake systems
    2.3.5.10 Coupling devices
    2.3.5.11 Exhaust systems
    2.3.5.12 Frames
    2.3.5.13 Fuel systems
    2.3.5.14 Lighting devices (headlamps, tail lamps, stop lamps, 
turn signals and lamps/flags on projecting loads)
    2.3.5.15 Securement of cargo
    2.3.5.16 Steering mechanisms
    2.3.5.17 Suspensions
    2.3.5.18 Tires
    2.3.5.19 Van and open-top trailer bodies
    2.3.5.20 Wheels, rims and hubs
    2.3.5.21 Windshield wipers
    2.3.5.22 Emergency exits
    2.3.5.23 Electrical cables and systems in engine and battery 
compartments (buses), and
    2.3.5.24 HM requirements as applicable. HM required inspection 
items will be inspected by certified HM inspectors.
    It is contemplated that the walk-around driver/vehicle 
inspection will include only those items that can be inspected 
without physically getting under the vehicle.
    2.3.6 Quantifying the Violations: Each carrier's driver/vehicle 
violations from inspections are classified into the appropriate 
BASIC and are then time weighted, severity weighted, and normalized 
by exposure to form a quantifiable absolute measure in each BASIC as 
calculated in section 2.4 of this appendix.
    Inspections and any violations recorded during the previous 24 
months in any relevant level driver/vehicle inspection that matches 
the FMCSR and HMR violations

[[Page 3610]]

listed for the appropriate BASIC are used in the calculation. Driver 
inspections are relevant to the Unsafe Driving, Hours of Service 
Compliance, and Driver Fitness BASICs. Vehicle inspections are 
relevant to the Vehicle BASIC and vehicle inspections with 
placardable hazardous materials are relevant to the Hazardous 
Materials BASIC. The applicable violations are shown in Tables 1-5, 
in section 5 of this appendix, Violation Severity Tables. Where 
multiple counts of the same violation are recorded, the methodology 
uses each violation recorded only once per inspection.
    2.3.7 Violation Severity: Applicable safety-based violations of 
the FMCSRs and HMRs that are associated with each BASIC and 
documented during an inspection are assigned severity weights that 
reflect their association with crash risk in terms of crash 
occurrence and crash consequences. The stronger the relationship 
between a violation and crash risk, the higher its assigned weight. 
A separate weighting parameter identifies violations that result in 
an out-of-service order as defined in 49 CFR 390.5, and additional 
weight is applied to these violations.
    The violation severity weights of 1 to 10 can be found in Tables 
1 to 5 in section 5 of this appendix. The Agency uses severity 
weights to differentiate crash risks relative to particular 
violations within a particular BASIC only. The level of crash risk 
is assigned to each applicable violation ranging from 1 (less 
severe) to 10 (most severe); see the HOS Compliance Table (Table 2 
in section 5 of this appendix, Violation Severity Tables) for the 
violations' corresponding severity weights.
    An out-of-service weight of 2 is then added to the severity 
weight of out-of-service violations, except for violations in the 
Unsafe Driving BASIC because unsafe driving violations rarely result 
in an out-of-service condition.
    In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the out-of-
service weight of 2 applies only to the most severe count, if any of 
the counts of the violations are out-of-service.
    2.3.8 Time Weights: Each inspection and associated violation is 
assigned a time weight. The time weight of inspections and 
violations decreases as time elapses, resulting in more recent 
inspections having a greater impact on a motor carrier's measure 
within a BASIC than results of older inspections. Events beyond 24 
months are not used for SFD. The 24-month time frame was chosen 
based on FMCSA analysis indicating that using 24 months of 
inspection data provided an adequate time frame to identify motor 
carriers with performance deficiencies and to assess improvements or 
degradation in performance. The inspections and violations are 
grouped into three time periods and assigned a time weight. 
Inspections conducted and violations recorded in the most recent 
time period (recorded in the past 6 months) receive a time weight of 
3. Inspections conducted and violations recorded in the next most 
recent time period (older than 6 months and within the past 12 
months) receive a time weight of 2. Inspections conducted and 
violations recorded in the oldest time period (older than 12 months 
but within the past 24 months) receive a time weight of 1.
    2.3.9 Time and Severity Weight. This weight is a violation's 
severity weight multiplied by its time weight. The sum of all 
violation severity weights for any one inspection is capped at a 
maximum of 30, prior to applying time weights.
    2.3.10 Normalization: When appropriate, the motor carrier's 
BASICs measures are normalized to reflect differences in inspection 
and other safety oversight exposure among motor carriers. The 
normalization approach varies depending on the BASIC being measured.
    HOS Compliance and Driver Fitness measures are normalized by 
adding the number of time-weighted driver inspections, while Vehicle 
Maintenance BASIC measures are normalized by adding the number of 
time-weighted vehicle inspections. The HM Compliance BASIC is 
normalized by adding the number of time-weighted vehicle inspections 
where placardable quantities of HM were present. The inspections 
used to normalize a BASIC measure are considered relevant 
inspections.
    The Unsafe Driving BASIC is calculated by reference to carrier 
size (i.e., a hybrid calculation using power units and VMT) instead 
of by the number of inspections. Carriers with known above-average 
truck utilization, in terms of VMT per power unit, have their size 
adjusted upwards to account for their additional exposure to being 
found with Unsafe Driving BASIC violations such as speeding. Section 
2.4.1.2 of this appendix contains a further explanation of this 
adjustment.
    2.3.11 Data Sufficiency: To ensure that a BASIC measure is a 
viable metric of systemic safety problems, data sufficiency criteria 
are applied. The data sufficiency criteria require that a motor 
carrier has had at least 11 inspections with one or more violations 
in each inspection. These criteria ensure adequate performance data 
that demonstrate a pattern of violations across multiple inspections 
are obtained before an unfit SFD is proposed.
    2.3.12 Safety-Event Groups: The SFD BASIC failure standards are 
based on the number of safety events (i.e., violations or 
inspections). Carriers with similar numbers of safety events are 
grouped together and compared against the failure standard 
associated with that safety event group. This tiered approach 
accounts for variability in levels of exposure and enables carriers 
with similar levels of exposure to be held to the same standards.

2.4 SFD BASIC Failure Standards

    The measures for each of a motor carrier's BASICs are calculated 
and compared to SFD BASIC failure standards. Higher measures 
indicate a lower level of safety performance; and, therefore, any 
carrier's measure that equals or is greater than the SFD BASIC 
failure standard constitutes a failure in that BASIC. These failed 
BASICs measures are then applied to the SFD calculation described in 
section 4 of this appendix.
    Table 2-1 through Table 2-8 of this appendix show the SFD BASIC 
failure standards. The failure standards were established at levels 
equivalent to the measures that would have placed a motor carrier at 
the 96th percentile for the Unsafe Driving and HOS Compliance BASICs 
and the 99th percentile for the Driver Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance, 
and HM Compliance BASICs for each safety-event group as of March 22, 
2013.
    A carrier's absolute BASIC performance measure, not the 
carrier's percentile within a given month, is used to determine if 
the carrier failed the BASIC. A carrier with a BASIC measure that 
equals or is greater than the failure standard for the carrier's 
safety-event group fails that BASIC.
    2.4.1 Unsafe Driving BASIC: A motor carrier's measure is 
calculated through driver inspections as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.003

    The Unsafe Driving BASIC accounts for further carrier 
differences by dividing the carrier population into two segments 
based on the current mix of the types of vehicles the carrier 
operates. This differentiates the levels of exposure associated with 
carriers that have fundamentally different types of operations.
    The two segments are ``combination'' or ``straight truck.'' The 
combination segment includes those carriers that operate either 
truck tractors or motor coaches. Carriers are placed in the 
combination category if 70 percent or more of the carrier's total 
power units meet that definition. The straight truck segment 
includes all other carriers, including those that operate straight 
trucks, HM cargo tank trucks, or school buses/mini-buses/limousines/
vans with a capacity of 9 or more passengers. These different types 
of power units are defined on the Application for USDOT 
Registration/Operating Authority (Form MCSA-1) instructions.
    The BASIC failure standards are shown in Table 2-1 and 2-2 of 
this appendix. Any carrier with an Unsafe Driving BASIC measure 
equal to or greater than the safety-event group failure standard 
fails this BASIC.

[[Page 3611]]



 Table 2-1 to Appendix B to Part 385--Unsafe Driving Failure Standards:
                         Straight Truck Segment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         BASIC failure
                                                            standard
Safety-event group (number of inspections with unsafe    (equivalent to
                 driving violations)                        the 96th
                                                          percentile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-18................................................               9.64
19-49................................................               5.12
50+..................................................               1.47
------------------------------------------------------------------------


 Table 2-2 to Appendix B to Part 385--Unsafe Driving Failure Standards:
                           Combination Segment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         BASIC failure
   Safety-event group  (number of inspections with       standard  (96%
              unsafe driving violations)                   threshold)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-21................................................              14.21
22-57................................................               9.58
58-149...............................................               6.26
150+.................................................               2.80
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2.4.1.1 Unsafe Driving average power units. The Unsafe Driving 
BASIC violations are normalized by the number of owned, term-leased, 
and trip-leased power units (truck tractors, straight trucks, HM 
cargo tank trucks, motorcoaches, and school buses/mini-buses/
limousines/vans with a capacity of 9 or more passengers) based on 
FMCSA's census data and are further adjusted for VMT where 
available, as explained in the ``Utilization Factor'' section of 
this appendix. The average number of power units for each carrier is 
calculated using the carrier's current number of power units as 
recorded in the motor carrier census at 6 months and 18 months prior 
to the SFD. The average power unit calculation is shown below:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.004

    2.4.1.2 Unsafe Driving Utilization Factor. The Unsafe Driving 
Utilization Factor is a multiplier that adjusts the average power 
unit values based on utilization in terms of VMT per average power 
unit where VMT data from the past 24 months are available. In cases 
where the VMT data has been obtained multiple times over the past 24 
months for the same carrier, the most current VMT figure is used. 
The Utilization Factor is calculated as follows:
    (a) Determine carrier segment as ``combination'' or ``straight 
truck'' based on the types of vehicles the carrier operates, as 
previously defined in this section.
    (b) Calculate the VMT per average power unit by taking the most 
recent positive VMT data and dividing it by the average power units, 
as previously defined in this section.
    (c) Using the VMT per average power unit, based on paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section, find the Utilization Factor in the 
following tables:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.012


 Table 2-4 to Appendix B to Part 385--Utilization Factors, Based on VMT
            per Average Power Unit for Straight Truck Segment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       VMT per average power unit               Utilization factor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less Than 20,000.......................  1.
20,000-60,000..........................  VMT per Power Unit/20,000.
60,000-200,000.........................  3.
Greater Than 200,000...................  1.
No Recent VMT Information..............  1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2.4.2 HOS Compliance BASIC: A motor carrier's measure is 
calculated using driver inspections as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.005


[[Page 3612]]


    The failure standards are shown in Table 2-5 of this appendix. 
Any carrier with an HOS Compliance BASIC measure equal to or greater 
than the failure standard shown for its safety-event group fails 
this BASIC.

  Table 2-5 to Appendix B to Part 385--HOS Compliance Failure Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          BASIC  failure
       Safety-event group  (number of inspections)        standard  (96%
                                                            threshold)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-20...................................................            4.15
21-100..................................................            3.13
101-500.................................................            2.2
501+....................................................            1.54
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2.4.3 Driver Fitness BASIC: A motor carrier's measure is 
calculated using driver inspections as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.006

    The failure standards are shown in Table 2-6 of this appendix. 
Any carrier with a Driver Fitness BASIC measure equal to or greater 
than the failure standard shown for its safety-event group fails 
this BASIC.

  Table 2-6 to Appendix B to Part 385--Driver Fitness Failure Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          BASIC  failure
       Safety-event group  (number of inspections)        standard  (99%
                                                            threshold)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-20...................................................            2.74
21-100..................................................            1.39
101-500.................................................            0.50
501+....................................................            0.24
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2.4.4 Controlled Substances and Alcohol BASIC: A motor carrier 
cannot fail this BASIC through inspection data alone because of the 
limited amount of such data available through inspections. See 
sections 3.1, Critical Regulations, and 3.2, Acute Regulations, in 
this appendix for more information on how this BASIC is evaluated 
through an investigation of the motor carrier's compliance with 
controlled substances and alcohol regulations.
    2.4.5 Vehicle Maintenance BASIC: A motor carrier's measure is 
calculated using vehicle inspections as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.007

    The failure standards are shown in Table 2-7 of this appendix. 
Any carrier with a Vehicle Maintenance BASIC measure equal to or 
greater than the failure standard shown for its safety-event group 
fails this BASIC.

    Table 2-7 to Appendix B to Part 385--Vehicle Maintenance Failure
                                Standard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          BASIC  failure
       Safety-event group  (number of inspections)        standard  (99%
                                                            threshold)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-20...................................................           18.79
21-100..................................................           16.12
101-500.................................................           11.82
501+....................................................            8.91
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2.4.6 HM Compliance BASIC: A motor carrier's measure is 
calculated using vehicle inspections where placardable quantities of 
HM are being transported as follows.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.008

    The failure standards are shown in Table 2-8 of this appendix. 
Any carrier with a HM Compliance BASIC measure equal to or greater 
than the failure standard shown for its safety-event group fails 
this BASIC.

  Table 2-8 to Appendix B to Part 385--HM Compliance Failure Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          BASIC  failure
       Safety-event group  (number of inspections)        standard  (99%
                                                            threshold)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-15...................................................            6.87
16-40...................................................            4.82
41-100..................................................            2.56

[[Page 3613]]

 
101+....................................................            1.95
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2.4.7 Crash Indicator BASIC: See section 3.3 in this appendix 
for more information on how this BASIC is evaluated during an 
investigation.

3. Investigation Results in the SFD Process

3.1 Critical Regulations

    Violations of critical regulations are identified through 
investigations. A critical regulation means an applicable safety 
regulation is related to management or operational systems controls. 
A pattern of noncompliance with a critical regulation must be found 
to affect a safety fitness determination. A BASIC is failed when 
these violations are discovered in at least 10 percent of the 
carrier's records examined, and more than one violation must be 
found. Table 3-1 of this appendix provides a list of cross-
references of the critical regulations to the appropriate BASICs. 
These are existing regulations with actual legal prohibitions and 
requirements set forth in and controlled by the language of the 
substantive violations in each section of title 49 of the CFR cross-
referenced.

