[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 100 (Tuesday, May 26, 2015)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 30001-30004]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-12643]


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DEPARTMENT OF STATE

22 CFR Parts 120, 122, 124, 125, and 126

[Public Notice 9136]
RIN 1400-AD79


Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: 
Registration and Licensing of U.S. Persons Employed by Foreign Persons, 
and Other Changes

AGENCY: Department of State.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Department of State proposes to amend the International 
Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to clarify requirements for the 
licensing and registration of U.S. persons providing defense services 
while in the employ of foreign persons. This amendment is pursuant to 
the President's Export Control Reform effort, as part of the Department 
of State's retrospective plan under Executive Order 13563 completed on 
August 17, 2011. The Department of State's full plan can be accessed at 
http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/181028.pdf.

DATES: The Department of State will accept comments on this proposed 
rule until July 27, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Interested parties may submit comments within 60 days of the 
date of publication by one of the following methods:
     Email: [email protected] with the subject line, 
``ITAR Amendment--U.S. Persons Employed by Foreign Persons.''
     Internet: At www.regulations.gov, search for this proposed 
rule by using its RIN (1400-AD79).
    Comments received after that date will be considered if feasible, 
but consideration cannot be assured. Those submitting comments should 
not include any personally identifying information they do not desire 
to be made public or any information for which a claim of 
confidentiality is asserted. All comments and transmittal emails will 
be made available for public inspection and copying after the close of 
the comment period via the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) 
Web site at www.pmddtc.state.gov. Parties who wish to comment 
anonymously may do so by submitting their comments via 
www.regulations.gov, leaving the fields that would identify the 
commenter blank and including no identifying information in the comment 
itself. Comments submitted via www.regulations.gov are immediately 
available for public inspection.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. C. Edward Peartree, Director, 
Office of Defense Trade Controls Policy, Department of State, telephone 
(202) 663-1282; email [email protected]. ATTN: Regulatory 
Change, U.S. Persons Employed by Foreign Persons.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Changes in This Rule Related to Registration and Licensing of U.S. 
Persons Employed by Foreign Persons

    DDTC seeks to clarify the registration and licensing requirements 
for U.S. persons located in the United States or abroad who are engaged 
in the business of furnishing defense services to their foreign person 
employers. Similarly, DDTC seeks to clarify when these same persons may 
be covered under existing DDTC authorizations previously issued to 
their employers and affiliates, and when they are instead obligated to 
apply for their own license or agreement prior to engaging in the 
provisions of defense services.
    The Department proposes to modify 22 CFR 120.40 Affiliate, add a 
definition for ``natural persons'' in 22 CFR 120.43, effect changes to 
22 CFR 122.1 Registration Requirements and 22 CFR 122.4 Notification of 
Changes in Information Furnished by Registrants, and add an exemption 
for natural U.S. persons employed by foreign persons in 22 CFR 124.17, 
to better account for these persons and their services to their foreign 
person employers.
    Scenarios impacted by these changes include but are not limited to 
the following:
    (1) U.S. persons employed as regular employees of a U.S. company 
but working at a foreign branch of that company; (2) U.S. persons 
employed as regular employees of a U.S. company's foreign subsidiary or 
affiliate where the U.S. company is actively participating in the 
provision of services to the foreign subsidiary or affiliate; (3) U.S. 
persons employed as regular employees of a U.S. company's foreign 
subsidiary or affiliate where the U.S. company is not actively 
participating in the provision of services to the foreign subsidiary or 
affiliate; (4) U.S. persons employed outside the United States as 
independent contractors who do not meet the definition of a regular 
employee; and (5) U.S. persons employed as regular employees of a 
foreign company with no U.S. affiliation.
    The following are the proposed changes:

[[Page 30002]]

