[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 229 (Wednesday, November 27, 2013)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 71042-71376]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-23895]



[[Page 71041]]

Vol. 78

Wednesday,

No. 229

November 27, 2013

Part II





 Department of Veterans Affairs





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38 CFR Parts 3 and 5





VA Compensation and Pension Regulation Rewrite Project; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 78 , No. 229 / Wednesday, November 27, 2013 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 71042]]


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DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

38 CFR Parts 3 and 5

RIN 2900-AO13


VA Compensation and Pension Regulation Rewrite Project

AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) proposes to reorganize 
and rewrite its compensation and pension regulations in a logical, 
claimant-focused, and user-friendly format. The intended effect of the 
proposed revisions is to assist claimants, beneficiaries, veterans' 
representatives, and VA personnel in locating and understanding these 
regulations.

DATES: Comments must be received by VA on or before March 27, 2014.

ADDRESSES: Written comments may be submitted through http://www.regulations.gov; by mail or hand-delivery to: Director, Regulations 
Management (02REG), Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Ave. 
NW., Room 1068, Washington, DC 20420; or by fax to (202) 273-9026. 
Comments should indicate that they are submitted in response to RIN 
2900-AO13. Copies of comments received will be available for public 
inspection in the Office of Regulation Policy and Management, Room 
1063B, between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday (except holidays). Please call (202) 461-4902 for an appointment 
(this is not a toll-free number). In addition, during the comment 
period, comments may be viewed online through the Federal Docket 
Management System at http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: William F. Russo, Deputy Director, 
Office of Regulations Policy & Management (02REG), Office of the 
General Counsel, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Ave. NW., 
Washington, DC 20420, (202) 461-4902 (this is not a toll-free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Introduction

    The VA Office of the General Counsel provides centralized 
management and coordination of VA's rulemaking process through its 
Office of Regulation Policy and Management (ORPM). One of ORPM's major 
functions is to oversee VA's Regulation Rewrite Project (the Project) 
to improve the organization and clarity of VA's adjudication 
regulations, which are in current 38 CFR part 3. These regulations 
govern the adjudication of claims for VA's monetary benefits 
(compensation, pension, dependency and indemnity compensation, and 
burial benefits), which are administered by the Veterans Benefits 
Administration (VBA).
    The Project responds to a recommendation made by the VA Claims 
Processing Task Force in its October 2001 ``Report to the Secretary of 
Veterans Affairs'' and to criticisms by the U.S. Court of Appeals for 
Veterans Claims. The Task Force recommended that VA reorganize its 
regulations in a logical, coherent manner. The Court referred to the 
current regulations as a ``confusing tapestry'' and criticized VA for 
maintaining substantive rules in its Adjudication Procedures Manual 
(manual). Accordingly, the Project reviewed the manual to identify 
provisions that might be substantive and incorporated those provisions 
in a complete rewrite of part 3. VA published the rewritten material in 
20 Notices of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRMs) and gave interested persons 
60 days to submit comments after each publication. These NPRMs 
addressed specific topics, programs, or groups of regulatory material 
organized under the following Rulemaking Identifier Numbers (RIN):

 RIN 2900-AL67, Service Requirements for Veterans (January 30, 
2004)
 RIN 2900-AL70, Presumptions of Service Connection for Certain 
Disabilities, and Related Matters (July 27, 2004)
 RIN 2900-AL71, Accrued Benefits, Death Compensation, and 
Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a Beneficiary (October 1, 2004)
 RIN 2900-AL72, Burial Benefits (April 8, 2008)
 RIN 2900-AL74, Apportionments to Dependents and Payments to 
Fiduciaries and Incarcerated Beneficiaries (January 14, 2011)
 RIN 2900-AL76, Benefits for Certain Filipino Veterans and 
Survivors (June 30, 2006)
 RIN 2900-AL82, Rights and Responsibilities of Claimants and 
Beneficiaries (May 10, 2005)
 RIN 2900-AL83, Elections of Improved Pension; Old-Law and 
Section 306 Pension (December 27, 2004)
 RIN 2900-AL84, Special and Ancillary Benefits for Veterans, 
Dependents, and Survivors (March 9, 2007)
 RIN 2900-AL87, General Provisions (March 31, 2006)
 RIN 2900-AL88, Special Ratings (October 17, 2008)
 RIN 2900-AL89, Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Benefits 
(October 21, 2005)
 RIN 2900-AL94, Dependents and Survivors (September 20, 2006)
 RIN 2900-AL95, Payments to Beneficiaries Who Are Eligible for 
More than One Benefit (October 2, 2007)
 RIN 2900-AM01, General Evidence Requirements, Effective Dates, 
Revision of Decisions, and Protection of Existing Ratings (May 22, 
2007)
 RIN 2900-AM04, Improved Pension (September 26, 2007)
 RIN 2900-AM05, Matters Affecting the Receipt of Benefits (May 
31, 2006)
 RIN 2900-AM06, Payments and Adjustments to Payments (October 
31, 2008)
 RIN 2900-AM07, Service-Connected Disability Compensation 
(September 1, 2010)
 RIN 2900-AM16, VA Benefit Claims (April 14, 2008)

    VA received numerous comments to the 20 NPRMs. These came from 
private individuals and several Veterans Service Organizations. VA 
thanks the commenters for the time they invested and the contribution 
they have made to the quality of the proposed regulations in this 
document.
    VA also wishes to thank its employees, past and present, for their 
hard work and dedication in drafting these regulations. We are 
especially grateful for the contributions of the late Richard Hirst and 
Robert M. White, who dedicated their lives to our nation's disabled 
veterans.
    In several of the prior NPRMs, we proposed to amend certain 
provisions or portions of provisions in 38 CFR part 3. Upon further 
consideration, if VA implemented the Project as a new 38 CFR part 5, it 
would not amend any part 3 provisions in conjunction with publishing 
part 5. Instead, it would remove part 3 in its entirety when it is no 
longer applicable to the adjudication of benefit claims and would 
provide public notice before doing so.
    As stated in the prior NPRMs, we would incorporate numerous 
statutory amendments, VA General Counsel Opinions, court decisions, and 
VA manual provisions in the rewritten regulations. To the extent that 
any manual provision would be inconsistent with a rewritten regulation, 
the regulation would be binding on VA and the public. Any 
implementation of the rewritten regulations, whether implemented as 
proposed in this NPRM or in some other manner, would require a 
corresponding rewrite of VA's adjudication procedures manual.

[[Page 71043]]

    VA does not intend to publish a final rule in this rulemaking 
proceeding in the near future. In the first quarter of fiscal year 
2012, VBA formulated a Transformation Plan to improve the delivery of 
benefits to veterans and their dependents and survivors. In the first 
phase of this plan, VBA's transformational people, processes, and 
technology initiatives are designed to achieve VA's priority goals of 
processing all disability claims within 125 days and increasing rating 
quality to 98 percent by the end of 2015. Upon achieving those goals, 
the plan calls for VBA to allocate resources to maintain high-quality 
service for compensation claims while redirecting resources to the 
second phase of the transformation, which will address the needs of 
VBA's other benefit programs (appeals, veterans and survivors pension, 
dependency and indemnity compensation, burial benefits, vocational 
rehabilitation, education, and fiduciary). To ensure that VBA 
successfully implements this plan and accomplishes the Department's 
priority goals of eliminating the disability claims backlog and 
improving veterans' and survivors' access to benefits and services, VA 
may not publish a final-rule notice in this rulemaking until VBA's 
Transformation implementation is complete.
    In the interim, VA will continue to amend its adjudication 
regulations in 38 CFR part 3 to implement changes in law and the 
policies and procedures that it needs to properly administer its 
benefit programs. In amending part 3, VA may refer to the work done by 
the Project and may incorporate that work in whole or in part depending 
upon the nature of the amendments. In this way, regardless of any 
future decision about implementation of the Project's rewritten 
regulations, VA will update its regulations at the same time that VBA 
is improving the delivery of benefits to veterans and survivors under 
the Transformation Plan.

Request for Public Comments

    In this NPRM, we have merged the Rulemaking Identifier Numbers 
(RINs) of the 20 prior NPRMs into the RIN for this NPRM, AO13. The 
preamble to this NPRM addresses the public comments that VA received in 
response to those NPRMs and explains the changes we have made to the 
initially proposed rules.
    Although VA does not intend to complete this rulemaking in the near 
future, we request public comments on the consolidation of the prior 
proposed rules, which would be implemented in a new 38 CFR part 5, and 
on the changes made to those proposed rules. Prior to publishing a 
final rule in this rulemaking, VA will consider any comments that it 
receives in response to this NPRM and will evaluate the feasibility of 
a one-time implementation of new part 5 as proposed. If VA determines 
that such an implementation is feasible, we may need to publish 
additional rulemakings to adapt to implementation plans and keep these 
proposed rules up to date.

Substantive v. Non-substantive Changes

    In the NPRMs we stated:

[a]lthough these regulations have been substantially restructured 
and rewritten for greater clarity and ease of use, most of the basic 
concepts contained in these proposed regulations are the same as in 
their existing counterparts in 38 CFR part 3. However, a few 
substantive differences are proposed . . . .
. . . .
Readers who . . . observe substantive changes between [existing 
regulatory provisions and proposed provisions] should consult the 
text that appears later in this document for an explanation of 
significant changes in each regulation.

    In the NPRMs we sometimes referred to specific proposed changes 
from part 3 as ``substantive'' or ``not substantive.'' Sometimes we 
said ``we intend no substantive change.'' Our intent was to clarify for 
readers whether we were making a policy change (``substantive'') or 
merely restating existing VA policy more clearly (``non-substantive''), 
in those instances where we thought a reader might need that guidance. 
Most often, however, we applied neither label to our changes; instead 
we simply told the reader how we were proposing to change a regulation 
provision and why.
    However, the case of Roberts v. Shinseki, 23 Vet. App. 416 (2010), 
aff'd on other grounds, 647 F.3d 1334 (Fed. Cir. 2011), the U.S. Court 
of Appeals for Veterans Claims (CAVC) showed how such labels can be 
misleading. In Roberts, the CAVC affirmed VA's severance of fraudulent 
service connection. The Secretary argued severance for fraud is subject 
to the due process required in 38 CFR 3.103(b) (concerning adverse 
decisions) and exempt from the requirements of Sec.  3.105(d) 
(concerning severance of service connection). The CAVC also held that 
the reference to compliance with Sec.  3.105(d) in the regulation on 
protection of service-connected status Sec.  3.957 does not apply in 
cases of fraud. In holding that Sec.  3.105(d) does not apply to 
severance of service connection based fraud, the CAVC explicitly 
rejected appellant's Sec. Sec.  3.105(a) and 3.957 arguments that 
severance for fraud requires proof that the grant was based on clear 
and unmistakable error (CUE).
    The Roberts dissent quoted at length from NPRM AM 01, 72 FR 28770, 
May 22, 2007, to rebut the Secretary's assertion that his argument 
correctly stated VA interpretation of Sec. Sec.  3.105(d) and 3.957 in 
light of regulatory history and in the absence of historical 
information that VA ever implemented the regulations differently. The 
dissent first noted that in rewriting Sec. Sec.  3.957 and 3.105(d), 
``VA intends to `clarify' and recodify 38 CFR 3.957 and the provisions 
of 38 CFR 3.105(d) that govern when service connection may be severed 
at 38 CFR 5.175, entitled `Protection or severance of service 
connection.' '' Id. at 436. The dissent also noted that our proposed 
regulations did not except severance of service connection based on 
fraud from the due process or burden of proof elements of Sec. Sec.  
3.957 or 3.105(d). Finally, the dissent noted that the NPRM stated that 
it explained any substantive changes between part 3 and part 5, 72 FR 
28771-27772, May 22, 2007, and that there was nothing in the NPRM 
``indicating that the rewriting and restructuring of the regulations 
[pertaining to severance of service connection for fraud] are intended 
as substantive changes.'' Id. at 437-39. From these observations, the 
dissent reasoned, the NPRM revealed VA's interpretation of Sec. Sec.  
3.957 and 3.105(d) as requiring application of both the process and 
burden of proof provisions of Sec.  3.105(d) before severing service 
connection.
    This dissent illustrates the need to revise the way we use labels 
describing differences between part 5 regulations and the part 3 
regulations from which they derive. In addition to the confusion 
highlighted by the Roberts case, we believe that readers may 
incorrectly read our substantive or non-substantive labels as referring 
to the distinction that the Administrative Procedures Act (specifically 
5 U.S.C. 553) makes between substantive rules and interpretive or 
procedural rules. See Cmty. Nutrition Inst. v. Young, 818 F.2d 943 
(D.C. Cir. 1987); Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural 
Resources Defense Council, 435 U.S. 519 (1978); Am. Hosp. Ass'n v. 
Bowen, 834 F.2d 1037, 1045 (D.C. Cir. 1987).
    To avoid potential confusion, we now advise readers to draw no 
inferences from the use of, or non-use of, the labels substantive or 
non-substantive in the NPRMs. Instead, readers should simply rely on 
our actual description of the change and our reasons for making the 
change. The only instances where we use ``substantive'' in this 
preamble are where we used the term to refute a

[[Page 71044]]

comment asserting that we are diminishing rights or benefits and when 
used to distinguish a ``substantive'' provision from a ``procedural'' 
one.

II. Overview of New Part 5 Organization

    We plan to organize the new part 5 regulations so that most 
provisions governing a specific benefit are located in the same 
subpart, with general provisions pertaining to all compensation and 
pension benefits grouped together. This organization will allow 
claimants, beneficiaries, and their representatives, as well as VA 
adjudicators, to find information relating to a specific benefit more 
quickly than the organization provided in current part 3.
    The first major subdivision would be ``Subpart A: General 
Provisions''. It would include information regarding the scope of the 
regulations in new part 5, general definitions, and general policy 
provisions for this part. We published this subpart as a Notice of 
Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on Mar. 31, 2006. See 71 FR 16464.
    ``Subpart B: Service Requirements for Veterans'' would include 
information regarding a veteran's military service, including the 
minimum service requirement, types of service, periods of war, and 
service evidence requirements. We published this subpart as an NPRM on 
Jan. 30, 2004. See 69 FR 4820
    ``Subpart C: Adjudicative Process, General'' would inform readers 
about claim filing and benefit application procedures, VA's duties, 
claimants' and beneficiaries' rights and responsibilities, general 
evidence requirements, and general effective dates of new awards, and 
about revision of decisions and protection of VA ratings. We published 
this subpart as three separate NPRMs due to its size. We published the 
first, concerning the duties of VA and the rights and responsibilities 
of claimants and beneficiaries, on May 10, 2005. See 70 FR 24680. We 
published the second, concerning general evidence requirements, 
effective dates, revision of decisions, and protection of existing 
ratings, on May 22, 2007. See 72 FR 28770. We published the third, 
concerning rules on filing benefits claims, on April 14, 2008. See 73 
FR 20136.
    ``Subpart D: Dependents and Survivors'' would inform readers how VA 
determines whether a person is a dependent or a survivor for purposes 
of determining eligibility for benefits. It would also provide the 
evidence requirements for these determinations. We published this 
subpart as an NPRM on September 20, 2006. See 71 FR 55052.
    ``Subpart E: Claims for Service Connection and Disability 
Compensation'' would define service-connected disability compensation 
and service connection, including direct and secondary service 
connection. This subpart would inform readers how VA determines service 
connection and entitlement to disability compensation. The subpart 
would also contain those provisions governing presumptions related to 
service connection, rating principles, and effective dates, as well as 
several special ratings. We published this subpart as three separate 
NPRMs due to its size. We published the first, concerning presumptions 
related to service connection, on July 27, 2004. See 69 FR 44614. We 
published the second, concerning special ratings, on October 17, 2008. 
See 73 FR 62004. We published the third, concerning service-connection 
and other disability compensation, on September 1, 2010. See 75 FR 
53744.
    ``Subpart F: Nonservice-Connected Disability Pensions and Death 
Pensions'' would include information regarding the three types of 
nonservice-connected pension: Old-Law Pension, Section 306 Pension, and 
Improved Pension. This subpart would also include those provisions that 
state how to establish entitlement to Improved Pension and the 
effective dates governing each pension. We published this subpart as 
two separate NPRMs due to its size. We published the portion concerning 
Old-Law Pension, Section 306 Pension, and elections of Improved Pension 
on December 27, 2004. See 69 FR 77578. We published the portion 
concerning eligibility and entitlement requirements, as well as 
effective dates of Improved Pension, on September 26, 2007. See 72 FR 
54776.
    ``Subpart G: Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Accrued 
Benefits, and Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a Beneficiary'' 
would contain regulations governing claims for dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC); accrued benefits; and various special rules that 
apply to the disposition of benefits, or proceeds of benefits, when a 
beneficiary dies. This subpart would also include related definitions, 
effective-date rules, and rate-of-payment rules. We published this 
subpart as two separate NPRMs due to its size. We published the NPRM 
concerning accrued benefits, special rules applicable upon the death of 
a beneficiary, and several effective-date rules, on October 1, 2004. 
See 69 FR 59072. We published the NPRM concerning DIC benefits and 
general provisions relating to proof of death and service-connected 
cause of death on October 21, 2005. See 70 FR 61326.
    ``Subpart H: Special and Ancillary Benefits for Veterans, 
Dependents, and Survivors'' would pertain to special and ancillary 
benefits available, including benefits for a child with various birth 
defects. We published this subpart as an NPRM on March 9, 2007. See 72 
FR 10860.
    ``Subpart I: Benefits for Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors'' 
would pertain to the various benefits available to Filipino veterans 
and their survivors. We published this subpart as an NPRM on June 30, 
2006. See 71 FR 37790.
    ``Subpart J: Burial Benefits'' would pertain to burial allowances. 
We published this subpart as an NPRM on April 8, 2008. See 73 FR 19021.
    ``Subpart K: Matters Affecting the Receipt of Benefits'' would 
contain provisions regarding bars to benefits, forfeiture of benefits, 
and renouncement of benefits. We published this subpart as an NPRM on 
May 31, 2006. See 71 FR 31056.
    ``Subpart L: Payments and Adjustments to Payments'' would include 
general rate-setting rules, several adjustment and resumption 
regulations, and election-of-benefit rules. We published this subpart 
as two separate NPRMs due to its size. We published the first, 
concerning payments to beneficiaries who are eligible for more than one 
benefit, on October 2, 2007. See 72 FR 56136. We published the second, 
concerning payments and adjustment to payments, on October 31, 2008. 
See 73 FR 65212.
    The final subpart, ``Subpart M: Apportionments to Dependents and 
Payments to Fiduciaries and Incarcerated Beneficiaries'' would include 
regulations governing apportionments, benefits for incarcerated 
beneficiaries, and guardianship. We published the NPRM, concerning 
apportionments to dependents and payments to fiduciaries and 
incarcerated beneficiaries, on January 14, 2011. See 76 FR 2766.

III. Tables Comparing Proposed Part 5 Rules With Current Part 3 Rules

    The purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to reorganize all 
of VA's compensation and pension rules in a logical, claimant-focused, 
and user-friendly format. We have redistributed the part 3 regulations 
into a new organizational structure, part 5. We have created two 
tables, the distribution table and the derivation table, to facilitate 
the understanding of the redistribution of the regulations. These 
tables are meant to aid users who are familiar with either

[[Page 71045]]

the part 3 or the part 5 regulations and are searching for their 
counterparts in part 5 or part 3. We have updated the tables in this 
NPRM to reflect the proposed changes from the 20 initial NPRMs already 
published.
    The distribution table lists the part 3 regulations by title and 
matches them with the corresponding part 5 regulations. There may not 
be an equivalent part 5 regulation for some part 3 regulations. This is 
indicated by the phrase ``NO PART 5 REG--unnecessary'' in the part 5 
column. There are several reasons not to include certain part 3 
regulations in part 5. It may be obsolete or repetitive of another 
provision that fully covers the intent of the regulation.
    The derivation table is organized by subpart. Each subpart contains 
regulations relevant to the title of the subpart. The derivation table 
lists the proposed part 5 regulations in numerical order, with the 
corresponding part 3 paragraph numbers and the part 5 section title. 
Some of the part 5 regulations have no part 3 counterpart. This is 
indicated by the term ``new'' in the part 3 column. A regulation is 
determined to be ``new'' because it may be based on a change in law, a 
court decision, a General Counsel Opinion, or a manual provision.
    As stated previously, there are also instances where we have not 
carried over a part 3 regulation into part 5. Where appropriate, we 
have included a comment explaining why part 5 does not include a 
certain part 3 provision. We propose to add part 5 citations to all the 
cross-references on the table to ensure that readers will be able to 
locate the relevant regulation.

IV. General Comments on Regulation Rewrite Project

    One commenter, in response to AL70, ``Presumptions of service 
connection for certain disabilities, and related matters'', suggested 
that VA's decision to rewrite and reorganize the provisions of part 3 
and promulgate them as part 5 is not in the best interest of veterans. 
The commenter stated that as part 3 has withstood the scrutiny of the 
courts and has been changed accordingly, there is no reason to now 
rewrite it. Additionally, the commenter feared that the introduction of 
part 5 will lead to an increase in the number of appeals to the courts 
as the regulations undergo the rigors of judicial review, which will 
result in delays to claimants.
    Another commenter asserted that proposed AL83, ``Elections of 
Improved Pension; Old-Law and Section 306 Pension'', would add to the 
administrative costs of VA programs and therefore should not be 
adopted. This commenter urged VA to provide the services already 
promised rather than seek ``to change the manner in which they are not 
put forward.''
    The project to rewrite and reorganize the regulations responds to a 
recommendation made in the October 2001 ``Report to the Secretary of 
Veterans Affairs'' by the VA Claims Processing Task Force. The Task 
Force recommended that the Compensation and Pension (C&P) regulations 
be rewritten and reorganized in order to improve VA's claims 
adjudication process. These regulations are among the most difficult VA 
regulations for readers to understand and apply. The Project began its 
efforts by reviewing, reorganizing, and redrafting the regulations in 
38 CFR part 3 governing the C&P programs of the Veterans Benefits 
Administration.
    We disagree with the assertion of the commenters that rewriting and 
reorganizing the regulations in part 3 is not in the best interests of 
veterans. Although it is possible that the validity of the new part 5 
regulations may be challenged in the short-term, in the long-term, 
rewriting and reorganizing these regulations will be beneficial to 
veterans. This is because part 5 will be better organized, which will 
allow readers and VA personnel to find information more easily. In 
addition, the part 5 regulations will be easier for the average reader 
to understand, will resolve many ambiguities and inconsistencies, and 
they will not include many outdated references and regulations that are 
found in part 3. Therefore, we propose to make no changes based on 
these comments.
    One commenter asserted that, without legal authority, VA 
interprets, amends, and reverses laws enacted by Congress. The 
commenter stated that VA regulations obstruct compensation and ``impose 
a separate, discriminatory, quasi-judicial process upon veterans.''
    We respectfully disagree with the comment and propose to make no 
changes based on it. Congress has given VA authority to regulate in 
order to carry out statutory programs supporting veterans and their 
families, as stated in 38 U.S.C. 501, ``Rules and regulations''. 
Paragraph (a) of section 501 includes the following:

     The Secretary has authority to prescribe all rules and 
regulations which are necessary or appropriate to carry out the laws 
administered by the Department and are consistent with those laws, 
including--
    [cir] regulations with respect to the nature and extent of proof 
and evidence and the method of taking and furnishing them in order 
to establish the right to benefits under such laws;
    [cir] the forms of application by claimants under such laws;
    [cir] the methods of making investigations and medical 
examinations; and
    [cir] the manner and form of adjudications and awards.

    The same commenter asserted that the Feres Doctrine (which 
restricts active duty servicemembers from filing suit against the U.S. 
Government) and the restrictions on veterans hiring attorneys to 
represent them in VA claims (see 38 U.S.C. 5904) are unconstitutional. 
The commenter also asserted that VA decisions have upheld the grant of 
``sovereign immunity'' to the chemical companies that manufactured 
Agent Orange and other defoliants. Lastly, the same commenter urged 
that VA adopt a regulation requiring that any VA employee who 
wrongfully denies benefits to a veteran to be permanently removed from 
federal employment and lose all their retirement benefits. We propose 
to make no changes based on any of these comments because they are 
outside the scope of this rulemaking.

V. Technical Corrections and Changes to Terminology for Part 5

    We propose to make certain additional technical corrections and 
changes in terminology in this proposed rule.

Technical Corrections

    In addition to considering any necessary changes to proposed part 5 
regulations based on comments received from the public, we propose to 
make certain technical corrections. These corrections include updated 
citations to certain regulations to which the NPRM referred. We are now 
replacing these ``place holder'' citations with the current part 5 
citations.
    Additionally, we propose to renumber certain regulations of part 5 
in order to accommodate all needed regulations.
    As stated previously in this preamble, we propose to eventually 
replace 38 CFR part 3 with a new part 5. We note that numerous 38 CFR 
sections reference part 3 sections. To update these citations 
throughout 38 CFR, we propose to add ``or [insert part 5 section]'' 
after each to include a reference to the part 5 equivalent to the 
referenced part 3 provision.
    We have compiled the following table that lists the sections in 38 
CFR outside part 3 that reference part 3 sections. In addition to the 
part 3 section, the list includes the corresponding part 5 citation. 
The list is organized by part. As discussed in various portions of this 
preamble, there are instances where a

[[Page 71046]]

part 3 regulation will not be carried over into part 5. In those 
instances, we propose to simply leave the part 3 citation unchanged.

                                  Table of References to 38 CFR Part 3 Sections
This table lists the sections in 38 CFR outside part 3 that reference part 3 sections. In addition to the part 3
          section, the list includes the corresponding part 5 citation. The list is organized by part.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        Part 3 section       Equivalent part 5
     Part               Part name               38 CFR section            referenced              citation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............  General Provisions.........  1.17(c)...............  3.311................  5.269
                                            1.911(f)(2)...........  3.103(e).............  5.80
                                            1.969(b)(1)...........  3.104(a).............  5.160(a)
                                            1.969(b)(2)...........  3.105(a); 3.105(b)...  5.162(c); 5.162(f);
                                                                                            5.163
                                            1.969(b)(3)...........  3.103................  5.4(a); 5.4(b); 5.80;
                                                                                            5.81; 5.82; 5.83;
                                                                                            5.84
                                            1.969(c)..............  3.105(b).............  5.163
                                            1.969(c)..............  3.400(h).............  5.150(a); 5.166;
                                                                                            5.55(e)
4............  Schedule for Rating          4.3...................  3.102................  5.249(a); 5.4(b);
                Disabilities.                                                               5.3(b)(2);
                                                                                            5.3(b)(3);
                                                                                            5.3(b)(5);
                                            4.17(b)...............  3.321(b)(2)..........  5.380(c)(5)
                                            4.28(Note(1)).........  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.29(a)(2)............  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.29(g)...............  3.321(b)(1)..........  5.280
                                            4.30 (introduction)...  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.30(a)(3)............  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(c)(1)(i).......  5.326(a)
                                             2 column 2).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(b).............  5.324
                                             2 column 3).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(x).......  5.327(a)
                                             2 column 4).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(vi)......  5.325(c)
                                             2 column 5).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(xi)......  5.328(b)
                                             2 column 6).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(viii)....  5.326(f)
                                             2 column 7).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(b).............  5.324
                                             3 column 3).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(iii).....  5.325(b)
                                             3 column 4).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(i).......  5.325(a)
                                             3 column 5).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(iv)......  5.326(d)
                                             3 column 6).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(ii)......  5.326(c)
                                             3 column 7).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(d)(1)..........  5.328(a)
                                             4 column 4).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(c)(1)(iii).....  5.326(e)
                                             4 column 5).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(ix)......  5.327(d)
                                             4 column 6).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(xi)......  5.328(b)
                                             4 column 7).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(c)(1)(ii)......  5.326(b)
                                             5 column 5).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(vii).....  5.327(c)
                                             5 column 6).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(f)(1)(v).......  5.327(b)
                                             5 column 7).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(e)(1)(i).......  5.330(a)
                                             6 column 6).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(d)(3)..........  5.328(d)
                                             6 column 7).
                                            4.71a (table II) (row   3.350(d)(2)..........  5.328(c)
                                             7 column 7).
                                            4.71a Note to table II  3.350(b);              5.324; 5.330(d);
                                                                     3.350(e)(2);           5.331(d); 5.331(e);
                                                                     3.350(f)(3);           5.331(f)
                                                                     3.350(f)(4);
                                                                     3.350(f)(5).

[[Page 71047]]

 
                                            4.73 Note.............  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.73 Note after (the    3.350(a)(3)..........  5.323(d)(1);
                                             pelvic girdle and                              5.323(d)(2)
                                             thigh).
                                            4.73 Note after 5327    3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (miscellaneous).
                                            4.73 Note after 5329    3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (miscellaneous).
                                            4.75(c)...............  3.383(a).............  5.383(b)
                                            4.75(f)...............  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.79 Note after 6014..  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.79 footnote 1 after   3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                             (diseases of the eye).                         5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.79 footnote 1 after   3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                             (ratings for                                   5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                             impairment of visual                           5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                             fields).                                       5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.85(f)...............  3.383................  5.283
                                            4.85(g)...............  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.87 Note after (6208)  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.88b Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (6301).
                                            4.88b Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (6302).
                                            4.96(c)...............  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.97 Note after (6731)  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.97 Note after (6819)  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            4.97 footnote 1.......  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.104 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7011).
                                            4.104 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7016).
                                            4.104 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7019).
                                            4.104 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7110).
                                            4.104 Note 3 after      3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7111).

[[Page 71048]]

 
                                            4.104 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7123).
                                            4.114 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7343).
                                            4.114 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7351).
                                            4.115b Note...........  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.115b Note after       3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7528).
                                            4.115b Note after       3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7531).
                                            4.115b footnote 1.....  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.116 Note2...........  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.116 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7627).
                                            4.116 footnote 1......  3.350................  5.323; 5.322; 5.324;
                                                                                            5.325; 5.326; 5.327;
                                                                                            5.328; 5.329; 5.330;
                                                                                            5.331(c); 5.331(d);
                                                                                            5.331(f); 5.332;
                                                                                            5.333;
                                                                                            5.346(b)(1)(i);
                                                                                            5.346(b)(2);
                                            4.117 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7702).
                                            4.117 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7703).
                                            4.117 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7709).
                                            4.117 Note after        3.321(b)(1)..........  5.280
                                             (7714).
                                            4.117 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7715).
                                            4.117 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7716).
                                            4.118 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7818).
                                            4.118 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7833).
                                            4.119 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7914).
                                            4.119 Note after        3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                             (7919).
                                            4.12a Note(5) after     3.114................  5.152
                                             (8045).
                                            4.127.................  3.310(a).............  5.246
                                            4.128.................  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
14...........  Legal Services, General      14.636(c).............  3.156................  5.3(b)(6); 5.55;
                Counsel, and Miscellaneous                                                  5.153; 5.165
                Claims.
                                            14.636(h)(1)(iii).....  3.750................  5.745
17...........  Medical....................  17.36(b)(7)...........  3.271; 3.272; 3.273;   5.370; 5.410(a);
                                                                     3.276.                 5.410(c); 5.410(d);
                                                                                            5.410(e); 5.410(f);
                                                                                            5.412; 5.413;
                                                                                            5.414(a); 5.414(c);
                                                                                            5.421; 5.423(a);
                                                                                            5.423(b); 5.423(e);
                                                                                            5.706(b); 5.707(c)
                                            17.39(a)..............  3.42(c)..............  5.613
                                            17.39(b)..............  3.42(c)..............  5.613
                                            17.47(d)(4)...........  3.271; 3.272.........  5.370; 5.410(a);
                                                                                            5.410(c); 5.410(d);
                                                                                            5.410(e); 5.410(f);
                                                                                            5.411(a); 5.411(c);
                                                                                            5.412; 5.413;
                                                                                            5.706(b); 5.707(c)
                                            17.47(d)(5)...........  3.275................  5.410(d); 5.411(b),
                                                                                            5.411(c), 5.412(a);
                                                                                            5.414; 5.706(b);

[[Page 71049]]

 
                                            17.96(a)(1)...........  3.1(u);3.1(w)........  5.1 (Improved
                                                                                            Pension);
                                                                                           5.1 (Section 306
                                                                                            Pension); 5.460
                                            17.900................  3.814(c)(2);           5.589; 5.590
                                                                     3.815(c)(2).
                                            17.900................  3.815(c)(3)..........  5.590
                                            17.900................  3.814(c)(1);           5.589; 5.590
                                                                     3.815(c);
                                                                     3.815(c)(1).
                                            17.901(a).............  3.814; 3.815.........  5.589; 5.590; 5.591
                                            17.901(b).............  3.815; 3.815(a)(2)...  5.590
                                            17.903(a)(2)(i).......  3.814................  5.589; 5.591
                                            17.903(a)(2)(ii)......  3.815................  5.590; 5.591
18...........  Nondiscrimination in         Appendix B to Subpart   3.57.................  5.1 (Custody of a
                Federally Assisted           E of part 18                                   child); 5.417;
                Programs of the Department   (Veterans' Benefits)                           5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                of Veterans Affairs-         (Adjudication).                                5.226; 5.435;
                Effectuation of Title VI                                                    5.695(a)
                of the Civil Rights Act of
                1964.
                                            Appendix B to Subpart   3.57; 3.807(d).......  5.1 (Custody of a
                                             E of part 18                                   child); 5.417;
                                             (Survivors' and                                5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                             Dependents'                                    5.226; 5.435;
                                             Educational                                    5.695(a)
                                             Assistance)
                                             (Adjudication).
                                            Appendix B to Subpart   3.807(d).              .....................
                                             E of part 18
                                             (Survivors' and
                                             Dependents'
                                             Educational
                                             Assistance)
                                             (Adjudication)
                                             (Survivors' and
                                             Dependent's
                                             Educational
                                             Assistance Under 38
                                             U.S.C. Chapter 35).
                                            Appendix B to Subpart   3.50; 3.57; 3.59.....  5.1 (Custody of a
                                             E of part 18                                   child); 5.201(a);
                                             (Veterans'                                     5.203(b); 5.220;
                                             Educational                                    5.223; 5.225; 5.226;
                                             Assistance).                                   5.238; 5.417; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)
20...........  Board of Veterans' Appeals:  20.101(a)(28).........  3.812(d).............  5.588
                Rules of Practice.
                                            20.1502(c)(3).........  3.156................  5.3(b)(6); 5.55;
                                                                                            5.153; 5.165
                                            20.1502(c)(4).........  3.105................  5.162
                                            20.1503(d)............  3.159(b)(1)..........  5.90
                                            20.1504(b)............  3.159(c).............  5.90
                                            20.1505...............  3.2600...............  5.161
                                            20.1507(a)............  3.103(c); 3.2600(c)..  5.82; 5.161
                                            20.1507(a)(2).........  3.2600...............  5.161
                                            Appendix A to part 20   3.103................  5.4(a); 5.4(b); 5.80;
                                             (20.1).                                        5.81; 5.82; 5.83;
                                                                                            5.84
                                            Appendix A to part 20   3.156; 3.160.........  5.3(b)(6); 5.55;
                                             (20.1105).                                     5.153; 5.165;
                                                                                            5.57(b)-(d)
                                            Appendix A to part 20   3.22.................  5.520(b); 5.521;
                                             (20.1106).                                     5.522
                                            Appendix A to part 20   3.103; 3.156; 3.160..  5.3(b)(6); 5.4(a);
                                             (20.1304).                                     5.4(b); 5.55; 5.80;
                                                                                            5.81; 5.82; 5.83;
                                                                                            5.84; 5.153; 5.165;
                                                                                            5.57(b)-(d)
21...........  Vocational Rehabilitation    21.33 Cross-Reference.  3.103................  5.4(a); 5.4(b); 5.80;
                and Education.                                                              5.81; 5.82; 5.83;
                                                                                            5.84
                                            21.42(b)(1)...........  3.12.................  5.30; 5.31(c);
                                                                                            5.31(e); 5.32; 5.33;
                                                                                            5.34(c); 5.35(b)-
                                                                                            (d); 5.36; 5.39
                                            21.48(a)..............  3.105(d); 3.105(e)...  5.83(a)
                                                                                           5.175(b)(1);
                                                                                            5.175(b)(2);
                                                                                            5.177(d); 5.177(f)
                                            21.260(d).............  3.50; 3.51; 3.57;      5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                     3.59.                  child); 5.201(a);
                                                                                            5.203(b); 5.220;
                                                                                            5.223; 5.225; 5.226;
                                                                                            5.238; 5.417; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)
                                            21.330(a).............  3.451; 3.458.........  5.771; 5.775
                                            21.330(b).............  3.400(e).............  5.782
                                            21.414(a).............  3.105(a).............  5.162(c); 5.162(f)

[[Page 71050]]

 
                                            21.414(b).............  3.105(b).............  5.163
                                            21.414(c).............  3.105(c).............  5.177(e)
                                            21.414(d).............  3.105(d).............  5.177(d)
                                            21.414(e).............  3.105(e).............  5.177(f)
                                            21.422(d)(3)..........  3.103(c); 3.103(d)...  5.81; 5.82
                                            21.3021(a)(2)(ii).....  3.6(a); 3.807........  5.21(a); 5.586(b);
                                                                                            5.586(c)
                                            21.3021(b)............  3.40(b); 3.40(c);      5.610
                                                                     3.40(d); 3.807(d).
                                            21.3021 Cross-          3.6..................  5.21(a); 5.22(a);
                                             Reference.                                     5.23; 5.24; 5.25;
                                                                                            5.29
                                            21.3021 Cross-          3.7..................  5.21(a); 5.23(a)-(b);
                                             Reference (persons                             5.24(a); 5.25(a)-
                                             included).                                     (b); 5.28; 5.31(c)
                                            21.3021 Cross-          3.40.................  5.610
                                             Reference (Philippine
                                             and insular forces).
                                            21.3023 Cross-          3.707................  5.764(b); 5.764(c);
                                             Reference (concurrent                          5.764(d)
                                             payments).
                                            21.3023 Cross-          3.807................  5.586(b); 5.586(c)
                                             Reference
                                             (certification).
                                            21.3024 Cross-          3.708................  5.750; 5.751
                                             Reference.
                                            21.3041(e)............  3.57(c)..............  5.223(b)
                                            21.3131(d)............  3.40(b); 3.40(c);      5.610
                                                                     3.40(d).
                                            21.3133(c)............  3.1000...............  5.1 (Accrued
                                                                                            benefits); 5.1
                                                                                            (Evidence in the
                                                                                            file on the date of
                                                                                            death); 5.551;
                                                                                            5.784; 5.552(a);
                                                                                            5.552(b); 5.553;
                                                                                            5.554
                                            21.3306(b)(3)(ii).....  3.102................  5.3(b)(2); 5.3(b)(3);
                                                                                            5.3(b)(5); 5.4(b);
                                                                                            5.249(a)
                                            21.3333(c)............  3.40(b); 3.40(c);      5.610
                                                                     3.40(d).
                                            21.4003(a)............  3.105(a).............  5.162(c); 5.162(f)
                                            21.4003(b)............  3.105(b).............  5.163
                                            21.4003(c)............  3.105(c).............  5.177(e)
                                            21.4003(d)............  3.105(d).............  5.177(d)
                                            21.4007...............  3.900; 3.901(except    5.675(a); 5.676(b)
                                                                     paragraph (c));        and (c); 5.677(b)
                                                                     3.902 (except          and (c);
                                                                     paragraph (c));        5.678(b)(3);
                                                                     3.903;3.904; 3.905.    5.675(b); 5.1 (Fraud
                                                                                            (1)); 5.676(a);
                                                                                            5.676(b)(2);
                                                                                            5.676(b)(1);
                                                                                            5.676(b)(3)(i);
                                                                                            5.680(c)(1);
                                                                                            5.680(c)(2); 5.677;
                                                                                            5.678; 5.676(d);
                                                                                            5.677(b)(3)(ii);
                                                                                            5.677(c)(2);
                                                                                            5.678(b)(3)(iv);
                                                                                            5.678(c)(2); 5.679;
                                                                                            5.680(a);
                                                                                            5.680(c)(3)
                                            21.4135(t)............  3.114(b).............  5.152
                                            21.4200(x)............  3.1(i)...............  5.1 (State)
                                            21.5021(b)(5).........  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
                                            21.5021(l)............  3.1(j)...............  5.191
                                            21.5021(m)............  3.1(j); 3.52.........  5.191; 5.200(a);
                                                                                            5.200(b)
                                            21.5021(n)(2).........  3.57; 3.58...........  5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                                            child); 5.417;
                                                                                            5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                                                                            5.226; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a); 5.224(a)
                                            21.5021(o)............  3.59.................  5.238
                                            21.5040(b)(2)(ii).....  3.13(c)..............  5.37(d)
                                            21.5040(b)(3).........  3.12; 3.13...........  5.30; 5.31(c);
                                                                                            5.31(e); 5.32; 5.33;
                                                                                            5.34(c); 5.35(b)-
                                                                                            (d); 5.36; 5.39;
                                                                                            5.37(b); 5.37(c);
                                                                                            5.37(d)
                                            21.5040(c)(3).........  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
                                            21.5040(d)(1)(ii).....  3.4(b)...............  5.24(a); 5.24(b)
                                            21.5040(d)(3).........  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
                                            21.5065(b)(5)(iv).....  3.4(b)...............  5.24(a); 5.24(b)

[[Page 71051]]

 
                                            21.5065(b)(6).........  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
                                            21.5067(c)............  3.1000...............  5.1 (Accrued
                                                                                            benefits); 5.1
                                                                                            (Evidence in the
                                                                                            file on the date of
                                                                                            death); 5.551;
                                                                                            5.784; 5.552(a);
                                                                                            5.552(b); 5.553;
                                                                                            5.554
                                            21.5740(b)(2)(iii)....  3.4(b)...............  5.24(a); 5.24(b)
                                            21.5740(b)(3).........  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
                                            21.5742(a)(1).........  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
21...........  VR&E.......................  21.6050(a)............  3.342................  5.380; 5.347
                                            21.6050(b)............  3.342................  5.380; 5.347
                                            21.6420(d)............  3.343................  5.286; 5.347
                                            21.6501(a)............  3.340; 3.341.........  5.284; 5.285
                                            21.6503(b)............  3.340; 3.341.........  5.284; 5.285
                                            21.6507(a)............  3.343(c)(2)..........  5.286
                                            21.6521(b)............  3.343(c)(2)..........  5.286
                                            21.7020(b)(1)(iii)....  3.6(b)...............  5.22(a); 5.22(b);
                                                                                            5.23(a)(1);
                                                                                            5.23(b)(1); 5.24(a);
                                                                                            5.24(b)(1); 5.25(a);
                                                                                            5.29(a)
                                            21.7020(b)(1)(iv).....  3.6(b)...............  5.22(a); 5.22(b);
                                                                                            5.23(a)(1);
                                                                                            5.23(b)(1); 5.24(a);
                                                                                            5.24(b)(1); 5.25(a);
                                                                                            5.29(a)
                                            21.7020(b)(9)(ii).....  3.57.................  5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                                            child); 5.417;
                                                                                            5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                                                                            5.226; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)
                                            21.7020(b)(9)(iii)....  3.59.................  5.238(a); 5.238(c);
                                                                                            5.238(e)(1) and
                                                                                            5.238(e)(2)(i)
                                            21.7042...............  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
                                            21.7044...............  3.15.................  5.21(b); 5.39(e)
                                            21.7080(c)(3).........  3.57.................  5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                                            child); 5.417;
                                                                                            5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                                                                            5.226; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)
                                            21.7080(c)(4).........  3.57.................  5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                                            child); 5.417;
                                                                                            5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                                                                            5.226; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)
                                            21.7031(e) Cross-       3.667................  5.551(a); 5.695(b);
                                             Reference.                                     5.695(c); 5.695(d);
                                                                                            5.695(f)-(i)
                                            21.7135(y)............  3.114(b).............  5.152
                                            21.7140(g)............  3.1000...............  5.1 (Accrued
                                                                                            benefits); 5.1
                                                                                            (Evidence in the
                                                                                            file on the date of
                                                                                            death); 5.551;
                                                                                            5.784; 5.552(a);
                                                                                            5.552(b); 5.553;
                                                                                            5.554
                                            21.7280(b)(2).........  3.312................  5.504
                                            21.7303(a)............  3.105(a).............  5.162(c); 5.162(f)
                                            21.7303(b)............  3.105(b).............  5.163
                                            21.7635(u)............  3.114(b).............  5.152
                                            21.7803(a)............  3.105(a).............  5.162(c); 5.162(f)
                                            21.7803(b)............  3.105(b).............  5.163
                                            21.8010(a)............  3.815(c)(3)..........  5.590
                                            21.8010(a)............  3.814(c)(2);           5.589; 5.590
                                                                     3.815(a)(2);
                                                                     3.815(c)(2).
                                            21.8010(a)............  3.814(c)(3)..........  5.589
                                            21.8010(a)............  3.814(c)(1);           5.589; 5.590
                                                                     3.815(c)(1).
                                            21.9570(b)(3).........  3.57.................  5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                                            child); 5.417;
                                                                                            5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                                                                            5.226; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)
                                            21.9570(b)(4).........  3.57.................  5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                                            child); 5.417;
                                                                                            5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                                                                            5.226; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)

[[Page 71052]]

 
                                            21.9625(j)(4).........  3.57.................  5.1 (Custody of a
                                                                                            child); 5.417;
                                                                                            5.220; 5.223; 5.225;
                                                                                            5.226; 5.435;
                                                                                            5.695(a)
                                            21.9635(u)............  3.114(b).............  5.152
                                            21.9680(e)............  3.1000...............  5.1 (Accrued
                                                                                            benefits); 5.1
                                                                                            (Evidence in the
                                                                                            file on the date of
                                                                                            death); 5.551;
                                                                                            5.784; 5.552(a);
                                                                                            5.552(b); 5.553;
                                                                                            5.554
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Changes in Terminology for Clarity or Consistency

    We propose changes in terminology in this rulemaking primarily to 
achieve consistency throughout part 5. For example, while reviewing the 
NPRMs, we noted that we had used the word ``termination'' 
interchangeably with the word ``discontinuance'' (including variations 
of the two words). To ensure clarity and consistency in our part 5 
regulations, we propose to use the term ``discontinuance'' throughout. 
The word ``discontinuance'' is more accurate because there are 
occasions when the benefit is not terminated, but discontinued for a 
period, and then resumed. Similarly, we propose to use ``person'' 
rather than ``individual'' in all instances where either term would 
apply.
    According to paragraph 12.9 of the Government Printing Office Style 
Manual (2008), numerals rather than words are used when referring to 
units of measurement and time. Therefore, we propose to substitute the 
number for the word (for example, ``1 year'' instead of ``one year'') 
throughout part 5.
    Another source of ambiguity and confusion is the phrase ``on or 
after'' which is used in connection with a specific date when 
discussing the effective date of a regulatory provision or the date by 
which an event must have occurred. For example, a regulatory provision 
might be effective ``on or after'' October 1, 1982, which to some may 
seem to permit a choice between ``on'' or ``after''. The simplest way 
to eliminate this ambiguity is to identify the day before the effective 
date and precede that date with the word ``after''. In the above 
example, the regulatory provision would be effective ``after September 
30, 1982''. This method of stating effective dates makes our 
regulations easier to understand and apply.
    We noted that in the NPRMs we used ``VA benefits'' and ``benefits'' 
inconsistently and interchangeably. We propose to define ``Benefit'' as 
``any VA payment, service, commodity, function, or status, entitlement 
to which is determined under this part, except as otherwise provided.'' 
Therefore, we propose to generally not include ``VA'' before 
``benefit''. However, we propose to still use ``VA benefit'' when that 
term is needed to distinguish it from some other benefit such as a 
Social Security benefit or some benefit for which election is required 
(e.g. Radiation Exposure Compensation Act).

Removal of Death Compensation Provisions

    There are less than 300 beneficiaries currently receiving death 
compensation. Except for one small group of beneficiaries, death 
compensation is payable only if the veteran died prior to January 1, 
1957. VA has not received a claim for death compensation in over 10 
years and we do not expect to receive any more.
    Because of the small number of beneficiaries of death compensation, 
there is no need to include the provisions concerning claims for death 
compensation in part 5. We therefore propose to remove the death 
compensation provisions (Sec. Sec.  5.560-5.562) that were initially 
proposed in AL71. 69 FR 59072, Oct. 1, 2004. We propose to reserve 
Sec. Sec.  5.560-5.562 for later use. We propose to revise Sec.  5.0 
(the scope provision for part 5), as initially proposed in AL87, 71 FR 
16464, Mar. 31, 2006, to direct that any new claims for death 
compensation or actions concerning death compensation benefits be 
adjudicated under part 3. We propose to retain provisions regarding 
death compensation in subpart L because a death compensation 
beneficiary may still elect to receive dependency and indemnity 
compensation instead.

Removal of Spanish-American War Death Pension Provisions

    There is currently one beneficiary receiving a Spanish-American War 
death pension. Therefore, the provisions concerning Spanish-American 
War death pensions should not be carried forward to part 5. Instead, we 
propose to remove the Spanish-American War death pension provisions 
initially proposed in AL83 (Sec. Sec.  5.460(c) and 5.462). 69 FR 
77578, Dec. 27, 2004. We propose to reserve Sec.  5.462 for later use. 
In addition, we propose to change initially proposed Sec.  5.0 (the 
scope provision for part 5) as proposed in AL87, 71 FR 16464, Mar. 31, 
2006, to direct that any new claims or actions concerning Spanish-
American War death pension benefits be adjudicated under part 3.

Change in Titles of Certain VA Officials

    Effective April 11, 2011, VA reorganized its Compensation and 
Pension Service by dividing it into several smaller entities, including 
the Compensation Service and the Pension and Fiduciary Service. We 
propose to update these terms throughout part 5.

VI. Subpart A: General Provisions AL87

    In a document published in the Federal Register on March 31, 2006, 
we proposed to revise Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) regulations 
concerning general compensation and pension provisions. See 71 FR 
16464. We provided a 60-day comment period that ended May 30, 2006. We 
received submissions from seven commenters: Paralyzed Veterans of 
America, Disabled American Veterans, Disabled American Veterans Chapter 
57, Vietnam Veterans of America, National Organization of Veterans' 
Advocates, and two members of the general public.

[[Page 71053]]

Sec.  5.0 Scope and Applicability

    In the NPRM, we identified proposed Sec.  5.0 as a new regulation 
in the derivation table. 71 FR 16465-16466, Mar. 31, 2006. However, 
initially proposed Sec.  5.0 is derived from Sec.  3.2100, which 
governs the applicability of rules in one subpart of 38 CFR part 3. 
Section 5.0(a) states a similar applicability provision for all of part 
5, with only minor revisions to conform it to the part 5 formatting and 
numbering. The derivation and distribution tables are corrected 
accordingly.
    To provide a smooth transition from part 3 to part 5 we propose to 
add a new paragraph (b) to initially proposed Sec.  5.0 establishing 
the applicability date for part 5. We propose two rules to govern the 
applicability date of part 5, and two rules to state the different 
situations in which part 3 would still apply. These rules would make it 
clear that part 5 will apply prospectively, but not retroactively.
    To have part 5 apply immediately to all pending cases would require 
readjudication of thousands of claims (e.g. those where a decision has 
been rendered by the agency of original jurisdiction and the appeal 
period has not expired), which would significantly delay processing new 
claims being filed with VA. We believe that our proposed applicability 
structure will be the most efficient way to transition from part 3 to 
part 5 and is clear both to VA employees and to the members of the 
public who use VA regulations.
    We propose to have part 3 continue to apply to all death 
compensation and Spanish-American War benefits. As explained in detail 
later in this preamble, these two benefit programs have very limited 
numbers of beneficiaries or potential claimants, and these claims can 
continue to be processed under part 3, so there is no need to include 
them in part 5.
    To ensure that users of part 3 are aware of part 5's applicability, 
we propose to add a new Sec.  3.0 to 38 CFR part 3. This section will 
be titled Scope and applicability and will state that part 5, not part 
3, will apply to claims filed on or after the effective date of the 
final rule.
    We note that part 5 is not a ``liberalizing VA issue approved by 
the Secretary or at the Secretary's direction'' under Sec.  5.152 with 
regard to a claim that was filed while part 3 was still in effect for 
new claims. That is because part 5 does not apply to a claim that was 
filed while part 3 was still in effect for new claims. Therefore, part 
5 cannot be liberalizing with respect to such a claim.

