[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 145 (Wednesday, July 29, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 45238-45248]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-18468]


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DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

[Docket No. OSHA-2012-0008]


Newport News Shipbuilding; Notice of Application for a Permanent 
Variance and Request for Comments

AGENCY: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Labor.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: In this notice, OSHA announces the application of Newport News 
Shipbuilding for a permanent variance from the OSHA shipyard-employment 
standards that prohibit shipyard employers from permitting workers to 
ride the hook or the load, from swinging or suspending loads over the 
heads of workers, and placing employees in a hazardous position between 
a swinging load and a fixed object while engaged in the construction 
and assembly of modular ship sections.

DATES: Submit comments, information, documents in response to this 
notice, and request for a hearing on or before August 28, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Submit comments by any of the following methods:
    1. Electronically: Submit comments and attachments electronically 
at http://www.regulations.gov, which is the Federal eRulemaking Portal. 
Follow the instructions online for making electronic submissions.
    2. Facsimile: If submissions, including attachments, are not longer 
than 10 pages, commenters may fax them to the OSHA Docket Office at 
(202) 693-1648.
    3. Regular or express mail, hand delivery, or messenger (courier) 
service: Submit comments, requests, and any attachments to the OSHA 
Docket Office, Docket No. OSHA-2012-0008, Technical Data Center, U.S. 
Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Room N-2625, 
Washington, DC 20210; telephone: (202) 693-2350 (TTY number: (877) 889-
5627). Note that security procedures may result in significant delays 
in receiving comments and other written materials by regular mail. 
Contact the OSHA Docket Office for information about security 
procedures concerning delivery of materials by express mail, hand 
delivery, or messenger service. The hours of operation for the OSHA 
Docket Office are 8:15 a.m.-4:45 p.m., e.t.
    4. Instructions: All submissions must include the Agency name and 
the OSHA docket number (OSHA-2012-0008). OSHA places comments and other 
materials, including any personal information, in the public docket 
without revision, and these materials will be available online at 
http://www.regulations.gov. Therefore, the Agency cautions commenters 
about submitting statements they do not want made available to the 
public, or submitting comments that contain personal information 
(either about themselves or others) such as Social Security numbers, 
birth dates, and medical data.
    5. Docket: To read or download submissions or other material in the 
docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov or the OSHA Docket Office at 
the address above. All documents in the docket are listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index; however, some information (e.g., 
copyrighted material) is not publicly available to read or download 
through the Web site. All submissions, including copyrighted material, 
are available for inspection and copying at the OSHA Docket Office. 
Contact the OSHA Docket Office for assistance in locating docket 
submissions.
    6. Extension of comment period: Submit requests for an extension of 
the comment period on or before August 28, 2015 to the Office of 
Technical Programs and Coordination Activities, Directorate of 
Technical Support and Emergency Management, Occupational Safety and 
Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution 
Avenue NW., Room N-3655, Washington, DC 20210, or by fax to (202) 693-
1644.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Information regarding this notice is 
available from the following sources:
    Press inquiries: Contact Mr. Frank Meilinger, Director, OSHA Office 
of Communications, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue 
NW., Room N-3647, Washington, DC 20210; telephone: (202) 693-1999; 
email: [email protected].
    General and technical information: Contact Mr. Kevin Robinson, 
Director, Office of Technical Programs and Coordination Activities, 
Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Occupational 
Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 
Constitution Avenue NW., Room N-3655, Washington, DC 20210; phone: 
(202) 693-2110 or email: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 
    Copies of this Federal Register notice. Electronic copies of this 
Federal Register notice are available at http://www.regulations.gov. 
This Federal Register notice, as well as news releases and other 
relevant information, also are available at OSHA's Web page at http://www.osha.gov.
    Hearing Requests. According to 29 CFR 1905.15, hearing requests 
must include: (1) A short and plain statement detailing how the 
proposed variance would affect the requesting party; (2) a 
specification of any statement or representation in the variance 
application that the commenter denies, and a concise summary of the 
evidence adduced in support of each denial; and (3) any views or 
arguments on any issue of fact or law presented in the variance 
application.

I. Notice of Application

    Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding Inc., 4101 Washington Ave., Newport 
News, Virginia 23607, submitted on October 6, 2009, an application for 
a permanent multi-state variance under Section 6(d) of the Occupational 
Safety and Health Act of 1970 (``OSH Act''; 29 U.S.C. 655) and 29 CFR 
1905.11 (``Variances and other relief under section 6(d)'') (Exhibit 1: 
Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding's original

[[Page 45239]]

variance application dated 10/26/2009). On September 6, 2011, Newport 
News Shipbuilding (NNS), a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries, 
the successor to Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding, submitted an amended 
application for a permanent variance for the Newport News, Virginia, 
facility only (Exhibit 2: NNS's amended variance 
application).1 2 3
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    \1\ Unless stated otherwise, the terms ``variance application'' 
or ``application'' used subsequently in this notice refers to both 
the original (2009) and amended (2011) applications submitted by 
NNS.
    \2\ This address also is the place of employment described in 
the application.
    \3\ Virginia operates its own OSHA-approved occupational safety 
and health plan under Section 18 of the Occupational Safety and 
Health Act (29 U.S.C. 667). Thus, Virginia generally adopts and 
enforces its own occupational safety and health standards. However, 
the Virginia plan does not cover private-sector maritime facilities. 
Accordingly, Federal OSHA retains its authority over occupational 
safety and health matters not covered by the Virginia plan (see 29 
CFR 1952.375(b)(1)), including granting variances from OSHA 
standards applicable to such facilities.
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    NNS seeks a permanent variance from the provisions in OSHA 
shipyard-employment standards that regulate gear and equipment used for 
rigging and materials handling, specifically paragraphs (i), (j), and 
(q) of 29 CFR 1915.116. These provisions prohibit shipyard employers 
from permitting workers to ride the hook or the load, swinging or 
suspending loads over the heads of workers, or placing workers in a 
hazardous position between a swinging load and a fixed object. These 
paragraphs specify the following requirements:
     29 CFR 1915.116(i): Employees shall not be permitted to 
ride the hook or the load.
     29 CFR 1915.116(j): Loads (tools, equipment or other 
materials) shall not be swung or suspended over the heads of employees.
     29 CFR 1915.116(q): At no time shall an employee be 
permitted to place himself in a hazardous position between a swinging 
load and a fixed object.
    In its application, NNS contends that the permanent variance would 
provide its workers with a place of employment that is at least as safe 
and healthful as they would obtain under these standards. NNS certifies 
that it (1) provided the union representative \4\ with a copy of its 
variance application, and (2) notified its workers of the variance 
request by posting a summary of the application at a prominent location 
where it normally posts notices to its workers, and specifying where 
the workers can examine a complete copy of the application. In 
addition, NNS states that it informed workers and the union 
representative of their right to petition the Assistant Secretary of 
Labor for Occupational Safety and Health for a hearing on this variance 
application.
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    \4\ Mr. Arnold D. Outlaw, President, Local 8888, United 
Steelworkers (USW), Newport News, VA.
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II. Supplementary Information