    (1) The note to 22 CFR 120.40 is redesignated as note 1;
    (2) A second note is added to 22 CFR 120.40 to clarify that under 
specified circumstances, minority owners of a firm may list that 
company on their registration;
    (3) 22 CFR 120.43 is added to provide a definition of ``natural 
person'';
    (4) 22 CFR 122.1 is revised to clarify the existing requirement 
that U.S. persons performing defense services abroad are required to be 
registered pursuant to 22 CFR 122.2;
    (5) A note is added to 22 CFR 122.1 to clarify that natural persons 
employed by affiliates or subsidiaries of and listed on a U.S. person's 
registration are deemed to be registered as well;
    (6) A minor revision is made to 22 CFR 122.2 to clarify that 
subsidiaries and affiliates controlled by a registrant pursuant to 22 
CFR 120.40 may be included on the registrant's Statement of 
Registration;
    (7) 22 CFR 124.1(a) is revised to clarify that defense services 
performed by natural U.S. persons may be authorized via a DSP-5;
    (8) 22 CFR 124.1(b) is revised to clarify that applicants will 
forward copies of approved agreements involving classified defense 
articles to the Department of Defense;
    (9) An exemption for natural U.S. persons employed by foreign 
persons located in NATO countries and other specified nations is added 
in 22 CFR 124.17; and
    (10) An exemption for natural U.S. persons employed by foreign 
persons engaged in FMS-related activities is added in 22 CFR 
126.6(c)(7).
    Regarding the addition of 22 CFR 124.17, the Department reiterates 
that the use of exemptions to authorize exports and/or temporary 
imports of defense articles and defense services to countries listed in 
22 CFR 126.1 is not allowed, as noted in paragraph (a) of the latter 
section.

Other Changes in This Rule

    The following are the proposed changes:
    (1) 22 CFR 120.39 is revised to clarify that the phrase ``long 
term'' denotes a period of at least 1 year;
    (2) 22 CFR 125.4(b)(2) and (b)(12) are removed to reserve status 
due to their redundancy with the exemptions in 22 CFR 124.3 and 22 CFR 
part 126;
    (3) 22 CFR 126.6(c) is amended to clarify that the exemption 
extends to classified as well as unclassified Foreign Military Sales 
(FMS) defense articles permanently or temporarily imported or exported, 
provided their transfer is made pursuant to a Letter of Offer and 
Acceptance; and
    (4) Administrative corrections are made to 22 CFR 126.6(c).

Request for Comments

    The Department welcomes public comment on any of the proposed 
changes set forth in this rule. In particular, we invite comments from 
foreign persons who currently employ or are contemplating engaging U.S. 
persons as regular employees or independent contractors, as well as 
from current or future employees and contractors themselves.
    In the context of Export Control Reform, as well as to accommodate 
the changes proposed in this rule, DDTC is considering modifying its 
registration fee structure. Of the many options being explored, one 
alternative involves providing a reduced base fee for individuals or 
natural U.S. persons, as defined in the proposed 22 CFR 120.43. The 
Department encourages the public to consider these proposed changes 
when reviewing this rule.

Regulatory Analysis and Notices

Administrative Procedure Act

    Controlling the import and export of defense articles and services 
is a foreign affairs function of the United States government and rules 
implementing this function are exempt from sections 553 (rulemaking) 
and 554 (adjudications) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). 
Although this rule is exempt from the rulemaking provisions of the APA, 
the Department is publishing this rule with a 60-day provision for 
public comment and without prejudice to its determination that 
controlling the import and export of defense services is a foreign 
affairs function.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Since this rule is exempt from the rulemaking provisions of 5 
U.S.C. 553, it does not require analysis under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    These proposed amendments do not involve a mandate that will result 
in the expenditure by State, local, and tribal governments, in the 
aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 
year and they will not significantly or uniquely affect small 
governments. Therefore, no actions were deemed necessary under the 
provisions of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995.

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996

    These proposed amendments have been found not to be a major rule 
within the meaning of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 
Fairness Act of 1996.

Executive Orders 12372 and 13132

    These proposed amendments will not have substantial direct effects 
on the States, on the relationship between the national government and 
the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among 
the various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with 
Executive Order 13132, it is determined that these proposed amendments 
do not have sufficient federalism implications to require consultations 
or warrant the preparation of a federalism summary impact statement. 
The regulations implementing Executive Order 12372 regarding 
intergovernmental consultation on Federal programs and activities do 
not apply to these proposed amendments.