Sec.  5.1 General Definitions

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.1, included the following definition of 
the term ``agency of original jurisdiction'': ``Agency of original 
jurisdiction means the VA activity that is responsible for making the 
initial determination on an issue affecting a claimant's or 
beneficiary's right to benefits.'' In the preamble to the AL87 NPRM, we 
noted that this definition differed somewhat from a definition of the 
same term in 38 CFR 20.3(a), which reads as follows: ``Agency of 
original jurisdiction means the Department of Veterans Affairs activity 
or administration, that is, the Veterans Benefits Administration, 
Veterans Health Administration, or National Cemetery Administration, 
that made the initial determination on a claim.'' We stated that, ``The 
difference is because of the narrower scope of part 5 and because the 
definitions in Sec.  20.3 apply in an appellate context while the 
definitions in proposed Sec.  5.1 do not.''
    Notwithstanding our initially proposed reason for creating a 
different definition, we have determined that it is unnecessary because 
the Sec.  20.3(a) definition will work well in part 5. Moreover, having 
two different definitions, even if the two are substantially the same, 
could cause a reader to mistakenly believe that VA intends to define 
``agency of original jurisdiction'' differently depending on whether a 
case is pending at a VA regional office or at the Board of Veterans' 
Appeals (the Board). We therefore propose to replace the definition 
from the AL87 NPRM with the Sec.  20.3(a) definition.
    In response to RIN 2900-AM05, ``Matters Affecting Receipt of 
Benefits'', we received several comments on our proposed definitions of 
``willful misconduct'', ``proximately caused'', and ``drugs''. 71 FR 
31056, May 31, 2006. Because these terms apply to several different 
subparts in part 5, we propose to move them to Sec.  5.1 and will 
therefore discuss these comments in connection with Sec.  5.1 below.
    In proposed rulemaking RIN 2900-AM16, VA Benefit Claims, we 
initially proposed definitions of ``application'' and ``claim'', to be 
added to Sec.  5.1, ``General definitions''. 73 FR 20138, Apr. 14, 
2008. In that rulemaking, we proposed that, ``Application means a 
specific form required by the Secretary that a claimant must file to 
apply for a benefit'' and ``Claim means a formal or informal 
communication in writing requesting a determination of entitlement, or 
evidencing a belief in entitlement, to a benefit.''
    In responding to this comment, we determined that we had used the 
terms ``file'' and ``submit'' interchangeably in the NPRMs. We note 
that other provisions in title 38 use ``submit'' or variants thereof 
with respect to the presentation of evidence. See proposed 38 current 
38 CFR 3.103(b)(2), 3.203(c), and 20.1304. We note also that there is a 
reasonable basis for using ``file'' in relation to documents initiating 
claims and appeals and ``submit'' in relation to presentation of 
evidence: it appears that Congress has used the term ``file'' only in 
relation to documents that have procedural significance in terms of 
initiating claims or appeals. See 38 U.S.C. 5101(a), 7105(b), (c), and 
(d)(3). In referring to the presentation of evidence, Congress has used 
a variety of other terms, such as ``submit[ ]'' (38 U.S.C. 108(b)), 
``furnish'' (sec. 5101(c)), ``provide[ ]'' (sec. 5103), or ``present[ 
]'' (sec. 5108). Further, it is possible that ``file'' may suggest a 
requirement for a written submission--which is appropriate for claims, 
notices of disagreement, and substantive appeals--whereas ``submit'' 
would include oral presentation of evidence at a hearing. For these 
reasons, we propose throughout part 5 to use ``file'' in relation to 
documents initiating claims and appeals and ``submit'' in relation to 
presentation of evidence.
    One commenter commented on our initially proposed definition of 
``claimant,'' which stated that, ``any person applying for, or filing a 
claim for, any benefit under the laws administered by VA'', noting that 
the term ``claim'' has a different meaning than ``application''. The 
commenter noted that a claim does not end with the disposition of the 
application and that there may be subsequent administrative actions in 
a claim which were not initiated by any application and action by the 
claimant. The commenter did not address the substance of our 
definitions nor did the commenter suggest any revisions. For the 
reasons set forth in the preamble to proposed AM16, our definitions of 
``application'' and ``claim'' reflect the distinctions described by the 
commenter. We therefore propose to make no changes based on the 
comment.
    One commenter objected to the scope of our definition of 
``claimant'', noting that Congress, in 38 U.S.C. 5100, restricted the 
definition of ``claimant'' to 38 U.S.C. chapter 51. The commenter 
asserted that VA should restrict its definition to 38 CFR part 5. The 
commenter then noted that 38 U.S.C. 7111 also uses the word 
``claimant'' in connection with a review of a Board decision on grounds 
of clear and

[[Page 71054]]

unmistakable error. The commenter asserted that, in 38 U.S.C. 7111, the 
person whose file is under review is not a claimant.
    The first phrase of Sec.  5.1 states that, ``The following 
definitions apply to this part''. Although other parts of 38 CFR may 
adopt the definitions used in part 5 by expressly stating so, the 
definitions we provided in Sec.  5.1 are restricted by this phrase to 
use in part 5 unless adopted in other parts. The situation described by 
the commenter (concerning the person whose file is being reviewed by 
the Board) is not related to this rule because it concerns 38 CFR part 
20. As stated above, the regulation as initially proposed already 
restricts the application of the definition of claimant to part 5.
    Based on this comment, however, we propose to narrow the definition 
of ``claimant'' to ``a person applying for, or filing a claim for, any 
benefit under this part.'' Because Sec.  5.1 applies only to part 5, it 
is beyond the scope of this section to include as a part 5 claimant a 
person who is seeking VA benefits under another part of title 38 CFR, 
such as health care. For the same reason, we propose to make similar 
changes to our definitions of ``claim'', ``beneficiary'', and 
``benefit''.
    We propose to add the definition of ``custody of a child,'' which 
means that a person or institution is legally responsible for the 
welfare of a child and has the legal right to exercise parental control 
over the child. Such a person or institution is the ``custodian'' of 
the child. This definition is consistent with the definition of ``child 
custody'' in 38 CFR 3.57(d) and with current VA practice and usage in 
38 CFR part 3.
    In AM05, Sec.  5.661(a)(3), we initially proposed to define the 
term ``drugs'' as ``prescription or non-prescription medications and 
other substances (e.g., glue or paint), whether obtained legally or 
illegally.'' The definition is now proposed in Sec.  5.1. A commenter 
suggested an amendment to this definition. The commenter asserted that 
the definition should include the word ``chemical'' because in the 
commenter's view, ``chemical'' abuse also causes euphoria and 
``chemicals'' are widely abused. Our initially proposed definition used 
the term ``other substances'' to describe the chemicals discussed by 
the commenter. We intended our definition to include organic 
substances, such as hallucinogenic mushrooms, and all other substances 
that may be abused to cause intoxication.
    In reviewing this comment, we determined that the ``other 
substances'' language of our definition may have been overly broad. For 
instance, it might be misconstrued to include any substance, for 
example, water. In order to avoid this potential misinterpretation, we 
propose to modify our basic definition of drugs to read as follows: 
``chemical substances that affect the processes of the mind or body and 
that may cause intoxication or harmful effects if abused.'' The 
language about affecting the mind or body is taken from ``Dorland's 
Illustrated Med. Dictionary'' 575 (31st ed. 2007). We propose to add 
the language about intoxication or harmful effects to ensure that we 
exclude items which technically are chemical substances that might 
affect the mind or body (for example, commercially prepared prune 
juice), but do not cause intoxication or harmful effects. We propose to 
add a second sentence to incorporate important concepts already stated 
in the initially proposed definition: that our definition includes 
prescription and non-prescription drugs and includes drugs that are 
obtained legally or illegally.
    Another AM05 commenter stated that the phrase ``obtained legally or 
illegally'' was unnecessary and contained a negative implication. The 
commenter recommended saying, ``however obtained'' instead. We used the 
phrase ``obtained legally or illegally'' because as we stated in the 
NPRM, this phrase is sufficiently broad to cover all the means of 
obtaining drugs or other substances. We used the phrase ``obtained 
legally or illegally'' to ensure that the regulation makes clear that a 
properly prescribed drug, obtained legally, may be abused such as to 
cause intoxication and thus proximately cause injury, disease, or 
death. We propose to make no changes based on this comment because the 
recommended change would not make clear that the abuse of legally 
obtained drugs is also considered drug abuse constituting willful 
misconduct under Sec.  5.661(c).
    We do propose, however, to change ``and drugs that are obtained 
legally or illegally'' to ``whether obtained legally or illegally.'' 
This makes it clearer that ``legally or illegally'' applies to how 
prescription and non-prescription drugs are obtained. The language 
initially proposed could be misread to mean that there are four 
distinct categories of drugs, prescription, non-prescription, legally 
obtained, and illegally obtained. ``Whether obtained legally or 
illegally'' makes it clear that there are two categories, prescription 
and non-prescription, either of which could be obtained legally or 
illegally.
    We propose to define ``effective the date of the last payment'' as 
paragraph (s) in Sec.  5.1. This term is commonly used in part 3 as 
``effective date of last payment'', but not defined in part 3. In 
certain cases of reduction, suspension, or discontinuance of benefit 
payments, VA adjusts payments effective the date of the last payment of 
benefits. This means that ``VA's action is effective as of the first 
day of a month in which it is possible to suspend, reduce, or 
discontinue a benefit payment without creating an overpayment.'' We are 
adding the word ``the'' before ``date'' and ``last'' for clarity.
    One commenter noted that the definition of ``fraud'' depended on 
where in the regulations it was used. This commenter expressed the 
opinion that the meaning of a word in a statute is presumed to be the 
common law meaning unless Congress has plainly provided otherwise. The 
commenter then expressed the opinion that none of the definitions of 
fraud presented in initially proposed Sec.  5.1 incorporate all the 
common law aspects of fraud, especially the requirement for proof of 
fraudulent intent and the requirement for proof by clear evidence.
    We first note that Congress has specifically defined ``fraud'' in 
38 U.S.C. 6103(a) for purposes of forfeiture of benefits. We 
incorporated that definition in paragraph (1) of our initially proposed 
definition of fraud and then proposed to make it VA's ``general 
definition'' of fraud. In reviewing our definition based on this 
comment, we have determined that there is no need for a general 
definition of fraud, since the term is only used in the context of 
forfeiture. We therefore propose to limit the scope to instances of 
forfeiture.
    Regarding the commenter's assertion regarding common law, we note 
that the five elements of common law fraud are: (1) A material 
misrepresentation by the defendant of a presently existing fact or past 
fact; (2) Knowledge or belief by the defendant of its falsity; (3) An 
intent that the plaintiff rely on the statement; (4) Reasonable 
reliance by the plaintiff; and 5) Resulting damages to the plaintiff. 
See 100 Am. Jur. Proof of Facts 3d section 8. The intent element of the 
common law definition of fraud relates to the defendant's desire for 
the plaintiff's reliance on the statement, while the material 
misrepresentation only requires that the person committing the fraud 
have a knowledge or belief that the statement is false.
    As stated above, our proposed definition of fraud in Sec.  5.1 now 
relates only to forfeiture and is consistent with the applicable 
statute. There is no requirement that our definitions in Sec.  5.1 
conform to the common law definition.

[[Page 71055]]

Veterans benefits and the body of law VA applies are often very 
different from the common law. Moreover, the intent requirement 
described in the third common law element above is contained in Sec.  
5.1 in the language requiring an ``intentional'' misrepresentation or 
failure to disclose pertinent facts ``for purpose of obtaining'' the 
specified objective.
    Although some State jurisdictions require ``clear'' or ``clear and 
convincing'' evidence of fraud in various contexts, the Supreme Court 
has stated that ``Congress has chosen the preponderance standard when 
it has created substantive causes of action for fraud.'' Grogan v. 
Garner, 498 U.S. 279, 288 (1991). Congress should not be presumed to 
have intended a higher standard of proof where it has not specified 
such a standard. See id. at 286; Thomas v. Nicholson, 423 F.3d 1279, 
1284 (Fed. Cir. 2005). The definitions in these rules implement 
statutes that do not specify a higher standard of proof, and our 
general rules for evaluating evidence will suffice in determinations 
concerning fraud. Since we already include an intent element where it 
is appropriate and our standards of proof are appropriate for our 
decisions, we propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    We propose to remove the definitions for ``in the waters adjacent 
to Mexico'' and ``on the borders of Mexico''. Both of these phrases 
applied to determining entitlement to benefits for the Mexican Border 
War. There are no surviving veterans of this war, so the definitions 
are no longer necessary.
    We initially proposed to define ``notice,'' now proposed Sec.  5.1, 
as ``written notice sent to a claimant or beneficiary at his or her 
latest address of record, and to his or her designated representative 
and fiduciary, if any.'' In reviewing this definition to respond to a 
comment, we determined that limiting this definition only to written 
communications could create unintended problems. In Paralyzed Veterans 
of America v. Sec'y of Veterans Affairs, 345 F.3d 1334, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 
2003), the court held that the requirement in 38 U.S.C. 5103A(b)(2) 
that VA ``notify'' a claimant of VA's inability to obtain certain 
evidence may be satisfied by either written or oral notice. The court 
noted that ``[i]t is certainly not unreasonable, in our view, for VA to 
retain the flexibility to provide oral rather than written notice, as 
it is clear that under certain circumstances oral notice might be the 
preferred or more practicable option.'' In addition, there may be other 
situations besides those involving section 5103A(b)(2) where written 
notice is not practicable and that it would not be desirable to limit 
the definition of ``notice'' to only written communications. When a 
specific statute or regulation requires written notice, we propose to 
signify that in part 5 by using the term ``written'' in that specific 
context (e.g., Sec.  5.83(b) based on Sec.  3.103(a) and (b)).
    In addition, we have determined that the use of the defined term as 
part of the definition is not useful to the reader. The term ``notice'' 
is more accurately defined as a ``communication,'' as opposed to a 
``notice.'' We, therefore, propose to define ``notice'' as either:
     A written communication VA sends a claimant or beneficiary 
at his or her latest address of record, and to his or her designated 
representative and fiduciary, if any; or
     An oral communication VA conveys to a claimant or 
beneficiary.
    Additionally, we propose to add the definition of ``payee''. This 
term is used throughout part 5. We propose to define this term in Sec.  
5.1 as a person to whom monetary benefits are payable.
    One AM05 commenter disagreed with our initially proposed definition 
of ``proximately caused''. This commenter also disagreed with including 
a definition of ``proximate cause'' in the regulation, stating that the 
concept has a long history and that for VA to select one definition 
narrows the concept, which may not work in the favor of veterans. The 
commenter also objected to restricting the definition to the second 
definition found in ``Black's Law Dictionary'' 213 (7th Ed. 1999).
    It is necessary to define ``proximately caused'' because it has 
many definitions, as the commenter noted. Moreover, we do not believe 
the concept is well-known by the public. Claimants, beneficiaries, 
veterans' representatives, and VA employees are the primary users of 
regulations. It is important that we choose one definition, to ensure a 
common understanding of our regulations and to ensure that all users 
apply them the same way.
    We selected the second definition of ``proximately caused'' from 
``Black's Law Dictionary'' 234 (7th ed. 1999) (the same definition is 
used in the 8th Edition (2004) and the 9th Edition (2009)), because 
that definition most closely reflects the way VA and the U.S. Court of 
Appeals for Veterans Claims (CAVC) apply the concept. See, for example, 
Forshey v. West, 12 Vet. App. 71, 73-74 (1998) (`` `Proximate cause' is 
defined as `that which, in a natural continuous sequence, unbroken by 
any efficient intervening cause, produces injury, and without which the 
result would not have occurred.' ``Black's Law Dictionary'' 1225 (6th 
ed.1990).''). We chose not to adopt the first definition because it 
deals with liability and the VA system is not a tort-claims system. 
Congress has specified different court procedures for tort actions. We 
therefore propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    We propose to add a definition of ``psychosis'' as Sec.  5.1 
because other part 5 regulations use the term. The definition is based 
on 38 CFR 3.384, which defines it as any of the following disorders 
listed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth 
Edition, Text Revision, of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-
IV-TR):
     Brief Psychotic Disorder;
     Delusional Disorder;
     Psychotic Disorder Due to General Medical Condition;
     Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified;
     Schizoaffective Disorder;
     Schizophrenia;
     Schizophreniform Disorder;
     Shared Psychotic Disorder; and
     Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder.
    We propose to add definitions of the terms ``service-connected'', 
Sec.  5.1, and ``nonservice-connected'' as Sec.  5.1. Both of these 
definitions are identical to those in 38 U.S.C. 101(16) and (17), 
except that we use the term ``active military service'' in lieu of the 
longer term ``active military, naval, or air service''. See 69 FR 4820, 
Jan. 30, 2004.
    We initially proposed a definition of ``service medical records'' 
in Sec.  5.1. We now propose to change the defined term to ``service 
treatment records'', now Sec.  5.1. The Benefits Executive Council, co-
chaired by senior VA and Department of Defense (DoD) officials, 
formally changed the term for a packet of medical records transferred 
from DoD to VA upon a servicemember's release from active duty. 
Specifically, they found that VA, the reserve components, and all of 
the military services, used approximately 20 different phrases for what 
VA referred to as ``service medical records''. They concluded that this 
inconsistent use of terminology was a contributing factor in the 
fragmented processing of medical records. This proposed change would 
implement the Benefits Executive Council's directive.
    We omitted the Canal Zone from the initially proposed definition of 
``State'' in Sec.  5.1, because Sec.  3.1(i) does not include the Canal 
Zone in its definition of ``State''. However, 38 U.S.C. 101(20) defines 
``State'' to include ``For purpose of section 2303 and chapters 34 and 
35 of this title, such term also includes the Canal Zone.'' To correct 
this omission,

[[Page 71056]]

we propose to revise the definition of ``State'' in proposed Sec.  5.1 
to include the Canal Zone ``for purposes of 38 U.S.C. 101(20), and 38 
U.S.C. chapters 34 and 35''.
    We propose to add a definition of ``VA'', as Sec.  5.1, that is 
consistent with current 38 CFR 1.9(b)(1) and 38 U.S.C. 101.
    Regarding our initially proposed definition of ``willful 
misconduct'', an AM05 commenter suggested revising the last sentence of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.661(a)(1) from, ``A mere technical violation 
of police regulations or other ordinances will not by itself constitute 
willful misconduct'', to, ``A mere technical violation of police 
regulations or any local ordinances, including those under police, city 
or county authority, will not by itself constitute willful 
misconduct.'' Another commenter expressed the opinion that the use of 
the word ``other'' before the word ``ordinances'' may be misunderstood 
to refer to a state's general police power to make and enforce laws. We 
propose to clarify the rule based on these comments for the reasons 
discussed below.
    The definition of ``ordinance'' includes city or county authority. 
The word ``ordinance'' is defined as, ``An authoritative law or decree; 
esp., a municipal regulation.'' ``Black's Law Dictionary'' 1208 (9th 
ed. 2009). ``Municipal'' is defined as, ``1. Of or relating to a city, 
town or local government unit. 2. Of or relating to the internal 
government of a state or nation.'' Id. at 1113.
    In most municipalities, the police department establishes 
regulations relating to parking, street usage, and other similar civil 
issues. The use of the phrase ``police regulations'' is intended to 
express the idea that a violation of these types of regulations will 
not be used as the grounds for a finding of willful misconduct. 
Violations of these regulations are ``civil infractions''. An 
``infraction'' is ``[a] violation, usually of a rule or local ordinance 
and usually not punishable by incarceration.'' ``Black's Law 
Dictionary'' 850 (9th ed. 2009). A civil infraction is ``An act or 
omission that, though not a crime, is prohibited by law and is 
punishable.'' Id. Since that term is not readily understood by most of 
the general public, parenthetical explanations following the use of the 
term will clarify the meaning for most people. We propose to revise the 
last sentence of what was initially proposed Sec.  5.661(a) to read, 
``Civil infractions (such as mere technical violation of police 
regulations or other ordinances) will not, by themselves, constitute 
willful misconduct.'' We are proposing to make this change to ensure 
that civil infractions, while prohibited by law, do not by themselves 
deprive an otherwise entitled veteran to benefits. We now propose to 
incorporate this provision into Sec.  5.1.
    The second sentence of initially proposed Sec.  5.661(a)(2) read: 
``For example, injury, disease, or death is proximately caused by 
willful misconduct if the act of willful misconduct results directly in 
injury, disease, or death that would not have occurred without the 
willful misconduct.'' We have determined that this statement is 
unnecessary because Sec.  5.1 already defines ``proximately caused'', 
so we propose to remove the example.
    One commenter expressed the opinion that a VA determination of 
``willful misconduct'' is a quasi-criminal determination. This 
commenter stated that the preponderance of the evidence standard is not 
appropriate in adjudicating a quasi-criminal determination. The 
commenter asserted that the preponderance of the evidence standard of 
proof for willful misconduct determinations was too low because a 
determination of willful misconduct essentially bars a veteran or 
claimant from receiving benefits based on the veteran's service. The 
commenter asserted that this deprived the veteran or claimants claiming 
entitlement based on a veteran's service of procedural due process 
under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The commenter 
expressed the opinion that VA should instead establish the clear and 
convincing evidence standard as the standard of proof in making willful 
misconduct determinations. The commenter noted that the U.S. Supreme 
Court has stated that a principal function of establishing a standard 
of proof is ``to allocate the risk of error between the litigants and 
to indicate the relative importance attached to the ultimate 
decision.'' Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418, 423 (1979).
    The commenter acknowledged that VA had adopted the standard of 
proof articulated by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 
(Federal Circuit) in Thomas, 423 F.3d 1279. The commenter also noted 
that VA has the authority to adopt a different standard notwithstanding 
the standard adopted by the Federal Circuit, as explained by the 
Supreme Court in Nat'l Cable & Telecomms. Ass'n v. Brand X Internet 
Servs., 545 U.S. 967, 969-70 (2005) (finding that an agency could, 
through publication of a regulation, adopt an interpretation of a 
statute that was different than the interpretation of the same statute 
made by a court if the statute was ambiguous and the court's 
interpretation was not the only permissible interpretation of the 
statute).
    The commenter noted that the Federal Circuit found in Thomas that 
the statute did not contain a standard of proof and that VA had not, by 
regulation, imposed a standard of proof. See 423 F.3d at 1283-84. The 
Federal Circuit then found that the Board's and the U.S. Court of 
Appeals for Veterans Claims' decisions to apply the preponderance of 
the evidence standard were supported by their stated reasons and bases. 
Id. at 1284-85. The commenter noted that the Nat'l Cable & Telecomms. 
Ass'n Court found that even if a court has established a standard of 
proof as a gap-filling measure, an agency may still establish a 
different standard of proof to fill gaps in a statute by regulation if 
the agency decides that the court's determination of a standard of 
proof is not in accordance with the agency's policies or does not align 
with the agency's perception of Congressional intent.
    VA does not equate administrative willful misconduct determinations 
with quasi-criminal proceedings and decisions. VA administrative 
procedures for determining entitlement to benefits are non-adversarial 
and pro-claimant, in contrast to criminal proceedings. Attempts to 
categorize the administrative entitlement decisions made by VA as 
quasi-criminal proceedings characterize both the claimants and the VA 
administrative process incorrectly. While the commenter does not fully 
explain what was meant by ``quasi-criminal'' proceedings, we note that 
unlike criminal proceedings, VA has no authority under these 
regulations to fine, imprison, or otherwise impose punishment on a 
claimant. VA administratively decides entitlement to benefits in 
accordance with the duly enacted statutes of Congress. We do not follow 
the procedures used in either criminal or civil courts.
    A decision that a disability was the result of willful misconduct 
only prohibits service connection for the disability or death incurred 
as a result of the willful misconduct. Contrary to the commenter's 
assertion, a veteran or a claimant claiming entitlement based on a 
veteran's service does not lose entitlement to all benefits. A decision 
that willful misconduct caused a disability results in essentially the 
same consequences as a decision that an injury or disease was not 
incurred in service. Service connection for that disability or death is 
not granted. In making a determination that the

[[Page 71057]]

disability was due to willful misconduct, the veteran or a claimant 
claiming entitlement based on a veteran's service is notified of the 
information or evidence needed to substantiate the claim, of the 
decision on the claim, and of their appellate rights.
    Additionally, there is no violation of the Fifth Amendment through 
application of the preponderance of the evidence standard to willful 
misconduct decisions. Since the commenter merely asserted a violation 
of the Fifth Amendment without explaining how the use of any one 
particular standard of proof could violate the due process provision of 
the Fifth Amendment, we are unable to respond more fully to this 
comment and propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    VA does not need to decide if the commenter's reasoning concerning 
adoption of a standard of proof differing from that found by the court 
in Thomas is correct. After reviewing the various standards of proof, 
we have determined that the preponderance of the evidence standard is 
the appropriate standard of proof to prove willful misconduct, except 
as otherwise provided by statute. We provided our reasons for selecting 
this standard of proof in the NPRM that proposed this segment of part 
5. See 71 FR 16470, Mar. 31, 2006. The preponderance of the evidence 
standard provides that if the evidence demonstrates that it is more 
likely than not that a fact is true, the fact will be considered 
proven. This is an appropriate standard to apply to the administrative 
decisions we propose to make in connection with veterans' benefits.
    We propose to move the definitions of ``accrued benefits'', ``claim 
for benefits pending on the date of death'', and ``evidence in the file 
on the date of death'' from Sec.  5.550 to Sec.  5.1. A comment to RIN 
2900-AL71 ``Accrued Benefits and Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of 
a Beneficiary'', raised questions concerning the initially proposed 
definition of ``accrued benefits''. Based on that comment, we made 
technical revisions to clarify the definition, and also made the 
following revisions.
    The last sentence of initially proposed Sec.  5.550(d) (definition 
of ''[c]laim for benefits pending on the date of death'') read, ``[a]ny 
new and material evidence must have been in VA's possession on or 
before the date of the beneficiary's death.'' One commenter, responding 
to RIN 2900-AL71 ``Accrued Benefits and Special Rules Applicable Upon 
Death of a Beneficiary'', suggested that VA should clarify this 
sentence by inserting the phrase ``used to reopen the claim'' between 
the words ``evidence'' and ``must''. The commenter was concerned that 
the proposed language would deter a deceased beneficiary's survivor 
from filing existing additional evidence in support of a claim for 
accrued benefits. However, because a claim for accrued benefits must be 
granted based on evidence in the file on the date of death, such 
additional evidence would not be considered in deciding the claim. 
Nevertheless, to avoid any potential confusion we propose to add 
``submitted to reopen the claim'' between ``evidence'' and ``must''. We 
propose to use ``submitted'' rather than ``used'' because the later 
implies that VA will always find that the evidence was new and 
material.
    We made additional revisions to the definition of ``claim for 
benefits pending on the date of death'' for both readability and 
consistency purposes. One such revision is that we replaced the 
initially proposed term ``finally disallowed claim'' with ``finally 
denied claim'' and reorganized the sentence structure with respect to 
new and material evidence.

Sec.  5.2 Terms and Usage in Part 5 Regulations

    38 CFR part 3 uses both singular and plural nouns to refer to a 
single, regulated person. For example, Sec.  3.750(b)(2) refers to ``a 
veteran with 20 or more years of creditable service'', while Sec.  
3.809(a) refers to ``veterans with wartime service'' (emphasis added). 
This inconsistent usage could confuse readers so we propose to use only 
singular nouns to refer to a particular regulated person. We propose to 
state in previously reserved Sec.  5.2 that a singular noun that refers 
to a person is meant to encompass both the singular and plural of that 
noun. For example, the term ``a surviving child'' would apply not only 
to a single surviving child, but also to multiple surviving children. 
Where a provision is meant to apply only to a group of people (for 
example, the division of benefits between a surviving spouse and 
children), we will indicate this by using a plural noun to refer to the 
regulated group of people. Similarly, we will use a plural noun when 
referring to a specific, identified group of people. See, for example, 
Sec.  5.27, ``Individuals and groups designated by the Secretary of 
Defense as having performed active military service.''

Sec.  5.3 Standards of Proof, and Comments on Definitions of 
Evidentiary Terms

    One commenter suggested that VA should include additional 
definitions in Sec.  5.1. The commenter suggested that ``evidence'' 
should be defined as ``all the means by which any alleged matter of 
fact, the truth of which is submitted to an adjudicator, is established 
or disproved.'' The commenter went on to state that, ``Evidence 
includes the testimony of witnesses, introduction of records, 
documents, exhibits, objects, or any other probative matter offered for 
purpose of inducing a belief in the contention by the fact-finder'' and 
that, ``evidence is the medium of proof''. The commenter opined that 
defining ``evidence'' would assist an unrepresented claimant in 
understanding the term and would inform claimants that some materials 
he or she submitted would not be evidence (such as arguments, 
assertions, and speculations).
    This commenter asserted that after we define ``evidence'', we 
should define ``relevant evidence'' and ``probative evidence'', as 
follows:

Relevant evidence means evidence having any tendency to make the 
existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of 
the matter more probable or less probable than it would be without 
the evidence.

Probative evidence is evidence that tends to prove a particular 
proposition or to persuade a trier of fact as to the truth of an 
allegation.

The commenter asserted that this would enable the claimants to 
understand what evidence should be submitted in order for the claimants 
to succeed with their claims for benefits.
    We propose to make no changes based on these comments. We do not 
believe that there is a significant need to define the referenced 
terms, and there is some risk that such definitions would be 
misinterpreted as limiting the types of items a claimant may file or 
that VA will consider. Except as to claims based on clear and 
unmistakable error, VA is required to consider all material filed. See 
38 U.S.C. 5107(b) (``The Secretary shall consider all information and 
lay and medical evidence of record in a case''). Defining ``evidence'' 
as suggested might discourage claimants from filing arguments or other 
information and statements.
    The dictionary definition of ``evidence'' is ``something that 
furnishes proof.'' ``Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary'' 433 
(11th ed. 2006). VA does not use the word in a manner different from 
this ordinary or natural definition: ``When a word is not defined by 
statute, we normally construe it in accord with its ordinary or natural 
meaning.'' Smith v. United States, 508 U.S. 223, 228 (1993). This 
concept applies equally to regulations. Thus, it is not necessary to 
define words used in a regulation when the words are used in

[[Page 71058]]

accord with their ordinary or natural meaning. The commenter's 
suggested definitions of ``credibility'', ``determination'', 
``material'', ``matter'', ``proof'', and ``testimony'' are likewise not 
needed.
    The suggested definitions of ``relevant evidence'' and ``probative 
evidence'' are also not necessary. As explained below, the definition 
of ``competent evidence'' will be helpful to claimants because VA may 
in individual cases inform the claimant of the need for competent 
medical expert evidence on some issues. However, definitions that 
appear to delineate other categories of evidence, such as ``relevant 
evidence'' and ``probative evidence'' may be confusing to claimants and 
appear to suggest restrictions on the types of evidence claimants may 
file or that VA will consider. It is generally to the claimants' 
advantage to file all information and evidence they have that have 
potential bearing upon the issues in their claim. Introducing 
definitions of ``relevant evidence'' and ``probative evidence'' might 
create confusion and discourage claimants from filing all information 
and evidence that they might otherwise file.
    The same commenter urged VA to adopt a certain definition of the 
term ``probative value of evidence'', namely ``the tendency, if any, of 
the evidence to make any fact of consequence in the determination of 
the matter more or less probable than it would be without the 
evidence.'' However, the commenter did not specifically state why VA 
should adopt a definition of that term, but focused instead on the 
suggestion that VA define the distinct but related term ``probative 
evidence''. For the same reasons that we propose not to define 
``probative evidence'', we propose not to define ``probative value of 
evidence''.
    This commenter also suggested we adopt a definition of the word 
``issue'' as ``a single, certain point of fact or law that is important 
to the resolution of a claim for veterans' benefits.'' The commenter 
noted that this word is used in 38 U.S.C. 5107(b). The commenter opined 
that because Congress used this word in the statute, we must define the 
word. The commenter similarly opined that Sec.  5.3(b), ``Proving a 
fact or issue'', is confusing because we did not define the word 
``issue'' in Sec.  5.1. The commenter suggested that we used the words 
``issue'' and ``fact'' as unrelated concepts. The commenter then 
reasoned that, since the statute did not use the word ``fact'', VA may 
not have authority to include that word in the regulations, noting the 
canon of ``expressio unius est exclusio alterius'' (``to express or 
include one thing implies the exclusion of the other, or of the 
alternative'', ``Black's Law Dictionary'' 661 (9th ed. 2009)).
    The commenter is correct that the word ``issue'' is used in 38 
U.S.C. 5107(b), but the word is also used in other places in title 38, 
often with a different meaning. See, for example, 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(6) 
and 5110(g). The word ``issue'' is used within part 5 with at least 
three different meanings. See, for example, Sec. Sec.  5.82(d), 
5.103(e), 5.133(b), and 5.152. VA's policy is to broadly interpret 38 
U.S.C. 5107(b), such that the benefit of the doubt applies both to the 
ultimate ``issue'' in a case (for example, whether to award benefits) 
but also to individual issues of material fact (for example, whether a 
particular event occurred). Therefore, we propose to revise Sec. Sec.  
5.1 and 5.3 to refer, where appropriate, to both questions of fact and 
the resolution of issues.
    The same commenter urged VA to adopt a definition of the term 
``presumption''. In Sec.  5.260(a) of our proposed rule, ``Presumptions 
of Service Connection for Certain Disabilities, and Related Matters'', 
we clearly described the meaning of the term in the veterans benefits 
context: ``A presumption of service connection establishes a material 
fact (or facts) necessary to establish service connection, even when 
there is no evidence that directly establishes that material fact (or 
facts)''. 69 FR 44624, July 27, 2004. We therefore propose to make no 
changes based on this comment.
    The same commenter urged VA to adopt a definition of ``rebuttal of 
a presumption''. Section 5.3(c), which states, ``A presumption is 
rebutted if the preponderance of evidence is contrary to the presumed 
fact'', in effect defines the term already so we decline to make any 
changes based on this comment.
    The same commenter urged VA to adopt a definition of ``weight of 
[the] evidence'', a term which was used in initially proposed Sec.  
5.3(b)(1) and (3). We agree that such a definition would be helpful to 
readers and we therefore propose to add the following definition in 
Sec.  5.3(b)(1), ``Weight of the evidence, means the persuasiveness of 
some evidence in comparison with other evidence.'' ``Black's Law 
Dictionary'' 1731 (9th ed. 2009). With this addition, initially 
proposed paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) are redesignated as paragraphs 
(b)(2) through (6), respectively.
    One commenter noted that 38 U.S.C. 5107(b) contains the language 
``approximate balance of positive and negative evidence'' and that the 
regulation that VA proposed to adopt to implement section 5107(b) did 
not attempt to give any meaning to the statutory terms ``positive and 
negative evidence''. The commenter asserted that these two statutory 
terms have known ``legal'' meaning and that VA must define ``positive 
evidence'' and ``negative evidence'' in order to give full force and 
effect to section 5107(b).
    We did not define the terms ``positive evidence'' and ``negative 
evidence'' in initially proposed Sec.  5.1 because we did not use those 
terms in initially proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(2), which implements section 
5107(b). Instead, we described ``evidence in support of'' and 
``evidence against'' a matter. This interpretation of the statute is 
consistent with the clear and unambiguous meaning of the statute. See, 
for example, Ferguson v. Principi, 273 F.3d 1072, 1076 (Fed. Cir. 2001) 
(holding that section 5107(b) is ``unambiguous'' and upholding a 
decision not to apply the benefit-of-the-doubt-rule to a case where 
``there was more credible evidence weighing against the claim than 
supporting the claim''). We propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    In Sec.  5.3(a), we propose to revise the first sentence of the 
initially proposed paragraph by adding ``material to deciding a 
claim''. In response to various comments concerning this proposed 
regulation, we noted that while we had adequately stated the general 
standards for proving facts and resolving issues, we had not included 
the reason for proving a fact.
    Also in initially proposed Sec.  5.3(a), ``Applicability'', we 
stated, ``This section states the general standards of proof for 
proving facts and for rebutting presumptions. These standards of proof 
apply unless specifically provided otherwise by statute or a section of 
this part.'' In reviewing the initially proposed paragraph, we have 
decided to clarify that ``a section'' means another section besides 
Sec.  5.3. We therefore propose to change ``a section'' to ``another 
section''.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(1) (now Sec.  5.3(b)(2)) stated, 
``Equipoise means that there is an approximate balance between the 
weight of the evidence in support of and the weight of the evidence 
against a particular finding of fact, such that it is as likely as not 
that the fact is true.'' One commenter objected to the use of the word 
``equipoise'' in Sec.  5.3(b). The commenter noted that this word does 
not appear in 38 U.S.C. 5107(b), ``Claimant responsibility; benefit of 
the doubt''. The commenter expressed the opinion that VA should remove 
this word and its definition and replace the word and definition with 
the exact language used in 38 U.S.C. 5107(b). The commenter

[[Page 71059]]

noted that ``in attempting to define the meaning of the term 
`equipoise', the initially proposed regulation states that equipoise 
means there is an `approximate balance between the weight of the 
evidence in support of and the weight of the evidence against a 
particular finding of fact, such that it is as likely as not that the 
fact is true.' '' The commenter felt that by omitting the word 
``equipoise'' and its definition, VA would avoid confusion and be 
consistent with the governing statute.
    We propose to make no changes based on this comment. It is not 
necessary to use the exact language Congress used in drafting a statute 
in the wording of the regulations we promulgate. The Secretary has been 
directed by Congress to ``prescribe all rules and regulations which are 
necessary or appropriate to carry out the laws administered by the 
Department.'' 38 U.S.C. 501(a). We chose to use the word ``equipoise'' 
because as used and defined in Sec.  5.3, it is a clear and concise 
term and has the same meaning as traditionally applied to the phrase 
used in 38 U.S.C. 5107(b), ``approximate balance of positive and 
negative evidence''. Our use of this word is consistent with the 
governing statute.
    Another commenter asserted that our definition of ``equipoise'' in 
initially proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(1) (now Sec.  5.3 (b)(2)) accurately 
restates the third sentence of Sec.  3.102, but fails to accurately 
restate the second sentence, which emphasizes and makes clear that the 
balances are always to be resolved in favor of the veteran. The same 
commenter felt that the sentence in initially proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(2) 
(now Sec.  5.3(b)(3)) that read, ``However, if the evidence is in 
equipoise and a fact or issue would tend to disprove a claim, the 
matter will not be considered proven'', contradicts the benefit of the 
doubt rule because the rule must ``always be applied in favor of the 
veteran''. We propose to clarify the statement of the benefit of the 
doubt rule by revising the first sentence Sec.  5.3(b)(3) to now state, 
``When the evidence is in equipoise regarding a particular fact or 
issue, VA will give the benefit of the doubt to the claimant and the 
fact or issue will be resolved in the claimant's favor.''
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(1) (now Sec.  
5.3(b)(2)), we have determined that the phrase ``such that it is as 
likely as not that the fact is true'' might cause a reader to 
mistakenly believe that this is an additional requirement for 
triggering the ``reasonable doubt'' doctrine, over and above the 
requirement that there be an ``approximate balance between the weight 
of the evidence in support of and the weight of the evidence against a 
particular finding of fact''. We therefore propose to remove the 
language ``such that . . .'' from this paragraph.
    One commenter urged VA to use the current language of 38 CFR 3.102 
in proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(2). The commenter asserted that the use of the 
term ``equipoise'' in initially proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(2) is adversarial 
and that the proposed rule would ``restrict [veterans'] ability to put 
forth the best evidence and challenge the credibility [of] evidence 
which the VA accepts or denies.''
    As discussed in the preamble to the NPRM, we are not substantively 
changing the provisions in current Sec.  3.102. Instead, we are 
rewording and reorganizing them to make them easier for the reader to 
understand. We disagree that the changes described in the NPRM and in 
this rulemaking make these provisions adversarial, and we therefore 
propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    Although we decline to make the changes to initially proposed Sec.  
5.3(b)(2) (now Sec.  5.3(b)(3)) suggested by the commenter, in 
reviewing the first two sentences of that paragraph, we have determined 
that they can be clarified. Specifically, the initially proposed 
sentences could be misread to imply that evidence can be in equipoise 
regarding an issue and at the same time tend to prove or disprove a 
claim. As stated in 38 CFR 3.102, where the evidence is in equipoise, 
it ``does not satisfactorily prove or disprove the claim''. We 
therefore propose to remove the potentially confusing language 
regarding ``support'' of a claim and ``tend[ing] to disprove a claim'', 
and combined the two sentences into one. The new sentence now reads, 
``When the evidence is in equipoise regarding a particular fact or 
issue, VA will give the benefit of the doubt to the claimant and the 
fact or issue will be resolved in the claimant's favor.''
    One commenter noted that the sentence in initially proposed Sec.  
5.3(b)(3) (now (b)(4)) lacked parallelism. We agree and propose to 
change the wording by adding the words ``the weight of'' before the 
words ``the evidence against it.''
    One commenter objected to the sentence in initially proposed Sec.  
5.3(b)(5) (now Sec.  5.3(b)(6)): ``VA will reopen a claim when the new 
and material evidence merely raises a reasonable possibility of 
substantiating the claim.'' This commenter asserted that the 
``reasonable possibility of substantiating the claim'' portion could be 
read by an adjudicator as requiring sufficient evidence to grant the 
claim. This commenter suggests adding language to ensure that the 
adjudicator does not equate the new and material evidence requirement 
to the evidence requirements needed to grant the claim.
    We disagree that a VA decisionmaker would apply this sentence as 
requiring that the new and material evidence to reopen a claim also be 
sufficient to grant the claim. To the contrary, when read in 
conjunction with initially proposed Sec.  5.3 (b)(2) (now Sec.  5.3 
(b)(3)), ``Benefit of the doubt rule'', this sentence makes it very 
clear that a lower standard of proof is applied for reopening a claim 
than for granting a claim. We therefore propose to make no changes 
based on this comment.
    One commenter objected to the general format of initially proposed 
Sec.  5.3(b)(5) (now Sec.  5.3(b)(6)) because the commenter asserted 
that there was a lack of emphasis on the different standard of proof 
used to determine whether evidence is new and material. The commenter 
asserted that the last sentence of the paragraph should be rewritten 
and moved to the front of the paragraph to add emphasis to the concept 
that the higher standard of proof does not apply when determining if 
the evidence is new and material.
    We agree and we propose to change the sentence to read, ``The 
standards of proof otherwise provided in this section do not apply when 
determining if evidence is new and material, but do apply after the 
claim has been reopened.'' We propose to place this sentence as the 
first sentence of that paragraph, now designated as Sec.  5.3(b)(6), to 
add emphasis to this provision.
    One commenter noted that in Sec.  5.3(c), we stated that, ``A 
presumption is rebutted if the preponderance of evidence is contrary to 
the presumed fact.'' The commenter stated that in 38 U.S.C. 1111, the 
evidence to rebut the presumption of sound condition when accepted and 
enrolled for service is specified as clear and unmistakable evidence, a 
standard higher than a preponderance of evidence. The commenter 
recommended inserting the phrase ``Except as otherwise provided'' at 
the beginning of the section.
    We agree that the standard in Sec.  5.3(c) applies to rebutting 
presumptions unless an applicable statute provides a different 
standard, such as in the example provided by the commenter. However, we 
already provided for the application of different standards in Sec.  
5.3(a) by stating, ``These standards of proof apply unless specifically 
provided otherwise by statute or a section of this part.'' Since the 
regulations already address the point raised by the

[[Page 71060]]

commenter, we propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    Several commenters noted that under 38 U.S.C. 1113(a), a 
presumption can be rebutted only when ``there is affirmative evidence 
to the contrary.'' The commenters stated that the ``affirmative 
evidence'' requirement should be inserted into Sec.  5.3(c). We 
disagree with the commenters. There are many statutes that govern the 
rebuttal of presumptions, see, for example, 38 U.S.C. 1111, 1132, and 
1154(b), but the ``affirmative evidence'' requirement of section 
1113(a) affects only presumptions related to diseases that are covered 
by proposed Sec.  5.260(c). (We note that section 1113 does not affect 
the ALS presumption, which is also covered by Sec.  5.260(c)). Hence, 
the affirmative evidence requirement appears in Sec.  5.260(c), but not 
in the general rule that applies except as provided otherwise.
    We agree with these assertions to the extent that we should retain 
the phrase ``affirmative evidence'' and propose to revise Sec.  
5.260(c)(2) to include the phrase ``affirmative evidence''. We propose 
to revise Sec.  5.260(c)(2), by replacing ``Any evidence . . .'' with 
``Affirmative evidence'' in the beginning of the sentence. We also note 
that 38 U.S.C. 1116(f) requires ``affirmative evidence'' to rebut the 
presumption of exposure to herbicides in the Republic of Vietnam and so 
we now propose to insert that term into Sec.  5.262(d).
    We also propose to revise Sec.  5.3(c) by adding a second sentence 
after the first sentence, that states, ``In rebutting a presumption 
under Sec.  5.260(c)(2), affirmative evidence means evidence supporting 
the existence of certain facts.'' We have chosen this definition 
instead of one of the definitions recommended by the commenters because 
this is consistent with the definition of ``affirmative'' found in 
``Black's Law Dictionary'', 68 (9th ed. 2009).
    In a related matter, comments on both RIN 2900-AL87, ``General 
Provisions'', 71 FR 16464, Mar. 31, 2006, and on RIN 2900-AL70, 
``Presumptions of Service Connection for Certain Disabilities, and 
Related Matters'', 69 FR 44614, July 27, 2004, indicated the need for 
our rules to address the role of ``negative'' evidence, by which we 
mean an absence of evidence. An absence of evidence may be considered 
as evidence in support of, or weighing against, a claim. For example, 
an absence of evidence of signs or symptoms of a particular disability 
prior to service would support a veteran's claim that he incurred the 
disability during service. On the other hand, a lack of symptoms or 
complaints during service may indicate that the veteran was not 
disabled during service. An absence of evidence may also be used to 
rebut a presumption. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 
endorsed this view. Maxson v. Gober, 230 F.3d 1330 (2000) (holding that 
VA may properly consider a veteran's entire medical history, including 
absence of complaints, in determining whether presumption of 
aggravation is rebutted). This evidence is generally one of the weaker 
forms of evidence, but it is nevertheless important to recognize the 
role that it may play in certain cases, particularly where there is 
little evidence to support a claim. Hence, we propose to add Sec.  5.3 
(e), which states, ``VA may consider the weight of an absence of 
evidence in support of, or against, a particular fact or issue.''
    One commenter expressed concern about how a VA decisionmaker would 
read Sec.  5.3(d), ``Quality of evidence to be considered'', in 
conjunction with Sec.  5.1 that defines ``competent lay evidence''. The 
commenter asserted that if he or she determined that the evidence did 
not fit within the definition of competent lay evidence or that lay 
evidence is generally not competent, he or she would be more likely to 
assess the evidence as adverse to the veteran.
    The commenter's assumption is incorrect. Competent lay evidence may 
be neutral or may be favorable to the claimant. Such evidence may also 
be probative, depending on the claim to be adjudicated. We also do not 
agree that a VA decisionmaker would determine that lay evidence was 
generally not competent. We have provided for the determination of what 
makes lay evidence competent in the definition in proposed Sec.  5.1. A 
VA decisionmaker's application of these provisions will lead the 
adjudicator to determine what is competent lay evidence and what is 
not. We propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    In objecting to our initially proposed definitions of ``competent 
expert evidence'' and ``competent lay evidence'', one commenter wrongly 
asserted that there are no such definitions in current VA regulations. 
In fact, as stated in the preamble of RIN 2900-AL87, these definitions 
are based on similar definitions in 38 CFR 3.159(a)(1) and (2).
    The same commenter asserted that defining competent evidence would 
``cause the claims of veterans to be pre-judged by adjudicators and 
foster an adversarial climate in the claims process.'' The commenter 
urged that, ``Rather, all the evidence of record in each case should be 
judged on its own merits, and on the merits of the case as a whole.''
    The commenter did not explain how our definitions of ``competent 
expert evidence'' and ``competent lay evidence'' have the adverse 
effects he predicts, and we disagree that they would have such effects. 
VA has applied substantially similar definitions since 2001. 38 CFR 
3.159(a)(1) and (2); see 66 FR 45630, Aug. 29, 2001. These definitions 
have not caused any such adverse effects, and the changes we are making 
to the definitions in Sec.  5.1 will not either. We therefore propose 
to make no changes based on this comment.
    One commenter expressed concern that by changing the definitions of 
``competent medical evidence'' to ``competent expert evidence'' and 
``competent lay evidence'' we were impermissibly amending Sec.  3.159, 
``Department of Veterans Affairs assistance in developing claims.'' The 
commenter expressed the concern that since these terms were originally 
adopted as part of that regulation, a change in the definitions would 
amend Sec.  3.159 without providing public notice and the opportunity 
for public comment as required by 5 U.S.C. 553.
    The commenter's concerns relate to the removal of part 3 when we 
adopt part 5. This rulemaking will not affect such a removal; nor will 
this rulemaking affect claims currently being adjudicated under part 3. 
The definitions in Sec.  5.1 only apply to part 5, not to part 3. 
Hence, there is no basis for a concern that any action in this 
rulemaking will affect a part 3 rule.
    One commenter opined that the definitions of ``competent expert 
evidence'' and ``competent lay evidence'' should be revised since 
neither definition focused on the relevance of the evidence. The 
commenter also asserted that neither definition correctly described 
``competent expert evidence'' or ``competent lay evidence''. The 
commenter believed that treatises, medical or scientific articles, and 
other writings are not ``competent expert evidence'' because they are 
not based on the author's personal knowledge of the specific facts of 
the veteran's particular case.
    Although we do not agree with the suggestion that treatises, 
medical and scientific articles, and other writings of this type may 
never be ``competent expert evidence'', the commenter raises a valid 
point. Treatises and similar writings may be ``competent'' in the sense 
that they state findings and opinions based on specialized training or 
experience and personal knowledge

[[Page 71061]]

of the facts on which such findings and opinions are based. However, it 
is misleading to equate treatises and similar writings with the types 
of expert evidence ordinarily provided in VA benefit claims. That is 
because medical treatises ordinarily recite facts or opinions derived 
apart from a particular veteran's case and thus are not based on 
personal knowledge of the facts of the veteran's case. The U.S. Court 
of Appeals for Veterans Claims has noted that treatise evidence is 
often too general or speculative to provide significant evidence 
concerning the cause of a particular veteran's disability. See Sacks v. 
West, 11 Vet. App. 314, 316-17 (1998). Citing treatises as an example 
of competent expert evidence may mislead claimants to the belief that 
such treatises are the equivalent of medical opinions based on the 
specific facts of their case. While treatise evidence may in some 
situations be probative of the fact to be proved, and must always be 
considered by VA when presented in a case, we do not consider it 
helpful to cite such writings as representative examples of competent 
expert evidence. Thus, we propose to revise the definition as urged by 
the commenter by removing the reference to treatise evidence in the 
definition of ``competent expert evidence''.
    We propose not to revise the definitions to include a statement 
concerning the relevancy of the evidence. The relevance of the evidence 
depends on the facts in each case and is to be determined on a case-by-
case basis by the VA employee charged with making the decision on the 
claim.
    One commenter urged VA to define ``competent evidence'' in part 5 
as, ``evidence that has any tendency to make the existence of any fact 
that is of consequence to the determination of the matter more probable 
or less probable than it would be without the evidence.''
    This suggested definition is actually more a definition of 
``probative evidence'' than ``competent evidence''. In fact, this same 
commenter urged VA to define ``probative evidence'' as ``evidence that 
tends to prove a particular proposition or to persuade a trier of fact 
as to the truth of an allegation.'' Since the suggested definition of 
competent evidence concerns evidence's probative value rather than its 
competence, we propose to make no changes based on the comment.
    In our initially proposed definition of competent expert evidence, 
we stated, ``Expert evidence is a statement or opinion based on 
scientific, medical, technical, or other specialized knowledge.'' We 
propose to add ``all or in part'' after ``based'' because an expert 
opinion may also be based on the specific facts of a case. An example 
of such an opinion would be a doctor's opinion that general medical 
principles indicate that a particular injury would not likely have been 
aggravated under the facts of a particular case. See Emenaker v. Peake, 
551 F.3d 1332, 1335-37 (Fed. Cir. 2008).
    The initial NPRM to Sec.  5.3 explained why part 5 will not repeat 
the fifth sentence of Sec.  3.102. 71 FR 16464 (Mar. 31, 2006). Section 
5.3 would also not repeat the fourth sentence. It is unnecessary 
because, like the fifth sentence, it confusingly elaborates the idea of 
``approximate balance'' of evidence, which 5.3(b)(2) through (5) do 
well without the confusing language of the fourth or fifth sentences of 
Sec.  3.102.

Sec.  5.4 Claims Adjudication Policies

    One commenter asserted that VA gives too much weight to medical 
exam reports prepared by VA doctors and insufficient weight to medical 
exam reports prepared by a veteran's own doctors. The commenter cited 
the example of VA giving more weight to the report of a VA doctor who 
examined him for less than an hour than to the medical records from his 
treating doctor covering a period of over 5 years. The commenter 
asserted that VA's over-reliance on its own medical exams is ``VA 
policy'' but is not ``sound medical practice''. The commenter further 
asserted that when a VA medical exam is ``poorly conducted and 
documented'', VA orders a second exam rather than rely on the treating 
doctor's records to decide the claim. The commenter urged VA to 
``establish a level of proof which meets the balance test of both 
patient history and proof of medical condition'' and not rely on ``an 
arbitrary, `snapshot' exam conducted in a VA hospital meaning more than 
years of records from the veteran's regular physician(s).''
    We decline to make any changes based on this comment in the manner 
in which VA weighs medical evidence. VA often gives significant weight 
to an examination conducted, or a medical opinion provided by, a VA 
health care provider because they follow set procedures designed to 
elicit information relevant to the particular claim. However, as stated 
in 38 CFR 3.326(b), ``Provided that it is otherwise adequate for rating 
purposes, any hospital report, or any examination report, from any 
government or private institution may be accepted for rating a claim 
without further examination.'' Under 38 U.S.C. 5103A(d), VA must 
provide a medical examination or medical opinion in all disability 
claims when it is ``necessary to make a decision on the claim''. Under 
this duty, VA regularly conducts specialized medical examinations of 
veterans' disabilities and often requests medical opinions on specific 
questions. If VA's adjudicator finds that such an exam or opinion is 
inadequate, he or she returns the case to the health-care provider and 
requests for an adequate one to be provided.
    However, VA must also ``consider all information and lay and 
medical evidence of record in a case''. 38 U.S.C. 5107(b). Another 
statute requires the Board of Veterans' Appeals to review appeals to 
the Secretary ``based on the entire record in the proceeding and upon 
consideration of all evidence and material of record.'' 38 U.S.C. 
7104(a). This statute indicates that evidence is an element of a 
person's entire VA record. The statute prescribing that VA considers 
the ``places, types, and circumstances'' of a veteran's service when 
deciding a claim for service connection prescribes that VA consider 
``all pertinent lay and medical evidence''. 38 U.S.C. 5104(a). Although 
section 5104(a) could be interpreted to distinguish evidence from other 
documents in the record, VA regulations demonstrate that our actual 
practice is to review the entire record in every claim. The regulation 
implementing the benefit of the doubt rule of 38 U.S.C. 5107(b) 
provides for ``careful consideration of all procurable and assembled 
data'' and of ``the entire, complete record''. 38 CFR 3.102. Therefore, 
in addition to considering VA medical exams and opinions, VA weighs and 
considers all other medical evidence, including that produced by a 
veteran's treating physician.
    We note that 38 CFR 3.303(a) only prescribes that VA decide claims 
for service connection ``based on review of the entire evidence of 
record'' and there is no rule in part 3 that specifically implements 38 
U.S.C. 5107(b). We therefore propose to add a new sentence at the 
beginning of Sec.  5.4(b) stating, ``VA will base its decisions on a 
review of the entire record.'' We use the term ``entire record'' 
because it is unclear whether ``entire evidence of record'' means all 
of the evidence of record, or the entire record. The evidence in a VA 
claims file is only part of the entire record comprising the claims 
file. Our language resolves the ambiguity in favor of the more 
inclusive meaning, which is consistent with current VA practice. 
Because Sec.  5.4(b) would clearly state that ``VA will base its 
decisions on a review of the entire record'', we believe it would be 
redundant and possibly confusing to restate this principle in specific 
sections in part 5 (as does part

[[Page 71062]]

3). We therefore propose to remove such provisions from Sec. Sec.  
5.269(e), (f)(1) and (2), and 5.343. In order to incorporate the 
court's holding in Bell v. Derwinski, 2 Vet. App. 611 (1992), we 
propose to add the phrase ``including material pertaining to the 
claimant or decedent, in a death benefit claim, that is within VA's 
possession and could reasonably be expected to be a part of the 
record'' to the end of that sentence.

