[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 169 (Tuesday, September 2, 2014)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 51913-51916]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-20691]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R09-OAR-2014-0589; FRL-9916-04-Region-9]


Finding of Failure To Submit a Prevention of Significant 
Deterioration State Implementation Plan Revision for Particulate Matter 
Less Than 2.5 Micrometers (PM2.5); California; North Coast 
Air Quality Management District

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finding that the 
North Coast Air Quality Management District (NCAQMD or District), 
located in California, has not made a necessary Prevention of 
Significant Deterioration (PSD) State Implementation Plan (SIP) 
submission to address the PSD permitting of PM2.5 emissions, 
as required by the Clean Air Act (CAA). Specifically, the EPA is 
determining that NCAQMD has not submitted a SIP revision to address the 
PM2.5 PSD increments and implementing regulations as 
promulgated by EPA on October 20, 2010. The deadline for the District 
to make the required submittal was July 20, 2012. The CAA requires EPA 
to promulgate a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) to address the 
outstanding PSD SIP elements by no later than 24 months after the 
effective date of this finding. EPA is making this finding in 
accordance with section 110 and part C of the CAA.

DATES: The effective date of this rule is October 2, 2014.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Laura Yannayon, Air Division (Air-3), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, 75 Hawthorne St, San 
Francisco, CA 94105. By phone at (415) 972-3534 or by email at 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 553 of the Administrative Procedures 
Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), provides that, when an agency for good 
cause finds that notice and public procedure are impracticable, 
unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest, the agency may issue a 
rule without providing notice and an opportunity for public comment. 
The EPA has determined that there is good cause for making this rule 
final without prior proposal and opportunity for comment because no 
significant EPA judgment is involved in making a finding of failure to 
submit SIPs, or elements of SIPs, required by the CAA, where states 
have made no submissions to meet the requirement. No additional fact 
gathering is necessary. Thus, notice and public procedure are 
unnecessary. Furthermore, providing notice and comment would be 
impracticable because of the limited time provided under the CAA for 
making such determinations. EPA believes that because of the limited 
time provided to make findings of failure to submit regarding SIP 
submissions, Congress did not intend such findings to be subject to 
notice-and-comment rulemaking. Finally, notice and comment would be 
contrary to the public interest because it would divert Agency 
resources from the critical substantive review of submitted SIPs. See 
58 FR 51270, 51272, note 17 (October 1, 1993); 59 FR 39832, 39853 
(August 4, 1994). The EPA finds that these constitute good cause under 
5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B).
    Throughout this document wherever ``we,'' ``us,'' or ``our'' is 
used, we mean the EPA.

Table of Contents

I. Background and Overview
    A. Overview of Relevant PM NAAQS Requirements
    B. Revisions to the PSD Program to Implement the PM NAAQS
II. Finding of Failure to Submit
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Background and Overview

A. Overview of Relevant PM NAAQS Requirements

    The EPA initially established National Ambient Air Quality 
Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) under section 109 of the 
CAA in 1971. Since then, the EPA has made a number of changes to these 
standards to reflect continually expanding scientific information. The 
history of the PM2.5 NAAQS is briefly summarized below.
     In July 1997, new PM NAAQS were added, using 
PM2.5 as the indicator for fine particles. The EPA's 
PM10 standards were retained for the purpose of regulating 
the coarse fraction of PM10. The EPA established two new 
PM2.5 standards: an annual standard of 15 [mu]g/m\3\, based 
on the 3-year average of annual arithmetic mean PM2.5 
concentrations from single or multiple monitors sited to represented 
community-wide air quality and a 24-hour standard of 65 [mu]g/m\3\, 
based on the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour 
PM2.5 concentrations at each population-oriented monitor 
within the area.
     On October 17, 2006, the EPA promulgated revisions to the 
NAAQS for PM2.5 and PM10 with an effective date 
of December 18, 2006 (71 FR 61144). We lowered the 24-hour NAAQS for 
PM2.5 from 65 [mu]g/m\3\ to 35 [mu]g/m\3\, and retained the 
existing annual PM2.5 NAAQS of 15 [mu]g/m\3\. In addition, 
we retained the existing PM10 24-hour NAAQS of 150 mg/m\3\, 
and revoked the annual PM10 NAAQS (set at 50 mg/m\3\).
     On January 15, 2013, the EPA promulgated revisions to the 
NAAQS for PM2.5 and PM10 with an effective date 
of March 18, 2013 (78 FR 3086). We lowered the annual standard for 
PM2.5 to 12 [mu]g/m\3\ and retained the 24-hour 
PM2.5 standard at the level of 35 [mu]g/m\3\. For 
PM10, the EPA retained the current 24-hour PM10 
primary and secondary standards.