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Executive Orders 13563 and 12866 direct agencies to assess all 
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety effects, distributed impacts, and equity). Executive 
Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting 
flexibility. This rule has not been designated a ``significant 
regulatory action,'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866. 
Accordingly, the rule has not been reviewed by the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB).

Executive Order 12988

    The Department of State has reviewed the proposed amendments in 
light of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988 to 
eliminate ambiguity, minimize litigation, establish clear legal 
standards, and reduce burden.

Executive Order 13175

    The Department of State has determined that this rulemaking will 
not have tribal implications, will not impose substantial direct 
compliance costs on Indian tribal governments, and will not preempt 
tribal law. Accordingly, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this 
rulemaking.

[[Page 30003]]

Paperwork Reduction Act

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person is required 
to respond to, nor is subject to a penalty for failure to comply with, 
a collection of information, subject to the requirements of the 
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) (PRA), unless 
that collection of information displays a currently valid OMB control 
number. This proposed rule would affect the following approved 
collections: (1) Statement of Registration, DS-2032, OMB No. 1405-0002; 
(2) Application/License for Permanent Export of Unclassified Defense 
Articles and Related Unclassified Technical Data, DSP-5, OMB No. 1405-
0003; (3) Nontransfer and Use Certificate, DSP-83, OMB No. 1405-0021; 
(4) Application/License for Permanent/Temporary Export or Temporary 
Import of Classified Defense Articles and Classified Technical Data, 
DSP-85, OMB No. 1405-0022; (5) Authority to Export Defense Articles and 
Services Sold Under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Program, DSP-94, 
OMB No. 1405-0051; (6) Application for Amendment to License for Export 
or Import of Classified or Unclassified Defense Articles and Related 
Technical Data, DSP-6, -62, -74, -119, OMB No. 1405-0092; (7) Request 
for Approval of Manufacturing License Agreements, Technical Assistance 
Agreements, and Other Agreements, DSP-5, OMB No. 1405-0093; (8) 
Maintenance of Records by Registrants, OMB No. 1405-0111; (9) Voluntary 
Disclosure, OMB No. 1405-0179; and (10) Technology Security/Clearance 
Plans, Screening Records, and Non-Disclosure Agreements Pursuant to 22 
CFR 126.18, OMB No. 1405-0195. The Department of State believes there 
will be minimal changes to these collections.

List of Subjects

22 CFR Part 120

    Arms and munitions, Exports.

22 CFR Part 122

    Arms and munitions, Exports.

22 CFR Part 124

    Arms and munitions, Exports, Technical assistance.

22 CFR Part 125

    Arms and munitions, Classified information, Exports.

22 CFR Part 126

    Arms and munitions, Exports.

    For the reasons set forth above, Title 22, Chapter I, Subchapter M, 
parts 120, 122, 124, 125 and 126 are proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 120--PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS

0
1. The authority citation for part 120 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: Secs. 2, 38, and 71, Pub. L. 90-629, 90 Stat. 744 (22 
U.S.C. 2752, 2778, 2797); 22 U.S.C. 2794; 22 U.S.C. 2651a; Pub. L. 
105-261, 112 Stat. 1920; Pub. L. 111-266; Section 1261, Pub. L. 112-
239; E.O. 13637, 78 FR 16129.

0
2. Section 120.39 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  120.39  Regular employee.

    (a) * * *
    (2) An individual in a long term (i.e., 1 year or longer) 
contractual relationship with the company where the individual:
    (i) Works at the company's facilities;
    (ii) Works under the company's direction and control;
    (iii) Works full time and exclusively for the company;
    (iv) Executes nondisclosure certifications for the company; and
    (v) Where the staffing agency that has seconded the individual (if 
applicable) has no role in the work the individual performs (other than 
providing that individual for that work) and does not have access to 
any controlled technology (other than where specifically authorized by 
a license).
* * * * *
0
3. Section 120.40 is amended by removing the Note and adding Note 1 and 
Note 2 to read as follows:


Sec.  120.40  Affiliate.

