[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 236 (Monday, December 9, 2013)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 73966-73992]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-28775]



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Vol. 78

Monday,

No. 236

December 9, 2013

Part III





Department of Housing and Urban Development





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24 CFR Part 3280





Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 78 , No. 236 / Monday, December 9, 2013 / 
Rules and Regulations  

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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

24 CFR Part 3280

[Docket No. FR-5221-F-02]
RIN 2502-AI71


Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards

AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal Housing 
Commissioner, HUD.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Federal Manufactured Home 
Construction and Safety Standards by adopting certain recommendations 
made to HUD by the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee (MHCC), as 
modified by HUD. The National Manufactured Housing Construction and 
Safety Standards Act of 1974 (the Act) requires HUD to publish in the 
Federal Register all proposed revised construction and safety standards 
(Construction and Safety Standards, or Standards) submitted by the 
MHCC. The MHCC prepared and submitted to HUD its second group of 
recommendations to improve various aspects of the Construction and 
Safety Standards. HUD is including a number of revisions in this final 
rule to reflect recent changes to code standards adopted by private 
standard-setting organizations and recommended by the MHCC or members 
of the public. However, HUD has decided at this time not to go forward 
in this final rule with certain revisions contained in the proposed 
rule due to pending regulations for improving energy efficiency in 
manufactured homes currently being prepared by the Department of Energy 
(DOE). HUD has also decided not to move forward with its proposal to 
establish maximum formaldehyde emissions standards for particleboard 
materials used in Manufactured Housing flooring applications so that 
HUD can consider standards for formaldehyde being established by the 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances 
Control Act.

DATES: Effective Date: June 9, 2014. The incorporation by reference of 
certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of 
the Federal Register as of June 9, 2014.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Henry S. Czauski, Acting Deputy 
Administrator, Office of Manufactured Housing Programs, Office of 
Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th Street 
SW., Room 9164, Washington, DC 20410; telephone number 202-708-6409 
(this is not a toll-free number). Persons with hearing or speech 
impairments may access this number through TTY by calling the toll-free 
Federal Information Relay Service at 800-877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background

    The National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards 
Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5401-5426) (the Act) authorizes HUD to establish 
and amend the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety 
Standards (the Construction and Safety Standards, or Standards) 
codified in 24 CFR part 3280. The Act was amended in 2000 by the 
Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 2000 (Pub. L. 106-569), by 
expanding its purposes and creating the Manufactured Housing Consensus 
Committee (MHCC).
    As amended, the purposes of the Act (enumerated at 42 U.S.C. 5401) 
are: ``(1) to protect the quality, durability, safety, and 
affordability of manufactured homes; (2) to facilitate the availability 
of affordable manufactured homes and to increase homeownership for all 
Americans; (3) to provide for the establishment of practical, uniform, 
and, to the extent possible, performance-based Federal construction 
standards for manufactured homes; (4) to encourage innovative and cost-
effective construction techniques for manufactured homes; (5) to 
protect residents of manufactured homes with respect to personal 
injuries and the amount of insurance costs and property damages in 
manufactured housing consistent with the other purposes of this 
section; (6) to establish a balanced consensus process for the 
development, revision, and interpretation of Federal construction and 
safety standards for manufactured homes and related regulations for the 
enforcement of such standards; (7) to ensure uniform and effective 
enforcement of Federal construction and safety standards for 
manufactured homes; and (8) to ensure that the public interest in, and 
need for, affordable manufactured housing is duly considered in all 
determinations relating to the Federal standards and their 
enforcement.''
    In addition, the amended Act generally requires HUD to establish 
Construction and Safety Standards that are reasonable and practical, 
meet high standards of protection, are performance-based, and are 
objectively stated. Congress specifically established the MHCC to 
develop proposed revisions to the Construction and Safety Standards. 
The Act provides specific procedures (42 U.S.C. 5403) for the MHCC 
process.
    The MHCC held its first meeting in August 2002 and began work on 
reviewing possible revisions to the Construction and Safety Standards. 
As the MHCC proceeded, proposed revisions to the Construction and 
Safety Standards were divided into sets. The first set of revisions 
proposed by the MHCC was published as a final rule in the Federal 
Register on November 30, 2005 (70 FR 72024). This final rule is based 
in part on the second set of MHCC proposals to revise the Construction 
and Safety Standards published as a proposed rule in the Federal 
Register on July 13, 2010 (75 FR 39871).
    Based upon HUD's review of this rulemaking, HUD has decided not to 
include in this final rule certain revisions contained in the proposed 
rule due to overlapping jurisdiction and potential conflicts with 
pending regulations for improving energy efficiency in manufactured 
homes being prepared by DOE under the Energy Independence and Security 
Act (Pub. L. 110-140, approved December 19, 2007) (EISA). DOE published 
an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking soliciting information on the 
design, construction, financing, operating costs, and other areas for 
relevance to establishing and implementing energy standards for 
manufactured housing in 2010 (75 FR 7556, February 22, 2010). Given the 
DOE rulemaking, HUD has decided at this time not to adopt the proposed 
modifications to Sec. Sec.  3280.503, 3280.505, 3280.506, 3280.508, 
3280.509,\1\ 3280.510, 3280.511, 3280.703, 3280.715(a)(4), and 
3280.715(a)(6).
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    \1\ HUD is substituting a table for this section.
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    HUD has also decided not to include in this final rule proposals to 
create a separate formaldehyde emissions limit for particleboard 
flooring materials of 0.2 ppm and adding medium density fiberboard 
materials (MDF) as a formaldehyde-regulated material with an emissions 
limit of 0.3 ppm. HUD is taking this action in view of its statutory 
requirement to develop reduced formaldehyde emission standards for 
composite wood products used in manufactured homes that reflect the 
national standards for formaldehyde emissions from those products that 
is currently being developed by the EPA under the Toxic Substances 
Control Act as amended by Section 2, Title VI--Formaldehyde Standards 
For Composite Wood Products.
    Finally, in consideration of the public comments and HUD's 
experience implementing the program, HUD has

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also made certain editorial revisions to other sections in the proposed 
rule. In general, the revisions adopt changes to the codified 
regulations that reflect code revisions adopted by private standard-
setting organizations. HUD declined to adopt some standards in selected 
instances based on such considerations as cost and public safety. In 
addition, HUD has decided at this time not to adopt the some code 
revisions because they have been implemented for only a short period of 
time and their effect is uncertain.

II. Analysis of Public Comments

The Commenters

    The public comment period on the proposed rule closed on September 
10, 2010, and five public comments were received. Comments were 
submitted by a code-making organization, a manufactured housing trade 
association, two material trade associations, and a member of the 
public, and covered a wide range of subjects. This section presents the 
significant issues, questions, and suggestions submitted by public 
commenters, and HUD's response to these issues, questions, and 
suggestions.
    The commenters were generally supportive of the proposed rule but 
offered specific recommendations to particular sections of the 
construction and safety standards. For instance, they supported the 
proposal's recognition of model codes and other standards and the 
potential benefit of uniform and effective enforcement of Federal 
construction and safety standards for manufactured homes. One 
commenter, for example, stated that the regulation's safety driven 
requirements will prevent, mitigate, or reduce the number of injuries 
to people living in HUD-constructed homes and promote honesty among 
contractors who are inclined to take short cuts that frequently create 
safety hazards and/or substandard conditions for the people who reside 
in the homes. Nevertheless, the commenters raised a number of technical 
cost and safety issues that are discussed in the following section. The 
following is a summary of the comments received on the proposed rule:
    Comment: Requirements for code references for similar building 
materials should be consistent with the International Residential Code. 
One commenter noted that it would be preferable for requirements for 
manufactured housing that are consistent with code references and with 
requirements for similar materials and building elements regulated by 
the International Residential Code (IRC), for consistency of 
enforcement by various compliance authorities. It was noted that 
standards contained in the proposed rule for areas such as glazing and 
water conservation were consistent with the IRC. However, the commenter 
noted there were inconsistencies between the proposed rule and the IRC, 
including, for example, alternate test methods in the IRC for 
determining flame spread ratings of thermal insulating materials.
    Response: This recommendation was not accepted by HUD. HUD did not 
include certain IRC standards since those reference standards were not 
included in the proposed rule and no technical comparisons or cost data 
was provided between IRC references and HUD reference standards in 
support of the recommendation.
    Comment: Exit Facilities: Exterior Doors Width. A commenter 
suggested that IRC Section R311, Means of Egress, requires doors to 
provide a minimum clear width of 32 inches and a minimum height of 78 
inches, which are 4 inches larger for both dimensions than HUD's 
requirements under Sec.  3280.105. The commenter suggested that the 
difference may be explained by the interest of minimizing costs. (See 
Sec.  3280.105.)
    Response: HUD did not accept this recommendation, as the issue of 
exterior passage door width for egress is currently being reviewed by 
the MHCC. In addition, there are two exterior doors required in 
manufactured homes for egress by the HUD Standards while only one 
exterior passage door is required for egress by the IRC.
    Comment: Toilet Compartment Width. A commenter noted that while the 
proposed rule is generally consistent with IRC Section R308, Toilet, 
Bath and Shower Spaces, the proposed rule permits a minimum dimension 
of 12 inches from a tub edge, while the IRC requires a minimum of 15 
inches from the tub edge. The commenter suggests that cost may be a 
factor. (See Sec.  3280.111.)
    Response: HUD did not accept this proposal to increase the minimum 
dimension of 12 inches to 15 inches from the toilet to a bathtub edge 
due to room geometry constraints and the generally smaller room sizes 
in manufactured homes. In addition, it would be burdensome and costly 
for the industry to redesign toilet compartment spaces for a practice 
that has been ergonomically acceptable since the inception of the HUD 
Standards.
    Comment: Adopt the Performance Requirement for Individual 
Thermostatic Pressure Balancing and Combination Control for Bathing 
Facilities. A commenter recommended that HUD update the ASSE 1016 
standard, Automatic Compensating Values for Individual Shower and Tub/
Shower Combinations, from the 1996 edition to the 2005 edition. (See 
Sec.  3280.607 Plumbing Fixtures.)
    Response: HUD accepted this comment, and the ASSE 1016 standard, 
2005 edition, has been included in the final rule. (See Sec.  3280.607 
Plumbing Fixtures.)
    Comment: Require sprinkler systems in manufactured housing. A 
commenter recommended that HUD may want to consider whether sprinkler 
systems should be required in manufactured housing. The commenter 
stated that retrofitting manufactured housing units with this type of 
system might be expensive, but despite the incremental cost impact, 
using sprinklers to extinguish fires rapidly has proven to save lives 
and dramatically reduce property damages.
    Response: HUD declined to adopt the commenter's recommendation, as 
adoption of standards in this area would be premature. This issue is 
currently being considered by the MHCC. Recent fire data analysis 
prepared by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) indicated 
that HUD Standard units have a similar fire safety record to that of 
one- and two-family dwelling units. In addition, a comparison of code 
requirements between manufactured homes and one- and two-family homes 
shows many fire safety provisions for manufactured homes that are not 
included in model building codes for one- and two-family homes. 
Further, there is considerable cost impact to install a sprinkler 
system in a manufactured home for what would appear to be marginal 
benefits.
    Comment: Include anti-scald valves in the standards. Another 
commenter expressed support for the proposal to include anti-scald 
valves in the standards to prevent accidental burn injuries to children 
and others. (See Sec.  3280.607 Plumbing Fixtures.)
    Response: HUD adopted the commenter's recommendation and included 
it in the final rule. (See Sec.  3280.607 Plumbing Fixtures.)
    Comment: Revise the Reference Standards for Polyethylene (PEX) 
tubing and hot and cold water distribution systems. A commenter 
suggested updates for the new reference standards for polyethelene 
tubing and hot and cold water distribution systems.
    Response: HUD accepted the commenter's recommendations and 
incorporated these standards in the final rule (See Sec.  
3280.604(b)(2)). However, suggestions to add a number of other plumbing 
reference standards were not

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accepted, since they were not included in the proposed rule. There was 
also no information provided as to the potential impact of including 
costs and benefits associated with those proposed revisions to the 
current plumbing requirements.
    Comment: Update Glazing and Reference Standards. A commenter 
recommended further updates to glazing and skylight reference standards 
contained in the proposed rule. The commenter stated that AAMA/WDMA 
100/I.S 7--00. Voluntary Specifications for Skylights is no longer 
maintained as an industry standard, and had been replaced by the 
applicable provisions of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/1.S.2/A440-08: North 
American Fenestration Standard Specification for Windows, Doors, and 
Skylights, which is the appropriate reference standard for the 3280 
requirements. (See Sec. Sec.  3280.403(b)(2), 3280.403(e)(3).)
    Response: HUD accepted the commenters' recommendations to upgrade 
the standards beyond those in the proposed rule as the prior voluntary 
standard for skylights is no longer available and has been replaced in 
Sec. Sec.  3280.403(b)(2) and (e)(3) of the HUD Standards by the AAMA/
WDMA/CSA 101/1.S.2/A440-08, North American Fenestration Standard for 
Windows, Doors, and Skylights.
    Comment: Safety Glazing: One commenter noted that glass and glazed 
openings requirements under the proposed rule are generally consistent 
with IRC section R308, Glazing. Another commenter suggested updating 
the requirements for safety glazing to the 2004 standard.
    Response: HUD agreed with the commenters and has updated the ANSI 
Z97.1 reference Standard for Safety Glazing Materials used in 
Buildings--Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test in the 
final rule to the 2004 edition (See Sec.  3280.113(c).)
    Comment: Allow a microwave to serve as the cabinet protection for 
fire safety. A commenter supported the proposed revision to allow a 
microwave to serve as the cabinet protection for fire safety without 
the current requirement for a metal hood. The commenter stated that 
such proposed requirement would provide an alternative means of 
complying with current kitchen cabinet protection requirements and 
reduce materials and labor costs while providing the necessary fire 
protection. The commenter recommended that the provision be clarified 
to specify an ``Over-the-range'' microwave oven. (See Sec.  3280.204, 
Kitchen cabinet protection.)
    Response: HUD generally agrees with the commenter. HUD, therefore, 
allows use of a microwave oven is as an alternative compliance method 
to protect combustible kitchen cabinets in those situations where the 
oven is certified to comply with the requirements of Microwave Cooking 
Appliances in UL 923-2002, is installed between the cabinet and range, 
and is equivalent in fire protection to the metal range hood otherwise 
required by this section.
    Comment: Requirements for thermal insulating materials. A commenter 
noted that the requirements for thermal insulating materials in the 
proposed rule are generally consistent with IRC standard 225-96. The 
commenter noted that the test method referenced in Sec.  3280.207 is a 
standard of the NFPA while the two test methods permitted for 
determining the flames spread index in IRC are 302.10 and ASTM 
International E 84 or UL 723.
    The commenter suggested that HUD consider allowing these two 
alternate/additional test methods for determining the flames spread 
index, to permit additional flexibility to manufacturers. The commenter 
noted that the referenced (NFPA) standard was issued in 1996 and that 
the ASTM E 84 standard is available in an up-to-date 2010 version. The 
UL standard was also issued more recently than 1996. The addition of 
the two alternate test methods would have no incremental cost effect, 
and may reduce testing costs for manufacturers. (See Sec.  3280.207.)
    Response: HUD did not include the additional reference standards 
for flame spread testing in the final rule that were suggested by the 
commenter, as there was no technical information provided as to the 
comparability of the results that would be achieved by use of the 
alternate testing standards recommended.
    Comment: The standards should provide for the sizing of heating 
equipment to reflect the anticipated location. The commenter explained 
that the current requirements result, in some instances, in the sizing 
of equipment indicating the most extreme temperatures rather than the 
actual heating design temperature. The commenter submitted that the 
wide variance in temperature creates over-compensation in the design 
and provision of heating equipment and results in energy inefficiency, 
as well as in operating economy losses and declines in consumer 
comfort. (See Sec.  3280.510.)
    Response: HUD is not including in this final rule this proposed 
modification to Sec.  3280.510 in view of the DOE rulemaking for 
improving energy efficiency in manufactured homes noted earlier in this 
preamble.
    Comment: HUD should count the window sash toward the opening size 
requirement for egress. A commenter noted the cost impacts associated 
with the proposed change to prohibit removal of the window sash for 
determining the opening size for egress windows, and suggested 
maintaining the current standard. (See Sec.  3280.404(c)(2).)
    Response: HUD declined to adopt the commenter's recommendation to 
maintain the current standard, which allows the sash to be removed to 
meet the egress window size. HUD reconsidered the original standard in 
the proposed rule to permit the sash to be removed to meet the egress 
window size. HUD believes that safety considerations outweigh the cost 
impact. Accordingly, HUD adopted a change in the final rule to set the 
standard window size at a level that includes the sash. The sash cannot 
be removed to meet the egress window size requirements.
    Comment: Adopt the Alternative Language in the proposed rule for 
Comfort Cooling Certificate and Information. The proposed rule provides 
language that must be included in the comfort cooling certificate for 
homes in which a central air-conditioning system is provided by the 
home manufacturer. It also provides an alternative example certificate 
that contains language explaining the importance of orientation and 
exposure to the sun. (See Sec.  3280.511.)
    Response: HUD is not including in this final rule this proposed 
modification to Sec.  3280.511, in view of the DOE rulemaking for 
improving energy efficiency in manufactured homes as noted earlier in 
this preamble.
    Comment: Materials Update. A commenter stated that the standards 
for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) tubing in the proposed rule are out 
of date and considered it important that HUD use the updated standards. 
The updated standards identified by the commenter were Standard 
Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing--ASTM F876 
2010, and Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Hot 
and Cold Water Distribution Systems ASTM F877 2007.
    Response: HUD accepted this comment and updated the ASTM F876 and 
ASTM F877 standards. (See Sec.  3280.604(b)(2).)
    Comment: Plumbing Fixture Standard Update. A commenter suggested 
that the references to ASSE-1016 1996 may be out of date, and unusable 
by manufacturers. The commenter

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suggested an updated reference. (See Sec.  3280.607.)
    Response: HUD accepted this comment, and the ASSE 1016 standard, 
2005 edition, has been included in the final rule. (See Sec.  3280.607 
Plumbing Fixtures.)
    Comment: Eliminate the requirement to attach operating instructions 
to each appliance. A commenter also suggested that it is unnecessary to 
continue to require appliance operating instructions to be attached to 
each appliance if they are also required to be provided in the 
homeowners' manual. (See Sec.  3280.711 Instructions.)
    Response: HUD declines to adopt the recommendation. HUD has found 
that the instructions attached to the appliance are often discarded 
after the appliance is initially operated by consumers. Additionally, 
HUD notes that the requirement to have the instructions also provided 
in the manual is needed for future appliance maintenance.
    Comment: Circulating Systems. A commenter noted that the proposed 
rule requires Class 1 air ducts fiberglass to be no closer than 3 feet 
from the furnace bonnet or plenum and requires furnace supply plenums 
to be constructed of Class 0 air duct (metal), extending at least 3 
feet from a heat exchanger along the centerline of the airflow. The 
commenter stated that this proposed revision is contrary to a number of 
the instructions provided by furnace manufacturers and is not required 
by the IRC for single-family site-built housing. (See Sec.  3280.715.)
    Response: HUD did not accept this comment, as no technical data was 
provided by the commenter in support of eliminating this fire safety 
requirement.
    Comment: Modify requirements for placement of electrical 
distribution panels. A commenter suggested that HUD continue to allow 
the electrical distribution panel to be located in a clothes closet and 
be ``grandfathered in'' for existing designs. (See Sec.  3280.804.)
    Response: HUD declined to adopt the commenter's suggestion to 
grandfather in existing designs, because doing so would conflict with 
fire safety considerations and requirements in the National Electrical 
Code. (See Sec.  3280.804(f).) These considerations outweigh any design 
requirements associated with relocating the electrical panel outside of 
the closet area.
    Comment: Coordination with Appendix E. A commenter discussed IRC 
Appendix E, which describes the means and scope of inspections of 
manufactured housing installed on privately owned lots within a 
jurisdiction that adopts the Appendix. A commenter stated that because 
appendices are not mandatory unless adopted by the authority having 
jurisdiction, there may be issues that HUD may wish to coordinate with 
the requirements of Appendix E.
    Response: HUD declined to adopt the commenter's recommendations 
because Appendix E deals with siting, which is not a construction 
standard, and is addressed under another proposed rule.