A. Overview

    NNS operates a shipyard in Newport News, Virginia, where it 
designs, builds, overhauls, and repairs a wide variety of ships for the 
U.S. government and navies of other countries. In the course of 
shipbuilding operations, NNS performs many operations that require the 
use of cranes or hoists during the course of vessel construction. Work 
processes include the erection of large modular units that, when 
assembled, comprise a vessel. In exceptional cases, workers may be 
beneath a portion of the unit for brief periods of time. Workers who 
work beneath units primarily remove interferences and ensure proper 
alignment of the units, as discussed below.
    As noted above, Sec.  1915.116(i), (j), and (q) prohibit workers 
from riding the hook or load, working on or under a suspended load, or 
working between a swinging load and a fixed object. However, the 
procedures and equipment used in shipbuilding today differ 
substantially from the procedures and equipment used when OSHA adopted 
these standards in 1982. Shipbuilding is no longer the ``stick 
construction'' industry it was when the standards were promulgated. 
With technological advancements, shipyards today build vessels using 
modular-production methods. Using these methods, shipyards completely 
construct major units of a vessel in modules. These modules include all 
components such as piping, electrical equipment, wiring, machinery, and 
ventilation. Modular-ship sections typically weigh 25 to 400 tons, but 
can weigh more. Generally, NNS uses cranes/hoists to lift and move ship 
sections during the following phases of modular production:
    Phase 1: Fabrication shop/area. In the fabrication shop/area, NNS 
uses cranes/hoists to lift and rotate ship sections to various 
orientations to optimize work quality and productivity.
    Phase 2: Travel from the fabrication shop/area to the ship-assembly 
staging area. In this phase, NNS typically uses one or more cranes/
hoists to move a ship section from the fabrication shop/area, through 
the shipyard, and to the ship-assembly staging area.
    Phase 3: Lifting from the staging area to the ship-assembly 
location (such as a dry dock or marine railway). This phase consists of 
using cranes/hoists for end-to-end installation (involving horizontal 
assembly), stacking installation (involving vertical assembly), or 
inserting installation (involving both horizontal and vertical 
assembly).
     End-to-end installation. This installation involves using 
cranes/hoists to move ship sections for end-to-end mating (horizontal 
assembly) of the sections, with brief worker exposure on or under a 
suspended load, or between a swinging load and a fixed object.
     Stacking installation. In this phase, which involves using 
a crane/hoist to place a ship module on top of another module (vertical 
assembly), it is necessary to have workers work briefly on or under a 
suspended load, or between a swinging load and a fixed object, to 
identify and remove interferences (or obstructions) that preclude 
proper alignment and mating of the sections.
     Inserting installation. These installations involve a 
combination of end-to-end and stacking installations in which NNS uses 
cranes/hoists to both lower and move horizontally ship sections into 
their mating position. For inserting installations, it is necessary to 
have workers work briefly on or under a suspended load, or between a 
swinging load and a fixed object, to identify and remove interferences 
for properly aligning and mating the sections.
    NNS argues that OSHA should grant it a variance from 29 CFR 
1915.116(i), (j), and (q) because modular shipbuilding occasionally 
requires workers to work briefly on or under a suspended load, or 
between a swinging load and a fixed object.
    NNS points to OSHA's past approval of an alternative standard for 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for work 
performed under a suspended load (see Ex. 1, Appendix A). This 
alternative standard, NASA-STD-8719.9, establishes a specific set of 
controls when no alternative to working under a section or module is 
available. The NASA document provides 15 safety and engineering 
requirements that NASA uses in lieu of compliance with 29 CFR 
1910.179(n)(3)(vi), 29 CFR 1910.180(h)(3)(vi), and 29 CFR 
1910.180(h)(4)(ii).

B. NNS's Proposed Alternative to 29 CFR 1915.116(i), (j), and (q)

    As part of its variance application, NNS is proposing an 
alternative means of compliance with the provisions prohibiting work on 
or under a suspended modular-ship section, or between a swinging 
modular-ship

[[Page 45240]]

section and a fixed object. In its variance request, NNS states that 
``[m]odular ship construction and repair techniques require, in rare 
cases, personnel to be under, in, or on such a load as the final fit-up 
of a modular section is made'' (Exhibit 2: NNS's amended variance 
application). NNS asserts that its alternative means of compliance 
would provide equivalent protection with the provisions of the standard 
from which it seeks a variance.
    NNS's application includes a description of the alternate means of 
compliance that it would implement during modular-ship construction and 
structural-repair operations. The protection of workers from exposure 
to the crushing hazards associated with work on or under a suspended 
load, or between a swinging load and a fixed object during the lifting 
phase of modular-ship sections includes the application of significant 
engineering, administrative, coordination, and supervisory controls. 
The variance application further describes ship construction and ship-
repair operations as: Highly engineered; involving tested and certified 
equipment; and including continuous communication and monitoring 
between the workers involved. Hazard analysis, rigging procedures, 
rigging-lifting-plan with associated drawings, and crew briefings are 
among existing modular-ship-section lifting requirements adopted by the 
industry. All workers performing various jobs (e.g., supervisors, 
operators, riggers) receive special training and obtain necessary 
qualifications or certifications. Accordingly, NNS proposes the 
following conditions for its alternative means of compliance:
1. General Conditions and Definition of Suspended Load Operation
    NNS defines a ``suspended-load operation'' as an operation that 
meets the following three criteria:
    (a) Involves the use of a crane or hoist that supports the weight 
of a suspended load, whether the load is static or dynamic, including 
the rigging (i.e., slings, Hydra Sets, lifting fixtures, shackles, 
straps) when attached to the hook (Note: This condition does not apply 
to loads supported entirely by a holding fixture, or blocks, even 
though still attached to the crane and hoist hook);
    (b) When workers involved in the operation have any part of their 
body directly under the suspended load (Note: This condition does not 
apply when workers have their hands on the sides of a load, e.g., to 
guide the load); and
    (c) In the event of a crane or hoist failure, the falling load 
could contact workers working directly under it, with injury or death a 
possible result (Note: This condition does not apply when the falling 
load would push a worker's hand away such that no injury could result, 
or the load would come to rest on a holding fixture or block before 
injuring a worker).
2. Suspended-Load Operations
    NNS proposed to meet the following conditions prior to performing 
suspended-load operations:
    (a) A Registered Professional Engineer familiar with the type of 
equipment used for the suspended-load operations will prepare and sign 
a written hazard analysis for each operation. The hazard analysis will 
provide the following information:
    (i) Justification of why NNS cannot perform the operation without 
workers on or under a suspended load, or between a swinging load and a 
fixed object, including procedural and design options investigated to 
determine if NNS could perform the operation without workers working on 
or under a suspended load, or between a swinging load and a fixed 
object.
    (ii) Detailed description of the precautions taken to protect 
workers should the load shift, move inadvertently or drop. This 
description will include an evaluation of the secondary support system, 
i.e., equipment designed to assume support of (i.e., catch) the load to 
prevent injury to workers should the crane/hoist fail; this description 
will include a determination of the feasibility of using this system 
under the planned lifting conditions. NNS will construct the secondary 
support system in accordance with recognized engineering practices and 
designed with a minimum safety factor of 2 to yield.
    (iii) The maximum number of exposed workers allowed under a load 
suspended from a crane/hoist. In this regard, NNS will limit the number 
of workers working under a load suspended from a crane/hoist. NNS will 
allow only those workers absolutely necessary to perform the operation 
to work in the safety-controlled access area. The rigging-lifting-plan 
drawing(s) will identify the name and exact location of each individual 
worker involved in the suspended-load operation and the drawing will 
ensure that each worker is in the safest location.
    (iv) The time of exposure. NNS will ensure that workers' exposures 
under suspended loads are brief and that they do not remain under the 
load any longer than necessary to complete the work.
    (b) The most senior manager at the site for crane operations and a 
qualified representative of NNS's health and safety department must 
review and approve in writing the suspended-load operation based on a 
detailed hazard analysis and rigging-lifting-plan drawing(s).
    (c) NNS will maintain written, up-to-date procedures that specify 
the minimum requirements for suspended loads. Accordingly, NNS will 
revise the written hazard analysis and the Operational Procedures 
Document (or Lift Plan) (e.g., Operations and Maintenance Instruction, 
Technical Operating Procedure, Work-Authorization Document) to specify 
the necessary additional requirements identified by the hazard analysis 
discussed in Condition 2(b). The procedures will be readily available 
on-site for inspection by workers during the operation at locations 
normally used to post worker information.
    (d) Each suspended-load operation will have a separate hazard 
analysis and rigging-lifting-plan drawing performed and approved. A 
separate hazard analysis is not needed for a limited number of routine 
and repetitive operations for which a rigging-lifting-plan drawing(s) 
and procedures already exist and for which no new hazards are present.
    (e) NNS will design, test, inspect, maintain, and operate each 
crane/hoist used in a suspended-load operation in accordance with OSHA 
standards and internal written procedures.\5\ Registered professional 
engineers will review and certify all aspects of crane/hoist 
operations. NNS will maintain the results of the annual inspections and 
all related documents and make them available to OSHA on request.
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    \5\ NNS designated its internal written suspended-load 
operational procedures as proprietary.
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    (f) Each crane/hoist involved in suspended-load operations will 
undergo a system safety review that uses all documentation available on 
the suspended-load operation, including the hazards analysis and the 
rigging-lifting-plan drawing, and with approval based on a detailed 
analysis of the potential hazards and rationale for acceptance. The 
review will determine single failure points (SFPs) in all critical 
mechanical functional components and support systems in the drive 
trains and critical electrical components.
    (i) For cranes/hoists identified as having no SFPs, but for which 
failure would result in inadvertent movement of the load, the total 
weight of the