B. Revisions to the PSD Program to Implement the PM2.5 NAAQS

    To implement the PM2.5 NAAQS for PSD purposes, EPA 
issued two separate final rules that establish the New Source Review 
(NSR) permitting requirements for PM2.5: the NSR 
PM2.5 Implementation Rule promulgated on May 16, 2008 (73 FR 
28321), and the PM2.5 PSD Increments--Significant Impact 
Levels (SILs)--Significant

[[Page 51914]]

Monitoring Concentration (SMC) Rule promulgated on October 20, 2010 (75 
FR 64864) (PM2.5 PSD Increment--SILs--SMC Rule). This action 
focuses solely on the PM2.5 PSD Increment--SILs--SMC Rule.
    The PM2.5 PSD Increment--SILs--SMC Rule required states 
to submit SIP revisions to EPA by July 20, 2012, adopting provisions 
equivalent to or at least as stringent as the PM2.5 PSD 
increments and associated implementing regulations. Specifically, the 
rule required states to adopt and submit for EPA approval the 
PM2.5 increments issued pursuant to section 166(a) of the 
CAA to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas 
meeting the NAAQS. States were also required to adopt and submit for 
EPA approval revisions to the definitions for major source baseline 
date, minor source baseline date, and baseline area as part of the 
implementing regulations for the PM2.5 increment.
    The PM2.5 PSD Increment--SILs--SMC Rule also allowed 
States to discretionarily adopt and submit for EPA approval: (1) SILs, 
which are used as a screening tool to evaluate the impact a proposed 
new major source or major modification may have on the NAAQS or PSD 
increment; and (2) a SMC (also a screening tool) which is used to 
determine the subsequent level of data gathering required for a PSD 
permit application for emissions of PM2.5. However, on 
January 22, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of 
Columbia granted a request from the EPA to vacate and remand portions 
of the federal PSD regulations (40 CFR 51.166(k)(2) and 52.21(k)(2)) 
establishing the SILs for PM2.5 so that the EPA could 
reconcile the inconsistency between the regulatory text and certain 
statements in the preamble to the 2010 final rule. Sierra Club v. EPA, 
705 F.3d 458, 463-64. The Court declined to vacate the portion of the 
federal PSD regulations (40 CFR 51.165(b)(2)) establishing SILs for 
PM2.5 that did not contain the same inconsistency in the 
regulatory text. Id. at 465-66. The Court further vacated the portions 
of the PSD regulations (40 CFR 51.166(i)(5)(i)(c) and 
52.21(i)(5)(i)(c)) establishing a PM2.5 SMC, finding that 
the EPA lacked legal authority to adopt and use the PM2.5 
SMC to exempt permit applicants from the statutory requirement to 
compile and submit ambient monitoring data. Id. at 468-69. On December 
9, 2013, EPA issued a good cause final rule formally removing the 
affected SILs and SMC provisions from the CFR. See 78 FR 73698. As 
such, SIP submittals should no longer include the vacated 
PM2.5 SILs at 40 CFR 51.166(k)(2) and 52.21(k)(2) or the 
vacated PM2.5 SMC provisions at 40 CFR 51.166(i)(5)(i)(c) 
and 52.21(i)(5)(i)(c) for PM2.5 PSD permitting. EPA notes 
that today's finding of failure to submit for the NCAQMD does not 
include the SILs or SMC components of the PM2.5 PSD 
Increment--SILs--SMC Rule.