III. This Final Rule

    The final rule will revise certain sections of the Construction and 
Safety Standards and will also revise the incorporated reference 
standards, where indicated. Most of the changes will codify existing 
building practices or conform HUD standards to previously issued HUD 
interpretive bulletins or existing building codes.

A. Incorporation by Reference

    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.4, by allowing the manufacturer 
to select which reference standard to incorporate into its designs and 
construction, where two or more reference standards are incorporated by 
reference for the same application or requirement. The final rule will 
not require that manufacturers comply with the most restrictive aspects 
of two or more standards in their designs and construction if more than 
one reference standard exists. While this change reflects a relaxation 
of current requirements by providing manufacturers with more 
flexibility in selecting materials, components, etc., to utilize in 
their production of homes, it is not a significant change. This is 
because the areas in which there are duplicate reference standards are 
very few and, for those that do exist, HUD believes the degree of 
differences in performance and safety between the reference standards 
(i.e., the restrictive and less restrictive) are not significant. HUD 
is also using this final rule to revise Sec.  3280.4, its centralized 
incorporation by reference section, to conform to updated Federal 
Register drafting guidance.

B. Planning Considerations

    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.105(a)(2), by establishing the 
method to be used when measuring the travel distance from the bedroom 
door to an exit door, a distance that must not exceed 35 feet. The 
final rule clarifies and standardizes the current method used by 
manufacturers to measure the travel distance as the distance from the 
center of the bedroom door to the center of the exit door.
    The final rule also revises the provisions for exit facilities/exit 
doors in Sec.  3280.105(b), to permit door seals to reduce the minimum 
required exterior door opening by one inch. This change will not change 
current construction requirements for exterior passage doors. Rather, 
it codifies an existing practice that has been previously permitted 
under Interpretative Bulletin B-1-76.
    The final rule also revises and makes editorial revisions to 
provisions for toilet requirements in Sec.  3280.111, by adding an 
additional minimum clearance dimension from the centerline of a toilet 
to any adjacent wall of at least 15 inches. This standard is consistent 
with both current design practice in manufactured homes and with 
similar requirements in residential building codes.
    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.113, by adding additional 
requirements regarding where safety glazing materials are to be located 
and how they are to be tested to determine whether they can be 
considered safety glazing materials. The rule also makes the existing 
requirements for location and testing of safety glazing materials 
consistent with other model building codes and residential construction 
practices. As a result, the final rule provides that safety glazing 
materials are any glazing material capable of meeting the requirements 
of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) or the Standard for 
Safety Glazing Materials used in Buildings--Safety Performance 
Specifications and Methods of Test used in ANSI Z97.1-2004.

C. Fire Safety

    The final rule adds an alternative means of complying with the 
kitchen cabinet protection requirements in Sec.  3280.204, by allowing 
the metal hood, \5/16\-inch gypsum board, and \3/8\-inch air space 
required by this section, to be omitted when a microwave oven certified 
as conforming to Underwriters Laboratories Standard UL 923-2002 is 
installed between the cabinet and the range. However, since the 
microwave oven would protect only combustible kitchen cabinet materials 
over the cooking range, all exposed surfaces along the bottom and sides 
of the cabinet also need to protected by at least \5/16\-inch gypsum 
board or the equivalent, in accordance with paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    The final rule adds fire safety and performance requirements for 
all types of thermal insulating materials under new section Sec.  
3280.207, Requirements for Thermal Insulating Materials. The current 
standards require evaluation of fire performance characteristics only 
of

[[Page 73970]]

foam plastic insulating materials. Because thermal insulation materials 
used in manufactured homes are the same type of insulation materials 
and characteristics used in residential building codes, they are 
expected to also comply with the fire-resistive properties in this 
final rule.

D. Body and Frame Requirements

    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.305(c)(1)(i) by clarifying that 
the net uplift roof load must not be reduced by the dead load of the 
roof structure for the purposes of preparing engineering calculations 
or in performing structural load testing. This change for roof uplift 
design makes no change to current engineering design practices. Rather, 
it codifies the current practices permitted under Interpretative 
Bulletin D-4-76.
    The final rule makes editorial revisions and also clarifies 
existing provisions in Sec.  3280.305(c) that address areas where state 
or local building codes requirements exceed the provisions for design 
roof loads and wind loads required by HUD Standards. For consideration 
of state or local requirements for wind loads, the final rule clarifies 
that wind mapping data or records will need to indicate that higher 
design loads are necessary.
    As noted earlier in this preamble, HUD has decided not to include 
in this final rule its proposed modifications to lower the existing 
requirements for control of formaldehyde emissions for particleboard 
materials, or to add new requirements to limit formaldehyde emissions 
from medium-density fiberboard materials in Sec.  3280.308. HUD intends 
to review the standards for formaldehyde currently being established by 
EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act.

E. Testing

    The final rule contains a conforming amendment to Sec.  3280.403, 
for the testing of skylights that is consistent with the revisions to 
Sec.  3280.305(c)(3)(iv) of the Construction and Safety Standards 
published in the Federal Register on November 30, 2005. The conforming 
amendment provides for skylights to be certified as complying with the 
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/1.S.2/A440-08, North American Fenestration Voluntary 
Standard Specification for Windows, Doors, and Skylights.
    Section 3280.404(c)(2) of the final rule will now prohibit any 
window that requires the removal of a sash to meet the egress size 
provisions of the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards 
from being classified as an egress window. This change will enhance 
egress and occupant safety in the event of an emergency.

F. Subpart F

    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.504(c) by allowing the use of 
liquid-applied vapor retarders, so long as a nationally recognized 
testing agency has approved its use on the specific substrate to which 
it is to be applied. This addition codifies the current practice of 
accepting liquid-applied vapor retarders as an alternative to other 
conventional vapor retarder materials required by this section.
    Section 3280.509(c) is revised by replacing the graph for 
determining the effective R values of compressed insulation with a 
table that allows for more precisely determining the effects on R 
values of nonuniform and uniform insulation compression for batt and 
blown insulation. This will provide a more accurate method for 
determining effective R value requirements when insulation is 
compressed or used in sloping roof cavities and will result in more 
accurate projections of heat loss and heat gain for manufactured homes 
than determined by the current graphical method.
    As noted earlier in this preamble, HUD has decided not to forward 
with its proposed modifications to Sec. Sec.  3280.503, 3280.505, 
3280.506, 3280.509, 3280.510, and 3280.511, because of standards for 
energy efficiency being developed by DOE under the Energy Independence 
and Security Act.

G. Plumbing Systems

    The final rule makes a conforming amendment to Sec.  3280.603(a)(2) 
on water conservation to limit each water closet to 1.6 gallons of 
water per flush. Section 3280.607(b)(2)(iii) was previously amended in 
the final rule published in the Federal Register on November 30, 2005, 
by requiring all water closets to be low-consumption (1.6 gallons per 
flush) closets. This conforming amendment will conserve water and help 
assure the continued availability of adequate water supplies, as well 
as reduce wastewater flows.
    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.603(b)(4), by adding a 
requirement that the installation instructions required by Sec.  
3280.306(b)(4) include a statement that any heat tape or pipe heating 
cable used be listed for use in manufactured homes. The final rule also 
revises this section with regard to the requirements for the receptacle 
outlet for connection of the heat tape or pipe heating cable to conform 
with the amended provisions to Sec.  3280.806(d).
    The final rule revises the table in 3280.604(b)(2), by 
incorporating standards for the installation of cross-linked 
polyethylene (PEX) plastic cold and hot water systems. This will permit 
the use of PEX plastic piping as an alternate piping material to other 
materials that may currently be used to supply hot and cold water 
systems.
    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.606(a)(2), by allowing a two or 
three compartment sink, up to three individual sinks or up to three 
lavatories and be connected to one ``P'' trap, to be considered as a 
single fixture for the purposes of drainage and ventilation under 
certain circumstances. This will allow more fixtures to be connected to 
one ``P'' trap than is currently permitted by the Standards and would 
be consistent with other residential model plumbing codes for similar 
three-fixture configurations.
    The final rule adds a new requirement in Sec.  3280.607(b)(3)(v) 
for shower, bath, and tub-shower combination valves to be either 
balanced pressure, thermostatic, or a combination of mixing valves that 
conforms to the requirements of ASSE 1016-2005, Performance 
Requirements for Automatic Compensating Values for Individual Shower 
and Tub/Shower Combinations. These valves will be required to have 
handle position stops that are adjustable to a maximum setting of 120 
[deg]F to prevent scalding and burn injuries to occupants from very hot 
water. This change will reduce the number of injuries and deaths 
resulting from tap water scald burns. Further, the Centers for Disease 
Control and Prevention (CDC) and other organizations report that a 
majority of scald burn victims are young children whose injuries may 
have been prevented by the use of an anti-scald valve.\2\ In addition, 
this revision is consistent with IRC requirements for single- and two-
family dwellings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. 
Department of Housing and Urban Development. Healthy Housing 
Reference Manual, Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human 
Services, 2006.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.607(b)(5)(ii) for the standpipe 
height required for laundry tubs from 30 inches to 42 inches above its 
trap and will require the standpipe to terminate in an accessible 
location no lower than the top of the clothes washing machine. This 
increase in standpipe height is also consistent with the IRC 
requirements for single- and two-family dwellings and will help prevent 
backflow and improve operation of clothes washers installed in 
manufactured homes.
    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.610(e), by permitting fixture 
drains that serve only a single lavatory fixture to be 1\1/4\ inches in 
diameter. This reduction in drain size for a single lavatory is not

[[Page 73971]]

significant and would provide adequate drainage flow and venting for 
individual lavatory fixtures.
    The final rule revises the requirements for anti-siphon trap vent 
devices in Sec.  3280.611(d), by redefining these devices as mechanical 
vents (see Sec.  3280.602) and by expanding the requirements to also 
include gravity-operated mechanical vents (also known as air admittance 
valves). This will allow manufacturers to use either type of mechanical 
vent (anti-siphon vent or air admittance valve) for venting of certain 
plumbing fixtures. In addition, Sec.  3280.611(f) is expanded to permit 
vent terminals either through wall extensions or into mechanical vent 
devices.

H. Heating, Cooling, and Fuel Burning Systems

    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.705(b) by permitting corrugated 
stainless steel tubing (CSST) systems to be used in gas piping systems, 
provided that these systems are installed in accordance with the 
requirements of ANSI/IAS LC-1-1997, Fuel Gas Piping Systems Using 
Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing. In addition, a table for sizing CSST 
systems is being added in Sec.  3280.705(d). Paragraph (h) of this 
section is also revised by permitting CSST to be run inside walls, 
floors, partitions, and roofs under specified conditions. CSST piping 
is currently permitted to be used in all other residential construction 
as a gas piping system by the model codes and state and local building 
codes.
    Sections 3280.707(a) and (d) and 3280.714(a) revise the energy 
efficiency and energy conservation requirements for comfort heating 
systems, water heaters, and cooling appliances so that they comply with 
the provisions of 10 CFR part 430, Energy Conservation Program for 
Consumer Products, the current applicable requirements for these 
appliances. Since the energy efficiency requirements cited in the 
proposed rule were determined to be no longer applicable to these 
appliances, they have been replaced by the above-cited requirements in 
the final rule. In addition, HUD has determined that these energy-
efficiency requirements for appliances are not affected by the energy-
efficiency standards being developed by DOE under the Energy 
Independence and Security Act.
    Section 3280.715 is revised by eliminating the use of Class 2 ducts 
and by deleting their definition from Sec.  3280.703, by requiring 
manufacturer's instructions to indicate that crossover ducts are not to 
be in contact with the ground and must be properly supported, and by 
requiring air supply crossover ducts in all Thermal Zones to have a 
minimal thermal resistance of R-8, unless installed in a basement. This 
change, eliminating the use of Class 2 air handling ducts, is 
consistent with the requirements of the IRC for one- and two-family 
dwellings, and would improve the fire safety and performance of air 
handling ducts by requiring the use of Class 0 or 1 ducts, which are 
more fire resistive than Class 2 ducts. The revision to increase the 
thermal resistance for crossover ducts will reduce heat loss and 
improve the energy efficiency of crossover ducts between sections of 
multisection manufactured homes.
    As noted in this preamble, HUD has decided not to forward with its 
proposed modifications to Sec. Sec.  3280.715(a)(4) and (a)(6).

I. Electrical Systems

    The final rule revises Sec.  3280.803 by requiring that a 1\1/4\ 
inch maximum continuous raceway is to be used when installing a power 
supply cord within the wall from the bottom of the distribution panel 
to the underside of the floor. This change and clarification is 
consistent with the current requirements of the National Electrical 
Code (NEC), NFPA 70-2005, which is currently incorporated by reference 
in the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. In 
addition, the requirement for installing service equipment in or on the 
home is revised in paragraph (k)(3) of this section by referencing the 
appropriate articles of the NEC, NFPA 70-2005.
    Section 3280.804(f) is amended by requiring the distribution 
panelboard to be located in an accessible location and not located in a 
bathroom or clothes closet. This revision is consistent with 
requirements for acceptable locations for electrical distribution 
panels in residential model codes and with the NEC.
    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.805, by requiring all countertop 
outlets in the kitchen to be supplied by not less than two of the small 
appliance branch circuits. However, one or more of the small appliance 
branch circuits may also supply other receptacle outlets in the 
kitchen, pantry, dining room, and breakfast room. In addition, the 
final rule amends Sec.  3280.805(a)(3)(vi) by requiring that bathroom 
receptacle outlets be supplied by at least one 20 ampere branch 
circuit. While such circuits can have no other outlets, it is 
permissible to place the outlet for a heat tape or pipe heating cable 
on a bathroom circuit, provided that all of the bathroom outlets are on 
the load side of the ground fault circuit interrupter.
    Section 3280.806(d) is revised by not including receptacle outlets 
in the floor that are 18 inches or more from the wall as part of the 
required receptacle outlets for the room; by permitting the heat tape 
or pipe heating cable outlet to be on the bathroom circuit, provided 
that all bathroom outlets are on the load side of the ground fault 
circuit interrupter; and by requiring receptacles in any countertop to 
not be in a face-up position. These changes are consistent with the 
requirements in residential model codes and the NEC.

J. Revisions to Standards Incorporated by Reference (Reference 
Standards)

    The following is a list of the standards incorporated by reference 
by this final rule. Each reference standard is preceded with an 
indicator to identify the type of change being made. A new reference 
standard being added is indicated by the designation ``N,'' while a 
reference standard being updated is indicated by the designation ``U.'' 
The sections of the Construction and Safety Standards that are being 
amended by each modification are also shown on the right of each 
reference standard being added or updated.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N--AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-                  North American            3280.403(b), 3280.403(e).
 08.                                               Fenestration Standard
                                                   Specification for
                                                   Windows, Doors and
                                                   Skylights.
U--ANSI Z21.23..................            1993  Gas Appliance             3280.703.
                                                   Thermostats.
N--ANSI A208.2..................            2002  Medium Density            3280.304(b).
                                                   Fiberboard (MDF) for
                                                   Interior Applications.
N--ANSI/IAS LC-1................            1997  Fuel Gas Piping Systems   3280.705(b).
                                                   Using Corrugated
                                                   Stainless Steel Tubing.
U--ANSI Z97.1 2004..............            2004  Standard for Safety       3280.113(c).
                                                   Glazing Materials used
                                                   in Buildings--Safety
                                                   Performance
                                                   Specifications and
                                                   Methods of Test.
U--APA S 812R...................            1998  Design and Fabrication    3280.304(b).
                                                   of Glued Plywood Lumber
                                                   Beams Plywood Design
                                                   Supplement 2.
U--APA U 814H...................            1993  Design and Fabrication    3280.304(b).
                                                   of Plywood Sandwiched
                                                   Panels Plywood Design
                                                   Supplement 4.