[[Page 45241]]

suspended load will not exceed the device's rated load.
    (ii) For cranes/hoists identified as having SFPs the failure of 
which would result in inadvertent movement of the load, the most senior 
manager at the site for crane operations and a qualified representative 
of NNS's health and safety department will approve the use of that 
device for suspended-load operations.
    (g) Before lifting a load during a suspended-load operation, the 
crane/hoist will undergo a visual inspection (without major 
disassembly) of components instrumental in controlling the lift (e.g., 
primary and secondary brake systems, hydraulics, mechanical linkages, 
and wire ropes). The most senior manager at the site for crane 
operations must resolve any potential problems before the operation 
begins. This pre-lift inspection will be in addition to the inspections 
required in Sec.  1910.179(j) and 180(d).
    (h) A trained and qualified operator (e.g., 29 CFR 1926.1427) will 
remain at the crane/hoist controls while workers are under the load.
    (i) Safety-controlled access areas will be established with 
appropriate barriers (rope, cones, safety watches etc.). All non-
essential employees will be required to remain outside the barriers.
    (j) Prior to initiating any suspended-load operation, the most 
senior manager at the site for crane operations or designee (e.g., 
supervisor controlling the lift) will hold a face-to-face meeting of 
all workers involved in the operation to plan and review the approved 
lift plan (operational procedural document), including procedures for 
entering and leaving the safety-controlled access area and the written 
hazard analysis.
    (k) The most senior manager at the site for crane operations or 
designee (e.g., supervisor controlling the lift) will ensure 
communications (i.e., voice, radio, hard-wired, or visual) are 
maintained between the crane/hoist operator(s), signal person(s), and 
any worker on or under the suspended modular-ship section, or between 
the swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object.
    (l) Workers on or under a suspended modular-ship section, or 
between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object, will remain 
in continuous sight of the operator(s) and/or the signal person(s) when 
feasible. When NNS demonstrates that maintaining continuous sight is 
not feasible, these workers must remain in continuous communications 
with the operator and/or signal person.
    (m) Workers will not alter their planned access/egress travel path 
without approval from the most senior manager at the site for crane 
operations or designee (e.g., supervisor controlling the lift), and 
then only after the most senior manager at the site for crane 
operations communicates this change to all workers involved in the 
operation.
    (n) NNS will provide a list of approved suspended-load operations, 
a list of cranes/hoists used for suspended-load operations, and copies 
of the associated hazards analysis to OSHA's Office of Technical 
Programs and Coordination Activities (OTPCA) and the Norfolk Area 
Office within 15 working days after developing these documents.

III. Decision

    After reviewing NNS's amended application, OSHA preliminarily finds 
that NNS developed and proposes to implement engineering and 
administrative controls that appear to effectively control the hazards 
associated with work performed on or under a suspended modular-ship 
section, or between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object 
for brief periods.
    NNS also developed and proposes to implement an alternative means 
of compliance that appears to provide workers with protection that is 
equivalent to the protection afforded to them by the OSHA standards 
that regulate work on or under a suspended load, or between a swinging 
load and a fixed object (see, respectively, 29 CFR 1915.116(i), (j), 
and (q)). This alternative incorporates key elements of a job hazard 
analysis and lift planning, review, and approval to proceed (i.e., 
permitting). The alternative will inform essential and affected 
employees of the steps required to complete suspended-load operations 
safely, including the hazards associated with these operations and the 
methods NNS will apply during each step to control the hazards (e.g., 
secondary support systems, inspection of hoisting and rigging 
equipment, use of safety-controlled access areas, and specially trained 
and qualified workers).
    In addition, NNS developed and proposes to implement a worker-
training program to instruct affected and essential employees in the 
hazards associated with performing lifting and rigging operations.
    OSHA recognized and addressed the need to work on or under a 
suspended load, or between a swinging load and a fixed object, when it 
granted NASA an alternative standard (Ex. 1). The alternative standard 
permitted NASA to expose its workers to these conditions when it 
complied with specific OSHA standards such as the construction hoisting 
and rigging standard (29 CFR 1926.753) and the conditions of the 
alternate standard (see Appendix A of NASA-STD-8719.9, NASA Standard 
for Lifting Devices and Equipment (in Ex. 1). NNS is proposing to adopt 
and implement the conditions of NASA's alternate standard for its 
suspended-load operations.
    Based on a review of available information and NNS's variance 
application, OSHA made a number of additions and revisions to the 
application that it believes are necessary to protect NNS's workers 
involved in suspended-load operations. The following items describe 
these additions and revisions:
    1. OSHA bases the scope of the revised variance application 
primarily on the scope specified in NNS's application. OSHA expanded 
the scope to include the types of modular-section lifts made from the 
Lift Staging Area (described earlier in this notice as Phase 3 of 
modular ship section lifts) to a ship and to describe the types of 
lifting operations excluded from the scope of the application. The 
expanded scope serves to increase worker protection from exposure to 
crushing hazards associated with work on or under a suspended modular-
ship section, or between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed 
object, by providing precise identification and description of the 
limited circumstances under which the variance conditions would apply.
    2. OSHA added a section to the application that defined the terms 
``essential employee,'' ``modular-ship section,'' ``safety-controlled 
access area,'' and ``suspended-load operation'' based on NNS's use of 
these terms in its variance application (Exhibit 2: NNS's amended 
variance application). OSHA defined the terms ``competent person'' and 
``qualified person, employee, or worker'' based on existing OSHA 
standards. OSHA added a definition for ``lift incident'' based on 
conditions the Agency added to the variance. OSHA added a definitions 
section because it believes the definition will enhance the NNS's and 
its workers' understanding of the conditions specified by the variance, 
thereby enhancing worker safety and health.
    3. OSHA defines a number of abbreviations to the variance 
application. OSHA added these definitions to clarify the abbreviations 
and standardize their usage, thereby enhancing NNS's and its workers' 
understanding of the conditions specified by the variance application, 
thereby enhancing their safety and health.