                            Table 3-1 to Appendix B to Part 385--Critical Regulations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                         Behavior analysis and
             49 CFR Section                        Description of violation               safety improvement
                                                                                           category  (BASIC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
173.24(b)(1)............................  Accepting for transportation or             HM Compliance.
                                           transporting a package that has an
                                           identifiable release of a HM to the
                                           environment.
173.24b(d)(2)...........................  Loading bulk packaging with an HM which     HM Compliance.
                                           exceeds the maximum weight of lading
                                           marked on the specification plate.
173.33(a)(1)............................  Offering or accepting an HM for             HM Compliance.
                                           transportation in an unauthorized cargo
                                           tank.
173.33(a)(2)............................  Loading or accepting for transportation     HM Compliance.
                                           two or more materials in a cargo tank
                                           motor vehicle which if mixed result in an
                                           unsafe condition.
173.33(b)(1)............................  Loading HM in a cargo tank if during        HM Compliance.
                                           transportation any part of the tank in
                                           contact with the HM would have a
                                           dangerous reaction.
177.800(c)..............................  Failing to instruct a category of           Driver Fitness.
                                           employees in HM regulations.
177.817(a)..............................  Transporting a shipment of HM not           HM Compliance.
                                           accompanied by a properly prepared
                                           shipping paper.
177.834(i)..............................  Loading or unloading a cargo tank without   HM Compliance.
                                           a qualified person in attendance.
177.848(d)..............................  Failing to store, load, or transport HM in  HM Compliance.
                                           accordance with the segregation table.
180.407(a)..............................  Transporting a shipment of HM in a cargo    HM Compliance.
                                           tank that has not been inspected or
                                           retested in accordance with Sec.
                                           180.407.
382.301(a)..............................  Using a driver before the motor carrier     Controlled Substances.
                                           has received a negative pre-employment
                                           controlled substance test result.
382.303(a)..............................  Failing to conduct post-accident testing    Controlled Substances
                                           on driver for alcohol.
382.303(b)..............................  Failing to conduct post-accident testing    Controlled Substances.
                                           on driver for controlled substances.
382.305(b)(1)...........................  Failing to conduct random alcohol testing   Controlled Substances.
                                           at an annual rate of not less than the
                                           applicable annual rate of the average
                                           number of driver positions.
382.305(b)(2)...........................  Failing to conduct random controlled        Controlled Substances.
                                           substances testing at an annual rate of
                                           not less than the applicable annual rate
                                           of the average number of driver positions.
382.309.................................  Using a driver without a return to duty     Controlled Substances.
                                           test.
382.503.................................  Allowing a driver to perform a safety       Controlled Substances.
                                           sensitive function, after engaging in
                                           conduct prohibited by subpart B, without
                                           being evaluated by a substance abuse
                                           professional, as required by Sec.
                                           382.605.
383.3(a)/383.23(a)......................  Using a driver who does not possess a       Driver Fitness.
                                           valid CDL.
391.45(a)...............................  Using a driver not medically examined and   Driver Fitness.
                                           certified.
391.45(b)(1)............................  Using a driver not medically examined and   Driver Fitness.
                                           certified during the preceding 24 months.
391.51(a)...............................  Failing to maintain a driver qualification  Driver Fitness.
                                           file on each driver employed.
392.2...................................  Operating a motor vehicle not in            Unsafe Driving.
                                           accordance with the laws, ordinances, and
                                           regulations of the jurisdiction in which
                                           it is being operated.
392.6...................................  Scheduling a run which would necessitate    Unsafe Driving.
                                           the vehicle being operated at speeds in
                                           excess of those prescribed.
392.9(a)(1).............................  Requiring or permitting a driver to drive   Vehicle Maintenance.
                                           without the vehicle's cargo being
                                           properly distributed and adequately
                                           secured.
395.1(h)(1)(i)..........................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive more than 15
                                           hours (Driving in Alaska).
395.1(h)(1)(ii).........................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty 20 hours (Driving in Alaska).
395.1(h)(1)(iii)........................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 70 hours in 7
                                           consecutive days (Driving in Alaska).
395.1(h)(1)(iv).........................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 80 hours in 8
                                           consecutive days (Driving in Alaska).
395.1(h)(2)(i)..........................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive more than 15
                                           hours (Driving in Alaska).
395.1(h)(2)(ii).........................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty 20 hours (Driving in Alaska).
395.1(h)(2)(iii)........................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 70 hours in 7
                                           consecutive days (Driving in Alaska).
395.1(h)(2)(iv).........................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 80 hours in 8
                                           consecutive days (Driving in Alaska).

[[Page 3614]]

 
395.1(o)................................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty 16 consecutive hours.
395.3(a)(1).............................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive without
                                           taking an off-duty period of at least 11
                                           consecutive hours prior to driving.
395.3(a)(2).............................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after the
                                           end of the 14th hour after coming on duty.
395.3(b)(1).............................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 60 hours in 7
                                           consecutive days.
395.3(b)(2).............................  Requiring or permitting a property-         HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 70 hours in 8
                                           consecutive days.
395.5(a)(1).............................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive more than 10
                                           hours..
395.5(a)(2).............................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty 15 hours.
395.5(b)(1).............................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 60 hours in 7
                                           consecutive days.
395.5(b)(2).............................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-        HOS Compliance.
                                           carrying CMV driver to drive after having
                                           been on duty more than 70 hours in 8
                                           consecutive days.
395.8(a)................................  Failing to require driver to make a record  HOS Compliance.
                                           of duty status.
395.8(e)................................  False reports of records of duty status...  HOS Compliance
395.8(i)................................  Failing to require driver to forward        HOS Compliance.
                                           within 13 days of completion, the
                                           original of the record of duty status.
395.8(k)(1).............................  Failing to preserve driver's record of      HOS Compliance.
                                           duty status for 6 months.
395.8(k)(1).............................  Failing to preserve driver's records of     HOS Compliance.
                                           duty status supporting documents for 6
                                           months.
396.3(b)................................  Failing to keep minimum records of          Vehicle Maintenance.
                                           inspection and vehicle maintenance.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.2 Acute Regulations

    Another component in the SFD process is the set of 16 Acute 
regulations. A BASIC can be failed based on documentation of 
violation of a single instance of one of the acute regulations 
discovered during any investigation. Table 3-2 of this appendix 
contains cross references to acute regulations that are existing 
legal prohibitions and requirements set forth in and controlled by 
the language of the substantive violations in each section of title 
49 of the CFR cross-referenced herein.

                             Table 3-2 to Appendix B to Part 385--Acute Regulations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Behavior analysis and safety
            49 CFR Section                      Description of violation           improvement category  (BASIC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
177.801...............................  Accepting for transportation or           HM Compliance.
                                         transporting a forbidden material.
382.115(a)............................  Failing to implement an alcohol and/or    Controlled Substances.
                                         controlled substances testing program
                                         (domestic motor carrier).
382.115(b)............................  Failing to implement an alcohol and/or    Controlled Substances.
                                         controlled substances testing program
                                         (foreign motor carrier).
382.201...............................  Using a driver known to have an alcohol   Controlled Substances.
                                         concentration of 0.04 or greater.
382.211...............................  Using a driver who has refused to submit  Controlled Substances.
                                         to an alcohol or controlled substances
                                         test required under part 382.
382.215...............................  Using a driver known to have tested       Controlled Substances.
                                         positive for a controlled substance, or
                                         to have otherwise violated Sec.
                                         382.215.
382.305...............................  Failing to implement a random controlled  Controlled Substances.
                                         substances and/or an alcohol testing
                                         program.
383.37(a).............................  Knowingly allowing, requiring,            Driver Fitness.
                                         permitting, or authorizing an employee
                                         who does not have a current CLP or CDL,
                                         who does not have a CLP or CDL with the
                                         proper class or endorsements, or who
                                         operates a CMV in violation of any
                                         restriction on the CLP or CDL to
                                         operate a CMV.
383.51(a).............................  Knowingly allowing, requiring,            Driver Fitness.
                                         permitting, or authorizing a driver to
                                         drive who is disqualified to drive a
                                         CMV.
391.11(b)(4)..........................  Using a physically unqualified driver...  Driver Fitness.
391.15(a).............................  Using a disqualified driver.............  Driver Fitness.
396.9(c)(2)...........................  Requiring or permitting the operation of  Vehicle Maintenance.
                                         a motor vehicle declared ``out-of-
                                         service'' before repairs were made.
396.11(c).............................  Failing to correct out-of-service         Vehicle Maintenance.
                                         defects listed by driver in a driver
                                         vehicle inspection report before the
                                         vehicle is operated again.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 3615]]

3.3 Crash Indicator BASIC

    A recordable crash, consistent with the definition for ``crash'' 
in 49 CFR 390.5, means an occurrence involving a CMV on a highway in 
motor carrier operations in commerce, including within Canada or 
Mexico, that results in (i) a fatality; (ii) in bodily injury to a 
person who, as a result of the injury, immediately receives medical 
treatment away from the scene of the crash; or (iii) in one or more 
motor vehicles incurring disabling damage that requires the motor 
vehicle to be transported away from the scene by a tow truck or 
other motor vehicle.
    A motor carrier can only fail the Crash Indicator BASIC if the 
motor carrier incurs two or more recordable crashes within the 12 
months before the investigation. FMCSA will then determine if the 
reportable crashes were preventable.
    For motor carriers with two or more recordable crashes within 
the 12 months before the investigation, the investigator will:
    (1) Determine the carrier's recordable crash rate. The 
recordable crash rate is the number of recordable crashes per 
million miles traveled by the carriers CMVs over the previous 12 
months.
    (2) If the recordable crash rate would cause the carrier to fail 
the Crash Indicator BASIC, calculate the preventable crash rate for 
the carrier by evaluating the preventability of the recordable 
crashes that have occurred in the 12 months before the 
investigation. Preventability will be determined according to the 
following standard: ``If a driver, who exercises normal judgment and 
foresight could have foreseen the possibility of the crash that in 
fact occurred, and avoided it by taking steps within his/her control 
which would not have risked causing another kind of mishap, the 
crash was preventable.''
    Preventability will be determined according to the standard set 
forth above. It is important to note that preventability is a 
different, higher standard than fault. The standard of 
preventability for a professional driver includes the expectation 
that he or she anticipated the possibility of the crash and adjusted 
his or her driving or behavior to avoid the crash.
    In determining preventability, FMCSA may also follow the 
preventability guidance found on FMCSA's Web site at http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/eta/index.htm. This guidance was 
developed to assist in determining the preventability of a crash. 
This guidance, however, does not supplant the analytical judgment of 
FMCSA professionals making preventability determinations. Each crash 
must be judged individually, taking into account available evidence.
    If the motor carrier's preventable crash rate exceeds the 
failure standard for the Crash Indicator BASIC, the motor carrier 
will fail that BASIC. An urban carrier (a carrier operating entirely 
within a radius of 100 air miles) with a preventable crash rate 
greater than 1.7 will fail the Crash Indicator BASIC. All other 
carriers with a preventable crash rate greater than 1.5 will fail 
the Crash Indicator BASIC.

4. SFD Methodology

    As shown in Figure 4-1 of this appendix, under this methodology 
there are two major sources that could impact a motor carrier's SFD: 
(1) Driver/vehicle inspections; and (2) violations of the critical 
and acute regulations or preventable crashes documented during an 
investigation. As shown in Figure 4-1, data obtained under sources 
(1) and (2) align with the seven BASICs and are used to determine 
whether a carrier has failed any of the BASICs.

4.1 SFD Calculation

    4.1.1 Standards for Failed BASICs: The BASICs were analyzed for 
their relationship with carrier crash risk. The BASICs with the 
strongest associations with crash risk have a stricter failure 
standard (i.e., equivalent percentile) than those with less crash 
relationship. As a result, the failure standards for these two 
BASICs related to driver safety, Unsafe Driving and HOS Compliance, 
are distinguished from the others to place more emphasis on these 
types of violations consistent with current FMCSA research, which 
suggests that the majority of CMV crashes in which the motor carrier 
can be held accountable involve CMV driver error.
    4.1.2 Unfit. If the carrier fails two BASICs through (1) 
inspection data, (2) an investigation, or (3) a combination of 
inspection and investigation data, then the carrier receives a 
proposed unfit SFD. For the purposes of the determination, there is 
no difference between a failed BASIC based on driver/vehicle 
inspection safety results and a failed BASIC based on violations of 
the critical and acute regulations found through investigation; 
either or both circumstances will produce a failed BASIC, and a 
combination of two or more failed BASICs results in a proposed unfit 
SFD for the carrier. If the carrier has not failed two BASICs, then 
the carrier would be permitted to continue operating.

4.2 Calculation Examples

    To further demonstrate the methodology, three examples of how a 
proposed SFD of unfit is calculated are provided below.
    4.2.1 Example 1--Proposed Unfit SFD Based on Inspection Data: In 
the first example (see Figure 4-1 of this appendix), Carrier A had 
inspections that resulted in the discovery of several HOS Compliance 
BASIC-related violations. Based on the methodology described in 
section 2.4.2 of this appendix, the carrier's HOS Compliance BASIC 
measure exceeded the BASIC failure standard in Table 2-5 of this 
appendix, which caused the carrier to fail this BASIC. In addition, 
the motor carrier had violations that caused it to exceed the 
failure standards in the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC. Because there 
are two failed BASICs, this carrier would receive a proposed SFD of 
unfit.

[[Page 3616]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.009

    4.2.2 Example 2--Proposed Unfit SFD Based on Inspection Data and 
an Investigation: In the second example (see Figure 4-2 of this 
appendix), Carrier B had inspections that resulted in the discovery 
of several Vehicle Maintenance BASIC-related violations. Based on 
the methodology described in section 2.4.5 of this appendix, the 
carrier's Vehicle Maintenance BASIC measure met or exceeded the 
BASIC failure standard in Table 2-7 of this appendix, which caused 
the carrier to fail this BASIC. This carrier also received an 
investigation where at least one critical regulation violation in 
the Controlled Substances and Alcohol BASIC, listed in section 3.1 
of this appendix, was discovered, resulting in a failed Controlled 
Substances/Alcohol BASIC. Because the motor carrier has two failed 
BASICs, this carrier would receive an SFD of proposed unfit.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.010

    4.2.3 Example 3--Proposed Unfit SFD Based on Investigation 
Findings: In the third example (see Figure 4-3 of this appendix), 
Carrier C did not have any BASIC over the unfit threshold based on 
on-road safety performance, but during an investigation a

[[Page 3617]]

sufficient number of violations of either Critical or Acute 
regulations in two different BASICs were documented. Because two 
BASICs exceeded the failure standard for this carrier, this carrier 
would receive an SFD of proposed unfit.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JA16.011

5. Appendix B Violation Severity Tables

    These tables provide cross-references to the violations used in 
the BASICs. The descriptions of the violations here are for 
convenience only and have no legal effect. The actual legal 
prohibitions and requirements are set forth in and controlled by the 
language of the violations in each section of title 49 of the CFR 
cross-referenced herein.
    The Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) North American 
Standard Inspection Levels I, II, IV, V, and VI would be considered 
compatible with these requirements.

                                    Table 1--Unsafe Driving BASIC Violations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Violation description shown on
                                    driver/vehicle examination report                                 Violation
          49 CFR Section                given to CMV driver after       Violation group description    severity
                                                inspection                                              weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
177.800(d)........................  Unnecessary delay in HM            HM Related..................            1
                                     transportation to destination.
177.804(b)........................  Failure to comply with 49 CFR      Texting.....................           10
                                     392.80--Texting while Operating
                                     a CMV--Placardable HM.
177.804(c)........................  Fail to comply with 392.82--Using  Phone Call..................           10
                                     Mobile Phone while Operating a
                                     CMV--HM.
392.2.............................  Failure to obey traffic control    Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     device (392.2C).
392.2.............................  Headlamps--Failing to dim when     Misc Violations.............            3
                                     required (392.2DH).
392.2.............................  Following too close (392.2FC)....  Dangerous Driving...........            5
392.2.............................  Improper lane change (392.2LC)...  Dangerous Driving...........            5
392.2.............................  Lane Restriction violation         Misc Violations.............            3
                                     (392.2LV).
392.2.............................  Improper passing (392.2P)........  Dangerous Driving...........            5
392.2.............................  Unlawfully parking and/or leaving  Other Driver Violations.....            1
                                     vehicle in the roadway (392.2PK).
392.2.............................  Reckless driving (392.2R)........  Reckless Driving............           10
392.2.............................  Railroad Grade Crossing violation  Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     (392.2RR).
392.2.............................  Speeding (392.2S)................  Speeding Related............            1
392.2.............................  State/Local Laws--Speeding 6-10    Speeding 2..................            4
                                     miles per hour over the speed
                                     limit (392.2-SLLS2).
392.2.............................  State/Local Laws--Speeding 11-14   Speeding 3..................            7
                                     miles per hour over the speed
                                     limit (392.2-SLLS3).
392.2.............................  State/Local Laws--Speeding 15 or   Speeding 4..................           10
                                     more miles per hour over the
                                     speed limit (392.2-SLLS4).
392.2.............................  State/Local Laws--Speeding work/   Speeding 4..................           10
                                     construction zone (392.2-SLLSWZ).
392.2.............................  State/Local Laws--Operating a CMV  Texting.....................           10
                                     while texting (392.2-SLLT).
392.2.............................  Improper turns (392.2T)..........  Dangerous Driving...........            5
392.2.............................  Failure to yield right of way      Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     (392.2Y).
392.6.............................  Scheduling run to necessitate      Speeding Related............            5
                                     speeding.
392.10(a)(1)......................  Failing to stop at railroad        Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     crossing--bus.