[[Page 73972]]

 
U--APA U 813L...................            1996  Design and Fabrication    3280.304(b).
                                                   of Plywood Stressed
                                                   Skin Panels, Plywood
                                                   Design Supplement
                                                   3.
N--APA E30R.....................            2001  Engineered Wood           3280.304(b).
                                                   Construction Guide.
N--ASSE 1016....................            2005  Performance Requirements  3280.607(b).
                                                   for Automatic
                                                   Compensating Values for
                                                   Individual Showers and
                                                   Tub/Shower Combinations.
U--ASTM C564....................            1997  Standard Specification    3280.604(b)(2), 3280.611(d).
                                                   for Rubber Gaskets for
                                                   Cast Iron Soil Pipe and
                                                   Fittings.
U--ASTM C920....................            2002  Standard Specification    3280.611(d).
                                                   for Elastomeric Joint
                                                   Sealants.
U--ASTM D3953...................            1997  Standard Specification    3280.306(b), 3280.306(g).
                                                   for Strapping, Flat
                                                   Steel, and Seals.
U--ASTM D4635...................            2001  Standard Specification    3280.611(d).
                                                   for Polyethylene Films
                                                   Made from Low-density
                                                   Polyethylene for
                                                   General Use and
                                                   Packaging Applications.
N--ASTM F876....................            2010  Standard Specification    3280.604(b)(2).
                                                   for Crosslinked
                                                   Polyethylene (PEX)
                                                   Tubing.
N--ASTM F877....................            2007  Standard Specification    3280.604(b)(2).
                                                   for Crosslinked
                                                   Polyethylene (PEX)
                                                   Plastic Hot- and Cold-
                                                   Water Distribution
                                                   Systems.
U--NFPA 31......................            2001  Standard for the          3280.703, 3280.707(f).
                                                   Installation of Oil
                                                   Burning Equipment.
N--NFPA 255.....................            1996  Standard Method of        3280.207(a).
                                                   Surface Burning
                                                   Characteristics of
                                                   Building Materials.
N--NFPA 253.....................            2000  Standard Method of Test   3280.207(c).
                                                   for Critical Radiant
                                                   Flux of Floor Covering
                                                   Systems Using a Radiant
                                                   Heat Source.
U--NIST PS 2-04.................            2004  Voluntary Product         3280.304(b).
                                                   Standard Performance
                                                   Standard for Wood-Based
                                                   Structural-Use Panels.
N--RADCO DS-010.................            1991  Decorative Gas            3280.703.
                                                   Appliances for
                                                   Installation in Solid
                                                   Fuel Burning Appliances.
N--UL 923.......................            2002  Microwave Cooking         3280.204(c).
                                                   Appliances.
N--CAN/ULC S102.2-M88...........            1988  Standard Method of Test   3280.207(b).
                                                   for Surface Burning
                                                   Characteristics of
                                                   Flooring, Floor
                                                   Covering, and
                                                   Miscellaneous Materials
                                                   and Assemblies.
U--UL 181.......................            2003  Factory Made Air Ducts    3280.702, 3280.703, 3280.715(a).
                                                   and Air Connectors.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

K. Accessibility Requirements for Persons With Disabilities

    In some situations, manufactured housing units subject to HUD's 
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards may be provided 
through a program or activity that receives federal financial 
assistance from HUD. When this is the case, Section 504 of the 
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794), and HUD's 
implementing regulations at 24 CFR part 8 are applicable, including the 
requirements at 24 CFR 8.22 that address accessibility in new 
construction. However, these requirements are not applicable to any 
individual or buyer that obtains Federal Housing Administration 
financing when purchasing a manufactured housing unit. When working 
with a recipient of HUD funds, manufacturers must be prepared to 
produce manufactured housing units that meet the accessibility 
standards provided in 24 CFR part 8. There regulations currently 
incorporate the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) (see 24 
CFR 8.32).

IV. Findings and Certifications

Regulatory Review--Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Under Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review), a 
determination must be made whether a regulatory action is significant 
and therefore, subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget 
(OMB) in accordance with the requirements of the order. Executive Order 
13563 (Improving Regulations and Regulatory Review) directs executive 
agencies to analyze regulations that are ``outmoded, ineffective, 
insufficient, or excessively burdensome, and to modify, streamline, 
expand, or repeal them in accordance with what has been learned. 
Executive Order 13563 also directs that, where relevant, feasible, and 
consistent with regulatory objectives, and to the extent permitted by 
law, agencies are to identify and consider regulatory approaches that 
reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of choice for the 
public.
    This rule is not a ``significant regulatory action,'' as defined in 
section 3(f) of the Order, and it was not reviewed by OMB. As the 
preamble highlights, this rule amends several construction and safety 
standards under the National Manufactured Housing and Construction and 
Safety Standards Act of 1974. However, most of the changes codify 
existing practices or conform HUD standards to existing building codes.
    Only two standards included in this rule have an impact on the 
production cost of manufactured homes: the requirement that shower and 
bath valves use anti-scald mixing valves, and the increase in minimum 
insulation levels for cross-under ducts. HUD's review of this final 
rule determined that it will impose costs equaling $4.057 million and 
create discounted present value of benefits totaling $6.264 million to 
$14.069 million, depending on the discount rate. HUD's analysis, as 
discussed herein, uses a cohort analysis to examine the benefits and 
costs generated by these changes as applied to a single year's 
production of manufactured homes. More specifically, the costs 
associated with these changes are one-time costs at the time of 
production, while the benefits from the anti-scald valve and increased 
insulation accrue throughout the life of the home.
    Currently, producers of manufactured housing may use non-pressure 
balanced mixing valves in bathtubs and showers. The cost of non-
pressure balanced mixing value generally totals $30 per valve. This 
final rule estimates the per-unit cost to producers to purchase 
pressure balanced/anti-scald mixing valve to be $55, or an increase of 
$25 per valve. The average number of mixing valves is one per single-
section home and two per multisection home. Thus, the cost is $25 per 
single-section home and $50 per multisection home.
    The number of annual manufactured home placements since 1999 has 
decreased considerably. The annual rate of placements in 2009 was 
estimated at 58,100. Of these, 20,900 were estimated to be single-
section homes, 36,000 were estimated to be double-section homes, and 
1,200 were estimated to have more

[[Page 73973]]

than two sections. Although this trend in annual placements has 
continued to decrease, this analysis assumes an annual placement of 
58,100 manufactured homes. In addition, this analysis assumes that the 
cost of requiring the use of an anti-scald valve at the point of 
production of the home is less than installation at some later time. 
This assumption is based on the fact that replacing a mixing valve with 
an anti-scald valve at some later date would require the use of a 
licensed plumber for several hours to make the change and a higher cost 
to purchase the anti-scald valve(s) due to the volume purchasing power 
of manufacturers as compared to individual purchasers.
    Accordingly, based on this annual placement rate, the total cost of 
the anti-scald valve requirement is $522,500 for single-section homes 
($25 per home * 20,900 single-section homes). For multisection homes, 
the total cost is $1.86 million ($50 per home * 37,200 multisection 
homes). The combined cost totals $2.383 million. (Note: These cost 
estimates are conservative, as the annual number of placements since 
2010 did not exceed the rate of placements assumed in the analysis.)
    The second cost comes from the increase in the minimum insulation 
levels for cross-under ducts. These ducts are used in multisection 
homes to carry heat from one section to another. Thus, there is no cost 
increase for single-section homes. The cost per square foot of 
insulation for multisection homes would increase from $1.25 per square 
foot of R-4 insulated cross-under duct to $3.50 per square foot of R-8 
insulated cross-under duct, or $2.25 per square foot. On average there 
are 20 square feet of insulation needed per multisection home. Thus, 
the total cost of increasing the minimum insulation level is $1.674 
million ($2.25 per square foot * 20 square feet per home * 37,200 
homes). (Note: These cost estimates are conservative, as the annual 
number of placements since 2010 did not exceed the rate of placements 
assumed in the analysis.)
    In estimating the benefits of these two requirements, HUD has 
considered that requiring anti-scald valves would reduce the number of 
injuries and deaths resulting from tap water scald burns. Although 
statistics specific to scald burns in manufactured homes are 
unavailable, according to Safe Kids, a nonprofit organization dedicated 
to preventing accidental childhood injury, hot tap water accounts for 
nearly 25 percent of all scald burns among children and is associated 
with more deaths and hospitalizations than any other hot liquid burns. 
Statistics reported by the CDC indicate that almost 3,000 people are 
hospitalized annually due to scald burns from tap water in the home.\3\ 
The Safe Kids organization, however, reports that in 2002, 22,600 
children received emergency room treatments for scald burns,\4\ 
approximately 25 percent (5,560) coming from hot tap water. This 
analysis uses the CDC estimate of 3,000, which is a conservative 
estimate that represents the lower bound of scald injuries prevented.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. 
Department of Housing and Urban Development. Healthy Housing 
Reference Manual. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human 
Services, 2006.
    \4\ Safe Kids Web site: http://www.usa.safekids.org/tier3_cd.cfm?folder_id=540&content_item_id=1011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Safe Kids organization estimates that hospital costs for 
admitted scald burn patients average $22,700.\5\ Although this estimate 
includes only children under the age of 14, this group comprises a 
large percentage of scald burn injuries. Finally, based on the number 
of occupied housing units in the 2007 American Housing Survey (AHS),\6\ 
newly placed manufactured housing accounts for 0.05% of occupied 
housing units. If tap water scalds are evenly distributed across all 
housing units,\7\ then 1.5 burns (3,000 total scald burns * 0.05% in 
newly placed manufactured housing) could be prevented annually for 
annual savings of $35,744 (3,000 burn victims * 0.05% in manufactured 
homes * $22,700 in hospital costs).\8\ OMB Circular A-94, which 
provides guidance on economic analyses required under Executive Order 
12866, requires the present discounted value of annual benefits using 
alternative discount rates 3 percent and 7 percent. The discounted 
present value of savings from the use of anti-scald valves totals 
$1.227 million using the 3 percent rate and $0.546 million using the 7 
percent rate. Note that using the Safe Kids estimate of 5,560 would 
increase these amounts to almost 3 scald burns and $66,246 in hospital 
care avoided annually. The discounted present value of savings assuming 
the higher estimate of burns totals $2.274 million using the 3 percent 
discount rate and $1.013 million using the 7 percent discount rate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ National SAFE KIDS Campaign (NSKC). Burn Injury Fact Sheet. 
Washington (DC): NSKC, 2004.
    \6\ See 2007 AHS, Table 2-1.
    \7\ If state and local codes that regulate traditional ``stick-
built'' housing predominantly require anti-scald valves, then this 
distribution may not be even across housing types. For this reason, 
manufactured homes may account for a larger than proportionate share 
of scald burns.
    \8\ Anti-scald valves decrease the maximum water temperature to 
120 degrees. At this temperature, it would take 8 minutes of 
exposure to receive second-degree burns and 10 minutes for third-
degree burns. While this does not completely eliminate the risk of 
scald burns, this risk does not need to be completely eliminated for 
benefits to be realized.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to prevented injuries and hospitalizations, the anti-
scald valve requirement will also reduce the number of deaths resulting 
from scald burns. Aside from the 3,000 to 5,560 scald burns occurring 
each year, the National Coalition to Prevent Childhood Injury estimates 
that 100 deaths result from scald burns annually. As explained above, 
newly placed manufactured housing represents 0.05 percent of occupied 
housing units. Thus, if tap water scalds are evenly distributed across 
all housing units, then 0.05 burns annually, or one death every 20 
years, would be prevented. U.S. Federal Government estimates of the 
value of a human life range from $5 million used by the Consumer 
Product Safety Commission to $7.22 million used by the EPA. Using the 
lower estimate of $5 million, the discounted present value of prevented 
deaths from the use of anti-scald valves totals $9.010 million using 
the 3 percent rate and $4.012 million using the 7 percent rate.
    The insulation requirement will increase the energy efficiency of 
manufactured homes, which will decrease annual energy costs for 
homeowners. Based on estimates from the DOE's Energy Gauge model, 
owners of multisection homes, to which this requirement applies, would 
save approximately $3 in energy costs annually. Thus, the total annual 
benefits of this provision is $111,600 ($3 per home * 37,200 homes). 
Calculating the present value of the stream of benefits into the future 
yields a discounted present value of $3.832 million in energy savings 
using the 3 percent discount rate and $1.706 million using the 7 
percent discount rate.
    A summary of HUD's calculation of benefits from the anti-scald 
valve and insulation requirements follows:

[[Page 73974]]



                                             Benefits of Final Rule
                                    Benefits of Anti-Scald Valve Requirement
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Value of Injuries Prevented
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual hospitalizations due to scald burns from tap water.......................................           3,000
New manufactured housing share of total occupied housing units..................................           0.05%
Average Cost of Scald Burn Victim...............................................................          22,700
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual Value of Benefits........................................................................         $35,744
Discounted Present Value (3% Discount Rate).....................................................      $1,227,178
Discounted Present Value (7% Discount Rate).....................................................        $546,358
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Value of Deaths Prevented
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual deaths due to scald burns from tap water.................................................             100
New manufactured housing share of total occupied housing units..................................           0.05%
Value of life...................................................................................       5,000,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Value of Benefits...............................................................................        $262,438
Discounted Present Value (3% Discount Rate).....................................................      $9,010,323
Discounted Present Value (7% Discount Rate).....................................................      $4,011,532
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Benefits of Insulation Requirement
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      Single           Multi           Total
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
Number of Homes.................................................          20,900          37,200          58,100
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
Annual Savings per Home.........................................            0.00            3.00  ..............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual Value of Benefits........................................              $0        $111,600        $111,600
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
Discounted Present Value (3% Discount Rate).....................................................      $3,831,566
Discounted Present Value (7% Discount Rate).....................................................      $1,705,872
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Discounted Present Value of Benefits of Rule
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           Discount rate
                                                                 ---------------------------------
                                                                                        3%              7%
                                                                 ---------------------------------
Anti-Scald Valve Requirement....................................................     $10,237,502      $4,557,890
Injuries Prevented..............................................................       1,227,178         546,358
Deaths Prevented................................................................       9,010,323       4,011,532
Insulation Requirement..........................................................       3,831,566       1,705,872
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discounted Present Value of Benefits............................................     $14,069,068      $6,263,762
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sources:
\1\ American Burn Association.
\2\ American Housing Survey (AHS), U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
\3\ National Safe Kids Campaign.

    In summary, this final rule will impose costs equaling $4.057 
million and create discounted present value of benefits totaling $6.264 
million to $14.069 million, depending on the discount rate. Thus, the 
total impact of this rule, the sum of the total costs and benefits, 
equals between $10.321 million and $18.126 million annually. (Note: 
These cost estimates are conservative, as the annual number of 
placements since 2010 did not exceed the rate of placements assumed in 
the analysis.)
    The docket file is available for public inspection in the 
Regulations Division, Office of General Counsel, Department of Housing 
and Urban Development, 451 7th Street SW., Washington, DC 20410-0500. 
Due to security measures at the HUD Headquarters building, an advance 
appointment to review the public comments must be scheduled by calling 
the Regulations Division at 202-402-3055 (this is not a toll-free 
number). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments may access this 
number through TTY by calling the Federal Information Relay Service at 
800-877-8339.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The modified information collection requirements contained in this 
final rule, at Sec. Sec.  3280.510, 3280.511, 3280.804, and 3280.813, 
have been submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for 
review under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520). 
In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may 
not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a 
collection of information, unless the collection displays a currently 
valid OMB control number. OMB has issued HUD the control number 2502-
0253 for the information collection requirements under the current 
Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Program.
    The public reporting burden for this modified collection of 
information is estimated to include the time for reviewing the 
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and 
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the 
collection of information. These modifications to the existing two 
labels would result in

[[Page 73975]]

no additional burden hours for completing the information collection 
currently accepted under control number 2502-0253.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 establishes 
requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their 
regulatory actions on state, local, and tribal governments and the 
private sector. This rule will not impose any Federal mandates on any 
state, local, or tribal government or the private sector within the 
meaning of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995.

Environmental Review

    A Finding of No Significant Impact with respect to the environment 
was made at the proposed rule stage in accordance with HUD regulations 
at 24 CFR part 50, which implement section 102(2)(C) of the National 
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)). The Finding of 
No Significant Impact remains applicable to this final rule and is 
available for public inspection between the hours of 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. 
weekdays in the Regulations Division, Office of General Counsel, 
Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th Street SW., Room 
10276, Washington, DC 20410-0500. Due to security measures at the HUD 
Headquarters building, please schedule an appointment to review the 
finding by calling the Regulations Division at 202-402-3055 (this is 
not a toll-free number). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments 
may access this number through TTY by calling the Federal Information 
Relay Service at 800-877-8339.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) 
generally requires an agency to conduct a regulatory flexibility 
analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking 
requirements, unless the agency certifies that the rule would not have 
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. This rule regulates establishments primarily engaged in 
making manufactured homes (NAICS 32991). The Small Business 
Administration's size standards define an establishment primarily 
engaged in making manufactured homes as small if it does not exceed 500 
employees. Of the 222 firms included under this NAICS definition, 198 
are small manufacturers that fall below the small business threshold of 
500 employees. The final rule will apply to all of the manufacturers. 
The rule would thus affect a substantial number of small entities, but 
would not have a significant economic impact on these small entities.
    Based on an analysis of the costs and the fact that a small 
manufacturer would just as likely produce homes at the higher end of 
the cost spectrum as would a major producer, evaluating the effect of 
the increase is not discernible based on the size of the manufacturing 
operation. For the reasons stated below, HUD knows of no instance of a 
manufacturer with fewer than 500 employees that would be economically 
affected significantly by this rule. As the preamble discusses, the 
overwhelming majority of the revisions to the Construction and Safety 
Standards proposed by this rule are directed to relieving burden on all 
manufacturers by having the Standards be consistent with current design 
and construction standards or state and local codes. Reducing the 
differences between the Federal standards for design and construction 
of manufactured homes with current industry standards reduces burden 
for all manufacturers.
    As discussed under the ``Regulatory Planning and Review'' section 
of this preamble, the annual economic impact of this rule is not 
significant, since the changes made by this rule are largely changes 
conforming to current industry practices and current building codes. 
This assessment shows that this does not represent a significant 
economic effect on either an industry-wide or per-unit basis.
    The relatively small increase in cost for the manufacturer 
associated with this proposed rule would not impose a significant 
burden on a small business for manufacturing homes that can cost the 
purchaser between $40,000 and $100,000. Therefore, although this rule 
would affect a substantial number of small entities, it would not have 
a significant economic impact on them. Therefore, the undersigned 
certifies that this rule will not have a significant impact on a 
substantial number of small entities.