[[Page 45242]]

    4. OSHA added a condition requiring the use of properly engineered 
lashing material to ensure that suspended loads do not inadvertently 
move or fall from cranes/hoists. This addition will enhance worker 
safety and health by ensuring that lashing material is strong enough to 
prevent the load from dropping and injuring workers.
    5. As part of the safety and engineering criteria, NNS proposed the 
development of a written hazard analysis in its application, and OSHA 
added a condition to this proposal that NNS perform a Failure Modes and 
Effects Analysis (FMEA) and approval to identify potential single point 
failures. Such analysis serves to further minimize the potential for 
inadvertent movement of the suspended load during modular-ship section 
lifts. This addition will minimize worker exposure to crushing hazards 
during modular-ship section lifts.
    6. OSHA added a condition that the most senior manager at the site 
for crane operations approve in writing the written hazard analysis and 
rigging-lifting-plan drawings to ensure that these documents are 
technically accurate and reflect the knowledge and best practices of 
those responsible for supervising suspended-load operations.\6\
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    \6\ The hazard analysis and rigging-lifting-plan drawings will 
protect worker safety and health by making NNS plan suspended-load 
operations, anticipate hazards beforehand, and place workers at 
locations to minimize their exposure to hazards.
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    7. NNS proposed to implement a system-safety review to determine 
SFPs. OSHA added the clarification to the variance application that a 
registered professional engineer (PE) must perform this review using a 
FMEA. This addition will ensure that NNS conducts the system-safety 
review according to professional standards. OSHA also clarified that 
the FMEA should include any weight calculations or structural analysis 
performed during the review. The FMEA will protect worker safety and 
health by accurately and reliably identifying potential crane/hoist 
failures that might result in inadvertent movement of the suspended 
load, thereby endangering workers near this equipment.
    8. NNS proposed in its application to develop an Operational 
Procedural Document. OSHA added a condition to the application 
requiring that the most senior manager at the site for crane operations 
(for example, the supervisor controlling the lift) review the Lift Plan 
with essential employees to ensure that these workers are familiar with 
and thoroughly understand the procedures governing the suspended-load 
operations. The Lift Plan will enhance worker safety and health by 
ensuring that suspended-load operations occur according to procedures 
planned in advance to minimize hazards.
    9. OSHA added a condition requiring that NNS implement procedures 
to control hazards from unplanned or unforeseen activities that were 
not included in the initial planning of the modular-ship section lift 
operations and not covered by the initial procedural documents (such as 
lift plan, hazard analysis, and rigging/lifting drawing(s)). This 
condition will require NNS to develop the Operational Procedural 
Document to cover the unplanned activities in order to protect worker 
safety and health by reducing the probability of worker exposure to 
unanticipated hazards.
    10. NNS proposed a case-by-case review of planned suspended-load 
operations that follow the set of safety and engineering criteria 
(described by this condition). OSHA added to this condition that a 
senior crane operations manager and a health and safety representative 
must perform this review following development of the Operational 
Procedural Document. This addition will enhance worker safety and 
health by ensuring that knowledgeable company officials responsible for 
suspended-load operations conduct the review.
    11. NNS proposed a condition addressing use of the Operational 
Procedural Document, and OSHA added to this condition requirements that 
NNS: comply with a program operated by an accredited agency under 
OSHA's Gear Certification program (29 CFR part 1919); use registered 
PE-designed pad-eye connection points; comply with nationally 
recognized non-destructive testing methods; \7\ and provide drawings to 
document hoisting and rigging equipment design specifications. These 
additions will protect worker safety and health by ensuring all 
equipment used for suspended-load operations will be of suitable 
quality and design.
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    \7\ For example, ASTM E164-13 Standard Practice for Contact 
Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments.
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    12. NNS proposed a pre-lift inspection in its application. OSHA 
added a condition to this proposal requiring that safety devices be 
operational during any lifts conducted during the pre-lift inspections. 
This addition will increase worker protection during pre-lift 
inspections.
    13. OSHA added a condition specifying that NNS develop a written 
checklist to document the identification and removal of interferences 
to proper mating and unnecessary or unsecured items. The inspection 
using this checklist must be conducted by a qualified employee(s) 
before the suspended-load operation begins. This condition will protect 
worker safety and health by reducing the time workers spend under the 
suspended load removing interferences to proper mating, and eliminating 
the need for workers to remove unsecured items while exposed to a 
suspended load.
    14. Another condition added by OSHA requires that that NNS conduct 
a test lift before beginning each suspended-load operation. The test 
lift will protect worker safety and health by ensuring that equipment, 
including the rigging and crane/hoist systems, is in working order for 
the lift, thus minimizing the possibility of worker harm resulting from 
equipment failure.
    15. NNS proposed a condition specifying that a trained and 
qualified operator remain at the crane/hoist controls while workers are 
on or under a suspended load, or between a swinging load and a fixed 
object. OSHA added a condition requiring that the operator not initiate 
movement while workers are on or under a suspended load, or between a 
swinging load and a fixed object, and that NNS use safety devices such 
as brakes, dogs or stops to further ensure that no such movement takes 
place. This added condition will protect workers from the hazards 
associated with inadvertent movement of suspended loads.
    16. In its application, NNS proposed the use of safety-controlled 
access areas where all non-essential employees must remain outside the 
controlled access areas during modular-ship section load operations. 
This requirement will protect workers by minimizing the number of 
workers exposed to this hazard.
    17. OSHA added the prohibition of working under, in or on suspended 
loads requirement to limit the presence of essential employees to 
adjusting chain falls, making initial connections or confirming 
clearances between hull structures and outfitting systems. This 
requirement protects workers by minimizing worker exposure to the 
hazards of working under, in, or on suspended loads.
    18. OSHA added a condition that NNS train workers (including, but 
not limited to, current and newly assigned to be involved in modular-
ship section load operations, qualified, and essential employees) to 
recognize hazards associated with work under, in or on suspended 
modular-ship section loads and associated hazard-control methods which 
minimize their risk of harm during these operations. This added