Sec.  5.5 Delegations of Authority

    We propose to add Sec.  5.5, ``Delegations of authority'', to this 
initially proposed segment. This regulation was inadvertently not 
included in the initially proposed rule. These provisions are the same 
as Sec.  3.100, ``Delegations of authority'', reorganized to make them 
easier to read. We also propose to replace the Sec.  3.100(a) language, 
``. . . entitlement of claimants to benefits under all laws 
administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs governing the 
payment of monetary benefits to veterans and their dependents . . .'' 
with ``entitlement to benefits under part 5''. We propose to make this 
change because part 5, like part 3, includes benefits which do not 
involve monetary payments. These include a grant of service connection 
for a veteran's disability rated 0 percent and certification of loan 
guaranty benefits for a surviving spouse. Lastly, we propose to omit 
the reference to the ``Compensation and Pension Service'' (used in 
Sec.  3.100(a) and now subdivided into the ``Compensation Service'' and 
``Pension and Fiduciary Service'') is a subdivision of the Veterans 
Benefits Administration, and the reference is therefore unnecessary.

VII. Subpart B: Service Requirements for Veterans AL67

    In a document published in the Federal Register on January 30, 
2004, we proposed to amend VA regulations governing service 
requirements for veterans, to be published in a new 38 CFR part 5. See 
69 FR 4820. The title of this proposed rulemaking was, ``Service 
Requirements for Veterans'' (RIN 2900-AL67). We provided a 60-day 
comment period that ended on March 30, 2004. We received submissions 
from four commenters: Disabled American Veterans, Vietnam Veterans of 
America, and two members of the general public.

Sec.  5.20 Dates of Periods of War

    One commenter expressed satisfaction with the progress of the 
Regulation Rewrite Project and offered praise for proposed RIN 2900-
AL67. The commenter was pleased with the inclusion of the Mexican 
Border Period in proposed Sec.  5.20, ``Dates of periods of war'', as 
there are veterans and dependents who may still be alive and eligible 
for benefits based on military service during this period.
    While we appreciate the commenter's concern, because there are no 
veterans or surviving spouses of the Mexican Border Period on VA's 
compensation and pension rolls and only one surviving dependent (a 
child), we propose to delete the provisions related to this period of 
war and refer regulation users to the applicable statutory provisions 
concerning this earlier period of war. This deletion would not affect 
benefit entitlement in any way. Should the occasion arise, VA will 
adjudicate any new claim using the statutory definition of this earlier 
period of war. See 38 U.S.C. 101(30).
    The table in Sec.  5.20 was published as a proposed rule using the 
terms ``armed forces'' and ``active military, naval, or air service''. 
For consistency, we propose to capitalize ``Armed Forces'' and change 
``active military, naval, or air service'' to ``active military 
service''.

Sec.  5.22 Service VA Recognizes as Active Duty

    In our NPRM, we invited comments on ``whether, and to what extent, 
VA should recognize military duty for special work as active duty for 
VA purposes.'' 69 FR 4822, Jan. 30, 2004. One of the commenters urged 
that VA recognize active duty for special work. Subsequent to that 
publication, however, additional issues have arisen which require 
closer coordination than we previously anticipated between VA and the 
Department of Defense. When that coordination has been completed, we 
will publish a separate NPRM on the characterization of active duty for 
special work. Hence, we propose not to revise Sec.  5.22 to address the 
recognition of active duty for special work.

Sec.  5.24 How VA Classifies Duty Performed by Armed Services Academy 
Cadets and Midshipmen, Attendees at the Preparatory Schools of the 
Armed Services Academies, and Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps 
Members

    Current 38 CFR 3.6(c)(4) refers to ``deaths and disabilities 
resulting from diseases or injuries incurred or aggravated after 
September 30, 1982, and . . . deaths and disabilities resulting from 
diseases or injuries incurred or aggravated before October 1, 1982''. 
In initially proposed Sec.  5.24(c)(1) (based on Sec.  3.6(c)(4)), we 
proposed to replace the phrase ``incurred or aggravated'' with the term 
``that occurred''. Although it was not our intention, the use of 
``occurred'' could be construed as narrowing the scope of the 
regulation by excluding aggravation. Therefore, we now propose to 
replace ``that occurred'' with ``incurred or aggravated'' in Sec.  
5.24(c)(1).

Sec.  5.27 Individuals and Groups That Qualify as Having Performed 
Active Military Service for Purposes of VA Benefits Based on 
Designation by the Secretary of Defense

    The official names of groups of civilians who, pursuant to section 
401 of Public Law 95-202, have been designated by the Secretary of 
Defense as having performed active military service for VA benefit 
purposes are listed alphabetically in proposed Sec.  5.27(b).
    Such groups apply for status as having performed active military 
service using group names that, as nearly as possible, precisely 
identify the members of the group and the service they want recognized. 
In fact, when a favorable determination is made, the Secretary's 
Federal Register notice is almost always phrased in terms of ``service 
of the group known as'', followed by the group's official name.
    In the NPRM, we initially proposed to revise some of the group 
names for clarity and readability. However, we have determined that 
this could cause confusion that a group other than the original was 
determined to have performed active military service. Such confusion 
can be avoided by strictly adhering to the official names of the 
groups, and we now propose to revise Sec.  5.27(b) to reflect the 
original group names exactly as they were provided to VA by the 
Secretary of Defense.

Sec.  5.28 Other Groups Designated as Having Performed Active Military 
Service

    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.28, we determined that we 
mistitled it. This section refers only to groups, not individuals and 
we have retitled it accordingly.

Sec.  5.31 Statutory Bars to VA Benefits

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.31(c)(4), we defined the acronym 
``AWOL'' as ``absence without official leave''. However, in the Uniform 
Code of Military Justice (10 U.S.C. 886) that particular offense is 
called ``absence without leave'', and the word ``official'' is not 
used. Therefore, for purposes of consistency and clarity, we propose to 
delete the word ``official'' from Sec.  5.31(c)(4).

[[Page 71063]]

Sec.  5.39 Minimum Active Duty Service Requirement for VA Benefits

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.39(c)(2) stated, ``If it appears that 
the length of service requirement may not be met, VA will request a 
complete statement of service to determine if there are any periods of 
active military service that are required to be excluded under 
paragraph (e) of this section.'' After reviewing this paragraph to 
respond to a public comment, we propose to correct a typographical 
error (by changing the reference to paragraph ``(e)'' to ``(d)'') and 
to clarify the paragraph to improve readability.
    In Sec.  5.39(d)(4), we initially proposed to exclude any person 
who has a compensable disability under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11 from the 
minimum active duty requirement. A disability is compensable if VA 
rates it as 10 percent or more disabling according to the Schedule for 
Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter. One commenter asserted 
that it would be wrong to discontinue the entitlement of a veteran who 
did not meet the minimum active duty requirements, but was awarded an 
initial temporary 100 percent rating under 38 CFR 4.29 or 4.30, which 
was subsequently reduced to a noncompensable (0 percent) rating. 
Likewise, any veteran lacking the minimum active duty requirements who 
had a compensable disability, but a subsequent decision reduced the 
rating to 0 percent, should not lose entitlement. This commenter agreed 
that disability ratings should fluctuate with the severity of the 
disability, but that eligibility, once established, should not be 
revoked in such cases.
    Under 38 U.S.C. 5303A(b)(1), a person who initially enters service 
after September 7, 1980, must be discharged or released after 
completing 24 months of continuous active duty or the full period for 
which such person was called to active duty to be eligible for, or be 
entitled to, any benefit administered by VA based upon the length of 
active duty service. Section 5303A(b)(3)(C) excludes those persons from 
the minimum active duty service requirements who have a disability that 
the Secretary has determined to be compensable under chapter 11 of this 
title. Section 5.39(d)(4) clarifies the term ``compensable'' to include 
veterans receiving special monthly compensation under 38 CFR 3.350, as 
well as those receiving a 10 percent rating for multiple 0 percent 
disabilities under 38 CFR 3.324.
    The commenter's position appears to be that once service connection 
has been established and a disability rating of 10 percent or more 
disabling has been assigned, a person is forever excluded from having 
to satisfy the minimum active duty service requirements. We cannot 
agree.
    Under 38 U.S.C. 5303A, the minimum active duty service requirements 
must be satisfied in order for a person discharged or released from a 
period of active duty to be eligible for, or entitled to, any benefit 
based on that period of active duty, unless a person is a member of one 
of the excluded groups. Under section 5303A(b)(3)(C), a person ``who 
has a disability that the Secretary has determined to be compensable 
under chapter 11 of this title'' meets the minimum active duty service 
requirement. The statute uses the present tense, ``has'' when referring 
to that disability, which means the veteran trying to show that he or 
she qualifies under section 5303A(b)(3)(C) must currently have a 
compensable disability. We also note that the current regulation on 
this point, Sec.  3.12a(d)(3), already requires a current compensable 
disability to qualify for this exclusion. Section 5.39 does not, in any 
way, change the scope of this exclusion. For these reasons, we propose 
not to make any changes on minimum active duty service requirements 
based on this comment.
    Upon reviewing Sec.  5.39(d)(4) in relation to this comment, we 
determined that it was appropriate to clarify the regulation consistent 
with the above discussion. We therefore propose to replace the phrase 
``VA determines to be'' with ``is currently'' in this paragraph. This 
will ensure that readers understand that the regulation requires that a 
person have a currently compensable disability to qualify for the 
paragraph (d)(4) exclusion.
    One commenter contended that 38 U.S.C. 5303A pertains only to those 
persons who are veterans by virtue of having served on active duty. 
This commenter asserted that a person, who obtained veteran status 
because an injury or disease was incurred or aggravated during active 
duty for training, or because an injury was incurred or aggravated 
during inactive duty training, is exempt from the provisions of section 
5303A. The commenter alleged that the initially proposed rule does not 
clarify that these persons are not required to have a compensable 
disability to qualify for general benefits under title 38.
    Upon a closer review of section 5303A and the definitions in 38 
U.S.C. 101, we agree with the commenter. To be a veteran, a person must 
have ``active military, naval, or air service'', referred to in part 5 
as ``active military service''. There are three types of service that 
qualify as active military service: (1) Service on active duty, (2) 
Service on active duty for training during which an injury or disease 
is incurred or aggravated, or (3) Service on inactive duty training 
during which an injury is incurred or aggravated, or during which the 
person suffers an acute myocardial infarction, a cardiac arrest, or a 
cerebrovascular accident. See 38 U.S.C. 101(24). Since section 5303A, 
by its terms, applies only to veterans who served on active duty, it 
does not apply to veterans who performed active military service under 
the provisions of Sec.  5.21(a)(4) or (5). We therefore propose to 
revise initially proposed Sec.  5.39(d) to add two other categories of 
persons excluded from the minimum active duty service requirements: 
Persons who performed active military service under the provisions of 
Sec.  5.21(a)(4) or (5).
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.39 in relation to the 
comment discussed above, we discovered that we inadvertently omitted a 
phrase contained in current Sec.  3.12a(b): ``based on that period of 
active service''. To correct that omission, we propose to revise Sec.  
5.39(a) accordingly.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.39, we included proposed paragraphs 
(f)(2)(iv) and (v). Based on our review of the proposed rule, we noted 
that this was a numbering error. Proposed paragraphs (f)(2)(iv) and (v) 
should have been numbered (f)(2)(iii) and (iv) respectively because the 
proposed regulation did not have a paragraph (f)(2)(iii). Instead, it 
mistakenly skipped from (f)(2)(ii) to (f)(2)(iv). We propose to correct 
this error.

Comments Outside the Scope of RIN 2900-AL67

    One person commented with reference to RIN 2900-AL67. The comments 
related to the definition of ``Service in the Republic of Vietnam'', 
and to the so-called Bluewater sailors. These comments are outside the 
scope of the proposed rule published under RIN 2900-AL67, but relate to 
another NPRM, RIN 2900-AL70. We discussed these comments together with 
the other comments received in connection with RIN 2900-AL70.
    We also received a comment that was not directed at any particular 
proposed rule, but we thought it would be most appropriately addressed 
in this portion of the proposed rule. The commenter was concerned that 
National Guard full time active duty members were not considered 
veterans unless they were injured on duty.
    The commenter is correct. Persons who serve full time in the 
National

[[Page 71064]]

Guard under section 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of title 32 are on 
active duty for training and are not considered veterans under title 
38, VA's controlling statutes, unless they are disabled by an injury or 
disease that was incurred or aggravated during such duty. If the law is 
clear and unambiguous, VA is bound by it. Congress has spoken clearly 
about who may be considered a veteran for VA purposes. See 38 U.S.C. 
101(2) and (24). Under such circumstances, the commenter's only remedy 
would be a change of statutory law. No change in regulations can be 
made based on this comment.

Changes in Terminology for Clarity and/or Consistency

    For the convenience of readers and for economy of language, we 
propose to spell out the full name of each VA program or benefit the 
first time we use it in any part 5 regulation, and to abbreviate it 
thereafter. For example, the death benefit payable to a surviving 
spouse, child, or dependent parent based on death in service or due to 
a service-connected disability is officially titled ``dependency and 
indemnity compensation''. That benefit name is quite cumbersome when it 
is repeated several times within a regulation. The abbreviation or 
acronym ``DIC'' is much easier to use and improves the readability of a 
regulation. In order to use the acronym, we must first spell it out for 
the reader, and while we do not want to spell out the term every time 
we use it, neither do we want to spell it out once in part 5 or once in 
each subpart and force the reader to keep referring back to a 
definition that is remote from where the acronym is being used. To 
strike a balance we propose to spell out the official program name 
followed by the acronym in parentheses the first time the program name 
is encountered in a section and to use the acronym throughout the 
remainder of that section. This will apply to regulatory text only, and 
not to section titles. If we use the program title only once in a 
section, we would spell it out with no parenthetical abbreviation or 
acronym. We will apply this convention throughout part 5.
    Lastly, we propose to standardize the words used in referring to 
VA's rating schedule, ``the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 
of this chapter''. For this subpart, the new term will replace the 
initially proposed language in Sec.  5.39(d)(4)(i).

VIII. Subpart C: Adjudicative Process, General

VA Benefit Claims AM16

    In a document published in the Federal Register on April 14, 2008, 
we proposed to revise VA regulations governing benefit claims. 73 FR 
20136. We provided a 60-day comment period that ended June 13, 2008. We 
received submissions from two commenters: Center for Plain Language and 
a member of the general public.
    One commenter criticized our use of the passive voice and overly 
long sentences in the initially proposed rulemaking. Based on this 
comment, we propose to revise all of the proposed regulations to use 
the active voice and shorter sentences whenever possible or 
appropriate.
    In addition to the specific changes discussed below, we propose to 
revise the regulations proposed in NPRM, RIN 2900-AM16 to help improve 
clarity and consistency with other part 5 regulations.

Sec.  5.50 Applications VA Furnishes

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.50(a) stated, ``Upon request in person 
or in writing, VA will furnish the appropriate application to a person 
claiming or applying for, or expressing intent to claim or apply for, 
benefits under the laws administered by VA.'' Based on our review, we 
propose to remove ``in person or in writing'' because it is too 
restrictive. Claimants may also request applications using the 
telephone or email. We also propose to remove the phrases ``or applying 
for'' and ``or apply for'' because these phrases are redundant of 
``claiming'' and ``claim''. Moreover, they may cause a reader to 
mistakenly believe that we mean something different by the use of these 
different phrases.
    We have defined ``notice'' in Sec.  5.1. The definition applies to 
VA's duty to inform a claimant of something a certain way. We propose 
to revise the first sentence of proposed paragraph Sec.  5.50(b) by 
replacing the word ``notice'' with ``information'' because use of 
``notice,'' as so defined, would be inappropriate.
    The term ``dependent'' as used in the initially proposed rule and 
in Sec.  3.150 from which it derives referred to persons known to VA as 
the deceased veteran's dependents at the time of his or her death. The 
term ``survivor'' better meets the requirement to provide an 
application to persons with ``apparent entitlement'', because it 
encompasses persons not known to VA as the veteran's dependent who 
could, nevertheless, be entitled to a death benefit. We therefore 
propose to revise initially proposed paragraph (b) by replacing the 
word ``dependent'' with the word ``survivor''.
    We also propose to revise paragraph (b) by replacing the word 
``forward'' in the first sentence with ``furnish'' and replacing ``for 
execution by or on behalf of'' with ``to''. As revised, the sentence 
states that, ``VA will furnish the appropriate application to any 
survivor''. ``Furnish'' is a more accurate word for supplying the 
survivor an application and it is consistent with paragraph (a), which 
also uses the word ``furnish''. The initially proposed rule stated that 
VA will forward the application ``for execution by or on behalf of'' a 
dependent. In this regulation, it is surplus to state that the 
application is ``for execution''. Although VA provides applications so 
claimants can execute them, the rules about what to do with an 
application are more appropriate to the regulations about filing 
claims. In the same sentence, we have changed the general reference to 
``such benefits'' to name the benefits that a dependent could possibly 
receive, for example, death pension or dependency and indemnity 
compensation.
    Additionally, we propose to revise the phrase, ``If it is not 
indicated'', which appeared at the beginning of the second sentence of 
the initially proposed rule, to read, ``If the available evidence does 
not indicate''. This phrase more clearly states what records VA will 
review to determine if there is a potential accrued benefits claimant. 
In the same sentence, we have replaced ``forward'' with ``furnish'' for 
the reasons discussed above. We also propose to revise the last 
sentence of paragraph (b) to specifically describe the 1-year time 
limit for filing a claim for accrued benefits because it will be 
helpful to claimants.
    In the NPRM, paragraph (c) implied that VA would not assist in a 
claim for disability or death due to hospital treatment, medical or 
surgical treatment, examination, or training. The initially proposed 
rule stated, in pertinent part, ``VA will not forward an application 
for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151.'' We believe that it is important to 
instead inform the reader that VA does not have an application for 
claims under 38 U.S.C. 1151. We therefore propose to revise paragraph 
(c) to clarify that a claimant may apply in any written form for 
disability or death benefits due to hospital treatment, medical or 
surgical treatment, examination, or training under the provisions of 38 
U.S.C. 1151. VA does not have an application for such a claim. See 
Sec.  5.53, Claims for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151 for

[[Page 71065]]

disability or death due to VA treatment or vocational rehabilitation, 
for the requirements for filing a claim pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 1151.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.50 repeated the cross reference to Sec.  
3.109(b) from the end of Sec.  3.150. This cross reference is erroneous 
because Sec.  3.109(b) does not apply to any deadlines for filing 
claims referenced in Sec. Sec.  3.150 or 5.50. We therefore propose to 
remove this cross reference from Sec.  5.50.

Sec.  5.51 Filing a Claim for Disability Benefits

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.51(a) stated, ``An individual must file 
a specific claim in the form prescribed by the Secretary in order for 
disability benefits to be paid under the laws administered by VA.'' We 
propose to replace the phrase ``in order for disability benefits to be 
paid under the laws administered by VA'' with ``for VA to grant a claim 
for disability benefits''. This change clarifies that the provision 
applies not only to cases where VA grants monetary benefits, but also 
to cases where VA grants service connection and rates the disabilities 
as 0 percent disabling.
    Subsequent to the publication of proposed Sec.  5.51, section 502 
of Public Law 112-154 (2012) amended 38 U.S.C. 5101 by adding a new 
paragraph which states that if an individual has not attained the age 
of 18 years, is mentally incompetent, or is physically unable to sign a 
form, a form filed under paragraph (1) for the individual may be signed 
by a court-appointed representative, a person who is responsible for 
the care of the individual, including a spouse or other relative, or an 
attorney in fact or agent authorized to act on behalf of the individual 
under a durable power of attorney. If the individual is in the care of 
an institution, the manager or principal officer of the institution may 
sign the form * * * The term `mentally incompetent' with respect to an 
individual means that the individual lacks the mental capacity--(A) to 
provide substantially accurate information needed to complete a form; 
or (B) to certify that the statements made on a form are true and 
complete. We propose to update Sec.  5.51(a) to reflect this amendment.

Sec.  5.52 Filing a Claim for Death Benefits

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.52(a) stated, ``An individual must file 
a specific claim in the form prescribed by the Secretary (or jointly 
with the Commissioner of Social Security, as prescribed by Sec.  
5.131(a)) in order for death benefits to be paid under the laws 
administered by VA.'' Subsequent to the publication of proposed Sec.  
5.52, section 503 of Public Law 112-154 (2012) amended 38 U.S.C. 5105 
by removing the requirement that the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and 
the Commissioner of Social Security jointly prescribe forms for use by 
survivors of members and former members of the uniformed services in 
filing application for benefits under chapter 13 of title 38 and title 
II of the Social Security Act. Section 503 also removed the requirement 
that each such form request information sufficient to constitute an 
application for benefits under both laws. Finally, section 503 also 
removed the requirement that such a claim be filed on a particular form 
by allowing it to be filed ``on any document indicating an intent to 
apply for survivor benefits''. We proposed to include these statutory 
changes in Sec.  5.52(a).
    In response to the Center for Plain Language's comment about 
sentence length in initially proposed Sec.  5.52, we propose to revise 
the regulation to be more concise. We propose to revise initially 
proposed paragraph (a) by changing ``in the form prescribed'' to ``for 
death benefits by completing and filing the application prescribed''. 
See Sec.  5.1, ``Definitions''; compare definition of ``application'', 
with definition of ``claim'', Sec.  5.1(k). The requirement to use a 
prescribed application to claim a death benefit is consistent with the 
authorizing statute, 38 U.S.C. 5101(a), and its current implementing 
regulation, Sec.  3.152(a). Both statute and regulation incorporate by 
reference the requirement that the Secretary and the Commissioner of 
Social Security jointly prescribe an application for use at either 
agency to apply for certain benefits, and that the application 
constitutes a claim for both agency's benefits when filed with either 
agency. See 38 U.S.C. 5105; 38 CFR 3.153.
    In Fleshman v. West, 138 F.3d 1429, 1431 (Fed. Cir. 1998), 
involving a claim for disability compensation, the Federal Circuit 
addressed whether the phrase ``in the form'' in section 5101(a) means 
``on a form''. The court distinguished between the phrases, citing 
Sec.  3.153 pertaining to claims for death benefits as an example of a 
regulation that clearly requires the claimant to use a specific 
application by using the phrase ``on a form prescribed''. Section 
5.52(a) will implement the court's reasoning and make explicit VA's 
practice regarding claims for death benefits. The proposed change of 
language from ``in the form prescribed'' to ``by completing and filing 
the application prescribed'' is a clarifying change from Sec.  
3.152(a). We also propose to change the language in initially proposed 
paragraph (a) of Sec.  5.52 from, ``in order for death benefits to be 
paid under the laws administered by VA'', to, ``for VA to grant death 
benefits'', to be consistent with Sec.  5.51.
    We propose to revise paragraph (b) by removing references to filing 
a claim for death compensation. This benefit is not available for new 
applicants, so it is not necessary to include death compensation 
provisions in part 5. As a result of this change, we propose to 
eliminate initially proposed (b)(1) and redesignate proposed (b)(2) and 
(3) as (b)(1) and (2), respectively. We propose to revise paragraph (b) 
to eliminate needless repetition of language common to initially 
proposed Sec.  5.52(b)(2) and (3).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.52(c)(4) and (5), we addressed the 
effective dates of a child's death benefits. These paragraphs 
referenced the claimant's requirement to timely submit evidence that VA 
requests and the consequence of failure to timely submit such evidence. 
The rules on timely submission of evidence are in Sec.  5.136, 
``Abandoned claims'', derived from current Sec.  3.158. We propose to 
remove these provisions from initially proposed Sec.  5.52 because 
there is no need to repeat them. To make the regulations more concise 
and easier to use, we propose to combine the remaining portions of 
initially proposed paragraphs (c)(4) and (5) with paragraph (c)(3) and 
to cross reference the effective date rules by referencing Sec.  5.696 
in paragraph (c)(1) and referencing Sec. Sec.  5.538 and 5.431 in 
paragraph (c)(3).

Sec.  5.53 Claims for Benefits Under 38 U.S.C. 1151 for Disability or 
Death Due to VA Treatment or Vocational Rehabilitation

    We propose to remove the last sentence of initially proposed Sec.  
5.53, which stated, ``Such communication may be contained in a formal 
claim for pension, disability compensation, or DIC, or in any other 
document.'' The first sentence of the regulation states that VA may 
accept ``any communication in writing'' as a claim for benefits under 
38 U.S.C. 1151. In light of that rule, the sentence we propose to 
remove is surplus; ``any communication in writing'' inherently includes 
one ``contained in a formal claim''.

Sec.  5.54 Informal Claims

    We propose to make several changes to initially proposed Sec.  
5.54. These changes will revise and reorganize the rule to be clearer 
and consistent with current VA practice.
    Paragraph (a) defines an informal claim and states that the 
informal claim must be written. VA defines a ``claim'' as a ``formal or 
informal communication

[[Page 71066]]

in writing'' (Sec.  5.1). Section 5.54(a) merely reiterates this 
requirement for clarity in the rule governing informal claims. See 
Rodriguez v. West, 189 F.3d 1351, 1354 (Fed.Cir. 1999) (VA defines 
``claim'' as a formal or informal written communication, therefore 
``under the Department's regulations an informal claim application must 
be written''). We also propose to add a cross reference in proposed 
paragraph (c)(2) to Sec.  5.56, ``Report of examination, treatment, or 
hospitalization as a claim.'' The reader should find it convenient to 
have a reference here to an alternative method of claiming certain 
benefits.
    Initially proposed paragraph (a) also stated that ``[a]ny 
communication or action'' may be an informal claim for benefits. As the 
phrase is used in current Sec.  3.155 from which it derives, any 
``action'' that would be a claim for benefits would be a communication. 
Therefore, we propose to remove the phrase ``or action'' as 
superfluous.
    Additionally, initially proposed paragraph (a) listed who may file 
an informal claim and stated certain conditions for persons other than 
the claimant to file the claim. We propose to move this list to 
paragraph (b) to distinguish the authority to file an informal claim 
from the required content of an informal claim. Readers should find it 
convenient to have in one place a list of persons who can file a claim 
and any conditions on that authority. Initially proposed paragraph (b), 
like 38 CFR 3.155(b), listed several types of representatives: agents, 
attorneys, and service organizations. Initially proposed paragraph (a) 
contained the term ``authorized representative'', which we have moved 
into paragraph (b). Because ``authorized representative'' includes 
agents, attorneys, and service organizations, we propose to remove 
those terms from Sec.  5.54.
    Initially proposed paragraph (a) provided that a ``duly authorized 
representative'' may file a claimant's informal claim. We propose to 
remove the word ``duly'' from the phrase ``duly authorized 
representative''. It is a superfluous legalism. A claimant has or has 
not authorized a representative. There is no such thing as an unduly 
authorized representative. Such a representative would simply not be 
authorized.
    Initially proposed paragraph (b), like current Sec.  3.155(b), 
imposed conditions on VA's acceptance of an informal claim when filed 
by certain organizations or persons. The regulation stated the rule 
negatively: ``A communication . . . may not be accepted . . . if a 
power of attorney . . . was not executed at the time the communication 
was written.'' We propose to restate the rule affirmatively in 
paragraph (b) after the term ``authorized representative''. The 
restated rule will read, ``if authorized before VA received the 
informal claim''. This proposed change would also clarify the timing of 
the authorization.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.54(b), also like current Sec.  3.155(b), 
required that a power of attorney from the listed parties ``was . . . 
executed at the time the communication was written.'' VA requires that 
it receive the executed power of attorney before it will act on a 
written communication from certain representatives as an informal 
claim. In current practice, VA accepts as an informal claim a written 
communication from one of the listed representatives if it meets the 
requirements of an informal claim and VA receives it along with a power 
of attorney executed as regulation requires. ``At the time the 
communication was written'' is ambiguous. It could mean the power of 
attorney was executed simultaneously, more or less contemporaneously, 
or simply before the communication was written. VA has no mechanism to 
ascertain whether the power of attorney was executed at any of these 
times, nor need VA ensure the power of attorney was executed ``at the 
time the communication was written.'' VA is sufficiently assured of the 
authenticity of the power of attorney and of the authority of the 
representative to act for the veteran if VA receives a properly 
executed power of attorney and the communication the representative 
wrote for the claimant together.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.54(b) contained a cross reference to 38 
CFR 14.631, ``Powers of attorney; disclosure of claimant information.'' 
Because Sec.  14.630, ``Authorization for a particular claim'', also 
describes a type of authorized representative, we propose to add a 
cross reference to that section, too.
    We propose to reorganize the elements of initially proposed 
paragraphs (a) and (c) that addressed the effect of filing an informal 
claim, combining them in paragraph (c). Paragraph (c)(1) applies to 
original informal claims. Initially proposed paragraph (a) provided 
that VA will ``forward'' an application to anyone who files an informal 
claim, but has not filed a formal claim. We propose to revise this to 
say that VA will ``furnish an appropriate application to a person who 
files an informal claim''. This is consistent with Sec.  5.50(a), which 
requires VA to furnish an ``appropriate application'' for a benefit 
upon request. VA does not have an application for all benefits. We 
propose to make paragraph (c)(1) practicable by limiting the 
requirement that VA ``furnish an appropriate application'' to those 
benefits for which VA has an application.
    The initially proposed rule prescribed that VA would accept the 
date of receipt of an informal claim as the date of the claim, ``If 
[the application is] received within 1 year after the date it was sent 
to the claimant''. We propose to add to paragraph (c)(1) that ``VA will 
take no action on the informal claim until the claimant files the 
completed application.'' Though the initially proposed language stating 
that VA forwards the application ``for execution'' implies that it must 
be returned executed (that is, completed), it is clearer to say so 
explicitly.
    We propose to revise initially proposed paragraph (c) as paragraph 
(c)(2). We propose to remove ``an informal request'' and ``will be 
accepted as a claim''. The revised regulation will prescribe VA's 
action upon receipt of an ``informal claim'' from a claimant who has 
previously satisfied Sec.  5.51 or Sec.  5.52, as did the initially 
proposed regulation. We propose to remove the term ``informal request'' 
for the same reason we propose to remove ``action'' from paragraph (a). 
Any ``informal request'' for an increase or to reopen must be a 
communication indicating ``an intent to apply for one or more 
benefits'', that is, an informal claim. We propose to remove ``will be 
accepted as a claim'', because to say that VA will accept an informal 
request as a claim if the claimant previously satisfied the 
requirements of Sec.  5.51 or Sec.  5.52 is merely to say that an 
informal claim is a claim under those circumstances. That is exactly 
what the regulation means, and VA has never intended an ``informal 
request'' to be something different from an informal claim. Using 
another term for an informal claim confusingly suggests that there is 
some other type of ``informal communication in writing requesting a 
determination of entitlement, or evidencing a belief in entitlement, to 
a VA benefit'' that might not be an informal claim. As the definition 
of ``claim'' reveals, this cannot be so. See Sec.  5.1, defining 
``claim''.
    Paragraph (c)(2) provides that VA will act on an informal claim 
without requiring another application from a person who has previously 
filed an application. The initially proposed rule and current Sec.  
3.155(c) allowed an informal claim for increase or to reopen to be 
accepted without the claimant subsequently filing an application if the 
claimant had previously filed a claim

[[Page 71067]]

that ``met the requirements of Sec.  5.51 [disability benefits] or 
Sec.  5.52 [death benefits]''. It is implicit, but not obvious, that VA 
can accept an informal claim for each type of benefit without requiring 
a subsequent application only if the claimant has previously filed an 
application for that type of benefit. An application that provides 
information critical to the benefit claimed satisfies the statutory 
requirement to file a claim ``in the form prescribed by the 
Secretary''. Fleshman, 138 F.3d at 1431-32 (Applicant must file claim 
containing specified information, and without the ``critical 
information'' it will not be ``in the form prescribed by the 
Secretary'' so as to comply with 38 U.S.C. 5101(a)). It is VA's receipt 
of the information critical to a claim for disability benefits or for 
death benefits that enables VA to accept a subsequent informal claim 
for disability benefits or death benefits without requiring another 
application.
    The previous filing of a claim for disability benefits will not 
have provided VA the critical information necessary for the claimant to 
have met the requirement of 38 U.S.C. 5101(a) for a claim for death 
benefits, and vice versa. As proposed to be revised, Sec.  
5.54(c)(2)(i) and (ii) will explicitly state the implicit requirement 
in initially proposed Sec.  5.54(c) that VA will accept an informal 
claim for increase or to reopen a claim for disability or death 
benefits only if the claimant has previously filed a claim for that 
type of benefit.

Sec.  5.55 Claims Based on New and Material Evidence

    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.55 in response to a 
comment and based on our further review of the regulation. The 
commenter requested that VA make the rule clearer and use the active 
voice. We propose to revise this regulation to enhance readability and 
be more consistent with the format of other part 5 regulations.
    The proposed revisions describe the process of, and provide 
instructions for, reopening a claim that the initially proposed 
regulation did not. The proposed revisions afford the claimant the same 
rights, however, and prescribe the same burdens and duties for the 
claimant and for VA in seeking to reopen a claim as did the initially 
proposed regulation. They articulate current VA practice in 
implementing 38 U.S.C. 5108, which requires VA to ``reopen the claim 
and review the former disposition'' if ``new and material evidence is 
presented or secured''. They also make explicit several aspects of 
reopening a claim that are implicit in the initially proposed and the 
current regulation.
    We propose to move the definition of a ``reopened claim'' from 
initially proposed Sec.  5.57(f) to Sec.  5.55(a) and (d) and restate 
it as a list of conditions necessary to reopen a claim VA has finally 
denied.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.55(a) stated, ``A claimant may reopen a 
finally adjudicated claim''. The paragraph characterized new and 
material evidence in reference to ``evidence of record at the time of 
the last prior final denial of the claim sought to be reopened''. Both 
quoted phrases come from current Sec.  3.156(a). As now proposed, Sec.  
5.55(a) states, ``A claimant may reopen a claim if VA has made a final 
decision denying the claim.'' It would be redundant to state that a 
claimant may reopen a ``finally'' adjudicated claim because we define 
``claim'' in Sec.  5.1 and we define ``final decision'' in Sec.  5.1. A 
claim is not subject to reopening if a prior decision is not final. 
Therefore, in order to reopen a claim, paragraph (a) of this section 
requires the existence of a final decision denying that claim. These 
changes are consistent with the circumstances in which a claimant will 
seek to reopen a claim.
    We propose to move the language in initially proposed Sec.  5.57(f) 
regarding the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board) treatment of certain 
evidence into Sec.  5.55(d) because it relates to new evidence in the 
context of reopening a claim. We have shortened that language because 
under Sec.  20.1304(b)(1)(i), any evidence or request for hearing 
referenced in that rule will be returned to the RO ``upon completion of 
the Board's action on the pending appeal''. Therefore, the RO will 
apply Sec.  20.1304(b)(1)(i) only in the context of a final denial, 
which is already discussed in Sec.  5.55(a), or a grant or remand, in 
which case, the provisions of Sec.  5.55 are irrelevant. The primary 
relevance of Sec.  20.1304(b) to Sec.  5.55 is that evidence submitted 
to the Board prior to its decision, but not considered by the Board, as 
set forth in Sec.  20.1304(b), may be considered ``new'' for purposes 
of Sec.  5.55.
    We propose not to include the provision contained in Sec.  5.57(f) 
regarding hearings in Sec.  5.55(d). When a claimant requests a hearing 
at the Board more than 90 days after certification of an appeal and 
transfer of the claims file to the Board, the Board will not allow the 
hearing unless there is a showing of good cause for the delayed 
request. If the Board finds good cause and allows the hearing, then any 
testimony presented is considered in deciding the appeal. If the Board 
does not find good cause, then it will decide the appeal without 
conducting the hearing. In that case, it will refer the hearing request 
to the AOJ as required by 38 CFR 20.1304(b)(1)(i). Any testimony 
presented at a subsequent AOJ hearing on a claim for a benefit the 
Board denied would necessarily be ``[e]vidence the claimant presented . 
. . since VA last made a final decision denying the claim the claimant 
seeks to reopen'' under Sec.  5.55(d)(1). Therefore, there is no need 
to include the Sec.  5.57(f) language about hearings.
    We propose to add paragraphs (b) and (c). Proposed paragraph (b) 
states, ``To reopen a claim, the claimant must present or VA must 
secure new and material evidence. If VA receives a claim to reopen, it 
will determine whether evidence presented or secured to reopen the 
claim is new and material.'' Proposed paragraph (c) reads, ``If the 
claimant has presented or VA has secured new and material evidence, VA 
will reopen and decide the claim on its merits.'' Together, these 
paragraphs clearly prescribe the sequence of actions in reopening a 
claim, implementing 38 U.S.C. 5108 and long-standing judicial 
precedent. See Manio v. Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. 140 (1991).
    We propose to move the definition of ``new and material evidence'' 
in initially proposed Sec.  5.55(a) to paragraph (d), so it now follows 
the information a claimant needs to know about the process of reopening 
a claim. We propose to reorganize the definition of ``new and material 
evidence'' as a set of criteria that evidence must meet to be ``new'' 
and a set of criteria it must meet to be ``material''.
    As initially proposed, the definition of ``new and material'' 
evidence could be misconstrued to imply that ``new and material'' 
evidence has some sort of combined characteristics in addition to those 
that satisfy the requirement that it is new and that it is material. VA 
has never intended the term ``new and material evidence'' to be 
interpreted this way, and the Federal Circuit has rejected such an 
interpretation. Anglin v. West, 203 F.3d 1343, 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2000) 
(rejecting appellant's assertion that ``the concepts of newness and 
materiality are so intertwined that they cannot meaningfully be 
separated into `prongs' of a test'').
    In proposing the current definition of ``new and material 
evidence'', 38 CFR 3.156(a), VA stated, ``We propose to clarify the 
definition of `new and material evidence' . . . to state that `new 
evidence' means . . . evidence not previously submitted to agency 
decisionmakers, that is neither

[[Page 71068]]

cumulative nor redundant of the evidence of record at the time of the 
last final denial of the claim.'' 66 FR 17838, Apr. 4, 2001. The courts 
have consistently associated ``cumulative'' with a failure of evidence 
to be New See, le.g., Anglin, 203 F.3d at 1346-47 (holding that CAVC 
correctly used first prong of Colvin test in finding appellant who 
filed ``cumulative'' evidence had not filed ``new'' evidence); Elkins 
v. West, 12 Vet. App. 209, 212 (1999) (new evidence is evidence not of 
record at time of last final disallowance of the claim and not merely 
cumulative of other evidence that was then of record); Colvin v. 
Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. 171, 174 (1991) (``New evidence is not that 
which is merely cumulative of other evidence on the record.'') 
(overruled in part by Hodge v. West, 155 F.3d 1356 (Fed. Cir. 1998)).
    In Anglin, the Federal Circuit affirmed the holding of the CAVC 
that the appellant's cumulative evidence was not new evidence. 203 F.3d 
at 1347. The Federal Circuit explained that Hodge did not overrule the 
first prong of the so-called Colvin test of ``new and material 
evidence.'' 203 F.3d at 1346 (``[N]othing in Hodge suggests that the 
understanding of `newness' as embodied in the first prong of the Colvin 
test is inadequate or in conflict with the regulatory definition of new 
and material evidence.''). The Anglin court rejected the appellant's 
argument that ``the concepts of newness and materiality are so 
intertwined that they cannot meaningfully be separated into `prongs' of 
a test.'' Id. at 1346. The CAVC explicitly found ``[b]ecause the 
evidence presented . . . was not new, the CAVC did not examine whether 
it was material. This application of the first prong of the Colvin test 
was entirely consistent with the regulatory definition of new and 
material evidence.'' Id. at 1347. As restated, proposed Sec.  5.55(d) 
clearly distinguishes between new evidence and material evidence. It 
makes clear what new evidence is, what material evidence is, that to 
reopen a claim the evidence must meet both criteria, and that failure 
of the claimant to present or of VA to secure either will bar reopening 
the claim.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.55(a) reiterated the language of current 
Sec.  3.156(a), ``New evidence means existing evidence'', and 
``Material evidence means existing evidence''. For the following 
reasons, we propose to remove the term ``existing'' in both instances.
    In 2001, VA amended the definition of ``new and material evidence'' 
to implement the Veterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000, Public Law 
106-475, sec. 3, 114 Stat. 2096, 2096-98 (2000), which mandated that VA 
assist claimants to substantiate their claims. In doing so, VA 
prescribed the assistance it would give a claimant to substantiate a 
claim to reopen by limiting its duty to obtain new and material 
evidence to obtaining ``existing evidence'', as distinguished from 
newly created evidence. 66 FR 17837-38, Apr. 4, 2001. VA did this to 
avoid the implication that, under the VCAA of 2000, it had a duty to 
create new evidence, for example through a medical examination. 66 FR 
45628, Aug. 29, 2001 (``VA would not provide an examination or obtain a 
medical opinion to create new evidence''). VA intended ``existing 
evidence'' to mean ``evidence that is not newly generated by or with 
the help of VA''. 66 FR 17838, Apr. 4, 2001.
    Nonetheless, if ``new'' evidence and ``material'' evidence both 
mean ``existing'' evidence, then initially proposed Sec.  5.55(a) could 
be misconstrued to mean that VA would not accept any evidence newly 
created to reopen the claim because it is not ``new and material'' as 
defined. As initially proposed, the rule could produce the strange 
result, for example, of VA rejecting a new medical opinion that a 
claimant obtains and files to reopen a claim as not ``new and material 
evidence'', because it would not be ``existing evidence.'' We therefore 
propose to remove the term ``existing'' to avoid any potential for such 
misapplication.
    There is no need to qualify ``new and material evidence'' as 
``existing evidence'' to ensure that VA's duty to assist the claimant 
in obtaining new and material evidence is as limited as VA intends. In 
any claim, the claimant must identify existing evidence and provide VA 
the information necessary to obtain this evidence before VA is 
obligated to try to procure that evidence for the claimant. See 
proposed Sec.  5.90(c). Nothing about asserting that the evidence is 
new and material or the fact that the claimant wants VA to obtain that 
evidence in order to reopen a claim exempts the claimant from his or 
her obligation. Consequently, the definition of new and material 
evidence does not need the qualifier ``existing'' to limit VA's duty to 
assist. Likewise, another paragraph of the ``duty to assist'' 
regulation provides that VA has no duty to assist a claimant seeking to 
reopen a claim by providing medical examinations or obtaining new 
medical opinions until new and material evidence is presented or 
secured. See proposed Sec.  5.90(c)(4)(iii). Therefore, the definition 
of ``new and material evidence'' does not need the qualifier 
``existing'' to proscribe a duty to provide medical examinations or 
obtain medical opinions for the claimant seeking to reopen a previously 
finally denied claim.
    Finally, we propose to redesignate initially proposed paragraph 
(b), ``Effective date'', as paragraph (e). We propose to change the 
term ``awards'' to ``grants'', consistent with the use of ``grant'' in 
part 5 as a verb meaning to decide a claim affirmatively.

Sec.  5.56 Report of Examination, Treatment, or Hospitalization as a 
Claim

    We propose to revise and reorganize this regulation for simplicity. 
We also propose to address several specific issues.
    We propose to revise initially proposed paragraph (a) so that it 
simply states the purpose and effect of this section. It is necessary 
to explain that evidence construed as a claim in accordance with this 
section meets the claim requirement of Sec.  5.51(a), because after VA 
receives such evidence, VA requires the claimant to take no further 
action to establish that he or she has filed a claim. In other words, 
the evidence constitutes a claim ``that is in the form prescribed by 
the Secretary'' for filing the claims to which this section applies.
    We propose to add a new paragraph (b), ``Claims excluded'', which 
provides that VA's receipt of a report of examination, treatment, or 
hospitalization is a claim only under the circumstances named in 
paragraph (c) of this section. We emphasize this point by explicitly 
excluding from the scope of this section new claims for service 
connection.
    In reviewing the initially proposed regulation, we noticed that in 
some places we referred to a report of examination or hospitalization 
and in others we referred to a report of examination or treatment. Our 
intent was to accept a report of examination, treatment, or 
hospitalization as a claim in the situations described. We propose to 
revise this regulation, including the title, to reflect that any of 
these types of medical reports may be a claim for increased benefits or 
for pension under the circumstances described. The revised title also 
represents the content of the regulation more accurately.
    We propose to reorganize initially proposed paragraph (b) of this 
section and redesignate it as paragraph (c), ``Claims included''. We 
propose to replace the initially proposed language with four succinct 
statements, (c)(1), (2), (3), and (4). Each statement articulates a 
circumstance in which VA's receipt of

[[Page 71069]]

medical records is a claim and identifies what type of claim it is, for 
example, a claim for increased disability compensation. We propose not 
to repeat the language, ``or once a formal claim for disability 
compensation has been denied because the service-connected disability 
is not compensable in degree''. We also propose not to repeat the 
language, ``or an informal claim to reopen''. Both phrases are 
superfluous and potentially confusing to readers. VA formerly 
considered claims where VA granted service connection for an injury or 
disease, but rated the disability as 0 percent disabling as having been 
disallowed or denied. See Par. 4, VA Technical Bulletin 8-180, ``Claims 
for Increase and Reopened Awards'' (June 13, 1951). VA considered 
hospital treatment records as ``an informal claim to reopen'' such a 
claim in order to receive a compensable rating. Id.
    VA currently considers claims for disability compensation to have 
been granted, notwithstanding that the disability is rated 0 percent, 
so long as VA granted service connection. This is because even a 0 
percent rating can yield disability compensation or other benefits, 
such as medical treatment. See 38 CFR 3.324, ``Multiple noncompensable 
service-connected disabilities''. Because VA no longer considers such 
claims disallowed or denied, they cannot be ``reopened''. Instead, a 
claimant who believes he or she is entitled to more than a 0 percent 
rating need only file a claim for an increased rating. Hence, we 
propose to remove the above-referenced language from redesignated Sec.  
5.56(c). Furthermore, 38 CFR 3.157 has never applied to permit the 
reopening of a claim that was denied because the claimed injury or 
disease was not service connected. 38 CFR 3.157(b) applies only where 
``a formal claim for . . . compensation has been allowed or . . . 
disallowed for the reason that the service-connected disability is not 
compensable in degree''. Removing the above-referenced language will 
remove any possible confusion on this point.
    The reasoning for not using the term ``disallowed'' or ``denied'' 
or referring to a ``reopened'' claim in the context of a prior grant of 
service connection to a veteran rated 0 percent disabled also applies 
to claims under this section from veterans receiving retired pay. 
Proposed paragraph (b)(2) changed ``disallowed'' to ``denied'' in 
restating the Sec.  3.157(b) rule about retirees. Section 3.157(b) 
provides for claims from ``a retired member of a uniformed service 
whose formal claim for pension or compensation has been disallowed 
because of receipt of retirement pay.'' ``Disallowed'' is used there in 
the same sense in which Sec.  3.157(b) uses it to refer to nonpayment 
of disability compensation to a service-connected veteran rated 0 
percent and for the reason discussed above; such a claim is not 
``reopened.'' VA may grant service connection to a veteran, yet not pay 
disability compensation because the veteran elects to receive retired 
pay rather than VA disability compensation. VA would also not pay 
pension to the retiree in receipt of retired pay if the amount of 
retired pay is greater than the amount of income above which VA will 
not pay pension benefits. In neither instance is a claim under this 
section ``reopened'' or a claim to reopen. Our proposed restatement of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.56(b)(2), to be redesignated as proposed 
paragraph (c)(3), includes a heading that accurately describes the 
circumstances in which the section applies to veterans receiving 
retired pay. It also describes the claims, simply, as for disability 
compensation or for pension.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.56(c)(3) used the term ``retirement 
pay''. Upon further review, we noted that the terms ``retirement pay'' 
and ``retired pay'' were inconsistently used in part 3. To correct this 
inconsistency, we propose to use the term ``retired pay'' throughout 
part 5 when we are referring to ``payment received by a veteran that is 
classified as retired pay by the Service Department''. See proposed 
Sec.  5.745(a), for the definition of ``military retired pay''.
    We propose to redesignate initially proposed paragraph (c) as 
paragraph (d). Initially proposed Sec.  5.56(c)(1)(i) read:

    The provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section apply only 
when the reports described in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section 
relate to examination or treatment of a disability for which 
service-connection has previously been established or when a claim 
specifying the benefit sought is received within 1 year after the 
date of an examination, treatment, or hospital admission described 
in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.

    We have not repeated the quoted language of initially proposed 
paragraph (c)(1)(i) in redesignated paragraph (d)(1)(i). The first 
clause of the initially proposed language, as with the equivalent 
language in Sec.  3.157(b)(1), stated, ``The provisions of paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section apply only when the reports described in 
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section relate to examination or treatment 
of a disability for which service-connection has previously been 
established''. The purpose of this language is to emphasize that 
medical records will not be considered a claim for service connection 
for a disability. As stated, however, it would preclude the reports 
described from being a claim for pension. VA has never applied the rule 
to reject records from a VA or uniformed service medical facility as a 
claim for pension following a prior grant or denial of pension. We 
therefore propose to remove the language to avoid such a misapplication 
of the rule.
    The language in the quotation above (Sec.  5.56(c)(1)(i)) also 
tracks language from current Sec.  3.157 that was intended to govern a 
situation in which a claimant obtained treatment for a service-
connected disability and during that treatment, the examiner noted the 
existence of another disability. Before 1962, 38 U.S.C. 3011 had 
described an award of increased disability compensation or pension as 
``an award of increased compensation . . . or pension (amending, 
reopening, or supplementing a previous award, authorizing any payments 
not previously authorized to the individual involved)''. 38 U.S.C. 3011 
(1958). Thus, the law seemed to provide that a claim for increase 
included a claim for additional disability compensation based on a new 
disability, if the veteran was already receiving disability 
compensation. However, that language has long since been repealed. See 
Public Law 87-825, sec. 5(a), 76 Stat. 948, 950 (Oct. 15, 1962). 
Current law does not provide for the possibility of assigning a 1-year 
retroactive effective date of disability compensation awarded based on 
a new disability (unless the claim for disability compensation is 
received no later than 1 year after the veteran is discharged from 
service, see 38 U.S.C. 5110(b)(1)). In this and other respects, current 
law does not treat a claim for disability compensation based on a new 
disability in the same manner as a claim for increased disability 
compensation based on an increase in the severity of a disability that 
is already service connected. Thus, this regulation governing the 
consideration of medical evidence as a claim can no longer apply to a 
claim based on a disability not previously claimed. This is consistent 
with our analysis of the first sentence of current Sec.  3.157(b), 
discussed above, in which we explained why the part 5 rule will not 
refer to a prior claim having been ``disallowed'' or to a claim needing 
to be reopened.
    One commenter suggested that the meaning of the phrase ``or when a 
claim specifying the benefit sought'' that had been used in initially 
proposed Sec.  5.56(c)(1)(i) should be explained more thoroughly. The 
commenter noted some confusion concerning its meaning based

[[Page 71070]]

on the dissent in Ross v. Peake, 21 Vet. App. 534 (2008) (Order denying 
full-court consideration) (Judge Kasold, dissenting).
    As stated above, the language ``or when a claim specifying the 
benefit sought'' is a vestige of a statute that is no longer in effect. 
We are not using the phrase in part 5, and therefore we do not need to 
further explain its meaning.
    Regarding the Ross dissent, Judge Kasold interpreted a similar 
provision in current Sec.  3.157 as providing an earlier effective date 
for claims for secondary service connection. This view, however, 
directly contradicts the holding of the Federal Circuit in MacPhee v. 
Nicholson, 459 F.3d 1323 (Fed. Cir. 2006). Judge Kasold believed that 
Sec.  3.157 ``envisions a claim for increased compensation based on a 
disability for which service connection has not yet been granted.'' 
Ross, 21 Vet. App. at 535. In MacPhee, however, the Federal Circuit 
held that an informal claim pursuant to Sec.  3.157 ``must be for a 
condition that not only has been the subject of a prior claim, but the 
condition must also have been previously found to be service 
connected.'' MacPhee, 459 F.3d at 1326. Thus, Sec.  3.157 does not 
support the assertion that a claim for benefits for a separate 
disability may be considered a claim for increased disability 
compensation.
    The sources of evidence that can constitute a claim under paragraph 
(d)(1) (initially proposed paragraph (c)(1)) are regrouped in paragraph 
(d)(1)(ii) as (d)(1)(ii)(A) through (D), according to date of claim 
that results from submission of the particular evidence. Though this 
makes a fourth level of designation in the rule, it should enhance 
readability.
    Initially proposed paragraph (c)(3)(i), regarding evidence from 
state and other institutions, stated, ``Benefits will be granted if the 
records are adequate for rating purposes; otherwise findings will be 
verified by official examination.'' We propose to change ``official'' 
to ``VA'', to make clear that the official examination to which the 
sentence refers is a VA examination. We also propose to add the phrase, 
``and demonstrate entitlement to an increased rating, to pension, or to 
special monthly pension'' after ``rating purposes'' to clarify that 
mere receipt of such evidence does not establish entitlement to 
benefits.
    Initially proposed paragraph (c)(3)(ii) included the phrase ``and 
entitlement is shown'', derived from current Sec.  3.157(b)(3), as a 
condition on the date of VA receipt of evidence from state and other 
institutions as the date of a claim. Neither Sec.  3.157(b)(1) nor 
(b)(2) contains such a restriction. We therefore propose to remove this 
language because if the claimant does not eventually establish 
entitlement to the benefit, then the date of receipt of the claim has 
no legal significance. Therefore, the language, ``and entitlement is 
shown'' is superfluous.
    Finally, we propose to revise initially proposed paragraph (d), 
``Liberalizing law or VA issue'', for clarity and to redesignate it as 
paragraph (e).