Executive Order 13132, Federalism

    Executive Order 13132 (entitled ``Federalism'') prohibits an agency 
from publishing any rule that has federalism implications if the rule 
either: (i) Imposes substantial direct compliance costs on state and 
local governments and is not required by statute, or (2) preempts state 
law, unless the agency meets the consultation and funding requirements 
of section 6 of the Order. This final rule does not have federalism 
implications, within the meaning of the Executive Orders, and would not 
impose substantial direct compliance costs on state and local 
governments nor preempt state law within the meaning of the Order.

V. Incorporation by Reference

    These incorporated standards are approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of these standards may be 
obtained from the organization that developed the standard. As 
described in Sec.  3280.4, these standards are also available for 
inspection at HUD's Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured 
Housing and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). 
This final rule incorporates standards developed by the following 
organizations:

    AAMA--American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 1827 
Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173, telephone 
number 847-303-5664, fax number 847-303-5774, Web site: http://www.aamanet.org.
    ANSI--American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd 
Street, 4th floor, New York, NY 10018, telephone number 212-642-
4900, fax number 212-398-0023, Web site: http://www.ansi.org.
    APA--The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 South 19th Street 
Tacoma, WA 98411, telephone number 253-565-6600, fax number 253-565-
7265, Web site: http://www.apawood.org.
    ASSE--American Society of Sanitary Engineering, 901 Canterbury, 
Suite A, Westlake, OH 44145, telephone number 440-835-3040, fax 
number 440-835-3488, Web site: http://www.asse-plumbing.org.
    ASTM--American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr 
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, telephone number 610-832-
9500, fax number 610-832-9555, Web site: http://www.astm.org.
    CSA (IAS)--CSA International (formerly International Approval 
Services), 850 East Pleasant Valley Road, Independence, OH 44131, 
telephone number 216-524-4990, fax number 216-642-3463, Web site: 
http://www.csa-international.org.
    NFPA--National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, 
Quincy, MA 02269, telephone number 617-770-3000, fax number 617-770-
0700, Web site: http://www.nfpa.org.
    PS--U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards 
and Technology (NIST), Office of Engineering Standards, Room A-166, 
Technical Building, Washington, DC 20234 and Voluntary Product 
Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 2100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2100, 
telephone number 301-975-4000, fax number 301-975-4715, Web site: 
http://www.nist.gov.
    RADCO--Resources, Applications, Designs, & Controls, Inc., 3220 
East 59th Street Long Beach, CA 90805, telephone number 562-272-
7231, fax number 562-529-7513, Web site: http://www.astm.org.

[[Page 73976]]

    UL--Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, 
IL 60062, telephone number 847-272-8800, fax number 847-509-6257, 
Web site: http://www.ul.com.
    WDMA--Window & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA), 
(previously known as the National Wood Window and Door Association, 
(NWWDA)), 2025 M Street NW., Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036-3309, 
telephone number, 202-367-1157, Web site: https://www.wdma.com.

List of Subjects in 24 CFR Part 3280

    Housing standards, Incorporation by reference, Manufactured homes.

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance

    The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance number for Manufactured 
Housing Construction and Safety Standards is 14.171.
    Accordingly, for the reasons stated in the preamble, HUD is 
amending 24 CFR part 3280 as follows:

PART 3280--MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS

0
1. The authority citation for part 3280 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 3535(d), 5403, and 5424.

0
2. Revise Sec.  3280.4 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.4  Incorporation by reference.

    (a) The specifications, standards, and codes of the following 
organizations are incorporated by reference in 24 CFR part 3280 (this 
Standard) pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51 as though set 
forth in full. The incorporation by reference of these standards has 
been approved by the Director of the Federal Register. Incorporated 
standards have the same force and effect as this Standard (24 CFR part 
3280), except that whenever reference standards and this Standard are 
inconsistent, the requirements of this Standard prevail to the extent 
of the inconsistency. The Department will enforce the listed editions 
of material incorporated by this section. Where two or more 
incorporated standards are equivalent in application, the manufacturer 
may use either standard. If a later edition is to be enforced, the 
Department will publish a notice of change in the Federal Register. 
These incorporated standards are available for purchase from the 
organization that developed the standard at the corresponding addresses 
noted below. Incorporated standards are available for inspection at the 
Office of Manufactured Housing Program, Manufactured Housing and 
Construction Standards Division, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 
Development, 451 Seventh Street SW., Room B-133, Washington, DC 20410. 
Copies of incorporated standards that are not available from their 
producer organizations may be obtained from the Office of Manufactured 
Housing Programs. These standards are also available for inspection at 
the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For more 
information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-
6030 or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal_register.
    (b) Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute (ARI), 4100 North 
Fairfax Drive, Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203, telephone number 703-
524-8800, fax number 703-528-3816, Web site: http://www.lightindustries.com/ARI/.
    (1) ANSI/ARI Standard 210/240-89, Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-
Source Heat Pump Equipment, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.511(b), 
3280.703, and 3280.714(a),
    (2) [Reserved].
    (c) Aluminum Association (AA), 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 600, 
Arlington, VA 22209; telephone number 703-358-2960, fax number 703-358-
3921; Web site: http://www.aluminum.org.
    (1) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for 
Aluminum Structures, Part 1-A, Sixth Edition, October 1994, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for 
Aluminum Structures, Part 1-B, First Edition, October 1994, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (d) American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), 1827 
Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173, telephone number 
847-303-5664, fax number 847-303-5774, Web site: http://www.aamanet.org.
    (1) AAMA 1503.1-88, Voluntary Test Method for Thermal Transmittance 
and Condensation Resistance of Windows, Doors, and Glazed Wall 
Sections, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.508(e).
    (2) AAMA 1600/I.S.7-00, Voluntary Specification for Skylights, 2003 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.305(c).
    (3) AAMA 1701.2-95, Voluntary Standard Primary Window and Sliding 
Glass Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.403(e) and 3280.404(b).
    (4) AAMA 1702.2-95, Voluntary Standard Swinging Exterior Passage 
Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.405(b) and (e).
    (5) AAMA Standard 1704-1985, Voluntary Standard Egress Window 
Systems for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.404(b).
    (6) AAMA/WDMA/CSA/101/I.S.2/A440-08 North American Fenestration 
Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors and Skylights, January 2008, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.403(b) and (e).
    (7) ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S.2-97,Voluntary Specifications for 
Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood Windows and Glass Doors, IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (e) American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA), 1111 Nineteenth 
Street, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036 (previously named National 
Forest Products Association (NFPA), telephone number 1-800-878-8878, 
Web site: http://www.afandpa.org.
    (1) AFPA, Design Values for Joists and Rafters 1992, IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) AFPA PS-20-70, Span Tables for Joists and Rafters, 1993, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (3) ANSI/AFPA NDS-2001, National Design Specifications for Wood 
Construction, 2001 Edition, with Supplement, Design Values for Wood 
Construction, November 30, 2001, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (4) AFPA, Wood Structural Design Data, 1986 Edition with 1992 
Revisions, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (f) American Gas Association (AGA), 400 North Capitol Street NW., 
Washington, DC 20001, telephone number 202-824-7000, Web site: http://www.aga.org/Pages/default.aspx.
    (1) AGA No. 3-87, Requirements for Gas Connectors for Connection of 
Fixed Appliances for Outdoor Installation, Park Trailers, and 
Manufactured (Mobile) Homes to the Gas Supply, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703.
    (2) [Reserved].
    (g) American Hardboard Association (AHA), 1210 West NW Highway, 
Palatine, IL 60067, Web site: http://hardboard.org.
    (1) ANSI/AHA A135.4-1995, Basic Hardboard, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (2) ANSI/AHA A135.5-1995, Prefinished Hardboard Paneling, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (3) ANSI/AHA A135.6-1998, Hardboard Siding, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (h) American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One East 
Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60601, telephone number 312-670-2400, fax 
number 312-670-5403, Web site: http://www.aisc.org/.
    (1) AISC-S335, 1989. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings--
Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design (except for the following 
parts of this standard

[[Page 73977]]

which are not incorporated by reference: 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5, 1.3.6, 
1.4.6, 1.5.1.5, 1.5.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10.4 through 1.10.7, 
1.10.9, 1.11, 1.13, 1.14.5, 1.17.7 through 1.17.9, 1.19.1, 1.19.3, 
1.20, 1.21, 1.23.7, 1.24, 1.25.1 through 1.25.5, 1.26.4, 2.3, 2.4, 2.8 
through 2.10), June 1, 1989, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b) 
and 3280.305(j).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (i) American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 Massachusetts 
Ave., NW., Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001, telephone number 202-452-
7100, Web site: http://www.steel.org.
    (1) AISI, Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel 
Structural Members, 1996, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b) and 
3280.305(j).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (j) American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd 
Street, 4th floor, New York, NY 10018, telephone number 212-642-4900, 
fax number 212-398-0023, Web site: http://www.ansi.org.
    (1) ANSI A112.14.1-1975, Backflow Valves, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(b).
    (2) ANSI A112.19.5-1979, Trim for Water Closet, Bowls, Tanks, and 
Urinals, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (3) ANSI/AITC A190.1-1992, For wood products--Structural Glued 
Laminated Timber, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (4) ANSI A208.1-1999, Particleboard, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (5) ANSI A208.2-2002, Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) For Interior 
Applications, approved May 13, 2002, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (6) ANSI B16.18-1984, Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure 
Fittings, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (7) ANSI C72.1-1972, section 4.3.1, Household Automatic Electric 
Storage Type Water Heaters, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.707(d).
    (8) ANSI/IAS LC 1-1997, Fuel Gas Piping Systems Using Corrugated 
Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST), approved October 28, 1996, IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.705(b).
    (9) ANSI Z21.1-2000, Household Cooking Gas Appliances, IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.703.
    (10) ANSI Z21.5.1-1999, Gas Clothes Dryers Volume 1, Type 1 Clothes 
Dryers, with Addendum Z21.5.1a-1999, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (11) ANSI Z21.10.1-1998, Gas Water Heaters--Volume 1, Storage Water 
Heaters with Input Ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or Less, with 
Addendum Z21.10.1a-2000, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703 and 
3280.707(d).
    (12) ANSI Z21.15-1997, Manually Operated Gas Valves for Appliances, 
Appliance Connector Valves and Hose End Valves, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.703 and 3280.705(c).
    (13) ANSI Z21.19-1990, with Addendum ANSI Z21.19a-1992 and Z21.19b-
1995, Refrigerators Using Gas Fuel, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (14) ANSI Z21.20 with Addendum Z21.20a-2000, Automatic Gas Ignition 
Systems and Components, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (15) ANSI Z21.21-2000, Automatic Valves for Gas Appliances, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (16) ANSI Z21.22-1999, Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems, 
IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b) and 3280.703.
    (17) ANSI Z21.23-1993, Gas Appliance Thermostats, approved August 
10, 1993, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (18) ANSI Z21.24-1997/CGA 6.10-M97, Connectors for Gas Appliances, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (19) ANSI Z21.40.1-1996/CGA 2.91-M96, Gas-Fired, Heat Activated Air 
Conditioning and Heat Pump Appliances, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.703 and 3280.714(a).
    (20) ANSI Z21.47-1990 with Addendum Z21.47a-1990 and Z21.47b-1992, 
Gas-Fired Central Furnaces (Except Direct Vent System Central 
Furnaces), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (21) ANSI Z34.1-1993, Third-Party Certification Programs for 
Products, Processes, and Services, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.403(e) and 3280.405(e).
    (22) ANSI Z97.1-2004, Standard for Safety Glazing Materials used in 
Buildings--Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test, 
copyright 2004, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.113(c), 3280.304(b), 
3280.403(d)(1), 3280.604(b), and 3280.607(b).
    (23) ANSI Z124.1-1987, Plastic Bathtub Units with Addendum Z124.1a-
1990 and Z124.1b-1991, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (24) ANSI Z124.2-1987, Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower Stalls 
with Addendum Z124.2a-1990, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (25) ANSI Z124.3-1986, Plastic Lavatories with Addendum Z124.3a-
1990, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (26) ANSI Z124.4-1986, Plastic Water Closets, Bowls, and Tanks with 
Addenda Z124.4a-1990, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (27) ANSI Z124.5-1997, Plastic Toilet (Water Closets) Seats, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (28) ANSI Z124.7-1997, Prefabricated Plastic Spa Shells, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (29) ANSI Z-124.9-1994, Plastic Urinal Fixtures, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (k) The Engineered Wood Association (APA) (formerly the American 
Plywood Association), 7011 South 19th Street, Tacoma, WA 98411, 
telephone number 253-565-6600, fax number 253-565-7265, Web site: 
http://www.apawood.org.
    (1) APA D410A-2004, Panel Design Specification, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) APA E30P-1996, APA Design/Construction Guide, Residential and 
Commercial Structures, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (3) APA E30R, Engineered Wood Construction Guide, revised January 
2001, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (4) APA H815E-1995 (PDS Supplement 5), Design and 
Fabrication of All-Plywood Beams, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (5) APA S 811M-1990 (PDS Supplement 1), Design and Fabrication of 
Plywood Curved Panels, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (6) APA S 812R, Design and Fabrication of Glued Plywood-Lumber 
Beams, revised November 1998, Supplement 2, July 1992 IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304.
    (7) APA U 813L, Design and Fabrication of Plywood Stressed-Skin 
Panels, revised April 1996, Supplement  3, August 1992, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (8) APA U 814H, Design and Fabrication of Plywood, Sandwiched 
Panels, revised September 1993, Supplement 4, March 1990, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (l) American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell 
Drive, Reston, VA 20191, telephone number 800-548-2723, Web site: 
http://www.asce.org.
    (1) ANSI/ASCE 7-88, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other 
Structures, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.5(f), 3280.304(b), and 
3280.305(c).
    (2) SEI/ASCE 8-02, Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed 
Stainless Steel Structural Members, 2002, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.304(b) and 3280.305(j).
    (3) ASCE 19-96, Structural Applications of Steel Cables for 
Buildings, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (m) American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 
Engineers (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle NE., Atlanta, GA 30329, 
telephone number 404-636-8400, fax number 404-321-5478, Web site: 
https://www.ashrae.org/home/.
    (1) 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Inch-Pound Edition 
(1997), chapters 22 through 27, (except

[[Page 73978]]

for the following parts of this standard that are not incorporated by 
reference: 23.1 Steel Frame Construction; 23.2 Masonry Construction; 
23.3 Foundations and Floor Systems; 23.15 Pipes; 23.17 Tanks, Vessels, 
and Equipment; 23.18 Refrigerated Rooms and Buildings; 24.18 Mechanical 
and Industrial Systems; 25.19 Commercial Building Envelope Leakage; 
27.9 Calculation of Heat Loss from Crawl Spaces). IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.508(a), 3280.508(e), and 3280.511(a).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (n) ASME (formally the American Society of Mechanical Engineers), 
Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, telephone number 800-843-
2763, Web site: http://www.asme.org/.
    (1) ASME A112.1.2-1991, Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems, IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (2) ANSI/ASME A112.4.1-1993, Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (3) ANSI/ASME A112.4.3-1999, Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water 
Closets to the Sanitary Drainage System, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(b).
    (4) ASME/ANSI A112.18.1M-1989, Plumbing Fixture Fittings, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (5) ASME A112.18.3M-1996, Performance Requirements for Backflow 
Protection Devices and Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (6) ASME A112.18.6-1999, Flexible Water Connectors, IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (7) ASME A112.18.7-1999, Deck Mounted Bath/Shower Transfer Valves 
with Integral Backflow Protection, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (8) ANSI/ASME A112.19.1M-1987, Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing 
Fixtures, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (9) ANSI/ASME A112.19.2(M)-1990, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (10) ANSI/ASME A112.19.3M-1987, Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures 
(Designed for Residential Use), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (11) ANSI/ASME A112.19.4(M)-1984, Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel 
Plumbing Fixtures, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (12) ASME A112.19.6-1995, Hydraulic Performance Requirements for 
Water Closets and Urinals, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (13) ASME/ANSI A112.19.7M-1987, Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (14) ASME/ANSI A112.19.8M-1989, Suction Fittings for Use in 
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathtub 
Appliances, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (15) ASME A112.19.9M-1991, Non-Vitreous Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (16) ASME A112.19.10-1994, Dual Flush Devices for Water Closets, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (17) ANSI/ASME A112.21.3M-1985, Hydrants for Utility and 
Maintenance Use, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (18) ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), 
IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b), 3280.703, 3280.705(e), and 
3280.706(d).
    (19) ANSI/ASME B16.3-1992, Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (20) ANSI/ASME B16.4-1992, Gray Iron Threaded Fittings, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (21) ANSI/ASME B16.15-1985, Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Classes 
125 and 250, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (22) ASME/ANSI B16.22-1989, Wrought-Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-
Joint Pressure Fitting, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (23) ASME B16.23-1992, Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage 
Fittings-DWV, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (24) ASME/ANSI B16.26-1988, Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared 
Copper Tubes, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (25) ASME/ANSI B16.29-1986, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy 
Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings-DWV, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (26) ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979, Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel 
Pipe, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b), 3280.703, 3280.705(b), 
and 3280.706(b).
    (o) American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE), 901 
Canterbury, Suite A, Westlake, OH 44145, phone number 440-835-3040, fax 
number 440-835-3488, Web site: http://www.asse-plumbing.org.
    (1) ASSE 1001 (ANSI Approved 1990), Performance Requirements for 
Pipe Applied Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(b).
    (2) ASSE 1002 Revision 5-1986 (ANSI/ASSE-1979), Performance 
Requirements for Water Closet Flush Tank Fill Valves (Ballcocks), IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (3) ASSE 1006 (ASSE/ANSI-1986), Plumbing Requirements for 
Residential Use (Household) Dishwashers, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(b).
    (4) ASSE 1007-1986, Performance Requirements for Home Laundry 
Equipment, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (5) ASSE 1008-1986, Performance Requirements for Household Food 
Waste Disposer Units, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (6) ASSE 1011-1981 (ANSI-1982), Performance Requirements for Hose 
Connection Vacuum Breakers, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (7) ASSE 1014-1989 (ANSI-1990), Performance Requirements for Hand-
held Showers, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (8) ASSE 1016-2005, Performance Requirements for Automatic 
Compensating Values for Individual Shower and Tub/Shower Combinations, 
approved January 2005, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b) and 
3280.607(b).
    (9) ASSE 1017-1986, Performance Requirements for Temperature 
Activated Mixing Valves for Primary Domestic Use, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (10) ANSI/ASSE 1019-1978, Performance Requirements for Wall 
Hydrants, Frost Proof Automatic Draining, Anti-Backflow Types, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (11) ASSE 1023 (ANSI/ASSE-1979), Performance Requirements for Hot 
Water Dispensers, Household Storage Type Electrical, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (12) ASSE 1025 (ANSI/ASSE-1978), Performance Requirements for 
Diverters for Plumbing Faucets with Hose Spray, Anti-Siphon Type, 
Residential Applications, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (13) ASSE 1037-1990 (ANSI-1990), Performance Requirements for 
Pressurized Flushing Devices (Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (14) ASSE 1051 Revised 1996 (ANSI 1998), Performance Requirements 
for Air Admittance Valves for Plumbing Drainage Systems--Fixture and 
Branch Devices, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (p) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr 
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, (610) 832-9500, fax number 
610-832-9555, Web site: http://www.astm.org.
    (1) ASTM A53-93. Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and 
Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b) and 3280.703.
    (2) ASTM A74-92, Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and 
Fittings, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (3) ASTM A539-99, Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-
Welded Coiled Steel Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.703, 3280.705(b), and Sec.  3280.706(b).
    (4) ASTM B42-93, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe,