[[Page 45243]]

condition includes refresher training to ensure that workers retain 
knowledge of the hazards and associated control methods or update this 
knowledge as changes occur in hazard-control technology, methods, and 
procedures. Finally, the added condition requires NNS to document the 
training to provide a means of tracking the training received by 
workers and, consequently, to prompt NNS to update that training if 
necessary.
    19. NNS proposed a pre-job briefing requirement in its variance 
application, and OSHA clarified this condition by specifying that: The 
pre-job briefing include all workers involved in the suspended-load 
operation, both essential and non-essential employees; NNS document 
worker attendance at the briefing using a signed roster; and the 
briefing address the rigging-lifting drawing(s). This clarification 
will protect workers by refreshing their knowledge of procedures just 
before the suspended-load operation begins.
    20. NNS proposed having continuous communication during suspended-
load operations, and OSHA revised the condition by specifying that 
suspended-load operations must cease upon loss of communications. This 
requirement will protect workers by minimizing their exposure to 
hazards during communications failure.
    21. In its application, NNS proposed that workers remain in 
continuous sight of the operator(s) and/or signal person(s) when 
feasible during suspended-load operations. OSHA clarified this 
condition by specifying that all essential employees must remain in 
continuous sight and/or be in communication with the most senior 
manager at the site for crane operations or designee (e.g., supervisor 
controlling the lift) because this manager must account for all workers 
involved in the operation to ensure that no worker is in harm's way.
    22. OSHA added a condition that the crane/hoist operator would have 
to lower the suspended load to the ground or other supporting 
structure, or the most senior manager at the site for crane operations 
or designee (e.g., supervisor controlling the lift) would have to 
cordon off the site of the crane/hoist operation, if NNS postpones or 
discontinues a lift. If the load remains suspended after postponing or 
discontinuing a lift, the crane/hoist operator would have to remain on 
duty. This condition would reduce workers' exposure to the suspended-
load hazard by ensuring that the crane/hoist operator remains in 
control of the suspended load should workers be in the vicinity of the 
load.
    23. Another condition added by OSHA requires a post-lift review of 
the suspended-load operation. This condition would protect workers by 
assisting NNS in identifying shortcomings in the suspended-load 
program.
    24. NNS proposed to develop a listing of the modular-ship section 
lift operations (suspended-load operations) scheduled to be performed 
during each quarter. OSHA is clarifying this condition by specifying 
that by the 15th calendar day of each new quarter NNS would have to 
prepare a list of planned modular-ship section lifts to be performed 
during the upcoming quarter (including the cranes/hoists used for 
suspended-load operations, the date and time of the operation, 
associated hazard analysis completed, and the calculated weight of each 
lift), and update the list when significant changes occur. OSHA also 
specified that workers and their representatives would have access to 
the list, and by January 15th of each year, NNS would have to provide 
to the Norfolk Area Office and OSHA's Office of Technical Programs and 
Coordination Activities a copy of the list. The list requirement 
enhances worker safety by ensuring that NNS and workers have the most 
recent information on each modular-ship section lift in advance of its 
being performed so they have an opportunity to review and become 
familiar with the operation's potential hazards and planned hazard 
mitigation strategies.
    25. OSHA added a condition requiring that NNS conduct an 
investigation of all lift incidents related to suspended-load 
operations. This condition would protect workers by ensuring that NNS 
investigates such incidents and take actions necessary to prevent a 
recurrence.
    26. OSHA included a records-management condition that would assist 
the Agency in monitoring and enforcing the variance conditions. This 
requirement will protect workers by ensuring that NNS implements and 
maintains these conditions.
    27. OSHA also added a condition that requires NNS to provide the 
Agency with up-to-date information regarding its corporate status. This 
information would permit OSHA to monitor and enforce the conditions to 
the benefit of NNS's workers.

IV. Specific Conditions of the Variance Application

    After reviewing the evidence described above, OSHA preliminarily 
determined that the proposed conditions would provide a place of 
employment as safe and healthful as that provided by the standards from 
which NNS is requesting a variance, notably 29 CFR 1915.116(i), (j), 
and (q). Therefore, pursuant to the provisions of 29 CFR 1905.11(c), 
OSHA is announcing NNS's application for a permanent variance and is 
seeking public comment on this application. The application includes 
the following conditions:

A. Application

    Except for the requirements specified by Sec.  1915.116(i), (j), 
and (q), Newport News Shipbuilding would have to comply fully with all 
other safety and health provisions that are applicable to shipyard 
employment when implementing the permanent variance.

B. Scope

    1. The variance would only apply to operations that satisfy all of 
the following:
    (a) the operations are performed by Newport News Shipbuilding 
employees during modular-ship section construction and structural-
repair operations at the company's Newport News, Virginia, facility;
    (b) the operations involve lifting modular-ship sections from the 
lift-staging area to a ship during one of the following assembly 
phases:
    (i) ``End-to-End'' (horizontal) assembly of modular-ship sections;
    (ii) ``Stacking'' (vertical) assembly of modular-ship sections; or
    (iii) ``Inserting'' (combined vertical/horizontal) assembly of 
modular-ship sections.
    (c) the workers exposed to the hazards of the lift are those 
supporting modular-ship section lifts and essential employees working 
on or under a suspended modular-ship section, or between a swinging 
modular-ship section and a fixed object, during vessel assembly, 
repair, overhaul, and removal of interferences (or obstructions) that 
preclude proper alignment and mating of sections (fit-up); and
    (d) Workers are exposed to the hazards of the lift only for a brief 
period of time.
    2. The variance would not cover:
    (a) Lifting modular-ship sections in the fabrication (assembly) 
shop or area;
    (b) Transporting modular-ship sections from the fabrication 
(assembly) shop or area to the lift-staging area;
    (c) Lifting structures or equipment onto a ship's deck; and
    (d) Loads consisting of tools, equipment, or other materials.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ In sum, Condition B.2 specifies that there would be no 
instances of workers working on or under a suspended modular-ship 
section, or between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed 
object, at the assembly shop or area, or while traveling with a 
suspended load through the shipyard.


[[Page 45244]]


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    Note:  Under Condition B.1.c, if engineering calculations show 
that failure of the crane/hoist or rigging during the lifting 
process could dislodge the ship from its supporting blocks (e.g., 
keel blocks, bilge blocks), then all workers, other than those 
essential to the modular-ship section alignment and mating 
operation, must vacate the ship while the modular ship-section is 
suspended during the lifting process. Example: When lifting a 
superstructure onto the main deck of a vessel under construction, 
should the load fall between the dry dock and ship, then the ship 
could dislodge from the supporting blocks; therefore, all workers 
other than those essential to the lift would have to vacate the 
vessel during the suspended-load operation.