[[Page 3618]]

 
392.10(a)(2)......................  Failing to stop at railroad        Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     crossing--chlorine.
392.10(a)(3)......................  Failing to stop at railroad        Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     crossing--placard.
392.10(a)(4)......................  Failing to stop at railroad        Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     crossing--Cargo Tank.
392.14............................  Failed to use caution for          Dangerous Driving...........            5
                                     hazardous condition.
392.16............................  Failing to use seat belt while     Seat Belt...................            7
                                     operating CMV.
392.22(a).........................  Failing to use hazard warning      Other Driver Violations.....            1
                                     flashers.
392.60(a).........................  Unauthorized passenger on board    Other Driver Violations.....            1
                                     CMV.
392.62............................  Unsafe bus operations............  Other Driver Violations.....            1
392.62(a).........................  Bus--Standees forward of the       Other Driver Violations.....            1
                                     standee line.
392.71(a).........................  Using or equipping a CMV with      Speeding Related............            5
                                     radar detector.
392.80(a).........................  Driving a CMV while Texting......  Texting.....................           10
392.80(a).........................  Driving a CMV while Texting        Texting.....................           10
                                     (390.17DT).
392.82(a)(1)......................  Using a hand-held mobile           Phone Call..................           10
                                     telephone while operating a CMV.
392.82(a)(2)......................  Allowing or requiring driver to    Phone Call..................           10
                                     use a hand-held mobile telephone
                                     while operating a CMV.
397.3.............................  State/local laws ordinances        HM Related..................            1
                                     regulations.
397.13............................  Smoking within 25 feet of HM       HM Related..................            1
                                     vehicle.
398.4.............................  Driving a vehicle to transport     Other Driver Violations.....            1
                                     migrant workers in noncompliance
                                     with part 398.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                    Table 2--HOS Compliance BASIC Violations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Violation description shown on
                                    driver/vehicle examination report                                 Violation
          49 CFR Section                given to CMV driver after       Violation group description    severity
                                                inspection                                              weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
392.2.............................  State/Local Hours-of-Service       Hours.......................            7
                                     (392.2H).
392.3.............................  Operating a CMV while ill/         Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued           10
                                     fatigued.
392.3.............................  Fatigue--Operate a passenger-      Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued           10
                                     carrying CMV while impaired by
                                     fatigue. (392.3-FPASS).
392.3.............................  Fatigue--Operate a property-       Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued           10
                                     carrying CMV while impaired by
                                     fatigue. (392.3-FPROP).
392.3.............................  Illness--Operate a CMV while       Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued           10
                                     impaired by illness or other
                                     cause. (392.3-I).
395.1(h)(1).......................  15, 20, 70/80 HOS violations       Hours.......................            7
                                     (Alaska-Property).
395.1(h)(2).......................  15, 20, 70/80 HOS violations       Hours.......................            7
                                     (Alaska-Passenger).
395.1(h)(3).......................  Adverse driving conditions         Hours.......................            7
                                     violations (Alaska).
395.1(o)..........................  16 hour rule violation (Property)  Hours.......................            7
395.3(a)(1).......................  Requiring or permitting driver to  Hours.......................            7
                                     drive more than 11 hours.
395.3.............................  11 hour rule violation (Property)  Hours.......................            7
                                     (395.3A1R).
395.3(a)(2).......................  Requiring or permitting driver to  Hours.......................            7
                                     drive after 14 hours on duty.
395.3.............................  14 hour rule violation (Property)  Hours.......................            7
                                     (395.3A2R).
395.3.............................  Driving beyond 14 hour duty        Hours.......................            7
                                     period (Property carrying
                                     vehicle) (395.3A2-PROP).
395.3.............................  Driving beyond 11 hour driving     Hours.......................            7
                                     limit in a 14 hour period.
                                     (Property Carrying Vehicle)
                                     (395.3A3-PROP).
395.3(a)(3)(ii)...................  Driving beyond 8 hour limit since  Hours.......................            7
                                     the end of the last off duty or
                                     sleeper period of at least 30
                                     minutes.
395.3(b)..........................  60/70--hour rule violation.......  Hours.......................            7
395.3(b)(1).......................  Driving after 60 hours on duty in  Hours.......................            7
                                     a 7 day period. (Property
                                     carrying vehicle) (395.3B1-PROP).
395.3(b)(2).......................  Driving after 70 hours on duty in  Hours.......................            7
                                     a 8 day period. (Property
                                     carrying vehicle)(395.3B2).
395.3(b)..........................  60/70--hour rule violation         Hours.......................            7
                                     (Property) (395.3BR).
395.3(c)..........................  34-hour restart violation          Hours.......................            7
                                     (Property).
395.5(a)(1).......................  10-hour rule violation             Hours.......................            7
                                     (Passenger).
395.5(a)(1).......................  Driving after 10 hour driving      Hours.......................            7
                                     limit (Passenger carrying
                                     vehicle) (395.5A1-PASS).
395.5(a)(2).......................  15--hour rule violation            Hours.......................            7
                                     (Passenger).
395.5(a)(2).......................  Driving after 15 hours on duty     Hours.......................            7
                                     (Passenger carrying vehicle)
                                     (395.5A2-PASS).
395.5(b)..........................  60/70--hour rule violation         Hours.......................            7
                                     (Passenger).
395.5(b)(1).......................  Driving after 60 hours on duty in  Hours.......................            7
                                     a 7 day period. (Passenger
                                     carrying vehicle) (395.5B1-PASS).
395.5(b)(2).......................  Driving after 70 hours on duty in  Hours.......................            7
                                     a 8 day period. (Passenger
                                     carrying vehicle) (395.5B2-PASS).
395.8.............................  Driver's record of Duty Status     Other Log/Form & Manner.....            1
                                     (general/form and manner).
395.8(a)..........................  No driver's record of duty status  Incomplete/Wrong Log........            5
395.8(e)..........................  False report of driver's record    False Log...................            7
                                     of duty status.
395.8(f)(1).......................  Driver's record of duty status     Incomplete/Wrong Log........            5
                                     not current.

[[Page 3619]]

 
395.8(k)(2).......................  Driver failing to retain previous  Incomplete/Wrong Log........            5
                                     7 days' logs.
395.13(d).........................  Driving after being declared out-  Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued           10
                                     of-service.
395.15(b).........................  Onboard recording device           Incomplete/Wrong Log........            5
                                     information requirements not met.
395.15(c).........................  Onboard recording device improper  Other Log/Form & Manner.....            1
                                     form and manner.
395.15(f).........................  Onboard recording device failure   Incomplete/Wrong Log........            5
                                     and driver failure to
                                     reconstruct duty status.
395.15(g).........................  On-board recording device          EOBR Related................            1
                                     information not available.
395.15(i)(5)......................  Onboard recording device does not  Other Log/Form & Manner.....            1
                                     display required information.
398.6.............................  Violation of HOS regulations--     Hours.......................            7
                                     migrant workers.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                    Table 3--Driver Fitness BASIC Violations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Violation description shown on
                                    driver/vehicle examination report                                 Violation
          49 CFR  Section               given to CMV driver after      Violation group  description    severity
                                                inspection                                              weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
177.816...........................  Driver training requirements.....  General Driver Qualification            4
383.21............................  Operating a CMV with more than     License-related: High.......            8
                                     one driver's license.
383.21(a).........................  Operating a CMV with more than     License-related: High.......            8
                                     one driver's license.
383.23(a)(2)......................  Operating a CMV without a CDL....  License-related: High.......            8
383.25(a).........................  Operating on learner's permit      License-related: High.......            8
                                     without CDL holder (383.23(c)).
383.25(a)(1)......................  Operating on learner's permit      License-related: High.......            8
                                     without CDL holder
                                     (383.23(c)(1)).
383.25(a)(2)......................  Operating on learner's permit      License-related: High.......            8
                                     without valid driver's license
                                     (383.23(c)(2)).
383.51(a).........................  Driving a CMV (CDL) while          License-related: High.......            8
                                     disqualified.
383.51(a).........................  Driving a CMV while CDL is         License-related: Medium.....            5
                                     suspended for a non-safety-
                                     related reason and in the state
                                     of driver's license issuance.
                                     (383.51A-NSIN).
383.51(a).........................  Driving a CMV while CDL is         License-related: Low........            1
                                     suspended for a non-safety-
                                     related reason and outside the
                                     state of driver's license
                                     issuance (383.51A-NSOUT).
383.51(a)A........................  Driving a CMV while CDL is         License-related: High.......            8
                                     suspended for a safety-related
                                     or unknown reason and in the
                                     state of driver's license
                                     issuance. (383.51A-SIN).
383.51(a).........................  Driving a CMV while CDL is         License-related: Medium.....            5
                                     suspended for safety-related or
                                     unknown reason and outside the
                                     driver's license state of
                                     issuance. (383.51A-SOUT).
383.91(a).........................  Operating a CMV with improper CDL  License-related: High.......            8
                                     group.
383.93(b)(1)......................  No double/triple trailer           License-related: High.......            8
                                     endorsement on CDL.
383.93(b)(2)......................  No passenger vehicle endorsement   License-related: High.......            8
                                     on CDL.
383.93(b)(3)......................  No tank vehicle endorsement on     License-related: High.......            8
                                     CDL.
383.93(b)(4)......................  No HM endorsement on CDL.........  License-related: High.......            8
383.93(b)(5)......................  No school bus endorsement on CDL.  License-related: High.......            8
383.93(b)(5)......................  License (CDL)--Operating a school  License-related: High.......            8
                                     bus without a school bus
                                     endorsement as described in
                                     383.93(b)(5) (383.93B5LCDL).
383.95(a).........................  Violating airbrake restriction...  License-related: High.......            8
386.72(b).........................  Failing to comply with Imminent    Fitness/Jumping OOS.........           10
                                     Hazard OOS Order.
391.11............................  Unqualified driver...............  License-related: High.......            8
391.11(b)(1)......................  Interstate driver under 21 years   General Driver Qualification            4
                                     of age.
391.11(b)(4)......................  Driver lacking physical            Physical....................            2
                                     qualification(s).
391.11(b)(5)......................  Driver lacking valid license for   License-related: High.......            8
                                     type vehicle being operated.
391.11(b)(5)......................  Driver operating a CMV without     License-related: High.......            8
                                     proper endorsements or in
                                     violation of restrictions.
                                     (391.11B5-DEN).
391.11(b)(5)......................  Driver does not have a valid       License-related: High.......            8
                                     operator's license for the CMV
                                     being operated. (391.11B5-DNL).
391.11(b)(7)......................  Driver disqualified from           License-related: High.......            8
                                     operating CMV.
391.15(a).........................  Driving a CMV while disqualified.  License-related: High.......            8
391.15(a).........................  Driving a CMV while disqualified.  License-related: Medium.....            5
                                     Suspended for non-safety-related
                                     reason and in the state of
                                     driver's license issuance.
                                     (391.15A-NSIN).
391.15(a).........................  Driving a CMV while disqualified.  License-related: Low........            1
                                     Suspended for a non-safety-
                                     related reason and outside the
                                     state of driver's license
                                     issuance (391.15A-NSOUT)..
391.15(a).........................  Driving a CMV while disqualified.  License-related: High.......            8
                                     Suspended for safety-related or
                                     unknown reason and in the state
                                     of driver's license issuance.
                                     (391.15A-SIN).
391.15(a).........................  Driving a CMV while disqualified.  License-related: Medium.....            5
                                     Suspended for a safety-related
                                     or unknown reason and outside
                                     the driver's license state of
                                     issuance. (391.15A-SOUT).
391.41(a).........................  Driver not in possession of        Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     medical certificate.
391.41(a).........................  Operating a property-carrying      Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     vehicle without possessing a
                                     valid medical certificate
                                     (391.41A-F)..

[[Page 3620]]

 
391.41(a).........................  Operating a property-carrying      Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     vehicle without possessing a
                                     valid medical certificate.
                                     Previously Cited (391.41A-FPC).
391.41(a).........................  Operating a passenger-carrying     Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     vehicle without possessing a
                                     valid medical certificate.
                                     (391.41A-P).
391.43(h).........................  Improper medical examiner's        Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     certificate form.
391.45(b).........................  Expired medical examiner's         Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     certificate.
391.49(j).........................  No valid medical waiver in         Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     driver's possession.
398.3(b)..........................  Driver not physically qualified..  Physical....................            2
398.3(b)(8).......................  No doctor's certificate in         Medical Certificate.........            1
                                     possession.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                  Table 4--Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Violation description shown on
                                    driver/vehicle examination report                                 Violation
          49 CFR Section                given to CMV driver after       Violation group description    severity
                                                inspection                                              weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
385.103(c)........................  Fail to display current CVSA       Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     decal--Provisional Authority.
392.2.............................  Wheel (Mud) Flaps missing or       Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     defective (392.2WC).
392.7.............................  No pre-trip inspection...........  Inspection Reports..........            4
392.7(a)..........................  Driver failing to conduct pre-     Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     trip inspection.
392.7(b)..........................  Driver failing to conduct a pre-   Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     trip inspection of intermodal
                                     equipment.
392.8.............................  Failing to inspect/use emergency   Emergency Equipment.........            2
                                     equipment.
392.9.............................  Failing to secure load...........  General Securement..........            1
392.9(a)..........................  Failing to secure load...........  General Securement..........            1
392.9(a)(1).......................  Failing to secure cargo..........  General Securement..........            1
392.9(a)(2).......................  Failing to secure vehicle          General Securement..........            1
                                     equipment.
392.9(a)(3).......................  Driver's view/movement is          General Securement..........            1
                                     obstructed.
392.22(b).........................  Failing/improper placement of      Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     warning devices.
392.33............................  Operating CMV with lamps/          Lighting....................            6
                                     reflectors obscured.
392.62(c)(1)......................  Bus--baggage/freight restricts     General Securement..........            1
                                     driver operation.
392.62(c)(2)......................  Bus--Exit(s) obstructed by         General Securement..........            1
                                     baggage/freight.
392.62(c)(3)......................  Passengers not protected from      General Securement..........            1
                                     falling baggage.
392.63............................  Pushing/towing a loaded bus......  Towing Loaded Bus...........           10
393.9.............................  Inoperative required lamps.......  Clearance Identification                2
                                                                        Lamps/Other.
393.9.............................  Inoperative head lamps (393.9H)..  Lighting....................            6
393.9.............................  Inoperative tail lamp (393.9T)...  Lighting....................            6
393.9.............................  Inoperative turn signal (393.9TS)  Lighting....................            6
393.9(a)..........................  Inoperative required lamps.......  Clearance Identification                2
                                                                        Lamps/Other.
393.11............................  No/defective lighting devices/     Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     reflective devices/projected.
393.11............................  Lower retroreflective sheeting/    Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     reflex reflectors--Trailer
                                     manufactured on or after 12/1/
                                     1993 (393.11LR).
393.11............................  No retroreflective sheeting/       Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     reflex reflectors--Trailer
                                     manufactured on or after 12/1/
                                     1993 (393.11N).
393.11............................  Retroreflective sheeting not       Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     affixed as required--Trailer
                                     manufactured on or after 12/1/
                                     1993 (393.11RT).
393.11............................  No side retroreflective sheeting/  Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     reflex reflectors--Trailer
                                     manufactured on or after 12/1/
                                     1993 (393.11S).
393.11............................  No retro reflective sheeting or    Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     reflex reflectors on mud flaps--
                                     Truck Tractor manufactured on or
                                     after 7/1/1997 (393.11TL).
393.11............................  No retroreflective sheeting/       Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     reflex reflectors--Truck Tractor
                                     manufactured on or after 7/1/
                                     1997 (393.11TT).
393.11............................  No upper body corners              Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     retroreflective sheeting/reflex
                                     reflectors--Truck Tractor
                                     manufactured on or after 7/1/
                                     1997 (393.11TU).
393.11............................  No upper reflex reflectors         Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     retroreflective sheeting/reflex
                                     reflectors--Trailer manufactured
                                     on or after 12/1/1993 (393.11UR).
393.13(a).........................  Retroreflective tape not affixed   Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     as required for Trailers
                                     manufactured after 12/1/1993.
393.13(b).........................  No retroreflective sheeting or     Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     reflex reflective material as
                                     required for vehicles
                                     manufactured on or after 12/1/
                                     1993.
393.13(c)(1)......................  No side retroreflective sheeting   Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     or reflex reflective material as
                                     required for vehicles
                                     manufactured before 12/1/1993.
393.13(c)(2)......................  No lower rear retroreflective      Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     sheeting or reflex reflective
                                     material as required for
                                     vehicles manufactured before 12/
                                     1/1993.
393.13(c)(3)......................  No upper rear retroreflective      Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     sheeting or reflex reflective
                                     material as required for
                                     vehicles manufactured before 12/
                                     1/1993.
393.13(d)(1)......................  Improper side placement of         Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     retroreflective sheeting or
                                     reflex reflective material as
                                     required for vehicles
                                     manufactured on or after 12/1/
                                     1993.