[[Page 73979]]

Standard Sizes, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604 and 3280.703.
    (5) ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass 
Pipe, Standard Sizes, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b) and 
3280.705(b).
    (6) ASTM B88-93, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water 
Tube, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604, 3280.703, 3280.705(b), and 
3280.706(b).
    (7) ASTM B251-93, Standard Specification for General Requirements 
for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.604 and 3280.703.
    (8) ASTM B280-95a, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube 
for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.703, 3280.705(b), and 3280.706(b).
    (9) ASTM B306-92, Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube 
(DWV), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (10) ASTM C 36/C 36M-99, Standard Specification for Gypsum 
Wallboard, 1999, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304.
    (11) ASTM C564-97, Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for 
Case Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, approved December 10, 1997, IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b) and 3280.611(d).
    (12) ASTM C920-02, Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint 
Sealants, approved January 10, 2002, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.611(d).
    (13) ASTM D781-68 (Reapproved 1973), Standard Test Methods for 
Puncture and Stiffness of Paperboard, and Corrugated and Solid 
Fiberboard, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b), and 3280.305(g).
    (14) ASTM D2235-88, Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for 
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (15) ASTM D2564-91a, Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for 
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (16) ASTM D2661-91, Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe 
and Fittings, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (17) ASTM D2665-91b, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl 
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (18) ASTM D2846-92, Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly 
(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution 
Systems, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (19) ASTM D3309-92a, Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) 
Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (20) ASTM D3311-92, Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and 
Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(b).
    (21) ASTM D3953-97, Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat 
Steel, and Seals, approved April 10, 1997, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.306(b) and 3280.306(g).
    (22) ASTM D4442-92 (Reapproved 1997), Standard Test Methods for 
Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (23) ASTM D4444-92, Standard Test Methods for Use and Calibration 
of Hand-Held Moisture Meters, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (24) ASTM D4635-01, Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films 
Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging 
Applications, approved June 10, 2001, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.611(d).
    (25) ASTM E84-01, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials, 2001, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.203(a).
    (26) ASTM E 96-95 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor 
Transmission of Materials, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.504(a).
    (27) ASTM E 162-94, Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability 
of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.203(a).
    (28) ASTM E 773-97, Standard Test Methods for Accelerated 
Weathering of Sealed Insulating Glass Units, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.403(d).
    (29) ASTM E 774-97, Standard Specification for the Classification 
of the Durability of Sealed Insulating Glass Units, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.403(d).
    (30) ASTM E 1333-96, Standard Test Method for Determining 
Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood 
Products Using a Large Chamber, approved March 10, 1996, IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.406(b).
    (31) ASTM F628-91, Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40, Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent 
Pipe with a Cellular Core, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (32) ASTM F876-10, Standard Specification for Crosslinked 
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing, approved February 10, 2010, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (33) ASTM F877-07, Standard Specification for Crosslinked 
Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems, 
approved February 1, 2007, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (q) Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute (CISPI), 1064 Delaware Avenue SE, 
Atlanta, GA 30316, telephone number 404-622-0073, fax number 404-973-
2845, Web site: http://www.cispi.org/.
    (1) CISPI-301-90, Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil 
Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping 
Applications, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (2) CISPI-HSN-85, Specification for Neoprene Rubber Gaskets for HUB 
and Spigot Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.604, 3280.611(d).
    (r) FS--Federal Specifications, General Services Administration, 
Specifications Branch, Room 6039, GSA Building, 7th and D Streets, SW., 
Washington, DC 20407.
    (1) FS WW-P-541E/GEN-1980, Plumbing Fixtures (General 
Specifications), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (2) FS ZZ-R-765B-1970, Silicone Rubber, (with 1971 Amendment), IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.611(d).
    (s) HPVA (previously HPMA)--Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association 
(HPVA) (previously named Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers Association 
(HPMA), 1825 Michael Faraday Drive, Reston, VA 22090, telephone number 
703-435-2900, fax number 703-435-2537, Web site: http://www.hpva.org/.
    (1) ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994 (Approved 1995), American National Standard 
for Hardwood and Decorative Plywood, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (2) HP-SG-96, Structural Design Guide for Hardwood Plywood Wall 
Panels, revised 1996, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (t) HUD User, 11491 Sunset Hills Road, Reston, VA 20190-5254.
    (1) HUD User No. 0005945, Overall U-values and Heating/Cooling 
Loads--Manufactured Homes, February 1992. IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.508(b).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (u) IIT Research Institute (IITRI), 10 West 35th Street, Chicago, 
IL 60616, telephone number 312-567-4000, Web site: http://www.iitri.org/.
    (1) IITRI Fire and Safety Research Project J-6461 ``Development of 
Mobile Home Fire Test Methods to Judge the Fire-Safe Performance of 
Foam Plastic Sheathing and Cavity Insulation'', 1979, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.207(a).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (v) International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

[[Page 73980]]

(IAPMO), 4755 East Philadelphia Street, Ontario, CA 91716, telephone 
number 909-472-4100, fax number 909-472-4150, Web site: http://www.iapmo.org.
    (1) IAPMO PS 2-89, Material and Property Standard for Cast Brass 
and Tubing P-Traps, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (2) IAPMO PS 4-90, Material and Property Standard for Drains for 
Prefabricated and Precast Showers, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (3) IAPMO PS 5-84, Material and Property Standard for Special Cast 
Iron Fittings, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (4) IAPMO PS 9-84, Material and Property Standard for Diversion 
Tees and Twin Waste Elbow, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (5) IAPMO PS 14-89, Material and Property Standard for Flexible 
Metallic Water Connectors, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (6) IAPMO PS 23-89, Material and Property Standard for Dishwasher 
Drain Airgaps, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (7) IAPMO PS 31-91, Material and Property Standards for Backflow 
Prevention Assemblies, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (8) IAPMO TSC 9-97, Standard for Gas Supply Connectors for 
Manufactured Homes, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (9) IAPMO TSC 22-85, Standard for Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel 
Plumbing Fixtures, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (w) Military Specifications and Standards, Naval Publications and 
Forms Center (MIL), 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120.
    (1) MIL-L-10547E-1975, Liners, Case, and Sheet, Overwrap; Water-
Vapor Proof or Waterproof, Flexible, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.611(d).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (x) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300 
North 17th Street, Suite 1752, Arlington, VA 22209, telephone number 
703-841-3200, fax number 703-841-5900, Web site: http://www.nema.org/Pages/default.aspx.
    (1) ANSI/NEMA WD-6-1997 Wiring Devices-Dimensional Specifications, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.803(f).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (y) International Code Council Evaluation Service (NER), 
(previously known as National Evaluation Service), 5360 Workman Mill 
Road, Whittier, CA 90601-0543, telephone number 1-800-423-6587, ext. 
66546, fax number 562-695-4694, Web site: http://www.icc-es.org.
    (1) NER-272, National Evaluation Report, Power Driven Staples, 
Nails, and Allied Fasteners for Use in All Types of Building 
Construction, Reissued September 1, 1997, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (z) National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC), 6305 Ivy Lane, 
Suite 140, Greenbelt, MD 20770, telephone number 301-589-1776, fax 
number 301-589-3884, Web site: http://www.nfrc.org.
    (1) NFRC 100, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-
factors, 1997 Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.508(e).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (aa) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch 
Park, Quincy, MA 02269, phone number 617-770-3000, fax number 617-770-
0700, Web site: http://www.nfpa.org.
    (1) NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning 
Equipment, 2001, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703 and 3280.707(f).
    (2) NFPA 54-2002, National Fuel Gas Code, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703.
    (3) NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2001 Edition, IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703 and 3280.704(b).
    (4) NFPA No. 70-2005, National Electrical Code, IBR approved as 
follows:
    (i) Article 110.22, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.803(k) and 
3280.804(k).
    (ii) Article 210.12(A) and (B), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.801(b).
    (iii)Article 220.61, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.811(b).
    (iv) Article 230, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.803(k) and 
3280.804(k).
    (v) Article 250.24, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.803(k) and 
3280.804(k).
    (vi) Article 250.26, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.803(k) and 
3280.804(k).
    (vii) Article 250.28, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.803(k) and 
3280.804(k).
    (viii) Article 312.2(A), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.803(k) 
and 3280.804(k).
    (x) Table 314.16(A), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.808(m) and 
3280.808(q).
    (ix) Article 314.23(B), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.808(m) and 
3280.808(q).
    (xi)Article 406.3, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.807(d).
    (xii)Article 410.4(D), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.805(a).
    (xiii)Article 440, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.805(a).
    (xiv) Article 440.65, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.801(b).
    (xv) Part II of Article 550, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.801(a) and 3280.801(b).
    (xvi) Article 550.25(a), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.801(b).
    (xvii) Article 680.70, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.607(c) and 
3280.801(a).
    (xviii)Article 680.71, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.607(c) and 
3280.801(a).
    (xix)Articles 680.72, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.607(c) and 
3280.801(a).
    (5) NFPA 90B, Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems, 1996 
Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (6) NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, Chapter 
2: definitions of ``limited combustible'' and ``noncombustible 
material'', 1995 Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.202.
    (7) NFPA 253, Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of 
Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, 2000, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.207(c).
    (8) NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials, 1996, IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.203(a) and 3280.207(a).
    (bb) U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards 
and Technology (NIST), Office of Engineering Standards, Room A-166, 
Technical Building, Washington, DC 20234 and Voluntary Product 
Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 2100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2100, 
telephone number 301- 975-4000, fax number 301-975-4715, Web site: 
http://www.nist.gov.
    (1) PS 1-95, Construction and Industrial Plywood (With Typical APA 
Trademarks), IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) Voluntary Product Standard PS 2-04, Performance Standard for 
Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels, December 2004, IBR approval for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (cc) National Sanitation Foundation (NSF), 789 North Dixboro Road, 
Ann Arbor, MI 48105, telephone number 734-769-8010, fax number 734-769-
0109, Web site: http://www.nsf.org.
    (1) ANSI/NSF 14-1990, Plastic Piping Components and Related 
Materials, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (2) ANSI/NSF 24-1988, Plumbing System Components for Manufactured 
Homes and Recreational Vehicles, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (3) ANSI/NSF 61-2001, Drinking Water System Components-Health 
Effects, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (dd) Resources, Applications, Designs, & Controls (RADCO), 3220 
East 59th Street, Long Beach, CA 90805, telephone number 562-272-7231, 
fax number 562-529-7513, Web site: http://www.radcoinc.com.
    (1) RADCO DS-010-91, Decorative Gas Appliances for Installation in 
Solid Fuel Burning Fireplaces, May 1991, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703.
    (2) [Reserved].
    (ee) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA 15096, telephone number 724-776-0790, Web site: http://www.sae.org/.

[[Page 73981]]

    (1) SAE-J533b-1992, Flares for Tubing, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.703 and 3280.705(f).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (ff) Steel Joist Institute (SJI), 234 West Cheves Street, Florence, 
SC 29501, telephone number 843-407-4091, Web site: http://steeljoist.org.
    (1) Standard Specifications Load Tables and Weight Tables for Steel 
Joists and Joist Girders, SJI 1994, Fortieth Edition, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (gg) Truss Plate Institute (TPI), 218 North Lee Street, Suite 312, 
Alexandria, VA 22314, telephone number 703-683-1010, fax number 866-
501-4012, Web site: http://www.tpinst.org/index.html.
    (1) TPI-85, Design Specifications for Metal Plate and Wood 
Connected Trusses, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (hh) Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL), 333 Pfingsten Road, 
Northbrook, IL 60062, telephone number 847-272-8800, fax number 847-
509-6257, Web site: http://www.ul.com.
    (1) UL 94-1996, with 2001 revisions, Test for Flammability of 
Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, Fifth Edition, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.715(e).
    (2) UL 103-1995, with 1999 revisions, Factory-Built Chimneys for 
Residential Type and Building Heating Appliances, Ninth Edition, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (3) UL 109-1997, with 2001 revisions, Tube Fittings for Flammable 
and Combustible Fluids, Refrigeration Service, and Marine Use, Sixth 
Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (4) UL 127-1996, with 1999 revisions, Factory-Built Fireplaces, 
Seventh Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (5) UL 174-1996, with 1997 revisions, Household Electric Storage 
Tank Water Heaters, Tenth Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (6) UL 181 Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors, Ninth 
Edition, April 4, 1996, with revisions through May 15, 2003, IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.702, 3280.703 and 3280.715(a).
    (7) UL 181A, 1994, with 1998 revisions, Standard for Safety Closure 
Systems for use with Rigid Air Ducts and Air Connectors, Second 
Edition, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703 and 3280.715(c).
    (8) UL 181B, 1995, with 1998 revisions, Standard for Safety Closure 
Systems for use with Flexible Air Ducts and Air Connectors, First 
Edition, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703 and 3280.715(c).
    (9) UL 217, Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alarms, Fifth 
Edition, dated January 4, 1999, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.208(a).
    (10) UL 268, Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems, 
Fourth Edition, dated January 4, 1999, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.208(a).
    (11) UL 307A-1995, Liquid Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances for 
Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles, Seventh Edition, with 
1997 revisions, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703 and 3280.707(f).
    (12) UL 307B-1995, Gas Burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured 
Homes and Recreational Vehicles, Fourth Edition, with 1998 revisions, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (13) UL 311, 1994, with 1998 revisions, Roof Jacks for Manufactured 
Homes and Recreational Vehicles, Eighth Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703.
    (14) UL 441, 1996 with 1999 revisions, Gas Vents, Ninth Edition, 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (15) UL 569, 1995 with 2001 revisions, Pigtails and Flexible Hose 
Connectors for LP-Gas, Seventh Edition, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.703 and 3280.705(k).
    (16) UL 737, 1996, Fireplace Stoves, Eight Edition, with 2000 
revisions, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (17) UL 923 Microwave Cooking Appliances, Fifth Edition, May 23, 
2002, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.204(c).
    (18) UL 1042-1994, Electric Baseboard Heating Equipment, Fourth 
Edition, with 1998 revisions, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (19) UL 1096, 1986, Electric Central Air Heating Equipment, Fourth 
Edition with revisions July 16, 1986, and January 30, 1988, IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (20) UL 1482, 1996, with 2000 revisions, Solid-Fuel Type Room 
Heaters, Fifth Edition, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (21) UL 1995, 1995, Heating and Cooling Equipment, Second Edition, 
with 1999 revisions, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703.
    (22) UL 2021-1997. Fixed and Location-Dedicated Electric Room 
Heaters, Second Edition, with 1998 revisions, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703.
    (ii) Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada (ULC), 7 Underwriters 
Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1 R 3A9, telephone number 866-937-3852, 
fax number 416-757-8727, Web site: http://www.ul.com/canada/eng/pages/.
    (1) CAN/ULC S102.2-M88, Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Floor Coverings and Miscellaneous Materials and 
Assemblies, Fourth Edition, April 1988, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.207(b).
    (2) [Reserved].
    (jj) Window and Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA) (Previously 
known as the National Wood Window and Door Association, (NWWDA)), 2025 
M Street, NW., Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036-3309, telephone number 
202-367-1157, Web site: https://www.wdma.com.
    (1) NWWDA I.S.4-81, Water Repellent Preservative Non-Pressure 
Treatment for Millwork, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.405(b).
    (2) [Reserved].

0
3. In Sec.  3280.105, revise paragraphs (a)(2)(iv) and (b)(2) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.105  Exit facilities; exterior doors.

    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iv) One of the required exit doors must be accessible from the 
doorway of each bedroom without traveling more than 35 feet. The travel 
distance to the exit door must be measured on the floor or other 
walking surface along the center-line of the natural and unobstructed 
path of travel starting at the center of the bedroom door, curving 
around any corners or permanent obstructions with a one-foot clearance 
from, and ending at, the center of the exit door.
    (b) * * *
    (2) All exterior swinging doors must provide a minimum 28-inch wide 
x 74-inch high clear opening. Door seals are permitted to reduce the 
opening, either vertically or horizontally, a maximum of one inch. All 
exterior sliding glass doors must provide a minimum 28-inch wide x 72-
inch high clear opening.
* * * * *
0
4. Revise Sec.  3280.111 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.111  Toilet compartments.

    Each toilet compartment must have a minimum width of 30 inches, 
with a minimum clear space of 21 inches in front of each toilet. A 
toilet located adjacent to a wall must have the center-line of the 
toilet located a minimum of 15 inches from the wall. A toilet located 
adjacent to a tub must have the center-line of the toilet located a 
minimum of 12 inches from the outside edge of the tub.

0
5. Amend Sec.  3280.113 by revising paragraph (b) and adding paragraphs 
(c) and (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.113  Glass and glazed openings.