C. Definitions

    The following definitions would apply to the permanent variance, 
and do not necessarily apply in other contexts:
    1. Affected employee--a Newport News Shipbuilding employee having a 
direct or supporting role in completing a suspended modular-ship 
section lift operation (including workers performing tasks such as 
crane operator, signal person, supervisor).
    2. Brief period of time--a limited amount of very short duration 
that is necessary for employees to work under, in or on the load for 
the purposes of alignment or positioning only. This will be limited to 
the amount of time necessary to perform the alignment or positioning 
operation, or 15 minutes, whichever is less.
    3. Competent person--one who is capable of identifying existing and 
predictable hazards in the surrounding or working conditions that are 
unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authority 
to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ Adapted from 29 CFR 1926.32(f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    4. Essential employee--a Newport News Shipbuilding employee 
required to work under, in or on a suspended modular-ship section, or 
between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object, while 
ensuring the proper alignment and mating of modular-ship sections. 
Examples of work activities performed by essential employees include, 
but are not limited to: adjusting chain falls; confirming clearances 
between hull structures and outfitting systems; identifying and 
removing interferences; and aligning and mating the section to a ship.
    5. Lift incident--an unplanned event or series of events that 
resulted in a work-related recordable injury or illness, or caused or 
could cause harm to a worker (includes near-miss events).\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ See 29 CFR 1904 (Recording and Reporting Occupational 
Injuries and Illnesses) (http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9631); recordkeeping 
forms and instructions (http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/RKform300pkg-fillable-enabled.pdf*); and updates to OSHA's 
recordkeeping rule and Web page ((79 FR 56130); (http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/index.html).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    6. Lift Plan--a set of written documents that specify the core 
requirements for completing a suspended modular-ship section lift. The 
following are examples of documents included in a lift plan: 
Engineering design; engineering hazard analysis; rigging and lifting 
drawings; crane, rigging and other lift support equipment inspection; 
operation and maintenance instructions; technical operating procedures; 
and work review, justification, and authorization documents. The 
documents included in a lift plan are collectively also known as the 
operational procedural document.
    7. Modular-ship section--a ship block, section, or module that 
includes a portion of two or more of the following structures: deck, 
bulkhead, overhead, or hull.
    8. Qualified person--one who, by possession of a recognized degree, 
certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, 
training, and experience, successfully demonstrated an ability to solve 
or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the 
project.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Adapted from 29 CFR 1926.32(m).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    9. Rigging-lifting-plan drawing--a sketch of the rigging used 
whenever essential employees perform a suspended modular-ship section 
lift by working under, in or on a suspended load, or between a swinging 
load and a fixed object. The sketch is required to include the 
following essential information concerning the planned lift: (1) The 
number and location of essential employees that are to be on or under 
the load; (2) a pictorial illustration of the rigging configuration 
with size of all rigging components including load attachment points; 
(3) load identification, unit number or description; (4) weight of the 
load; (5) gear capacity and asset (crane) number/hook capacity; and (6) 
approval line.
    10. Safety-controlled access area--a work area with controlled 
access. The periphery of the safety-controlled access area must:
    (a) Be well defined and easily recognizable;
    (b) Have means to keep unauthorized personnel out of the zone such 
as appropriate barriers (e.g., rope, cones, safety watches);
    (c) Extend a safe distance beyond the radius of the crane when at 
its maximum extended lifting position as determined by a hazard 
analysis; and
    (d) Monitored and controlled by a competent person.
    11. Single failure point (SFP) - identification of the critical 
components of the crane/hoist system involved in a suspended-load 
operation such that malfunction of any single component would provoke a 
total systems failure.
    12. Suspended modular-ship-section operation - an operation that 
meets all three of the following criteria:
    (a) The operation involves the use of a crane/hoist or cranes/
hoists that support the weight of a suspended modular-ship section, 
with no distinction made between static and dynamic loads. The load 
consists of all associated rigging equipment, including slings, Hydra 
Sets, lifting lugs, shackles, and straps, when attached to the crane 
hook; \12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ This condition does not apply to loads supported entirely 
by a holding fixture or blocks even though still attached to the 
crane and hoist hook.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) When workers involved in the operation have any part of their 
body directly under the suspended load; \13\ and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ This condition does not apply when workers have their hands 
on the sides of a load, e.g., to guide the load.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) In the event of a crane or hoist failure (including a rigging 
failure), the falling load could contact workers working directly 
beneath it, with injury or death as a possible result.\14\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ This condition does not apply when the falling load would 
push a worker's hand away such that no injury could result, or the 
load would come to rest on a holding fixture or block before 
injuring a worker.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Abbreviations

    Abbreviations used throughout the permanent variance would include:

1. CSP--Certified safety professional
2. FMEA--Failure modes and effects analysis
3. JHA--Job-hazard analysis
4. NASA--National Aeronautics and Space Administration
5. NNS--Newport News Shipbuilding
6. OSHA--Occupational Safety and Health Administration
7. PE--Professional engineer
8. SFP--Single failure point

E. Engineering-Review Requirements

    1. Hazard-avoidance protocol. Using a hazard-avoidance protocol, 
NNS would have to design hazards out of the suspended-load operations 
covered by the permanent variance to the greatest extent possible. 
Accordingly, NNS would:

[[Page 45245]]

    (a) Have to engineer, design, install, and operate all future 
systems, hardware, and equipment associated with these operations to 
prevent exposing workers to the hazards associated with working under, 
in or on a suspended modular-ship section, or between a swinging 
modular-ship section and a fixed object, unless NNS demonstrates that 
doing so is technically infeasible;
    (b) Perform an operation in which employees work under, in or on a 
suspended modular-ship section, or work between a swinging modular-ship 
section and a fixed object, only under specifically approved and 
controlled conditions; and
    (c) Perform the operation specified under Condition E.1.b above 
only after meeting all the review, approval, documentation, and special 
requirements.
    2. Use of properly engineered lashing materials.
    (a) When the operation specified under Condition E.1.b above 
involves the use of a crane/hoist that supports the weight of a 
modular-ship section, NNS would have to use properly engineered lashing 
materials \15\ capable of lifting, moving, and suspending the entire 
weight of the load; and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ Used in accordance with the applicable provisions of 29 CFR 
1915 Subpart G--Gear and Equipment for Rigging and Material 
Handling.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) NNS would have to conduct a detailed weight calculation in 
determining whether the lashing material can support the requisite 
weight of the load, considering the duration of maintaining the load in 
a safe condition in the event of loss of continuous communication, and 
paying special consideration to environmental factors that may affect 
the load (e.g., water retention, snow, ice).
    3. Engineering-hazard analysis.
    (a) The most senior manager at the site for crane operations 
specified in paragraph E.1.b above must approve suspended modular-ship 
section load operations in writing based on: a detailed written hazard 
analysis, a rigging-lifting-plan, and a supporting drawing of the 
operation;
    (b) NNS would have to ensure that the:
    (i) Responsible crane-operations organization prepares the written 
engineering-hazards analysis under the direction of the most senior 
manager at the site for crane operations; and
    (ii) Qualified representatives of NNS' engineering offices and the 
health and safety department review this analysis and indicate approval 
by signing the analysis;
    (c) The engineering-hazard analysis would have to be in writing and 
include:
    (i) A justification specifying why NNS cannot conduct the operation 
without its employees working under, in, or on suspended modular-ship 
sections, or between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed 
object, with this justification describing the procedures and design 
options NNS considered in determining that it could not conduct the 
operation without its employees working under, in, or on a suspended 
modular-ship section, or working between a swinging modular-ship 
section and a fixed object;
    (ii) Details of the engineering controls taken to prevent the 
modular-ship sections from moving or shifting when employees are under, 
in, or on a suspended modular-ship section or between a swinging 
modular-ship section and a fixed object, including the evaluation of 
testing and safety devices used for this purpose;
    4. Secondary support systems. NNS would have to design any 
secondary support systems used during the operation specified in 
Condition E.1.b above in accordance with recognized engineering 
practices and designed with a minimum safety factor of 2 to yield.

F. Limiting Employee Hazard Exposure

    NNS would have to limit employee exposure to the hazards of working 
under, in, or on a suspended modular-ship section, or between a 
swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object by:
    1. Establishing a safety-controlled access area, taking into 
account the swing radius of the crane;
    2. Allowing only essential personnel in the safety-controlled 
access area;
    3. Ensuring that the rigging-lifting-plan drawings identify by name 
the exact location of each essential employee allowed in the safety-
controlled access area and the location of that employee in the area;
    4. Ensuring that each essential employee allowed in the safety-
controlled access area is in the safest location possible for 
performing the work;
    5. Ensuring that each essential employee moves to and from the work 
location using the safest route possible, and remains at that location 
only long enough to complete the work;
    6. Verifying in writing that procedures are in place to prevent 
movement or shifting of the suspended modular-ship section when 
essential employees are under, in, or on a suspended modular-ship 
section, or between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object; 
and
    7. Ensuring that a crane operator who meets the requirements of 29 
CFR 1926.1427 and 1926.1430 is operating the crane used to suspend the 
modular-ship section while essential employees are working under, in, 
or on a suspended modular-ship section, or between a swinging modular-
ship section and a fixed object.