[[Page 3621]]

 
393.13(d)(2)......................  Improper lower rear placement of   Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     retroreflective sheeting or
                                     reflex reflective material
                                     requirements for vehicles
                                     manufactured before 12/1/1993.
393.13(d)(3)......................  Upper rear retroreflective         Reflective Sheeting.........            3
                                     sheeting or reflex reflective
                                     material as required for
                                     vehicles manufactured on or
                                     after 12/1/1993.
393.17............................  No/defective lamp/reflector-tow-   Lighting....................            6
                                     away operation.
393.17(a).........................  No/defective lamps-towing unit-    Lighting....................            6
                                     tow-away operation.
393.17(b).........................  No/defective tow-away lamps on     Lighting....................            6
                                     rear unit.
393.19............................  Inoperative/defective hazard       Lighting....................            6
                                     warning lamp.
393.23............................  Required lamp not powered by       Clearance Identification                2
                                     vehicle electricity.               Lamps/Other.
393.24(a).........................  Noncompliance with headlamp        Lighting....................            6
                                     requirements.
393.24(b).........................  Noncompliant fog/driving lamps...  Lighting....................            6
393.24(b).........................  Noncompliant fog or driving lamps  Lighting....................            6
                                     (393.24BR).
393.24(c).........................  Improper headlamp mounting.......  Lighting....................            6
393.24(d).........................  Improper head/auxiliary/fog lamp   Lighting....................            6
                                     aiming.
393.25(a).........................  Improper lamp mounting...........  Lighting....................            6
393.25(b).........................  Lamps are not visible as required  Lighting....................            6
393.25(e).........................  Lamp not steady burning..........  Lighting....................            6
393.25(f).........................  Stop lamp violations.............  Lighting....................            6
393.26............................  Requirements for reflectors......  Reflective Sheeting.........            3
393.28............................  Improper or no wiring protection   Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     as required.
393.30............................  Improper battery installation....  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
393.40............................  Inadequate brake system on a CMV.  Brakes, All Others..........            4
393.41............................  No or defective parking brake      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     system on CMV.
393.42............................  No brakes as required............  Brakes, All Others..........            4
393.42(a).........................  Brake--Missing required brake.     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     (393.42A-BM).
393.42(a).........................  Brake--All wheels not equipped     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     with brakes as required.
                                     (393.42A-BMAW).
393.42(a).........................  Brake--Missing on a trailer        Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     steering axle. (393.42A-BM-TSA).
393.43............................  No/improper breakaway or           Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     emergency braking.
393.43(a).........................  No/improper tractor protection     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     valve.
393.43(d).........................  No or defective automatic trailer  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     brake.
393.44............................  No/defective bus front brake line  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     protection.
393.45............................  Brake tubing and hose adequacy...  Brakes, All Others..........            4
393.45............................  Brake Tubing and Hose Adequacy--   Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Connections to Power Unit
                                     (393.45PC).
393.45............................  Brake Tubing and Hose Adequacy     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Under Vehicle (393.45UV).
393.45(b)(2)......................  Failing to secure brake hose/      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     tubing against mechanical damage
                                     (393.45(a)(4)).
393.45(b)(2)......................  Failing to secure brake hose/      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     tubing against mechanical damage.
393.45(b)(2)......................  Brake Hose or Tubing Chafing and/  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     or Kinking--Connection to Power
                                     Unit (393.45B2PC).
393.45(b)(2)......................  Brake Hose or Tubing Chafing and/  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     or Kinking Under Vehicle
                                     (393.45B2UV).
393.45(b)(3)......................  Failing to secure brake hose/      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     tubing against high temperatures.
393.45(d).........................  Brake connections with leaks/      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     constrictions.
393.45(d).........................  Brake Connections with             Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Constrictions--Connection to
                                     Power Unit (393.45DCPC).
393.45(d).........................  Brake Connections with             Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Constrictions Under Vehicle
                                     (393.45DCUV).
393.45(d).........................  Brake Connections with Leaks--     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Connection to Power Unit
                                     (393.45DLPC).
393.45(d).........................  Brake Connections with Leaks       Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Under Vehicle (393.45DLUV).
393.47............................  Inadequate/contaminated brake      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     linings.
393.47(a).........................  Inadequate brakes for safe         Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     stopping.
393.47(b).........................  Mismatched brake chambers on same  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     axle.
393.47(c).........................  Mismatched slack adjuster          Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     effective length.
393.47(d).........................  Insufficient brake linings.......  Brakes, All Others..........            4
393.47(e).........................  Clamp/Roto-Chamber type brake(s)   Brakes Out of Adjustment....            4
                                     out of adjustment.
393.47(f).........................  Wedge type brake(s) out of         Brakes Out of Adjustment....            4
                                     adjustment.
393.47(g).........................  Insufficient drum/rotor thickness  Brakes, All Others..........            4
393.48(a).........................  Inoperative/defective brakes.....  Brakes, All Others..........            4
393.48(a).........................  Brakes--Hydraulic Brake Caliper    Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     movement exceeds 1/8'' (0.125'')
                                     (3.175 mm) (393.48A-BCM).
393.48(a).........................  Brakes--Missing or Broken          Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Components (393.48A-BMBC).
393.48(a).........................  Brakes--Rotor (disc) metal-to-     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     metal contact (393.48A-BRMMC).
393.48(a).........................  Brakes--Severe rusting of brake    Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     rotor (disc) (393.48A-BSRFS).
393.48(b)(1)......................  Defective brake limiting device..  Brakes, All Others..........            4
393.50............................  Inadequate reservoir for air/      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     vacuum brakes.
393.50(a).........................  Failing to have sufficient air/    Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     vacuum reserve.

[[Page 3622]]

 
393.50(b).........................  Failing to equip vehicle--prevent  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     reservoir air/vacuum leak.
393.50(c).........................  No means to ensure operable check  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     valve.
393.50(d).........................  No or defective air reservoir      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     drain valve.
393.51............................  No or defective brake warning      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     device.
393.52(a)(1)......................  Insufficient braking force as      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     percent of GVW or GCW.
393.53(a).........................  Automatic brake adjuster CMV       Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     manufactured on or after 10/20/
                                     1993--hydraulic brake.
393.53(b).........................  Automatic brake adjuster CMV       Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     manufactured on or after 10/20/
                                     1994--air brake.
393.53(c).........................  Brake adjustment indicator CMV     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     manufactured on or after 10/20/
                                     1994--external automatic
                                     adjustment.
393.55(a).........................  ABS--all CMVs manufactured on or   Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     after 3/1/1999 with hydraulic
                                     brakes.
393.55(b).........................  ABS--malfunction indicators for    Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     hydraulic brake system.
393.55(c)(1)......................  ABS--all tractors manufactured on  Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     or after 3/1/1997 air brake
                                     system.
393.55(c)(2)......................  ABS--all other CMVs manufactured   Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     on or after 3/1/1998 air brake
                                     system.
393.55(d)(1)......................  ABS--malfunctioning circuit/       Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     signal--truck tractor
                                     manufactured on or after 3/1/
                                     1997, single-unit CMV
                                     manufactured on or after 3/1/
                                     1998.
393.55(d)(2)......................  ABS--malfunctioning indicator to   Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     cab of towing CMV manufactured
                                     on or after 3/1/2001.
393.55(d)(3)......................  No or Defective ABS Malfunction    Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     Indicator for towed vehicles on
                                     vehicles manufactured after
                                     February 2001.
393.55(e).........................  ABS--malfunctioning lamps towed    Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     CMV manufactured on or after 3/1/
                                     1998.
393.60............................  Windshield--Obstructed             Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     (393.60EWS).
393.60(b).........................  Windshields required.............  Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
393.60(c).........................  Damaged or discolored windshield.  Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
393.60(d).........................  Glazing permits less than 70       Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     percent of light.
393.61............................  Inadequate or missing truck side   Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     windows.
393.61............................  Inadequate or missing truck side   Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     windows (393.61(a)).
393.62(a).........................  No or defective bus emergency      Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     exits--Bus manufactured on or
                                     after 9/1/1994.
393.62(b).........................  No or defective bus emergency      Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     exits--Bus manufactured on or
                                     after 9/1/1973 but before 9/1/
                                     1994.
393.62(c).........................  No or defective bus emergency      Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     exit windows--Bus manufactured
                                     before 9/1/1973.
393.62(d).........................  No/defective Safety glass/push-    Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     out window--Bus manufactured
                                     before 9/1/1973.
393.62(e).........................  No or inadequate bus emergency     Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     exit marking--Bus manufactured
                                     on or after 9/1/1973.
393.65............................  Fuel system requirements.........  Fuel Systems................            1
393.65(b).........................  Improper location of fuel system.  Fuel Systems................            1
393.65(c).........................  Improper securement of fuel tank.  Fuel Systems................            1
393.65(f).........................  Improper fuel line protection....  Fuel Systems................            1
393.67............................  Fuel tank requirement violations.  Fuel Systems................            1
393.67(c)(7)......................  Fuel tank fill pipe cap missing..  Fuel Systems................            1
393.67(c)(8)......................  Improper fuel tank safety vent...  Fuel Systems................            1
393.68............................  Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     container does not conform to
                                     regulations.
393.70............................  Fifth wheel......................  Coupling Devices............            3
393.70(a).........................  Defective coupling device--        Coupling Devices............            3
                                     improper tracking.
393.70(b).........................  Defective/improper fifth wheel     Coupling Devices............            3
                                     assemblies.
393.70(b).........................  Defective/improper fifth wheel     Coupling Devices............            3
                                     assembly upper half (393.70B1II).
393.70(b)(2)......................  Defective fifth wheel locking      Coupling Devices............            3
                                     mechanism.
393.70(c).........................  Defective coupling devices for     Coupling Devices............            3
                                     full trailer.
393.70(d).........................  No/improper safety chains/cables   Coupling Devices............            3
                                     for full trailer.
393.70(d)(8)......................  Improper safety chain attachment.  Coupling Devices............            3
393.71............................  Improper coupling driveaway/tow-   Coupling Devices............            3
                                     away operation.
393.71(g).........................  Prohibited towing connection/      Coupling Devices............            3
                                     device.
393.71(h).........................  Towbar requirement violations....  Coupling Devices............            3
393.71(h)(10).....................  No/improper safety chains/cables   Coupling Devices............            3
                                     for towbar.
393.75............................  Tires/tubes (general)............  Tires.......................            8
393.75(a).........................  Flat tire or fabric exposed......  Tires.......................            8
393.75(a)(1)......................  Tire--ply or belt material         Tires.......................            8
                                     exposed.
393.75(a)(2)......................  Tire--tread and/or sidewall        Tires.......................            8
                                     separation.
393.75(a)(3)......................  Tire--flat and/or audible air      Tires.......................            8
                                     leak.
393.75(a)(4)......................  Tire--cut exposing ply and/or      Tires.......................            8
                                     belt material.
393.75(b).........................  Tire--front tread depth less than  Tires.......................            8
                                     \4/32\ of inch.
393.75(c).........................  Tire--other tread depth less than  Tires.......................            8
                                     \2/32\ of inch.

[[Page 3623]]

 
393.75(d).........................  Tire--bus regrooved/recap on       Tires.......................            8
                                     front wheel.
393.75(e).........................  Tire--regrooved on front wheel of  Tire vs. Load...............            3
                                     truck/truck-tractor.
393.75(f).........................  Tire--exceeding weight rating of   Tire vs. Load...............            3
                                     tire.
393.75(f).........................  Weight carried exceeds tire load   Tire vs. Load...............            3
                                     limit (393.75(f)(1)).
393.75(h)(1)......................  Tire underinflated (393.75(f)(2))  Tire vs. Load...............            3
393.75(h).........................  Tire underinflated...............  Tire vs. Load...............            3
393.76............................  Sleeper berth requirement          Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     violations.
393.77............................  Defective and/or prohibited        Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     heaters.
393.77(b)(11).....................  Bus heater fuel tank location....  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
393.77(b)(5)......................  Protection of operating controls   Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     from tampering.
393.78............................  Windshield wipers inoperative/     Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
                                     defective.
393.79............................  Defroster/Defogger inoperative...  Windshield/Glass/Markings...            1
393.80............................  Failing to equip vehicle with two  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     rear vision mirrors.
393.81............................  Horn inoperative.................  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
393.82............................  Speedometer inoperative/           Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     inadequate.
393.83(a).........................  Exhaust system location..........  Exhaust Discharge...........            1
393.83(b).........................  Exhaust discharge fuel tank/       Exhaust Discharge...........            1
                                     filler tube.
393.83(c).........................  Improper exhaust--bus (gasoline).  Exhaust Discharge...........            1
393.83(d).........................  Improper exhaust--bus (diesel)...  Exhaust Discharge...........            1
393.83(e).........................  Improper exhaust discharge (not    Exhaust Discharge...........            1
                                     rear of cab).
393.83(f).........................  Improper exhaust system repair     Exhaust Discharge...........            1
                                     (patch/wrap).
393.83(g).........................  Exhaust leak under truck cab and/  Exhaust Discharge...........            1
                                     or sleeper.
393.83(h).........................  Exhaust system not securely        Exhaust Discharge...........            1
                                     fastened.
393.84............................  Inadequate floor condition.......  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.86............................  No or improper rearend protection  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.86(a)(1)......................  Rear impact guards--all trailers/  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     semitrailers manufactured on or
                                     after 1/26/98.
393.86(a)(2)......................  Impact guard width--all trailers/  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     semitrailers manufactured on or
                                     after 1/26/98.
393.86(a)(3)......................  Impact guard height--all trailers/ Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     semitrailers manufactured on or
                                     after 1/26/98.
393.86(a)(4)......................  Impact guard rear--all trailers/   Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     semitrailers manufactured on or
                                     after 1/26/98.
393.86(a)(5)......................  Cross-sectional vertical height--  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     all trailers/semitrailers
                                     manufactured on or after 1/26/98.
393.86(b)(1)......................  Rear Impact Guards--motor          Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     vehicles manufactured after 12/
                                     31/52, see exceptions.
393.87............................  Warning flag required on           Warning Flags...............            1
                                     projecting load.
393.87(a).........................  Warning flag required on           Warning Flags...............            1
                                     projecting load.
393.87(b).........................  Improper warning flag placement..  Warning Flags...............            1
393.88............................  Improperly located television      Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     receiver.
393.89............................  Bus driveshaft not properly        Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     protected.
393.90............................  Bus--no or obscure standee line..  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.91............................  Bus--improper aisle seats........  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.93(a).........................  Bus--not equipped with seatbelt..  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.93(a)(3)......................  Seats not secured in conformance   Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     with FMVSS.
393.93(b).........................  Truck not equipped with seatbelt.  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.95(a).........................  No/discharged/unsecured fire       Emergency Equipment.........            2
                                     extinguisher.
393.95(a)(1)(i)...................  No/discharged/unsecured fire       Emergency Equipment.........            2
                                     extinguisher.
393.95(b).........................  No spare fuses as required.......  Emergency Equipment.........            2
393.95(b).........................  No spare fuses as required         Emergency Equipment.........            2
                                     (393.95(c)).
393.95(f).........................  No/insufficient warning devices..  Emergency Equipment.........            2
393.95(g).........................  HM--restricted emergency warning   Emergency Equipment.........            2
                                     device.
393.100...........................  Failure to prevent cargo shifting  General Securement..........            1
393.100(a)........................  Failure to prevent cargo shifting  General Securement..........            1
393.100(b)........................  Leaking/spilling/blowing/falling   Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     cargo.
393.100(c)........................  Failure to prevent cargo shifting  General Securement..........            1
393.102(a)........................  Improper securement system         Tiedown.....................            3
                                     (tiedown assemblies).
393.102(a)(1).....................  Insufficient means to prevent      Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     movement.
393.102(a)(1)(i)..................  Insufficient means to prevent      Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     forward movement.
393.102(a)(1)(ii).................  Insufficient means to prevent      Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     rearward movement.
393.102(a)(1)(iii)................  Insufficient means to prevent      Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     lateral movement.
393.102(a)(2).....................  Tiedown assembly with inadequate   Tiedown.....................            3
                                     working load limit.
393.102(b)........................  Insufficient means to prevent      Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     vertical movement.
393.102(c)........................  No equivalent means of securement  Improper Load Securement....            7
393.104(a)........................  Inadequate/damaged securement      Securement Device...........            1
                                     device/system.
393.104(b)........................  Damaged securement system/         Securement Device...........            1
                                     tiedowns.
393.104(c)........................  Damaged vehicle structures/anchor  Securement Device...........            1
                                     points.
393.104(d)........................  Damaged dunnage/bars/blocking-     Securement Device...........            1
                                     bracing.
393.104(f)(1).....................  Knotted tiedown..................  Tiedown.....................            3