* * * * *
    (b) Hazardous locations requiring safety glazing. Except as 
provided in paragraph (d) of this section, the following locations and 
areas require the use of safety glazing conforming to the requirements 
of paragraph (c) of this section:

[[Page 73982]]

    (1) Glazing in all entrance or exit doors;
    (2) Glazing in fixed and sliding panels of sliding glass doors;
    (3) Glazing in storm-type doors;
    (4) Glazing in unframed side-hinged swinging doors;
    (5) Glazing in doors and fixed panels less than 60 inches above the 
room floor level that enclose bathtubs, showers, hydromassage tubs, hot 
tubs, whirlpools, saunas;
    (6) Glazing within 12 inches horizontally, as measured from the 
edge of the door in the closed position, and 60 inches vertically as 
measured from the room floor level, adjacent to and in the same plane 
of a door;
    (7) Glazing within 36 inches of an interior room walking surface 
when the glazing meets all of the following:
    (i) Individual glazed panels exceed 9 square feet in area in an 
exposed surface area;
    (ii) The bottom edge of the exposed glazing is less than 19 inches 
above the room floor level; and
    (iii) The top edge of the exposed glazing is greater than 36 inches 
above the room floor level.
    (8) Glazing in rails and guardrails; and
    (9) Glazing in unbacked mirrored wardrobe doors (i.e., mirrors that 
are not secured to a backing that is capable of being the door itself).
    (c) Safety glazing material is considered to be any glazing 
material capable of meeting the requirements of Consumer Product Safety 
Commission 16 CFR part 1201, or Standard for Safety Glazing Materials 
used in Buildings --Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of 
Test, ANSI Z97.1-2004 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    (d) Glazing in the following locations is not required to meet the 
requirements in paragraph (b) of this section:
    (1) Openings in doors through which a 3-inch sphere is unable to 
pass;
    (2) Leaded and decorative glazed panels;
    (3) Glazing in jalousie-type doors;
    (4) Glazing as described in paragraph (b)(6) of this section when 
an intervening wall or other permanent barrier exists between the door 
and the glazing;
    (5) Glazing as described in paragraph (b)(7) of this section when a 
protective bar or member is installed horizontally between 34 inches 
and 38 inches above the room floor level, as long as the bar or member 
is a minimum of 1\1/2\ inches in height and capable of resisting a 
horizontal load of 50 pounds per lineal foot; and
    (6) Mirrors mounted on a flush door surface or solid wall surface.

0
6. In Sec.  3280.204, revise paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.204  Kitchen cabinet protection.

* * * * *
    (c) Alternative compliance. When all exposed surfaces along the 
bottoms and sides of combustible kitchen cabinets are protected as 
described in paragraph (a) of this section, the metal hood, the \5/16\-
inch thick gypsum board or equivalent material, and the \3/8\-inch 
airspace required by paragraph (a) of this section can be omitted, 
provided that:
    (1) A microwave oven is installed between the cabinet and the 
range; and
    (2) The microwave oven is equivalent in fire protection to the 
metal range hood required by paragraph (a) of this section; and
    (3) The microwave oven is certified to be in conformance with 
Microwave Cooking Appliances, UL 923-2002 (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

Sec. Sec.  3280.207 through 3280.209 [Redesignated as Sec. Sec.  
3280.208 through 3280.210]

0
7. Redesignate Sec. Sec.  3280.207 through 3280.209 as Sec. Sec.  
3280.208 through 3280.210, respectively.

0
8. Add a new Sec.  3280.207 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.207  Requirements for thermal insulating materials.

    (a) General. Except for foam plastic materials and as provided in 
this section, exposed and concealed thermal insulating materials, 
including any facings, must be tested in accordance with NFPA 255-96, 
Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building 
Materials (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) and must have a 
flame spread index of 25 or less and a smoke developed index of 450 or 
less. The flame spread and smoke developed limitations do not apply to:
    (1) Coverings and facings of insulation batts or blankets installed 
in concealed spaces when the facings are in substantial contact with 
the unexposed surface of wall, floor, or ceiling finish; or
    (2) Cellulose loose-fill insulation that complies with paragraph 
(b) of this section.
    (b) Loose-fill insulation. (1) Cellulose loose-fill insulation that 
is not spray-applied or self-supporting must comply with, and each 
package must be labeled in accordance with the Consumer Product Safety 
Commission requirements in 16 CFR parts 1209 and 1404.
    (2) Other loose-fill insulation that cannot be mounted in the NFPA 
255-96, test apparatus without a screen or other artificial support 
must be tested in accordance with CAN/ULC S102.2-M88, Standard Method 
of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Floor Coverings and 
Miscellaneous Materials and Assemblies (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4), and must have a flame spread index of 25 or less and a 
smoke developed index of 450 or less.
    (c) Attic locations. Exposed insulation installed on the floor or 
ceiling forming the lower boundary of the attic must be tested in 
accordance with NFPA 253-2000, Standard Method of Test for Critical 
Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy 
Source (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) and must have a 
critical radiant flux of not less than 0.12 watt/cm\2\.

0
9. Revise Sec.  3280.301 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.301  Scope.

    This subpart covers the minimum requirements for materials, 
products, equipment, and workmanship needed to assure that the 
manufactured home will provide the following:
    (a) Structural strength and rigidity;
    (b) Protection against corrosion, decay, insects, rodents, and 
other similar destructive forces;
    (c) Protection against wind hazards;
    (d) Resistance to the elements; and
    (e) Durability and economy of maintenance.

0
10. Amend Sec.  3280.304(b)(1) as follows:
0
a. In the list under the undesignated heading ``Wood and Wood 
Products,'' revise the references to ``Design and Fabrication of Glued 
Plywood-Lumber Beams,'' ``Design and Fabrication of Plywood Sandwich 
Panels,'' ``Design and Fabrication of Plywood Stressed Skin Panels,'' 
and ``Wood Structural Design Data;''
0
b. In the list under the undesignated heading ``Wood and Wood 
Products,'' remove the reference to ``Voluntary Product Standards, 
Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural Use Panels,'' and add in 
its place a reference to ``Performance Standards for Wood-Based 
Structural Use Panels;''
0
c. In the list under the undesignated heading ``Wood and Wood 
Products,'' add new reference standards for ``Engineered Wood 
Construction Guide'' and for ``Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF),'' 
immediately preceding the undesignated heading ``Other''; and
0
d. In the list under the undesignated heading ``Unclassified,'' remove 
the

[[Page 73983]]

reference to ``Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test 
for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings--ANSI/Z-97.1-1984,'' and 
add in its place a reference to ``Standard for Safety Glazing Materials 
used in Buildings --Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of 
Test, ANSI Z97.1-2004 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).''
    The revisions and additions to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.304  Materials.

* * * * *
    (b)(1) * * *

Wood and Wood Products

* * * * *
    Design and Fabrication of Glued Plywood-Lumber Beams, Supplement 
 2--APA S 812R, 1992 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4).
* * * * *
    Design and Fabrication of Plywood Sandwich Panels, Supplement 
4--APA U 814H, 1990 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4).
    Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural Use Panels--NIST PS 
2-04, 2004 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    Design and Fabrication of Plywood Stressed-Skin Panels, Supplement 
3--APA-U 813L, 1992 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    Wood Structural Design Data, 1986 Edition with 1992 Revisions, 
AFPA.
* * * * *
    Engineered Wood Construction Guide--APA E30R 2001 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) For Interior Applications--ANSI 
A208.2-2002 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

Unclassified

* * * * *
    Standard for Safety Glazing Materials used in Buildings--Safety 
Performance Specifications and Methods of Test, ANSI Z97.1-2004 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
11. In Sec.  3280.305, revise paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(2)(iv), and 
(c)(3)(ii) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.305  Structural design requirements.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Standard wind loads (Zone I). When a manufactured home is not 
designed to resist the wind loads for high-wind areas (Zone II or Zone 
III) specified in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section, the 
manufactured home and each of its wind-resisting parts and portions 
must be designed for horizontal wind loads of not less than 15 psf and 
a net uplift roof load of not less than 9 psf. The net uplift roof load 
must not be reduced by the dead load of the roof structure for the 
purposes of engineering design or structural load testing.
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iv) Consideration of local requirements. For areas where wind 
mapping data or records or the requirements of the State or local 
authority indicate wind speeds in excess of those identified in this 
section, the Department may establish, through rulemaking, more 
stringent requirements for manufactured homes to be installed in such 
areas.
    (3) * * *
    (ii) Consideration of local requirements. For exposures in areas 
(mountainous or other) where recognized snow records, wind records, or 
the requirements of the State or local authority indicate significant 
differences from the loads stated in this paragraph (c)(3), the 
Department may establish, through rulemaking, more stringent 
requirements for manufactured homes to be installed in such areas. For 
snow loads, such requirements must be based on a roof snow load of 0.6 
of the ground snow load for areas exposed to wind and a roof snow load 
of 0.8 of the ground snow load for sheltered areas.
* * * * *

0
12. In Sec.  3280.306, revise paragraphs (b)(2)(v) and (g)(2) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.306  Windstorm protection.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (v) That anchoring equipment should be certified by a registered 
professional engineer or architect to resist these specified forces in 
accordance with testing procedures in ASTM D3953-97, Standard 
Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (2) Type 1, Finish B, Grade 1 steel strapping, 1\1/4\ inches wide 
and 0.035 inches in thickness, certified by a registered professional 
engineer or architect as conforming with ASTM D3953-97, Standard 
Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
0
13. In Sec.  3280.403, revise the section heading and paragraph (a), 
redesignate paragraph (b) as (b)(1), add paragraph (b)(2), revise 
paragraphs (c) and (d)(1), and add paragraph (e)(3) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.403  Requirements for windows, sliding glass doors, and 
skylights.

    (a) Scope. This section establishes the requirements for prime 
windows and sliding glass doors, except that windows used in an entry 
door are components of the door and are excluded from these 
requirements.
    (b) * * *
    (2) All skylights must comply with AAMA/WDMA/CSA/101/I.S.2/A440-08: 
North American Fenestration Standard/Specifications for Windows, Doors 
and Skylights (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Skylights 
must withstand the roof loads for the applicable Roof Load Zone 
specified in Sec.  3280.305(c)(3), and the following wind loads:
    (i) For Wind Zone I, the wind loads specified in Sec.  
3280.305(c)(1)(i); and
    (ii) For Wind Zones II and III, the wind loads specified for 
exterior roof coverings, sheathing, and fastenings in Sec.  
3280.305(c)(1)(ii).
    (c) Installation. All primary windows, sliding glass doors, and 
skylights must be installed in a manner that allows proper operation 
and provides protection against the elements, as required by Sec.  
3280.307.
    (d) * * *
    (1) Safety glazing materials, where used shall meet Standard for 
Safety Glazing Materials used in Buildings--Safety Performance 
Specifications and Methods of Test, ANSI Z97.1-2004 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (3) All skylights installed in manufactured homes must be certified 
as complying with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-08: North American 
Fenestration Standard/Specifications for Windows, Doors, and Skylights 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). This certification must 
be based on applicable loads specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section.
* * * * *

0
14. In Sec.  3280.404, revise paragraph (c)(2) and add paragraph (c)(3) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.404  Standard for egress windows and devices for use in 
manufactured homes.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) An operational check of each installed egress window or device 
must be made at the manufactured home

[[Page 73984]]

factory. All egress windows and devices must be capable of being opened 
to the minimum required dimensions by normal operation of the window 
without binding or requiring the use of tools. Any window or device 
failing this check must be repaired or replaced. A repaired window must 
conform to its certification. Any repaired or replaced window or device 
must pass the operational check.
    (3) Windows that require the removal of the sash to meet egress 
size requirements are prohibited.
* * * * *

0
15. Amend Sec.  3280.504 as follows:
0
a. Add ``(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4)'' immediately 
following ``Materials)'' in paragraph (a)(1).
0
b. Redesignate paragraph (c) as paragraph (d) and add new paragraph 
(c).
    The addition reads as follows:


Sec.  3280.504  Condensation control and installation of vapor 
retarders.

* * * * *
    (c) Liquid applied vapor retarders. Each liquid applied vapor 
retarder must be tested by a nationally recognized testing agency for 
use on the specific substrate to which it is applied. The test report 
must include the perm rating, as measured by ASTM E 96-95, Standard 
Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials, and associated 
application rate for each specific substrate.
* * * * *

0
16. In Sec.  3280.509, revise paragraph (c) to read as follows:
    (c) Insulation compression. Insulation compressed to less than 
nominal thickness and loose-fill insulation in sloping cavities must 
have its nominal R-values reduced in compressed areas in accordance 
with the following table:

Table to Paragraph (c)--Effect of Insulation Compression and Restriction
                               on R-Values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Non-uniform
                                                (a)
                                            restriction     Uniform (b)
         Original thickness (%)          ----------------   compression
                                           Batt    Blown     batt (%)
                                            (%)     (%)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.......................................      20      15               0
1.......................................      26      21               1
2.......................................      32      25               2
3.......................................      36      28               4
4.......................................      38      30               5
5.......................................      41      32               7
6.......................................      43      33               8
7.......................................      45      35              10
8.......................................      46      36              11
9.......................................      48      38              13
10......................................      49      39              14
11......................................      51      40              15
12......................................      52      42              17
13......................................      53      43              18
14......................................      54      44              20
15......................................      55      45              21
16......................................      57      46              22
17......................................      58      47              24
18......................................      59      48              25
19......................................      59      49              26
20......................................      60      50              28
21......................................      61      51              29
22......................................      62      52              30
23......................................      63      52              31
24......................................      64      53              33
25......................................      65      54              34
26......................................      65      55              35
27......................................      66      56              36
28......................................      67      57              37
29......................................      68      57              39
30......................................      68      58              40
31......................................      69      59              41
32......................................      70      60              42
33......................................      70      60              43
34......................................      71      61              44
35......................................      72      62              45
36......................................      72      63              47
37......................................      73      63              48
38......................................      74      64              49
39......................................      74      65              50
40......................................      75      65              51
41......................................      75      66              52
42......................................      76      67              53
43......................................      76      68              54
44......................................      77      68              55
45......................................      78      69              56
46......................................      78      70              57
47......................................      79      70              58
48......................................      79      71              59
49......................................      80      71              60
50......................................      80      72              61
51......................................      81      73              62
52......................................      81      73              63
53......................................      82      74              64
54......................................      82      75              65
55......................................      83      75              65
56......................................      83      76              66
57......................................      84      76              67
58......................................      84      77              68
59......................................      84      78              69
60......................................      85      78              70
61......................................      85      79              71
62......................................      86      79              72
63......................................      86      80              73
64......................................      87      81              74
65......................................      87      81              74
66......................................      88      82              75
67......................................      88      82              76
68......................................      88      83              77
69......................................      89      84              78
70......................................      89      84              78
71......................................      90      85              79
72......................................      90      85              80
73......................................      90      86              81
74......................................      91      86              82
75......................................      91      87              82
76......................................      92      87              83
77......................................      92      88              84
78......................................      92      89              85
79......................................      93      89              85
80......................................      93      90              86
81......................................      93      90              87
82......................................      94      91              88
83......................................      94      91              88
84......................................      95      92              89
85......................................      95      92              90
86......................................      95      93              91
87......................................      96      93              91
88......................................      96      94              92
89......................................      96      94              93
90......................................      97      95              93
91......................................      97      95              94
92......................................      97      96              95
93......................................      98      96              95
94......................................      98      97              96
95......................................      98      97              97
96......................................      99      98              97
97......................................      99      98              98
98......................................      99      99              99
99......................................     100      99              99
100.....................................     100     100             100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Note: To use this table, first compute the restricted insulation
  thickness as a fraction of the uncompressed (full) insulation
  thickness. Then look up the R-value remaining from the appropriate
  column (Non-uniform Restriction, Batt Non-uniform Restriction, Blown
  or Uniform Compression, Batt). Example: Assume a section of loose-fill
  ceiling insulation went from R-25 insulation at a height of 10 inches
  to a minimum height of 2 inches at the edge of the ceiling. The ratio
  of minimum to full thickness is 0.20 (2 divided by 10). Look up 0.20
  (20 percent), read across to column 3 (Non-uniform Restriction,
  Blown), and read 50 percent. Therefore, the R-value of the loose-fill
  insulation over the restricted area would be R-12.5 (50 percent of
  25).
(a) Non-uniform restriction is that which occurs between non-parallel
  planes, such as in the ceiling near the eaves.
(b) Uniform compression is compression between parallel planes, such as
  that which occurs in a wall.

* * * * *

0
17. In Sec.  3280.602, remove the definition for Anti-siphon trap vent 
device and add a definition for Mechanical trap vent device in 
alphabetical order, to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.602  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Mechanical trap vent device means a device that automatically opens 
to admit air to a fixture drain above the connection of the trap arm so 
as to prevent siphonage, and closes tightly when the pressure within 
the drainage system is equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure, 
so as to prevent

[[Page 73985]]

the escape of gases from the drainage system into the manufactured 
home.
* * * * *

0
18. In Sec.  3280.603, revise paragraphs (a)(2), (b)(4)(ii), and 
(b)(4)(iii) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.603  General requirements.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Conservation. Each water closet must not use more than 1.6 
gallons of water per flush.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (ii) A statement in the installation instructions required by Sec.  
3280.306(b), stating that if the heat tape or pipe heating cable is 
used, it must be listed for use with manufactured homes.
    (iii) A receptacle outlet complying with Sec.  3280.806(d)(10).
* * * * *

0
19. Amend Sec.  3280.604(b)(2) as follows:
0
a. In the list under the undesignated heading ``Plastic Pipe and 
Fittings'', add reference standards for ``Standard Specification for 
Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing'' and ``Standard Specification 
for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water 
Distribution Systems,'' immediately before the undesignated heading 
``Miscellaneous'';
0
b. In the list under the undesignated heading ``Miscellaneous'', revise 
the reference standard for ``Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets 
for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings'' and ``Relief Valves and 
Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot Water Supply Systems'';
0
c. In the undesignated heading ``Plumbing Fixtures'', revise the 
reference standard for ``Safety Performance Specifications and Methods 
of Test for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings''; and
0
d. In the undesignated heading ``Plumbing Fixtures'', add a reference 
standard for ``Performance Requirements for Automatic Compensating 
Values for Individual Shower and Tub/Shower Combinations'' at the end 
of the list.
    The revisions and additions to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.604  Materials.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * *

Plastic Pipe and Fittings

* * * * *
    Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing--
ASTM F876-10 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic 
Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems--ASTM F877-07 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).

Miscellaneous

* * * * *
    Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe 
and Fittings, ASTM C564-97 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4).
* * * * *
    Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems, ANSI Z21.22-1999 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    Standard for Safety Glazing Materials used in Buildings--Safety 
Performance Specifications and Methods of Test, ANSI Z97.1-2004 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

Plumbing Fixtures

* * * * *
    Performance Requirements for Automatic Compensating Values for 
Individual Shower and Tub/Shower Combinations, approved January 2005 
ASSE 1016-2005 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).