G. Job-Hazard Analysis and Rigging-Lifting Drawings

    Each operation specified under Condition E.1.b above would have a 
separate written job-hazard analysis that includes a detailed rigging 
specification drawing(s) and a detailed lifting plan drawing(s) 
approved and signed by the most senior manager at the site for crane 
operations. A separate hazard analysis is not needed for routine and 
repetitive operations where a rigging-lifting-plan drawing(s) and 
procedures already exist and where no new hazards are present.

H. Failure-Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Approval

    1. Each crane involved in an operation specified under Condition 
E.1.b above would undergo a FMEA approved in writing by a Registered 
Professional Engineer.
    2. The FMEA would:
    (a) Determine SFPs by assessing the rigging equipment and all 
critical mechanical functional components and support systems in the 
drive trains and critical electrical components of the crane; and
    (b) Include weight calculations and any structural analysis deemed 
necessary by the Registered Professional Engineer responsible for 
approving the FMEA.
    3. For cranes and rigging equipment identified as not having any 
SFPs, the failure of which would result in movement of the modular-ship 
section, the total weight of the suspended modular-ship section load 
would not exceed the crane's rated load.
    4. For those cranes and rigging equipment identified as having an 
SFP, the failure of which would result in movement of the modular-ship 
section, the most senior manager at the site for crane operations and a 
qualified representative of the health and safety department would have 
to approve in writing use of the crane and rigging equipment for an 
operation specified under Condition E.1.b above after reviewing all the 
documentation required by this order that addresses the operation, 
including the FMEA.

[[Page 45246]]

I. Operational Procedural Document (Lift Plan)

    NNS would have to:
    1. Develop and maintain written procedures that specify the 
requirements for an operation specified under Condition E.1.b above.
    2. Revise the written detailed job-hazard analysis, rigging-
lifting-plan drawing(s), and the operational-procedures documents 
(e.g., operations and maintenance instruction, technical operating 
procedure, work authorization document, FMEA) to specify any additional 
requirements identified by the job-hazard analysis.
    3. Review any revisions made under Condition I.2 above with 
essential employees and make these revisions available on-site during 
an operation specified by Condition E.1.b above for inspection by 
affected employees, employee representatives, or OSHA personnel.

J. New or Unforeseen Work Activity

    During an operation under Condition E.1.b above, if a new or 
unforeseen work activity or circumstance not covered by the original 
operational-procedural documents (e.g., job-hazard analysis, rigging-
lifting-plan drawing(s), operations and maintenance instruction, 
technical operating procedure, work authorization document, FMEA) 
arises, then NNS would have to:
    1. Immediately stop the lift and lower the modular-ship section to 
the ground or other supporting structure;
    2. Before continuing the operation, obtain approval in writing from 
the most senior manager at the site for crane operation and the health 
and safety department to revise the operations; and
    3. Before repeating the operation on a subsequent occasion, prepare 
revised operational-procedures documents (e.g., job-hazard analysis, 
rigging-lifting-plan drawing(s), operations and maintenance 
instruction, technical operating procedure, work authorization 
document, and FMEA) and obtain the approvals required of these 
documents.

K. Operational Requirements

    1. A Registered Professional Engineer would have to develop and 
approve inspection, testing, and maintenance procedures, and competent 
persons would have to perform the procedures and resolve noted 
discrepancies.
    2. An independent third-party such as an accredited agency under 
OSHA's Gear Certification program (29 CFR 1919) would have to inspect 
all cranes and rigging equipment not more than one year before the 
modular-ship section lift being performed, and NNS would have to 
maintain the inspection results, and make them available to OSHA upon 
request.
    3. The engineers who design the modular-ship section subject to the 
operation specified under Condition E.1.b above would have to design or 
approve the pad-eye (lifting-lugs) connection points on the section, 
and specify the size (length and diameter) of wire-rope slings that 
would lift, move, and handle the section.
    4. Before using lifting pad-eyes and other welded lifting 
connection points in the operation, NNS would have to perform non-
destructive tests on these pad-eyes and connections according to 
nationally recognized non-destructive testing methods.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ See footnote 7.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    5. NNS would have to:
    (a) Document the design specifications pertinent to the operation 
on engineering drawings;
    (b) Ensure that these drawing accompany the modular-ship section 
during an operation specified under Condition E.1.b above; and
    (c) Make the drawings available to the crane foreman/supervisor.

L. Pre-Lift Inspections and Test Lift \17\
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    \17\ NNS must perform the pre-lift inspections specified below 
in addition to the inspections required by Sec. Sec.  1910.179(j), 
.180(d), and 1915.111, which apply to cranes in maritime facilities 
(see 1910.5). The pre-lift inspection and test is in addition to the 
inspections and/or testing required by other safety procedures or 
daily operator checks specified under these conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1. Before lifting the modular-ship section involved in an operation 
specified under Condition E.1.b above, the components of the crane and 
rigging equipment involved in lifting the load would have to undergo a 
visual inspection (without major disassembly, and documented with a 
written checklist).
    2. NNS would have to resolve any discrepancies identified in this 
visual inspection before initiating an operation.
    3. Before lifting modular-ship sections for assembly with the ship, 
a qualified person(s) would have to:
    (a) Perform an inspection to identify and remove interferences to 
proper mating; and
    (b) Use a written checklist to document the inspection, including 
the removal of litter, tools, and any other unnecessary or unsecured 
equipment or items.
    4. Before initiating an operation specified under Condition E.1.b 
above, NNS would have to:
    (a) Conduct a test lift that consists of lifting the modular-ship 
section one to three feet above the lift staging area for five minutes; 
and
    (b) Ensure that all safety devices identified in the modular-ship 
section lift plan are operational during the test lift.

M. Crane Operator

    1. NNS would ensure that the crane operator who meets the 
requirements of 29 CFR 1926.1427 and 1926.1430 remains at the crane 
controls at all times during an operation specified under Condition 
E.1.b above.
    2. Unless specifically authorized and required by the lift plan, 
the operator would:
    (a) Not initiate movement of the suspended modular-ship section 
while an employee(s) is under, in, or on a modular-ship section, or 
between a swinging load and a fixed object,
    (b) Engage all safety devices such as brakes, dogs, or stops in 
accordance with the lifting plan when an employee(s) is under, in, or 
on a modular-ship section, or between a swinging load and a fixed 
object.

N. Safety-Controlled Access Areas

    NNS would have to:
    1. Establish safety-controlled access areas for all operations 
specified by Condition E.1.b above.
    2. Ensure that all non-essential personnel remain outside the 
safety-controlled access areas.

    Note:  When engaged in an operation specified under Condition 
E.1.b above, if engineering calculations show that a failure of the 
crane or rigging during the lifting process could result in 
dislodging the ship from its supporting blocks (e.g., keel blocks, 
bilge blocks), then all personnel, other than essential employees 
necessary for aligning and mating the modular-ship section, must 
vacate the ship during the operation and remain outside the safety-
controlled access area. Example: When lifting a superstructure onto 
the main deck of a vessel under construction, dropping the load 
between the dry dock and ship could knock the ship off of the 
supporting blocks; therefore, all workers other than essential 
employees required to align and mate the modular-ship section to the 
ship must vacate the vessel and remain outside the safety-controlled 
access area during the operation.