[[Page 3624]]

 
393.104(f)(2).....................  Use of tiedown with improper       Tiedown.....................            3
                                     repair..
393.104(f)(3).....................  Loose/unfastened tiedown.........  Tiedown.....................            3
393.104(f)(4).....................  No edge protection for tiedowns..  Tiedown.....................            3
                                    (393.104F4R).....................
393.106(a)........................  No/improper front end structure/   Securement Device...........            1
                                     headerboard.
393.106(b)........................  Cargo not immobilized or secured.  Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
393.106(c)(1).....................  No means to prevent cargo from     Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     rolling.
393.106(c)(2).....................  Cargo without direct contact/      Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     prevention from shifting.
393.106(d)........................  Insufficient aggregate working     Tiedown.....................            3
                                     load limit.
393.110...........................  Failing to meet minimum tiedown    General Securement..........            1
                                     requirements.
393.110(b)........................  Insufficient tiedowns; without     Tiedown.....................            3
                                     headerboard/blocking.
393.110(c)........................  Insufficient tiedowns; with        Tiedown.....................            3
                                     headerboard/blocking.
393.110(d)........................  Large/odd-shaped cargo not         Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     adequately secured.
393.112...........................  Tiedown not adjustable by driver.  Securement Device...........            1
393.114...........................  No/improper front end structure..  General Securement..........            1
393.114(b)(1).....................  Insufficient height for front-end  Securement Device...........            1
                                     structure.
393.114(b)(2).....................  Insufficient width for front-end   Securement Device...........            1
                                     structure.
393.114(d)........................  Front-end structure with large     Securement Device...........            1
                                     opening(s).
393.116...........................  No/improper securement of logs...  General Securement..........            1
393.116(d)(1).....................  Short, over \1/3\ length past      Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     structure.
393.116(d)(2).....................  Short, insufficient/no tiedowns..  Improper Load Securement....            7
393.116(d)(3).....................  Short, tiedowns improperly         Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     positioned.
393.116(d)(4).....................  Short, no center stakes/high log   Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     not secured.
393.116(e)........................  Short, length; improper            Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     securement.
393.118...........................  No/improper lumber/building        General Securement..........            1
                                     materials. securement.
393.118(b)........................  Improper placement of bundles....  Improper Load Securement....            7
393.118(d)........................  Insufficient protection against    Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     lateral movement.
393.118(d)(3).....................  Insufficient/improper arrangement  Tiedown.....................            3
                                     of tiedowns.
393.120...........................  No/improper securement of metal    General Securement..........            1
                                     coils.
393.120(b)(1).....................  Coil/vertical improper securement  Improper Load Securement....            7
393.120(b)(2).....................  Coils, rows, eyes vertical--       Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     improper securement.
393.120(c)(1).....................  Coil/eye crosswise improper        Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     securement.
393.120(c)(2).....................  X-pattern on coil(s) with eyes     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     crosswise.
393.120(d)(1).....................  Coil with eye lengthwise-improper  Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     securement.
393.120(d)(4).....................  Coils, rows, eyes length--         Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     improper securement..
393.120(e)........................  No protection against shifting/    Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     tipping.
393.122...........................  No/improper securement of paper    General Securement..........            1
                                     rolls.
393.122(b)........................  Rolls vertical--improper           Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     securement.
393.122(c)........................  Rolls vertical/split--improper     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     securement.
393.122(d)........................  Rolls vertical/stacked--improper   Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     securement.
393.122(e)........................  Rolls crosswise--improper          Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     securement.
393.122(f)........................  Rolls crosswise/stacked load--     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     improperly secured.
393.122(g)........................  Rolls length--improper securement  Improper Load Securement....            7
393.122(h)........................  Rolls lengthwise/stacked--         Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     improper securement.
393.122(i)........................  Improper securement--rolls on      Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     flatbed/curtain-sided vehicle.
393.124...........................  No/improper securement of          General Securement..........            1
                                     concrete pipe.
393.124(b)........................  Insufficient working load limit--  Tiedown.....................            3
                                     concrete pipes.
393.124(c)........................  Improper blocking of concrete      Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     pipe.
393.124(d)........................  Improper arrangement of concrete   Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     pipe.
393.124(e)........................  Improper securement, up to 45 in.  Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     diameter.
393.124(f)........................  Improper securement, greater than  Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     45 inch diameter.
393.126...........................  Fail to ensure intermodal          General Securement..........            1
                                     container secured.
393.126(b)........................  Damaged/missing tiedown/           Securement Device...........            1
                                     securement device.
393.126(c)(1).....................  Lower corners of container not on  Securement Device...........            1
                                     vehicle/structure.
393.126(c)(2).....................  All corners of chassis not         Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     secured.
393.126(c)(3).....................  Front and rear of container not    Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     secured independently.
393.126(d)(1).....................  Empty container not properly       Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     positioned.
393.126(d)(2).....................  Empty container, more than 5 foot  Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     overhang.
393.126(d)(4).....................  Empty container--not properly      Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     secured.
393.128...........................  No/improper securement of          General Securement..........            1
                                     vehicles.
393.128(b)(1).....................  Vehicle not secured--front and     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     rear.
393.128(b)(2).....................  Tiedown(s) not affixed to          Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     mounting points.
393.128(b)(3).....................  Tiedown(s) not over/around wheels  Improper Load Securement....            7
393.130...........................  No/improper heavy vehicle/         General Securement..........            1
                                     machinery securement.
393.130(b)........................  Item not properly prepared for     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     transport.
393.130(c)........................  Improper restraint/securement of   Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     item.
393.132...........................  No/improper securement of crushed  General Securement..........            1
                                     vehicles.
393.132(b)........................  Prohibited use of synthetic        Securement Device...........            1
                                     webbing.
393.132(c)........................  Insufficient tiedowns per stack    Tiedown.....................            3
                                     cars.
393.132(c)(5).....................  Insufficient means to retain       Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     loose parts.

[[Page 3625]]

 
393.134...........................  No/improper securement of roll/    General Securement..........            1
                                     hook container.
393.134(b)(1).....................  No blocking against forward        Failure to Prevent Movement.            3
                                     movement.
393.134(b)(2).....................  Container not secured to front of  Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     vehicle.
393.134(b)(3).....................  Rear of container not properly     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     secured.
393.136...........................  No/improper securement of large    General Securement..........            1
                                     boulders.
393.136(b)........................  Improper placement/positioning of  Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     boulder.
393.136(c)(1).....................  Boulder not secured with chain...  Improper Load Securement....            7
393.136(d)........................  Improper securement--cubic         Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     boulder.
393.136(e)........................  Improper securement--non-cubic     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     boulder with stable base.
393.136(f)........................  Improper securement--non-cubic     Improper Load Securement....            7
                                     boulder with unstable base.
393.201(a)........................  Frame cracked/loose/sagging/       Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     broken.
393.201(b)........................  Bolts securing cab broken/loose/   Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     missing.
393.201(c)........................  Frame rail flange improperly bent/ Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     cut/notched.
393.201(d)........................  Frame accessories improperly       Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     attached.
393.201(e)........................  Prohibited holes drilled in frame  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     rail flange.
393.203...........................  Cab/body parts requirements        Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     violations.
393.203(a)........................  Cab door missing/broken..........  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.203(b)........................  Cab/body improperly secured to     Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     frame.
393.203(c)........................  Hood not securely fastened.......  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.203(d)........................  Cab seats not securely mounted...  Cab, Body, Frame............            2
393.203(e)........................  Cab front bumper missing/          Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     unsecured/protruding.
393.205(a)........................  Wheel/rim cracked or broken......  Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
393.205(b)........................  Stud/bolt holes elongated on       Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     wheels.
393.205(c)........................  Wheel fasteners loose and/or       Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     missing.
393.207(a)........................  Axle positioning parts defective/  Suspension..................            7
                                     missing.
393.207(b)........................  Adjustable axle locking pin        Suspension..................            7
                                     missing/disengaged.
393.207(c)........................  Leaf spring assembly defective/    Suspension..................            7
                                     missing.
393.207(d)........................  Coil spring cracked and/or broken  Suspension..................            7
393.207(e)........................  Torsion bar cracked and/or broken  Suspension..................            7
393.207(f)........................  Air suspension pressure loss.....  Suspension..................            7
393.207(g)........................  No/defective air suspension        Suspension..................            7
                                     exhaust control.
393.209(a)........................  Steering wheel not secured/broken  Steering Mechanism..........            6
393.209(b)........................  Excessive steering wheel lash....  Steering Mechanism..........            6
393.209(c)........................  Loose steering column............  Steering Mechanism..........            6
393.209(d)........................  Steering system components worn/   Steering Mechanism..........            6
                                     welded/missing.
393.209(e)........................  Power steering violations........  Steering Mechanism..........            6
396.1.............................  Must have knowledge of and comply  Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     with regulations.
396.3(a)(1).......................  Inspection/repair and maintenance  Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     parts and accessories.
396.3(a)(1).......................  Brakes (general) (396.3A1B)......  Brakes, All Others..........            4
396.3(a)(1).......................  Brake out of adjustment            Brakes Out of Adjustment....            4
                                     (396.3A1BA).
396.3(a)(1).......................  Brake-air compressor violation     Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     (396.3A1BC).
396.3(a)(1).......................  Brake-defective brake drum         Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     (396.3A1BD).
396.3(a)(1).......................  Brake-reserve system pressure      Brakes, All Others..........            4
                                     loss (396.3A1BL).
396.3(a)(1).......................  Tires (general) (396.3A1T).......  Tires.......................            8
396.5.............................  Excessive oil leaks..............  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
396.5(a)..........................  Failing to ensure that vehicle is  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     properly lubricated.
396.5(a)..........................  Hubs--No visible or measurable     Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     lubricant showing in the hub--
                                     inner wheel (396.5A-HNLIW).
396.5(a)..........................  Hubs--No visible or measurable     Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     lubricant showing in the hub--
                                     outer wheel (396.5A-HNLOW).
396.5(b)..........................  Oil and/or grease leak...........  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
396.5(b)..........................  Hubs--Oil and/or Grease Leaking    Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     from hub--inner wheel (396.5B-
                                     HLIW).
396.5(b)..........................  Hubs--oil and/or Grease Leaking    Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     from hub--outer wheel (396.5B-
                                     HLOW).
396.5(b)..........................  Hubs--Wheel seal leaking--inner    Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     wheel (396.5B-HWSLIW).
396.5(b)..........................  Hubs--Wheel seal leaking--outer    Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc..            2
                                     wheel (396.5B-HWSLOW).
396.7.............................  Unsafe operations forbidden......  Other Vehicle Defect........            3
396.9(c)(2).......................  Operating an OOS vehicle.........  Vehicle Jumping OOS.........           10
396.9(d)(2).......................  Failure to correct defects noted   Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     on inspection report.
396.11............................  No or inadequate driver vehicle    Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     inspection report.
396.13(c).........................  No reviewing driver's signature    Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     on Driver Vehicle Inspection
                                     Report (DVIR).
396.17(c).........................  Operating a CMV without periodic   Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     inspection.
398.5(a)..........................  Operating a motor vehicle not in   Other Vehicle Defect........            3
                                     compliance with parts and
                                     accessories regulations--migrant
                                     workers (398.5).
398.7.............................  Failure to inspect or maintain     Inspection Reports..........            4
                                     motor vehicle to ensure safe and
                                     proper operating condition--
                                     migrant workers.
399.207...........................  Vehicle access requirements        Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     violations.
399.211...........................  Inadequate maintenance of driver   Cab, Body, Frame............            2
                                     access.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 3626]]


