[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 39 (Friday, February 27, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 10587-10590]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-04111]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Internal Revenue Service

26 CFR Part 1

[TD 9712]
RIN 1545-BL78


Alternative Simplified Credit Election

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Final regulations and removal of temporary regulations.

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SUMMARY: This document contains final regulations relating to the 
election of the alternative simplified credit under section 41(c)(5) of 
the Internal Revenue Code (Code). The final regulations affect certain 
taxpayers claiming the credit under section 41.

DATES: Effective Date: These regulations are effective on February 27, 
2015.
    Applicability Date: For dates of applicability, see Sec.  1.41-
9(d).

[[Page 10588]]


FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Selig (202) 317-4137 (not a 
toll-free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    This document amends 26 CFR part 1 to provide rules relating to the 
time and manner of electing the alternative simplified credit (ASC) 
under section 41(c)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).
    Section 41(a) provides an incremental tax credit for increasing 
research activities (research credit) based on a percentage of a 
taxpayer's qualified research expenses above a base amount. A taxpayer 
can apply the rules and credit rate percentages under section 41(a)(1) 
to calculate the credit (commonly referred to as the regular credit) or 
a taxpayer can make an election to apply the ASC rules and credit rate 
percentages under section 41(c)(5) to calculate the credit. Section 
41(c)(5)(C) provides that an ASC election under section 41(c)(5) 
applies to the taxable year for which it is made and all succeeding 
taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
    On June 10, 2011, the Treasury Department and the IRS published 
final regulations (TD 9528) (2011 Final Regulations) in the Federal 
Register (76 FR 33994) relating to the election and calculation of the 
ASC. Section 1.41-9(b)(2) provides that a taxpayer makes an election 
under section 41(c)(5) by completing the portion of Form 6765, ``Credit 
for Increasing Research Activities,'' (or successor form) relating to 
the ASC election, and attaching the completed form to the taxpayer's 
timely filed (including extensions) original return for the taxable 
year to which the election applies. Section 1.41-9(b)(2) also provides 
that a taxpayer may not make an election under section 41(c)(5) on an 
amended return and that an extension of time to make an election under 
section 41(c)(5) will not be granted under Sec.  301.9100-3.
    Following the publication of the 2011 Final Regulations, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS received requests to amend the 
regulations to allow taxpayers to make an ASC election on an amended 
return. The requests explained that the burden of substantiating 
expenditures and costs for the base period under the regular credit can 
be costly, time-consuming, and difficult, and suggested that taxpayers 
often need additional time to determine whether to claim the regular 
credit or the ASC.
    On June 3, 2014, the Treasury Department and the IRS published a 
notice of proposed rulemaking by cross-reference to temporary 
regulations (REG-133495-13) in the Federal Register (79 FR 31892), and 
final and temporary regulations (TD 9666) (the Temporary Regulations) 
in the Federal Register (79 FR 31863). The final regulations removed 
the rule in Sec.  1.41-9(b)(2) that prohibited a taxpayer from making 
an ASC election for a tax year on an amended return. In its place, the 
Temporary Regulations provided a rule allowing a taxpayer to make an 
ASC election for a tax year on an amended return if the taxpayer had 
not previously claimed a section 41 credit for that tax year on an 
original or amended return. In addition, the Temporary Regulations 
provided that a taxpayer that is a member of a controlled group in a 
tax year may not make an election under section 41(c)(5) for that tax 
year on an amended return if any member of the controlled group for 
that year claimed the research credit using a method other than the ASC 
on an original or amended return.
    Written and electronic comments responding to the proposed 
regulations were received. No requests for a public hearing were made 
and no public hearing was held. After consideration of all the 
comments, the proposed regulations are adopted as revised by this 
Treasury decision.

Summary of Comments and Explanation of Provisions

Interaction With Section 280C Elections

    A commenter requested clarification regarding whether a section 
280C(c)(3) election made for a taxable year on line 17 of Form 6765, 
Credit For Increasing Research Activities, where no amount of regular 
credit is claimed, will be viewed by the IRS as a claim of the section 
41(a)(1) credit and preclude an ASC election from being made on an 
amended return for that taxable year. Section 280(c)(3) allows a 
taxpayer to make an annual irrevocable election to claim a reduced 
research credit rather than reducing the section 174 deduction, as 
required by section 280(c)(1). A section 280C(c)(3) election must be 
made on an original return. If a taxpayer is undecided whether to claim 
the regular credit for a taxable year but wants to preserve the 
operative effect of the section 280C(c)(3) election for that taxable 
year, then the taxpayer will make the section 280C(c)(3) election on 
line 17 of Form 6765, but leave the remaining section of the form 
blank. A section 280C(c)(3) election on line 17 of Form 6765 made in a 
taxable year does not, in and of itself, constitute a credit claim 
under section 41(a)(1), and accordingly does not preclude a taxpayer 
from making an ASC election on an amended return for that taxable year.