O. Working Under, In, or On Suspended Modular-Ship Section, or Working 
Between a Swinging Modular-Ship Section and a Fixed Object

    1. NNS's essential employees may be under, in, or on a suspended 
modular-ship section, or between a swinging modular-ship section and a 
fixed object, only while ensuring the proper alignment and mating of 
modular-ship sections. Examples of work activities

[[Page 45247]]

include, but are not limited to: adjusting chain falls, confirming 
clearances between hull structures and outfitting systems, identifying 
and removing interferences, and aligning and mating the section to a 
ship.
    2. Only essential employees authorized by the most senior manager 
at the site for crane operations (e.g., rigging foreman or supervisor) 
may be under, in, or on a suspended modular-ship section, or between a 
swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object.

P. Training

    1. NNS would have to develop and implement a worker training 
program to instruct affected employees in the:
    (a) Hazards associated with performing work under, in, or on 
suspended modular-ship section, or between a swinging modular-ship 
section and a fixed object; and
    (b) The controls mandated to protect affected employees from these 
hazards.
    2. NNS would have to train and instruct the crane foreman/
supervisor to strictly adhere to the lift plan and the rigging 
specifications on the approved drawings.
    3. NNS would have to develop and implement a refresher training 
program, conducted periodically and as necessary, for all employees 
working under, in, or on suspended modular-ship section, or between a 
swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object. At a minimum, the 
refresher training would:
    (a) Consist of a lift briefing;
    (b) Review each employee's responsibilities; and
    (c) Take place before initiating the operation.
    4. NNS would have to document all training provided under the 
permanent variance, and maintain training records as specified below 
under Condition U.2.a.

Q. Briefing

    Prior to conducting an operation in which its employees work under, 
in, or on suspended modular-ship section, or between a swinging 
modular-ship section and a fixed object, NNS would have to:
    1. Hold the briefing with all affected employees having a direct or 
supporting role in the operation (including workers and/or contractors 
performing tasks such as crane operator, signal person, essential 
employees, supervisors), to review the operational procedures involved 
in the operation, including procedures for entering and leaving the 
safety-controlled access area;
    2. Use the written job-hazard analysis and rigging-lifting-plan 
drawing(s) during the briefing to supplement the information;
    3. Cover all safety considerations;
    4. Ensure that the employees understand the information provided at 
the briefing; and
    5. Document the briefing using a signed roster of attendees, and 
maintain the roster as specified at Condition U.2.a.

R. Continuous Communication

    NNS would have to:
    1. Maintain communications (voice, radio, hard wired, or visual) 
between the crane/hoist operator(s), signal person(s), and employees 
working under, in, or on the suspended modular-ship section, or between 
a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object, at all times;
    2. Upon losing communications, stop the operation immediately, 
inform employees of the problem, ensure that the employees exit the 
safety-controlled access area, and that the modular-ship section is in 
a safe condition (e.g., prevented from inadvertent movement or shifting 
while suspended or returned to the lift staging area if restoring 
communications takes longer than the load can remain safely suspended 
as determined in Condition E.2.b above); and
    3. Commence the operation only after restoring communications and 
informing the affected employees about what action NNS is taking to 
avoid a reoccurrence.

S. Continuous Visual Observation

    The most senior manager at the site for crane operations or 
designee (e.g., supervisor controlling the lift) must have continuous 
sight of and be in constant visual communication with, any essential 
employees working under, in, or on a suspended modular-ship section, or 
between a swinging modular-ship section and a fixed object.

T. Post-Lift Review and Incident Investigations

    1. Post-lift review. NNS would have to conduct and document a post-
lift review for each operation involving a suspended modular-ship 
section, including the identification of any incident that occurred 
during the operation.
    2. Lift-incident investigation. NNS would have to investigate each 
lift incident. In doing so, NNS would have to:
    (a) Initiate the investigation within 8 hours of the lift incident 
or 8 hours after becoming aware of the incident;
    (b) Have a competent person(s) with expertise in the hazards 
associated with the operations involved in the incident conduct the 
investigation;
    (c) Have the investigator(s) prepare a written report at the 
conclusion of the investigation which includes, at a minimum, the date 
of the incident, the date the investigation began, the date of the 
report, the location of the incident, the equipment or processes 
involved, a description of the incident, the root cause, the 
contributing factors, and any corrective actions resulting from the 
investigation (the completed OSHA 301 Incident Report form may be used 
for this purpose); \18\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ See footnote 10.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Provide a copy of the report to OSHA's Norfolk Area Office and 
OTPCA at OSHA's National Office within 15 calendar days of the incident 
or 15 calendar days after becoming aware of the incident;
    (e) Within 15 calendar days of completing the incident report, 
address the findings of the report and implement corrective actions;
    (f) Document in writing the corrective actions taken;
    (g) Review the findings of the report and corrective actions taken 
with all affected workers; and
    (h) Provide certification to OSHA's Norfolk Area Office and OTPCA 
at OSHA's National Office within 15 calendar days of completing the 
incident report, that the employer informed affected workers of the 
incident and the results of the incident investigation (including the 
root cause determination and preventive and corrective actions 
identified and implemented).

U. Records

    1. By the 15th calendar day of each new quarter, NNS would have to 
prepare a list of planned modular-ship section lifts to be performed 
during the upcoming quarter (including the cranes/hoists used, the date 
and time of the operation, associated hazard analysis completed, and 
the calculated weight of the lift), and update the list when 
significant changes occur. NNS would have to:
    (a) Make this document available for inspection by affected 
employees, employee representatives, and OSHA upon request; and
    (b) By January 15 of each year, NNS would have to provide to the 
Norfolk Area Office and OTPCA, a copy of the list of approved 
suspended-load operations completed the previous year.
    2. NNS would have to:
    (a) Retain all records required by the permanent variance for five 
years from the time it generates each such record

[[Page 45248]]

(except when applicable regulations define a longer records-retention 
period); and
    (b) Make all records and related documents available for inspection 
by affected employees, employee representatives, and OSHA upon request.

V. Notice to OSHA

    NNS would have to:
    1. Inform OTPCA as soon as it has knowledge that it will:
    (a) Cease to do business; or
    (b) Transfer the activities covered by this permanent variance to a 
successor company.
    2. Submit to the Norfolk Area Office and OTPCA, a copy of any 
incident-investigation report and associated corrective-action plan 
within 15 working days of the incident.
    3. Submit to OTPCA annually, a written certification indicating 
whether the conditions of the permanent variance are effective and 
remain relevant and necessary, and any recommendations for modifying 
these conditions.

V. Authority and Signature

    David Michaels, Ph.D., MPH, Assistant Secretary of Labor for 
Occupational Safety and Health, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., 
Washington, DC 20210, authorized the preparation of this notice. 
Accordingly, the Agency is issuing this notice pursuant to Section 29 
U.S.C. 655(6)(d), Secretary of Labor's Order No. 1-2012 (77 FR 3912, 
Jan. 25, 2012), and 29 CFR 1905.11.

    Signed at Washington, DC, on July 23, 2015.
David Michaels,
Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health.
[FR Doc. 2015-18468 Filed 7-28-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-26-P