                            Table 5--Hazardous Materials Compliance BASIC Violations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Violation description shown on
                                    driver/vehicle examination report                                 Violation
          49 CFR section                given to CMV driver after       Violation group description    severity
                                                inspection                                              weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
171.2(a)..........................  Failure to comply with HM          HM Other....................            2
                                     regulations.
171.2(b)..........................  Failure to comply with the         HM Other....................            2
                                     requirements for HM
                                     transportation (including
                                     labeling and handling).
171.2(c)..........................  Representing a package./container  Markings--HM................            5
                                     for HM not meeting specs.
171.2(f)..........................  Transporting HM not in accordance  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     with this part.
171.2(g)..........................  Cargo tank does not comply with    Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     HM Regulations.
171.2(k)..........................  Representing vehicle with HM,      Markings--HM................            5
                                     none present.
172.200(a)........................  No shipping paper provided by      Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     offeror.
172.201(a)(1).....................  HM not distinguished from non-HM.  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.201(a)(2).....................  HM description not printed         Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     legibly in English.
172.201(a)(3).....................  HM description contains            Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     abbreviation or code.
172.201(a)(4).....................  Additional information not after   Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     HM basic description.
172.201(c)........................  Failure to list page number of     Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     pages.
172.201(d)........................  Emergency Response phone number    Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     not listed.
172.202(a)(2).....................  Improper shipping name             Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     (172.202(a)(1)).
172.202(a)(3).....................  Improper hazard class              Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     (172.202(a)(2)).
172.202(a)(1).....................  Wrong or no ID number              Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     (172.202(a)(3).
172.202(a)(4).....................  No packing group listed..........  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.202(a)(5).....................  Total quantity not listed........  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.202(b)........................  Basic description not in proper    Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     sequence.
172.202(c)........................  Total quantity improper location.  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.202(e)........................  Non Hazardous Material entered     Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     with class or ID#.
172.203(a)........................  Exemption number not listed......  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(b)........................  Limited quantity not shown.......  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(c)(1).....................  Hazardous substance entry missing  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(c)(2).....................  RQ not on shipping paper.........  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(d)(1).....................  Radionuclide name not on shipping  Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     paper.
172.203(d)(10)....................  No indication for Highway Route    Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     Controlled Quantity of Class 7
                                     ``HRCQ'' on shipping paper.
172.203(d)(2).....................  No RAM physical or chemical form.  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(d)(3).....................  No RAM activity..................  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(d)(4).....................  No RAM label category............  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(d)(5).....................  No RAM transport index...........  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(d)(6).....................  No fissile radioactive entry.....  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(d)(7).....................  No DOE/NRC package approval        Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     notation.
172.203(d)(8).....................  Export package or foreign made     Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     package not marked with IAEA
                                     Certificate.
172.203(d)(9).....................  No Exclusive Use notation........  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(e)........................  No empty packaging noted.........  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(h)(1).....................  No qt/nqt for anhydrous ammonia..  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(h)(2).....................  No notation for QT/NQT for         Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     Liquified Petroleum Gas.
172.203(k)........................  No technical name for nos entry..  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(m)........................  No Poison Inhalation Hazard and/   Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     or Hazard Zone.
172.203(n)........................  No ``hot'' on shipping paper.....  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.203(o)........................  No temperature controls noted for  Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     Class 4.1 or Class 5.2.
172.205...........................  Hazardous waste manifest not as    Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     required.
172.300...........................  Failing to comply with marking     Markings--HM................            5
                                     requirements.
172.301...........................  Non-bulk package marking--general  Markings--HM................            5
172.301(a)........................  No ID number on side/ends of non-  Markings--HM................            5
                                     bulk package--large quantity of
                                     single HM.
172.301(a)(1).....................  No proper shipping name and/or     Markings--HM................            5
                                     ID# marking on non-bulk.
172.301(b)........................  No technical name on non-bulk....  Documentation--HM...........            3
172.301(c)........................  No special permit number on non-   Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     bulk package.
172.301(d)........................  No consignee/consignor on non-     Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     bulk.
172.302...........................  Marking requirements bulk          Markings--HM................            5
                                     packagings.
172.302(a)........................  No ID number (portable and cargo   Markings--HM................            5
                                     tank).
172.302(b)........................  Bulk package marking incorrect     Markings--HM................            5
                                     size.
172.302(c)........................  No special permit number on bulk   Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     package.
172.303(a)........................  Prohibited HM marking on package.  Markings--HM................            5
172.304(a)(1).....................  Package marking not durable,       Markings--HM................            5
                                     English, or print.
172.304(a)(2).....................  Marking not on sharply             Markings--HM................            5
                                     contrasting color.
172.304(a)(3).....................  Marking obscured by label or       Markings--HM................            5
                                     attachments.
172.304(a)(4).....................  Marking not away from other        Markings--HM................            5
                                     marking.
172.308(a)........................  Package marked with unauthorized   Markings--HM................            5
                                     abbreviation.
172.310(a)........................  No gross weight on radioactive     Markings--HM................            5
                                     materials package greater than
                                     50 KG.
172.310(b)........................  Radioactive materials package not  Markings--HM................            5
                                     marked ``Type A or B''.
172.312(a)(2).....................  No package orientation arrows....  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
172.312(b)........................  Prohibited use of orientation      Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     arrows.
172.313(a)........................  No ``inhalation hazard'' on        Markings--HM................            5
                                     package.
172.313(b)........................  No ``poison'' on non-bulk plastic  Markings--HM................            5
                                     package.

[[Page 3627]]

 
172.316(a)........................  Other regulated material non-bulk  Markings--HM................            5
                                     package not marked.
172.320(a)........................  Class 1 package not marked with    Markings--HM................            5
                                     ex-number.
172.322(b)........................  No marine pollutant marking on     Markings--HM................            5
                                     bulk packaging.
172.324...........................  Non-bulk hazardous substance not   Markings--HM................            5
                                     marked.
172.325(a)........................  No ``hot'' marking for bulk        Markings--HM................            5
                                     elevated temperature (172.325).
172.325(a)........................  Elevated temperature not marked    Markings--HM................            5
                                     ``Hot''.
172.325(b)........................  Improperly marked molten aluminum/ Markings--HM................            5
                                     sulphur.
172.326(a)........................  Portable tank not marked with      Markings--HM................            5
                                     proper shipping name or ID#.
172.326(b)........................  No portable tank owner or lessee   Markings--HM................            5
                                     marking.
172.326(c)(1).....................  No ID number marking on vehicle    Markings--HM................            5
                                     carrying portable tank.
172.326(c)(2).....................  Shipper failed to provide ID       Markings--HM................            5
                                     number to carrier.
172.328...........................  No ID number displayed on a cargo  Markings--HM................            5
                                     tank.
172.328(a)........................  Shipper failed to provide or       Markings--HM................            5
                                     affix ID number for cargo tank.
172.328(b)........................  Cargo tank not marked for class 2  Markings--HM................            5
172.328(c)........................  No quenched and tempered steel     Markings--HM................            5
                                     (QT)/other than quenched and
                                     tempered steel (NQT) marked on
                                     cargo tank (MC 330/331).
172.328(d)........................  Fail to mark manual remote         Markings--HM................            5
                                     shutoff device.
172.330(a)(2).....................  Tank car tank (non cylinder) not   Markings--HM................            5
                                     marked as required.
172.330(b)........................  Motor vehicle with tank not        Markings--HM................            5
                                     marked.
172.331...........................  Markings for other bulk packages.  Markings--HM................            5
172.332...........................  Required ID markings displayed...  Markings--HM................            5
172.334...........................  Prohibited ID number marking.....  Markings--HM................            5
172.334(a)........................  ID # displayed on Class 7/Class 1/ Markings--HM................            5
                                     Dangerous or Subsidiary placard.
172.336(b)........................  ID numbers not properly displayed  Markings--HM................            5
172.336(c)(1).....................  Failing to display ID numbers on   Markings--HM................            5
                                     compartment cargo tank in
                                     sequence.
172.338...........................  Carrier failed to replace missing  Markings--HM................            5
                                     ID number.
172.400...........................  Labeling requirements............  Markings--HM................            5
172.400(a)........................  Package/containment not labeled    Markings--HM................            5
                                     as required.
172.401...........................  Prohibited labeling..............  Markings--HM................            5
172.402...........................  Failing to affix additional        Markings--HM................            5
                                     labels when required.
172.402(a)........................  No label for subsidiary hazard...  Markings--HM................            5
172.402(b)........................  Display of class number on label.  Markings--HM................            5
172.402(d)........................  Subsidiary labeling for            Markings--HM................            5
                                     radioactive materials.
172.402(e)........................  Subsidiary labeling for class 1    Markings--HM................            5
                                     (explosive) materials.
172.403(a)........................  Radioactive material label         Markings--HM................            5
                                     requirement.
172.403(f)........................  Radioactive material package-2     Markings--HM................            5
                                     labels on opposite sides.
172.403(g)........................  Failed to label radioactive        Markings--HM................            5
                                     material properly.
172.403(g)(2).....................  Class 7 label--no activity/        Markings--HM................            5
                                     activity not in SI units.
172.404(a)........................  Mixed package not properly         Markings--HM................            5
                                     labeled.
172.404(b)........................  Failed to properly label           Markings--HM................            5
                                     consolidated package.
172.406(a)(1).....................  Label placement not as required..  Markings--HM................            5
172.406(c)........................  Multiple label placement not as    Markings--HM................            5
                                     required.
172.406(d)........................  Label not on contrasting           Markings--HM................            5
                                     background or no border.
172.406(e)........................  Failed to display duplicate label  Markings--HM................            5
                                     as required.
172.406(f)........................  Label obscured by marking or       Markings--HM................            5
                                     attachment.
172.502(a)(1).....................  Prohibited placarding............  Markings--HM................            5
172.502(a)(2).....................  Sign or device could be confused   Markings--HM................            5
                                     with HM placard.
172.504...........................  Placards not in table 1 or 2.....  Markings--HM................            5
172.504(a)........................  Vehicle not placarded as required  Markings--HM................            5
172.504(b)........................  Dangerous placard violation......  Markings--HM................            5
172.505(a)........................  No placard for poison inhalation   Markings--HM................            5
                                     hazard.
172.505(b)........................  Not placarded for RAM and          Markings--HM................            5
                                     Corrosive when required.
172.505(c)........................  Placard for subsidiary dangerous   Markings--HM................            5
                                     when wet.
172.506(a)........................  Failed to provide placards         Markings--HM................            5
                                     shipper.
172.506(a)(1).....................  Placards not affixed to vehicle..  Markings--HM................            5
172.507...........................  Not placardarded for RAM highway   Markings--HM................            5
                                     route controlled quantity.
172.512(a)........................  Freight container not placarded..  Markings--HM................            5
172.514(a)........................  Bulk package offered without       Markings--HM................            5
                                     placard.
172.514(b)........................  Bulk package with residue of HM    Markings--HM................            5
                                     not properly placarded.
172.516(a)........................  Placard not visible from           Markings--HM................            5
                                     direction it faces.
172.516(c)(1).....................  Placard not securely affixed or    Markings--HM................            5
                                     attached.
172.516(c)(2).....................  Placard not clear of appurtenance  Markings--HM................            5
172.516(c)(4).....................  Placard improper location........  Markings--HM................            5
172.516(c)(5).....................  Placard not reading horizontally.  Markings--HM................            5
172.516(c)(6).....................  Placard damaged, deteriorated, or  Markings--HM................            5
                                     obscured.
172.516(c)(7).....................  Placard not on contrasting         Markings--HM................            5
                                     background or border.
172.519...........................  Placard does not meet              Markings--HM................            5
                                     specifications.
172.600(c)........................  Emergency Response (ER)            Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     information not available.
172.602(a)........................  Emergency response information     Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     missing.
172.602(b)........................  Form and manner of emergency       Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     response information.

[[Page 3628]]

 
172.602(c)(1).....................  Maintenance/accessibility of       Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     emergency response information.
172.604(a)........................  Failing to provide an emergency    Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     response phone number.
173.24(a).........................  Non-bulk package mixed contents    Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     requirements.
173.24(b).........................  Failed to meet general package     Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     requirements.
173.24(b)(1)......................  Release of HM from package.......  Load Securement--HM.........           10
173.24(b).........................  Bulk package outage or filling     Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     limit requirements.
173.24b(d)(2).....................  Exceed max weight of rating on     Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     spec plate.
173.24(c).........................  Unauthorized packaging...........  Load Securement--HM.........           10
173.24(f)(1)......................  Closures for packagings must not   Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     be open or leaking.
173.25(a).........................  Failed to meet overpack            Markings--HM................            5
                                     conditions.
173.25(c).........................  Failure to label and package       Markings--HM................            5
                                     poison properly, when
                                     transported with edible material.
173.29(a).........................  Empty package improper             Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     transportation.
173.30............................  Loading/unloading transport        Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     vehicles.
173.32(h)(3)......................  IM101/102 bottom outlets           Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     prohibited.
173.32(h)(3)(i)...................  IM101/102 bottom outlets           Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     authorized.
173.33(a).........................  Cargo tank general requirements..  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
173.33(b).........................  HM in cargo tank which had         Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     dangerous reaction with cargo
                                     tank.
173.33(c)(2)......................  Cargo tank not marked with design  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     or maximum allowable working
                                     pressure (MAWP).
173.35(a).........................  Intermediate bulk container        Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     requirements.
173.35(d).........................  Liquid filled IBC with Ullage      Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     over 98%.
173.35(f)(2)......................  Intermediate bulk container (IBC)  Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     not secured to or within vehicle.
173.40............................  General packages requirements for  HM Other....................            2
                                     poisons in cylinders.
173.54............................  Forbidden explosives, offering or  Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     transporting.
173.60............................  General packaging requirements     HM Other....................            2
                                     for explosives.
173.315(a)........................  Cargo or portable tank class 2     Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     exceeds maximum filling density.
173.315(j)(3).....................  Residential gas tank not secure    Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     in transport.
173.318(b)(10)....................  Fail to mark inlet, outlet,        Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     pressure relief device, or
                                     pressure control valve of
                                     cryogenic tanks.
173.318(g)........................  No or Improper One Way Travel      Markings--HM................            5
                                     Time (OWTT) marking on cryogenic
                                     cargo tank.
173.412...........................  General Type A package failing to  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     meet additional design
                                     requirements.
173.421(a)........................  Transporting limited quantity-     Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     radioactive material exceeds 0.5
                                     millirem/hour.
173.427(a)(6)(iv).................  No instructions for exclusive use  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     packaging-low specific activity.
173.427(a)(6)(vi).................  Exclusive use low specific         Markings--HM................            5
                                     activity (LSA) radioactive
                                     material not marked
                                     ``Radioactive-LSA''.
173.427(a)(6)(iv).................  No instructions for exclusive use  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     packaging-low specific activity.
173.427(a)(vi)....................  Exclusive use low specific         Markings--HM................            5
                                     activity (LSA) radioactive
                                     material not marked
                                     ``Radioactive-LSA''.
173.431...........................  Exceeded activity limits Type A    Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     or Type B package.
173.441(a)........................  Exceeding radiation level          Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     limitations allowed for
                                     transport.
173.441(b)........................  Exceeding radiation level allowed  Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     for transport of RAM under
                                     exclusive use provisions.
173.442(b)(1).....................  External temperature of package    Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     exceeds 50 degrees Celsius (122
                                     degrees F).
173.442(b)(2).....................  External temperature of package    Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     exceeds 85 degrees Celsius (185
                                     degrees F).
173.443(a)........................  Radioactive contamination exceeds  Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     limits.
173.447...........................  RAM transport storage violation..  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
173.448...........................  General RAM transport              Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     requirements.
177.801...........................  Accepting/transporting HM not      HM Other....................            2
                                     prepared properly.
177.804...........................  Failure to comply with FMCSR 49    HM Other....................            2
                                     CFR part 383 and 49 CFR parts
                                     390 through 397.
177.817...........................  Shipping papers required.........  Documentation--HM...........            3
177.817(a)........................  No shipping papers (carrier).....  Documentation--HM...........            3
177.817(b)........................  Shipper certification missing      Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     (when required).
177.817(e)........................  Shipping paper accessibility.....  Documentation--HM...........            3
177.823(a)........................  No placards/markings when          Markings--HM................            5
                                     required.
177.834...........................  Load securement of different HM    Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     packages.
177.834(a)........................  Package not secure in vehicle....  Load Securement--HM.........           10
177.834(b)........................  Package not loaded according to    Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     orientation marks.
177.834(c)........................  Smoking while loading or           Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     unloading.
177.834(f)........................  Using a tool likely to cause       Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     damage to the closure of any
                                     package or container.
177.834(i)........................  Attendance of cargo tank--(load    Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     or unload).
177.834(j)........................  Manholes and valves not closed or  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     leak free.
177.834(m)(1).....................  Securing specification 106a or     Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     110a tanks.
177.834(n)........................  Improper loading-specification     Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     56, 57, IM101, and IM102.