II. Finding of Failure To Submit

    The EPA is making a finding that the NCAQMD has failed to submit a 
required PSD SIP revision to address the implementation and permitting 
of PM2.5 emissions in the NCAQMD PSD program. Specifically, 
we are finding that NCAQMD failed to submit a SIP revision addressing 
the required PM2.5 PSD elements establishing increments and 
the implementing regulations by the specified deadline of July 20, 
2012, as required by the 2010 PM2.5 PSD Increments--SILs--
SMC Rule. By no later than 24 months after the effective date of this 
ruling, the EPA is required by the Act to promulgate a FIP for NCAQMD 
to address the PM2.5 PSD requirements for increment. This 
finding of failure to submit does not impose sanctions or set deadlines 
for imposing sanctions as described in section 179 of the CAA, because 
this finding does not pertain to the elements of a part D, title I plan 
for nonattainment areas as required under section 110(a)(2)(I) and 
because this action is not a SIP call pursuant to section 110(k)(5). 
This action will be effective on October 2, 2014.
    This action does not make a finding of failure to submit for NCAQMD 
regarding the required PM2.5 PSD SIP revision due on May 19, 
2011, pursuant to the 2008 NSR PM2.5 Implementation Rule, 
because NCAQMD submitted a revised PSD rule to address these 
requirements on February 28, 2011.
    This action will start a FIP clock that will end 24 months from the 
effective date of today's finding, and addresses the PSD revisions 
required by the 2010 PM2.5 PSD Increments--SILs--SMC Rule.

III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the 
terms of Executive Order (EO) 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 
is therefore not subject to review under EO 12866 and 13563 (76 FR 
3821, January 21, 2011).

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This action does not impose an information collection burden under 
the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. 
This final rule does not establish any new information collection 
requirement apart from what is already required by law. This rule 
relates to the requirement in the CAA for states to submit PSD SIPs 
under section 166(b) to satisfy certain prevention of significant 
deterioration requirements under the CAA for the PM2.5 
NAAQS. Burden means the total time, effort or financial resources 
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain or disclose or 
provide information to or for a federal agency. This includes the time 
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install and utilize 
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating and 
verifying information, processing and maintaining information and 
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to 
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; 
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; 
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; 
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information. An agency may not 
conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a 
collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB 
control number. The OMB control numbers for the EPA's regulations in 
the CFR are listed in 40 CFR Part 9.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency 
to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to 
notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the APA or any other 
statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations and small 
governmental jurisdictions. For the purpose of assessing the impacts of 
this final rule on small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A 
small business that is a small industry entity as defined in the U.S. 
Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards (See 13 CFR 121); 
(2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, 
county, town, school district or special district with a population of 
less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-
profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not 
dominant in its field.

[[Page 51915]]

    After considering the economic impacts of this final rule on small 
entities, I certify that this rule will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. This final rule will 
not impose any requirements on small entities. This action relates to 
the requirement in the CAA for states to submit PSD SIPs under section 
166(b) to satisfy certain prevention of significant deterioration 
requirements of the CAA for the PM2.5 NAAQS. Because EPA has 
made a ``good cause'' finding that this action is not subject to 
notice-and-comment requirements under the APA and any other statute, it 
is not subject to the regulatory flexibility provisions of the RFA.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA)