Section 9100 Relief

    One commenter requested that the final regulations allow an 
extension of time to make an election under section 41(c)(5) under 
Sec.  301.9100-3. Under Sec.  301.9100-3(c), the Commissioner will 
grant a reasonable extension of time to make a regulatory election only 
when the interests of the Government will not be prejudiced by the 
granting of relief. Under Sec.  301.9100-3(c)(1)(ii), the interests of 
the Government are ordinarily prejudiced if the taxable year in which 
the regulatory election should have been made or any taxable years that 
would have been affected by the election had it been timely made are 
closed by the period of limitations on assessment under section 6501(a) 
before the taxpayer's receipt of a ruling granting relief under this 
section. Because the final regulations allow a taxpayer to amend its 
return to make the ASC election in a taxable year that is not closed by 
the period of limitations for assessment under section 6501(a) if no 
credit under section 41(a)(1) was claimed in the prior taxable year on 
an original or amended return, an extension of time under Sec.  
301.9100-3 to make the ASC election is not necessary during this 
period. An extension of time to make an ASC election in a taxable year 
closed by the period of limitations on assessment under section 6501(a) 
ordinarily prejudices the interests of the government. See section 
301.9100-3(c)(1)(ii). Accordingly, the final regulations retain the 
rule that an extension of time to make an election under section 
41(c)(5) will not be granted under Sec.  301.9100-3.

Period for Making an ASC Election

    One commenter requested that the final regulations provide that a 
taxpayer may make an ASC election for an earlier, closed tax year on a 
later year's return in which a research credit from that closed year is 
reported on a carryforward schedule, or actually used as a credit 
against tax, so long as no intervening amended return claiming a 
research credit for that tax year using a different method has been 
claimed. The Temporary Regulations only permitted a taxpayer to elect 
the ASC on an amended return for taxable years ending before June 3, 
2014, (the effective/applicability date of those regulations) if the 
taxpayer makes the election before the period of limitations for 
assessment of tax has expired for that year. The rule in the Temporary 
Regulations provided

[[Page 10589]]

a reasonable time period for taxpayers to determine whether or not to 
make an ASC election with respect to a prior, open tax year. To permit 
a taxpayer to make an ASC election for a tax year in which the period 
of limitations for assessment of tax has expired has the practical 
effect of permitting the taxpayer to make an ASC election on a return 
that cannot be amended. Therefore, these final regulations do not adopt 
this suggested modification.
    One commenter requested that these final regulations provide that 
an ASC election can be made on an amended return for a tax year so long 
as the period for making a refund claim under section 6511 has not 
expired for that tax year, even in cases where the statute of 
limitations on assessment under section 6501 is closed. These final 
regulations retain the rule of the Temporary Regulations that a 
taxpayer must make an ASC election on an amended return before the 
statute of limitations on assessment under section 6501(a) is closed. 
The general period under the statute of limitations on assessment under 
section 6501(a), which is three years after the tax return is filed, 
provides a reasonable time for taxpayers to file an ASC election on an 
amended return, and a reasonable time for the IRS to examine the 
amended return. This rule also preserves the integrity the of the rule 
in the final regulations providing that an extension of time to make an 
election under section 41(c)(5) will not be granted under Sec.  
301.9100-3. Under Sec.  301.9100-3, the interests of the government are 
ordinarily prejudiced if the taxable year in which a regulatory 
election should have been made or any taxable years that would have 
been affected by the election had it been timely made are closed by the 
period of limitations on assessment under section 6501(a) before the 
taxpayer's receipt of a ruling granting relief under Sec.  301.9100. 
This requirement is mitigated by the fact that the period of 
limitations on assessment may be extended by agreement of the IRS and 
the taxpayer. For clarity, the language found in the effective date of 
the Temporary Regulations referencing the period of limitations for 
assessment of tax is added to the text of the final regulations under 
Sec.  1.41-9(b)(2) relating to the time and manner of making the ASC 
election.