[[Page 3629]]

 
177.835...........................  Improper transportation of         Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     explosives (Class 1).
177.835(a)........................  Loading/Unloading Class 1 with     Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     engine running.
177.835(c)........................  Transporting Class 1 in            Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     combination vehicles.
177.835(j)........................  Transfer of Class 1 materials en   Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     route.
177.837...........................  Improper transporting of Class 3   Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     HM.
177.837(c)........................  Cargo tanks not properly bonded/   Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     grounded.
177.837(d)........................  Improper unloading of combustible  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     liquids.
177.838...........................  Improper transport of class 4, 5   Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     or division 4.2.
177.839...........................  Improper transportation of Class   Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     8 HM.
177.840...........................  Improper transportation of Class   Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     2 HM.
177.840(g)........................  Discharge valve not closed in      Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     transit class 2.
177.840(o)........................  Fail to test off-truck remote      Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     shutoff device.
177.840(s)........................  Fail to possess remote shutoff     Cargo Protection--HM........            4
                                     when unloading.
177.841...........................  Improper transportation of         Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     Division 6.1 or Division 2.3 HM.
177.841(e)........................  Poison label loaded with           HM Other....................            2
                                     foodstuffs.
177.842(a)........................  Total transport index exceeds 50-  HM Other....................            2
                                     non-exclusive use.
177.842(b)........................  Distance from package to person-   HM Other....................            2
                                     radioactive material.
177.842(d)........................  Blocking and bracing of            HM Other....................            2
                                     radioactive material packages.
177.848(d)........................  Prohibited load/transport/storage  Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     combination.
177.848(f)........................  Class 1 load separation or         HM Other....................            2
                                     segregation.
177.870(b)........................  Transporting unauthorized HM in a  Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     passenger-carrying vehicle.
177.870(c)........................  Prohibited HM on passenger         Load Securement--HM.........           10
                                     carrying vehicle.
178.245-4\1\......................  DOT51 integrity and securement...  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.245-5\1\......................  DOT51 valve protection...........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.245-6(a)\1\...................  DOT51 name plate Markings--HM....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.245-6(b)\1\...................  Tank outlets not marked..........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.251-4\1\......................  DOT 56/57 integrity and            Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     securement.
178.251-7(b)\1\...................  DOT 56/57 spec Markings--HM......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.255-14........................  DOT 60 ID plate..................  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.255-4.........................  DOT 60 manhole...................  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.255-7\1\......................  DOT 60 valve protection..........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.270-1\1\......................  IM101/102 general design.........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.270-11(d)(1)\1\...............  IM101/102 pressure relief........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.270-14\1\.....................  IM101/102 spec plate.............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.270-4\1\......................  Structural integrity.............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.270-6\1\......................  IM101/102 frames.................  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.270-8\1\......................  IM101/102 valve protection.......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.270-9\1\......................  IM101/102 manholes...............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.336-1.........................  Protecting of fittings MC330.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.336-13........................  Anchoring of tank MC330..........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.336-17........................  Metal ID plate marking MC330.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.336-17(a).....................  Certification plate MC330........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.336-9(a)......................  Safety relief devices MC330......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.336-9(c)......................  Marking of inlets/outlets MC330..  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.337-10(a).....................  Protection of fittings MC331.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.337-11(a).....................  Internal valve MC331 (178.337-     Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     11(a)(2)).
178.337-13........................  MC331 supports and anchoring.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.337-17(a).....................  Metal ID plate missing MC331.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.337-8(a)......................  Outlets general requirements       Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     MC331.
178.337-8(a)(2)...................  Outlets MC331....................  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.337-8(a)(3)...................  Internal or back flow valve MC331  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.337-8(a)(4)(i)................  Remote closure device greater      Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     than 3500 gallons MC331.
178.337-8(a)(4)(ii)...............  Remote closure device less than    Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     3500 gallons MC331.
178.337-9.........................  Pressure relief devices MC331....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.337-9(c)......................  Marking inlets/outlets MC331.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-10(a).....................  Protection of fittings MC338.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-10(c).....................  Rear end protection MC338........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-11(b).....................  Manual shutoff valve MC338.......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-12........................  Shear section MC338..............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-13........................  Supports and anchoring MC338.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-18(a).....................  Name plate/Specification plate     Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     missing MC338.
178.338-18(b).....................  Specification plate missing MC338  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-6.........................  Manhole MC338....................  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.338-8.........................  Pressure relief devices MC338....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.340-10(b)\ 2\.................  MC306/307/312 metal certification  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     plate missing.
178.340-6\2\......................  MC306/307/312 supports and         Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     anchoring.
178.340-7(a)\2\...................  MC306/307/312 ring stiffeners....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.340-7(c)\2\...................  MC306/307/312 double bulkhead      Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     drain.
178.340-7(d)(2)\2\................  MC306/307/312 ring stiffener       Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     drain hole.

[[Page 3630]]

 
178.340-8(a)\2\...................  MC306/307/312 appurtenances        Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     attachment.
178.340-8(b)\2\...................  MC306/307/312 rearend protection.  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.340-8(c)\2\...................  MC306/307/312 overturn protection  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.340-8(d)\2\...................  MC306/307/312 piping protection..  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.340-8(d)(1)\2\................  MC306/307/312 piping protection..  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.340-8(d)(2)\2\................  MC306/307/312 minimum road         Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     clearance.
178.341-3(a)\2\...................  MC306 no manhole closure.........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.341-4\2\......................  MC306 venting....................  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.341-4(d)(1)\2\................  MC306 inadequate emergency         Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     venting.
178.341-4(d)(2)\2\................  MC306 pressure activated vents...  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.341-4(d)(3)\2\................  MC306 no fusible venting.........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.341-5(a)\2\...................  MC306 internal valves............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.341-5(a)(1)\2\................  MC306 heat actuated safety.......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.341-5(a)(2)\2\................  MC306 remote control shutoff.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.342-3\2\......................  MC307 manhole closure............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.342-4\2\......................  MC307 venting....................  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.342-4(b)\2\...................  Inadequate venting capacity......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.342-5(a)\2\...................  MC307 internal valve.............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.342-5(a)(1)\2\................  MC307 heat actuated safety.......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.342-5(a)(2)\2\................  MC307 remote control shutoff.....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.343-3\2\......................  Manhole closure MC312............  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.343-4\2\......................  Venting MC312 (show calculations)  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.343-5(a)\2\...................  MC312 top outlet and valve.......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.343-5(b)(1)\2\................  MC312 bottom valve/piping          Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     protection.
178.345-1.........................  DOT406/407/412 pressure relief...  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.345-11(b).....................  DOT406/407/412 tank valves.......  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.345-11(b)(1)..................  DOT406/407/412 remote control....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.345-11(b)(1)(i)...............  DOT406/407/412 remote control....  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.345-14(b).....................  DOT406/407/412 name plate........  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.345-14(c).....................  DOT406/407/412 specification       Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     plate.
178.345-1(i)(2)...................  DOT 406, 407, 412 Obstructed       Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     double bulkhead drain/vent.
178.345-5(d)......................  DOT406/407/412 manhole securement  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.345-5(e)......................  DOT406/407/412 manhole marking...  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
178.345-6.........................  DOT406/407/412 supports and        Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     anchoring.
178.345-7(d)(4)...................  DOT406/407/412 ring stiffener      Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     drain.
178.345-8(a)......................  DOT406/407/412 accident            Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     protection.
178.345-8(a)(5)...................  DOT406/407/412 minimum road        Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     clearance.
178.345-8(b)......................  DOT406/407/412 bottom damage       Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     protection.
178.345-8(c)......................  DOT406/407/412 rollover damage     Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     protection.
178.345-8(d)......................  DOT406/407/412 rear end            Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     protection.
178.703(a)........................  Intermediate bulk container (IBC)  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     manufacturer Markings--HM.
178.703(b)........................  Intermediate bulk container        Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     additional Markings--HM.
178.704(e)........................  Intermediate bulk container        Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     bottom discharge valve
                                     protection.
179.300-12........................  DOT106/110aw protection of         Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     fittings.
179.300-13........................  DOT106/110aw venting and valves..  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
179.300-15........................  DOT106/110aw safety relief         Package Integrity--HM.......            8
                                     devices.
179.300-18........................  DOT106/110aw stamping of tanks...  Package Integrity--HM.......            8
180.205(c)........................  Periodic re-qualification of       Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     cylinders.
180.213(d)........................  Re-qualification Markings--HM....  Package Testing--HM.........            7
180.352(b)........................  Intermediate bulk container        Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     retest or inspection.
180.352(d)........................  IBC retest date marking..........  Package Testing--HM.........            7
180.352(f)........................  IBC retest date marking            Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     (180.352(e)).
180.405(b)........................  Cargo tank specifications........  Package Testing--HM.........            7
180.405(j)........................  Certification withdrawal (failed   Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     to remove/cover/obliterate spec
                                     plate).
180.407(a)(1).....................  Cargo tank periodic test and       Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     inspection.
180.407(c)........................  Failing to periodically test and   Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     inspect cargo tank.
180.415(b)........................  Cargo tank test or inspection      Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     Markings--HM.
180.605...........................  Periodic testing of portable       Package Testing--HM.........            7
                                     tanks.
180.605(k)........................  Test date marking................  Package Testing--HM.........            7
385.403...........................  No HM Safety Permit..............  Documentation--HM...........            3
397.1(a)..........................  Driver/carrier must obey part 397  HM Other....................            2
397.1(b)..........................  Failing to require employees to    HM Other....................            2
                                     know/obey part 397.
397.2.............................  Must comply with rules in parts    HM Other....................            2
                                     390-397-transporting HM.
397.5(a)..........................  Unattended explosives 1.1/1.2/1.3  Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
397.5(c)..........................  Unattended hazmat vehicle........  Cargo Protection--HM........            4
397.7(a)..........................  Improperly parked explosives       Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     vehicle.
397.7(b)..........................  Improperly parked HM vehicle.....  Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
397.11(a).........................  HM vehicle operated near open      Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     fire.
397.11(b).........................  HM vehicle parked within 300 feet  Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
                                     of fire.

[[Page 3631]]

 
397.15............................  HM vehicle fueling violation.....  Fire Hazard--HM.............            6
397.17............................  No tire examination on HM vehicle  HM Other....................            2
397.19............................  No instructions/documents when     Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     transporting Division 1.1/1.2/
                                     1.3 (explosive) materials.
397.19(c).........................  Required documents not in          Documentation--HM...........            3
                                     possession-explosive materials.
397.67............................  HM vehicle routing violation (non- HM Route....................            1
                                     radioactive materials).
397.101(b)........................  Radioactive materials vehicle not  HM Route....................            1
                                     on preferred route.
397.101(d)........................  No or incomplete route plan-       HM Route....................            1
                                     radioactive materials.
397.101(e)(2).....................  Driver not in possession of        HM Route....................            1
                                     training certificate.
397.101(e)(3).....................  Driver not in possession of        HM Route....................            1
                                     written route plan.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citations marked with a (\1\) in this table 5 may be found at 49 CFR part 178 (revised as of October 1, 1965)
  and citations marked with a (\2\) may be found at 49 CFR part 178 (revised as of October 1, 1967).

PART 386--RULES OF PRACTICE FOR MOTOR CARRIER, INTERMODAL EQUIPMENT 
PROVIDER, BROKER, FREIGHT FORWARDER, AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 
PROCEEDINGS

0
50. The authority citation for part 386 continues to read as follows:


    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 113, chapters 5, 51, 59, 131-141, 145-149, 
311, 313, and 315; 49 U.S.C. 5123; Sec. 204, Pub. L. 104-88, 109 
Stat. 803, 941 (49 U.S.C. 701 note); Sec. 217, Pub. L. 105-159, 113 
Stat. 1748, 1767; Sec. 206, Pub. L. 106-159, 113 Stat. 1763; 
subtitle B, title IV of Pub. L. 109-59; and 49 CFR 1.81 and 1.87.

0
51. Amend appendix B to part 386 by revising paragraph (f) and adding 
paragraph (j) to read as follows:

Appendix B to Part 386--Penalty Schedule; Violations and Monetary 
Penalties

* * * * *
    (f) Operating after being declared unfit by assignment of a 
final unfit safety fitness determination. (1) A motor carrier 
operating a commercial motor vehicle in interstate commerce or 
intrastate commerce that affects interstate commerce (except owners 
or operators of commercial motor vehicles designed or used to 
transport hazardous materials for which placarding of a motor 
vehicle is required under regulations prescribed under 49 U.S.C. 
chapter 51) is subject, after being ordered out-of-service because 
of receiving a final unfit safety fitness determination, to a civil 
penalty of not more than $25,000 (49 CFR 385.13). Each day the 
transportation continues in violation of a final unfit safety 
fitness determination constitutes a separate offense.
    (2) A motor carrier operating a commercial motor vehicle 
designed or used to transport hazardous materials for which 
placarding of a motor vehicle is required under regulations 
prescribed under 49 U.S.C. chapter 51 is subject, after being 
ordered out-of-service because of receiving a final unfit safety 
fitness determination, to a civil penalty of not more than $75,000 
for each offense. If the violation results in death, serious 
illness, or severe injury to any person or in substantial 
destruction of property, the civil penalty may be increased to not 
more than $175,000 for each offense. Each day the transportation 
continues in violation of a final unfit safety fitness determination 
constitutes a separate offense.
* * * * *
    (j) Violations considered for penalty assessment. The violations 
listed in the table in this paragraph (j) are violations that the 
Agency may take into account for purposes of section 222 of the 
Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999, Public Law 106-159, 49 
U.S.C. 521 note (``Minimum and Maximum Assessments'').

  Table to Paragraph (j) of Appendix B to Part 386--Minimum and Maximum
                           Penalty Regulations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
49 CFR 171.15.....................  Carrier failing to give immediate
                                     telephone notice of an incident
                                     involving HM.
49 CFR 171.16.....................  Carrier failing to make a written
                                     report of an incident involving HM.
49 CFR 172.313(a).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting a package containing a
                                     poisonous-by-inhalation material
                                     that is not marked with the words
                                     ``Inhalation Hazard.``
49 CFR 172.704(a)(4)..............  Failing to provide security
                                     awareness training.
49 CFR 172.704(a)(5)..............  Failing to provide in-depth security
                                     awareness training.
49 CFR 172.800(b).................  Transporting HM without a security
                                     plan.
49 CFR 172.800(b).................  Transporting HM without a security
                                     plan that conforms to Subpart I
                                     requirements.
49 CFR 172.800(b).................  Failure to adhere to a required
                                     security plan.
49 CFR 172.802(b).................  Failure to make copies of security
                                     plan available to HM employees.
49 CFR 173.24(b)(1)...............  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting a package that has an
                                     identifiable release of a HM to the
                                     environment.
49 CFR 173.24b(d)(2)..............  Loading bulk packaging (cargo tank)
                                     with an HM which exceeds the
                                     maximum weight of lading marked on
                                     the specification plate.
49 CFR 173.33(a)(1)...............  Offering or accepting a HM for
                                     transportation in an unauthorized
                                     cargo tank.
49 CFR 173.33(a)(2)...............  Loading or accepting for
                                     transportation two or more
                                     materials in a cargo tank motor
                                     vehicle which if mixed results in
                                     an unsafe condition.
49 CFR 173.33(b)(1)...............  Loading HM in a cargo tank motor
                                     would have a dangerous reaction
                                     when in contact with the tank.
49 CFR 173.421(a).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting a Class 7
                                     (radioactive) material described,
                                     marked, and packaged as a limited
                                     quantity when the radiation level
                                     on the surface of the package
                                     exceeds 0.005mSv/hour (0.5 mrem/
                                     hour).
49 CFR 173.431(a).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting in a Type A packaging
                                     a greater quantity of Class 7
                                     (radioactive) material than
                                     authorized.
49 CFR 173.431(b).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting in a Type B packaging
                                     a greater quantity of Class 7
                                     (radioactive) material than
                                     authorized.
49 CFR 173.441(a).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting a package containing
                                     Class 7 (radioactive) material with
                                     external radiation exceeding
                                     allowable limits.