Sec.  5.57 Claims Definitions

    We propose to revise the format of this regulation to be consistent 
with the format of other regulations that provide definitions. We 
propose to revise the title of the regulation to be, ``Claims 
definitions'', because it more clearly indicates the contents of the 
regulation.
    We also propose to restate and expand the scope of the definitions. 
The initially proposed rule, like current Sec.  3.160 from which it 
derives, stated that the definitions applied to claims for pension, 
disability compensation, and DIC. VA administratively processes claims 
under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 in the same manner as VA processes pension, 
disability compensation, and DIC. Therefore, we propose to restate the 
scope of Sec.  5.57 as applying to claims for disability benefits, 
death benefits, or monetary allowance for a veteran's child under 38 
U.S.C. chapter 18. The proposed change to ``disability benefits'' and 
to ``death benefits'' (from ``pension, disability compensation, and 
dependency and indemnity compensation'') better harmonizes the scope of 
the regulation with the regulations on claims for disability and for 
death benefits. See Sec. Sec.  5.51 and 5.52.
    We propose to remove initially proposed paragraph (a), definition 
of ``formal claim''. As initially proposed, the definition, ``A claim 
filed on the application required'', was impracticable. There are 
benefits for which VA does not have an application, for example 
benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151. Moreover, as a result of revision of 
several other proposed regulations, the term does not appear in part 5 
other than in its definition. There is no need to define a term that is 
not used.
    We propose to redesignate initially proposed paragraph (b), 
``Informal claim'', as paragraph (a).
    We propose to redesignate initially proposed paragraph (c), 
``Original claim'', as paragraph (b). We propose to revise the 
definition to state, ``Original claim means the first claim VA receives 
from a person for disability benefits, for death benefits, or for 
monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18.'' This restatement 
eliminates the term ``formal claim''. It is the lack of a prior claim 
for any disability, death, or chapter 18 benefit that makes a claim the 
original claim for the benefit.
    It is confusing to define the original claim as ``the initial 
formal claim''. More significantly, it is fallacious. Even if we kept 
the definition of ``formal claim'' as a claim filed on a prescribed 
application, the lack of an application for some benefits would make 
the initially proposed definition of ``original claim'' impracticable. 
If an original claim must be an application and there is no application 
for some benefits, then there cannot be an original claim for some 
benefits. That conclusion is untenable.
    We also propose to add ``from a person'' to be clear that when two 
or more claimants each file a claim for the same benefit, each claim 
will be the original claim for that person. For example, two siblings 
each filing a claim for DIC based on the death of the same veteran 
would each have an original claim. This was not apparent in the 
initially proposed regulation.
    We propose to remove initially proposed paragraph (e), ``Finally 
adjudicated claim''. It is essentially redundant of the definition of 
``final decision'' in Sec.  5.1. The definition of ``final decision'' 
in Sec.  5.1 encompasses the definition of ``finally adjudicated 
claim'' in Sec.  3.160(e), but it is more precise. The procedural 
posture of finality of VA decisions applies to VA claim adjudication 
more broadly than just to claims for pension, disability compensation, 
DIC, and monetrary allowances under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18. For that 
reason, it is more appropriate for the rule defining finality to be in 
Sec.  5.1 than in Sec.  5.57, which has a limited scope.
    One commenter objected to the title of Sec.  5.57(f), ``Reopened 
claim'', asserting that the title is misleading because the paragraph 
does not describe what a reopened claim is and is not consistent with 
how VA and the courts have used the term. This commenter felt that a 
better title would be, ``Claim to reopen.'' We agree that ``reopened 
claim'' is inaccurate. As noted by the commenter, this paragraph 
concerns submission of evidence, information, or an assertion of 
entitlement to a procedure applicable to a previously decided claim. 
Such submission of evidence, information, or an assertion of 
entitlement to a procedure applicable to a previously decided claim may 
not always result in the claim being reopened. We propose to use the 
suggested phrase ``claim to reopen''. However, we propose to do so in 
the context of moving the paragraph

[[Page 71071]]

to Sec.  5.55(a), as we discussed above regarding Sec.  5.55.

Duties of VA; Rights and Responsibilities of Claimants and 
Beneficiaries AL82

General Comment on VA Claims Process

    One private individual submitted a comment concerning the length of 
time VA takes to process a claim and his dislike of the appeal process. 
This comment is outside the scope of these proposed regulations, and we 
therefore propose to make no changes based on this comment.

Sec.  5.80 Rights to Representation

    Two commenters suggested that this initially proposed section was 
deficient in its scope. They expressed a belief that a claimant or 
beneficiary should be given notice of the right to representation 
throughout the adjudicative process, not only when VA sends notice of a 
decision or a proposed reduction, discontinuance, or other adverse 
action. Both expressed the opinion that VA should notify the claimant 
of the right to representation at the beginning of the claims process.
    It has been VA's long-standing practice to provide notice to 
claimants of the right to representation in VA's initial response to 
the claimant after VA receives a substantially complete application. We 
propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.80 to state that written 
notice concerning the right to representation will be included in the 
initial response VA sends to the claimant after receipt of a 
substantially complete application.
    One commenter noted that initially proposed Sec.  5.80 failed to 
set out in detail the crucial role of the representative in the 
adjudicative process. Another commenter urged VA to include in 
initially proposed Sec.  5.80 the limitations on hiring an attorney.
    Part 3 regulations do not describe the role of representatives in 
the adjudicative process or the limitations of hiring an attorney and 
we do not believe part 5 should either. The rights, duties, limitations 
and role of a representative are in 38 CFR 14.626--14.637. The first 
sentence of Sec.  5.80 refers the reader to those sections. We are 
making no changes in the language of the regulation in response to 
these comments. We have, however, added a cross reference at the end of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.80 to 38 CFR 19.25, ``Notification by agency 
of original jurisdiction of right to appeal'', which requires that VA 
include the right to representation in its notice of an adverse 
decision on a claim.
    One commenter urged VA to include a provision acknowledging the 
right of both the claimant and the claimant's representative to 
automatically receive copies of evidence secured by VA. The commenter 
asserted that access to the evidence developed and relied upon by VA to 
reach its decision is crucial to proper notice and is a fundamental due 
process right.
    A veteran and representative are entitled to a copy of the evidence 
or other written records contained within a veteran's claims file in 
accordance with the provisions of 38 U.S.C. 5701(b)(1), as implemented 
in 38 CFR 1.503. The veteran or representative must make a written 
request for the copies of the evidence in accordance with the 
provisions of 38 U.S.C. 5702(a). See 38 CFR 1.526. The procedures for a 
veteran and the representative to obtain copies of the evidence used in 
deciding a claim have been established by statute and VA has 
implemented these procedures in our regulations. If VA adopted the rule 
that the commenter urges, it would require VA to copy and mail every 
document it acquires regardless of its relevance to the veteran's 
claim. We do not believe that it would be an appropriate use of VA's 
limited resources to automatically provide both the claimant and the 
claimant's representative with copies of every piece of evidence that 
VA secures.
    The procedures provided in current statutes and regulations do not 
infringe on the claimant's due process rights. The claimant has the 
right to notice of the evidence VA will attempt to obtain on the 
claimant's behalf, of the evidence the claimant has the responsibility 
to obtain and submit, and of the decision on the claim. If the decision 
is adverse, the notice must include a discussion of the evidence 
considered and the reasons and bases for the decision and it must 
include the claimant's appellate rights. The claimant may, upon written 
request, generally obtain a copy of the evidence used in making the 
decision on the claim. Since our regulations already provide for the 
result the commenter requested, though not in the manner urged by the 
commenter, we propose to make no changes based on this comment.

Sec.  5.81 Submission of Information, Evidence, or Argument

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.81(a), ``Submissions included in the 
record'', referred to submissions ``that a claimant offers. . .'' One 
commenter asserted that Sec.  5.81(a) failed to specify that a 
claimant's recognized representative has the authority to raise issues 
on behalf of a claimant.
    As stated in our response to a similar comment on initially 
proposed Sec.  5.80, part 3 regulations do not describe the role of 
representatives in the adjudicative process or the limitations of 
hiring an attorney and we do not believe part 5 should either. 
Initially proposed Sec.  5.81(a) was not intended to regulate the 
specific authority of a claimant's or beneficiary's representative. 
This information is codified in Sec. Sec.  14.626-14.637, to which 
Sec.  5.80 refers, and to include it in part 5 would be redundant. We 
therefore propose to make no change based on this comment.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.81(a), we used the term ``record of 
proceeding'' twice. We have substituted the term ``evidence of record'' 
to be consistent with the other part 5 regulations. This regulation was 
the only one in part 5 to use the term ``record of proceeding''.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.81(b) stated:

    Information, evidence, or argument may be submitted by a 
claimant or beneficiary, or, where applicable, through a guardian or 
fiduciary acting on his or her behalf. Unless specifically provided 
otherwise in this part, a claimant's or beneficiary's authorized 
representative may submit information, evidence, or argument 
pursuant to any section of this part that allows or requires 
submission of information, evidence or argument.

    Two commenters expressed concern with this paragraph as implying 
some new restriction on a representative's authority to submit material 
on behalf of a client. One commenter argued that this section is 
inappropriate because an authorized representative stands in the same 
position as the client and should be allowed to submit evidence and 
arguments as if he is the claimant or beneficiary. The same commenter 
suggested inserting the phrase ``or their authorized representative'' 
after ``beneficiary'' and deleting the second sentence.
    We did not intend to constrain an authorized representative's role 
or authority in the VA claims process. After reviewing initially 
proposed Sec.  5.81(b) because of the comments received, however, we 
noted that all the information contained in the paragraph is also in 
other regulations. Section 1.524 provides for the right of a fiduciary, 
representative, attorney, or other authorized person to represent the 
claimant. Sections 13.1, et seq., and 14.626-14.637 provide specific 
provisions concerning these representatives. Because other regulations 
provide for the rights and duties provided in initially proposed Sec.  
5.81(b), and do so in greater detail,

[[Page 71072]]

Sec.  5.81(b) is redundant, and we propose to remove it.

Sec.  5.82 Right to a Hearing

    We propose to add language to initially proposed Sec.  5.82(a) to 
make clear that the section pertains only to hearings in claims at the 
agency of original jurisdiction level of adjudication. We propose to 
change ``claimants'' to ``claimants and beneficiaries'', except in 
paragraph (f), to make clear that the rules in Sec.  5.82 apply to 
claimants and to current beneficiaries. Paragraph (f) pertains only to 
hearings in response to a VA proposal to take adverse action regarding 
a beneficiary's benefits. Finally, we propose to change ``claim'' to 
``matter'' to clarify that if a beneficiary requests a hearing to give 
testimony or evidence on whether VA should take adverse action against 
the beneficiary's benefits, such a hearing is within the scope of Sec.  
5.82.
    Further review of the initially proposed regulation revealed a 
contradiction between paragraphs (a)(1) and (f). Initially proposed 
paragraph (a)(1) provided for one hearing ``at any time on any issue''. 
Initially proposed paragraph (f) provided, as does current Sec.  
3.105(i) from which it derives, that a beneficiary must request a 
hearing on the issue of reduction, discontinuance or other adverse VA 
action within 30 days after receipt of a notice of VA's proposal to 
take the adverse action. Therefore, a hearing under paragraph (f) is 
not available ``at any time on any issue''. We propose to reconcile the 
two paragraphs by beginning paragraph (a)(1), ``Except as provided in 
paragraph (f),''. This is not a change from current regulation. Compare 
Sec. Sec.  3.103(c) (``a hearing on any issue at any time'') with 
3.105(i) (``a predetermination hearing [if] a request . . . is received 
within 30 days''). It merely clarifies the relationship between 
paragraphs (a) and (f). This relationship exists between Sec. Sec.  
3.103(c) and 3.105(i), but it becomes obvious when the provisions are 
consolidated in a single section.
    We propose to revise the second to last sentence of initially 
proposed Sec.  5.82(a), removing the statement entitling a veteran to a 
hearing before the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board). Instead, we 
propose to add a cross reference to the introduction to make the reader 
aware of Board hearings and to distinguish between hearings at the AOJ 
and at the appellate levels of adjudication. We propose this change 
because 38 CFR part 20 provides for the right to a hearing before the 
Board, and it is not appropriate to regulate Board hearings in part 5.
    The initially proposed rule allowed, ``one hearing before the 
agency of original jurisdiction at any time on any issue or issues 
involved in a pending claim before the agency of original 
jurisdiction'' and permitted one additional hearing ``if the claimant 
asserts that: he or she has discovered a new witness or new evidence to 
substantiate the claim; he or she can present that witness or evidence 
only at an oral hearing; and the witness or evidence could not have 
been presented at the original hearing.'' Four commenters asserted that 
the limitation in initially proposed Sec.  5.82 on the number of 
hearings allowed was too restrictive. For the reasons stated in 
response to specific comments, we disagree that the regulation is too 
restrictive and we reject each of the reasons argued for keeping the 
current rule.
    One commenter asserted that the ``one-hearing rule'' diminishes 
claimants' right to due process because it is inconsistent with the 
VA's tradition of giving claimants the opportunity to continue to 
produce and submit evidence or argument as a claim develops. It might 
be true that the one-hearing rule could inhibit ongoing production of 
evidence or argument throughout the time a claim is pending, if a 
personal hearing were the only way to submit evidence or argument to 
the record in a claim, but it is not. Section 5.81, the regulation 
governing submission of evidence and argument generally, could scarcely 
be more permissive regarding entering material into the record in a 
claim: A claimant may submit virtually anything, at almost any time, by 
nearly any means. Nothing in Sec.  5.82 diminishes the right to submit 
material to the record in a claim throughout the time the claim is 
pending, except as limited by the rules of the Board of Veterans' 
Appeals for submission of material after the AOJ transfers a claim to 
the Board on appeal. 38 CFR 20.1304.
    The same commenter asserted the rule is inconsistent with the 
current due process right to a hearing before the initial decision on a 
claim. The commenter requested that we include a provision informing 
the veteran of the right to a hearing before VA makes a decision on a 
claim. We interpret the comment to express concern that an adverse 
decision in a claim could bias a subsequent decision-makers, and that a 
claimant would have to overcome that bias in a subsequent hearing. 
Initially proposed paragraph (d) provided that ``a VA employee or 
employees having decision-making authority and who did not previously 
participate in the case will conduct the hearing.'' The comment offered 
no basis to believe that a VA official conducting a hearing would not 
be impartial, and we propose to make no change to preempt a bias that 
is not demonstrated.
    To the extent the commenter is concerned about lack of notice to 
the claimant of the right to a hearing before the decision on a claim, 
VA does notify claimants of the right to a personal hearing at any 
time, including before VA has decided a claim. See, for example, VA 
Form 21-526, instructions page 6, Veteran's Application for 
Compensation and/or Pension (Jan. 2004), or VA Form 21-534, 
instructions page 2, Application for Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation, Death Pension and Accrued Benefits by a Surviving Spouse 
or Child (Including Death Compensation if Applicable). Because VA 
already provides this information to claimants, we propose to make no 
change based on this comment.
    Absent the discovery of a new witness or evidence, there is no 
valid reason to hold an additional hearing. A single hearing provides 
full and fair opportunity to place demeanor evidence in front of the 
decision maker, which satisfies a primary object of personal hearings. 
The one-hearing rule with its paragraph (a)(2) allowance for a second 
hearing under the stated circumstances provides a fair and rational 
balance between the rights of the claimant and the resources of the 
department. Repeated interruption of the adjudication process for 
hearings can result in confusion about the evidence to review and in 
interminable delay, both of the claims subjected to repeated hearings 
and to the progress of the claims of others who wait their turn. These 
are not inconsequential concerns. If a claimant wants to submit new 
arguments, he or she may do so in writing at any time. We therefore 
propose to make no changes based on these comments.
    Another commenter asserted that the provision for an additional 
hearing is likely to result in VA arbitrarily refusing an additional 
hearing that a claimant would use to respond to evidence that entered 
the record subsequent to the first hearing, resulting in limiting a 
claimant to one hearing in almost all circumstances. After noting the 
criteria for a second hearing in paragraph (a)(2), the commenter 
asserted that paragraph (a)(2) should provide for additional hearings 
``when warranted by circumstances'' or ``for good cause'' and authorize 
VA to refuse a second, third, or further additional hearing ``when 
clearly unwarranted.'' The commenter asserted that there are many

[[Page 71073]]

circumstances that would warrant an additional hearing that would not 
meet the criteria in paragraph (a)(2). The commenter asserted that the 
claimant should be able to testify to additional matters even though 
the testimony would not amount to newly discovered evidence or present 
a different witness. The commenter further asserted that paragraph 
(a)(2) would allow a claimant a second hearing for a new witness to 
testify in corroboration of prior testimony, that is, to provide 
cumulative testimony. The commenter concluded that the several 
requirements for a second hearing, including that the hearing be the 
only way to present the evidence or testimony, is a license for refusal 
by VA personnel to afford a supplemental hearing in virtually all 
cases.
    We recognize the commenter's concern that the one-hearing rule will 
thwart a claimant's legitimate desire to respond to developments during 
the pendency of the claim. The threshold for obtaining a second 
hearing, however, is a mere assertion of the factors in the exception 
paragraph. We see no basis for the speculation that VA will probably 
refuse almost all requests. It seems likely that a claimant's desire to 
testify or present witnesses or evidence to rebut evidence that entered 
the record after a prior hearing is exactly a situation in which the 
claimant could not have adduced the new evidence or witnesses' 
testimony before the evidence it would rebut was of record.
    We do not agree that the standards for obtaining a second hearing 
invite arbitrary or capricious refusal of requests for second hearings, 
or even that VA will deny most requests. Rather, the rule the commenter 
proposed ``where circumstances warrant,'' or ``for good cause,'' but 
``not when clearly unwarranted'' are completely devoid of a standard of 
application; they seem far more likely to result in inconsistent 
application than do the paragraph (a)(2) criteria.
    More basically, the commenter would have VA afford additional 
hearings even though the claimant would present no new witness or 
evidence; even though the claimant could present the testimony of a new 
witness, or new evidence, without a hearing; and even though the 
claimant knew of the witness, evidence or argument at the time of the 
first hearing and could have presented them. The commenter ``concede[d] 
that VA has a legitimate interest in preventing duplicative and 
unnecessary hearings,'' a point with which we do agree. We conclude 
that the one hearing rule with the paragraph (a)(2) exception provides 
full and fair hearing process to each claimant.
    A commenter objecting that Sec.  5.82(a) would limit a long-
standing right to unlimited hearings, asserted that VA had not provided 
an adequate rationale for its proposed fundamental change in its 
historic and traditional hearing practice. The preceding paragraphs 
state additional rationale for the change. Additionally, we do not 
agree that the change is fundamental, because VA hearing practice will 
continue to serve every function it has under current Sec.  3.103(c).
    The commenter further asserted that ``Congress has codified and 
ratified the agency's traditional practice of providing claimants with 
multiple opportunities to appear for personal hearings.'' The commenter 
asserted that Congress is presumed to be aware of and adopt an 
administrative interpretation of a statute when it reenacts the statute 
without change, citing Young v.Cmty. Nutrition Inst., 476 U.S. 974, 983 
(1986). The commenter reiterated this point regarding additional 
hearings at the AOJ after the Board remands a claim if the claimant had 
a hearing before Board review of the claim. The commenter asserted that 
Congress intended VA to continue its existing practice regarding 
hearings at the AOJ when it enacted the Veterans' Judicial Review Act 
of 1988, Public Law 100-687, 102 Stat. 4105 (1988), and the Veterans 
Claims Assistance Act of 2000, Public Law 106-475, 104 Stat. 2096 (Nov. 
9, 2000), without changing the law governing provision, number, or 
timing of VA personal hearings. The commenter did not identify a 
statute the reenactment of which constituted Congressional adoption of 
38 CFR 3.103(c), from which Sec.  5.82(a) derives. Neither of the 
statutes cited addresses VA hearing practice. We are aware of no 
statute that does.
    The right-to-a-hearing rule in Sec.  3.103(c) is VA's creation, 
promulgated under the Secretary's general rule-making authority in 38 
U.S.C. 501(a). Moreover, as judicial precedent specific to VA clearly 
shows, congressional silence on a regulation is not necessarily 
adoption or endorsement of the regulation, or even an indication that 
Congress is aware of the regulation. Brown v.Gardner, 513 U.S. 115, 
120-21 (1994) (Sixty-year congressional silence about VA regulation did 
not ratify it; language of statute was plain, record of congressional 
discussion preceding reenactment of the predecessor statute made no 
reference to VA regulation and there was no other evidence to suggest 
Congress was even aware of VA's interpretive provision). Certainly, 
where VA's rule on hearings does not derive from a statute on hearings, 
Congress's silence about the matter does not imply a congressional view 
of the regulation. The cases the commenter cited for the proposition 
that congressional failure to revise a regulation is endorsement of it 
were instances of congressional action on a statute to which a certain 
regulation related.
    The commenter also asserted as fact that ``the legislative history 
associated with congressional oversight of the agency shows that 
Congress knew about VA's practices governing personal hearings and did 
not indicate that it disagreed with the agency's practices.'' As we 
noted above, congressional silence about a practice is not necessarily 
evidence of congressional endorsement. Id., at 120-21. Silence about an 
agency practice in the context of congressional knowledge and 
consideration of a matter could, however, be significant. The House 
Committee on Veterans' Affairs was authorized by enactment of the 
``Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946.'' Public Law 79-601, sec. 
121(a). See http://veterans.house.gov/history/ (World Wide Web site of 
the House Committee, visited Dec. 2, 2009). The Committee has oversight 
responsibility for VA, which it exercises through the Subcommittee on 
Oversight and Investigations. See http://veterans.house.gov/oversight/ 
(World Wide Web site of the oversight subcommittee, visited Dec. 2, 
2009). The commenter does not cite any history of the Subcommittee on 
Oversight and Investigations documenting its knowledge or viewpoint on 
VA hearing practice, or say when during the more than 60-year history 
of congressional oversight of veterans affairs an this expression of 
knowledge happened. We are not aware of any history of congressional 
oversight showing endorsement of VA hearing practice. Consequently, we 
propose to make no change in the initially proposed regulation based on 
the assertion that congressional oversight history shows that Congress 
has approved current practice.
    The same commenter objected to the language in initially proposed 
Sec.  5.82(a)(1) precluding a claimant who had a hearing prior to an 
appeal to the Board from having a second hearing if the Board remands 
the case, except as paragraph (a)(2) provides. The commenter quoted 
from the AL82 NPRM, emphasizing the discussion of current Sec.  
3.103(c), which stated, ``The VA official conducting the hearing is 
obligated to elicit any information or evidence not already of record 
in

[[Page 71074]]

support of the benefit claimed.'' 70 FR 24680, 24683, May 10, 2005. The 
commenter asserted that ``as is so often the case, the requirements of 
the law, [sic] are conveniently forgotten by VA litigation counsel when 
a veteran appeals to the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.'' 
The commenter cited the Secretary's brief in Colon v. Nicholson, 21 
Vet. App. 96 (2006) (table, unpublished decision), WL 2105515 (text), 
as an example of VA excusing the failure of a hearing officer to 
execute the regulatory mandate to explain the issues and suggest 
evidence to submit. The commenter quoted a passage from the brief that 
asserted that the appellant could have cured the failure of the 
Regional Office hearing officer to consider and discuss an issue in the 
case by having another personal hearing or by other means after the 
Board had remanded the case. The commenter argued that VA's argument in 
Colon ``demonstrates . . . why VA should not limit a claimant's right 
to appear for personal hearings.''
    VA's arguments or litigation strategy in a case on appeal to the 
court is beyond the scope of this rulemaking, Whatever the argument or 
reason for an argument raised in litigation, litigation of a VA claim 
is far downstream in the claims process from the hearings for which 
Sec.  5.82 provides. The commenter asserted that VA's argument in Colon 
``shows that [VA's] litigation counsel have no qualms whatsoever in 
presenting argument . . . to undermine the legal effect of the agency's 
binding regulations.'' The commenter essentially argues that VA should 
allow unlimited hearings because far downstream from the hearing the 
Secretary's counsel might argue to the court that a failure to follow a 
regulation was a harmless error in a specific case. We do not agree 
that a right to unlimited hearings is likely to preempt an argument at 
litigation, nor is that an appropriate object of regulation.
    The commenter implicitly raised another point worth addressing, 
that is, whether there is a cure for a defective hearing, and if so, 
whether the one-hearing rule thwarts that right. In practice, another 
hearing would cure a defect in the original hearing, and the one-
hearing rule will not inhibit that remedy. VA and its hearing officers 
have various duties in conducting hearings, such as to explain all 
issues and suggest the submission of evidence the claimant might have 
overlooked. A right to unlimited hearings is an overly broad remedy for 
a defective hearing, because it would result in many redundant hearings 
in cases in which the initial hearing had comprehensively addressed all 
issues and fully provided due process.
    If a hearing was defective, the claimant can assert so to the AOJ, 
or on appeal to the Board. A defective hearing would not be legally 
sufficient to satisfy the claimant's right to one hearing. The claimant 
would be in the position of not having had a hearing. The one-hearing 
rule in paragraph (a)(1) would not bar repeating the hearing to cure 
the defect, and the claimant would not be subject to the criteria in 
paragraph (a)(2) to obtain the new hearing. The claimant could obtain 
this new hearing from the AOJ. If the claimant appeals an adverse 
decision to the Board, the claimant can assert the deficiency in the 
hearing. A Board remand to cure a deficiency in a personal hearing 
would not be subject to the rule against post-remand hearings in 
paragraph (a)(1), because it would require AOJ implementation of a 
specific order within the Board's authority. 38 CFR 19.9. Consequently, 
the one-hearing rule does not raise the specter of deficient hearings 
without a remedy for the claimant. Moreover, a remand from the Board 
alone is not sufficient reason for another hearing in light of the 
reasons expressed above for the one-hearing rule. If a remand from the 
Board orders development of evidence, or otherwise results in the 
conditions that meet the criteria for an additional hearing in 
paragraph (a)(2), then the claimant can obtain the additional hearing. 
We propose to make no change to the rule based on the comment.
    We propose to reorganize initially proposed paragraph (a)(2) to 
make its three criteria visually clear by designating them (i), (ii), 
and (iii).
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.82(b) stated, in pertinent part, that, 
``[t]he purpose of a hearing under this section is to provide the 
claimant with an opportunity to introduce into the record of 
proceedings, in person, any available evidence, arguments, or 
contentions which he or she considers important to the case.'' One 
commenter asserted that the term ``contention'' is redundant of the 
term ``argument,'' and that VA adjudicators often dismiss testimonial 
evidence as ``mere contentions'', citing Hatlestad v. Derwinski, 1 Vet. 
App. 164, 169-70 (1991).
    Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 269 (11th ed. 2006), 
defines ``contention'' as ``a point advanced or maintained in a debate 
or argument''. The term ``argument'' includes the term ``contention''. 
We agree that it is unnecessary to include both terms in Sec.  5.82(b) 
and we propose to remove the word ``contentions''.
    We propose to make an additional change to initially proposed Sec.  
5.82(b) by removing the last sentence, that states, ``[t]estimony at a 
hearing will be under oath or affirmation.'' We propose this change 
because the requirement that the testimony be under oath or affirmation 
is also found in Sec.  5.82(d)(2), where it is more clearly expressed. 
Including this requirement in Sec.  5.82(b) is redundant and 
unnecessary. We propose to revise the title of this paragraph to remove 
the reference to the requirement for oath or affirmation.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.82(d)(1) stated, in pertinent part, 
``[t]he employee or employees will establish a record of the hearing 
and will issue a decision after the hearing'', which is substantially 
similar to the language in current Sec.  3.103(c)(1). One commenter 
asserted that the phrase ``a record of the hearing'' is too vague and 
urged VA to clarify that testimony cannot be ``manipulated, 
paraphrased, or summarized like minutes of a meeting.'' The commenter 
urged that the witness's exact words and complete statements be made a 
part of the record.
    VA normally transcribes the recording of the hearing and includes 
the transcript of the hearing in the record of evidence. However, it 
would be inappropriate to require by regulation that a transcript be 
prepared for every hearing. There are several reasons why the recording 
of the hearing may not be transcribed. For example, the VA employee 
conducting the hearing may determine that all benefits sought should be 
granted. If all benefits sought are granted, there is no reason to 
expend resources to transcribe the recording of the hearing or to delay 
the promulgation of the decision while waiting for the recording to be 
transcribed. The decision granting the benefit would summarize the 
hearing testimony. Also, the claimant may withdraw the claim during the 
conduct of the hearing. In such situations, there is no need for a 
transcript. In either of these examples, the claimant would gain 
nothing by the VA's expenditure of resources in transcribing the 
recording of the hearing. Finally, VA puts a transcript of the hearing 
in the claims file if the claimant or beneficiary initiates an appeal 
from a decision. The verbatim testimony is thus part of the evidence of 
record when the claimant or beneficiary seeks appellate review. To 
require by regulation that a transcript of the recording of every 
hearing be prepared would not assist the claimant and would 
unnecessarily expend VA resources.
    Currently, VA prepares a transcript of the hearing if the VA 
employee

[[Page 71075]]

conducting the hearing needs one in making a decision on the claim, if 
the claimant (or the claimant's representative) requests a copy, or if 
the claim is to be sent to the Board of Veterans Appeals. If the 
recording of the hearing is not transcribed, the recording of the 
hearing is placed in the claims folder so that if the hearing needs to 
be transcribed later, the tape or other recording medium is available. 
The current procedures adequately protect the claimant's interests 
while providing VA with greater efficiency in using our resources. We 
propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    One commenter urged VA to require in Sec.  5.82(d)(3) that 
adjudicators conducting hearings make express credibility findings on 
the record concerning the sworn, personal hearing testimony of 
claimants and other witnesses. The commenter averred that VA hearing 
officials deciding claims regularly fail to state the reasons for 
rejecting sworn hearing testimony. The commenter asserted that a 
requirement that hearing officers make specific credibility findings is 
necessary to compel hearing officers to include the contribution of his 
or her assessment of the credibility of hearing testimony in the 
statement of reasons for a decision.
    We decline to make this suggested addition. Such findings are 
already required by initially proposed Sec.  5.83(a), which requires VA 
to send each claimant a decision that explains, ``[if] a claim is not 
fully granted, the reason for the decision and a summary of the 
evidence considered. . . .'' Additionally, if VA were to specifically 
require VA personnel conducting hearings to determine the credibility 
of oral hearing testimony, the requirement could be misconstrued as 
emphasizing that type of testimony over others, or that they need not 
make credibility findings on other types of testimony or evidence. A 
finding as to credibility of testimony, or of any evidence, is 
fundamental to all weighing of evidence. See Barr v. Nicholson, 21 Vet. 
App. 303, 310 (2007) (``On remand, the finder of fact must consider the 
credibility and weight of Mr. Barr's statement, and any other competent 
lay or medical evidence''); see also, Layno v. Brown, 6 Vet. App. 465, 
469 (1994) (Credibility is a matter to consider after evidence or 
testimony has been admitted). We agree with the commenter's statement 
that testimony is evidence, and that the Secretary must consider ``all 
information and lay and medical evidence of record''. 38 U.S.C. 5107(b) 
(Benefit of the doubt). That does not mean that regulation must 
specifically require credibility findings as to hearing testimony. The 
lack of a finding of credibility of hearing testimony, as with a 
failure to assess the credibility of any testimony or evidence, can be 
the basis on appeal of an assertion that VA failed to state its reasons 
or bases for a decision. We propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.82(e)(1) stated, ``Normally, VA will not 
schedule a hearing for the sole purpose of receiving argument from a 
representative.'' This was based on current 38 CFR 3.103(c)(2) which 
states, ``The Veterans Benefits Administration will not normally 
schedule a hearing for the sole purpose of receiving argument from a 
representative.'' In reviewing Sec.  5.82 to respond to comments, we 
noted that paragraph (e)(1) provides no guidance on when VA will 
schedule a hearing for the sole purpose of receiving argument from a 
representative. Title 38 CFR 20.700(b) states, in pertinent part, 
``Requests for appearances by representatives alone to personally 
present argument to Members of the Board may be granted if good cause 
is shown. Whether good cause has been shown will be determined by the 
presiding Member assigned to conduct the hearing.'' We believe that 
applying a good cause standard to hearings at the agency of original 
jurisdiction would be fair to claimants and beneficiaries, and 
administratively efficient for VA, so we propose to add that standard 
to paragraph (e)(1).
    We propose to reorganize initially proposed Sec.  5.82(e)(3) (now 
renumbered as paragraph (e)(4)) to make clear that it addresses failure 
to report for a hearing under any circumstance. Paragraph (e)(4)(i) 
addresses failure to report without good cause Paragraph (e)(4)(ii) 
addresses failure to report with good cause and the responsibility of 
the claimant or beneficiary to request rescheduling.
    One commenter urged VA to add a provision to Sec.  5.82(e) on 
rescheduling hearings upon receipt of a reasonable request from a 
claimant or beneficiary. VA's long-standing practice has been to inform 
claimants and beneficiaries, in the letter scheduling their hearing, 
how to contact VA to reschedule the hearing. Based on the comment, we 
have added a new paragraph (e)(3) stating, ``If a claimant or 
beneficiary is unable to attend a scheduled hearing, he or she may 
contact VA in advance to reschedule the hearing for a date and time 
which is acceptable to both parties.''
    Similarly, another commenter argued that VA should provide a 
claimant with a right to reschedule a hearing if the claimant missed 
the originally scheduled hearing for good cause. In our view, a request 
to reschedule is reasonable if the claimant failed to report for good 
cause. VA's long-standing practice has been that if a claimant fails to 
attend the hearing with good cause, VA will reschedule the hearing. We 
agree with the commenter that it would helpful to include this in 
paragraph (e) and we now propose to add such language.
    We reviewed initially proposed Sec.  5.82 in connection with this 
comment, and determined that it might be unclear whether the hearing 
procedures discussed in paragraphs (a) through (e) apply to 
``predetermination hearings'' under paragraph (f). We propose to revise 
(f) by adding the word ``Additional'' before the paragraph heading. It 
now reads, ``Additional requirements for hearings before proposed 
adverse actions.'' The paragraph provides that before VA takes adverse 
action regarding a benefit, VA will give the beneficiary notice of a 
right to a hearing, and that the beneficiary has 30 days to request a 
hearing. Reading the heading and the paragraph together makes it clear 
that the provisions of (f) modify the hearing procedures discussed in 
paragraphs (a) through (e). The modifications consist of VA's unique 
notice requirement and the beneficiary's 30-day limit to request a 
hearing. See discussion of distinction between paragraphs (a) and (f), 
above.
    We have restated the rule in initially proposed paragraph (f) 
regarding the conditions under which VA will hold a hearing prior to 
adverse action so it reads in the affirmative, rather than in the 
negative. That is, stating ``VA will conduct a hearing . . . only if . 
. .'', rather than, ``VA will not conduct a hearing . . . unless . . . 
.'' This change is consistent with part 5's preferred style of stating 
rules in the affirmative. We have also removed the second sentence of 
initially proposed paragraph (f)(1) providing examples of good cause 
for failing to report for a hearing. It is the same as the last 
sentence of paragraph (e)(3). Paragraph (e) provides the rights and 
responsibilities of the beneficiary regarding hearings generally. The 
provision need not be repeated in paragraph (f), which comprises 
hearing requirements in addition to those elsewhere in Sec.  5.82.
    One commenter noted that initially proposed paragraph (f)(3) 
requires that VA ``send the notice of the time and place for the 
predetermination hearing at least 10 days before the scheduled hearing 
date'' and urged that VA provide similar advanced notice for hearings 
conducted under paragraph

[[Page 71076]]

(d). We agree with this suggestion. VA usually provides at least 10 
days advanced notice of hearings, and we propose to revise paragraph 
(d) to provide the same 10 days notice as contained in paragraph (f).
    One commenter urged VA not to use the term ``predetermination 
hearing'' in Sec.  5.82(f), which describes hearings conducted after VA 
proposes to take some adverse action affecting benefits, but before 
rendering a decision. The commenter noted that a claimant may request a 
hearing at any time, including prior to the initial decision on a 
claim, which would also be a ``predetermination hearing.'' The 
commenter did not offer any suggestion as to what term VA should use in 
its place.
    We agree that any hearing preceding a determination can accurately 
be called a ``predetermination'' hearing. The term ``predetermination 
hearing'' has been used in current regulation 38 CFR 3.105(i) for many 
years and is widely understood by VA adjudicators, veterans, and 
veterans' representatives. It is clear in Sec.  5.82(f) what the term 
means and we are not aware of any other term that would be more clear 
to readers. Nonetheless, it is jargon and not essential. A hearing is a 
hearing. The same rules apply to the conduct of the hearing described 
in paragraph (f) as to any other hearing. The decision maker must give 
the same consideration to the testimony and evidence presented as with 
any other hearing. The unique effect of a request for a hearing prior 
to a possible adverse decision is that VA will not reduce or 
discontinue the benefit payments prior to hearing. It is this 
relationship of the request for a hearing to the timing of any action 
resulting from the decision whether to reduce or discontinue a benefit 
that gave rise to the term ``predetermination'' hearing. This rule is 
in the last sentence of Sec.  3.105(i)(1), and initially proposed Sec.  
5.82(f)(4) restated it. The rule applies regardless of whether the 
hearing has a special name. For consistency throughout Sec.  5.82, and 
to avoid any confusion of the sort the commenter highlighted, we 
propose to remove the modifying term ``predetermination'' prior to the 
term ``hearing'' in paragraph (f).
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.82(f)(3) stated that VA will send the 
notice of the time and place for a predetermination hearing at least 10 
days beforehand and that this requirement may be waived by the 
beneficiary or representative. This 10-day notice provision is 
currently contained in 38 CFR 3.105(i). Three commenters asserted that 
this 10-day advanced notice period is often not adequate. They referred 
variously to the time it takes to deliver the mail, the distance a 
claimant or beneficiary must travel, and the time required to gather 
the funds or arrange for time off work to attend a hearing. One 
commenter urged VA to adopt a rule providing for ``negotiated 
appointments acceptable to both parties, with at least 30 days' notice 
unless otherwise agreed.''
    Regarding the suggestion that we revise initially proposed Sec.  
5.82(f) to provide 30 days advanced notice of the date of the hearing; 
we decline to make this change. Ten days is sufficient time for 
beneficiaries to receive VA's scheduling letter and, if necessary, to 
contact VA to reschedule. VA already has the inherent discretion to 
resolve situations where a beneficiary needs more time. For example, if 
VA's letter arrived while the beneficiary was on vacation and the 
beneficiary was unable to reschedule before the hearing date, VA would 
reschedule the hearing when the beneficiary contacted VA. Second, we 
note that the 10-day provision has been contained in Sec.  3.105(i) for 
over 15 years and there have been few, if any, complaints from 
beneficiaries about this provision. For these reasons, we propose to 
make no changes based on this comment.
    We propose to revise initially proposed paragraph (f)(4), removing 
the term ``final'' before ``decision''. The decision that follows a 
proposal to reduce or discontinue a benefit is not a ``final'' decision 
as VA defines ``final'' in Sec.  5.1. Like any other decision on 
entitlement to benefits, it is subject to appeal and can become final 
by expiration of the time allowed to appeal the decision, or because 
the Board of Veterans' Appeals has ruled on an appeal from the 
decision. The decision to which paragraph (f)(4) refers is the type of 
decision described in Sec.  5.160 as ``binding''. Compare preamble to 
Sec.  5.160, with Sec.  3.104(a) (final and binding decision).
    In the NPRM, we initially proposed not to include in Sec.  5.82 the 
last sentence of current Sec.  3.103(c)(2). We stated in the preamble 
of the NPRM that the provision is redundant because 38 U.S.C. 5103A(d), 
enacted in 2000, requires VA to provide a medical examination if it is 
``necessary to make a decision on the claim''. This Sec.  5103A(d) 
examination or opinion provision is now Sec.  5.90(c)(4)(i), which 
derives from Sec.  3.159(c)(4).
    One commenter objected to our proposal not to include the provision 
concerning a visual examination by a physician in part 5. The commenter 
stated that there is significant difference between a claimant's right 
to request a visual examination during a hearing and a claimant's right 
to request an examination under 38 U.S.C. 5103A(d). The commenter 
expressed the opinion that under current Sec.  3.103(c)(2), a claimant 
has the right to have a VA physician ``read into the record'' the 
physician's relevant observations but under 38 U.S.C. 5103A(d) there is 
no guarantee that VA will grant a request for a VA examination. The 
commenter also noted that under VA's current regulation implementing 38 
U.S.C. 5103A(d), 38 CFR 3.159, now Sec.  5.90, VA does not provide 
examinations for veterans seeking to reopen denied claims. The 
commenter urged VA to revise Sec.  5.82 to authorize a visual 
examination by a physician.
    Initially, we note that the claimant did not have a right to have a 
VA physician ``read into the record'' the physician's relevant 
observations, but could request a visual examination by a physician. 
Provision of the visual examination was at the discretion of the VA. 
The portion of the regulation providing for a visual examination by a 
physician at a hearing was included in the regulation at a time when 
the regional offices had physicians (medical members) on the staff, 
usually as part of the rating board. At that time, the medical member 
would either attend the hearing or be available nearby within the 
regional office if needed to conduct the visual examination. Regional 
offices rarely have a medical member on rating boards any more. Few 
regional offices have the capability of providing the visual 
examination by a physician at the hearing location. The provision for a 
visual examination during the hearing is an anachronism and no longer 
practical.
    Additionally, while there is no ``guarantee'' that VA will grant a 
request for a VA examination, the language of 38 U.S.C. 5103A(d) 
(``necessary to make a decision on the claim'') provides sufficient 
assurance that VA will obtain needed medical examinations. If an 
examination is necessary to make a decision on the claim, one will be 
scheduled. If an examination is not necessary to make a decision on the 
claim, a visual examination at a hearing would be unlikely to assist 
the claimant. We also note that in most cases, it is preferable to have 
a claimant examined by a physician in a medical office (where testing 
equipment and privacy is available), rather than in a hearing room at a 
VA regional office. For these reasons, we propose to make no changes to 
initially proposed Sec.  5.82 based on this comment.
    Regarding the commenter's suggestion that VA revise current 
Sec. Sec.  3.159 or 5.90

[[Page 71077]]

to require VA to provide examinations for veterans seeking to reopen 
denied claims, this suggestion was made in comments submitted during 
the initial promulgation of Sec.  3.159. VA declined to make such a 
change, because it would not be an appropriate ``expenditure of its 
finite resources'' to do so. For the reasons stated in that rulemaking 
(66 FR 45628 (August 31, 2001)), we decline to revise Sec.  3.159 or 
its part 5 counterpart, Sec.  5.90.

Sec.  5.83 Right to Notice of Decisions and Proposed Adverse Actions.

    One commenter asserted that the use of the phrase, ``the payment of 
benefits or the granting of relief'' could be interpreted as more 
narrow than the provision in 38 U.S.C. 5104(a), which reads, in 
pertinent part, ``[i]n the case of a decision by the Secretary under 
section 511 of this title affecting the provision of benefits to a 
claimant, the Secretary shall, on a timely basis, provide to the 
claimant (and the claimant's representative) notice of such decision.'' 
The commenter urged VA to replace the phrase ``the payment of benefits 
or the granting of relief'' with ``the provision of benefits''.
    We disagree that the phrase ``the payment of benefits or the 
granting of relief'' would permit VA not to give notice of decisions of 
which it would have to give notice if the regulation used the statutory 
language. The proposed language is taken verbatim from 38 CFR 
3.103(b)(1) and is well understood to include VA decisions that involve 
monetary benefits and those that do not. Switching to the statutory 
language ``provision of benefits'' could be misinterpreted to mean only 
decisions involving monetary benefits. We therefore decline to make the 
change suggested by this commenter.
    The same commenter also noted that the use of ``proposed adverse 
action'' in paragraph (a) was confusing. The commenter urged VA to 
strike the reference to proposed adverse actions and revise the second 
sentence of paragraph (a) for clarity.
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.83 in response to this 
comment, we have determined that paragraphs (a) and (b) should be 
reorganized for clarity. We have restructured these paragraphs so that 
(a) covers only notices of proposed adverse actions and (b) covers only 
notices of decisions. Consistent with this structure, we have listed 
the elements which are contained in each type of notice.
    Another commenter stated that initially proposed Sec.  5.83(b) 
(redesignated as paragraph (a)) would reduce the time VA allows to 
submit evidence from 1 year to 60 days, which is disadvantageous to 
veterans. The commenter apparently has mistaken the time VA allows for 
a beneficiary to submit evidence in response to a notice of a proposed 
adverse action with the time VA allows for a claimant to submit 
evidence in support of a claim for benefits. Compare 38 CFR 3.159(b) 
with 38 CFR 3.103(b)(2). Initially proposed Sec.  5.83 is based on 
Sec.  3.103, which also states that the time period for a claimant to 
submit evidence in response to a notice of adverse VA action is 60 
days. Therefore, we propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    In responding to these comments, we determined that the initially 
proposed rules failed to explain our omission of the substantively 
identical provisions found in paragraphs (d), (e), (f), and (h) of 38 
CFR 3.105, which state that before notice of a proposed adverse action 
is sent to a beneficiary, ``a rating proposing severance will be 
prepared setting forth all material facts and reasons.'' We believe 
that these provisions confer no rights or duties and relate purely to 
internal agency procedures, so it is not necessary to include them in 
VA's regulations. The due process guarantee of advance notice contained 
in the second sentences of those paragraphs is included in proposed 
Sec.  5.83(a).

Sec.  5.84 Restoration of Benefits Following Adverse Action.

    One commenter asserted that both the current and proposed rules 
were ``contrary to law'' because they imposed a 30-day deadline in 
which the beneficiary is required to contest the decision in order for 
VA to retroactively restore benefits. The commenter noted that under 38 
U.S.C. 7105(b)(1), a beneficiary has 1 year to initiate a corrective 
action for an erroneous decision or action by VA. This would be done by 
filing a Notice of Disagreement with the VA decision. The commenter 
also asserted that ``any action based on nonexistent facts or false 
information provided by a third party would be void ab initio [from the 
beginning], and there is no time limit for requesting corrective 
action,'' citing 38 U.S.C.A. 5109A(b) and 38 CFR 3.105(a). The 
commenter also noted that 38 CFR 3.156(b) and 3.400(q) require that 
when VA reverses a decision on appeal, the effective date will be set 
as if the decision had not been rendered.
    We agree with the commenter that 38 CFR 3.156(b) and 3.400(q) 
require that when VA reverses a decision, the effective date will be 
set as if the decision had not been rendered. The intent of Sec.  
3.103(b)(4) (see 66 FR 20220 (Apr. 20, 2001)) for an explanation of the 
intent of this section) was not to deprive beneficiaries of the proper 
effective date for restoration of benefits nor has VA applied the rule 
so as to limit the rights of beneficiaries in this manner. Rather, 
Sec.  3.103(b)(4) serves the purpose of allowing VA to reverse an 
erroneous decision without requiring the beneficiary to file a Notice 
of Disagreement. This relieves the beneficiary of the burden of 
preparing and filing a written Notice of Disagreement (including the 
elements required under 38 CFR 20.201, ``Notice of Disagreement''). The 
process under Sec.  3.103(b)(4) does not replace the appeal process 
described in 38 U.S.C. 7105. Rather, it provides a convenient and more 
efficient alternative means for beneficiaries to have their benefits 
restored. We therefore disagree that current Sec.  3.103(b)(4) or 
initially proposed Sec.  5.84 is contrary to law.
    However, in order to avoid any confusion that initially proposed 
Sec.  5.84 limits the rights of beneficiaries as described above, we 
are adding the following language as a new paragraph (a)(2), ``[t]his 
paragraph (a) does not limit the right of a beneficiary to have 
benefits retroactively restored based on evidence submitted within the 
1-year appeal period under Sec.  5.153, `Effective date of awards based 
on receipt of evidence prior to end of appeal period.' ''
    Also to avoid confusion, we have inserted the word ``written'' 
before ``information'' in Sec.  5.84 to distinguish that term from 
``oral statements''.


Sec.  5.90  VA Assistance in Developing Claims.

    In the NPRM, we stated:

    Title 38 CFR 3.159 is currently the subject of a separate VA 
rulemaking which will implement changes made by section 701 of Pub. 
L. 108-183, 117 Stat. 2670. When that rulemaking is complete, we 
plan to repeat the language of the amended Sec.  3.159 as Sec.  
5.90. We therefore propose in this rulemaking to reserve space for 
proposed Sec.  5.90.


(70 FR 24683 (May 10, 2005))
    VA has published the final rule amending 38 CFR 3.159 and we are 
now inserting the current language of Sec.  3.159 as Sec.  5.90 (RIN 
2900-AM17, ``Notice and Assistance Requirements and Technical 
Correction'', 73 FR 23353, Apr. 30, 2008, with amendment 73 FR 24868, 
May 6, 2008; based on Sec.  3.159). We propose to remove the 
definitions of competent medical evidence and competent lay evidence, 
revise the definition of competent expert evidence, and place the 
definitions in Sec.  5.1. We have reorganized Sec.  5.90 accordingly 
and changed the references to part 3 regulations to refer to part 5 
regulations.

[[Page 71078]]

    In addition to the provisions of Sec.  3.159, we propose to include 
in Sec.  5.90 the provisions of current Sec.  3.109(a). These 
provisions relate closely to the other provisions in Sec.  5.90 and so 
it is logical to move them into that rule. However, we propose to 
clarify the sentence, ``Information concerning the whereabouts of a 
person who has filed a claim is not considered evidence'' in Sec.  
5.90(b)(3). This sentence means that if a claimant submits information 
or evidence concerning his or her mailing address, that is not 
considered information or evidence under paragraph (b). We propose to 
revise the sentence accordingly to clarify its meaning. The only other 
change we propose is that we have simplified the scope sentence stated 
in Sec.  3.109(a)(2) so that it simply says that the rule applies to 
all part 5 applications.
    Subsequent to the publication of proposed Sec.  5.90, section 504 
of Public Law 112-154 (2012) amended 38 U.S.C. 5103 by removing the 
requirement that a claimant submit ``a complete or substantially 
complete application'' as a prerequisite to VA providing notice of 
information and evidence needed to substantiate the claim. Section 504 
also amended Sec.  5103 to relieve VA of the requirement to provide 
such notice ``to any claim or issue where the Secretary may award the 
maximum benefit in accordance with this title based on the evidence of 
record.'' We propose to include these statutory changes Sec.  5.90.
    Section 505 of Public Law 112-154 (2012) extensively amended 38 
U.S.C. 5103A regarding VA's duty to assist claimants. VA plans to 
conduct a rulemaking to implement Sec.  505 in part 3 and will 
incorporate those part 3 regulations into part 5.

Sec.  5.91 Medical Evidence for Disability Claims.

    One commenter urged VA to replace the word ``may'' with ``shall,'' 
concerning the acceptance of private medical evidence, because this 
would be consistent with the Congressional intent behind 38 U.S.C. 
5125. Although that statute uses the word ``may,'' the commenter 
asserts that Congress meant to give VA authority to accept private 
medical examination reports in place of VA examination reports, but 
that once VA has determined to accept such private reports generally, 
it cannot accept or reject such reports ``on a whim''. The commenter 
asserted, ``[s]uch unwarranted discretion defeats the very purpose of 
the rule.''
    We disagree that Congress' intent was merely to give VA authority 
to accept private medical examination reports generally. Rather, the 
plain language of 38 U.S.C. 5125 allows VA discretion to accept or 
reject such evidence in each individual case. We do not agree that this 
process defeats the purpose of the rule. This process allows VA the 
necessary discretion to reject private reports which, although 
technically ``adequate for purposes of adjudicating a claim'', VA 
considers to be potentially biased or unreliable. We therefore decline 
to make the change suggested by this commenter.
    Another commenter suggested that VA revise Sec.  5.91 to require VA 
regional offices to ``give a clear and precise explanation for why the 
claimant's medical evidence is not sufficient to render a VA 
examination unnecessary.'' We decline to adopt this suggestion because 
such an explanation would be of little use to claimants. VA has a duty 
to make reasonable efforts to obtain the evidence necessary to properly 
decide each claim. In addition to the medical evidence provided by the 
claimant, VA will schedule a VA examination if one is ``necessary to 
decide the claim.'' See 38 U.S.C. 5103A. See also Sec.  5.90. VA 
obtains evidence from multiple sources in most cases and it would be 
unduly burdensome, and a waste of resources, for VA to be required to 
explain why it has obtained every piece of evidence. VA is required to 
explain the reasons for any decision adverse to the claimant and to 
include a summary of the evidence considered in making the decision on 
the claim. See 38 U.S.C. 5104. See also Sec.  5.83. These procedures 
adequately inform the claimant of the relative probative value to any 
medical evidence submitted and we propose to make no changes based on 
this comment.

Sec.  5.92 Independent Medical Opinions.

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.92 we repeated the content of current 
38 CFR 3.328 without change.
    One commenter expressed concern that Sec.  5.92 could be confusing 
by implying that VA will obtain independent medical opinions in place 
of VA medical examinations. We do not agree and we propose to make no 
changes based on this comment. Initially proposed Sec.  5.92 did not 
state or imply that we would not comply with the provisions of Sec.  
3.159. The evidence obtained under the provisions of Sec.  5.92 will 
generally supplement the other medical evidence with an independent 
medical opinion ``[w]hen warranted by the medical complexity or 
controversy''.
    Another commenter noted that Sec.  5.92(a) gave VA authority to 
obtain an independent medical opinion when ``warranted by the medical 
complexity or controversy'' while paragraph (c) stated that, in order 
for VA's Compensation and Pension Service to approve requests for such 
opinions, the claim must pose ``a medical problem of such obscurity,'' 
complexity, or controversy. We agree that it would be logical to state 
the criteria for such opinions using the same terminology in both 
paragraphs and we have removed the word ``obscurity'' from paragraph 
(c). Both paragraphs now use the language used in the authorizing 
statute, 38 U.S.C. 5109.
    Another commenter urged VA to revise Sec.  5.92 to require that VA 
provide claimants with copies of all communications between the VA 
regional office and the institution providing the independent medical 
opinion. The commenter asserted that, ``[s]uch a requirement for 
openness . . . will ensure the fairness and integrity of this new 
procedure.''
    As a preliminary matter, we note that the procedure to obtain an 
independent medical opinion is not new and has been contained in Sec.  
3.328 since 1990. See 55 FR 18602 (May 3, 1990). VA is required by 38 
U.S.C. 5109 to furnish the claimant with notice that an advisory 
opinion was requested and also a copy of the opinion when it is 
received by VA. See Sec.  5.92(d). Furnishing the notice of the intent 
to request the independent medical opinion and a copy of the opinion to 
the claimant sufficiently advises the claimant of the status of the 
independent medical opinion request and results. We do not believe that 
it is necessary to furnish the claimant with notice or a copy of every 
communication VA may have with the individual or organization preparing 
the independent medical opinion. Such communications as a telephone 
call or an electronic mail message to clarify a typographic error or 
other minor issues would not assist the claimant in the presentation of 
the claim. Additionally, records of these communications may be 
obtained by the procedures discussed earlier concerning the procedures 
for a claimant to obtain copies of evidence. We propose to make no 
changes based on this comment.
    One commenter urged VA to include a provision in Sec.  5.92(d) 
allowing a claimant a specified period of time to respond to an 
independent medical opinion that is adverse to the claimant. We do not 
believe this change to be necessary because, at the time that VA is 
seeking the independent medical opinion, the claimant is informed that 
the independent medical opinion is being sought and also what specific 
information is being sought. This provides the claimant ample time and

[[Page 71079]]

opportunity to seek, obtain, and submit their own independent medical 
opinion should they wish to do so. We also note that once the claimant 
receives a copy of the independent medical opinion, even if the claim 
has been denied, he or she has the opportunity to respond. We propose 
to make no changes based on this comment.

Sec.  5.93 Service Records Which Are Lost, Destroyed, or Otherwise 
Unavailable

    One commenter asserted that the force of Sec.  5.93 is diminished 
due to the confusing use of terminology. The commenter argued that the 
phrase, ``alternative evidence'' should be replaced with, ``evidence 
from alternative sources.'' Upon review of the regulation, we propose 
to change the regulation according to the commenter's suggestion. As 
noted by the commenter, the evidence sought may be a copy of the 
missing evidence, not alternate evidence.