0
20. Amend Sec.  3280.605 as follows:
0
a. Redesignate paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) as paragraphs (b) through 
(h);
0
b. Redesignate paragraphs (i) and (ii) of newly redesignated paragraph 
(h) as paragraphs (h)(1) and (2); and
0
c. Revise newly redesignated paragraph (h)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.605  Joints and connections.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (1) Approved or listed hub-less pipe and fittings must be permitted 
to be joined with listed couplings or adapters, per the manufacturer's 
recommendations.
* * * * *

0
21. In Sec.  3280.606, revise paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.606  Traps and cleanouts.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Combination Fixtures. For the purposes of drainage and 
ventilation requirements, a two- or three-compartment sink, up to three 
single sinks, or up to three lavatories may be connected to one ``P'' 
trap and considered as a single fixture, so long as the sinks and 
lavatories are in the same room, have waste outlets not more than 30 
inches apart, and have flood level rims at the same level. The ``P'' 
trap must be installed at the center fixture when three such fixtures 
are installed.
* * * * *

0
22. In Sec.  3280.607, revise paragraphs (a)(3), (b)(2)(v), 
(b)(3)(iii), add paragraph (b)(3)(v), and revise paragraphs (b)(4)(i), 
(b)(5)(ii), and (c)(6)(i) through (iii) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.607  Plumbing fixtures.

    (a) * * *
    (3) Fixture Connections. Fixture tailpieces and continuous wastes 
in exposed or accessible locations must be of not less than No. 20 
Brown and Sharpe gauge seamless drawn-brass tubing or other approved 
pipe or tubing materials. Inaccessible fixture connections must be 
constructed according to the requirements for drainage piping. The 
diameter of each fixture tailpiece, continuous waste, or waste and 
overflow must be not less than:
    (i) 1\1/2\ inches, for sinks of two or more compartments, 
dishwashers, clothes washing machines, laundry tubs, bathtubs, and 
showers; and
    (ii) Not less than 1\1/4\ inches for lavatories or single 
compartment sinks having a 2-inch maximum drain opening.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (v) Floor Connection. Water closets must be securely bolted to an 
approved flange or other approved fitting that is secured to the floor 
by means of corrosion-resistant screws. The bolts must be of solid 
brass or other corrosion-resistant material and must not be less than 
\1/4\ inch in diameter. A watertight seal must be made between the 
water closet and flange or other approved fitting by use of a gasket, 
sealing compound, or listed connector device.
    (3) * * *
    (iii) Shower doors and tub and shower enclosures shall be 
constructed so as to be waterproof and, if glazed, glazing shall comply 
with the Standard for Safety Glazing Materials used in Buildings--
Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test, ANSI Z97.1-2004 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (v) Shower, bathtub, and tub-shower combination valves must be 
balanced pressure, thermostatic, or combination mixing valves that 
conform to the requirements of ASSE 1016-2005, Performance Requirements 
for Automatic Compensating Values for

[[Page 73986]]

Individual Shower and Tub/Shower Combinations (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Such valves must be equipped with handle 
position stops that are adjustable in accordance with the valve 
manufacturer's instructions to a maximum setting of 120 [deg]F.
    (4) * * *
    (i) A dishwashing machine must discharge its waste through a fixed 
air gap installed above the machine, through a high loop as specified 
by the dishwashing machine manufacturer, or into an open standpipe 
receptor with a height greater than the washing compartment of the 
machine. When a standpipe is used, it must be at least 18 inches, but 
not more than 30 inches, above the trap weir. The drain connections 
from the air gap or high loop are permitted to connect to an individual 
trap to a directional fitting installed in the sink tailpiece or to an 
opening provided on the inlet side of a food waste disposal unit.
* * * * *
    (5) * * *
    (ii) Standpipes must be either 1\1/2\ inch diameter minimum nominal 
iron pipe size, 1\1/2\ inch diameter nominal brass tubing of not less 
than No. 20 Brown and Sharp gauge, or 1\1/2\ inch diameter approved 
plastic materials. Receptors must discharge into a vented trap or must 
be connected to a laundry tub appliance by means of an approved or 
listed directional fitting. Each standpipe must extend not less than 18 
inches or more than 42 inches above its trap and must terminate in an 
accessible location no lower than the top of the clothes washing 
machine. A removable, tight-fitting cap or plug must be installed on 
the standpipe when the clothes washer is not provided.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) Hydromassage bathtub--(i) Access panel. A door or panel of 
sufficient size must be installed to provide access to the pump for 
repair or replacement.
    (ii) Piping drainage. The circulation pump must be accessibly 
located above the crown weir of the trap. The pump drain line must be 
properly sloped to drain the volute after fixture use.
    (iii) Piping. Hydromassage bathtub circulation piping must be 
installed to be self-draining.
* * * * *
0
23. In Sec.  3280.609, revise paragraphs (b)(7) and (8) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.609  Water distribution systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (7) Hose bibbs. When provided, all exterior hose bibbs and laundry 
sink hose connections must be protected by a listed nonremovable 
backflow prevention device. This requirement is not applicable to hose 
connections provided for automatic washing machines with built-in 
backflow prevention or water heater drain valves.
    (8) Flushometer tanks. Flushometer tanks must be equipped with an 
approved air gap or vacuum breaker assembly that is located above the 
flood-level rim above the fixture.
* * * * *
0
24. In Sec.  3280.610, revise paragraphs (b)(1) and (e) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.610  Drainage systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Pipe. Drainage piping must be standard weight galvanized steel, 
brass, copper tube DWV, listed Scheduled 40 ABS plastic, listed 
Scheduled 40 PVC plastic, cast iron, or other listed or approved 
materials.
* * * * *
    (e) Size of drainage piping. Fixture drains must be sized as 
follows:
    (1) Fixture drains serving a single lavatory must be a minimum of 
1\1/4\ inches in diameter.
    (2) Fixture drains serving two or three fixtures must be a minimum 
of 1\1/2\ inches in diameter.
    (3) Fixture drains serving four or more fixtures that are 
individually vented must be a minimum of 2 inches in diameter.
    (4) Fixture drains for water closets must be a minimum of 3 inches 
in diameter.
* * * * *
0
25. In Sec.  3280.611, revise paragraphs (b)(1), (d), and (f) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.611  Vents and venting.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Pipe. Vent piping must be standard weight galvanized steel, 
brass, copper tube DWV, listed Scheduled 40 ABS plastic, listed 
Scheduled 40 PVC plastic, cast iron, or other listed or approved 
materials.
* * * * *
    (d) Mechanical Vents. Where mechanical vents are used as a 
secondary vent system for plumbing fixtures that are protected by 
traps, the mechanical vents must comply with paragraphs (d)(1) or (2) 
of this section.
    (1) Spring-operated mechanical (anti-siphon) vents must comply with 
the following:
    (i) No more than two fixtures individually protected by the spring-
operated mechanical vent may be drained by a common 1\1/2\ inch 
diameter drain.
    (ii) The drain size for three or more fixtures individually 
protected by a spring-operated mechanical vent must be at least 2 
inches in diameter.
    (iii) Spring-operated mechanical vents are restricted to venting 
fixtures with 1\1/2\ inch traps.
    (iv) A spring-operated mechanical vent must be installed in a 
location that allows a free flow of air and is accessible for 
inspection, maintenance, and replacement. The sealing function must be 
at least 6 inches above the top of the trap arm.
    (v) Materials for the spring-operated mechanical vents must be as 
follows:
    (A) Cap and housing must be listed acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, 
DWV grade;
    (B) Stem must be DWV grade nylon or acetal;
    (C) Spring must be stainless steel wire, Type 302; and
    (D) Sealing disc must be either:
    (1) Neoprene, conforming to CISPI-HSN-85, Specification for 
Neoprene Rubber Gaskets for HUB and Spigot Cast Iron Soil Pipe and 
Fittings (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), and to ASTM 
C564-97, Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil 
Pipe and Fittings (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4); or
    (2) Other material, conforming to ASTM C920-02, Standard 
Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4), and to ASTM D4635-01, Standard 
Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene 
for General Use and Packaging Applications (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec.  3280.4).
    (2) Gravity-operated mechanical (air admittance valves) vents must 
comply with the following:
    (i) Where installed to vent any fixture, the drain system must have 
a minimum 1\1/2\ inch diameter vent that terminates outside the 
manufactured home.
    (ii) Where gravity-operated mechanical vent devices terminate in 
the attic cavity, the following requirements must be met:
    (A) The attic cavity must be accessible;
    (B) The sealing device must be installed a minimum of 6 inches 
above the insulation materials; and
    (C) The attic must be vented in accordance with Sec.  
3280.504(c)(1)(i);
    (3) Mechanical vents must be installed in accordance with the vent 
manufacturer's instructions.
* * * * *
    (f) Vent terminal. Vents must terminate through the roof or wall, 
or to a mechanical vent device in accordance with paragraph (d) of this 
section.

[[Page 73987]]

    (1) Roof extension. Each vent pipe must extend through its flashing 
and terminate vertically. Vents that extend through the roof must 
extend undiminished in size, not less than 2 inches above the roof. 
Vent openings must be at least 3 feet away from any motor-driven air 
intake that opens into any habitable area.
    (2) Wall extensions. Extensions through exterior walls must 
terminate downward, have a screen to prevent entrance of birds and 
rodents, and be located as follows:
    (i) Extensions must not be located beneath a door, window, or other 
opening;
    (ii) Extensions must be a minimum of 10 feet above the finished 
floor;
    (iii) Extensions must be located a minimum of 2 feet above any 
building opening that is within 10 feet horizontally of any extension; 
and
    (iv) Extensions must not terminate under an overhang with soffit 
vents.
    (3) Flashing. The opening around each vent pipe shall be made 
watertight by an adequate flashing or flashing material.
* * * * *

0
26. In Sec.  3280.702:
0
a. Revise the definitions of ``Class 0 air ducts,'' and ``Class 1 air 
ducts'';
0
b. Remove the definition of ``Class 2 air ducts'';
0
c. Add in alphabetical order definitions of ``Combination space heating 
and water heating appliance,'' ``Direct-vent system,'' and ``Direct-
vent system appliance'';
0
d. Remove the definition of ``Energy efficiency ratio (EER)''; and
0
e. Revise the definitions of ``Heating appliance'' and ``Water 
heater''.
    The additions and revisions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.702  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Class 0 air ducts and air connectors means air ducts and air 
connectors having a fire hazard classification of zero when tested in 
accordance with UL 181-2003, Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    Class 1 air ducts and air connectors means air ducts and air 
connectors having a flame spread rating of not over 25 without evidence 
of continued progressive combustion and a smoke developed rating of not 
over 50 when tested in accordance with UL 181-2003, Standard for Safety 
Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    Combination space heating and water heating appliance means a 
listed unit that is designed to provide space heating and water heating 
from a single primary energy source.
* * * * *
    Direct-vent system means a system or method of construction where 
all air for combustion is derived directly from the outside atmosphere 
and all flue gases are discharged to the outside atmosphere.
    Direct-vent system appliance means an appliance that is installed 
with a direct vent system.
* * * * *
    Heating appliance means an appliance for comfort heating, domestic 
water heating, or a combination of comfort heating and domestic water 
heating.
* * * * *
    Water heater means an appliance for heating water for domestic 
purposes.

0
27. In Sec.  3280.703:
0
a. Under the undesignated heading ``Appliances,'' add a reference 
standard for ``Decorative Gas Appliances for Installation in Solid Fuel 
Burning Appliances'' after the standard for ``Gas-Fired Central 
Furnace'';
0
b. Under the undesignated heading ``Nonferrous Pipe, Tubing, and 
Fittings,'' revise the reference standard for ``Standard Specification 
for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field 
Service''; and
0
c. Under the undesignated heading ``Miscellaneous,'' revise the 
reference standards for ``Factory-Made Air Ducts and Connectors,'' 
``Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot Water Supply 
System,'' ``Gas Appliance Thermostats,'' and ``Standard for the 
Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment.''
    The revisions and additions to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.703  Minimum standards.

* * * * *

Appliances

* * * * *
    Decorative Gas Appliances for Installation in Solid Fuel Burning 
Fireplaces--RADCO DS-010-91 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4).
* * * * *

Nonferrous Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings

* * * * *
    Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air 
Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service--ASTM B280-95a.
* * * * *

Miscellaneous

    Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors, UL 181, Ninth Edition, 
April 4, 1996, with revisions through May 15, 2003 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems, ANSI Z21.22-1999, 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    Gas Appliance Thermostats--ANSI Z21.23-93 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, NFPA 31-01 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *


Sec.  3280.704  [Removed and Reserved]

0
28. Remove and reserve Sec.  3280.704.

0
29. Amend Sec.  3280.705 as follows:
0
a. Add paragraph (b)(5);
0
b. Add Table to paragraph (d);
0
c. Revise paragraph (f)(1);
0
d. Revise paragraph (h); and
0
e. Remove the Table designated ``Part I'' and the reference to ``Part 
II [Reserved]''.
    The additions and revisions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.705  Gas piping systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) Corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) systems must be listed 
and installed in accordance with ANSI/IAS LC-1-1997, Fuel Gas Piping 
Systems Using Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4), and the requirements of this section.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *

[[Page 73988]]



  Table to paragraph (d)--Maximum Capacity of Different Sizes of Pipe and Tubing in Thousands of Btu/hr of Natural Gas for Gas Pressures of 0.5 psig or
                                               Less, and a Maximum Pressure Drop of \1/2\ in. Water Column
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      ID (in.)                          10 ft     20 ft     30 ft     40 ft     50 ft     60 ft     70 ft     80 ft     90 ft    100 ft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Iron Pipe Sizes--Length
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1/4\...............................................        43        29        24        20        18        16        15        14        13        12
\3/8\...............................................        95        65        52        45        40        36        33        31        29        27
\1/2\...............................................       175       120        97        82        73        66        61        57        53        50
\3/4\...............................................       360       250       200       170       151       138       125       118       110       103
1...................................................       680       465       375       320       285       260       240       220       215       195
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 
                  EHD \2\                   ID (in.)    10 ft     20 ft     30 ft     40 ft     50 ft     60 ft     70 ft     80 ft     90 ft    100 ft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing--Length \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13........................................     \3/8\        31        21        17        14        13        12        11        10        10         9
15........................................     \3/8\        42        30        24        20        18        16        15        14        13        12
18........................................     \1/2\        79        56        45        39        36        33        30        28        27        25
19........................................     \1/2\        91        64        52        45        40        36        35        32        31        29
23........................................     \3/4\       155       111        92        80        72        65        60        58        55        52
25........................................     \3/4\       184       132       108        93        84        77        71        66        62        60
30........................................         1       317       222       180       156       138       126       116       108       103        97
31........................................         1       368       258       209       180       161       147       135       127       120       113
37........................................    1\1/4\       598       426       350       304       273       250       231       217       205       195
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 
                      OD (in.)                          10 ft     20 ft     30 ft     40 ft     50 ft     60 ft     70 ft     80 ft     90 ft    100 ft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Copper Tubing--Length
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1/4\...............................................        27        18        15        13        11        10         9         9         8         8
\3/8\...............................................        56        38        31        26        23        21        19        18        17        16
\1/2\...............................................       113        78        62        53        47        43        39        37        34        33
\3/4\...............................................       197       136       109        93        83        75        69        64        60        57
1...................................................       280       193       155       132       117       106        98        91        85        81
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Includes losses for four 90-degree bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bend and/or fittings shall be increased by an
  equivalent length of tubing according to the following equation: L = 1.3n, where L is actual length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional
  fittings and/or bends.
\2\ EHD (Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter)--A measure of the hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) Tubing joints shall be made with either a single or a double 
flare of 45 degrees in accordance with Flares For Tubing, SAE-J533b-
1992 or with other listed vibration-resistant fittings, or joints may 
be brazed with material having a melting point exceeding 1,000 [deg]F. 
Metallic ball sleeve compression-type tubing fittings shall not be 
used.
* * * * *
    (h) Concealed tubing. (1) Copper tubing must not be run inside 
walls, floors, partitions, or roofs. Corrugated stainless steel tubing 
(CSST) may be run inside walls, floors, partitions, and roofs under the 
following conditions:
    (i) The CSST is protected from accidental puncture by a steel 
strike barrier not less than 0.058 inch thick, or the barrier's 
equivalent, installed between the tubing and the finished wall and 
extending 4 inches beyond concealed penetrations of plates, firestops, 
and wall studs, or specified by the tubing manufacturer's instructions; 
and
    (ii) The CSST is installed in single runs and is not rigidly 
secured.
    (2) Where tubing passes through exterior walls, floors, partitions, 
or similar construction, the tubing must be protected by the use of 
weather-resistant grommets that snugly fit both the tubing and the hole 
through which the tubing passes, or protected as specified in the 
tubing manufacturer's instructions.
    (3) Concealed joints: Piping or tubing joints must not be located 
in any wall, floor, partition, or similar concealed construction space.
* * * * *

0
30. In Sec.  3280.706, revise paragraph (j) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.706  Oil piping systems.

* * * * *
    (j) Testing Tag. A tag must be affixed to each oil-fired appliance 
stating: ``Before setting the system in operation, tank installations 
and piping must be checked for oil leaks with fuel oil of the same 
grade that will be burned in the appliance. No other material may be 
used for testing fuel oil tanks and piping. Tanks must be filled to 
maximum capacity for the final check for oil leakage.''


0
31. In Sec.  3280.707, revise paragraph (a)(2), add paragraph (d) 
introductory text, and revise paragraphs (d)(2) and (f) introductory 
text to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.707  Heat producing appliances.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Each gas and oil burning comfort heating appliance must have an 
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of not less than that specified in 
10 CFR part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: 
Test Procedures for Furnaces/Boilers, Vented Home Heating Equipment and 
Pool Heaters.
* * * * *
    (d) Performance efficiency. Each automatic storage water heater 
must comply with the efficiency requirements of 10 CFR part 430, Energy 
Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Energy Conservation 
Standards for Water Heaters.
* * * * *
    (2) All gas and oil-fired automatic storage water heaters shall 
have a recovery efficiency, E, and a standby loss, S, as described 
below. The method of test of E and S shall be as described in section 
2.7 of Gas Water heaters, Vol.