    This action contains no federal mandate under the provisions of 
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, 2 U.S.C. 1531-
1538 for state, local and tribal governments and the private sector. 
The action imposes no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal 
governments or the private sector. Therefore, this action is not 
subject to the requirements of section 202 and 205 of the UMRA. This 
action is also not subject to the requirements of section 203 of UMRA 
because it contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly 
or uniquely affect small governments. This action relates to the 
requirement in the CAA for states to submit PSD SIPs under section 
166(b) to satisfy certain prevention of significant deterioration 
requirements under the CAA for the PM2.5 NAAQS. This rule 
merely finds that NCAQMD has not met that requirement. Accordingly, no 
additional costs to State, local, or tribal governments, or to the 
private sector result from this action.
    Additionally, because EPA has made a ``good cause'' that this 
action is not subject to notice-and-comment requirements under the APA 
or any other statute, it is not subject to sections 202 and 205 of the 
UMRA.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    EO 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999), 
requires the EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure 
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the 
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.'' 
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the EO to 
include regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on the 
states, or the relationship between the national government and the 
states or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government.'' This final rule does not have 
federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on 
the states, on the relationship between the national government and the 
states or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government, as specified in EO 13132. The CAA 
establishes the scheme whereby states take the lead in developing plans 
to meet the NAAQS. This rule will not modify the relationship of the 
states and the EPA for purposes of developing programs to implement the 
NAAQS. Thus, EO 13132 does not apply to this rule.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    EO 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination with Indian 
Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), requires the EPA 
to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely 
input by Tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies 
that have Tribal implications.'' This final rule does not have tribal 
implications, as specified in EO 13175. This rule responds to the 
requirement in the CAA for states to submit PSD SIPs under section 
166(b) to satisfy certain prevention of significant deterioration 
requirements under the CAA for PM2.5 NAAQS. No tribe is 
subject to the requirement to submit an implementation plan under 
section 166(b) within 21 months of promulgation of PSD regulations 
under section 166(a).

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health and Safety Risks

    The EPA interprets EO 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) as 
applying only to those regulatory actions that concern health or safety 
risks, such that the analysis required under section 5-501 of the EO 
has the potential to influence the regulation. This action is not 
subject to EO 13045 because it merely finds that NCAQMD has failed to 
make a submission that is required under the Act to implement the 
PM2.5 NAAQS.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy 
Supply, Distribution or Use

    This rule is not a ``significant energy action'' as defined in EO 
13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect 
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001), 
because it is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the 
supply, distribution or use of energy.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law No. 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 
272 note), directs the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS) 
in its regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with 
applicable law or otherwise impracticable. VCS are technical standards 
(e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures and 
business practices) that are developed or adopted by VCS bodies. The 
NTTAA directs the EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations 
when the agency decides not to use available and applicable VCS. This 
action does not involve technical standards. Therefore, the EPA did not 
consider the use of any VCS.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    EO 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) establishes federal 
executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision directs 
federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by 
law, to make environmental justice part of their mission by identifying 
and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse 
human health or environmental effects of their programs, policies and 
activities on minority populations and low-income populations in the 
United States. The EPA has determined that this final rule will not 
have disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental 
effects on minority or low-income populations because it does not 
directly affect the level of protection provided to human health or the 
environment. This notice is making a finding that the NCAQMD failed to 
submit a SIP revision that provides certain basic permitting 
requirements for the PM2.5 NAAQS.

K. Congressional Review Act

    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the 
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally 
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating 
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, 
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the 
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other

[[Page 51916]]

required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of 
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior 
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot 
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal 
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 
section 804(2). This rule is effective on October 2, 2014.

L. Judicial Review

    Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for 
judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court 
of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by November 3, 2014. Filing a 
petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule 
does not affect the finality of this action for the purposed of 
judicial review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for 
judicial review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness 
of such rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in 
proceedings to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Intergovernmental Relations, Nitrogen dioxide, Particulate 
matter, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Sulfur oxides.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

    Dated: August 11, 2014.
Alexis Strauss,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region IX.
[FR Doc. 2014-20691 Filed 8-29-14; 8:45 am]
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