Sec.  5.99 Extensions of Certain Time Limits

    In the AL82 NPRM, we inadvertently failed to include provisions 
contained in current 38 CFR 3.109(b). We are doing so now in Sec.  
5.99. This rule restates Sec.  3.109(b) without substantive change. We 
are clarifying in Sec.  5.99(c) that while late requests for extensions 
will be permitted under some circumstances, as is currently the case, 
no extension of time will be granted after VA has made a decision on 
the claim to which the information or evidence relates and the time to 
appeal that decision has expired.

Sec.  5.100 Time Limits for Claimant or Beneficiary Responses

    One commenter felt that VA should specify that the holidays 
referenced in the regulation are Federal holidays. We agree and have 
added the word, ``Federal'' before holidays in Sec.  5.100(a).
    One commenter felt that this regulation should specify whether the 
date of mailing or the date of receipt by VA would be the ending date 
of the applicable time period provided to a claimant to respond to a VA 
communication. We propose to make no changes based on this comment. 
This regulation is intended to specify how to calculate a time limit. 
Within part 5, where a response is required to be submitted within a 
certain time, all the sections specify how the ending date of the 
applicable time period provided to a claimant will be calculated. This 
is generally the date of receipt by VA of whatever evidence or 
information is requested, if received within the applicable time 
period. To include the ending date information here would be redundant.
    One commenter felt that VA should revise this regulation since the 
commenter felt that sometimes a VA letter may be signed after the last 
mail pickup for that day. The letter would not actually be mailed until 
the following workday. The commenter felt that this rule provided for a 
``convenient and arbitrary assumption that disfavors claimants.'' A 
second commenter agreed, stating that the word ``considered'' should be 
removed from the second to last sentence in order to avoid having VA 
rely on a date that it may know to be erroneous.
    We propose to make no changes based on this comment. This 
regulation provides that the first day of the specified time period 
will be excluded in computing the time limit for any action required of 
a claimant. This ensures that the claimant is generally provided the 
full time period. Additionally, the time periods provided allow ample 
time for the claimant to respond. While it is true that the 1-day grace 
period provided by not counting the date of the letter in the time 
period does not provide for those situations where the letter is dated 
on a Friday afternoon, but not actually posted until Monday, the 
claimant still has been provided sufficient time to respond to any 
requests for information or evidence.
    One commenter urged VA to adopt a system of notice for determining 
the time periods for claimants or beneficiaries' responses similar to 
that found in 41 U.S.C. 609(a)(3), which provides that the period of 
time begins running when the notice has been received. VA currently 
begins the period of time from the date of mailing as shown by the date 
of the letter sent to a claimant or beneficiary. The commenter felt VA 
could better afford the minor expense of certified mail than could the 
claimant or beneficiary.
    VA communicates with claimants and beneficiaries at various stages 
in the adjudication process, using various means. It would not be 
appropriate to regulate the manner of all such communications because 
VA needs discretion to use the most effective means of communications 
and because such means may change over time. Additionally, VA routinely 
sends hundreds of thousands of pieces of mail to veterans, claimants, 
and beneficiaries, as well as their representatives. While the burden 
for sending any one piece of mail by certified mail is small, the 
expense and time required to send all notices by certified mail would 
be overwhelming, both in increased monetary cost and human resources 
expended. Routinely sending certified mail to veterans, claimants, or 
beneficiaries is not necessary, nor, in most situations, helpful to the 
veterans, claimants, or beneficiaries. VA provides sufficient time for 
a veteran, claimant, or beneficiary to respond to the communications we 
send them. It is not burdensome for the veteran, claimant, or 
beneficiary to respond, when necessary, within the time limits 
specified in the communication. The additional two or three days that 
would be provided by starting the time period from date of receipt 
instead of date of mailing would rarely assist a veteran, claimant, or 
beneficiary. For these reasons, we decline to make any changes based on 
this comment.

Sec.  5.101 Requirement To Provide Social Security Numbers

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.101 explained the statutory requirement 
that claimants and beneficiaries must provide VA with their Social 
Security numbers and their dependents' numbers.
    One commenter urged VA to excuse those claimants or beneficiaries 
who, for good cause, fail to provide their Social Security number. The 
commenter urged that, if VA reduces or discontinues benefits, it should 
resume the benefits retroactively from the effective date of the 
reduction, if the person had good cause for the failure.
    We note that, as stated in initially proposed Sec.  5.101(f), ``A 
claimant or beneficiary is not required to provide a Social Security 
number for any person to whom a Social Security number has not been 
assigned.'' Other than this, we are unaware of any reason which would 
constitute good cause for a claimant or beneficiary failing to provide 
VA with his or her Social Security number, nor does the commenter offer 
any such example. We therefore propose to make no change based on this 
comment.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.101(d) stated, ``[i]f a claimant or 
beneficiary provides VA with the requested Social Security number, VA 
will resume payment of benefits at the prior rate, effective on the 
date VA received the Social Security number, provided that payment of 
benefits at that rate is otherwise in order.'' One commenter noted that 
under paragraph (d), if a claimant or beneficiary failed to furnish the 
required Social Security number within the deadline but later provided 
it, VA would pay benefits only from the date it received the Social 
Security number. The commenter noted that Sec.  5.101 would treat 
claimants and beneficiaries disparately in that if they ultimately 
provided VA their Social Security

[[Page 71080]]

number, the former would have benefits granted from the date of claim, 
while the later would have benefits restored only from the date he or 
she provided the number. The commenter objected to this disparate 
treatment, asserting:

    When a claimant receiving benefits is requested to provide a 
social security number and does not promptly comply, VA may 
certainly administratively suspend payment (`terminate the payment') 
of benefits pursuant to Sec.  5101(c), but the benefits should be 
resumed effective the date of suspension if the requested 
information is provided within 1 year. Such a rule would be 
consistent with the time an applicant has to provide the social 
security number under sections 5102(c) and 5103(b) and the general 
rule in 38 CFR 3.158 (2004) that a claim will be considered 
abandoned only if the requested information is not provided within 1 
year.

    The commenter asserted that this rule would be contrary to 38 
U.S.C. 5102 and 5103, which do not explicitly authorize VA to reinstate 
benefits only from the date a beneficiary ultimately provides VA his or 
her Social Security number. In reviewing paragraph (d) in response to 
this comment, we noted that VA cannot ``resume'' payments to a 
claimant, since VA has not begun paying such a person. We therefore 
propose to remove the term ``claimant'' from this paragraph, so that it 
would relate only to beneficiaries and not to claimants.
    Regarding the disparity noted by the commenter, we first note that 
it is not inconsistent with the relevant statutes, 38 U.S.C. 5101-5103. 
Sections 5102-5103 only cover claims, not running awards, so they are 
not germane to the disputed provision. Section 5101(c)(2) states that 
``the Secretary shall deny the application of or terminate the payment 
of compensation or pension to a person who fails to furnish the 
Secretary with a social security number required to be furnished 
pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection. The Secretary may 
thereafter reconsider the application or reinstate payment of 
compensation or pension, as the case may be, if such person furnishes 
the Secretary with such social security number.''
    This statute, and its implementing regulation 38 CFR 3.216, leave a 
gap regarding the effective date for the reinstatement of benefits. 
VA's long-standing practice has been to resume benefits effective the 
date the beneficiary ultimately provides the social security number. If 
the rule were changed as the commenter urges, VA would in such cases 
have to make retrospective determinations, in some cases going back 
many years, on whether the former beneficiary actually met all the 
entitlement criteria for the benefit during the entire retroactive 
period. This would consume considerable VA resources when compared with 
the rule proposed in Sec.  5.101(d). Furthermore, there is no 
indication that our proposed rule creates a hardship for beneficiaries. 
For these reasons, we propose to make no change based on this comment.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.101(e), entitled, ``Claimant's 
application for VA benefits'', stated, ``[i]f 60 days after VA requests 
a Social Security number, the claimant fails either to provide the 
requested Social Security number or to show that no Social Security 
number was assigned, VA will deny the claim.'' One commenter objected 
to this provision, noting that it did not include a provision allowing 
a claimant 1 year to submit his or her Social Security number. The 
commenter noted that 38 U.S.C. 5102 and 5103 allow a claimant 1 year to 
provide the information needed to complete an application. The 
commenter noted that while VA has the authority to deny the application 
earlier than the expiration of the 1 year period, if the information is 
received no later than 1 year after VA's request, VA must reconsider 
the application as if the information had been furnished on the 
application.
    After reviewing the applicable statutes and VA's other regulations, 
we agree with the commenter that it would be appropriate to clarify 
that a claimant has 1 year in which to submit the requested Social 
Security number. We therefore propose to add a sentence to Sec.  
5.101(e), based on a provision from Sec.  5.90(b)(1)(i) (based on 
current 38 CFR 3.159(b)(1). This new sentence states, ``[i]f VA denies 
the claim or denies benefits for the dependent, and the claimant 
subsequently provides the Social Security number no later than 1 year 
after the notice, then VA must readjudicate the claim.''
    In making this proposed change based on the comment, we noted that 
the 60-day deadline in 38 CFR 3.216 applies only to beneficiaries, not 
to claimants. In order to be consistent with Sec.  5.90(b)(1)(i), we 
propose to revise the 60-day period in Sec.  5.101(e) to 30 days. In 
addition to being consistent with Sec.  5.90(b)(1)(i), we believe that 
30 days is sufficient time for claimants to provide VA with requested 
Social Security numbers.
    Subsequent to the publication of proposed Sec.  5.101, section 502 
of Public Law 112-154 (2012) amended 38 U.S.C. 5101 by adding a new 
paragraph stating if an individual has not attained the age of 18 
years, is mentally incompetent, or is physically unable to sign a form, 
a form filed under paragraph (1) for the individual may be signed by a 
court-appointed representative, a person who is responsible for the 
care of the individual, including a spouse or other relative, or an 
attorney in fact or agent authorized to act on behalf of the individual 
under a durable power of attorney. If the individual is in the care of 
an institution, the manager or principal officer of the institution may 
sign the form. The term `mentally incompetent' with respect to an 
individual means that the individual lacks the mental capacity--
     To provide substantially accurate information needed to 
complete a form; or
     to certify that the statements made on a form are true and 
complete.


Section 502 also added Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) to the 
Social Security number requirement in Sec.  5101. We have updated Sec.  
5.101 to reflect these statutory changes.

Sec.  5.103 Failure To Report for VA Examination or Reexamination

    The preamble to initially proposed Sec.  5.103 stated that part 5 
would not repeat Sec.  3.655(a) because it is unnecessary. 70 FR 24680, 
24685, (May 10, 2005). To clarify, that statement correctly applies 
only to the first sentence of Sec.  3.655(a). The examples of good 
cause in Sec.  5.103(f) derive from the second sentence of Sec.  
3.655(a).
    One commenter felt that the examples provided in the regulation to 
determine what constitutes ``good cause'' for failure to report for a 
scheduled VA examination were too narrow and may lead VA to apply too 
high a standard to determine what constitutes ``good cause''.
    The examples of ``good cause'' for failure to report for a 
scheduled VA examination in initially proposed Sec.  5.103(f) are the 
same examples included in the full revision of Sec.  3.655(a), 
effective December 31, 1990. 55 FR 49520, Nov. 29, 1990. The last 
sentence of Sec.  5.103(f) is new and requires that VA consider each 
reason given for missing a VA examination on a case-by-case basis. Use 
of the examples that have been in place since 1990, together with the 
last sentence, ensures that determinations concerning whether the 
veteran had ``good cause'' for not reporting to the examination will 
not change. We propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    One commenter recommended not repeating Sec.  3.655 in part 5. We 
disagree because if VA did not repeat this rule, there would be no rule 
about how to proceed with adjudication if a claimant

[[Page 71081]]

fails to report for an examination that VA has concluded is necessary 
to decide the claim. The commenter did not state how it would benefit 
claimants or VA to do without it. Omission of this rule would risk 
disparate treatment of claimants with similar claims. Avoiding 
disparate results in similar situations is an important object of 
regulations. To promote this objective, VA will repeat the rule in part 
5.
    The same commenter recommended, alternatively, significantly 
revising the regulation to eliminate several problems he said it has. 
The commenter asserted there is no logical reason to distinguish 
between original and other claims. We interpret the comment to mean 
that VA should treat a failure without good cause to report for a VA 
examination the same whether the examination is for an original 
disability compensation claim or for any other claim.
    Before 1991, Sec.  3.655 was silent about VA examinations in 
original disability compensation claims. 38 CFR 3.655 (1990). It 
applied only to rating action to be taken upon a failure to report for 
examination of a beneficiary with an ongoing award of benefits, 
providing for discontinuance of payments. See Wamhoff v. Brown, 8 Vet. 
App. 517, 520 (1996) (discussing historical Sec.  3.655). VA amended 
Sec.  3.655 in 1990 to include the requirement to report for VA 
examination (formerly in Sec.  3.329, which it rescinded) and to 
provide for unique treatment of original disability compensation claims 
upon the claimant's failure to report for examination.
    There are good and practical reasons to treat the failure to report 
for an examination in an original claim for disability compensation 
differently than in other claims. Establishing that a disability is 
service connected is an element of an original claim for disability 
compensation that precedes determination of the severity of disability. 
See Barrera v. Gober, 122 F.3d 1030, 1032 (Fed. Cir. 1997) (explaining 
``up stream'' and ``down stream'' elements of veterans benefits 
claims); Grantham v. Brown, 114 F.3d 1156, 1158-59 (Fed. Cir. 1997). 
Evidence sufficient to decide whether a disability is service connected 
is likely to be of record without the examination, for example, in the 
case of a battlefield amputee or a veteran who contracted a 
presumptively service-connected chronic disease. Even though the 
evidence of record might be uninformative about the current extent of 
disability, it is practicable and efficient to decide such a claim on 
the evidence of record without the examination, even at the risk of an 
imprecise initial rating. In contrast, current medical information is 
likely to be lacking and indispensable to deciding the other types of 
claims named in the regulation.
    The predicate for ordering an examination is that the information 
to be gained from it is necessary to establish entitlement or confirm 
continued entitlement to a benefit. In other words, if VA has 
determined that it cannot decide a claim, or an element of a claim, 
without the evidence derived from the examination, it would squander 
resources valuable to the entire veteran community to adjudicate the 
claim, and it preserves resources to deny the claim upon failure to 
report for the examination without good cause. We therefore propose to 
not make any changes in response to this comment.
    The object of a VA examination in an original disability 
compensation claim could be to address one of the elements of proof of 
service connection, see Sec.  5.243, ``Establishing service connection 
for a current disability.'', to ascertain the current severity of 
disability (a determination VA initially makes upon finding that a 
disability is service connected), or both. Though the examination could 
be indispensable to making the most accurate current rating, the 
benefit to the claimant and practicality of deciding the service-
connection element of the claim warrants the unique treatment of 
original compensation claims.
    The same commenter asserted the distinction between types of claims 
invites fraud. The commenter did not explain how the distinction would 
invite fraud. We propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    The same commenter noted that we had not defined the terms, ``other 
original claim'' and ``new claim.'' The commenter noted that neither 
term is found in the applicable statutes. The commenter felt this 
section should be revised so that the terms are understood by claimants 
and so that the terms fit within the regulatory framework.
    In Sec.  5.57, we defined several types of claims. We defined 
``original claim'' in Sec.  5.57(b) as ``the first claim VA receives 
from an individual for disability benefits, for death benefits, or for 
monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18.'' Although not defined 
in the statutes, the term ``original claim'' is found in 38 U.S.C. 5110 
and 5113. Consistent with how the term is used in current 38 CFR 
3.655(b), our use of ``other original claim'' was intended to mean any 
original claim arising under part 5 other than an original disability 
compensation claim. This would include, for example, a claim for a 
monetary allowance based on spina bifida under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18. We 
believe that when read in conjunction with Sec.  5.57(b), this term is 
logical and understandable.
    We have not defined the term ``new claim''. Based on this comment, 
we are removing the term from Sec.  5.103(b)(2). We have determined 
that the term is not needed to assist the reader in understanding what 
is intended by this regulation.
    In addition to the comment about specific terms, the commenter 
asserted that VA should revise the regulation so its terms are 
understandable to laypersons and ``fall within the rest of the 
regulatory framework.'' The commenter further asserted that the 
regulation does not fit within the existing statutory framework and 
opinions of the [VA] General Counsel. The commenter did not explain how 
the regulation fails to fit within VA's statutory or regulatory 
framework or cite any precedent opinion of the General Counsel that the 
regulation violates. Consequently, we do not find anything in this 
comment to which VA can respond, and we propose to make no changes to 
the regulation in response to it.
    Finally, the commenter recommended an ``escape clause'' that 
precludes ``endless good cause.'' The object would be to permit VA to 
decide a claim after a year if a claimant fails to report for an 
examination for a good cause of indefinite duration, such as being in a 
coma. The commenter suggested that the regulation should provide for VA 
to reschedule an examination missed for good cause if that good cause 
ends within 1 year. We construe the commenter to mean that if the good 
cause for failure to report for a VA examination persists for more than 
a year after the date of the examination appointment the claimant did 
not keep, VA would decide the claim on the evidence of record.
    We will not add the suggested provision for five reasons. First, 
the suggestion would abrogate the distinction between original 
disability claims and other claims. Whether the claimant failed to 
report for good cause or no cause, without the examination that VA 
determined is necessary to decide a claim (other than an original 
disability compensation claim), the status of the evidence would still 
be such that VA could not grant the claim without the examination. 
Second, it is to the advantage of a claimant to suspend the claim until 
the contingency that prevented the claimant from reporting for the 
examination is removed, because it leaves the claimant

[[Page 71082]]

in control of his or her claim. Third, there is negligible cost or 
burden to VA to suspend adjudication while the good cause of the 
claimant's inability to report for an examination persists. Fourth, 
there is no advantage to VA to decide a claim it has determined lacks 
crucial evidence. Deciding a claim sooner rather than later under these 
circumstances is not sufficient reason for the rule the commenter 
suggests. The failure to report for an examination for good cause is 
not like the failure to submit requested evidence that VA may consider 
abandonment of a claim. Sec.  5.136, ``Abandoned claims''. Finally, the 
claimant can always eliminate the need for a VA examination by 
submitting other medical reports sufficient to serve as a VA 
examination. Sec.  5.91(a), ``Medical evidence rendering VA examination 
unnecessary.'' If the claimant submits a medical report that VA accepts 
as adequate to the needs of the claim, the examination for which the 
veteran cannot report would cease to be one necessary to establish 
entitlement to the benefit claimed. The question of how VA should 
respond to a failure to report for a necessary VA examination for good 
cause would be moot.
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.103, we noted that the last 
two sentences of paragraph (d)(1) stated, ``The letter [proposing to 
reduce or discontinue benefits] must include the date on which the 
proposed discontinuance or reduction will be effective, and the 
beneficiary's procedural rights. See Sec. Sec.  5.80 through 5.83.'' We 
believe it would be more precise to refer the reader to the procedural 
rights which are listed in such a letter. We therefore propose to 
restate the sentences as ``The notice must include the date on which 
the proposed discontinuance or reduction will be effective, and the 
beneficiary's procedural rights as listed in Sec.  5.83(a)(1) through 
(4).''
    In responding to these comments, we noted that the initial NPRM 
failed to explain our addition of the third sentence of Sec.  5.103(a): 
``If a claimant or beneficiary, with good cause, fails to report for a 
VA examination or reexamination, VA will reschedule the examination or 
reexamination.'' Though Sec. Sec.  3.326(a) and 3.327(a) provide for 
scheduling VA examinations, and Sec.  3.655 prescribes VA action upon a 
claimant's failure to report for a necessary examination without good 
cause, nothing in part 3 specifically states that VA will reschedule an 
examination a claimant missed with good cause, which is VA's standard 
procedure. We propose to set forth this important point in paragraph 
(a).

Sec.  5.104 Certifying Continuing Eligibility to Receive Benefits

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.104(c), we removed the reference to 
the effective date provisions. In part 5, the effective date provisions 
are not contained within one regulation, but are located with the 
regulation concerning the benefit to which the provisions apply. To 
include these provisions would result in an extremely long and complex 
paragraph which would not be helpful to the claimants or beneficiaries.

Changes in Terminology for Clarity and/or Consistency

    The changes in terminology in this final rulemaking are made 
primarily for purpose of achieving consistency throughout our part 5 
regulations. We replaced the word ``evaluation'' with ``rating;'' the 
term ``on behalf of'' with ``for'' or ``to or for'' where appropriate; 
and the word ``notify'' with ``send notice to''. As noted earlier, we 
are removing the modifying term ``predetermination'' prior to the term 
``hearing''.

General Evidence Requirements, Effective Dates, Revision of Decisions, 
and Protection of Existing Ratings AM01

    In a document published in the Federal Register on May 22, 2007, we 
proposed to amend Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) regulations 
governing general evidence requirements, effective dates, revision of 
decisions, and protection of existing ratings, to be published in part 
5. 72 FR 28770, May 22, 2007. We provided a 60-day comment period that 
ended July 23, 2007. We received submissions from five commenters: 
Paralyzed Veterans of America, Vietnam Veterans of America, Disabled 
American Veterans, and two members of the general public.

Sec.  5.130 Submission of Statements, Evidence, or Information 
Affecting Entitlement to Benefits

    We propose to revise and reorganize initially proposed Sec.  5.130 
for clarity. We propose to add the word ``claimant'' to the regulation 
to accurately reflect that this regulation covers submissions by both 
claimants and beneficiaries. Proposed Sec.  5.130 was derived from 
Sec.  3.217, which was originally issued to permit modification of 
existing awards based on electronic and oral reporting of changes, 
including, but not limited to, income and dependents. See 66 FR 20220, 
Apr. 20, 2001. The reference to ``beneficiary'' reflects that original, 
limited purpose. However, given the broad language of the regulation 
and our stated intent to cover all types of submissions, we are 
explicitly including claimants. All claimants and beneficiaries, or 
their representatives or fiduciaries, must meet all requirements of 
this section, such as using a specific form providing specific 
information, providing a signature, or providing a certified statement.
    The initially proposed rule referred to ``other electronic means'' 
of submissions. We propose to add ``that the Secretary prescribes'' in 
paragraphs (a)(1) and (b)(1), to clarify that VA will determine the 
means or medium of submission it will accept. Additionally, this phrase 
allows for technological changes over time.
    Whereas the initially proposed regulation did not address 
claimants, it did not distinguish between them and beneficiaries. We 
propose to revise the regulation to distinguish between the media that 
claimants may use to file statements, evidence, or information, and the 
media that beneficiaries may use. VA currently accepts email and oral 
submissions only from beneficiaries, not from claimants. As revised, 
paragraph (a) would address submissions from claimants and provide the 
acceptable media for those submissions. Paragraph (b) would address 
submissions from beneficiaries and allow submissions, either orally or 
by email. Paragraph (b)(4) would prescribe VA action upon receipt of an 
oral statement.
    One commenter questioned why we used the word ``may'' instead of 
``will'' when referring to how VA will use verbal information provided 
by a beneficiary or fiduciary. We explained in the preamble to the 
proposed rule that the word ``may'' was more accurate because ``VA may 
determine that the information or statement needs to be verified 
through other means''. However, the commenter pointed out that VA will 
use the evidence, even if it is just to ``initiate an investigation to 
. . . confirm and continue an existing award'', or to contradict prior 
evidence. We agree with the commenter as the comment applies to the 
proposed use of ``may'' in proposed paragraphs (c)(1)(iii) and (2)(v). 
We propose to change ``may'' to ``will'' in redesignated paragraphs 
(b)(4)(iii) and (iv)(E). We have also decided that the phrase ``VA may 
take action'' used in proposed paragraph (b) is more accurately stated 
as ``VA will take appropriate action'', and propose to make this change 
accordingly. That is because whether VA takes any action that affects 
entitlement to benefits and what type of action it will take will 
depend on the content of the submission.

[[Page 71083]]

    We also propose to change ``affecting the [claimant's or 
beneficiary's] entitlement to benefits based upon'' to ``in response 
to''. This is because a submission might not affect entitlement to 
benefits. The entire clause now reads, ``VA will take appropriate 
action in response to the statement, evidence, or information.'' We 
have made this change, and the change discussed in the preceding 
paragraph, in paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(3), which are parallel 
provisions applying to claimants and to beneficiaries, respectively.
    Based on this comment, we have also decided that it would be more 
accurate to say that VA will use the statement described in proposed 
paragraphs (b)(4)(iii) and (iv)(E) ``to determine entitlement'' as well 
as ``to calculate benefit amounts''. Accordingly, we propose to add the 
phrase ``to determine entitlement'' in those paragraphs as 
redesignated. We also propose to revise this sentence from passive 
voice to active voice.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.130 used the term ``form''. This term is 
no longer used in part 5. For consistency, we propose to change the 
term from ``form'' to ``application'', which is currently defined in 
Sec.  5.1.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.130(a)(1) stated:

    It is VA's general policy to allow submission of statements, 
evidence, or information by email, facsimile (fax) machine, or other 
electronic means, unless a VA regulation, form, or directive 
expressly requires a different method of submission (for example, 
where a VA form directs claimants to submit certain documents by 
regular mail or hand delivery). This policy does not apply to the 
submission of a claim, Notice of Disagreement, Substantive Appeal, 
or any other submissions or filing requirements covered in parts 19 
and 20 of this chapter.

    In reviewing this paragraph in responding to comments, we 
determined that the last sentence might be misconstrued to mean that a 
claimant may not file a claim, a Notice of Disagreement (NOD), a 
Substantive Appeal, or other item covered in 38 CFR parts 19 or 20 
electronically. This was not our intent. Section 5.130 concerns 
submission of a statement, evidence, or information, and not submission 
of claims. Filing requirements for an NOD and for a Substantive Appeal 
are in parts 19 and 20. To avoid this possible misconstruction, we 
propose to remove this sentence.

Sec.  5.131 Applications, Claims, and Exchange of Evidence With Social 
Security Administration--Death Benefits

    One commenter noted a typographical error in the preamble language 
of the initially proposed rule. The error was in the misspelling of the 
word ``belief''. We acknowledge the typographical error but find no 
need to make the suggested change because the error is not substantive 
and is contained within the preamble language to the proposed rule 
which will not be published again.

Sec.  5.132 Claims, Statements, Evidence, or Information Filed Abroad; 
Authentication of Documents From Foreign Countries

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.132(a) incorrectly grouped together 
claims, statements, information, and evidence, leading to the absurd 
implication that, under the terms of the regulation, a claim could be 
filed in support of a claim. Therefore, we propose to revise Sec.  
5.132(a) to separate a ``claim'' from a ``statement, information, and 
evidence.'' Additionally, we reviewed Sec.  3.108, the part 3 provision 
from which proposed Sec.  5.132(a) is derived, and now propose to 
reinsert the introductory clause from that section. The introductory 
clause of Sec.  3.108 explains that certain Department of State 
representatives in foreign countries are authorized to act as agents 
for VA. We believe that this information, which was not in initially 
proposed Sec.  5.132(a), will be valuable to the reader in 
understanding the agency relationship between the Department of State 
and VA, and we propose to add it to paragraph (a).
    Finally, the regulation text in initially proposed Sec.  5.132 
limits evidence of establishing birth, adoption, marriage, annulment, 
divorce, or death to copies of ``public'' or ``church'' records without 
referencing other religions or religious institutions. We propose to 
add ``other religious-context'' records to the regulation text in 
proposed Sec.  5.132(c)(5) in order to recognize that other religions 
or religious records, besides church records, may suffice.

Sec.  5.134 VA Acceptance of Signature by Mark or Thumbprint

    One commenter noted that the style of the title of this section as 
a question was inconsistent with other section titles throughout this 
part. The commenter suggested an alternative title that ``would more 
closely parallel that of the other proposed sections'', specifically 
``VA acceptance of signatures by mark or thumbprint''. We agree with 
the commenter's suggestion and propose to adopt the proposed language 
as the section title with a slight modification.
    The commenter also suggested revising the content of this section. 
The commenter questioned whether the regulation, as written, would 
produce unintended results, such as a situation where ``an individual 
who can write his or her name may choose to make a mark or sign by 
thumbprint''. We recognize the possibility of the hypothetical posed by 
the commenter, however, it is unlikely that a person who is capable of 
signing would choose the more burdensome witness/certification process. 
Even if that occurred, the witness/certification process would be 
adequate to verify the person's identity and therefore not cause a 
problem. We decline to make any change based on that comment.

Sec.  5.135 Statements Certified or Under Oath or Affirmation

    One commenter noted that initially proposed Sec.  5.135(b) only 
applied to evidentiary requirements for claims for service connection, 
even though we stated in the preamble that we proposed to apply the 
evidentiary requirements equally to all claims for compensation or 
pension benefits. We agree with the commenter and therefore propose to 
remove the restrictive language ``for service connection'' in Sec.  
5.135(b). Any documentary evidence or written assertion of fact filed 
by the claimant or on his or her behalf, for purpose of establishing a 
claim, must be certified or under oath or affirmation. However, as the 
rest of the subsection provides, VA may consider a submission that is 
not certified or under oath or affirmation if VA considers 
certification, oath, or affirmation unnecessary to establish the 
reliability of a document. The language of the subsection has been 
revised for clarity.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.135(b) we stated, ``Documentary 
evidence includes records, examination reports, and transcripts 
material to the issue received by VA from State, county, or municipal 
governments, recognized private institutions, or contract hospitals.'' 
We have determined that the phrase ``material to the issue'' is 
inaccurate because this paragraph applies regardless of whether the 
evidence is material or not. We therefore propose to remove this 
phrase.

Sec.  5.136 Abandoned Claims

    In the proposed rulemaking, we reserved Sec.  5.136. 72 FR 28770, 
May 22, 2007. We have now decided to name it ``Abandoned Claims'', 
which is derived from Sec.  3.158(a). We propose to make several 
changes to the language derived from Sec.  3.158(a) to increase 
clarity. The scope of the current rule is limited to ``an original 
claim, a claim for increase or to reopen or for purpose of determining 
continued entitlement''. We propose to expand the scope of Sec.  5.136 
to include any claim. This is

[[Page 71084]]

consistent with VA's interpretation and use of current Sec.  3.158(a) 
and makes the rule more concise. The scope of current Sec.  3.158(a) is 
also limited to ``pension, compensation, dependency and indemnity 
compensation, or monetary allowance under the provisions of 38 U.S.C. 
chapter 18''. For the same reasons we propose to expand the scope of 
Sec.  5.136 to include all benefits under part 5. We also propose to 
change the word ``filing'' to ``receipt'' in keeping with our practice 
of using consistent terminology in part 5.

Sec.  5.140 Determining Former Prisoner of War Status

    One commenter noted a typographical error in proposed Sec.  
5.140(a)(3). We agree with the commenter that there should not be a 
hyphen between the terms ``service'' and ``department'', and propose to 
change the language accordingly.
    The commenter also pointed out a typographical error in the 
preamble language concerning this section. The error referred to a 
mischaracterization of the term ``regional office decisions''. We 
acknowledge the typographical error, but propose not to make the 
suggested change because the preamble language to the initially 
proposed rule will not be published again.
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.140, we determined that it 
would be helpful to readers for all part 5 provisions regarding how VA 
determines former POW status to be in one section. Therefore, we 
propose to remove the definition of former POW from Sec.  5.1, 
``General definitions'', and place it in Sec.  5.140. In combining 
these two provisions, we have removed redundant material that was 
contained in initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.1 and 5.140.

Sec.  5.150 General Effective Dates of Awards or Increased Benefits

    Several commenters questioned the use of the phrase ``date 
entitlement arose'' in place of the phrase ``facts found''. In the 
preamble to the proposed rule, we explained our decision to use ``date 
entitlement arose'' by the need for consistency throughout part 5 as 
well as our understanding that the two terms meant the same thing and 
are used interchangeably. One commenter did not agree that ``facts 
found'' and ``date entitlement arose'' were interchangeable terms. 
Rather, the commenter asserted that ``facts found'' is an alternative 
to ``date entitlement arose'' because the latter presumably arises as a 
matter of law, such as once a claim is actually filed, but is only 
compensable beginning from a date that is supported by the factual 
evidence. We believe that the phrase ``date entitlement arose'' will be 
clearer to lay persons than the phrase ``facts found'', and that Sec.  
5.150(a)(2) makes clear that the phrase ``date entitlement arose'' 
refers to what the factual evidence shows rather than to procedural 
requirements such as filing claims. Also, VA regulations have long used 
``date entitlement arose'' without the confusion the commenter 
described. We note that we do not intend any substantive changes to the 
determination of the effective dates for benefits based on this 
substitution of phrases.
    The same commenter also felt that it would be unnecessary and 
possibly confusing to a Veterans Service Representative to pick the 
latter of either the ``date of receipt of the claim'' under paragraph 
(a)(1) or ``date entitlement arose'' under paragraph (a)(2). The 
commenter felt that the date of receipt of a claim would presumably 
always be the later date, since veterans usually experience a 
disability before filing a claim of entitlement to compensation. The 
commenter asserted that VA adjudicators sometimes assign ``the later 
effective dates based on the reasoning that increased disability was 
not factually ascertainable until proven by a VA examination or medical 
opinion.''
    We propose not to make any changes based on this comment because 
while (a)(2) acknowledges that the date entitlement arose usually 
precedes the filing of a claim, this may not always be the case. For 
example, a veteran may file a claim but have it properly denied due to 
lack of evidence. However, if the veteran later files new evidence that 
shows that the veteran did not meet all the criteria for a benefit on 
the date the claim was received, but his or her medical condition 
changed so that the criteria were satisfied while the appeal was still 
pending, the date entitlement arose will be after the claim was 
received. Regarding the assertion that VA adjudicators sometimes assign 
later effective dates because an increased disability was not factually 
ascertainable until proven by a VA examination or medical opinion, we 
note that VA has authority to accept non-VA medical records or lay 
statements as a basis for setting an effective date.
    In responding to these comments, we noted that the first sentence 
of paragraph (a)(2) could be clarified. In the NPRM, it read, ``For the 
purposes of this part, `date entitlement arose' means the date shown by 
the evidence to be the date that the claimant first met the 
requirements for the benefit awarded.'' We now propose to simplify this 
sentence to read, ``For purposes of this part, `date entitlement arose' 
means the date that the claimant first met the requirements for the 
benefit as shown by the evidence.''
    Another commenter suggested keeping the phrase ``facts found'' 
because he did not think the phrase was ambiguous or unclear. We have 
reconsidered the replacement of ``facts found'' with ``date entitlement 
arose'', however, we decline to keep the phrase ``facts found''. As 
discussed above, the phrase ``date entitlement arose'' is easier to 
interpret and apply as it is more instructive as to how VA will make an 
effective date determination. Furthermore, we do not intend this 
substitution of the phrases as a substantive change in determining 
effective dates for benefits.
    One commenter suggested that VA should assume that entitlement to 
benefits arises as of the date of receipt of the claim rather than 
before the receipt of the claim. In the commenter's view, ``this would 
prevent a conflict with 38 U.S.C. 5110(b)(2)''. We disagree with the 
commenter and do not see a conflict between the regulation and statute. 
Indeed, if VA assumed that entitlement to benefits arises as of the 
date of receipt of the claim, rather than beforehand, that would 
deprive veterans of potential entitlement to earlier effective dates 
under Sec.  5110(b)(2). We therefore propose to make no changes based 
on this comment.

Changes to Sec.  5.150 Not in Response to Comments

    We omitted the provisions of current Sec.  3.400(h)(3) from the 
AM01 NPRM without any explanation in the preamble. For the reasons 
discussed below, we propose to omit them from part 5.
    Section 3.400(h)(3) states, ``As to decisions which have become 
final (by appellate decision or failure to timely initiate and perfect 
an appeal) and reconsideration is undertaken solely on Department of 
Veterans Affairs initiative, [the effective date of an award based on 
such a reconsideration will be] the date of Central Office approval 
authorizing a favorable decision or the date of the favorable Board of 
Veterans[`] Appeals decision.'' The current structure of Sec.  3.400(h) 
first appeared in the CFR in 1969. See 38 CFR 3.400(h) (34 FR 8703, 
June 3, 1969). VA maintained the previous distinction between non-final 
and final decisions, and also created distinct provisions governing 
final decisions based on the method used to reconsider or reopen the 
case. VA Regulations, Compensation and Pension, Transmittal Sheet 437 
at I,

[[Page 71085]]

132-3R (May 21, 1969). Paragraphs (h)(1) and (2) cover the most common 
difference of opinion situations and distinguish between non-final and 
final decisions. See id. Paragraph (h)(3) was added to apply to those 
admittedly ``rare instances in which there has been final adjudication 
and no application for consideration or reopening has been submitted.'' 
Id.
    For claims that the Board reconsiders and grants ``on its own 
initiative'', there is no distinct effective date rule. VA Central 
Office reconsiders only non-final decisions under its ``difference of 
opinion'' authority (see Sec.  5.163), not final decisions. Indeed, it 
has no statutory or regulatory authority to reconsider final decisions. 
We are therefore not restating the (h)(3) Central Office provision in 
part 5.
    The initially proposed rule mistakenly omitted the provisions of 
Sec.  3.400(o)(1) (second sentence). This rule states that ``[a] 
retroactive increase or additional benefit will not be awarded after 
basic entitlement has been terminated, such as by severance of service 
connection.'' We propose to correct this omission by adding a paragraph 
(b) and redesignating proposed paragraph (b) as paragraph (c).
    As stated in the AM01 NPRM, proposed Sec.  5.150(b), now Sec.  
5.150(c), is a table of the location of other effective-date provisions 
in part 5, which are exceptions to the general effective date rule of 
proposed paragraph (a). As stated in the proposed rulemaking, the table 
is for informational purposes. We propose to add the sentence, ``This 
table does not confer any substantive rights'', to clarify that it is a 
reference tool, and not a substantive rule.
    Also, as stated in the preamble to the initially proposed rule, the 
table showed both already published and as yet unpublished part 5 
regulations, which were subject to change. In this NPRM, we have 
updated the table to reflect the updated part 5 citations. We have also 
moved the references to effective dates of reductions and 
discontinuances to a separate table in Sec.  5.705(b). As a result, 
proposed Sec.  5.150(b), now Sec.  5.150(c), contains only effective 
date provisions for awards or increased benefits. Having separate 
tables for each type of effective date will enable readers to more 
easily locate the section they need.

Sec.  5.151 Date of Receipt

    One commenter proposed adopting a mailbox rule instead of the 
current date-of-receipt rule for purposes of filing claims. The 
commenter pointed out that the Board of Veterans' Appeals (the Board) 
accepts the postmark date as evidence of a document having been timely 
filed, and suggested that VA should adopt a similar rule for claims. 
See 38 CFR 20.305 (concerning how the Board will calculate the time 
limit for filing). We decline to adopt the commenter's suggestion 
because VA is prohibited by statute from awarding an effective date for 
a claim earlier than the date of receipt of the application or claim, 
unless specifically authorized. According to 38 U.S.C. 5110(a), 
``[u]nless specifically provided otherwise in this chapter, the 
effective date of an award based on an original claim, a claim reopened 
after final adjudication, or a claim for increase, of compensation, 
dependency and indemnity compensation, or pension, shall be fixed in 
accordance with the facts found, but shall not be earlier than the date 
of receipt of application therefor.'' Having a date-of-receipt rule 
provides for certainty and consistency in determining when a document 
relating to a claim is received.
    Initially proposed paragraph (b) consisted of one 93-word sentence. 
We propose to break the paragraph into three sentences, which will make 
the paragraph easier to read and understand.

Sec.  5.152 Effective Dates Based on Change of Law or VA Issue

    One commenter suggested that we reconsider our decision to restate 
Sec.  3.114(a) without change. The commenter believed that Sec.  
3.114(a) was very difficult to understand and was neither claimant-
focused nor user-friendly. In response to this comment, we propose to 
revise initially proposed Sec.  5.152 to state the provisions in the 
active voice, replace unnecessarily technical language with more 
commonly understood language, and reorganize the provisions into a more 
logical order.
    The commenter set forth a detailed fact pattern and then correctly 
explained how the rule applied to those facts. The commenter then 
suggested that ``any documented handling of a veteran's claims folder 
following a liberalizing change in law [should] constitute a claim for 
the newly available benefit'' (emphasis in original). The commenter's 
concern was with VA's regulation authorizing retroactive payment of 
benefits for a period of 1 year prior to the date of receipt of a claim 
or the date of a VA-initiated review, if the claimant requests a review 
or VA initiates a review more than 1 year after the effective date of 
the law or VA issue. The commenter believed that such payments should 
be retroactive to the date of the first documented handling of the 
claims file following the effective date of the law or VA issue.
    We decline to make any such change because it would be 
administratively burdensome and an extremely inefficient method of 
claims processing. The term ``claim'' is defined in Sec.  5.1 as ``a 
formal or informal communication in writing requesting a determination 
of entitlement, or evidencing a belief in entitlement, to a benefit 
under this part.'' In other words, a claimant must identify the benefit 
sought. It would be unreasonable to require that, for example, the date 
of receipt of a change-of-address request, which would result in a 
handling of the claims file unrelated to a claim for compensation, 
serve as the effective date for retroactive benefits in a compensation 
claim.
    The commenter also suggested that we define the phrase 
``administrative determination of entitlement''. The commenter did not 
explain how he believes the phrase is confusing, but the ordinary 
dictionary meaning of those words is clear. We note that a court has 
previously held that the meaning of this phrase is clear and consistent 
with its authorizing statute. McCay v. Brown, 106 F.3d 1577, 1580 (Fed. 
Cir. 1997). We therefore propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.152(b) we used the term ``payment''. 
We have determined that this term is too narrow because it excludes 
benefits that have no payment, for example a service-connected 
disability that was rated noncompensable. We have, therefore, used the 
term ``benefits'' instead, which is defined in Sec.  5.1 as ``any 
payment, service, commodity, function, or status, entitlement to which 
is determined under this part.''
    In Sec.  5.152(d)(2), we propose to replace the phrase ``the award 
will be reduced or discontinued effective the last day of the month in 
which the 60-day period expired'' with ``VA will pay a reduced rate or 
discontinue the benefit effective the first day of the month after the 
end of the notice period''. This change in terminology does not affect 
the payment made to a beneficiary based on a reduction or 
discontinuance. The purpose of this change is to remedy any confusion 
that Veterans Service Representatives or beneficiaries may have 
experienced in interpreting the former part 3 language, as well as to 
establish uniform language for describing how to calculate effective 
dates.

[[Page 71086]]

Sec.  5.153 Effective Date of Awards Based on Receipt of Evidence Prior 
to End of Appeal Period or Before a Final Board Decision

    One commenter suggested that we define the term ``appeal period''. 
The term ``appeal period'' does not need a definition. The ordinary 
dictionary meanings for the words are sufficient to define the term. 
The commenter also recommended that the term ``appeal period'' be 
defined as any time ``after a timely [Notice of Disagreement] and 
timely Substantive Appeal have been received''. We decline to make such 
a change because the suggested definition is incorrect. A timely Notice 
of Disagreement (NOD) and Substantive Appeal are the triggers that 
initiate appellate review by the Board. The ``appeal period'', however, 
begins with the date of mailing of notice to a claimant concerning a 
decision made by the agency of original jurisdiction. See 38 CFR 20.302 
through 20.306. The ``appeal period'' ends 1 year after the notice date 
if no NOD is received. Id. We agree, however, that proposed Sec.  5.153 
needs a cross-reference to 38 CFR parts 19 and 20 in order to instruct 
the reader on how to appeal to the Board. This proposed change will 
eliminate the need to define ``appeal period'' in part 5, as suggested 
by the commenter.
    We believe that the heading of this section may have caused 
confusion. Therefore, we propose to revise the heading of Sec.  5.153 
to make clear that the regulation refers to both the appeal period and 
the time period after an appeal has been filed but before a final 
decision has been rendered.
    The commenter also suggested that all evidence received between the 
date of receipt of a claim and expiration of the appeal period must be 
considered as having been filed in connection with the claim which was 
pending at the beginning of the appeal period, and, in claims for 
increase, evidence received during the 1-year period before the date of 
receipt of the claim must also be considered. Proposed 5.4(b) states 
that ``VA will base its decisions on a review of the entire record.'' 
Therefore VA must consider the evidence described by the commenter.
    One commenter believed that proposed Sec.  5.153 would not 
prescribe the same effective date for an award based on evidence 
received during an appeal period as would have applied ``had that 
evidence been submitted and been of record at the time of the decision 
under appeal''. Proposed Sec.  5.153 prescribed the effective date used 
in proposed Sec.  5.150 (the general effective date provision for 
awards or increased benefits) for calculating an effective date based 
on information or evidence received during the appeal period. The 
intent in referencing this general effective date provision is to use 
the same effective date for awarding a benefit as if the final decision 
being appealed had not been decided. We disagree with the commenter 
that proposed Sec.  5.153 would lead to a different result than its 
part 3 predecessors, Sec. Sec.  3.156(b) and 3.400(q)(1). However, 
based on the comment, we have reviewed the last sentence of initially 
proposed Sec.  5.153 and propose to clarify it by replacing it with the 
language in the last sentence of current Sec.  3.400(q)(1), which 
states, ``The effective date will be as though the former decision had 
not been rendered.'' This change would still lead to the same result as 
the proposed rule because Sec.  5.150 is still the applicable general 
effective date provision. We therefore propose to replace the reference 
to Sec.  5.150 in our regulation text with a cross reference.
    This same commenter had several concerns about the preamble 
discussion of proposed Sec.  5.153 which the commenter believed would 
cause ``misapplication of the law''. The commenter expressed concern 
with our statement that ``if the evidence is submitted within the 
appeal period or before an appellate decision is rendered, then the 
effective date of the award can be as early as the date VA received the 
`open' claim.'' 72 FR 28778, May 22, 2007. The commenter noted that 
``an effective date can be earlier than the date VA first received the 
open claim.'' The commenter is correct to the extent that the 
commenter's statement is consistent with 38 U.S.C. 5110, and we did not 
intend any conclusion to the contrary.
    Similarly, the commenter questioned VA's explanation regarding the 
removal of the qualifier ``new and material'' from proposed Sec.  
5.153, which is based on current Sec.  3.156(b). 72 FR 28778, May 22, 
2007. Specifically, the commenter disagreed with our statement that 
``if VA were to treat all evidence submitted after the appeal period 
has begun as `new and material evidence,' then the effective date could 
not be earlier than the date VA received that evidence (which could be 
construed as a claim to reopen).'' Id. We note that any ambiguity in 
this statement is addressed by our other statement in the preamble to 
the proposed rule that ``[t]he current regulation [, Sec.  3.156(b),] 
can be read to suggest that new and material evidence is needed while 
the claim is still `open.' However, in such cases there is no claim to 
`reopen' because the claim has not been `closed' (that is, the claimant 
could still prevail on that claim).'' 72 FR 28778, May 22, 2007. We 
therefore propose to make no change based on this comment.
    Finally, we propose to not include current Sec. Sec.  3.400(p) and 
3.500(u) in part 5. These paragraphs are merely cross-references to 
effective-date provisions (currently in 38 CFR 3.114) are not necessary 
in part 5.

Sec.  5.160 Binding Effect of VA Decisions

    One commenter questioned our decision not to repeat the 38 CFR 
3.104(b) phrase ``made in accordance with existing instructions'' in 
proposed Sec.  5.160(b). The commenter was concerned that our removal 
of the language would allow VA employees to disregard their procedural 
manuals and other VA guidance documents. As explained in our preamble 
discussion of the proposed rule, our reason for not including the 
language in our rewrite was because the ``references to internal 
procedural manuals and other VA-generated documents that lack the force 
and effect of law are not appropriate for inclusion in the 
regulations''. 72 FR 28770, May 22, 2007. The problem we addressed by 
removing the phrase ``made in accordance with existing VA 
instructions'' is that substantive rules in procedural manuals and 
other VA documents that were not promulgated in accordance with the 
Administrative Procedure Act (APA) are not enforceable against 
claimants or beneficiaries. Where VA issuances confer a right, 
privilege, or benefit, or impose a duty or obligation on VA 
beneficiaries or other members of the public, VA continues to be bound 
by notice and comment requirements under the APA. See Fugere v. 
Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. 103 (1990). Therefore, we propose not to make 
any changes based on this comment.

Sec.  5.161 Review of Benefit Claims Decisions

    We received several comments regarding this proposed regulation. 
One commenter suggested that ``whether a hearing is ordered or not, 
[Sec.  5.161] should be amended to require the Service Center Manager 
or Decision Review Officer who conducts post-decision review to be 
subject to the same duty-to-inform obligation as VA hearing officers 
are now required under 38 CFR [3.103(c)(2)]''. The commenter mistakenly 
cited to 38 CFR 3.301(c)(2), but the duties of VA employees who conduct 
hearings are set forth in Sec.  3.103(c)(2).

[[Page 71087]]

    We agree with the commenter that VA should assist a claimant or 
beneficiary in developing his or her claim whenever possible and that 
the duty-to-inform is not limited to situations where a claimant 
requests a hearing. In practice, VA reviewers already suggest 
additional sources of evidence during informal conferences. Therefore, 
we propose to add a sentence to Sec.  5.161(c) stating that, ``In an 
informal conference, the reviewer will explain fully the issues and 
suggest the submission of evidence the claimant may have overlooked 
that would tend to prove the claim.''
    One commenter questioned the accuracy of the statement, ``The 
review will be conducted by a Veterans Service Center Manager or 
Decision Review Officer, at VA's discretion.'' The commenter believed 
this statement was incorrect and referred to a VA application which the 
commenter believed provided ``a right of election in these matters''. 
We decline to make a change based on this comment. Proposed Sec.  5.161 
pertains to a review before the agency of original jurisdiction, which 
is usually conducted by a Decision Review Officer (DRO). However, where 
a DRO is unavailable, VA reserves the right to have a Veterans Service 
Center Manager (VSCM) conduct the review. Proposed Sec.  5.161 is based 
on Sec.  3.2600, which contains this language as well.
    One commenter questioned whether paragraphs (a) and (e) contain 
contradictory provisions. According to the commenter, ``If the reviewer 
may only review a decision that has not yet become final, . . . how 
[can] this same reviewer . . . [also] reverse or revise (even if 
disadvantageous to the claimant) prior decisions of an agency of 
original jurisdiction (including the decision being reviewed or any 
prior decision that has become final) . . . on the grounds of [clear 
and unmistakable error]'' (internal quotations omitted). We disagree 
that paragraphs (a) and (e) are contradictory. While it is true that 
the scope of review under proposed Sec.  5.161(a) is limited to the 
decision with which the claimant has expressed disagreement in the NOD, 
prior decisions are always subject to reversal or revision for clear 
and unmistakable error (CUE). As proposed Sec.  5.162(d) explains, CUE 
is a very specific and rare kind of error reserved for situations where 
reasonable minds cannot differ about the nature of the error. 
Specifically, while a reviewer may not be looking for such CUE during 
the review, if the reviewer encounters one, paragraph (e), as well as 
Sec.  5.162, allow for reversal or revision of the decision containing 
that error. We therefore propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.161(b), we stated that VA will, 
``notify the claimant in writing of his or her right to review under 
this section.'' Because we have defined ``notice'' in Sec.  5.1 as ``a 
written communication VA sends a claimant or beneficiary at his or her 
latest address of record, and to his or her designated representative 
and fiduciary, if any'', we propose to revise paragraph (b) to state 
that VA will ``send notice to the claimant . . .'', to be consistent 
with our definition.

Sec.  5.162 Revision of Agency of Original Jurisdiction Decisions Based 
on Clear and Unmistakable Error

    In reviewing comments received regarding initially proposed Sec.  
5.162, we determined that this section should be revised and 
reorganized to improve readability. We propose to add new paragraphs 
(a) ``Scope''; (b) ``Review for clear and unmistakable error (CUE)''; 
(c) ``Binding decisions and final decisions''; and (d) ``What 
constitutes CUE''; and redesignate initially proposed paragraph (b) as 
paragraph (e).
    We also determined that Sec.  5.162 mistakenly omitted the 
provision in 38 CFR 3.400(k), which states, ``Error (Sec.  3.105). Date 
from which benefits would have been payable if the corrected decision 
had been made on the date of the reversed decision.'' We have added 
this provision to Sec.  5.162(f), restated for better clarity: ``In 
such cases, benefits are payable effective on the date from which 
benefits would have been payable if the corrected decision had been 
made on the date of the reversed decision.''
    We received several comments based on this proposed regulation. One 
commenter suggested that we define the terms ``reversed'' and 
``revised''. We decline to adopt this suggestion because we prefer to 
rely on the common dictionary meanings of these terms and do not wish 
to deviate from these commonly understood meanings.
    The same commenter noted that the cross reference to 38 CFR 20.1403 
in proposed paragraph (a) is inadequate for purposes of adjudicating 
compensation and pension claims. The commenter suggested that VA should 
create a new subpart in part 5 that ``will expressly set out for 
claimants and their representatives what it takes to file, raise, and 
prevail in a [claim] of clear and unmistakable error''. We agree with 
the commenter that it will be helpful to include the relevant portions 
of Sec.  20.1403 in part 5. Newly proposed paragraph (d) includes 
language from the first paragraph of Sec.  20.1403 by explaining what 
CUE is. We decline, however, to make the proposed change in a new 
subpart because such a change is beyond the scope of this project. We 
are also removing the cross reference so readers will not infer that 
Sec.  20.1403 applies to CUE claims at the AOJ.
    One commenter urged that VA include in Sec.  5.162, ``[t]he filing 
and pleading requirements that are necessary in presenting successful 
CUE claims . . .'', but offered no rationale for the suggestion. The 
same commenter urged that VA include provisions stating the 
``relationship of clear and unmistakable error claims to other 
statutes, regulations and legal doctrines'', but offered no rationale 
for the suggestion.
    VA has established procedures for filing claims (Sec. Sec.  5.50 
through 5.57). Claims for CUE require the same procedures. Proposed 
paragraph (d) clearly informs claimants what they must show in order to 
prove CUE. Regarding the suggestion about the relationship of CUE to 
other statutes, regulations and legal doctrines, this type of analysis 
is not germane to the regulation because it would not inform the public 
about VA's duties or claimants' rights or duties. We therefore propose 
to make no changes based on these two comments.
    In the NPRM preamble discussion of Sec.  5.162, we stated that the 
intent of the section is to convey that VA adjudicative agency 
decisions that are final will be presumed correct unless there is a 
showing of CUE. We also stated:

    The requirement of a showing of CUE applies only to a ``final 
decision,'' as defined by proposed Sec.  5.2 to mean ``a decision on 
a claim for VA benefits with respect to which VA provided the 
claimant with written notice'' and the claimant either did not file 
a timely Notice of Disagreement or Substantive Appeal or the Board 
has issued a final decision on the claim. See 71 FR 16464, 16473-74 
(March 31, 2006). We also proposed to incorporate 38 U.S.C. 5109A(c) 
and (d), which state that a CUE claim may be instituted by VA or 
upon request of the claimant and that a CUE claim may be made at any 
time after a final decision is made.