* * * * *

    Note 1 to Sec.  120.40: For purposes of this section, 
``control'' means having the authority or ability to establish or 
direct the policies or operations of the firm with respect to 
compliance with this subchapter. Control is rebuttably presumed to 
exist where there is ownership of 25 percent or more of the 
outstanding voting securities if no other person controls an equal 
or larger percentage.


    Note 2 to Sec.  120.40: A registrant may establish a control 
relationship with another entity via written agreement such that the 
entity then becomes an affiliate in accordance with section. The 
registrant may include such an affiliate on its registration, in 
accordance with this subchapter and subject to DDTC's disallowance. 
If an affiliate listed on a registration ceases to meet the 
requirements of this section, the registrant must immediately remove 
the affiliate from its registration and notify DDTC pursuant to 
Sec.  122.4(a) of this subchapter.

0
4. Section 120.43 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  120.43  Natural person.

    Natural person means an individual human being, as distinguished 
from a corporation, business association, partnership, society, trust, 
or any other entity, organization or group.

PART 122--REGISTRATION OF MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTERS

0
5. The authority citation for part 122 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: Sections 2 and 38, Pub. L. 90-629, 90 Stat. 744 (22 
U.S.C. 2752, 2778); 22 U.S.C. 2651a; E.O. 13637, 78 FR 16129.

0
6. Section 122.1 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and adding a note 
to paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  122.1  Registration requirements.

    (a) Any person who engages in the United States in the business of 
manufacturing, exporting, or temporarily importing defense articles or 
furnishing defense services; and any U.S. person who engages in the 
business of furnishing defense services wherever located, is required 
to register with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls under Sec.  
122.2. For the purpose of this subchapter, engaging in such a business 
requires only one occasion of manufacturing or exporting or temporarily 
importing a defense article or furnishing a defense service. A 
manufacturer who does not engage in exporting must nevertheless 
register. (See part 129 of this subchapter for requirements for 
registration of persons who engage in brokering activities.)

    Note to paragraph (a): Any natural person directly employed by a 
DDTC-registered person, or by a person listed on the registration as 
a subsidiary or affiliate of a DDTC-registered U.S. person, is 
deemed to be registered.

* * * * *


Sec.  122.2  [Amended]

0
7. Section 122.2(a) is amended by adding a comma between the words 
``registrant'' and ``or'' in the third sentence.
0
8. Section 122.4 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(2)(v) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  122.4  Notification of changes in information furnished by 
registrants.

    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (v) The establishment, acquisition, or divestment of a U.S. or 
foreign subsidiary or other affiliate who is engaged in manufacturing 
defense articles, exporting defense articles or defense services, or 
the inability of an affiliate listed on the registration to

[[Page 30004]]

continue meeting the requirements in Sec.  120.40 of this subchapter; 
or
* * * * *

PART 124--AGREEMENTS, OFF-SHORE PROCUREMENT, AND OTHER DEFENSE 
SERVICES

0
9. The authority citation for part 124 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: Secs. 2, 38, and 71, Pub. L. 90-629, 90 Stat. 744 (22 
U.S.C. 2752, 2778, 2797); 22 U.S.C. 2651a; 22 U.S.C. 2776; Pub. L. 
105-261; Section 1261, Pub. L. 112-239; E.O. 13637, 78 FR 16129.

0
10. Section 124.1 is amended as follows:
0
a. Add two sentences at the end of paragraph (a).
0
b. Revise paragraph (b).
    The addition and revision read as follows:


Sec.  124.1  Manufacturing license agreements and technical assistance 
agreements.