[[Page 73989]]

I, Storage Water Heaters with Input/Ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or 
less, ANSI Z21.10.1-1998 with addendums Z21.10.1a-2000, and Z21.10.1b-
1992, except that for oil-fired units. CF=1.0, Q=total gallons of oil 
consumed and H=total heating value of oil in BTU/gallon.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Recovery
   Storage capacity in gallons        efficiency         Standby loss
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than 25....................  At least 75         Not more than 7.5
                                   percent..           percent.
25 up to 35.....................  00................  Not more than 7
                                                       percent.
35 or more......................  00................  Not more than 6
                                                       percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (f) Oil-fired heating equipment. All oil-fired heating equipment 
must conform to Liquid Fuel-burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured 
Homes and Recreational Vehicles, UL 307A-1995, with 1997 revisions, and 
be installed in accordance with Standard for the Installation of Oil 
Burning Equipment, NFPA 31-01 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4). Regardless of the requirements of the above-referenced 
standards, or any other standards referenced in this part, the 
following are not required:
* * * * *

0
32. Revise Sec.  3280.711 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.711  Instructions.

    Operating instructions must be provided with each appliance. The 
operating and installation instructions for each appliance must be 
provided with the homeowner's manual.

0
33. Amend Sec.  3280.714 as follows:
0
a. Add ``(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4)'' immediately 
following ``Heat Pump Equipment'' in paragraph (a)(1) introductory text 
and immediately following ``Heat Pump Appliances'' in paragraph (a)(2); 
and
0
b. Revise paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.714  Appliances, cooling.

    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Electric motor-driven unitary air-cooled air conditioners and 
heat pumps in the cooling mode with rated capacity less than 65,000 
BTU/hour (19,045 watts), when rated at ARI standard rating conditions 
in ARI Standard 210/240-89, Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source 
Heat Pump Equipment, must have seasonal energy efficiency (SEER) values 
not less than as specified in 10 CFR Part 430, Energy Conservation 
Program for Consumer Products: Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 
Energy Conservation Standards.
    (ii) Heat pumps must be certified to comply with all requirements 
of the ARI Standard 210/240-89, Unitary Air Conditioning and Air-Source 
Heat Pump Equipment. Electric motor-driven vapor compression heat pumps 
with supplemental electrical resistance heat must be sized to provide 
by compression at least 60 percent of the calculated annual heating 
requirements for the manufactured home being served. A control must be 
provided and set to prevent operation of supplemental electrical 
resistance heat at outdoor temperatures above 40 [deg]F (4 [deg]C), 
except for defrost conditions. Electric motor-driven vapor compression 
heat pumps with supplemental electric resistance heat conforming to ARI 
Standard 210/240-89, Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump 
Equipment, must have Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) 
efficiencies not less than as specified in the 10 CFR Part 430, Energy 
Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Central Air Conditioners 
and Heat Pumps Energy Conservation Standards.
* * * * *

0
34. In Sec.  3280.715, revise paragraphs (a)(1) introductory text, 
(a)(5)(ii), (a)(7), and (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.715  Circulating air systems.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Supply air ducts, fittings, and any dampers contained therein 
must be made of galvanized steel, tin-plated steel, or aluminum, or 
must be listed as Class 0 or Class 1 air ducts and air connectors in 
accordance with UL 181-2003, Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Class 1 air ducts and 
air connectors must be located at least 3 feet from the furnace bonnet 
or plenum. Air connectors must not be used for exterior manufactured 
home duct connection. A duct system integral with the structure must be 
of durable construction that can be demonstrated to be equally 
resistant to fire and deterioration as required by this section. 
Furnace supply plenums must be constructed of metal that extends a 
minimum of 3 feet from the heat exchanger measured along the centerline 
of airflow. Ducts constructed from sheet metal must be in accordance 
with the following table:
* * * * *
    (5) * * *
    (ii) The manufacturer must provide installation instructions for 
supporting, mechanically fastening, sealing, and insulating each 
crossover duct. The instructions must indicate that no portion of the 
crossover duct is to be in contact with the ground, and must describe 
the means to support the duct without compressing the insulation and 
restricting airflow.
* * * * *
    (7) Unless installed in a basement, supply and return ducts, 
fittings, and crossover duct plenums exposed directly to outside air, 
such as those under-chassis crossover ducts or ducts connecting 
external heating, cooling, or combination heating/cooling appliances, 
must be insulated with material having a minimum thermal resistance of 
R-8 in all Thermal Zones. All such insulating materials must have a 
continuous vapor barrier retarder having a perm rating of not more than 
1 perm. Where ducts are exposed underneath the manufactured home, they 
must comply with paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this section, and shall be 
listed for exterior use.
* * * * *
    (d) Supports and protection. Ducts must be securely supported. 
Nails or other fasteners must not be driven or penetrate through duct 
walls. Where vertical ducts are installed within closets or rooms, they 
must be enclosed with materials equivalent to those used in the closet 
or room construction.
* * * * *
0
36. In Sec.  3280.802, revise paragraphs (a)(37) and (39) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.802  Definitions.

    (a) * * *
    (37) Receptacle means a contact device installed at the outlet for 
the connection of an attachment plug. A single receptacle is a single 
contact device with no other contact device on the same yoke. A 
multiple receptacle is a device with two or more contact devices on the 
same yoke.
* * * * *
    (39) Utilization equipment means equipment that utilizes electric 
energy for electronic, electromechanical, chemical, heating, lighting, 
or similar purposes.
* * * * *

[[Page 73990]]


0
37. In Sec.  3280.803, revise paragraphs (d), (f), (i), and (k)(2) and 
(3) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.803  Power supply.

* * * * *
    (d) A suitable clamp or the equivalent must be provided at the 
distribution panelboard knockout to afford strain relief for the cord 
to prevent strain from being transmitted to the terminals when the 
power supply cord is handled in its intended manner.
* * * * *
    (f) The attachment plug cap must be a 3-pole, 4-wire, grounding 
type, rated 50 amperes, 125/250 volts, intended for use with the 50-
ampere, 125/250-volt receptacle configuration, as shown below. The cap 
must be listed, by itself or as part of a power-supply cord assembly, 
for the purpose, and must be molded to or installed on the flexible 
cord so that it is secured tightly to the cord at the point where the 
cord enters the attachment plug cap. If a right-angle cap is used, the 
configuration must be so oriented that the grounding member is farthest 
from the cord.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR09DE13.000

    (i) Where the cord passes through walls or floors, it must be 
protected by means of conduits and bushings or the equivalent. The cord 
is permitted to be installed within the manufactured home walls, 
provided that a continuous raceway having a maximum size of 1\1/4\ inch 
is installed from the branch-circuit panelboard to the underside of the 
manufactured home floor.
* * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (2) A listed metal raceway or listed rigid nonmetallic conduit from 
the disconnecting means in the manufactured home to the underside of 
the manufactured home, with provisions for the attachment of a suitable 
junction box or fitting to the raceway on the underside of the 
manufactured home. The manufacturer must provide written installation 
instructions stating the proper feeder conductor sizes for the raceway 
and the size of the junction box to be used; or
    (3) Service equipment installed in or on the manufactured home, 
provided that all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) In its written installation instructions, the manufacturer must 
include information indicating that the home must be secured in place 
by an anchoring system or installed on and secured to a permanent 
foundation;
    (ii) The installation of the service equipment complies with 
Article 230 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-2005 (incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Exterior service equipment or the 
enclosure in which it is to be installed must be weatherproof, and 
conductors must be suitable for use in wet locations;
    (iii) Means are provided for the connection of the grounding 
electrode conductor to the service equipment and routing it to the 
conductor outside the structure;
    (iv) Bonding and grounding of the service must be in accordance 
with Article 250, NFPA 70-2005, National Electrical Code (incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4);
    (v) The manufacturer must include in its installation instructions 
one method of grounding the service equipment at the installation site. 
The instructions must clearly state that other methods of grounding are 
found in Article 250 of NFPA 70-2005, National Electrical Code;
    (vi) The minimum size grounding electrode conductor must be 
specified in the instructions; and
    (vi) A red warning label must be mounted on or adjacent to the 
service equipment. The label must state the following: WARNING--DO NOT 
PROVIDE ELECTRICAL POWER UNTIL THE GROUNDING ELECTRODE(S) IS INSTALLED 
AND CONNECTED (SEE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS).

0
38. In Sec.  3280.804, revise paragraphs (a), (c), (e), and (f) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.804  Disconnecting means and branch-circuit protective 
equipment.

    (a) The branch-circuit equipment is permitted to be combined with 
the disconnecting means as a single assembly. Such a combination is 
permitted to be designated as a distribution panelboard. If a fused 
distribution panelboard is used, the maximum fuse size for the mains 
shall be plainly marked, with the lettering at least 1/4-inch high and 
visible when fuses are changed. See Article 110-22 of NFPA 70-2005, 
National Electrical Code (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), 
concerning the identification of each disconnecting means and each 
service, feeder, or branch circuit at the point where it originated, 
and the type of marking needed.
* * * * *
    (c) Disconnecting means. A single disconnecting means must be 
provided in each manufactured home, consisting of a circuit breaker, or 
a switch and fuses and its accessories, installed in a readily 
accessible location near the point of entrance of the supply cord or 
conductors into the manufactured home. The main circuit breakers or 
fuses must be plainly marked ``Main.'' This equipment must contain a 
solderless type of grounding connector or bar for the purposes of 
grounding, with sufficient terminals for all grounding conductors. The 
neutral bar termination of the grounded circuit conductors must be 
insulated in accordance with Sec.  3280.809(b).
* * * * *
    (e) A distribution panelboard employing a main circuit breaker must 
be rated not less than 50 amperes and employ a 2-pole circuit breaker 
rated 40 amperes for a 40-ampere supply cord, or

[[Page 73991]]

50 amperes for a 50-ampere supply cord. A distribution panelboard 
employing a disconnect switch and fuses must be rated not less than 60 
amperes and must employ a single, 2-pole fuseholder rated not less than 
60-amperes with 40- or 50-ampere main fuses for 40- or 50-ampere supply 
cords, respectively. The outside of the distribution panelboard must be 
plainly marked with the fuse size.
    (f) The distribution panelboard must be located in an accessible 
location, and must not be located in a bathroom or a clothes closet. A 
clear working space at least 30 inches wide and 30 inches in front of 
the distribution panelboard must be provided. This space must extend 
from the floor to the top of the distribution panelboard. Where used as 
switches, circuit breakers must be installed so that the center of the 
grip of the operating handle of the circuit breaker, when in its 
highest position, will not be more than 6 feet, 7 inches above the 
floor.
* * * * *


0
39. In Sec.  3280.805, add a sentence at the end of paragraph (a)(1), 
revise paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3)(i), and add paragraph (a)(3)(vi) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.805  Branch circuits required.

    (a) * * *
    (1) * * * Lighting circuits are permitted to serve built-in gas 
ovens with electric service for lights, clocks, or timers, or for 
listed cord-connected garbage disposal units.
    (2) Small Appliances. For the small appliance load in kitchens, 
pantries, dining rooms, and breakfast rooms of manufactured homes, two 
or more 20-ampere appliance branch circuits, in addition to the branch 
circuit specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, must be provided 
for all receptacle outlets in these rooms, and such circuits must have 
no other outlets. Countertop receptacle outlets installed in the 
kitchen must be supplied by not less than two small appliance branch 
circuits. One or more of the small appliance branch circuits may also 
supply other receptacle outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining room, 
and breakfast room. Receptacles installed solely for the electrical 
supply to an electric clock and receptacles installed to provide power 
for supplemental equipment and lighting on gas-fired ranges, ovens, or 
counter-mounted cooking units are not subject to the requirements of 
this paragraph (a)(2).
    (3) * * *
    (i) The ampere rating of fixed appliances must not exceed 50 
percent of the circuit rating if lighting outlets are on the same 
circuit (receptacles in the kitchen, dining area, and laundry are not 
considered to be lighting outlets);
* * * * *
    (vi) Bathroom receptacle outlets must be supplied by at least one 
20-ampere branch circuit. Such circuits must have no other outlets, 
except that it is permissible to place the receptacle outlet for a heat 
tape or pipe heating cable required by Sec.  3280.806(d)(10) on a 
bathroom circuit. (See Sec.  3280.806(b).)
* * * * *

0
40. In Sec.  3280.806, revise paragraphs (b) and (d) introductory text, 
redesignate paragraph (d)(10) as paragraph (d)(11), add new paragraph 
(d)(10) and paragraph (g) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.806  Receptacle outlets.

* * * * *
    (b) All 125-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacle 
outlets installed outdoors, or in compartments accessible from outside 
the manufactured home, and in bathrooms, including receptacles in light 
fixtures, must have ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for 
personnel. Ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel 
must be provided for receptacles serving countertops in kitchens and 
receptacle outlets located within 6 feet of a wet bar sink, except for 
receptacles installed for appliances in dedicated spaces, such as 
dishwashers, disposals, refrigerators, freezers, and laundry equipment.
* * * * *
    (d) Receptacle outlets required. Except in the bath, closet, and 
hall areas, receptacle outlets must be installed at wall spaces 2 feet 
or more wide, so that no point along the floor line is more than 6 
feet, measured horizontally, from an outlet in that space. Receptacle 
outlets in floors shall not be counted as part of the required number 
of receptacle outlets, unless located within 18 inches of the wall. In 
addition, a receptacle outlet must be installed in the following 
locations:
* * * * *
    (10) On the underside of the home for the connection of pipe 
heating cable(s) or heat tape(s), and the outlet must:
    (i) Be located within 2 feet of the cold water inlet;
    (ii) Be connected to an interior branch circuit, other than a small 
appliance branch circuit;
    (iii) Be located on a circuit where all of the outlets are on the 
load side of the ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for 
personnel; and
    (iv) Not be considered as the receptacle outlet required by 
paragraph (8) of this section.
* * * * *
    (g) Receptacles must not be in a face-up position in any 
countertop.

0
41. In Sec.  3280.807, revise paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.807  Fixtures and appliances.

* * * * *
    (c) Where a lighting fixture is installed over a bathtub or in a 
shower stall, it must be listed for wet locations. [See also Article 
410.4(D) of the National Electrical Code NFPA No. 70-2005.]
* * * * *

0
42. In Sec.  3280.808,
0
a. Revise paragraphs (f), (h), (i) introductory text, (i)(1), and (k);
0
b. Remove paragraph (l);
0
c. Redesignate paragraphs (m) through (r) as paragraphs (l) through 
(q); and
0
d. Revise newly redesignated paragraph (o)(2),
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.808  Wiring methods and materials.

* * * * *
    (f) Where metal faceplates are used, they must be effectively 
grounded.
* * * * *
    (h) Where rigid metal conduit or intermediate metal conduit is 
terminated at an enclosure with a locknut and bushing connection, two 
locknuts must be provided, one inside and one outside of the enclosure. 
Rigid nonmetallic conduit or electrical nonmetallic tubing is 
permitted. All cut ends of conduit and tubing must be reamed or 
otherwise finished to remove rough edges.
    (i) Switches must be rated as follows:
    (1) For lighting circuits, switches must be rated not less than 10 
amperes, 120 to 125 volts, and in no case less than the connected load.
     * * *
    (k) When outdoor or under-chassis line-voltage (120 volts, nominal 
or higher) wiring is exposed to moisture or physical damage, it must be 
protected by rigid metal conduit or intermediate metal conduit. The 
conductors must be suitable for wet locations. Electrical metallic 
tubing or rigid nonmetallic conduit is permitted to be used when 
closely routed against frames and equipment enclosures.
* * * * *
    (o) * * *
    (2) Conductors having an insulation suitable for the temperature 
encountered may be run from the appliance terminal connections to a 
readily accessible outlet box placed at least one foot from the 
appliance. If provided, these conductors must be in a suitable raceway 
or Type AC or MC

[[Page 73992]]

cable, of at least 18 inches but not more than 6 feet in length.
* * * * *

0
43. In Sec.  3280.813, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.813  Outdoor outlets, fixtures, air-conditioning equipment, 
etc.

* * * * *
    (b) A manufactured home provided with a branch circuit designed to 
energize outside heating equipment or air-conditioning equipment, other 
than room air conditioners, or both, located outside the manufactured 
home, other than room air conditioners, must have such branch-circuit 
conductors terminate in a listed outlet box, or disconnecting means, 
located on the outside of the manufactured home.
    (1) A label must be permanently affixed adjacent to the outlet box. 
The label must be not less than 0.020-inches thick etched brass, 
stainless steel, anodized or alclad aluminum, or equivalent, and must 
not be less than 3 inches x 1\3/4\ inches in size.
    (2)(i) The label must include the correct voltage and ampere rating 
and the following information:
    THIS CONNECTION IS FOR HEATING AND/OR AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT. 
THE BRANCH CIRCUIT IS RATED AT NOT MORE THAN----AMPERES, AT----VOLTS, 
60-HERTZ,----CONDUCTOR AMPACITY. A DISCONNECTING MEANS IS LOCATED 
WITHIN SIGHT OF THE EQUIPMENT.
    (ii) The correct voltage and ampere rating shall be given. The tag 
must be not less than 0.020-inches thick etched brass, stainless steel, 
anodized or alclad aluminum, or equivalent. The tag must have a minimum 
size of not less than 3 inches x 1\3/4\ inches.

0
44. In Sec.  3280.815, revise paragraph (a) as follows:


Sec.  3280.815  Polarization.

    (a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the 
white conductor must be employed for the grounded (neutral) circuit 
conductors only and must be connected to the white terminal or lead on 
receptacle outlets and fixtures. The grounded conductor must be the 
unswitched wire in switched circuits.
    (2) A cable containing an insulated conductor with a white or 
natural gray outer finish or a marking of three continuous white 
stripes may be used for single-pole, three-way, or four-way switch 
loops, where this conductor is used for the supply to the switch, but 
not as a return conductor from the switch to the switched outlet. In 
these applications, the conductor with white or natural gray insulation 
or with three continuous white stripes must be permanently re-
identified to indicate its use by painting or other effective means at 
its terminations and at each location where the conductor is visible 
and accessible.
* * * * *

    Dated: November 22, 2013.
Carol Galante,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner.
[FR Doc. 2013-28775 Filed 12-6-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4210-67-P