    One commenter interpreted proposed Sec.  5.162 as meaning that only 
final decisions can be reviewed for CUE. The commenter noted that the 
term ``final'' is not contained in the CUE statute, 38 U.S.C. 5109A, 
which states, ``A request for revision of a decision of the Secretary 
based on clear and unmistakable error may be made at any time after 
that decision is made.''
    The commenter asked why, if a claimant has filed a notice of 
disagreement and has not elected review

[[Page 71088]]

under proposed Sec.  5.161, VA should be unable to correct the decision 
if it is found to be clearly and unmistakably erroneous. The commenter 
further asked why, if VA discovered a CUE after a ``binding'' decision 
but before it became final under Sec.  3.160(d), the decision should 
not be subject to immediate correction.
    The commenter asserted, ``The law does not limit a claim of CUE to 
a final VA decision, but rather more accurately contemplates a 
`binding' decision as defined in proposed Sec.  5.160(a),'' which is 
based on 38 CFR 3.104(a). The commenter further asserted that ``[t]his 
would also be consistent with proposed Sec.  5.161(e) [based on Sec.  
3.2600(e)], which permits decision review officers to review a binding, 
but non-final, decision that has been timely appealed and revise that 
decision on the basis of CUE.'' The commenter urged VA to change 
initially proposed Sec.  5.162 to state that CUE can be the basis to 
correct a ``binding'' decision even if the decision has not yet become 
``final''. We agree with the commenter and propose to revise proposed 
Sec.  5.162 as discussed below.
    The courts have consistently stated that a ``final [AOJ] decision'' 
is a prerequisite for a CUE collateral attack. Hines v. Principi, 18 
Vet. App. 227, 236 (2004). Courts have repeatedly found that because an 
AOJ decision was final it was susceptible to reversal or revision based 
on CUE. See Knowles v. Shinseki, 571 F.3d 1167, 1168 (Fed. Cir. 2009) 
(where RO decision was presumptively final because veteran acknowledged 
notice and did not timely appeal, veteran properly raised claim of 
CUE); Hines, 18 Vet. App. at 235-36 (Court assumes RO decision became 
final where veteran filed NOD but not substantive appeal, and ``[s]uch 
a final decision is a prerequisite for a CUE collateral attack'').
    Concomitantly, courts have repeatedly found claims of CUE in AOJ 
decisions improper when that decision was not final, and that CUE may 
not be used to correct non-final decisions. In Norris v. West, 12 Vet. 
App. 413, 422 (1999), the court held, ``as a matter of law that a 
[total disability rating based on individual unemployability] claim was 
reasonably raised to the RO and was not adjudicated. Thus, there is no 
final RO decision on this claim that can be subject to a CUE attack.'' 
See Best v. Brown, 10 Vet. App. 322, 325 (1997) (RO decision not final 
where RO failed to notify veteran, therefore veteran cannot raise CUE 
with respect to that rating decision).
    The courts have not, however, ruled on whether, in order to be 
subject to correction based on CUE, a decision must be ``final'' as 
that term is used in Sec.  3.160(d) (which is based on 38 U.S.C. 
7105(c)). Section 3.160(d) states that a ``finally adjudicated claim'' 
is a decision on a claim, ``the action having become final by the 
expiration of 1 year after the date of notice of an award or 
disallowance. . . .'' We are unaware of any judicial precedent holding 
that, for purposes of CUE review, a decision becomes final only after 
the time to appeal has passed.
    When VA amended 38 CFR 3.105(a) to add the term ``final and 
binding'', it intended the term to have the same meaning in that 
section as it has in Sec.  3.104(a). Specifically, VA meant that 
decisions that are binding on all VA field offices at the time VA 
issues written notification in accordance with 38 U.S.C. 5104 are 
subject to revision for CUE. It did not mean ``final'' under 38 CFR 
3.160(d) (that the decision was not timely appealed or was affirmed by 
the Board.
    A review of the regulatory history of Sec.  3.105(a) shows that VA 
added the ``determinations which are final and binding'' language in a 
1991 rulemaking. 56 FR 65845, Dec. 19, 1991. Prior to that rulemaking, 
38 CFR 3.104(a) used the ``final and binding'' language, but Sec.  
3.105(a) used the language ``determinations on which an action was 
predicated. . . .'' In the preamble to the proposed rule, VA stated, 
``The proposed amendment is intended to clarify that decisions do not 
become final until there has been written notification of the decisions 
to the claimants. . . .'' 55 FR 28234, July 10, 1990. Similarly, in the 
preamble to the final rule, VA stated that the purpose of the amendment 
was, ``to establish by regulation the point at which a decision becomes 
final and binding on all VA field offices.'' It went on to state, 
``That point is reached when VA issues written notification on any 
issues for which it is required that VA provide notice to the claimant. 
. . .'' 56 FR 65845, Dec. 19, 1991.
    In Smith v. Brown, 35 F.3d 1516 (Fed. Cir. 1994), the issue before 
the court was whether an AOJ could reverse or revise a Board decision 
for CUE. In that context, the court analyzed the term ``final and 
binding'' as used in both in Sec. Sec.  3.104(a) and 3.105(a) and found 
that the terms were intended to mean the same thing. Id. at 1523-25.
    Congress codified 38 CFR 3.105(a) as 38 U.S.C. 5109A when it 
enacted Public Law 105-111, sec. 1(a)(1), 111 Stat. 2271 (1997). 
Disabled American Veterans v. Gober, 234 F.3d 682, 686 (Fed. Cir. 
2000). As the court noted in Donovan v. West, 158 F.3d 1377, 1383 (Fed. 
Cir. 1998), ``Although more detailed than [Sec.  3.105(a)], the basic 
substantive provision in [section 5109A] is the same as that in the 
regulation.'' As the commenter noted, Congress did not include any 
finality requirement in that statutory language.
    It has been long-standing VA practice to correct CUE in decisions 
that are ``final and binding'' under 38 CFR 3.105(a), even though they 
have not ``become final by the expiration of 1 year after the date of 
notice [of a decision], or by denial on appellate review, whichever is 
the earlier.'' 38 CFR 3.160(d). We codified this practice in 38 CFR 
3.2600(e), which states the ``reviewer may reverse or revise (even if 
disadvantageous to the claimant) prior decisions of an agency of 
original jurisdiction (including the decision being reviewed or any 
prior decision that has become final due to failure to timely appeal) 
on the grounds of clear and unmistakable error (see Sec.  3.105(a)).'' 
The ``decision being reviewed'' under Sec.  3.2600(e) is one that has 
not ``become final due to failure to timely appeal''.
    Finality under proposed Sec.  5.1 is not a prerequisite for 
correction of a decision based on CUE, and we therefore propose to 
write new paragraph (b) to clearly state that final or non-final 
decisions may be corrected under the CUE doctrine. We propose to 
clarify this point in Sec.  5.162(b) by stating that, ``At any time 
after the AOJ makes a decision, the claimant may request, or VA may 
initiate, AOJ review of the decision to determine if there was CUE in 
the decision.''
    Current Sec.  3.105(a) states, ``[W]here an award is reduced or 
discontinued because of administrative error or error in judgment, the 
provisions of Sec.  3.500(b)(2) will apply.'' While this provision 
tells the reader what effective date provision applies in such cases, 
it is unclear that the standard governing the decision is clear and 
unmistakable error. The intended meaning of this sentence is seen in 
the regulatory history. When VA implemented the effective date rule for 
38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(10), it explained that, ``Payments will be terminated 
under this subparagraph on the basis of clear and unmistakable error. 
(See VA Regulation 1105(A).)'' VA Regulations, Compensation and 
Pension, Transmittal Sheet 271 at iv (Dec. 1, 1962). Although the 
quoted language referred only to ``terminated'' benefits, it cited VA 
Regulation 1105(A), which at that time included both reductions and 
discontinuances of VA benefits. VA Regulations, Compensation and 
Pension, Transmittal Sheet 267 at 37-2R (Dec. 1, 1962). In order to 
clarify this

[[Page 71089]]

point in part 5, we propose to state explicitly in Sec.  5.162(e) that 
when VA reduces or discontinues a benefit resulting from a VA 
administrative error or error in judgment, it applies the clear and 
unmistakable error standard.
    In the AM01 NPRM, we initially proposed to add a new definitions 
section that would define ``administrative error'' and ``error in 
judgment,'' in Sec.  5.165(c)(2). We have determined that, because 
proposed Sec.  5.165 (now renumbered as Sec.  5.166) is an effective 
date regulation and this provision is substantive, it is more logical 
to place it in new Sec.  5.162(e).
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.165(c)(2) included a list of examples of 
administrative errors or errors in judgment. That list included, 
``(iii) Failure to follow or properly apply VA instructions, 
regulation, or statutes.'' We have determined that the term 
``instructions'' is unnecessary. Historically, VA used the term 
``instruction'' to describe the Administrator's binding guidelines for 
implementing newly enacted laws. VA has not issued such ``instructions 
of the Administrator'' since the 1960s. Because VA has not issued such 
instructions since the 1960s, it is not useful to include references to 
them in a list of examples of common sources of administrative error or 
error in judgment.
    Finally, in paragraph (f), ``Effect of reversal or revision on 
benefits'', we propose to add a cross reference to Sec.  5.167(c), the 
effective date rule for reduction or discontinuance of benefits based 
on VA administrative error or error in judgment. This will alert the 
reader that the effective date of such reductions or discontinuances 
differs from the general rule that the revision of a decision 
containing CUE is effective as if the original decision were correctly 
made.

Sec.  5.163 Revision of Decisions Based on Difference of Opinion

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.163 was one 89-word sentence. To improve 
readability we propose to divide it into three sentences. We also 
propose to specify that the revised decision must be more favorable to 
the claimant.

Sec.  5.164 Standard of Proof for Reducing or Discontinuing a Benefit 
Payment or for Severing Service Connection Based on a Beneficiary's Act 
of Commission or Omission

    We have revised the proposed section heading of Sec.  5.164 to 
apply to the several types of adverse actions VA can take upon 
determining a beneficiary obtained a benefit by an act of commission or 
omission. We have revised the headings of Sec. Sec.  5.167 and 5.177 
similarly.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.162(b), we stated, ``[F]or reductions 
or discontinuances based on CUE resulting from an act of commission or 
omission by the beneficiary or with the beneficiary's knowledge, VA 
will apply Sec.  5.165(b).'' In doing so, we mistakenly overlooked that 
the first sentence of 38 CFR 3.105 states, ``The provisions of this 
section apply except where an award was based on an act of commission 
or omission by the payee, or with his or her knowledge. . . .'' Since 
Sec.  3.105 includes the provisions on CUE, CUE is not the proper 
standard for a reduction or discontinuance of a benefit, or for 
severance of service connection, obtained through an act of commission 
or omission.
    We have revised the proposed regulation to include severance of 
service connection among the adverse actions VA will take upon finding 
an act of commission or omission by a preponderance of the evidence, 
rather than by clear and unmistakable evidence. This would be 
consistent with the holding in Roberts v. Shinseki, 23 Vet. App. 416 
(2010), where the court concluded ``that the provisions of Sec.  3.105 
[(d)] do not apply to cases involving severance of service connection 
based on fraud.'' Id., at 428.
    Neither the statutes nor the regulations provide a standard for 
reduction or discontinuance of a benefit obtained through an act of 
commission or omission. In such cases, VA applies its default standard 
of proof, which is preponderance of the evidence. When VA implemented 
38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(9) in VA Regulation 1500(b)(1) (currently 38 CFR 
3.500(b)(1)), it explained that in determining whether benefits were 
based on an act of commission or omission ``[t]he benefit of any doubt 
will be resolved in favor of the payee.'' VA Regulations, Compensation 
and Pension, Transmittal Sheet 271 at iii (Dec. 1, 1962). Thus, when 
the evidence is in equipoise, VA cannot reduce or discontinue benefits. 
But when the evidence against the beneficiary outweighs the evidence 
supporting the beneficiary, the benefit of the doubt doctrine does not 
apply (Gilbert v. Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. 49, 55-56 (1991)), and VA will 
reduce or discontinue.
    Proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(4) states that, ``A fact or issue is 
established by a `preponderance of evidence' when the weight of the 
evidence in support of that fact or issue is greater than the weight of 
the evidence against it.'' The preponderance standard is relatively 
easy for VA adjudicators to apply. It is also a high enough standard to 
protect beneficiaries from arbitrary or capricious reductions or 
discontinuances by VA. We also note that before reducing or 
discontinuing benefits under Sec.  5.164, VA must provide due process 
to the beneficiary under Sec.  5.83(a).
    It will be helpful to inform the public that VA applies the 
preponderance standard in a reduction or discontinuance of a benefit 
obtained through an act of commission or omission. We therefore propose 
to add a new Sec.  5.164, which states, ``VA will reduce or discontinue 
a benefit, or sever service connection, if a preponderance of the 
evidence shows that it resulted in whole or in part, from an award 
based on an act of commission or omission by the beneficiary or an act 
of commission or omission done with the beneficiary's knowledge.''
    Although section 5112(b)(9) does not specify, VA has long 
interpreted it to mean that it applies when an award was based in whole 
or in part on the act of commission or omission. VA General Counsel's 
opinion VAOPGCPREC 2-90, 55 FR 27756 (July 7, 1990). We propose to 
include the phrase ``in whole or in part'' in paragraph (a) to make 
this point.
    As stated in Sec.  5.162(b), in a CUE claim, VA's review will be 
based ``only on the evidence of record and the law in effect when the 
AOJ made the decision.'' However, no such restriction applies when VA 
reduces or discontinues a benefit, or severs service connection, for 
reasons other than CUE. To ensure that readers are aware of this, we 
propose to insert the following sentence into Sec.  5.164(a), ``The 
review will be based on the law in effect when the agency of original 
jurisdiction (AOJ) made the decision and on all evidence currently of 
record, regardless of whether it was of record at that time.''
    In proposed Sec.  5.164(b), we provide readers with examples of an 
act of commission or omission by the beneficiary or an act of 
commission or omission done with the beneficiary's knowledge. We 
selected all but the fourth of these examples because they are some of 
the most common situations in which VA reduces or discontinues 
benefits. We included the fourth example, service connection obtained 
by fraud, because severance of service connection greatly affects a 
veteran's benefits. Paragraph (b) is not an exclusive list of acts of 
commission or omission.

[[Page 71090]]

Sec.  5.167 Effective Dates for Reducing or Discontinuing a Benefit 
Payment, or for Severing Service Connection, Based on Omission or 
Commission, or Based on Administrative Error or Error in Judgment

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.165 (now renumbered Sec.  5.167) we 
inadvertently omitted severance of service connection in the list of 
actions for which initially proposed Sec.  5.165 provided effective 
dates. The regulation was incomplete without it, because VA will sever 
service connection if a claimant obtained it by an act of commission or 
omission, or if VA granted service connection because of its 
administrative error or error in judgment. We therefore propose to add 
this severance provision.
    We propose to add a new Sec.  5.164 and renumber initially proposed 
Sec.  5.166 as Sec.  5.165, and therefore we have renumbered initially 
proposed Sec.  5.164 as Sec.  5.166 and initially proposed Sec.  5.165 
as Sec.  5.167. One commenter suggested that initially proposed Sec.  
5.165(c) effectively would permit VA to ``take adverse action against 
claimants on much lower showings of VA error than the law governing CUE 
permits''. We disagree with this comment. This paragraph merely 
implements the statutory provision in 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(10). It does 
not address the standard applicable to VA decisions to reduce or 
discontinue benefits.
    The commenter apparently believed that CUE and VA administrative 
error are similar in that both can result in a decision to reduce or 
discontinue an award, with VA administrative error having to meet a 
lower standard than CUE. That is not correct. Proposed Sec.  5.165 is 
an effective date provision which sets different dates for reduction or 
discontinuance of benefits depending on whether the beneficiary or VA 
made an error. When CUE or severance of service connection and is based 
on a beneficiary's act of commission or omission, VA corrects the award 
retroactively. When CUE results in a reduction or discontinuance of an 
award or severance of service connection and is based solely on VA 
error, VA corrects the award prospectively. VA is not lowering the 
standard for finding error that result in the reduction or 
discontinuance of benefits and these part 5 rules would not cause such 
an effect. We therefore propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    Lastly, initially proposed Sec.  5.165(c)(2) provided a list of 
administrative errors or errors in judgment. VA does not intend this 
list to be exclusive, so we propose to add the phrase ``but are not 
limited to'' to this provision, which is now included in Sec.  
5.162(e), in order to avoid that mistaken impression.

Sec.  5.170 Calculation of 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year Periods to 
Qualify for Protection.

    In the preamble to initially proposed Sec.  5.170, we failed to 
state that paragraph (a) is a new scope provision informing the reader 
of the rules gathered in Sec.  5.170 (Sec. Sec.  3.344, 3.951, and 
3.957).
    One commenter suggested that proposed Sec.  5.170(a) was unclear 
because a rating has to be ``in effect'' for 10 years before service 
connection is protected, but a rating has to be ``continuous'' for 5 
years for a disability to be considered stabilized and ``continuous'' 
for 20 years for the disability level to be protected. The commenter 
suggested that we use either ``in effect'' or ``continuous'', or 
explain why we use different terms.
    For the following reasons, we decline to make a change based on 
this comment. We use different terms because different rights are being 
protected. As noted in the preamble to the initially proposed rule, a 
precedent opinion, VA General Counsel's opinion VAOPGCPREC 5-95, 60 FR 
19808 (Apr. 20, 1995), held that a disability could be considered 
``continuously rated'' at or above a specified level for purposes of 38 
U.S.C. 110 only if there was no interruption or discontinuance of the 
compensation being paid based on that rating for a period of 20 years 
or more. The statute provides this protection because veterans become 
dependent on a certain level of compensation when it has been paid 
without interruption for such a long period of time.
    Similarly, when a disability has been continuously rated at the 
same level for 5 years or more, VA considers it to be stabilized. This 
provides some measure of protection in that the veteran is less likely 
to experience a reduction in compensation in the future or be subjected 
to repetitive examinations that yield the same result time after time. 
In both cases, when the term ``continuous'' is used, the protection 
provided concerns the level of compensation.
    On the other hand, the term ``in effect'' is used only in 
connection with the 10-year protection afforded by 38 U.S.C. 1159 for 
service-connected status. There is no discussion of interrupted 
compensation payments breaking the continuity of a rating. Once service 
connection has been granted for a disability, that status is unaffected 
by variations in the level of compensation. If that status remains ``in 
effect'' for 10 years, service connection cannot be severed in the 
absence of fraud or military records showing the person did not have 
the requisite service or character of discharge. Since disability level 
and service-connected status are different concepts, it is appropriate 
to use different terms when discussing their protection criteria.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.170(b) stated, ``A protection period 
begins on the effective date of the rating decision and ends on the 
date that service connection would be severed or the rating would be 
reduced, after due process has been provided.'' We believe the term 
``protection period'' could be misinterpreted to mean that a rating is 
protected during this period. It is merely a qualifying period that 
triggers the protections in Sec. Sec.  5.171, 5.172, and 5.175. We have 
revised this paragraph to clarify that point and reorganized the 
language to improve readability.
    The same commenter suggested that the language in initially 
proposed Sec.  5.170(c) was unclear because it did not explain whether 
the continuity of a rating resumes after a veteran is discharged from 
active military service. Currently, proposed Sec.  5.170(c) provides 
that ``a rating is not continuous if benefits based on that rating are 
discontinued or interrupted because the veteran reentered active 
service.'' As noted above, in the preamble discussion for the proposed 
rule, we cited to VAOGCPREC 5-95, which held:

    Where compensation is discontinued following reentry into active 
service in accordance with the statutory prohibition on payment of 
compensation for a period in which an individual receives active-
service pay, the continuity of the rating is interrupted for 
purposes of the rating-protection provisions of 38 U.S.C. 110 and 
the disability cannot be considered to have been continuously rated 
during the period in which compensation is discontinued.

    Moreover, VA generally does not have the ability to examine 
veterans once they have returned to active duty, nor does it have a 
reason to do so, so VA generally cannot determine whether their 
condition has improved during that time. Such veterans can still 
satisfy the protection criteria of 38 U.S.C. 110, but the qualifying 
period for protection must begin anew upon resumption of compensation. 
We therefore propose not to adopt the change suggested by the 
commenter.
    Another commenter questioned whether receipt of active duty for 
training (ACDUTRA) pay breaks the continuity of payment for purposes of 
protection. The former part 3 cross reference (Sec.  3.654) that 
followed Sec.  5.170(c), which has since been updated with its part 5 
counterpart Sec.  5.746, clarifies that ``active military service pay 
means pay received for active duty, active duty for training or

[[Page 71091]]

inactive duty training''. Therefore, receipt of ACDUTRA pay is 
considered to be receipt of active military service pay, which operates 
to break continuity of payment for purposes of breaking continuity of a 
rating. We therefore propose not to make any changes to Sec.  5.170 
based on this comment.

Sec.  5.171 Protection of 5-Year Stabilized Ratings

    One commenter observed that the NPRM misquoted sentence 5 of Sec.  
3.344(a) as follows: ``. . . sentence 5, which states, `lists those 
diseases that will not be reduced . . . ' '' (emphasis in comment) 72 
FR 28782, May 22, 2007. The commenter is correct, the quoted language 
actually paraphrased sentence 5 of Sec.  3.344(a). We rewrote sentence 
5 of Sec.  3.344(a) as proposed paragraph (d)(2), reorganized for 
clarity. The comment, though accurate, does not require any change from 
the proposed regulation.
    This commenter asserted that Sec.  3.344 is a very difficult 
regulation full of outdated, superfluous verbiage, much of which we 
could discard. The commenter however, gave one example, specifically 
the eighth sentence of Sec.  3.344(a) (initially proposed as Sec.  
5.171(d)(6)), which the commenter asserted was meaningless. That 
sentence stated, ``When syphilis of the central nervous system or 
alcoholic deterioration is diagnosed following a long prior history of 
psychosis, psychoneurosis, epilepsy, or the like, it is rarely possible 
to exclude persistence, in masked form, of the preceding innocently 
acquired manifestations.''
    We disagree that this provision is meaningless, but we conclude it 
is not useful because it does not provide any instruction, impose any 
duty, or convey any right. The sentence essentially informs VA 
employees who perform disability ratings that syphilis and alcoholic 
deterioration diagnosed after a long prior history of ``psychosis, 
psychoneurosis, epilepsy, or the like,'' can mask the persistent prior 
disease, and therefore the focus of the rating decision should be the 
``preceding innocently acquired manifestations.'' Initially proposed 
paragraph (d)(6) does not actually instruct VA to take any specific 
action. It does not impose any specific duty different than does 
paragraph (d)(2) for diseases subject to episodic improvement, and it 
does not convey any rights in addition to those stated in paragraph 
(d)(2). Consequently, we agree that it is confusing surplus and propose 
not to repeat the eighth sentence of Sec.  3.344(a) in part 5.
    One commenter asked us to clarify that improvement in a veteran's 
disability condition must be demonstrated before VA can reduce a 
stabilized disability rating. The commenter suggested that before VA 
can reduce a disability rating, not only must it be determined that an 
improvement to a disability has actually occurred, but also that the 
improvement reflects an improvement in the veteran's ability to 
function under ordinary conditions of life.
    In response to this comment, we note that initially proposed Sec.  
5.171(c) stated, in pertinent part, that VA will not reduce a 
stabilized rating unless there is evidence of material improvement and 
VA may reduce a stabilized rating when an examination shows sustainable 
material improvement, physical or mental, in the disability, and the 
evidence shows that it is reasonably certain that the material 
improvement will be maintained under the ordinary conditions of life.
    As a practical matter, it is doubtful that there would be a case in 
which the evidence shows that it is reasonably certain that the 
material improvement will be maintained under the ordinary conditions 
of life unless there had already been material improvement under the 
ordinary conditions of life. Therefore, we propose to add ``under the 
ordinary conditions of life'' to proposed paragraph (c)(1), to read, 
``An examination shows material improvement in the disability, under 
the ordinary conditions of life . . .''
    In addition, we propose to remove the word ``sustainable'' because 
it refers to the veteran's future condition, which is covered by 
paragraph (c)(2). We propose to change the word ``when'' to ``if'' in 
the second sentence of paragraph (c) because ``when'' incorrectly 
implies that the veteran's condition will eventually improve. Lastly, 
we propose to remove the phrase, ``physical or mental''. It is 
unnecessary because all disabilities are either physical or mental.
    One commenter suggested that paragraph (d) is vague and ambiguous 
because it does not explain when medical examinations for purposes of 
determining material improvement would be administered. The commenter 
also thought that the paragraph failed to explain whether ``VA will 
follow any standards or rules when it chooses certain veterans for a 
new examination, or if VA will use subjective criteria in its 
selection''.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.171 does not include the standards VA 
applies when determining whether and when to reexamine a veteran 
because these standards are described in detail in proposed Sec.  
5.102, ``Reexamination requirements''. Based on this comment, we 
propose to add a cross reference to Sec.  5.102 at the end of Sec.  
5.171.
    One commenter questioned whether proposed paragraph (d) would 
create tension with the standard governing reduction of total 
disability ratings under Sec.  3.343. Section 3.343 pertains to the 
rule governing continuance of total disability ratings and outlines a 
list of mandatory considerations that VA must take into account before 
reducing such total disability ratings. The commenter expressed concern 
over whether adoption of Sec.  5.171(d) would in effect ``allow 
adjudicators to bypass the established protections of Sec.  3.343 in 
favor of reducing a total evaluation by . . . more lenient 
conditions''. Proposed Sec.  5.171(d) would not have such an effect. It 
is a rewrite of Sec.  3.344(a), which simply provides guidance on 
factors that VA will consider before reducing disability ratings that 
have either become stable or otherwise were made on account of diseases 
that are subject to temporary or episodic improvement. The part 5 
counterpart to Sec.  3.343 is Sec.  5.286, which will govern the 
continuance of total disability ratings. We therefore propose to make 
no changes based on this comment.
    One commenter suggested that the organization of paragraph (d)(1) 
could be improved by separating the topic of ``how VA will determine 
whether there has been material improvement'' from ``what types of 
evidence a complete medical record consists of''. The commenter 
recommended reorganizing the last sentence of paragraph (d)(1) and its 
paragraphs into a new paragraph (d)(5) after our discussion concerning 
what constitutes material improvement. We agree with this suggestion 
and propose to add a new paragraph (d)(5) consisting of the last 
sentence of paragraph (d)(1) and its paragraphs. We propose to 
redesignate initially proposed paragraph (d)(5) as (d)(6).
    One commenter suggested that we replace the term ``medical record'' 
with ``evidentiary record'' in regard to initially proposed paragraph 
(d)(4), which pertains to when VA will determine material improvement 
exists for purposes of decreasing disability ratings. The commenter was 
concerned that the term ``medical record'' may unduly restrict VA's 
current practice of considering all evidence in the record, including 
lay evidence. We agree with the commenter and propose to adopt the 
suggested change.
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.171(e) based on this 
comment, we noted that in the preamble of the proposed rulemaking, 72 
FR 28770, May

[[Page 71092]]

22, 2007, we failed to explain that we had omitted from paragraph (e) 
the following, contained in current Sec.  3.344(b): ``the rating agency 
will determine on the basis of the facts in each individual case 
whether 18, 24, or 30 months will be allowed to elapse before the 
reexamination will be made.'' We omitted this language because VA 
schedules reexaminations for various future dates (based on the factors 
described in Sec.  5.102) and these dates are not limited to 18, 24, or 
30 months in the future.
    We also determined that the scope of paragraph (e) (which is based 
on current Sec.  3.344(b)) needed clarification. We therefore propose 
to revise paragraph (e) to clarify that it only applies to cases 
involving a change in diagnosis.

Sec.  5.173 Protection Against Reduction of Disability Rating When VA 
Revises the Schedule for Rating Disabilities

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.173(b) described how VA modifies a 
rating that was assigned under the 1925 Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities. There are no longer any veterans being compensated under 
the 1925 Schedule. We therefore propose to remove the last phrase in 
paragraph (a) and all of paragraph (b) because these concerned 
revisions to ratings under the 1925 Schedule.

Sec.  5.175 Severance of Service Connection

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.175(a)(1) and (2) provided that the 
protection from severance of 10 year old service connection applies to 
grants of disability compensation and to dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC), respectively. As initially proposed, Sec.  5.175 
did not address whether this protection applies to benefits under 38 
U.S.C. 1151.
    In August 2010, the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims in 
Hornick v. Shinseki, 24 Vet. App. 50, 56 (2010), held that the 
preclusion in 38 U.S.C. 1159 against severing service connection in 
effect for 10 years or more pertains to disability compensation 
payments awarded under 38 U.S.C. 1151 (Benefits for persons disabled by 
treatment or vocational rehabilitation). We propose to add the 
following at the end of initially proposed paragraph (a)(2): ``and to 
disability compensation or DIC granted under 38 U.S.C. 1151'' to afford 
this protection to these benefits. Adding ``disability compensation . . 
. under 38 U.S.C. 1151'' implements the holding in Hornick. We are also 
adding ``or DIC granted under 38 U.S.C. 1151'', to be consistent with 
sections 1151 and 1159, which both apply to DIC. This addition is also 
consistent with Hornick.
    One commenter suggested that we separate this section into two 
regulations, one to address the protection of service connection and 
the other to address the severance of service connection. We decline to 
make this change because the paragraphs are appropriately titled 
regarding when protection of service connection applies versus when 
severance of service connection applies. Further, when taken as a 
whole, the entire section addresses the single issue of whether and 
when VA may sever service connection.
    The commenter further asserted that VA should not adopt the 
proposed regulation Sec.  5.175(b)(2) because ``the law of clear and 
unmistakable error bars a veteran from submitting, and the VA from 
considering, any new medical opinion evidence (or any new evidence for 
that matter), in order to establish the existence of CUE''. The 
commenter also stated that because the law that governs CUE ``does not 
permit the veteran to successfully argue that a change in diagnosis can 
be accepted as a basis for the award of service connection `based on 
clear and unmistakable error . . .', VA cannot be permitted to sever an 
award of service connection based on the same sort of medical 
evidence.'' The commenter asserted that this proposed provision 
``reflects inconsistent and arbitrary agency action''. The commenter 
asserted that the courts have clearly held that ``when an allegation is 
made that a VA decision contains CUE, that VA's decision on the 
allegation is strictly limited to the evidence that was before the VA 
adjudicator at the time VA made the decision being challenged as 
containing CUE.'' The commenter cited Russell v. Principi, 3 Vet. App. 
310 (1992), for the proposition that new medical evidence that corrects 
an earlier diagnosis that was a basis for an earlier decision by the 
agency of original jurisdiction cannot be considered in a CUE case.
    The commenter also noted that the Board of Veterans' Appeals 
(Board) regulation contained in 38 CFR 20.1403(d) states, ``(d) 
Examples of situations that are not clear and unmistakable error--(1) 
Changed diagnosis. A new medical diagnosis that `corrects' an earlier 
diagnosis considered in a Board decision.''
    For the following reasons, we propose to make no change based on 
this comment. The commenter fails to recognize the distinction between 
Sec.  3.105(a) and Sec.  3.105(d). As used in Sec.  3.105(d) and 
proposed Sec.  5.175(b), the phrase ``clearly and unmistakably 
erroneous'' is intended to describe the high standard of proof that 
must be met before VA can sever service connection. The phrase 
``clearly and unmistakably erroneous'' is not intended to incorporate 
the procedural rule applicable to claims under Sec.  3.105(a) that 
collateral review of a prior final decision must be based solely on the 
evidence that was before VA at the time of that decision. The 
provisions of Sec.  3.105(a) and Sec.  3.105(d) involve different 
procedural standards because Sec.  3.105(a) concerns collateral review 
and retroactive correction of a final decision. In contrast, Sec.  
3.105(d) involves only review of the veteran's entitlement to benefits 
prospectively. VA recognizes that the use of the same high standard, 
clear and unmistakable error, might be confusing to some laypersons. 
For that reason, VA has consistently made clear in its regulations that 
severance determinations under Sec.  3.105(d) may be based on 
consideration of evidence obtained subsequent to a prior determination.
    Furthermore, we note that the provision in proposed Sec.  
5.175(b)(2) is not new; it is based on a substantially similar 
provision in current 38 CFR 3.105(d). The courts have held that, as a 
general principle, when an allegation is made that a VA decision 
contains CUE, VA's decision on the allegation is strictly limited to 
the evidence that was before the VA at the time VA made the decision 
being challenged as containing CUE. The U.S. Court of Appeals for 
Veterans Claims set forth this principle in the Russell case (id. at 
314).
    However, Russell involved a CUE claim under 38 CFR 3.105(a), not 
severance of service connection under Sec.  3.105(d). Section 3.105(d) 
states, in pertinent part that ``[s]ubject to the limitations contained 
in Sec. Sec.  3.114 and 3.957, service connection will be severed only 
where evidence establishes that it is clearly and unmistakably 
erroneous (the burden of proof being upon the Government). . . . A 
change in diagnosis may be accepted as a basis for severance action if 
the examining physician or physicians or other proper medical authority 
certifies that, in the light of all accumulated evidence, the diagnosis 
on which service connection was predicated is clearly erroneous. This 
certification must be accompanied by a summary of the facts, findings, 
and reasons supporting the conclusion. . . .''
    Thus, Sec.  3.105(d) does not state that decisions will be reversed 
because they were based on CUE. These are dealt with in Sec.  3.105(a). 
Rather, Sec.  3.105(d) states that a veteran's service-connected status 
will be severed if it is clearly and unmistakably erroneous. Since it 
is a review of the veteran's current status,

[[Page 71093]]

VA naturally must consider current evidence.
    The courts have consistently upheld the long-standing provision in 
38 CFR 3.105(d) that evidence concerning a change in diagnosis (which 
was not of record when service connection was granted) may be 
considered in determining whether service connection is clearly and 
unmistakably erroneous. See Stallworth v. Nicholson, 20 Vet. App. 482, 
488 (2006); Daniels v. Gober, 10 Vet. App. 474, 480 (1997); Venturella 
v. Gober, 10 Vet. App. 340, 343 (1997). As the court has noted, if VA 
were not permitted to consider post-decisional evidence in a severance 
case, VA ``would be placed in the impossible situation of being forever 
bound to a prior determination regardless of changes in the law or 
later developments in the factual record.'' Venturella, 10 Vet. App. at 
343.
    The commenter's reliance on 38 CFR 20.1403(d) is inapposite to the 
question of the validity of Sec.  3.105(d). Section 20.1403 implements 
38 U.S.C. 7111 which relates to the review of Board decisions based on 
clear and unmistakable error. In the proposed rulemaking for Sec.  
20.1403, 63 FR 27535, May 19, 1998, VA noted that, ``the term `clear 
and unmistakable error' originated in veterans regulations some 70 
years ago, see generally Smith (William) v. Brown, 35 F.3d 1516, 1524-
25 (Fed. Cir. 1994), and is now incorporated in VA regulations 
governing VA RO determinations. 38 CFR 3.105(a).'' VA also noted (at 63 
FR 27536, May 19, 1998) that the legislative history for section 7111 
``indicates that the Congress expected the Department would implement 
section 1(b) of the bill in accordance with current definitions of CUE. 
H.R. Rep. No. 52, 105th Cong., 1st Sess. 3 (1997) (report of House 
Committee on Veterans' Affairs on H.R. 1090) (``Given the Court's clear 
guidance on this issue [of CUE], it would seem that the Board could 
adopt procedural rules consistent with this guidance to make 
consideration of appeals raising clear and unmistakable error less 
burdensome''); 143 Cong. Rec. 1567, 1568 (daily ed. Apr. 16, 1997) 
(remarks of Rep. Evans, sponsor of H.R. 1090, in connection with House 
passage) (``The bill does not alter the standard for evaluation of 
claims of clear and unmistakable error.'')''
    Thus, Sec.  20.1403 was intended to codify a statute whose basis 
was Sec.  3.105(a), not Sec.  3.105(d). As such, there is no reason why 
Sec.  3.105(d) or Sec.  5.175 must contain the same procedures as those 
in Sec.  20.1403.
    For the reasons stated above, we propose to make no changes based 
on this comment.
    We propose, however, to revise the heading of initially proposed 
paragraph (b) to read, ``Standard of proof to sever service 
connection--general rule'', and to add paragraph (c), ``Standard of 
proof to sever service connection--fraud''. The new paragraph (c) 
comprises a cross reference to proposed Sec.  5.164. It serves, without 
repeating proposed Sec.  5.164, to inform the reader that VA's burden 
of proof to sever service connection obtained by fraud is the same as 
to sever service connection obtained by any other act of commission or 
omission. Fraud is distinguishable from other acts of commission or 
omission in that a claimant's fraud will breach the protection 
established after service connection has been in effect for 10 years, 
whereas other acts of commission or omission will not.
    These changes would correct a misstatement in the proposed rule 
that the dissenting opinion in Roberts v. Shinseki, 23 Vet. App. 416, 
435-39 (2010) (Hagel, J., dissenting) called to our attention. In that 
case, the dissent first noted that, in rewriting Sec. Sec.  3.957 
(protection of service connection in place 10 years or longer) and 
3.105(d), ``VA intends to `clarify' and recodify 38 CFR 3.957 and the 
provisions of 38 CFR 3.105(d) that govern when service connection may 
be severed at 38 CFR 5.175, entitled `Protection or severance of 
service connection.''' Id. at 436. The dissent also noted that our 
proposed regulations did not except severance of service connection 
based on fraud from the due process or burden of proof elements of 
Sec. Sec.  3.957 or 3.105(d). Id. at 436, 440. Finally, the dissent 
noted that the NPRM stated that it explained any substantive changes 
between part 3 and part 5, 72 FR 28771-72, May 22, 2007, and that there 
was nothing in the NPRM ``indicating that the rewriting and 
restructuring of the regulations [pertaining to severance of service 
connection for fraud] are intended as substantive changes.'' Id. at 
437-39. From these observations, the dissent reasoned, the NPRM 
revealed VA's interpretation of Sec. Sec.  3.957 and 3.105(d) as 
requiring application of both the process and burden of proof 
provisions of Sec.  3.105(d) before severing service connection.
    Any disparity between the NPRM and the Secretary's position in the 
Roberts litigation results from our misstatements in the NPRM. In 
discussing initially proposed Sec.  5.175 in the NPRM, we described 
that paragraph (a) would provide that service connection in effect for 
10 years or more ``may not be severed unless . . . (1) The original 
grant was obtained through fraud.'' We further explained that proposed 
paragraph (b) ``provided that severance of service connection may also 
occur when evidence establishes that it is clearly and unmistakably 
erroneous. . . .'' 72 FR 28783, May 22, 2007. By stating ``also'', we 
intended to state that Sec.  5.175(a) and (b) would be alternatives for 
severing service connection. We did not mean that they would be a 
sequence of events: first, piercing the 10-year protection by showing 
fraud, and second, finding clear and unmistakable error in the grant of 
service connection obtained by fraud. We propose to correct the error 
in initially proposed Sec.  5.175 by explicitly distinguishing the 
procedures and the burden of proof that apply to sever service 
connection that a claimant obtained by fraud.

Sec.  5.176 Due Process Procedures for Reducing or Discontinuing 
Disability Compensation Payments or for Severing Service Connection

    One commenter suggested that we revise the introductory paragraph 
to enlarge the scope of Sec.  5.176 to include situations where VA 
reduces or discontinues a disability rating but compensation benefits 
are not affected. Currently, proposed Sec.  5.176 and its part 3 
predecessor, Sec.  3.105(e), require that VA provide notice of a 
contemplated adverse action followed by a 60-day period for the 
presentation of additional evidence only in situations where a lower 
rating would result in a reduction or discontinuance of compensation 
payments currently being made. However, where compensation benefits are 
not affected, where there is no adverse action, VA will provide only 
contemporaneous notice. See Sec.  5.83(a).
    We decline to make the suggested change to enlarge the scope of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.176 because in cases where VA decreases the 
rating of any disability or disabilities but does not reduce the 
veteran's overall disability rating, there is no reduction of monetary 
benefits. In such cases, VA has no statutory duty to send advanced 
notice of its decision. Stelzel v. Mansfield, 508 F.3d 1345 (Fed. Cir. 
2007). Further, due process concerns are not implicated because the 
veteran suffers no loss of benefits. Moreover, we note that along with 
the contemporaneous notice, VA also provides the veteran with 
information on procedural and appellate rights regarding the decision.
    Another commenter believed that the initially proposed rule would 
eliminate the due process procedure of having an impartial VA employee 
participate in

[[Page 71094]]

the review process for reducing ratings. The commenter noted that such 
procedures are already followed in the context of predetermination 
hearings, see Sec.  3.105(i), and since the reduction of ratings also 
have an adversarial character, the practice ``should be carried over to 
the new regulations''. While we agree that proceedings involving 
proposed adverse actions should be conducted by VA personnel who were 
not directly involved in proposing the adverse action, we decline to 
make changes based on this comment. The reason is that this due process 
procedure is already recognized in proposed Sec.  5.82(d) which states 
that if the hearing arises in the context of a proposed reduction, 
discontinuance, other adverse action or an appeal, a VA employee or 
employees having decision-making authority and who did not previously 
participate in the case will conduct the hearing.
    Proposed Sec.  5.82(d) applies to a claimant's or beneficiary's 
right to a hearing upon being notified of a proposed reduction, 
discontinuance, or other adverse action under proposed Sec.  5.83. 
Therefore, it is unnecessary to repeat the language of proposed Sec.  
5.82(d) in proposed Sec.  5.176 because Sec.  5.82(d) outlines an 
overarching VA policy that applies in all situations where a hearing is 
based on a proposed reduction, discontinuance, other adverse action, or 
on an appeal.
    In addition, the commenter also urged that VA include in proposed 
Sec.  5.176 the overarching duty to assist claimants in their claims by 
``suggest[ing] the submission of evidence which the claimant may have 
overlooked and which would be of advantage to the claimant's 
position''. The commenter urged that proposed Sec.  5.176 be amended to 
require that VA inform beneficiaries of what type of evidence they 
should file to show ``that service connection or a rating should be 
maintained.'' The commenter provided an example, urging that VA inform 
a beneficiary if a notice of disagreement as to the reduction satisfies 
the requirement and would toll the 60-day period so that the veteran 
has more time to file additional evidence if needed.
    As a preliminary matter, we note that it would be impossible for a 
beneficiary to file a valid notice of disagreement until VA had issued 
a decision, not merely a notice of a proposed decision. Initially 
proposed Sec.  5.176(c) stated that in proposing a reduction or 
discontinuance, VA will notify the beneficiary that they may file, 
``evidence to show that service connection should be maintained, the 
rating should not be reduced, or the benefits should remain intact.'' 
If such notices were to attempt to specify the exact type of evidence 
that is relevant, they might inadvertently omit relevant evidence that 
the beneficiary might file. Rather, it is more helpful to clearly 
explain ``the contemplated action and furnish detailed reasons for the 
proposed reduction or discontinuance'' (as stated in initially proposed 
Sec.  5.176(b)) and allow the beneficiary to determine what evidence 
they can obtain or identify for VA to obtain.
    The commenter also suggested that the 60-day time period for a 
beneficiary to present evidence when disputing a proposed severance of 
service connection or reduction in ratings is too short. The commenter 
claimed that ``if VA expects veterans to file medical or scientific 
evidence to support their claims, the 60-day period will be too short 
and veterans will be effectively deprived of their procedural due 
process''. We decline to change the time period within which 
beneficiaries must present evidence to challenge a proposed adverse 
action. Beneficiaries generally are able to meet the 60-day deadline. 
Furthermore, VA already has procedures and regulations in place to 
extend the 60-day period if good cause is shown. See Sec.  5.99, 
``Extensions of certain time limits'', based on Sec.  3.109(b).
    Finally, the commenter remarked that ``many veterans subject to 
reduction or elimination of benefits have previously been found to be 
profoundly disabled.'' The commenter expressed concern that ``VA should 
recognize that in reduction actions it is dealing with some of the more 
helpless segments of the entire veteran population and should tailor 
its procedures accordingly.'' VA beneficiaries subject to reduction of 
benefits have varying degrees of disability and our procedures are 
intended to provide fair treatment to all disabled veterans. To the 
extent that a beneficiary subject to a proposed reduction may have 
difficulty responding due to a profound disability, the veteran may 
request a good cause extension under Sec.  5.99. We therefore propose 
to make no changes based on this comment.
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.176 to respond to comments, 
we noted that it is largely redundant of initially proposed Sec.  
5.83(a), Right to notice of decisions and proposed adverse actions. We 
therefore propose to delete Sec.  5.176 and leave that number as 
reserved. We propose to include the following sentence from initially 
proposed Sec.  5.176 in Sec.  5.83: ``If VA receives no additional 
evidence within the 60 days, or the evidence received does not 
demonstrate that the action should not be taken, VA will provide notice 
to the beneficiary that VA is taking the action.'' We propose to omit 
the phrase ``Prepare a rating proposing the adverse action and'' 
because this is a administrative action that provides no due process to 
the beneficiary which is not already provided by the notice of the 
proposed adverse action.

Sec.  5.177 Effective Dates for Reducing or Discontinuing a Benefit 
Payment or for Severing Service Connection

    We redesignated initially proposed Sec.  5.177(c) as Sec.  5.177(i) 
to move the paragraph explaining the exceptions of the regulation to 
the end of the section. We accordingly redesignated initially proposed 
Sec.  5.177(d) through (i) as Sec.  5.177(c) through (h), respectively.
    In relation to the comment on initially proposed Sec.  5.176 
regarding enlarging the scope of situations where VA will provide 
advance notice of adverse actions, the commenter also suggested 
revising initially proposed Sec.  5.177(f) for the same reasons. We 
decline to make this change because, as explained in our discussion on 
proposed Sec.  5.176, where a decision does not result in adverse 
action, VA will follow the notification procedure in proposed Sec.  
5.83(b). Because the decision will not adversely affect compensation 
payments or other benefits, the notification procedure outlined in 
Sec.  5.83(b) is adequate to preserve the veteran's procedural and 
appellate rights if the veteran disagrees with the decision.
    One commenter questioned whether initially proposed Sec.  5.177(f) 
would effectively reduce a veteran's compensation benefits by default 
``whether or not a final decision authorizing that reduction has been 
issued''. The commenter mistakenly believed that VA would reduce 
benefits before issuing a final decision on the matter. We decline to 
make any change based on this comment because Sec.  5.177 clearly 
provides for two 60-day periods before a reduction or discontinuance 
takes effect: the first following a notice of a proposed adverse action 
(see Sec.  5.83(a), the second following the notice of the final 
decision.
    In initially proposed paragraphs (d), (e), and (f), we stated that 
VA will sever service connection or reduce or discontinue benefits 
``effective the first day of the month after a second 60-day period 
beginning on the day of notice to the beneficiary of the final 
decision.'' We propose to revise the language in each of those 
paragraphs to clarify that after applying the 60-day notice period, VA 
will apply a second 60-day period which begins on the day VA sends 
notice to the beneficiary of the final

[[Page 71095]]

decision. VA will then take the appropriate action to modify benefits, 
effective the first day of the month after the second 60-day period.
    As with initially proposed Sec.  5.175, discussed above, the 
dissent in Roberts, 23 Vet. App. at 435-39, revealed that initially 
proposed Sec.  5.177 did not clearly accomplish our intent, or, at 
least, it was ambiguous when read together with the regulation on 
effective dates for correcting erroneous awards (initially proposed 
Sec.  5.165, redesignated Sec.  5.167). We therefore propose to revise 
the first sentence of initially proposed paragraph (d), redesignated as 
paragraph (c), to read: ``Unless severance is based on the 
beneficiary's act of commission or omission that resulted in VA's grant 
of benefits, this paragraph applies when VA severs service 
connection.'' We also propose to add a cross reference to Sec.  5.167 
stating, ``See Sec.  5.167 for effective date of severance of service 
connection obtained by fraud.''
    The Roberts dissent noted that ``VA reports that proposed Sec.  
5.165 `applies only to reductions or discontinuances of erroneous 
awards.' 72 Fed. Reg. 22,779.'' Id. at 438, fn 13. The next sentence in 
the NPRM stated, however, ``If a payment has not been authorized by a 
rating decision, then VA has not made an award of such an erroneous 
payment and therefore recovery of that payment is not a reduction or 
discontinuance of an `erroneous award' under 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(9) or 
(10).'' In other words, initially proposed Sec.  5.165 distinguished 
``reductions or discontinuances'' of ``erroneous awards'' from 
``reductions or discontinuances'' of other types of payments that are 
not ``awards,'' and did not distinguish ``reductions or 
discontinuances'' from severance for fraud as an act of commission or 
omission. The proposed revision to redesignated Sec.  5.177(c) and the 
additional cross reference to Sec.  5.167 should make perfectly clear 
that the effective date of severance of service connection obtained by 
fraud is governed by proposed Sec.  5.167 and is not 60 days after VA 
provides notice of the final decision severing service connection.
    As initially proposed, Sec.  5.177(g) stated that VA would reduce 
or discontinue pension payments because of a change in disability or 
employability status effective the first day of the month after a 
second 60-day period beginning on the day of notice to the beneficiary 
of the final decision. This statement conflicts with 38 U.S.C. 
5112(b)(5), and current 38 CFR 3.105(f). The beneficiary is not 
afforded a second 60-day period before his or her benefits are to be 
reduced. We, therefore, propose to correct paragraph (g) in 
redesignated paragraph (f) to state that the effective date for the 
reduction or discontinuance of pension because of a change in 
disability or employability status is the first day of the month after 
notice to the beneficiary of the final decision.
    We propose to move the effective date provision in initially 
proposed paragraph (h) from Sec.  5.177 to Sec.  5.591(b)(5), to 
consolidate all the effective date rules on Chapter 18 monetary 
allowance into one section.

IX. Subpart D: Dependents and Survivors AL94

    In a document published in the Federal Register on September 20, 
2006, we proposed to revise VA's regulations governing dependents and 
survivors of veterans, to be published in a new 38 CFR part 5. 71 FR 
55052. We provided a 60-day comment period that ended November 20, 
2006. We received submissions from three commenters: Disabled American 
Veterans, and two members of the general public.

Sec.  5.181 Evidence Needed To Establish a Dependent

    In the NPRM, we proposed Sec. Sec.  5.181 and 5.182 as separate 
sections. Because we have combined the contents of initially proposed 
Sec. Sec.  5.181 and 5.182, as explained in Sec.  5.182 below, we 
propose to renumber initially proposed Sec.  5.180 as Sec.  5.181. We 
propose to mark Sec.  5.180 as reserved.
    We also propose to reorganize and simplify the contents of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.180 into Sec.  5.181.
    Proposed paragraph (a) simplifies the initially proposed 
``purpose'' paragraph to clearly state that this regulation is limited 
to rules governing adding dependents, and with the exception of 
paragraph (d), does not govern changes to existing dependents. Also, in 
proposed paragraph (b)(1), we have eliminated the applicability of this 
rule to a case involving death, because death does not establish a 
dependent. Similar conforming changes were made to Sec.  5.182, which 
governs only changes to the status of existing dependents. We proposed 
these changes for clarification purposes; we do not intend to change 
the persons to whom these rules would have applied as initially 
proposed.
    We also propose to change paragraph (b)(1) by inserting ``, day,'' 
after ``month'' and ``(city and state, or country if outside of a 
state)'' after ``place''. This information is necessary for VA to 
properly document marriages, termination of marriages, and births.
    In initially proposed paragraph (c), we stated ``VA will require 
additional supporting evidence to establish a veteran's marital status 
or a parent/natural child relationship . . . if any of the following 
factors are true: . . . (3) VA questions the validity of all or part of 
the statement;''. In comparing paragraph (c) with other sections in 
subpart D, we determined that the term ``validity'' means having legal 
effect or force. Our intent in paragraph (c)(3) was simply to include a 
question of the accuracy of a statement as one of the reasons for 
requiring additional evidence. We have, therefore, replaced the term 
``validity'' with ``accuracy''.
    In paragraph (c)(5), we propose to change the rule that a statement 
is not sufficient to establish dependency when there is an indication 
of fraud or misrepresentation. Thus, we intend to change ``in the other 
evidence in the record'' to ``in other evidence in the record'', 
removing the word ``the'' that appeared before ``other evidence''. This 
change eliminates any suggestion that the reasonable indication of 
fraud or misrepresentation must appear in the totality of the evidence. 
VA will require additional evidence if any individual piece of evidence 
indicates fraud or misrepresentation, or if the evidence in its 
entirety gives such indication. This revision would make proposed 
paragraph (c)(5) better conform to proposed paragraph (c)(4), which 
would provide that a statement is not sufficient to establish 
dependency if the ``statement conflicts with other evidence in the 
record . . .''
    For reasons explained in the preamble to initially proposed Sec.  
5.181(c), 71 FR 55052, 55055, we are omitting certain provisions of 
Sec.  3.213(b) from part 5, subpart D. Because we now propose to 
consolidate initially proposed Sec.  5.181(c) and other initially 
proposed provisions in currently proposed Sec.  5.184(d), we would 
repeat only the first sentence of Sec.  3.213(b) in Sec.  5.184(d). The 
restoration of benefit provisions of Sec.  3.103(b)(4), restated in 
Sec.  5.84, is more comprehensive than the restoration provision of 
Sec.  3.213(b). Consequently, all but the first sentence of Sec.  
3.213(b) is superfluous, and Sec.  5.184(d) would restate only that 
first sentence.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.180(d) stated:

    The types of additional supporting evidence required by 
paragraph (c) of this section are set forth in Sec. Sec.  5.192 
through 5.194, 5.221, 5.229 and 3.211 of this chapter. Where 
evidence is set forth in a particular section in the order of 
preference, VA may accept evidence from a lower class of preference 
if it is sufficient to prove the fact at issue.