    (a) * * * The provision of defense services by a natural U.S. 
person may be authorized on a Form DSP-5. Natural U.S. persons employed 
as regular employees of a foreign subsidiary or affiliate listed on the 
registration of a U.S. person may receive authorization to provide 
defense services via an agreement between the registered U.S. person 
and the foreign subsidiary or affiliate, provided the registered U.S. 
person accepts responsibility for, and demonstrates ability to ensure, 
the natural U.S. person's compliance with the provisions of this 
subchapter.
    (b) Classified Articles. Copies of approved agreements involving 
the release of classified defense articles will be forwarded by the 
applicant to the Defense Security Service of the Department of Defense.
* * * * *
0
11. Section 124.17 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  124.17  Exemption for natural U.S. persons employed by foreign 
persons.

    (a) A natural U.S. person employed by a foreign person may furnish 
defense services to and on behalf of the foreign person employer 
without a license if all of the following conditions are met:
    (1) The employer is located within a NATO or EU country, Australia, 
Japan, New Zealand, and/or Switzerland, and the defense services are 
provided only in these countries;
    (2) The end user(s) of the associated defense article(s) are 
located within NATO, EU, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and/or 
Switzerland;
    (3) No U.S.-origin defense articles, to include technical data, are 
transferred from the U.S. persons to the employer without separate 
authorization;
    (4) No classified, SME, or MT technical data is transferred (even 
if separately authorized) in connection with the furnishing of defense 
services; and
    (5) The U.S. person furnishing the defense services maintains 
records of such activities and complies with registration requirements 
in accordance with part 122 of this subchapter.
    (b) [Reserved]

PART 125--LICENSES FOR THE EXPORT OF TECHNICAL DATA AND CLASSIFIED 
DEFENSE ARTICLES

0
12. The authority citation for part 125 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: Secs. 2 and 38, Pub. L. 90-629, 90 Stat. 744 (22 
U.S.C. 2752, 2778); 22 U.S.C. 2651a; E.O. 13637, 78 FR 16129.


Sec.  125.4  [Amended]

0
13. Section 125.4 is amended by removing and reserving paragraphs 
(b)(2) and (b)(12).

PART 126--GENERAL POLICIES AND PROVISIONS

0
14. The authority citation for part 126 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  Secs. 2, 38, 40, 42, and 71, Pub. L. 90-629, 90 
Stat. 744 (22 U.S.C. 2752, 2778, 2780, 2791, and 2797); 22 U.S.C. 
2651a; 22 U.S.C. 287c; E.O. 12918, 59 FR 28205; 3 CFR, 1994 Comp., 
p. 899; Sec. 1225, Pub. L. 108-375; Sec. 7089, Pub. L. 111-117; Pub. 
L. 111-266; Sections 7045 and 7046, Pub. L. 112-74; E.O. 13637, 78 
FR 16129.

    15. Section 126.6 is amended by revising paragraph (c) introductory 
text and adding paragraph (c)(7) to read as follows:


Sec.  126.6  Foreign-owned military aircraft and naval vessels, and the 
Foreign Military Sales program.

* * * * *
    (c) Foreign Military Sales Program. A license from the Directorate 
of Defense Trade Controls is not required if the classified or 
unclassified defense article or defense service to be transferred was 
sold, leased, or loaned by the Department of Defense to a foreign 
country or international organization under the Foreign Military Sales 
(FMS) Program of the Arms Export Control Act pursuant to a Letter of 
Offer and Acceptance (LOA) authorizing such transfer (permanent or 
temporary), which meets the criteria stated below:
* * * * *
    (7) Natural U.S. persons employed by foreign persons may provide 
defense services to and on behalf of their employers without a license 
if all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The defense services are provided in support of an active FMS 
contract and are identified in an executed LOA;
    (ii) No U.S.-origin defense articles are transferred from the U.S. 
person to the employer, without separate authorization;
    (iii) The provision of defense services is not to a country 
identified in Sec.  126.1;
    (iv) No classified or SME technical data is disclosed (even if 
separately authorized) in connection with the furnishing of defense 
services; and
    (v) The U.S. person furnishing the defense services maintains 
records of such activities and complies with registration requirements 
in accordance with part 122 of this subchapter.

Rose E. Gottemoeller,
Under Secretary, Arms Control and International Security, Department of 
State.
[FR Doc. 2015-12643 Filed 5-22-15; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4710-25-P