[[Page 3632]]

 
49 CFR 173.442(b).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting a package containing
                                     Class 7 (radioactive) material when
                                     the temperature of the accessible
                                     external surface of the loaded
                                     package exceeds 50 degrees C (122
                                     degrees F) in other than an
                                     exclusive use shipment, or 85
                                     degrees C (185 degrees F) in an
                                     exclusive use shipment.
49 CFR 173.443(a).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting a package containing
                                     Class 7 (radioactive) material with
                                     removable contamination on the
                                     external surfaces of the package in
                                     excess of permissible limits.
49 CFR 177.800(c).................  Failing to instruct a category of
                                     employees in HM regulations.
49 CFR 177.817(a).................  Transporting a shipment of HM not
                                     accompanied by a properly prepared
                                     shipping paper.
49 CFR 177.817(e).................  Failing to maintain proper
                                     accessibility of shipping papers.
49 CFR 177.823(a).................  Moving a transport vehicle
                                     containing HM that is not properly
                                     marked or placarded.
49 CFR 177.834(i).................  Loading or unloading a cargo tank
                                     without a qualified person in
                                     attendance.
49 CFR 177.835(a).................  Loading or unloading a Class 1
                                     (explosive) material with the
                                     engine running.
49 CFR 177.835(j).................  Transferring Division 1.1, 1.2, or
                                     1.3 (explosive) materials between
                                     containers or motor vehicles when
                                     not permitted.
49 CFR 177.835(c).................  Accepting for transportation or
                                     transporting Division 1.1, 1.2, or
                                     1.3 (explosive) materials in a
                                     motor vehicle or combination of
                                     vehicles that is not permitted.
49 CFR 177.841(e).................  Transporting a package bearing a
                                     poison label in the same transport
                                     vehicle with material marked or
                                     known to be foodstuff, feed, or any
                                     edible material intended for
                                     consumption by humans or animals
                                     unless an exception in Sec.
                                     177.841(e)(1)(i) or (ii) is met.
49 CFR 177.848(d).................  Failing to store, Load, or transport
                                     HM in accordance with the
                                     segregation table.
49 CFR 180.407(a).................  Transporting a shipment of HM in
                                     cargo tank that has not been
                                     inspected or retested in accordance
                                     with Sec.   180.407.
49 CFR 180.415....................  Failing to mark a cargo tank which
                                     passed an inspection or test
                                     required by Sec.   180.407.
49 CFR 180.417(a)(1)..............  Failing to retain cargo tank
                                     manufacturer's data report
                                     certificate and related papers, as
                                     required.
49 CFR 180.417(a)(2)).............  Failing to retain copies of cargo
                                     tank manufacturer's certificate and
                                     related papers (or alternative
                                     report) as required.
49 CFR 382.115(a).................  Failing to implement an alcohol and/
                                     or controlled substances testing
                                     program (domestic motor carrier).
49 CFR 382.115(b).................  Failing to implement an alcohol and/
                                     or controlled substances testing
                                     program (foreign motor carrier).
49 CFR 382.201....................  Using a driver known to have an
                                     alcohol concentration of 0.04 or
                                     greater.
49 CFR 382.211....................  Using a driver who has refused to
                                     submit to an alcohol or controlled
                                     substances test required under part
                                     382.
49 CFR 382.213(b).................  Using a driver known to have used a
                                     controlled substance.
49 CFR 382.215....................  Using a driver known to have tested
                                     positive for a controlled
                                     substance.
49 CFR 382.301(a).................  Using a driver before the motor
                                     carrier has received a negative pre-
                                     employment controlled substance
                                     test result.
49 CFR 382.303(a).................  Failing to conduct post-accident
                                     testing on driver for alcohol.
49 CFR 382.303(b).................  Failing to conduct post-accident
                                     testing on driver for controlled
                                     substances.
49 CFR 382.305....................  Failing to implement a random
                                     controlled substances and/or an
                                     alcohol testing program.
49 CFR 382.305(b)(1)..............  Failing to conduct random alcohol
                                     testing at an annual rate of not
                                     less than the applicable annual
                                     rate of the average number of
                                     driver positions.
49 CFR 382.305(b)(2)..............  Failing to conduct random controlled
                                     substances testing at an annual
                                     rate of not less than the
                                     applicable annual rate of the
                                     average number of driver positions.
49 CFR 382.309....................  Using a driver without a return to
                                     duty test.
49 CFR 382.503....................  Allowing a driver to perform safety
                                     sensitive function, after engaging
                                     in conduct prohibited by subpart B
                                     of part 382, without being
                                     evaluated by substance abuse
                                     professional, as required by Sec.
                                     382.605.
49 CFR 382.505(a).................  Using a driver within 24 hours after
                                     the driver was found to have an
                                     alcohol concentration of 0.02 or
                                     greater but less than 0.04.
49 CFR 382.605....................  Failing to subject a driver who has
                                     been identified as needing
                                     assistance to at least six
                                     unannounced follow-up alcohol and/
                                     or controlled substance tests in
                                     the first 12 months following the
                                     driver's return to duty.
49 CFR 383.23(a)..................  Operating a CMV without a valid CDL.
49 CFR 383.3(a)...................  Using a driver who does not possess
                                     a valid CDL (removed knowingly).
49 CFR 383.37(a)..................  Knowingly allowing, requiring,
                                     permitting, or authorizing an
                                     employee who does not have a
                                     current CLP or CDL, who does not
                                     have a CLP or CDL with the proper
                                     class or endorsements, or who
                                     operates a CMV in violation of any
                                     restriction on the CLP or CDL to
                                     operate a CMV.
49 CFR 383.37(b)..................  Knowingly allowing, requiring,
                                     permitting, or authorizing an
                                     employee with a CDL that is
                                     suspended, revoked, or canceled by
                                     a State or who is disqualified to
                                     operate a CMV.
49 CFR 383.51(a)..................  Knowingly allowing, requiring,
                                     permitting, or authorizing a driver
                                     to drive who is disqualified to
                                     drive a CMV.
49 CFR 387.31(d)..................  Failing to maintain at the principal
                                     place of business required proof of
                                     financial responsibility for
                                     passenger carrying vehicles.
49 CFR 387.7(d)...................  Failing to maintain at the principal
                                     place of business required proof of
                                     financial responsibility.
49 CFR 390.15(b)(2)...............  Failing to maintain copies of all
                                     accident reports required by State
                                     or other governmental entities or
                                     insurers.
49 CFR 390.35.....................  Making, or causing to make
                                     fraudulent or intentionally false
                                     statements or records and/or
                                     reproducing fraudulent records.
49 CFR 391.11(b)(4)...............  Using a physically unqualified
                                     driver.
49 CFR 391.11(b)(5)...............  Using a driver without a currently
                                     valid motor vehicle operator's
                                     license or permit.
49 CFR 391.15(a)..................  Using a disqualified driver.
49 CFR 391.23(a)..................  Failing to investigate a driver's
                                     background.
49 CFR 391.45(a)..................  Using a driver not medically
                                     examined and certified.
49 CFR 391.45(b)(1)...............  Using a driver not medically
                                     examined and certified during the
                                     preceding 24 months.
49 CFR 391.51(a)..................  Failing to maintain driver
                                     qualification file on each driver
                                     employed.
49 CFR 391.51(b)(2)...............  Failing to maintain inquiries into
                                     driver's driving record in driver's
                                     qualification file.

[[Page 3633]]

 
49 CFR 391.51(b)(7)...............  Failing to maintain medical
                                     examiner's certificate in driver's
                                     qualification file.
49 CFR 392.2......................  Operating a motor vehicle not in
                                     accordance with the laws,
                                     ordinances, and regulations of the
                                     jurisdiction in which it is being
                                     operated.
49 CFR 392.4(b)...................  Requiring or permitting a driver to
                                     drive while under the influence of,
                                     or in possession of, a narcotic
                                     drug, amphetamine, or any other
                                     substance capable of rendering the
                                     driver incapable of safely
                                     operating a motor vehicle.
49 CFR 392.5(b)(1)................  Requiring or permitting a driver to
                                     drive a motor vehicle while under
                                     the influence of, or in possession
                                     of, an intoxicating beverage.
49 CFR 392.5(b)(2)................  Requiring or permitting a driver who
                                     shows evidence of having consumed
                                     an intoxicating beverage within 4
                                     hours to operate a motor vehicle.
49 CFR 392.6......................  Scheduling a run which would
                                     necessitate the vehicle being
                                     operated at speeds in excess of
                                     those prescribed.
49 CFR 392.9(a)(1)................  Requiring or permitting a driver to
                                     drive without the vehicle's cargo
                                     being properly distributed and
                                     adequately secured.
49 CFR 395.1(h)(1)(i).............  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive more
                                     than 15 hours (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(h)(1)(ii)............  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty 20 hours
                                     (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(h)(1)(iii)...........  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 70
                                     hours in 7 consecutive days
                                     (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(h)(1)(iv)............  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 80
                                     hours in 8 consecutive days
                                     (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(h)(2)(i).............  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive more
                                     than 15 hours (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(h)(2)(ii)............  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty 20 hours
                                     (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(h)(2)(iii)...........  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 70
                                     hours in 7 consecutive days
                                     (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(h)(2)(iv)............  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 80
                                     hours in 8 consecutive days
                                     (Driving in Alaska).
49 CFR 395.1(o)...................  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty 16 consecutive
                                     hours.
49 CFR 395.3(a)(1)................  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive
                                     without taking an off-duty period
                                     of at least 11 consecutive hours
                                     prior to driving.
49 CFR 395.3(a)(2)................  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     the end of the 14th hour after
                                     coming on duty.
49 CFR 395.3(b)(1)................  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 60
                                     hours in 7 consecutive days.
49 CFR 395.3(b)(2)................  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 70
                                     hours in 8 consecutive days.
49 CFR 395.3(c)(1)................  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to restart a
                                     period of 7 consecutive days
                                     without taking an off-duty period
                                     of 34 or more consecutive hours.
49 CFR 395.3(c)(2)................  Requiring or permitting a property-
                                     carrying CMV driver to restart a
                                     period of 8 consecutive days
                                     without taking an off-duty period
                                     of 34 or more consecutive hours.
49 CFR 395.5(a)(1)................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive more
                                     than 10 hours.
49 CFR 395.5(a)(2)................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty 15 hours.
49 CFR 395.5(b)(1)................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 60
                                     hours in 7 consecutive days.
49 CFR 395.5(b)(2)................  Requiring or permitting a passenger-
                                     carrying CMV driver to drive after
                                     having been on duty more than 70
                                     hours in 8 consecutive days.
49 CFR 395.8(a)...................  No records of duty status.
49 CFR 395.8(a)...................  Failing to require driver to make a
                                     record of duty status.
49 CFR 395.8(e)...................  False reports of records of duty
                                     status.
49 CFR 395.8(i)...................  Failing to require driver to forward
                                     within 13 days of completion, the
                                     original of the record of duty
                                     status.
49 CFR 395.8(k)(1)................  Failing to preserve driver's record
                                     of duty status and/or supporting
                                     documents for 6 months.
49 CFR 395.13(c)(1)...............  Requiring or permitting a driver
                                     declared out of out-of-service to
                                     operate a CMV before that driver
                                     may lawfully do so under the rules
                                     of part 395 (removed knowingly).
49 CFR 396.3(b)...................  Failing to keep minimum records of
                                     inspection and vehicle maintenance.
49 CFR 396.9(c)(2)................  Requiring or permitting the
                                     operation of a motor vehicle
                                     declared ``out-of-service'' before
                                     repairs were made.
49 CFR 396.11(a)..................  Failing to require driver to prepare
                                     driver vehicle inspection
                                     report(s).
49 CFR 396.11(c)..................  Failing to correct Out-of-Service
                                     defects listed by driver in a
                                     driver vehicle inspection report
                                     before the vehicle is operated
                                     again.
49 CFR 396.17(g)..................  Failing to promptly repair parts and
                                     accessories not meeting minimum
                                     periodic inspection standards.
49 CFR 397.5(a)...................  Failing to ensure a motor vehicle
                                     containing Division 1.1, 1.2, or
                                     1.3 (explosive) material is
                                     attended at all times by its driver
                                     or a qualified representative.
49 CFR 397.7(a)(1)................  Parking a motor vehicle containing
                                     Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 materials
                                     within 5 feet of traveled portion
                                     of highway or street.
49 CFR 397.7(b)...................  Parking a motor vehicle containing
                                     HM(s) other than Division 1.1, 1.2,
                                     or 1.3 materials within 5 feet of
                                     traveled portion of highway or
                                     street.
49 CFR 397.13(a)..................  Permitting a person to smoke or
                                     carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or
                                     pipe within 25 feet of a motor
                                     vehicle containing Class 1
                                     materials, Class 5 materials, or
                                     flammable materials classified as
                                     Division 2.1, Class 3, Divisions
                                     4.1 and 4.2.

[[Page 3634]]

 
49 CFR 397.19(a)..................  Failing to furnish driver of motor
                                     vehicle transporting Division 1.1,
                                     1.2, or 1.3 (explosive) materials
                                     with a copy of the rules of part
                                     397 and/or emergency response
                                     instructions.
49 CFR 397.67(d)..................  Requiring or permitting the
                                     operation of a motor vehicle
                                     containing explosives in Class 1,
                                     Divisions 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 that is
                                     not accompanied by a written route
                                     plan.
49 CFR 397.101(d).................  Requiring or permitting the
                                     operation of a motor vehicle
                                     containing highway route-controlled
                                     quantity, as defined in Sec.
                                     173.403, of radioactive materials
                                     that is not accompanied by a
                                     written route plan.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 387--MINIMUM LEVELS OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR MOTOR 
CARRIERS

0
52. The authority citation for part 387 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 13101, 13301, 13906, 13908, 14701, 31138, 
31139, and 31144; and 49 CFR 1.87.

0
53. Amend Sec.  387.7 by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as follows.


Sec.  387.7  Financial responsibility required.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) A written decision, order, or authorization of the Federal 
Motor Carrier Safety Administration authorizing a motor carrier to 
self-insure under Sec.  387.309, provided the motor carrier has not 
been issued an unfit safety fitness determination as determined by the 
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration under part 385 of this 
chapter.
* * * * *
0
54. Amend Sec.  387.309 by revising paragraph (a)(3) to read as 
follows.


Sec.  387.309  Qualifications as a self-insurer and other securities or 
agreements.

    (a) * * *
    (3) The existence of an adequate safety program. Applicant must 
submit evidence that the carrier's operations meet the safety fitness 
standard in Sec.  385.5 of this chapter. Carriers need only certify 
that they have not received an unfit safety fitness determination. 
Applications by carriers with an unfit safety fitness determination 
will be summarily denied. Any self-insurance authority granted by FMCSA 
will automatically expire 30 days after a carrier receives a final 
unfit safety fitness determination from FMCSA.
* * * * *

PART 395--HOURS OF SERVICE OF DRIVERS

0
55. The authority citation for part 395 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 504, 31133, 31136, 31137, and 31502; sec. 
113, Pub. L. 103-311, 108 Stat. 1673, 1676; sec. 229, Pub. L. 106-
159 (as transferred by sec. 4115 and amended by secs. 4130-4132, 
Pub. L. 109-59, 119 Stat. 1144, 1726, 1743, 1744); sec. 4133, Pub. 
L. 109-59, 119 Stat. 1144, 1744; sec. 108, Pub. L. 110-432, 122 
Stat. 4860-4866; sec. 32934, Pub. L. 112-141, 126 Stat. 405, 830; 
and 49 CFR 1.87.

0
56. Amend Sec.  395.15 by revising paragraph (j)(2)(i) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  395.15  Automatic on-board recording devices.

* * * * *
    (j) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) The motor carrier has been issued an unfit safety fitness 
determination by the FMCSA;
* * * * *

    Issued under the authority delegated in 49 CFR 1.87 on: December 
29, 2015.
T.F. Scott Darling, III,
Acting Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2015-33153 Filed 1-20-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P