    This language was confusing. The rule was intended to explain that 
certain types of evidence are needed to

[[Page 71096]]

establish specific facts. For example, in proposed Sec.  5.192(c), a 
copy of a public record of marriage is generally more reliable and 
consequently preferred over an affidavit from the official who 
performed the marriage ceremony, and therefore, VA will not accept the 
latter unless the former is unobtainable. These rules of preference are 
more thoroughly explained in the individual paragraphs that set forth 
the hierarchy of preferred evidence, so we struck the language from 
initially proposed Sec.  5.180(d). The only text that remained were the 
cross-references to the actual rules that describe the additional 
evidence that may be provided to establish specific facts. Therefore, 
we propose to move those cross-references into Sec.  5.181(c) and 
renumber initially proposed Sec.  5.180(e) as Sec.  5.181(d). We 
further propose to add language to the specific regulations cited in 
proposed Sec.  5.181(c), which include Sec. Sec.  5.192(c), 5.221, 
5.229, and 5.500. In addition, we have determined that the list of 
cross references was incorrect. We propose to correct the list in Sec.  
5.181(c).
    Several initially proposed rules in RIN 2900-AL94 inadvertently 
added a requirement that a claimant's or beneficiary's statement filed 
as proof of marriage, termination of marriage, or birth of a child must 
be ``written''. No such requirement exists in current Sec. Sec.  
3.204(a)(1) or 3.213(a) and (c). We have therefore not included this 
requirement in Sec. Sec.  5.151(c), 5.181(b), 5.182(a), 5.183(a) or 
(b), 5.192(c), 5.193, 5.221(b), or 5.229.

Sec.  5.182 Changes in Status of Dependents

    We propose to combine the contents of initially proposed Sec. Sec.  
5.181 and 5.182 into Sec.  5.182, and reorganize and simplify the 
rules. In the revised rule, we refer in proposed Sec.  5.182(a) to a 
beneficiary's duty to report a ``[c]hange in status of a living child 
affecting who no longer meets the definition of a dependent''. This 
language replaces language in the initially proposed Sec.  5.182(a)(2) 
that had specifically discussed discontinuance of school attendance. 
The broader language in the proposed rule more accurately describes a 
beneficiary's duty to report any change in a child's status that makes 
the child no longer a dependent of the beneficiary.
    In initially proposed paragraph (a), we stated that a beneficiary 
must provide VA a statement containing the details of any change in 
dependency that could lead to a reduction or discontinuance of VA 
benefits. We required that the beneficiary report the month and year of 
the change. VA now requires the day, as well as the month and year of 
the change. We also require the city and state, or country if outside 
of a state, where the change occurred. See VA Form 21-686c, Declaration 
of Status of Dependents. We propose to amend paragraph (a) to conform 
to VA's current practice.
    We propose to remove the cross reference to Sec.  3.217, 
``Submission of statements or information affecting entitlement to 
benefits'', which was contained in initially proposed Sec.  5.181(b) 
because Sec.  5.182 contains all the relevant information needed to 
understand changes in dependency and so the cross reference is 
unnecessary.
    We propose to move what was initially proposed paragraph Sec.  
5.181(c) to proposed Sec.  5.184(d) because it is an effective-date 
rule specific to Sec.  5.184.

Sec.  5.183 Effective Date of Award of Benefits for a Dependent

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.183 stated that the effective date for 
adding a dependent is the date VA receives notice of the existence of 
the dependent. We propose to change ``notice'' to ``information''. In 
proposed Sec.  5.1, we define notice as a written document that VA 
sends to the claimant or beneficiary. To state that VA receives notice 
of the dependent would be contrary to our proposed definition of the 
term. We mean to say that a dependent will be added upon receipt of 
information of the existence of such dependent. We also propose to 
state that the ``information'' must be filed by the claimant or 
beneficiary. As stated in proposed Sec.  5.181, this regulation is 
limited to adding dependents, therefore, a claimant or beneficiary may 
establish a dependent to a new or existing award. This clarification 
does not constitute a change from the proposed rule.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.183(a) stated that evidence of 
dependency must be received within 1 year ``of'' VA's request. We 
propose to clarify the regulation to state that the evidence must be 
received ``no later than 1 year after'' VA's request in order to 
eliminate ambiguity with regards to the date of submission of evidence. 
We have made similar changes throughout this regulation, and throughout 
this document, where we previously stated ``1 year of'' to now state 
``1 year after''. These additional changes to this rule are intended to 
simplify the general rule and the exceptions thereto. Notably, we 
propose to move paragraph (c) into paragraph (a) and reorganize 
paragraph (a).
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.183(b)(3) stated the effective date for 
establishing the dependency of an adopted child. However, it did not 
specify that in order for these dates to apply, VA must receive 
information of the adoption no later than 1 year after the event. We 
therefore propose to correct this omission by stating ``For an 
adoption, the earliest of the following dates, as applicable, if VA 
receives information about the adoption no later than 1 year after the 
adoption''. This change is consistent with Sec.  3.401(b)(1)(i) and 
current practice.

Sec.  5.184 Effective Dates of Reductions or Discontinuances Based on 
an Event That Changes Dependency Status

    We propose to combine the effective date provisions of initially 
proposed Sec. Sec.  5.181(c), 5.184, and 5.198 into one section to make 
them easier to find and to avoid redundancy. We propose to mark Sec.  
5.198 as reserved.
    As initially proposed, we referred to a marriage, divorce, 
annulment, or death as a ``change'' in dependency status. However, 
these are ``events'' that result in ``changes'' in dependency status. 
For clarity, we propose to refer to these as an ``event that changes'' 
dependency status.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.198(b), we stated, ``VA will pay the 
reduced rate or discontinue benefits effective the first day of the 
month that follows the month in which the divorce or annulment 
occurred.'' We have determined that the term ``occurred'' was ambiguous 
because under some states' laws, the divorce or annulment does not take 
effect immediately after the court issues the decree. We therefore 
propose to revise this language to state, ``VA will pay . . . in which 
the death occurred or in which the divorce or annulment became 
effective.'' For the same reason, we propose to make a conforming 
change to Sec.  5.205(b)(1) and (2), regarding annulment, and (c)(1) 
and (2), regarding divorce.

Sec.  5.190 Status as a Spouse

    We have determined that there is no need to establish a rule for 
``status'' as a spouse. First, the term is plain language and does not 
need a specialized definition for VA purposes (unlike, for example, the 
term ``surviving spouse'', which does have a specialized meaning). 
There can be no question that a reference to a ``spouse'' is a 
reference to a person's marriage partner. Second, proposed Sec.  5.191 
more than adequately defines a valid marriage for VA purposes. To the 
extent that proposed Sec.  5.190 had implemented the 38 U.S.C. 101(31) 
requirement that a spouse be of the opposite sex, that requirement is 
contained in proposed

[[Page 71097]]

Sec.  5.191. Hence, we propose to delete this rule and mark Sec.  5.190 
as reserved.

Sec.  5.191 Marriages VA Recognizes as Valid

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.191 referred to deemed-valid marriages 
as an exception to the general rule set forth in this section. However, 
a deemed-valid marriage is not an exception to the types of marriages 
recognized by VA; rather, it is one type of such marriages. Therefore, 
we propose to restructure Sec.  5.191 and add a paragraph (c). In 
addition, we propose to change the term ``is'' valid to ``was'' valid. 
Because the laws of the states may change, we want to specify that the 
marriage had to be valid at the time that it occurred. Finally, we 
propose to change the phrase ``the right to benefits'' in Sec.  
5.191(b) to ``entitlement to benefits''. This change improves clarity 
and is consistent with the language of other part 5 VA regulations.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.191(a) and (b) used the term ``parties'' 
to mean ``persons'', as stated in the introductory sentence. In order 
to avoid confusion, we propose to change the term ``parties'' to 
``persons'' in paragraphs (a) and (b).

Sec.  5.192 Evidence of Marriage

    As stated in our discussion of Sec.  5.181 above, VA requires the 
first type of evidence listed in the relevant section as proof of a 
certain relationship, if it is obtainable. If it is unobtainable, then 
VA will accept the next listed type of evidence that is obtainable to 
prove the relationship. In part 3, this basic principle is stated in 38 
CFR 3.204(b), which refers the reader to Sec. Sec.  3.205 through 
3.211. It is helpful to state this principle in each section where it 
applies, and we therefore propose to state it in Sec. Sec.  5.192(c), 
5.221(b)(2), 5.229, and 5.500.

Sec.  5.193 Proof of Marriage Termination Where Evidence Is in Conflict 
or Termination Is Contested

    We propose to make minor revisions to Sec.  5.193 for clarity.

Sec.  5.194 Acceptance of Divorce Decrees

    We propose to make minor revisions to Sec.  5.194 for clarity.

Sec.  5.196 Void or Annulled Marriages

    We propose to combine initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.195 and 5.196 
to improve clarity and eliminate the need for users to refer to two 
regulations to address the issue of void or annulled marriages. The 
content of both initially proposed regulations would now appear in 
Sec.  5.196. Section 5.196(a)(1) was initially proposed as Sec.  5.195. 
Section 5.196 was initially proposed as Sec.  5.196(a). We propose to 
mark Sec.  5.195 as reserved.
    One commenter questioned VA's authority to determine whether a 
marriage was void in accordance with the law of the place that governs 
the marriage's validity. The commenter opines that 38 U.S.C. 103(c) 
does not appear to provide VA with jurisdiction or authority to make an 
independent adjudication on the validity of a veteran's marriage.
    As stated in the preamble to the initially proposed rule, current 
part 3 includes references to ``void'' marriages, but it does not 
explain the meaning of a ``void'' marriage. See 38 CFR 3.207(a). Under 
38 U.S.C. 103, VA does have the authority to make adjudicative 
decisions on the validity or legality of a marriage when determining 
whether or not a person is or was a spouse of a veteran for VA 
purposes. The commenter's suggested interpretation that the statute 
merely allows for the recognition of marriage notwithstanding contrary 
state law is not consistent with the ``whether or not'' wording of the 
statute or with VA's long-standing interpretation of the statute. The 
statute provides that determinations of validity of marriage be made 
according to the law of the place where the parties resided at the time 
of the marriage or the law of the place where the parties resided when 
the right to benefits accrued. This does not mean VA is adjudicating 
the status of the marriage for purposes of state civil law, which the 
commenter seems to misunderstand VA to be doing. We therefore propose 
to make no changes based on this comment.
    This commenter further suggests that any new rule regarding VA's 
authority to determine the validity of a marriage as it pertains to a 
veteran's surviving spouse or a veteran's child, should include a 
procedural reference of such questions to the Regional Counsel because 
VA adjudicators are generally not equipped to research and determine 
such matters. We agree with this suggestion. In fact, VA has long-
standing procedural guidelines for determination of a void marriage. In 
such cases, the Veterans Service Representative collects all of the 
pertinent information and evidence from the claimant and files the case 
with Regional Counsel for a legal opinion as to whether or not the 
marriage is void. To implement this suggestion, we have revised 
proposed Sec.  5.196 to indicate that VA Regional Counsel will make the 
determination concerning whether a marriage is void under the law of 
the place that governs the validity of the marriage.

Sec.  5.200 Surviving Spouse: Requirement of Valid Marriage to Veteran

    We propose to reorganize initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.200 and 
5.201 to eliminate redundancy and potentially confusing cross 
referencing, and to significantly clarify the rules. First, we propose 
to renumber initially proposed Sec.  5.201 as Sec.  5.200. We have also 
renamed the rule as, ``Surviving spouse: Requirement of valid marriage 
to veteran.'' This title is more descriptive of the rules within this 
section. This reorganization is for clarity and simplification.
    In Sec.  5.200(a), we propose to simplify several initially 
proposed paragraphs to state that in order to qualify as a surviving 
spouse, the marriage between the veteran and the person by or for whom 
surviving-spouse status is sought must have met the requirements of 
Sec.  5.191, unless the ``deemed valid'' exception in paragraph (b) 
applies.
    In Sec.  5.200(b)(1), we clarify that there must have been an 
attempt at legal marriage and that the person seeking surviving-spouse 
status must have believed that a valid marriage resulted and lasted 
until the veteran died. This is not a change from current practice. We 
also clarify that the marriage must have lasted for 1 year unless the 
person had a child with the veteran. The proposed rule had required 
that a child have been both ``of or before the marriage''; however, 
because the marriage must have continued until the veteran died, the 
result is that the child may have been born at any time. Thus, the 
simplified language in Sec.  5.201(b)(1) is not substantively different 
from the current and proposed rules.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.201(c) did not clearly define the phrase 
``no knowledge of legal impediment''. We propose to clarify the 
definition of legal impediment in initially proposed Sec.  5.201(c), 
which is now renumbered as Sec.  5.200(b)(2). This clarification is 
consistent with current practice. We also propose to clarify the 
evidence that the person must file under Sec.  5.192(c), the 
requirements of which must be met under Sec.  5.200, without any 
contradictory evidence.
    We also propose to reword the regulation text in Sec.  5.201(e), 
which is now renumbered as Sec.  5.200(b)(4), for clarity.

Sec.  5.201 Surviving Spouse: Requirements for Relationship With the 
Veteran

    We propose to renumber initially proposed Sec.  5.200 as Sec.  
5.201, and rename the section, ``Surviving spouse: Requirements for 
relationship with the

[[Page 71098]]

veteran''. This title is more descriptive of the rules within this 
section. This reorganization was made for clarity and simplification.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.200(a)(2) (now renumbered as Sec.  
5.201(a)) specified that to qualify as a surviving spouse, that person 
must have been a member of the opposite sex from the veteran. Because 
Sec.  5.191, ``Marriages VA recognizes as valid'', requires that a 
valid marriage must be to a person of the opposite sex, that provision 
is unnecessary in Sec.  5.201(a) and we propose to remove it. We also 
propose to make several changes to improve clarity and consistency with 
the language of other VA regulations.
    We propose to move the content of initially proposed Sec.  
5.430(b), ``Marriage date requirements for Improved Death Pension'', to 
Sec.  5.201(b)(1), ``More than one marriage to the veteran.'' The 
content is based on 38 U.S.C. 103(b), which is not limited to just 
Improved Pension.
    We propose to clarify the provision concerning whether a separation 
was temporary, initially proposed as Sec.  5.200(b)(3). In Sec.  
5.201(b)(4) we propose to add the term ``with estrangement'' to modify 
``separation'' to accurately reflect the circumstances to which 
paragraph (b)(4) applies.

Sec.  5.203 Effect of Remarriage on a Surviving Spouse's Benefits

    The preamble to initially proposed Sec.  5.203(a) stated that it 
would be a new provision, restating part 38 U.S.C. 101(3), the 
statutory definition of surviving spouse. Part 3 restates the statutory 
definition of surviving spouse in Sec.  3.50(b). As a result of the 
elimination of initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.200 and 5.202, and the 
incorporation of some of those initially proposed provisions in 
currently proposed Sec.  5.203, we now propose to restate Sec.  
3.50(b)(2) in Sec.  5.203(a)(2).
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.202 concerned the effect of a Federal 
court decision on a remarriage determination. We propose to mark Sec.  
5.202 as reserved, and include this rule in Sec.  5.203(a)(1). We also 
propose to change the regulation text in proposed Sec.  5.203(a)(1) 
from ``In determining eligibility for pension, death compensation, or 
dependency and indemnity compensation'' to ``In determining eligibility 
for benefits'' to clarify that the rule applies to all benefits based 
on surviving-spouse status. It simplifies the regulation.
    We propose to revise the language of initially proposed paragraph 
(c)(4), now redesignated as (d)(4), by removing the phrase ``openly to 
the public''. That phrase is unnecessary because that provision is 
already stated in paragraph (a)(2). For the same reason, we have 
removed that phrase from initially proposed paragraph (d)(1)(iii), now 
redesignated as paragraph (e)(1)(iii).
    One commenter questioned why there was a rule that allowed 
reinstatement of benefits to a surviving spouse who is no longer 
remarried because of the death of the second spouse, but there was no 
rule that allowed the surviving spouse to establish her initial 
entitlement to benefits after the death of her second spouse. The 
commenter provided the following example. A surviving spouse is married 
to the veteran for over 30 years. The veteran subsequently dies and the 
surviving spouse remarries, but the surviving spouse's second husband 
dies after several years of marriage. After the death of her second 
husband, the surviving spouse wants to claim VA benefits. The commenter 
further indicated that VA allows for the surviving spouse to receive 
benefits only if her second husband died before November 1, 1990, but 
in the scenario that was presented, the veteran died in January 1991. 
The commenter contends that the surviving spouse would not be entitled 
to benefits because this is not considered to be a reinstatement of 
benefits, but rather a first-time application. Initially proposed Sec.  
5.203(c) stated that the surviving spouse of the veteran may be 
entitled to receive benefits if the remarriage ended before November 1, 
1990. This rule corroborates the commenter's statement. However, 
initially proposed Sec.  5.203(d) (now Sec.  5.203(e)) allowed a 
surviving spouse to be eligible for benefits if he or she was otherwise 
ineligible for DIC under the laws in effect prior to June 9, 1998, 
because of the surviving spouse's remarriage after the veteran's death. 
Although the surviving spouse's eligibility to DIC is said to be 
reinstated under Sec.  5.203(e), this section applies to reopened as 
well as original claims. The limitation is that no payments may be 
issued for any period before October 1, 1998. Because proposed Sec.  
5.203(e) already addresses the concerns of the commenter, we propose to 
take no action based on this comment.
    We propose to clarify Sec.  5.203(e)(2) to state that no payments 
may be made for any period before October 1, 1998. The regulation text 
stated the month, and year, but failed to state the date. The exact 
date is needed in order to avoid an erroneous payment.
    We also propose to clarify Sec.  5.203(f)(2) to state that no 
payments may be made for any period before January 1, 2004. The 
regulation text stated the month and year, but failed to state the 
date. The exact date is needed in order to avoid an erroneous payment.

Sec.  5.220 Status as a Child for VA Benefit Purposes

    We propose to reword the introductory text in Sec.  5.220 for 
clarity by improving sentence structure.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.220(a), began with the exception prior 
to the rule. To improve readability, we propose to place the exception 
at the end of the general rule.
    In nitially proposed Sec.  5.220(b)(2)(i), which is now paragraph 
(b)(1), we referred to a child who is ``incapable of self-support 
through his or her own efforts by reason of physical or mental 
disability''. We propose to eliminate the phrase ``through his or her 
own efforts'' because it is redundant of ``self-support'' and might be 
misinterpreted to mean that the child intentionally caused his or her 
incapacity, which is clearly not what we intended.
    We propose to move the content of initially proposed Sec.  
5.220(c)(2) to Sec.  5.226(c). Section 5.226(c) elaborates on the 
criteria set forth in Sec.  5.220(c)(2). This approach also enables us 
to eliminate the need to refer back to Sec.  5.220 in Sec.  5.226(c). 
We will leave Sec.  5.220(c)(2) as a cross-reference to Sec.  5.226.
    We propose to add a new paragraph (d) to proposed Sec.  5.220. In 
accordance with Sec.  3.503(a)(2), this new paragraph would provide 
that a person is still considered a child of a veteran even if the 
person has entered active duty.

Sec.  5.221 Evidence To Establish a Parent/Natural Child Relationship

    We propose to reword the regulation text in Sec.  5.221(a)(2) for 
clarity.
    We propose to delete Sec.  5.221(a)(2)--Note. The content of the 
Note is adequately covered in Sec.  5.220(c)(2), so it is unnecessary.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.221(b)(2)(iii)(A) limited evidence of 
paternity to church records of baptism without referencing other 
religions. We propose to revise the rule to allow any ``religious-
context record documenting the birth of the child'' in order to 
eliminate any perceived bias for or against a particular religion or 
faith. We propose to add similar language to Sec.  5.229(b).

Sec.  5.222 Evidence To Establish an Adopted Child Relationship

    We propose to add a sentence to the initially proposed undesignated 
first paragraph to state the purpose of this section. We propose to 
make technical revisions to Sec.  5.222 to clarify that this rule is an 
exception to Sec.  5.181(b). We

[[Page 71099]]

propose to make similar clarifications to Sec. Sec.  5.223 and 5.224.
    We propose to add an order of preference of types of evidence VA 
requires to prove an adopted child relationship. We explained orders of 
preference for evidence in our discussion of Sec.  5.181.

Sec.  5.223 Child Adopted After a Veteran's Death

    Originally proposed Sec.  5.223 (a) (now (b)) required, inter alia, 
that, ``The person adopted was living in the veteran's household at the 
time of the veteran's death . . .'' This language was based on Sec.  
3.57(c)(1). Upon further review, we note that Sec.  3.210(c)(2) uses 
the phrase ``was a member of the veteran's household'' to describe the 
same criteria for children adopted after a veteran's death. To make 
Sec.  5.223(b) consistent with similar provisions in part 5 (Sec. Sec.  
5.220, 5.226, 5.233, 5.332) we propose to change the paragraph to read, 
``was a member of the veteran's household''. We therefore propose not 
to restate the language of Sec.  3.57(c)(1) and (3) in part 5 because 
it is redundant of the language in Sec.  3.210(c)(2).

Sec.  5.225 Child Status Based on Adoption Into a Veteran's Family 
Under Foreign Law

    Our definition of ``State'' in Sec.  5.1 includes territories and 
possessions of the US. Therefore it is unnecessary to include the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in this section. We 
propose to remove it.

Sec.  5.227 Child Status Based on Permanent Incapacity for Self-Support

    We have clarified the regulation text in Sec.  5.227(b)(1)(iv). The 
initially proposed rule said that ``evidence that a person was not 
employed before or after reaching 18 years old tends to show incapacity 
for self support when the lack of employment was due to the person's 
physical or mental disabilities and not due to unwillingness to work or 
other factors unrelated to the person's disability.'' We believe that 
the phrase ``before or after reaching 18 years old'' could be unclear 
and we therefore propose to clearly state that the rule applies to a 
person who ``has never been employed''.
    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.227(c) to clarify 
that this rule does not exclude from consideration any particular 
evidence or require that any evidence should be treated more favorably. 
The rule simply provides guidance to VA employees and to the public 
about likely sources of evidence relevant to the question whether a 
person is permanently incapacitated.

Sec.  5.228 Exceptions Applicable to Termination of Child Status Based 
on Marriage of the Child

    We propose to add an introductory sentence to give context to 
initially proposed Sec.  5.228.

Sec.  5.229 Proof of Age or Birth

    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.229 to clearly 
state that the evidence described therein must be provided in 
accordance with the order of preference in which it is listed, as 
discussed earlier in proposed Sec.  5.192, and have also reorganized 
the rule to improve readability.
    In addition, we propose to remove the cross reference to Sec.  
5.180(e) (now Sec.  5.181(d)), ``Acceptability of photocopies''. That 
paragraph applies equally to all of the sections listed in Sec.  
5.181(c), so there is no need to reference it in any of those sections.
    In the initially proposed paragraph (a)(4) we inadvertently changed 
the persons who could certify a birth. We stated that a claimant or 
beneficiary could prove age or birth with ``[a]n affidavit or certified 
statement from a physician or midwife present during the birth''. 
However, 38 CFR 3.209(d), from which this paragraph derives, allows 
proof of age or birth with an ``[a]ffidavit or a certified statement of 
the physician or midwife in attendance at birth''. We propose to use 
this language because it is a more precise statement of the 
requirement.

Sec.  5.230 Effective Date of Award of Pension or Dependency and 
Indemnity Compensation to, or for, a Child Born After the Veteran's 
Death

    We propose to reword the section for clarity.

Sec.  5.234 Effective Date of an Award, Reduction, or Discontinuance of 
Benefits Based on Child Status Due to Permanent Incapacity for Self-
Support

    We propose to restructure initially proposed Sec.  5.234(a), by 
creating separate paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) for effective dates of 
awards and for reductions and discontinuances. We believe this 
structure will better inform readers on the contents of this section.

Sec.  5.238 Status as Veteran's Parent

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.240(c) we stated that the term 
``parent'' includes a natural mother or father of an illegitimate child 
``if the usual family relationship existed.'' Upon further review, we 
have determined that there is no statutory or regulatory authority for 
this provision, and we therefore propose to remove it.

Comment Relating to a Different Portion of This Rulemaking

    A comment was submitted by a member of the public concerning title 
32 National Guard troops suggesting that their active duty for training 
be considered as ``active duty'', thereby allowing them veteran status. 
This comment is outside the scope of this proposed rule published under 
RIN 2900-AL94, but is relevant to another NPRM, RIN 2900-AL67, 
``Service Requirements for Veterans''. This comment was addressed 
together with all of the other submissions received in connection with 
RIN 2900-AL67.

Changes in Terminology for Clarity and/or Consistency

    We also propose to correct our use of the terms ``claim'' and 
``application''. Under 38 CFR 3.1(p), ``Claim--Application'' is defined 
as ``a formal or informal communication in writing requesting a 
determination of entitlement, or evidencing a belief in entitlement, to 
a benefit''. As stated in initially proposed Sec.  5.1, for purposes of 
part 5, ``claim means a formal or informal communication in writing 
requesting a determination of entitlement or evidencing a belief in 
entitlement, to a VA benefit under this part'' and as stated in 
proposed Sec.  5.1, ``application means a specific form required by the 
Secretary that a claimant must file to apply for a benefit''. We 
similarly propose to edit the part 5 regulations proposed in AL94 to 
correct other inconsistencies in terminology.

X. Subpart E: Claims for Service Connection and Disability Compensation 
Service-Connected and Other Disability Compensation

A. Service-Connected and Other Disability Compensation

    In a document published in the Federal Register on September 1, 
2010, we proposed to revise VA regulations governing service-connected 
and other disability compensation. See 75 FR 53744. We provided a 60-
day comment period that ended November 1, 2010. We received submissions 
from 10 commenters: National Organization of Veterans Advocates, 
National Veterans Legal Services Program, Paralyzed Veterans of 
America, Vietnam Veterans of America, and six members of the general 
public.
    One AM07 commenter commended VA ``for the hard work and dedication 
that its personnel have put into this important project'' and stated 
that,

[[Page 71100]]

``Overall . . . VA did achieve its goals to make its service-connected 
regulations `logical, claimant-focused and user friendly[.]' ''
    One commenter stated that while the general idea of the proposed 
rule is good, some of the proposed changes may be adverse to veterans. 
However, the commenter did not specifically explain which changes might 
be adverse. The commenter also urged that VA offer online access to 
court decisions cited in its rulemaking documents.
    Because the commenter did not specifically explain which changes 
might be adverse to veterans, we cannot respond to that assertion, and 
we propose to make no change based on that comment. Regarding the 
suggestion on court decisions, we note that decisions of the U.S. Court 
of Appeals for Veterans Claims are available on their Web site at 
www.courts.cavc.gov and decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 
Federal Circuit are available at http://www.cafc.courts.gov. We 
therefore propose to make no changes based on these comments.
    Another commenter asserted that because of the complexity of the 
regulations proposed in AM07, veterans will incur very expensive legal 
costs in order to interpret them and determine what benefits they are 
entitled to. The commenter urged VA to add a section at the end of part 
5 outlining what a veteran's options are if the veteran disagrees with 
a VA decision. The commenter also suggested that VA provide a telephone 
number to call in the event that a veteran does not understand the 
final rule on part 5.
    VA's intent in rewriting these regulations was to make them less 
complex. To the extent that commenter believes that he or she requires 
assistance in preparing a claim for benefits, VA has recognized 87 
Veterans Service Organizations (VSO) for purposes of providing no-cost 
assistance with claims for VA benefits. Each of these VSOs has 
accredited representatives available to help veterans in preparing 
claims. A searchable list of recognized VSOs and accredited 
representatives is available at http://www.va.gov/ogc/apps/accreditation/index.asp.
    The regulations on how to file a notice of disagreement with a VA 
decision are found in 38 CFR parts 19-20, not in part 3, so that 
comment is outside the scope of this rulemaking. VA does not offer a 
phone number for purpose of explaining its regulations; we do not 
believe that would be an efficient use of government resources. But VA 
does have a number where veterans can call to inquire about the status 
of their benefits claims (1-800-827-1000), which veterans find very 
helpful. For these reasons, we propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    One commenter stated that he is opposed to ``patient registries'' 
in the prescription process and that all drugs should be taken or not 
at the discretion of the patient with the advice of his or her doctor. 
Because this comment is outside the scope of this rulemaking, we 
propose to make no change.
    One commenter urged that VA suspend its Regulation Rewrite Project 
until it is shown how the implementation of part 5 will interact with 
certain other VA programs: Virtual VA, Virtual Regional Office and the 
Veterans Benefits Management System. We do not believe that the 
implementation of part 5 will disrupt those information technology 
systems because they were designed to accommodate changes in law or 
regulation. VA will attempt to implement part 5 in a manner that causes 
the minimum possible disruption to VA claims processing operations. We 
believe that over the long term, having clear regulations for our 
employees to apply will significantly improve timeliness and accuracy 
in claims processing.

Sec.  5.242 General Principles of Service Connection

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.242(a) states that ``VA will give due 
consideration to any evidence of record concerning the places, types, 
and circumstances of the veteran's service . . .'' One commenter 
suggested that we insert the phrase ``and records constructively in the 
VA's possession'' after ``evidence'', to ensure that VA complies with 
the constructive possession rule set forth in Bell v. Derwinski, 2 Vet. 
App. 611 (1992).
    We do not believe it is necessary to include Bell's constructive 
possession rule in VA regulations, and doing so might actually confuse 
readers. Any evidence that is constructively in VA's possession would 
already be encompassed by the rule in Sec.  5.4(b) that VA decisions 
will be based on a review of the entire record. Adding that this 
includes evidence within VA's possession and which could reasonably be 
expected to be a part of the record could imply a requirement that the 
agency of original jurisdiction (AOJ) must consider material that is 
not actually in the record, which would be impossible. Furthermore, if 
the AOJ is aware of such evidence and it is ``necessary to substantiate 
the claim'', then the AOJ is already under a duty to obtain it and add 
it to the record (see 38 CFR 3.159, to be codified in part 5 as Sec.  
5.90). We therefore propose to make no change based on this comment.
    One commenter expressed concern that we did not repeat in proposed 
Sec.  5.242 the following language from 38 CFR 3.303(a): 
``Determinations as to service connection will be based on review of 
the entire evidence of record, with due consideration to the policy of 
the Department of Veterans Affairs to administer the law under a broad 
and liberal interpretation consistent with the facts in each individual 
case.''
    We inadvertently failed to explain why we did not include this 
language in initially proposed Sec.  5.242. Because proposed Sec.  
5.4(b) would clearly state that ``VA will base its decisions on a 
review of the entire record'', we believe it would be redundant and 
possibly confusing to restate this principle in specific sections in 
part 5 (as does part 3). Similarly, Sec.  5.4(b) states:

    It is VA's defined and consistently applied policy to administer 
the law under a broad interpretation, consistent with the facts 
shown in every case. VA will make decisions that grant every benefit 
that the law supports while at the same time protecting the 
interests of the Government.

    Since this language is substantially the same as the language 
quoted by the commenter, and it applies to all VA claims rather than 
just service connection, there is no need to repeat it in Sec.  5.242.
    One commenter urged VA to establish a new policy by revising 
initially proposed Sec.  5.242 to create a presumption based on H.R. 
1490, 110th Congress, 1st session. The commenter suggested that VA 
include the following language in Sec.  5.242(c):

    (1) A claimant presenting a claim for benefits with respect to a 
service-connected disability or death shall be presumed to have 
presented a valid claim of service connectedness, subject to the 
requirements of subparagraph (2), unless the Secretary determines 
that there is clear and convincing evidence to the contrary.
    (2) A claimant presenting a claim described under subparagraph 
(1) shall be required to support such claim with proof of service 
referred to in such claim, and a brief description of the nature, 
including the connection to such service, of the disability or 
claim.

    The commenter asserted that this presumption would allow VA to 
quickly process backlogged claims.
    The purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make VA's 
compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-focused, 
and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major changes 
to VA

[[Page 71101]]

policies. Thus, the comment is outside the scope of this rulemaking.

Sec.  5.243 Establishing Service Connection.

    Two commenters expressed concern that VA's use of the term 
``proximately caused'' in proposed Sec.  5.243(a) would improperly 
narrow the criteria for showing incurrence or aggravation. One of these 
commenters believed that using the term would improperly import a 
restrictive tort law concept into VA's regulations on service 
connection. Although this was not our intent, to avoid any such 
misinterpretation, we propose to revise the term to ``due to or the 
result of'' as suggested by one of the commenters. For the same reason, 
we propose to make the same revision in Sec. Sec.  5.246 and 5.247.
    One of these commenters also rejected the use of term ``caused by'' 
in proposed Sec.  5.241(a) and (b), which the commenter suggested be 
changed to `` `incurred' or `aggravated' '' (as in current 38 CFR 
3.1(k) and 3.303(a)) or ``related to''. The commenter similarly, urged 
VA to replace ``proximately caused'' in proposed Sec.  5.243(a) with 
``related to'' and ``causal link'' in proposed Sec.  5.243(a)(3) with 
``relationship.'' The commenter acknowledged that, as we noted in the 
preamble to proposed Sec.  5.243, the court in Shedden v. Principi, 381 
F.3d 1163, 1166-67 (Fed. Cir. 2004) explained that service connection 
requires ``a causal relationship between the present disability and the 
disease or injury incurred or aggravated during service'' (citing 
Caluza v. Brown, 7 Vet. App. 498, 505 (1995)). Nevertheless, the 
commenter believed that use of the causation terms that VA proposed in 
Sec. Sec.  5.241 and 5.243 will cause confusion by imposing a ``strict 
medical standard'' in cases where it would be ``inappropriate and 
excessive.'' The commenter asserted that diseases such as 
tempromandibular joint syndrome and ulcers ``may not be susceptible to 
definitive proof that the disease was `caused by' the incident in 
service.'' The commenter also noted that VA has determined that there 
is a positive association between herbicides and three medical 
conditions ``even though there is no proof that exposure to herbicides 
caused veterans to develop the conditions.''
    As a preliminary matter, we note that the language ``proximately 
caused'' in proposed Sec.  5.243(a) was merely a recitation of the 
title of proposed Sec.  5.246, rather than regulation text. More 
fundamentally, we note that the ``causal relationship'' principle set 
forth in the Caluza case is a well established principle of veterans 
law and no court has held that it is in any way inconsistent with the 
regulatory language in Sec. Sec.  3.1(k) or 3.303(a). We disagree with 
the assertion that the use of the terms that VA proposed will cause 
confusion by imposing a ``strict medical standard'' in cases where it 
would be ``inappropriate and excessive'' and the commenter offers no 
support for this assertion. We likewise disagree with the assertion 
that the proposed rules would impose some new ``definitive proof'' 
standard for diseases such as temporomandibular joint syndrome and 
ulcers, and again the commenter offers no support for this assertion. 
Regarding the commenter's statement that VA has determined that there 
is a positive association between herbicides and three medical 
conditions ``even though there is no proof that exposure to herbicides 
caused veterans to develop the conditions'', we note that this 
determination was made pursuant to an entirely different statute (38 
U.S.C. 1116) than the statutes that authorize the causation terms used 
in Sec. Sec.  5.241 and 5.243 (38 U.S.C. 1110 and 1131). Our use of the 
causation terms in Sec. Sec.  5.241 and 5.243 will express the same 
concepts as stated in Sec. Sec.  3.1(k) or 3.303(a), with no 
substantive change, and in a way that is more clear to those using the 
regulations. For these reasons, we propose to make no changes based on 
these comments.
    One commenter urged that, in order to comply with the standard for 
continuity of symptomatology contained in Savage v. Gober, 10 Vet. App. 
488, 498 (1997), VA should revise initially proposed Sec.  5.243(d) by 
inserting ``injury or disease'' before ``or signs or symptoms'' in 
paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) and also in paragraph (d)(3). For the same 
reason, the commenter also suggested that VA revise paragraph (d)(3) to 
read, ``(3) Competent evidence relates a present injury or disease or 
present signs or symptoms to the injury or disease or signs or symptoms 
which occurred during service or during an applicable presumptive 
period for a disease.''
    Regarding the suggested additions to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2), we 
note that the Savage court summarized the continuity provision of 38 
CFR 3.303(b) as follows:


    In sum, then, the rule here established is as follows * * * If 
the chronicity provision is not applicable, a claim may still be 
well grounded or reopened on the basis of Sec.  3.303(b) if the 
condition is observed during service or any applicable presumption 
period, continuity of symptomatology is demonstrated thereafter, and 
competent evidence relates the present condition to that 
symptomatology.


Id.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.243(d)(1) we incorporated the 
requirement, as stated by the Savage court, ``that the condition [was] 
observed during service or any applicable presumption period'' with the 
phrase ``signs or symptoms of an injury or disease during active 
military service or during an applicable presumptive period.'' In 
initially proposed paragraph (d)(2) we incorporated the requirement, as 
stated by the court, that ``continuity of symptomatology [was] 
demonstrated thereafter'' with the phrase ``The signs or symptoms 
continued from the time of discharge . . . until the present.'' In 
initially proposed paragraph (d)(3) we incorporated the requirement, as 
stated by the court, ``that competent evidence relates the present 
condition to that symptomatology'' with the phrase ``The signs or 
symptoms currently demonstrated are signs or symptoms of an injury or 
disease, or the residuals of an injury or disease, to which paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section refers.''
    We believe that the language of initially proposed Sec.  5.243(d) 
accurately restates the intent of current Sec.  3.303(b) as summarized 
by the Savage court. As the court stated, the keys to the continuity 
doctrine are that ``the condition is observed [through signs or 
symptoms] during service or any applicable presumption period, 
continuity of symptomatology [i.e. signs or symptoms] is demonstrated 
thereafter, and competent evidence relates the present condition to 
that symptomatology.'' Savage, 10 Vet. App. at 498. Following the 
commenter's suggestion of inserting ``injury or disease'' would 
introduce a new element to the doctrine which is not found in Sec.  
3.303(b) nor the court cases interpreting that paragraph. Moreover, it 
would risk confusing readers by blurring the line between the 
chronicity doctrine and the continuity doctrine. For these reasons, we 
propose to make no change based on this comment.
    Since we published AM07, ``Service-Connected and Other Disability 
Compensation'' 75 FR 53744 (Sept. 1, 2010), VA has determined that 
initially proposed Sec.  5.243 did not accurately restate current Sec.  
3.303(b) in the following respect. Section 5.243 would have made 
``continuity of symptomatology'' a separate method of showing service 
connection distinct from the ``chronicity'' method set forth in Sec.  
3.303(b). In Walker v. Shinseki, 708 F.3d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 2013), the 
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit explained the correct 
interpretation of these Sec.  3.303(b) provisions. The Court held that 
continuity of symptomatology

[[Page 71102]]

is actually a means of proving the existence of a chronic disease 
during military service or an applicable presumptive period. We now 
propose to correct the error contained in the NPRM by revising the 
provisions of initially proposed Sec.  5.243(d), which we are moving 
into paragraph (c).
    In addition to misstating the role of continuity of symptomatology, 
we erroneously stated in initially proposed Sec.  5.243 that the term 
``chronic disease'' included other diseases besides those listed in 
current Sec.  3.309(a). The Walker court clarified that the term 
``chronic disease'', as used in Sec.  3.303(b), means only a disease 
listed in Sec.  3.309(a) and no others. Id. at 1338. We propose to 
clarify this point in Sec.  5.243(c)(2).
    Lastly, we note that initially proposed paragraph (d)(2), which 
stated, ``The signs or symptoms continued from the time of discharge or 
release from active military service until the present'', omitted a 
presumptive period. To correct this omission, we propose to insert ``or 
from the end of an applicable presumptive period for a disease'' in 
Sec.  5.243.
    In AM07, we stated:

    VA's long-standing practice is to apply the principles of 
chronicity and continuity to residuals of injury. This practice 
provides a fair and efficient means to determine service connection 
in certain cases, and it is logical to apply these principles to 
injuries as well as to diseases. Therefore, proposed Sec.  
5.243(c)(1) would also apply to an injury incurred or aggravated in 
service where the current disability is due to ``the chronic 
residuals of the same injury.''

    The court rejected the argument that Sec.  3.303(b) applies to 
injuries as well as to chronic diseases, stating, ``We thus reject 
Walker's broader argument that continuity of symptomatology in Sec.  
3.303(b) has any role other than to afford an alternative route to 
service connection for specific chronic diseases.'' Id. The court also 
noted that, ``The Secretary is free to amend Sec.  3.309(a) if he 
determines that chronic diseases beyond those currently listed should 
benefit from the application of Sec.  3.303(b),'' and noted that, ``the 
Secretary is currently considering a substantial revision of his 
regulations concerning service connection for disability 
compensation'', referring to VA's Regulation Rewrite Project. Id.
    As stated above in this preamble, our Veterans Benefits 
Administration's Transformation Plan will use improved technology and 
work methods to process disability claims more efficiently. VA has 
determined that significantly revising the substantive content of our 
service connection regulations at this time might interfere with this 
transformation. Moreover, further study is needed to determine the 
potential impact of such changes, after which VA may conduct a separate 
rulemaking for this purpose. We therefore propose not to include 
injuries in Sec.  5.243(c).

Sec.  5.244 Presumption of Sound Condition on Entry Into Military 
Service

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.244(c)(2) stated, ``The presumption of 
sound condition is rebuttable even if an entry medical examination 
shows that the examiner tested specifically for a certain injury or 
disease and did not find that injury or disease, if other evidence of 
record is sufficient to overcome the presumption.''
    One commenter urged that VA clarify paragraph (c)(2) by revising it 
to read, ``The presumption of sound condition is rebuttable, in 
accordance with subsection (d)(1), below, even if an entry medical 
examination shows that the examiner tested specifically for a certain 
injury or disease and did not find that injury or disease, provided 
other evidence of record is sufficient to overcome the presumption.'' 
The commenter asserted that this revision is needed to ensure the 
paragraph complies with Kent v. Principi, 389 F.3d 1380, 1383 (Fed. 
Cir. 2004).
    As we stated in the preamble to AM07, we added paragraph (c)(2), 
which has no part 3 counterpart, to incorporate the Kent holding into 
VA regulations. The commenter offers no explanation of how initially 
proposed paragraph (c)(2) is inconsistent with Kent nor how it is 
unclear in any way. Furthermore, the clear and unmistakable evidence 
standard of paragraph already applies to rebuttal of the presumption of 
service connection. We therefore make no change based on this comment.
    We propose to exclude initially proposed Sec.  5.244(b) because it 
is contrary to judicial interpretation of 38 U.S.C. 1111. Smith v. 
Shinseki, 24 Vet. App. 40 (2010); Crowe v. Brown, 7 Vet. App. 238 
(1994). Proposed Sec.  5.244, the part 5 counterpart of 38 CFR 
3.304(b), would implement 38 U.S.C. 1111, the presumption of sound 
condition. We initially proposed paragraph (b), which has no part 3 
counterpart, to ``clarify that the presumption of sound condition 
attaches even if the military service department did not conduct an 
entry medical examination, or if there is no record of an entry 
examination.'' 75 FR 53744, 53750 (Sep. 1, 2010). We explained that 
``if there was no entry medical examination, then there could be no 
`defects, infirmities, or disorders noted at the time of the 
examination, acceptance, and enrollment' that would serve to prevent 
the presumption from arising.'' Id.
    Initially proposed at 75 FR 53764, paragraph (b) described a report 
of entry examination not a condition for application of the presumption 
as a presumption of sound condition applies even if:
     The veteran did not have a medical examination for entry 
into active military service; or
     There is no record of the examination.
    In drafting paragraph (b), we overlooked precedent decisions of the 
U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims (CAVC) that held that 38 
U.S.C. 1111 requires an entry examination for the presumption to apply. 
In Smith, the court stated that section 1111 ``provides that the 
presumption applies when a veteran has been `examined, accepted, and 
enrolled for service.''' 24 Vet. App. at 45. The court said, ``Plainly, 
the statute requires that there be an examination prior to entry into 
the period of service on which the claim is based.'' Id. Although Ms. 
Smith ``attained veteran status because she served the required period 
of active duty service,'' id. at 44, the presumption could not apply in 
her case because there was no evidence of ``an examination made 
contemporaneous with [her] entry'' into the periods of active duty for 
training with the National Guard on which she based her claim. Id. at 
46.
    The court explained that ``[i]n the absence of such an examination, 
there is no basis from which to determine whether the claimant was in 
sound condition upon entry into that period of service on which the 
claim is based.'' Id. at 45. The court's reason why the statute 
precludes applying the presumption when there was no contemporaneous 
entry examination, or no evidence of one, was essentially the opposite 
of our reason why the presumption could apply in those situations.
    In Crowe, 7 Vet. App. at 245 (1994), the court stated that the 
presumption of sound condition ``attaches only where there has been an 
induction examination in which the later-complained-of disability was 
not detected.'' Though the court focused on the term ``noted'' in 
section 1111, as VA interpreted the term in 38 CFR 3.304(b), the 
statement is direct and unequivocal.
    Neither Smith nor Crowe was a case of a claimant for disability 
compensation who sought to apply the presumption of sound condition to 
a period of active duty even though he or she had no entry examination. 
Neither Smith nor Crowe was a case of a veteran

[[Page 71103]]

of active duty who claimed to have had an entry examination, but there 
is no record of it. Nonetheless, both decisions made unequivocal 
statements that mean, in essence, if there was no entry examination, 
the presumption cannot apply. VA must give deference to the court's 
interpretation of the plain meaning of a statute. See Cypert v. Peake, 
22 Vet. App. 307, 311 (2008) (Deference to department's regulation not 
warranted when its interpretation of a statute is contrary to the plain 
meaning of the statutory language). We conclude that the court's 
interpretation of Sec.  1111 in both cases precludes initially proposed 
Sec.  5.244(b). Consequently, we have removed it from proposed part 5. 
We also propose to redesignate paragraphs (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), 
respectively.
    In proposed rule AM07, ``Service-Connected and Other Disability 
Compensation,'' 75 FR 53744 (Sept. 1, 2010), we in advertently omitted 
the first five sentences of current Sec.  3.303(c). We now propose to 
insert these sentences, with only minor stylistic changes to improve 
readability, as Sec.  5.244(d).

Sec.  5.245 Service Connection Based on Aggravation of Preservice 
Injury or Disease

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.245(b)(3) stated the usual effects of 
medical or surgical treatment in service that ameliorates a preexisting 
injury or disease, such as postoperative scars, or absent or poorly 
functioning parts or organs, are not an increase in the severity of the 
underlying condition and they will not be service connected unless the 
preexisting injury or disease was otherwise aggravated by service.
    One commenter urged that VA clarify paragraph (b)(3) by revising it 
to read:

    (3) Effects of medical or surgical treatment. Where medical 
evidence establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the usual 
effects of medical or surgical treatment provided to a veteran in 
service to ameliorate a preexisting injury or disease, such as 
postoperative scars, or absent or poorly functioning parts or 
organs, do not constitute an increase in the severity of the 
underlying condition, they will not be service connected unless the 
preexisting injury or disease was otherwise aggravated by service 
(emphasis added).

    The commenter asserted that this revision is needed to ensure the 
paragraph complies with Hines v. Principi, 18 Vet. App. 227, 241-42 
(2004).
    As a preliminary matter, we note that the Hines case does not 
impose any requirement that there be ``clear and convincing'' evidence 
that the usual effects of treatment provided during service do not 
constitute an increase in the severity of the underlying condition. 
Likewise, there is no such requirement in current Sec.  3.306(b)(1), 
the regulation on which initially proposed Sec.  5.245(b)(3) was based. 
The commenter offers no explanation of how initially proposed paragraph 
(b)(3) is inconsistent with Hines or Sec.  3.306(b)(1) nor how it is 
unclear in any way. We therefore propose to make no change based on 
this comment.

Sec.  5.249 Special Service Connection Rules for Combat-Related Injury 
or Disease

    One commenter urged VA to establish a new policy by revising 
initally proposed Sec.  5.249 to create a presumption based on H.R. 
6732, 110th Congress, 2nd session. The commenter suggested that VA 
include the following language in Sec.  5.249: ``(iii) Deployment 
during service to a theatre of combat operations or hostilities during 
a period of war.''
    The purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make VA's 
compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-focused, 
and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major changes 
to VA policies. Thus, the comment is outside the scope of this 
rulemaking.

Sec.  5.250 Service Cnnection for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

    One commenter expressed concern that proposed Sec.  5.250 modifies 
the provision in 38 CFR 3.304(f) that states, ``[i]f the evidence 
establishes that the veteran engaged in combat with the enemy and the 
claimed stressor is related to that combat . . . the veteran's lay 
testimony alone may establish the occurrence of the claimed in-service 
stressor.'' The commenter believed that proposed Sec.  5.250 ``shifts 
the burden to the veteran by requiring `credible evidence from any 
source, other than the claimant's statement, that corroborates the 
occurrence of the in-service stressor.' '' Another commenter also 
expressed the same concerns.
    Proposed Sec.  5.250 does not increase the burden of proof on 
veterans claiming service connection for posttraumatic stress disorder 
(PTSD). The provision quoted by the commenter is merely a restatement 
of the language in the introductory paragraph of Sec.  3.304(f). The 
special provision for combat veterans that the commenter referred to is 
discussed in proposed Sec.  5.250(d). That paragraph refers the reader 
to the rule for combat veterans contained in Sec.  5.249. As we stated 
in the NPRM preamble, because Sec.  5.249 applies to all claims, there 
is no need to repeat it in Sec.  5.250. We therefore propose to make no 
change based on this comment.
    One commenter urged that VA revise initially proposed Sec.  5.250 
to eliminate the ``credible supporting evidence'' requirement for PTSD 
stressors which would permit a VA fact-finding hearing official to 
consider a veteran's sworn, personal hearing testimony--if believed by 
the VA hearing official--as evidence that can establish that the 
veteran was exposed to an adequate stressor. The commenter asserted, 
among other things, that this requirement, which is based on an 
identical, long-standing provision in 38 CFR 3.304(f), is contrary to 
38 U.S.C. 5107(b), which states, ``The Secretary shall consider all 
information and lay and medical evidence of record in a case . . .''
    We respectfully note that the legal arguments raised by the 
commenter were addressed and rejected by the U.S. Court of Appeals for 
the Federal Circuit in Nat'l Org. of Veterans Advocates v. Sec'y of 
Veterans Affairs, 330 F. 3d 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2003). In NOVA, the court 
expressly held that Sec.  3.304(f) does not permit VA to deny service 
connection for PTSD in non-combat veterans without considering all the 
information and evidence of record in cluding lay evidence. 330 F.3d at 
1352. It went on to hold that Sec.  3.304(f) was consistent with 38 
U.S.C. 5107. Id. Because the court has upheld this provision, and 
because we continue to believe that the rationale for the requirement 
is valid, we propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.250(a)(1), required that in claims for 
service connection for PTSD, there must be ``[m]edical evidence 
diagnosing PTSD in accordance with Sec.  4.125(a) of this chapter.'' 75 
FR at 53765. See 38 CFR 4.125(a) (2010). Under Sec.  4.125, all mental 
disorder diagnoses must conform to the American Psychiatric 
Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 
Fourth Edition (1994) (``DSM-IV'). Id. One commenter asserted that 
initially proposed Sec.  5.250(e)(2)(ii) is inconsistent with the DSM-
IV's first diagnostic criterion to support a diagnosis of PTSD because 
the proposed paragraph uses terms that the DSM-IV does not use. 
Specifically, the commenter noted that under the DSM-IV's first 
diagnostic criterion, a person who has been exposed to a 
psychologically traumatic event, like those events described in 
initially proposed Sec.  5.250(e)(2)(i), VA omitted the term 
``intense'' and instead stated that must have experienced a response to 
the traumatic event that

[[Page 71104]]

``involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror.'' However, under 
initially proposed Sec.  5.250(e)(2)(ii), a veteran's response to a 
traumatic event must ``involve [ ] a psychological or psycho-
physiological state of fear, helplessness, or horror.'' 75 FR at 53766. 
The commenter noted that the terms ``psychological'' and ``psycho-
physiological'' do not appear in the DSM-IV.
    We note that Sec.  5.250(e)(2)(ii) was based on a provision in 
Sec.  3.304(f)(3), which VA added by a separate rulemaking published 
July 13, 2010 (75 FR 39843) and which has been challenged in the case 
Paralyzed Veterans of America v. Sec'y of Veterans Affairs, 412 F. 
App'x 286 (Fed. Cir. 2011). We believe that it would be premature to 
revise proposed Sec.  5.250(e)(1) until the U.S. Court of Appeals for 
the Federal Circuit has rendered a decision in the above captioned 
case, and we therefore propose to make no change based on these 
comments.
    Several commenters suggested that proposed Sec.  5.250(e)(1) be 
changed to allow the stressor to be confirmed by any examining or 
treating psychiatrist or psychologist, not just a VA psychiatrist or 
psychologist. We note this provision is based on a provision in Sec.  
3.304(f)(3), which VA added by a separate rulemaking published July 13, 
2010 (75 FR 39843) and which has been challenged in the case Paralyzed 
Veterans of America v. Sec'y of Veterans Affairs, 412 F. App'x 286 
(Fed. Cir. 2011). We believe that it would be premature to revise 
proposed Sec.  5.250(e)(1) until the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 
Federal Circuit has rendered a decision in the above captioned case, 
and we therefore propose to make no change based on these comments.
    Another commenter urged VA to revise proposed Sec.  5.250 (f) 
``Special rules for establishing a stressor based on personal 
assault'', to allow veterans diagnosed with PTSD resulting from 
Military Sexual Trauma (MST) six months to respond to a VA request for 
more information about their stressor, rather than the 30 days under 
current VA practice pursuant to the Veterans Claims Assistance Act 
(VCAA). The commenter asserted that, ``Without more time veterans with 
PTSD secondary to MST are unlikely to comply.'' In support of this 
assertion, the commenter stated:

    Veterans with PTSD as a result of MST often feel guilt or shame. 
Many of these veterans have not shared with family and friends that 
they were sexually assaulted in the military. If a veteran receives 
a VCAA notice asking for additional evidence, such as statements 
regarding changes in behavior from friends and family, the guilt and 
shame that they are suffering make it unlikely that the veteran will 
respond to the 30 day deadline of the VCAA notice. Many of ICLC's 
clients are in mental health treatment facilities because of the 
impact of their PTSD secondary to MST. These clients cannot handle 
day to day functions. Responding within 30 days to a VCAA notice is 
unrealistic. This is especially true considering that the 
information the Regional Office requires can be difficult to obtain. 
Records from rape crisis centers are destroyed after a period of 
time and it can take as long as nine months to obtain service 
treatment records from the National Personnel Records Center. We 
have found that our clients need significant help and time to 
respond to the VCAA notice.

    The commenter also expressed concern that proposed Sec.  5.250(f) 
does not provide enough detail as to how a veteran will be ``advised 
that evidence from sources other than the veterans service records may 
constitute credible supporting evidence.'' The commenter noted that 
although the purpose of VA's Regulation Rewrite Project is to make VA 
regulations more logical, claimant-focused, and user-friendly, simply 
adopting 38 CFR 3.304(f)(5) ``wastes an opportunity to provide more 
concrete explanation of the type of notice that will be provided to a 
veteran with PTSD secondary to MST.''
    As a preliminary matter, we note that the procedures VA follows for 
requesting evidence from claimants is explained in proposed Sec.  5.90 
(based on current 38 CFR 3.159). These procedures apply to all claims, 
so it would be redundant to restate them in Sec.  5.250. Regarding the 
commenter's suggestion that, for military sexual trauma claims, VA 
expand the time permitted to respond to VA requests for evidence, we 
note that the commenter is correct that the purpose of the Regulation 
Rewrite Project is to make VA's compensation and pension regulations 
more logical, claimant-focused, and user-friendly, not to serve as a 
vehicle for making major changes to VA policies. Thus, the comment is 
outside the scope of this rulemaking.