Controlled Group ASC Elections

    One commenter requested that the final regulations modify the rules 
for controlled group ASC elections under Sec.  1.41-9(b)(4), under 
which only the designated member of a controlled group may make or 
revoke an ASC election. Revising those rules is beyond the scope of 
these regulations. Therefore, the final regulations do not amend Sec.  
1.41-9(b)(4).

Modification of the Election Rule

    One commenter requested that these final regulations amend the rule 
in the Temporary Regulations that allows a taxpayer to make an ASC 
election for a tax year on an amended return only if the taxpayer has 
not previously claimed the section 41 credit on its original return or 
an amended return for that tax year to clarify that the previously 
claimed section 41 credit is determined under section 41(a)(1), and not 
under sections 41(a)(2) or (3). The commenter stated that the ASC is an 
alternative method to the regular credit under section 41(a)(1), and 
whether a taxpayer elects the ASC or claims the regular credit does not 
impact the determination of the credits allowable under sections 
41(a)(2) and 41(a)(3). This approach is consistent with the language of 
section 41(c)(5)(A) and Sec.  1.41-9(a), which specifically reference 
section 41(a)(1). Accordingly, the final regulations provide that a 
taxpayer may make an ASC election for a tax year on an amended return 
only if the taxpayer has not previously claimed the section 41(a)(1) 
credit on its original return or an amended return for that tax year.

Effect on Other Documents

    The Temporary Regulations are obsolete for taxable years beginning 
on or after February 27, 2015.

Special Analyses

    It has been determined that this Treasury decision is not a 
significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 12866, as 
supplemented by Executive Order 13563. Therefore, a regulatory 
assessment is not required. It also has been determined that section 
553(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 5) does 
not apply to these regulations. It is hereby certified that the 
collection of information in these regulations will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
Although a substantial number of small entities may make an ASC 
election on an amended return pursuant to these regulations, the 
economic impact of any collection burden on these entities relating to 
this election is minimal because the regulations will result in a 
benefit to taxpayers by providing additional time for taxpayer to 
calculate and elect the ASC. Accordingly, a regulatory flexibility 
analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) is 
not required. Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Code, these 
regulations have been submitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of 
the Small Business Administration for comment on their impact on small 
business.

Drafting Information

    The principal author of these regulations is David Selig, Office of 
the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries). 
However, other personnel from the IRS and the Treasury Department 
participated in their development.

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1

    Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Adoption of Amendments to the Regulations

    Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is amended as follows:

PART 1--INCOME TAXES

0
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read in 
part as follows:

    Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *

    Section 1.41-9 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 41(c)(5)(C). * * *


0
Par. 2. Section 1.41-9 is amended by:
0
1. Revising paragraph (b)(2).
0
2. Adding a third and fourth sentence to paragraph (d).
    The revision and addition read as follows:


Sec.  1.41-9  Alternative simplified credit.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Time and manner of election. A taxpayer makes an election under 
section 41(c)(5) by completing the portion of Form 6765, ``Credit for 
Increasing Research Activities,'' (or successor form) relating to the 
election of the ASC, and attaching the completed form to the taxpayer's 
timely filed (including extensions) original return for the taxable 
year to which the election applies. A taxpayer may make an election 
under section 41(c)(5) for a tax year on an amended return, but only if 
the taxpayer has not previously claimed a section 41(a)(1) credit on 
its original return or an amended return for that tax year, and only if 
that tax year is not closed by the period of limitations on assessment 
under section 6501(a). An extension of time to make an election under 
section 41(c)(5) will not be granted under Sec.  301.9100-3 of this 
chapter. A taxpayer that is a member of a controlled group in a tax 
year may not make an election under section 41(c)(5) for that tax year 
on an amended return

[[Page 10590]]

if any member of the controlled group for that tax year previously 
claimed the research credit under section 41(a)(1) using a method other 
than the ASC on an original or amended return for that tax year. See 
paragraph (b)(4) of this section for additional rules concerning 
controlled groups. See also Sec.  1.41-6(b)(1) requiring that all 
members of the controlled group use the same method of computation.
* * * * *
    (d) Effective/applicability date. * * * Paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section applies to elections with respect to taxable years ending on or 
after February 27, 2015. For taxable years ending before February 27, 
2015, see Sec.  1.41-9T as contained in 26 CFR part 1, revised April 1, 
2015.


Sec.  1.41-9T  [Removed]

0
Par. 3. Section 1.41-9T is removed.

John Dalrymple,
Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement.
    Approved: February 3, 2015.
Mark J. Mazur,
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Tax Policy).
[FR Doc. 2015-04111 Filed 2-26-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4830-01-P