Sec.  5.251 Current Disabilities for Which VA Cannot Grant Service 
Connection.

    When we initially proposed Sec.  5.251 (see 75 FR 53744, Sept. 1, 
2010), we failed to state in the preamble that proposed 5.251(c) would 
be new. It would incorporate and expand upon 38 CFR 4.127, which 
states, ``Mental retardation and personality disorders are not diseases 
or injuries for compensation purposes, and, except as provided in Sec.  
3.310(a) of this chapter, disability resulting from them may not be 
service-connected. However, disability resulting from a mental disorder 
that is superimposed upon mental retardation or a personality disorder 
may be service-connected.'' Proposed Sec.  5.251(c) expands the 
principle to recognize that the preexistence or coexistence of 
disabilities for which VA cannot grant service connection does not 
preclude granting service connection for ``superimposed'' disabilities 
that independently meet the criteria for service connection.

B. Presumptions of Service Connection for Certain Disabilities, and 
Related Matters

    In a document published in the Federal Register on July 27, 2004, 
we proposed to revise VA regulations governing presumptions of service 
connection for certain disabilities and related matters, to be 
published in new 38 CFR part 5. See 69 FR 44614. We provided a 60-day 
comment period that ended September 27, 2004. We received submissions 
from seven commenters: Disabled American Veterans, Paralyzed Veterans 
of America, Vietnam Veterans of America, and four members of the 
general public.

Undesignated Center Heading Before Sec.  5.260

    One commenter suggested that the proposed undesignated center 
heading before Sec.  5.260 is inaccurate. As proposed, it read, 
``Presumptions of Service Connection for Certain Disabilities, and 
Related Matters.'' The commenter suggested that the word 
``disabilities'' should be replaced by the word ``diseases'' because 
the presumption of service connection attaches to the disease rather 
than the disability and because it conflicts with subsequent regulatory 
language using the word ``disease''.
    We agree with the commenter that it is appropriate to add 
``diseases'' to the undesignated center heading; however, we would do 
so by inserting the word before the word ``disabilities'', rather than 
by replacing that word. The proposed undesignated center heading was 
imprecise because it was under-inclusive; however, to change the 
undesignated center heading by replacing ``disabilities'' with 
``diseases'' would also be under-inclusive because to simply refer in 
our regulations to ``diseases'' may not adequately identify to readers 
all of the medical conditions identified by the authorizing statutes. 
See, for example, 38 U.S.C. 1112 (titled ``Presumptions relating to 
certain diseases and disabilities''); 38 U.S.C.

[[Page 71105]]

1112(b)(10) and (14) (providing benefits for a ``disorder'' and a 
``syndrome''); 38 U.S.C. 1117 (authorizing compensation for 
``qualifying chronic disabilit[ies]''); and 38 CFR 3.309(c) (including 
as presumptively service connectable ``diseases'', psychosis, anxiety 
states, dysthymic disorder, and organic residuals of frostbite, which 
may not be generally understood by the public as ``diseases''). It is 
important that our regulations clearly explain the various conditions 
to which a presumption applies, irrespective of whether current medical 
authorities classify a particular condition as a ``disease'', Referring 
to ``diseases, disabilities, and related matters'' in our undesignated 
subheading will provide the most useful information to VA personnel and 
the public.
    Thus, we propose to revise both the undesignated center heading and 
the regulations herein in accordance with the above discussion. For 
example, in Sec.  5.261, we refer to ``chronic diseases'' because that 
is the term the statute uses and because the list comprises conditions 
that are commonly understood to be diseases. The sole exception might 
be a ``brain hemorrhage'', but we do not believe that including that 
condition on the long list of ``chronic diseases'' will create 
confusion. On the other hand, in Sec.  5.267(b), we provide a ``list 
[of] diseases or injuries that VA will consider associated with full-
body exposure to nitrogen mustard, sulfur mustard, or Lewisite'' 
because that list contains several items that are more commonly 
understood to be injuries, such as corneal opacities and scar 
formation.

Sec.  5.260 General Rules Governing Presumptions of Service Connection

    We propose to revise the heading of Sec.  5.260 from ``General 
rules and definitions'' to ``General rules governing presumptions of 
service connection.'' This title is more precise and more descriptive.
    We received two comments regarding Sec.  5.260(a), a new provision 
that describes the purpose of presumptions of service connection. Both 
commenters agreed that the description of presumptions and how they 
operate in Sec.  5.260(a) is accurate. However, both commenters 
suggested that VA add language to Sec.  5.260(a) to clearly define the 
term ``presumption''.
    One commenter suggested supplementing the explanation of how a 
presumption operates with a legal definition of the term 
``presumption'', in order to make clear that presumptions are a rule of 
law that must be followed unless the presumption is sufficiently 
rebutted. The commenter suggested two definitions. The first is from 
Manning v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co., 100 U.S. 693, 697-98 
(1879), which held that the existence of a fact may be presumed from 
the existence of other proven facts, so long as the presumed fact has 
an immediate connection or relation with the proven facts. The second 
definition suggested by the commenter is from ``Black's Law 
Dictionary'', 1067 (5th ed. 1979), stating that a presumption is ``a 
rule of law, statutory or judicial, by which finding of a basic fact 
gives rise to existence of presumed fact, until presumption is 
rebutted.''
    After review, we propose not to define the term ``presumption'' in 
Sec.  5.260(a). While both legal definitions of the term 
``presumption'' suggested by the commenter are correct, we do not 
believe that regulation readers will be best served by a legal 
definition of the term ``presumption'' in Sec.  5.260(a). Since the 
legal definition of a presumption is a clear concept in the law, it is 
not necessary to include such a definition to aid the courts in 
interpreting the term ``presumption''. In addition, a legal definition 
of ``presumption'' in proposed Sec.  5.260(a) would not well serve 
readers who may not be familiar with legal jargon in such a definition. 
With respect to the commenter's suggestion that VA must clarify that a 
presumption is a rule of law, we note that the mere existence of 
presumptions in both the statutes and in these regulations makes clear 
that these presumptions are in fact laws. With respect to the legal 
effect of a presumption, we have adequately explained the effect of the 
presumptions of service connection in proposed Sec.  5.260(a).
    Another commenter suggested that VA adopt the final sentence of 
Sec.  3.303(d) as the first sentence of Sec.  5.260(a), as it is a 
clear and succinct statement of the purpose of presumptions. The final 
sentence of Sec.  3.303(d) reads: ``The presumptive provisions of the 
statute and [VA] regulations implementing them are intended as 
liberalizations applicable when the evidence would not warrant service 
connection without their aid.''
    We agree in part, and propose to add the following as the first 
sentence of Sec.  5.260(a): ``Presumptions of service connection apply 
when the evidence would not warrant service connection without their 
aid.'' We do not mean to include the characterization of the 
presumptions as liberalizations because such a characterization is not 
helpful. Although it is true that presumptions of service connection 
allow veterans who might not be able to establish direct service 
connection to have their disease service connected, it is misleading to 
refer to them as liberalizations. The effect of a liberalizing law is 
provided for in Sec.  5.152, and we do not want Sec.  5.260(a) to 
confuse that section with the general law governing presumptions of 
service connection.
    In addition, we determined that in initially proposed Sec.  5.260, 
we failed to include the second sentence of 38 CFR 3.303(d), which 
states, ``Presumptive periods are not intended to limit service 
connection to diseases so diagnosed when the evidence warrants direct 
service connection.'' We propose to restate this provision more clearly 
by adding this sentence at the end of Sec.  5.260(a), ``VA will not use 
the existence of a presumptive period to deny service connection for a 
presumptive disease diagnosed after the presumptive period if direct 
evidence shows it was incurred or aggravated during service.''
    After reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.260(b)(1), we propose to 
remove the parentheses from around the last sentence of the paragraph 
because they are unnecessary.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.260(b)(2) discussed ``competent lay 
evidence'', ``lay evidence'', and ``medical evidence''. In Sec.  5.1 we 
have defined ``competent lay evidence'' and ``competent expert 
evidence'' (which includes medical evidence). Our intent in initially 
proposed paragraph (b)(2) was to refer to competent evidence. We 
therefore propose to insert the word competent before lay and medical 
throughout this paragraph. To ensure consistency we propose to make 
these same changes throughout part 5.
    We propose to make a minor technical change to the language of 
Sec.  5.260(c). The introductory text to Sec.  5.260(c), as initially 
proposed, stated: ``VA cannot grant service connection under this 
section when the presumption has been rebutted by the evidence of 
record.'' 69 FR 44624, July 27, 2004. We propose to change the words 
``this section'' in this sentence to ``Sec. Sec.  5.261, 5.262, 5.264 
through 5.268, 5.270 and 5.271''.
    In addition, we propose to change initially proposed Sec.  5.260(c) 
based on comments objecting to our decision not to use the term 
``affirmative evidence'' in the description of what kind of evidence 
may be used to rebut a presumption of service connection for a disease. 
Specifically, in Sec.  5.260(c)(2) we stated that ``[a]ny evidence 
competent to indicate the time a disease existed or started may rebut a 
presumption of service connection that would otherwise

[[Page 71106]]

apply.'' 69 FR 44614, July 27, 2004. Because 38 U.S.C. 1113(a) 
specifically requires ``affirmative evidence'' to rebut the ``disease 
presumptions'' set forth in chapter 11, title 38, United States Code, 
we propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.260(c) to require 
affirmative evidence. In addition, we agree with several commenters who 
defined affirmative evidence as evidence that declares a fact 
positively and establishes that a particular disease does not warrant 
the award of presumptive service-connection. We propose to revise 
paragraph (c)(2) to define ``affirmative evidence'' as ``evidence that 
supports the existence of a particular fact,'' and to further state 
that affirmative evidence ``does not mean the mere absence of 
evidence.''
    However, some commenters asserted that under no circumstances may 
VA rebut a presumption based on the absence of evidence. A commenter 
stated that a medical opinion founded on the absence of symptoms is not 
``affirmative evidence''. Similarly, another commenter stated that a 
medical opinion used to rebut the presumption of service connection for 
a chronic disease may not be based on the length of time between 
service and clinical manifestation of the disease, because Congress 
chose a specific period for the presumption of service connection to 
apply for each disease. The commenter noted that in 38 U.S.C. 
1112(a)(2), Congress provided for a presumptive period of ``one year 
from the date of separation from such service, or at a time when 
standard or accepted treatises indicate that the incubation period 
thereof commenced during such service.'' According to the commenter, 
because Congress did not provide this alternative for chronic diseases, 
pure medical judgments cannot override the presumptive period allotted 
by Congress.
    We disagree with these comments in the following respect: To rebut 
a presumption that a presumptive disease was incurred during service or 
during the post-service presumptive period, affirmative evidence would 
have to show that the disease did not exist at such time. A medical 
opinion that establishes the date of onset of the disease determined by 
the use of fact-based medical evidence may serve as ``affirmative 
evidence'' regarding the onset or existence of that disease, even if 
the mere absence of symptoms or other evidence of disease is not. In 
other words, it is the medical professional's qualified opinion that 
serves as evidence to be considered by VA's adjudicator, not the lack 
of evidence in the claims file. Hence, we propose to revise Sec.  
5.260(c)(2) to state that ``the absence of evidence may be a basis for 
affirmative evidence. For example, a medical professional may conclude 
that a disease or disability existed or started at a particular time 
based on an absence of evidence of signs or symptoms of the condition 
before that time.''
    One commenter objected to the statement in proposed Sec.  5.260(c) 
which states that once a presumption has been rebutted, VA can no 
longer grant presumptive service connection. The commenter believes the 
statement is not true in all cases, and suggests that if the veteran 
provides medical or lay evidence, it would be possible for the veteran 
to establish service connection on a presumptive basis. As an example, 
the commenter proposes a situation where VA reviews available medical 
records and finds the evidence rebuts the presumption of service 
connection because the veteran has not received a credible diagnosis of 
the disease for which he or she is claiming presumptive service 
connection. The commenter proposes that if the veteran later obtains a 
credible medical opinion diagnosing the veteran with the presumptive 
disease, the veteran should be entitled to presumptive service 
connection.
    We propose not to make any changes based on this comment. In the 
hypothetical situation posed by the commenter, the absence of a 
credible diagnosis of the claimed disease does not serve to rebut the 
presumption of service connection. In that situation, the presumption 
never arose because the existence of the claimed condition is one of 
the underlying facts necessary to give rise to the presumption. If the 
veteran subsequently presents evidence sufficient to prove that he or 
she did in fact suffer from a disease for which VA may grant 
presumptive service connection, then the presumption will apply.
    In any event, no scenario allows VA to grant presumptive service 
connection after the evidence rebuts the presumption. The commenter is 
correct that if VA rebuts the presumption of service connection for a 
disease, the veteran is entitled to bring forth evidence supporting 
service connection. However, service connection established in this 
manner is granted under 38 U.S.C. 1110 (generally referred to as 
``direct'' service connection) and is not presumptive service 
connection. If the presumption of service connection is rebutted, a 
veteran may still establish service connection by filing evidence 
showing the onset of the disease in service, or by any other method 
provided by these regulations.
    In NPRM AM07, we changed ``symptomatology'' to ``signs or 
symptoms'' consistent with current medical terminology. For 
consistency, we propose to do the same in Sec.  5.260 and throughout 
part 5. In paragraph (b)(1), we propose to change ``symptomatology'' to 
``signs or symptoms''. In (b)(2), we propose to replace the phrase 
``physical findings and symptomatology'' with ``signs or symptoms''. 
The term ``signs'' is equivalent to ``physical findings''. Moreover, we 
intend this rule to include mental as well as physical signs.
    In initially proposed paragraph (c)(2), we stated, ``For example, a 
medical professional may conclude that a disease or disability existed 
or started at a particular time based on an absence of evidence of 
symptoms of the condition.'' We now propose to insert ``signs or'' 
before ``symptoms''. We also propose to insert ``before that time'' at 
the end of the sentence to clarify when an absence of signs or symptoms 
is relevant.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.260(a) and (c) we omitted reference 
to Sec.  5.263, ``Presumption of Service Connection for Non-Hodgkin's 
Lymphoma Based on Service in Vietnam''. In reviewing the presumption 
regulations to respond to comments, we have noted that there is no 
reason to exclude Sec.  5.263 from these provisions. We recognize that 
38 CFR 3.313 contains no rebuttal provision but we do not believe that 
an irrebuttable presumption would be consistent with title 38 to the 
extent it would authorize benefits for a disease shown by clear 
evidence to be unrelated to service or to be attributable to the 
veteran's willful misconduct. We therefore propose to include Sec.  
5.263 in paragraphs (a) and (c).

Sec.  5.261 Certain Chronic Diseases VA Presumes Are Service Connected

    In reviewing the initially proposed regulation, we noted that we 
included the phrase, ``from a qualifying period of service'', in Sec.  
5.261(a)(1), but not in Sec.  5.261(a)(2). To ensure that readers are 
aware that the presumptions apply only after a period of qualifying 
service, we propose to revise Sec.  5.261(a)(2) to include the phrase, 
``after a qualifying period of service''. In Sec.  5.261(a)(1), we 
propose to change the term, ``a year'' to ``1 year'' to ensure 
consistency throughout our regulations.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.261(c), based on current Sec. Sec.  
3.307(a)(2) and 3.308(a), we stated, ``In claims based on service 
ending before December 7, 1941, for purpose of determining whether a 
chronic disease manifested within a presumptive period under this 
section,

[[Page 71107]]

the date of separation from wartime service will be the date of 
discharge or release during a war period, or if service continued after 
the war, the end of the war period.'' We have determined that this 
paragraph is erroneous because veterans whose service ended before that 
date get no presumption of service connection for chronic disease. 
Therefore, there can be no ``date of separation from wartime service'' 
for a pre-December 7, 1941 veteran ``for the purpose of determining 
whether a chronic disease manifested within a presumptive period.'' We 
therefore propose to remove paragraph (c) and redesignate the remaining 
paragraphs of Sec.  5.261 accordingly.
    One commenter suggested that VA include a statement clarifying that 
the chronic diseases listed in initially proposed Sec.  5.261(d) (now 
(c)) are the only conditions that will be considered chronic. 
Currently, Sec.  3.307(a) states that no condition other than one 
listed in Sec.  3.309(a) will be considered chronic. In addition, 38 
U.S.C. 1101(3) contains a list of chronic diseases and includes ``such 
other chronic diseases as the Secretary may add to this list'', which 
strongly implies that the list should be considered exclusive absent 
action by the Secretary. The commenter believes that stating that the 
list of chronic diseases in Sec.  5.261(d) is exclusive will prevent 
any misconception that VA has the ability to establish presumptive 
service connection for any disease which appears no later than 1 year 
after leaving service. The commenter concluded that nothing prevents VA 
from stating the list of chronic conditions in Sec.  5.261(d) is 
exclusive.
    We agree and propose to include the sentence, ``Only conditions 
listed in this section are chronic for purposes of this section.'' The 
commenter is correct that only the conditions listed in Sec.  5.261(d) 
will be considered chronic for purposes of presumptive service 
connection under Sec.  5.261.
    One commenter suggested that for clarity, Sec.  5.261(d) should use 
the words ``acute and transitory'' instead of simply using ``acute''. 
The commenter states that the ``acute and transitory'' language is 
``consistent with long-standing VA parlance regarding how it 
adjudicates claims based on chronic conditions.'' Although VA has 
previously used the term ``acute and transitory'' in decisions, it is 
not consistent with current VA terminology used in adjudicating claims 
based on chronic conditions. The word ``transitory'' is not found in 
any regulation in either part 3 or part 4 of title 38 CFR. Nor is it 
found in ``Dorland's Illustrated Med. Dictionary'' (31st ed. 2007). 
Moreover, ``acute'' and ``transitory'' both suggest brief duration, so 
that ``transitory'' does not add to the meaning of the rule. For these 
reasons, we propose to make no changes based on this comment.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.261(d) is based on Sec.  3.307(b) and 
contains an exclusive list of the diseases VA considers chronic for 
purpose of presumptive service connection. One commenter stated that 
this section would ``authorize adjudicators to determine that a chronic 
disease which has manifested to a compensable degree and which is under 
consideration for service connection is not chronic.'' The commenter 
stated that VA has no lawful authority to make an independent factual 
determination contrary to the command of 38 U.S.C. 1101(3), which lists 
chronic diseases for purposes of disability compensation.
    However, 38 U.S.C. 1101(3) only defines what are considered to be 
chronic diseases; it does not contain any requirement that service 
connection be granted for the listed diseases. The requirement to grant 
presumptive service connection for chronic diseases is found in 38 
U.S.C. 1112(a), which states that a chronic disease will be considered 
to have been incurred in or aggravated by such service. The authority 
to rebut a presumption of service connection is found at 38 U.S.C. 
1113(a), which states that ``where there is affirmative evidence to the 
contrary, or evidence to establish that intercurrent injury or disease 
. . . has been suffered . . . service-connection . . . will not be in 
order.'' The wording in initially proposed Sec.  5.261(c) is a 
restatement of the previous wording used in Sec.  3.307(b), which 
states, ``Unless the clinical picture is clear otherwise, consideration 
will be given as to whether an acute condition is an exacerbation of a 
chronic disease.'' As initially proposed, Sec.  5.261(d) restated this 
principle as, ``Unless the clinical picture clearly shows the condition 
was only acute, VA will consider whether an acute condition was an 
exacerbation of a chronic disease.'' Based on the comment, we 
understand that the proposed rule could be misunderstood to authorize 
VA to treat a chronic condition as if it were acute. Neither the 
statute nor the current regulation authorize such treatment, and we did 
not propose to create such authorization in Sec.  5.261(d). Hence, we 
propose to revise the sentence so that it more closely follows the 
language of the current regulation.
    We received four comments stating that our proposed rule regarding 
the presumption of service connection for aggravation of certain 
chronic diseases and diseases associated with exposure to certain 
herbicide agents in proposed Sec. Sec.  5.261(d) and 5.262(e) is 
contrary to the holding of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal 
Circuit in Splane v. West, 216 F.3d 1058 (Fed. Cir. 2000), and 
otherwise not in accordance with 38 U.S.C. 1112(a) and 1116(a). The 
comments asserted that the statutes do not limit the degree to which a 
pre-existing condition must be disabling prior to entry in order for 
the presumption of aggravation to apply; that the statute does not 
provide that a disease must ``first'' become manifest during the 
presumptive period; and that 38 U.S.C. 1112(a) and 1116(a) should be 
interpreted to provide a presumption of aggravation of the listed 
diseases if the degree of disability increases by any degree during the 
applicable presumptive period (for example, from 20 percent disabling 
to 30 percent disabling).
    Additionally, a commenter suggested that the treatment of 
preexisting conditions under 38 U.S.C. 1112(a) and 1116(a) conflicts 
with the treatment of preexisting conditions under 38 U.S.C. 1153, the 
general presumption of aggravation. Commenters asserted that VA could 
not arbitrarily apply different rules to veterans who had preexisting 
disabilities that were aggravated by service than to veterans who had 
no preexisting disabilities. One commenter suggested that the only 
difference is the ``formality'' that the underlying pathology had its 
inception prior to service rather than during service.
    By way of background, 38 U.S.C. 1153 provides a presumption that 
``[a] preexisting injury or disease will be considered to have been 
aggravated by active military . . . service, where there is an increase 
in disability during such service.'' The presumptions at issue in 
proposed Sec. Sec.  5.261 and 5.262, however, are based on 38 U.S.C. 
1112(a) and 1116(a), which provide a presumption for conditions that 
manifest to a degree of disability of 10 percent or more during a 
specified period of time after service.
    In the Splane case, the Federal Circuit examined whether the post-
service presumptive period in 38 U.S.C. 1112(a) could cover a 
preexisting condition. The Federal Circuit held that the words ``or 
aggravated by'' in paragraph (a) required application of the 
presumption of aggravation of a chronic disease to a veteran whose 
chronic disease existed but was not compensable prior to service, 
regardless of VA's ``not altogether unpersuasive'' argument that those 
words were a vestige of an earlier provision that was long ago rendered 
obsolete. Splane, 216 F.3d at 1069. The court found it ``unreasonable 
to assume

[[Page 71108]]

that Congress did not anticipate the possibility that a veteran, who 
had nonsymptomatic M[ultiple] S[clerosis] before service, might be 
exposed to such aggravating conditions during service that he would 
become disabled to a compensable degree after service.'' Id.
    Our proposed part 5 regulations specifically accounted for this 
possibility by presuming that a chronic disease or a disease associated 
with herbicide exposure is presumed to have been aggravated during 
service if the disease manifests to a compensable degree within the 
applicable presumptive period. Proposed Sec.  5.261(d) stated that VA 
cannot presume service connection when the evidence shows that the 
disease existed prior to military service to a degree of 10 percent or 
more disabling.
    Section 5.262(e) used nearly identical language. We explained our 
rationale in the NPRM, as follows:

    The Federal Circuit held that the words ``or aggravated by'' 
indicate that Congress meant section 1112(a) to apply to those 
situations where multiple sclerosis predated entry into the service 
and became disabling to a compensable degree within the presumptive 
period following service. The ``or aggravated by'' language also 
appears in 38 U.S.C. 1116(a)(1)(B), which provides the authority for 
the presumptions based on herbicide exposure. Therefore, we propose 
to add language to clarify that presumptions may apply to a listed 
disease that preexisted service but first became manifest to a 
degree of 10 percent or more within the presumptive period following 
service.


69 FR 44620, July 27, 2004.
    Limiting Sec. Sec.  5.261 and 5.262 presumptions to situations 
where the condition was not manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more 
disabling before service is not arbitrary, unfair, or beyond VA's 
statutory authority. Under 38 U.S.C. 1112(a)(1), VA must presume 
service connected ``a chronic disease becoming manifest to a degree of 
10 percent or more disabling within one year from the date of 
separation from . . . service,'' and 38 U.S.C. 1116(a) similarly 
creates a presumption based on manifestation of a disease to a degree 
of 10 percent or more disabling within the presumptive period. Use of a 
10 percent threshold would not make sense if a preexisting disease 
manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling prior to service 
could trigger the presumption because the disease would already have 
reached the threshold before service. If Congress had intended to also 
presume aggravation for a veteran who already had a disease manifest to 
a compensable degree prior to service, the law could have been written 
to presume service connection for a disease that ``worsens by 10 
percent or more,'' rather than one that ``becom[es] manifest'' to such 
a degree. Finally, we note that most of the diseases that are 
considered chronic are diseases that, had they been symptomatic prior 
to service, would have likely rendered the person ineligible for 
service. In fact, several of the conditions are so disabling that their 
symptoms cannot even be rated as merely 10 percent disabling. For 
example, the first signs of multiple sclerosis are rated at 30 percent 
under 38 CFR 4.124a, Diagnostic Code 8018. It is unlikely that VA will 
receive claims from persons who were compensably disabled before 
service, and our experience has not shown this to be a problem under 
the current regulations.
    Lastly, we note that the Splane court did not address the type of 
case described by the commenters: where a disability was already 
manifest to a degree of disability of 10 percent or more prior to 
service. The commenters urge VA to adopt an interpretation of 38 U.S.C. 
1112 far beyond that which the Splane court provided. For the reasons 
stated above, we propose to make no changes based on these comments.
    One commenter also had a comment related to the following sentence 
in the NPRM:

    We note that if the condition preexisted service to a degree of 
10 percent, for example, and after service the condition was 20 
percent disabling, the veteran may be able to establish service 
connection using the presumption of aggravation in 38 U.S.C. 1153.


69 FR 44620, July 27, 2004.


    The commenter noted that 38 U.S.C. 1153 only applies to increases 
in disability during service. Therefore, this statement would not be 
correct with respect to increases in disability within the presumptive 
period. The commenter is correct that 38 U.S.C. 1153 only applies to 
aggravation during service. We clarify this statement by noting that 
when we said ``after service'', we meant immediately after service.
    The commenter stated that in some cases, VA would presume that a 
disease in a state of remission or inactivity was disabling to a degree 
of 10 percent at entry, while a draft rule for service connection 
indicates that VA would deny service connection for lack of current 
disability if a disease was in remission. The commenter objects to this 
dual standard for cases when diseases are in remission.
    We propose to make no changes based on this comment. The provision 
the commenter discussed from the draft rule for service connection does 
not address this situation since that concerns direct service 
connection and not establishment of service connection through the use 
of the presumptions. Additionally, if there is no current disability, 
service connection cannot be established. Also, Congress in 38 U.S.C. 
1112, mandated that the disease must manifest to a degree of 10 percent 
or more disabling before VA may presume service connection. A disease 
that is in remission and is not manifest to a degree of 10 percent or 
more disabling may not be service connected under the presumptions of 
service connection provisions.

Sec.  5.262 Presumption of Service Connection for Diseases Associated 
With Exposure to Certain Herbicide Agents

    In our initially proposed regulations on presumptions of service 
connection, we changed the wording found in Sec. Sec.  3.307(a) and 
3.317(c)(3), ``. . . [certain diseases] will be considered to have been 
incurred in or aggravated by service . . .'' to ``VA will presume 
service connection [for certain diseases] . . .'' We proposed this 
language in several part 5 regulations: Sec. Sec.  5.262(a)(2), 
5.264(b) and (c), 5.265(a) and (d), 5.267(a), and 5.268(b). This 
attempt to use simpler language resulted in a technical error because 
under its authorizing statutes, VA service connects disability or 
death, not injury or disease per se. We therefore propose to correct 
these sections to reflect that the diseases listed will be considered 
to have been incurred in or aggravated by service.
    We received four comments regarding the proposed definition of 
``Service in the Republic of Vietnam'' in Sec.  5.262(a)(1) for 
purposes of the presumption of service connection for diseases 
associated with exposure to certain herbicide agents. As proposed, 
Sec.  5.262(a)(1) stated:

    For purposes of this section, ``Service in the Republic of 
Vietnam'' does not include active military service in the waters 
offshore and service in other locations, but does include any such 
service in which the veteran had duty in or visited in the Republic 
of Vietnam, which includes service on the inland waterways.


69 FR 44626, July 27, 2004.
    Three commenters objected to the exclusion of service in the waters 
offshore Vietnam in the definition of ``Service in the Republic of 
Vietnam'' for purposes of Sec.  5.262. One commenter stated that when 
Congress refers to a country by its name in a statute, it is referring 
to the entire country, including the entire area over which a country 
has

[[Page 71109]]

sovereignty. This would, under the 1982 United Nations Convention on 
the Law of the Sea, 21 I.L.M. 1261, include the territorial sea which 
extends up to twelve miles beyond the land territory of Vietnam. All 
three commenters support this proposition with an example of the 
service required to receive the Vietnam Service Medal. Executive Order 
11231, July 8, 1965, provides that the ``Vietnam Service Medal shall be 
awarded to members of the armed forces who serve in Vietnam or 
contiguous waters or air space''. The commenters believe that the 
definition of ``Service in the Republic of Vietnam'' provided in Sec.  
5.262(a)(1) is contrary to the ordinary and common meaning of the 
phrase. Therefore, the commenters believe there is no reason to believe 
that Congress intended to exclude the territorial sea when it drafted 
38 U.S.C. 1116.
    We propose to make no changes based on these comments. These 
comments are adequately addressed by Haas v. Peake, 425 F.3d 1168 (Fed. 
Cir. 2008); the notice proposing to rescind, and the notice actually 
rescinding, the VA manual provision cited in Haas, 72 FR 66218, Nov. 
27, 2007 and 73 FR 20363-65, Apr. 15, 2008; and the proposed revision 
to 38 CFR 3.307(a)(6)(iii), 73 FR 20566-71, Apr. 16, 2008 (withdrawn by 
74 FR 48689, Sept. 24, 2009). We incorporate by reference the 
rationales set forth therein, and do not reiterate them here.
    However, we do propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  
5.262(a)(1) so that it more clearly conveys the requirement that the 
veteran have served ``on land, or on an inland waterway, in the 
Republic of Vietnam.''
    On May 7, 2009, VA published Final Rule RIN 2900-AN01, 
``Presumptive Service Connection for Disease Associated With Exposure 
to Certain Herbicide Agents: AL Amyloidosis'', which stated the 
Secretary's determination of ``a positive association between exposure 
to herbicide agents and the occurrence of AL amyloidosis'' and added 
that disease to 38 CFR 3.309(e). 74 FR 21258. Therefore, we now propose 
to include AL amyloidosis in Sec.  5.262(e) in accordance with the 
Secretary's finding.
    On August 31, 2010, VA published RIN 2900-AN54, ``Diseases 
Associated With Exposure to Certain Herbicide Agents (Hairy Cell 
Leukemia and Other Chronic B-Cell Leukemias, Parkinson's Disease and 
Ischemic Heart Disease)'' which stated the Secretary's determination of 
``a positive association between exposure to herbicide agents and the 
occurrence of those diseases'' and added those diseases to 38 CFR 
3.309(e). 75 FR 53202. Therefore, we now propose to include them in 
Sec.  5.262(e) in accordance with the Secretary's finding.
    We propose to change the term ``acute and subacute peripheral 
neuropathy'' in Sec.  5.262 and instead use the term ``early-onset 
peripheral neuropathy''. Additionally, we have removed note \1\ which 
provided that peripheral neuropathy must resolve within 2 years of 
onset. This conforms to changes made in part 3. 78 FR 54763, Sept. 6, 
2013.

Sec.  5.263 Presumption of Service Connection for Non-Hodgkin's 
Lymphoma Based on Service in Vietnam

    One commenter believed that proposed Sec.  5.263, which was based 
on Sec.  3.313 with minor changes, was unnecessary. Proposed Sec.  
5.263 provides for presumptive service connection for non-Hodgkin's 
lymphoma based on service in Vietnam. The commenter asserted that 
anyone eligible for presumptive service connection under Sec.  5.263 
would also be eligible for presumptive service connection under Sec.  
5.262 and it is therefore unnecessary to have Sec.  5.263.
    We propose to make no changes based on this comment. We agree with 
the commenter that many of the veterans entitled to presumptive service 
connection under Sec.  5.263 may also be entitled to presumptive 
service connection under Sec.  5.262. However, there are differences 
between Sec. Sec.  5.262 and 5.263 that require two separate rules. 
Therefore, we propose to retain Sec.  5.263 in our final rule. One 
difference is in the definition of what constitutes ``service in 
Vietnam''. See VA General Counsel's Opinion, VAOPGCPREC 27-97, 62 FR 
63604 (Dec. 1, 1997). Specifically, the definition of ``service in 
Vietnam'' in Sec.  5.263 includes service in the waters offshore 
Vietnam, whereas the definition in Sec.  5.262 specifically excludes 
such service from the definition of ``service in the Republic of 
Vietnam''. Another difference is that Sec.  5.262 provides for 
determining presumptive exposure to herbicides due to service in the 
Republic of Vietnam while Sec.  5.263 provides for service connection 
for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without regard to possible exposure to 
herbicides in the Republic of Vietnam.

Sec.  5.264 Diseases VA Presumes Are Service Connected in a Former 
Prisoner of War

    On June 30, 2006, VA published in the Federal Register an addition 
to Sec.  5.264, ``Diseases VA presumes are service connected in former 
prisoners of war'', adding atherosclerotic heart disease or 
hypertensive vascular disease (including hypertensive heart disease) 
and their complications (including myocardial infarction, congestive 
heart failure, and arrhythmia) and stroke and its complications to the 
diseases VA presumes are service connected in former prisoners of war. 
71 FR 37793, June 30, 2006. No comments were received concerning this 
addition. Proposed Sec.  5.264 is revised from the version published in 
the NPRM, by adding these conditions to the list of diseases. 69 FR 
44614, July 27, 2004.
    Section 106 of Public Law 110-389, 122 Stat. 4145, 4149 (2008), 
amended 38 U.S.C. 1112(b)(2) by adding a new subparagraph (F) that 
creates a presumption of service connection for osteoporosis that 
becomes manifest to a degree of 10 percent for prisoners of war (POWs) 
if the Secretary determines that the veteran has posttraumatic stress 
disorder (PTSD). On August 28, 2009, VA published an amendment in the 
Federal Register to Sec.  3.309(c), applying Public Law 110-389. 74 FR 
44288. This amendment also implements a decision by the Secretary to 
establish a presumption of service connection for osteoporosis that 
becomes manifest to a degree of 10 percent for POWs if the veteran was 
interned for more than 30 days. This presumption is based on scientific 
studies. These changes have been incorporated into proposed Sec.  
5.264(b) and (c).

Sec.  5.265 Tropical Diseases VA Presumes Are Service Connected

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.265(d), we stated, ``For any disease 
service connected under this section, VA will also service connect the 
resultant disorders or diseases originating because of therapy 
administered in connection with such a disease or as a preventative 
measure against such a disease.'' We have determined that this sentence 
is redundant of the basic rule on secondary service connection 
contained in Sec.  5.246, ``Secondary service connection--disabilities 
that are due to or the result of service-connected injury or disease.'' 
Therefore, we propose to remove this sentence from Sec.  5.265(d).
    One commenter suggested a minor clarifying change to Sec.  
5.265(e). The commenter suggested revising the sentence stating that 
``Residence during the applicable presumptive period where the 
particular disease is endemic may also be considered evidence to rebut 
the presumption'', to refer to ``post-service'' residence. The 
commenter recognized that this addition would be redundant (because the 
presumptive period is post-service), but

[[Page 71110]]

opined that it would nevertheless make the rule clearer for the average 
lay person. We agree that, while redundant, this minor change could be 
beneficial to readers. Therefore, we propose to change Sec.  5.265(e) 
to refer to ``[p]ost-service residence''.
    One commenter objected to the requirement in Sec.  5.265(f) that 
would require a tropical disease to manifest to a degree of 10 percent 
or more disabling within the presumptive period in order for the 
disease to be presumptively service connected. The commenter noted that 
the statutory authorization for this presumption, 38 U.S.C. 1133, 
provides no minimum degree of manifestation for the presumption of 
service connection to apply for veterans with peacetime service before 
January 1, 1947. The commenter is correct. We propose to revise Sec.  
5.265(f) so that it no longer contains the 10 percent requirement.
    Moreover, we discovered that we mistakenly used the term 
``existed'', rather than ``manifested'', in initially proposed Sec.  
5.265(f). This language was taken from 38 CFR 3.308(b), but it does not 
appear in any other presumption regulation in part 5. Therefore, in 
order to ensure consistency with the other presumption regulations in 
part 5, we propose to replace ``existed'' with ``manifested''.
    We also propose to change the term ``accepted medical treatises'' 
to ``accepted medical literature'' throughout this section because 
``treatise'' is a specific type of scholarly literature, specifically 
``a systematic exposition or argument in writing including methodical 
discussion of the facts and principles involved and conclusions 
reached.'' ``Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary'' 1258 (10th ed. 
1998). ``Accepted medical literature'' is a broader class of 
literature, sufficiently authoritative and more accessible to claimants 
than are ``treatises''. We propose to make the same change in Sec.  
5.266, Disability compensation for certain qualifying chronic 
disabilities.

Sec.  5.266 Disability Compensation for Certain Qualifying Chronic 
Disabilities

    We propose to reorganize and make technical corrections to 
initially proposed Sec.  5.266. We would reorganize this section as 
follows. Initially proposed paragraph (a) stated that VA will 
compensate veterans for a qualifying chronic disability and defined 
that term. Initially proposed paragraphs (b) and (c) defined 
undiagnosed illness and medically unexplained chronic multisymptom 
illness, respectively. Paragraph (f) would contain the general 
definitions that apply to all types of qualifying chronic disabilities.
    We propose to move initially proposed paragraph (a)(1)(ii), which 
stated, ``By history, physical examination, and laboratory tests cannot 
be attributed to any known clinical diagnosis.'' This paragraph would 
apply only to undiagnosed illnesses, not to other qualifying chronic 
disabilities, so we propose to move it into new paragraph (b), which 
would describe undiagnosed illnesses.
    For purposes of accuracy, we propose to change the title of the 
regulation from ``Compensation for certain disabilities due to 
undiagnosed illnesses'' to ``Disability compensation for certain 
qualifying chronic disabilities''.
    Since publication of the AL70 NPRM, VA published a Final Rule VA 
that made technical revisions to 38 CFR 3.317 to clarify that 
adjudicators have the authority to determine whether diseases in 
addition to the three listed in 38 U.S.C. 1117 qualify as medically 
unexplained chronic multisymptom illnesses in addition to the three 
that are listed in 38 U.S.C. 1117. 75 FR 61995, Oct. 7, 2010. VA 
subsequently published a final rule that replaced ``irritable bowel 
syndrome'' with ``functional gastrointestinal disorders''. 76 FR 41696, 
Jul. 15, 2011. We propose to incorporate these regulatory amendments 
into Sec.  5.266.
    Current 38 CFR 3.317(c) describes situations in which the 
presumptions in that section will be considered rebutted. We note that 
Sec.  3.307(d) (the basis for initially proposed Sec.  5.260(c)) 
already contains this same rebuttal information as it applies to the 
various presumptions listed in Sec.  3.309, but not to Sec.  3.317. We 
now propose to expand the scope of Sec.  5.260(c) to include Sec.  
5.266 and 5.271. To avoid duplication, we propose to exclude the 
duplicate provisions from Sec.  5.266 and 5.271.

Sec.  5.267 Presumption of Service Connection for Conditions Associated 
With Full-Body Exposure to Nitrogen Mustard, Sulfur Mustard, or 
Lewisite

    One commenter asserted that the proposed rule would have changed 
the current rule, Sec.  3.316, which the commenter said requires direct 
service connection for exposure to mustard gas and Lewisite, to a rule 
that would establish presumptive service connection based on such 
exposure. The commenter questioned whether VA has the authority to 
create a new class of presumptive conditions. The commenter stated that 
the wording of proposed Sec.  5.267(a) should be amended to provide for 
direct service connection, rather than presumptive service connection.
    The commenter is incorrect that VA grants direct service connection 
under Sec.  3.316. Although the regulation text does not explicitly 
state so, Sec.  3.316 grants presumptive service connection and not 
direct service connection. The regulation presumes a medical nexus 
between full-body exposure to mustard gas or Lewisite and the listed 
diseases, thereby establishing a presumption as described in Sec.  
5.260(a).
    We also note that our authority to create presumptions is 
explicitly set forth in 38 U.S.C. 501(a)(1), under which the Secretary 
may prescribe ``regulations with respect to the nature and extent of 
proof and evidence . . . in order to establish the right to benefits''. 
As we noted in the preamble to the NPRM, the Secretary exercised this 
authority when he first promulgated Sec.  3.316. 69 FR 44614, July 27, 
2004.
    We propose to revise the sentence preceding the table in Sec.  
5.267(b) so it is a complete sentence instead of a phrase and so it is 
consistent with other table introductions used in this regulation. We 
also propose to change ``condition'' in paragraph (a)(2) to ``injury or 
disease'' to be consistent with paragraph (b). In the table, we propose 
to change ``disease or disability'' to ``injury or disease'' for the 
same reason.

Sec.  5.268 Presumption of Service Connection for Diseases Associated 
With Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.268 we inadvertently failed to 
include the provisions of current 38 CFR 3.309(d)(3)(ii)(E). We propose 
to correct this omission by inserting Sec.  5.268(c)(6), which is 
virtually identical to current Sec.  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(E).

Sec.  5.269 Direct Service Connection for Diseases Associated With 
Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

    In reviewing the comment received regarding this section, we have 
determined that both 38 CFR 3.311 and initially proposed Sec.  5.269 
use several different terms interchangeably or inconsistently. For 
example they refer to dose estimates as ``dose assessments,'' ``dose 
information,'' and ``dose data''. We propose to remedy this problem by 
using the phrase ``dose assessment'' throughout Sec.  5.269.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.269(c)(3), we stated, ``Neither the 
veteran nor the veteran's survivors may be required to produce evidence 
substantiating exposure if the information in the veteran's service 
records or other records maintained by the Department of Defense is 
consistent with the claim

[[Page 71111]]

that the veteran was present where and when the claimed exposure 
occurred.'' Current Sec.  3.311(a)(4) actually limits the scope of this 
provision to only ``cases described in paragraph (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of 
this section'' (those involving atmospheric nuclear weapons test 
participation and Hiroshima and Nagasaki occupation). We inadvertently 
omitted this scope limitation in the initially proposed rule and we not 
propose to insert it in Sec.  5.269(c)(3).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.269(b), we omitted, without 
explanation, a number of cancers listed in current 38 CFR 3.311(b)(2): 
thyroid cancer; breast cancer; lung cancer; liver cancer; skin cancer; 
esophageal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; pancreatic cancer; 
kidney cancer; urinary bladder cancer; salivary gland cancer; multiple 
myeloma; ovarian cancer; cancer of the rectum; and prostate cancer. We 
omitted these because they are subsumed within the meaning of the 
phrase, ``Cancer (any other not listed)'' in initially proposed 
paragraph (b)(2) (based on the phrase, ``Any other cancer'' in current 
Sec.  3.311(b)(2)(xxiv)). We provide this explanation now, to assure 
the public that the fact that these cancers are not specifically 
referenced in the part 5 rule does not represent VA's intent to alter 
the applicability of the presumption that the diseases in some cases 
were caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.
    In initially proposed paragraph (c)(5)(iii) (now redesignated as 
(d)(2)(iii)) we referred to an estimated dose of ``zero rem gamma''. 
The word ``gamma'' is not in Sec.  3.311 and we propose to remove it 
because it would improperly narrow the scope of this paragraph.
    In initially proposed paragraph (d)(1) (now redesignated as 
paragraph (c)(1)(iii)), we stated, ``If neither the Department of 
Defense nor any other source provides VA with records adequate to 
permit the Under Secretary to prepare a dose estimate, then VA will ask 
the Department of Defense to provide a dose estimate.'' We stated in 
the preamble that this provision would reflect the fact that it is 
impossible to estimate the likelihood that ionizing radiation exposure 
caused a claimed condition in the absence of a numerical ionizing 
radiation dose estimate and that VA would be unable to prepare a dose 
estimate if it has not received any records on which to base such an 
estimate.
    Upon review of this provision, we have determined that it does not 
accurately reflect VA's procedures in such cases. Moreover, it would be 
impracticable to request dose assessments from the Department of 
Defense (DoD) in these cases. This is because if DoD lacked records 
adequate to permit the Under Secretary for Health to prepare a dose 
assessment, then presumably DoD would likewise be unable to do so. For 
this reason, we propose to remove this provision.
    In initially proposed paragraph (f), now redesignated as paragraph 
(g), we stated, ``With regard to any issue material to consideration of 
a claim, the provisions of Sec.  3.102 of this title apply (any 
reasonable doubt on any issue will be resolved in favor of the 
claimant).'' In proposed Sec.  5.3, we state, ``When the evidence is in 
equipoise regarding a particular fact or issue, VA will give the 
benefit of the doubt to the claimant and the fact or issue will be 
resolved in the claimant's favor.'' Since this provision applies to all 
VA claims, there is no need to repeat it in this paragraph and so we 
propose to remove it.
    We received one comment stating that part of initially proposed 
Sec.  5.269(g), now redesignated as paragraph (h), is unnecessary. The 
commenter believes that there is no danger of service connection being 
established for a disease due to radiation exposure if the disease is 
due to the abuse of alcohol or drugs. The commenter believes that since 
Sec.  5.269 requires competent evidence and a decision by the Under 
Secretary of Benefits that it is at least as likely as not that the 
veteran's disease resulted from ionizing radiation in service, a 
disease due to the abuse of alcohol or drugs could not possibly be 
service connected under Sec.  5.269.
    We agree that the language regarding abuse of alcohol or drugs is 
unnecessary in Sec.  5.269(h) and propose to remove it. Section 5.662, 
``Alcohol and drug abuse'', already bars an award of service connection 
for disabilities resulting from such abuse. For the same reason, we 
propose to remove such language from Sec.  5.266(c)(3).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.269(g), now redesignated as paragraph 
(h), we referred to ``a supervening, nonservice-related condition or 
event [that] is more likely the cause of the disease'' but failed to 
say more likely than what. We propose to clarify this by adding ``than 
was exposure to ionizing radiation in service'' so that the sentence 
will read: ``In no case will service connection be established if 
evidence establishes that a supervening condition or event unrelated to 
service is more likely the cause of the disease than was exposure to 
ionizing radiation in service.''
    In addition to the changes described above, we also propose to make 
minor changes in format and wording for clarity and readability.

Sec.  5.270 Presumption of Service Connection for Amyotrophic Lateral 
Sclerosis

    Since publication of the AL70 NPRM, VA published a Final Rule 
creating a presumption of service connection for amyotrophic lateral 
sclerosis, which was codified as 38 CFR 3.318. 73 FR 54693, Sept. 23, 
2008. We propose to add the text of Sec.  3.318 as new Sec.  5.270, 
with one revision: rather than restate the rebuttal standards already 
contained in Sec.  5.260(c), we simply referenced that paragraph.

Sec.  5.271 Presumption of Service Connection for Infectious Diseases

    Since publication of the AL70 NPRM, VA published a final rule 
creating presumptions of service connection for nine infectious 
diseases, which was codified as 38 CFR 3.317.75 FR 59968, Sept. 29, 
2010. Infectious diseases are not actually within the definition of 
``qualifying chronic disability,'' which is the purported subject of 
the regulation. Removing those provisions to a separate section will 
make the rules easier to comprehend and follow. We propose to 
incorporate these regulatory amendments into Sec.  5.271.

Omission of Sec.  3.379, Anterior Poliomyelitis, From Part 5

    We received two comments relating to the initial proposal in the 
NPRM not to repeat Sec.  3.379 in part 5. This section concerned 
service connection of the disease anterior poliomyelitis. One commenter 
agreed with the proposal. Another commenter disagreed with both the 
proposal and VA's rationale for removing it.
    We proposed not to include Sec.  3.379 because it is unnecessary in 
light of the operation of proposed Sec.  5.261 regarding the 
presumption of service connection for chronic diseases. 69 FR 44623, 
July 27, 2004. Congress specified myelitis as a chronic disease under 
38 U.S.C. 1101(3), and anterior poliomyelitis is a subcategory of 
myelitis. The general rules of presumptive service connection for 
chronic diseases under Sec.  5.261 would apply to anterior 
poliomyelitis and any veteran who would be service connected under 
Sec.  3.379 would also be service connected under Sec.  5.261. 
Therefore, we concluded that Sec.  3.379 was unnecessary and we 
proposed not to include it in part 5. We propose to make no changes 
based on these comments.
    One commenter stated that it is not proper to apply the general 
presumption of service connection to poliomyelitis without taking into 
account the known medical facts, specifically, that

[[Page 71112]]

poliomyelitis is a disease for which the exact cause and date of onset 
can be ascertained.
    The commenter also detailed the three possible outcomes of a 
poliomyelitis infection. First, there is nonparalytic poliomyelitis, 
which is an acute illness, which resolves with no chronic or 
permanently disabling residuals. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis may 
properly be denied service connection on that basis. Second, there is 
paralytic poliomyelitis. The commenter notes that the date of the 
antecedent illness for paralytic poliomyelitis is crucial. If it occurs 
no later than 35 days after separation from service, it must have 
occurred in service, but if it occurs more than 35 days after 
separation from service, it must have occurred after service (therefore 
rebutting the presumption of service connection). Finally, there is 
paralytic poliomyelitis without apparent antecedent illness. In this 
case, it is a matter for medical determination and opinion as to the 
most probable date of exposure. If the medical evidence is 
inconclusive, then the presumption of service connection for myelitis 
should apply.
    We propose to make no changes based on this comment. The general 
rule for presumption of service connection for chronic diseases in 
Sec.  5.261 would provide accurate results for all the situations the 
commenter described, including rebuttal by medical evidence of the type 
the commenter described.
    First, regarding nonparalytic poliomyelitis, because this disease 
cannot possibly be 10 percent or more disabling, the presumption of 
service connection under Sec.  5.261 cannot apply in these cases.
    Second, regarding paralytic poliomyelitis, direct service 
connection may be established in the majority of cases based on medical 
knowledge that the illness occurs no later than 35 days after exposure. 
Where direct service connection is denied based on the fact that the 
illness occurred more than 35 days after separation from service, the 
presumption of Sec.  5.261 will be considered. However, the presumption 
of service connection will be rebutted under the provisions of Sec.  
5.260(c)(1)(iii) because there will be a preponderance of evidence 
(based on fact-based medical evidence and the date symptoms first 
occurred) establishing that the disease was not incurred in service.
    Finally, with respect to paralytic poliomyelitis without apparent 
antecedent illness as described by the commenter, where direct service 
connection is not in order, VA will consider the presumption of service 
connection for myelitis as a chronic disease. However, the Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention reports that all forms of poliomyelitis 
have an incubation period of 3 to 35 days, so a fact-based medical 
opinion would be needed to establish the approximate date of onset. 
Poliomyelitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 232, 
Poliomyelitis, http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/polio.pdf, last viewed Sept. 15, 2009.

Technical Corrections

    One commenter noted that in one part of the NPRM preamble, we 
``reserved'' Sec.  5.263, but elsewhere in the NPRM we proposed to 
repeat Sec.  3.313 as Sec.  5.263. The commenter felt that this was 
confusing. This was an error that we now propose to correct. We propose 
to create a new Sec.  5.263 that has the same wording as Sec.  3.313, 
except for the changes discussed in the preamble of the NPRM. We have 
corrected this in this proposed rule.

C. Rating Service-Connected Disabilities

Sec.  5.280 General Rating Principles

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.280(b)(1), based on 38 CFR 3.321, stated 
that for extra-schedular ratings in unusual cases that to accord 
justice to the exceptional case where the Veterans Service Center (VSC) 
finds the schedular ratings to be inadequate, the Under Secretary for 
Benefits or the Director of the Compensation and Pension Service, upon 
VSC submission, is authorized to approve an extraschedular rating 
commensurate with the average impairment of earning capacity due 
exclusively to the service-connected disability or disabilities. 
Paragraph (b)(1) also stated that the governing norm in these 
exceptional cases is a finding that the application of the regular 
schedular standards is impractical because the case presents an 
exceptional or unusual disability picture with such related factors as 
marked interference with employment, or frequent periods of 
hospitalization.
    One commenter suggested that to avoid injustice in a case where the 
VSC improperly fails to find that the schedular rating is inadequate, 
VA should revise Sec.  5.280(b)(1) to read:

    To accord justice to the exceptional case, the Under Secretary 
for Benefits or the Director of the Compensation and Pension 
Service, is authorized to approve on the basis of the criteria set 
forth in this paragraph, an extra-schedular rating commensurate with 
the average impairment of earning capacity due exclusively to the 
service-connected disability or disabilities.

    The commenter asserted that this suggested language is consistent 
with Colayong v. West, 12 Vet. App. 524, 536-37 (1999) and Young v. 
Shinseki, 22 Vet. App. 461, 470 (2009), which state that whether or not 
the VSC has, in the first instance, found the schedular rating to be 
inadequate, if it is inadequate it must be referred for an extra-
schedular rating.
    We note that the language of initially proposed 5.280(b)(1) was not 
substantively different from current Sec.  3.321(b)(1), the regulation 
which was the basis for the courts' rulings in Colayong and Young. 
Those cases left undisturbed the requirement in Sec.  3.321(b)(1) that 
extra-schedular review may be undertaken by the Under Secretary for 
Benefits or the Director, Compensation and Pension Service, only ``upon 
field station submission''. Rather, those cases held that the Board of 
Veterans' Appeals (Board) must adjudicate the issue of entitlement to 
an extraschedular evaluation, if the issue is raised by the evidence of 
record or by the appellant.
    We do not believe it is necessary to incorporate this line of cases 
into part 5. Since the Colayong case was decided in 1999, the Board has 
been under the duty set out by the court and the Board's Veterans Law 
Judges are now well aware of this duty. Moreover, it would be outside 
the scope of part 5 to impose a duty on the Board via a part 5 
regulation. We therefore propose to make no change based on this 
comment.
    In reviewing proposed Sec.  5.280 to respond to this comment, we 
have noted that it contains language (substantively the same as Sec.  
3.321(b)) that might confuse a reader. Specifically, proposed Sec.  
5.280(b)(1) stated, ``To accord justice to the exceptional case where 
the [VA] finds the schedular ratings to be inadequate, the [VA] is 
authorized to approve on the basis of the criteria set forth in this 
paragraph (b) an extra-schedular rating commensurate with the average 
impairment of earning capacity due exclusively to the service-connected 
disability or disabilities.'' The use of the plural ``disabilities'' 
might be misconstrued as allowing VA to approve an extra-schedular 
rating based partly on a disability for which the schedular rating is 
inadequate and partly on a disability for which the schedular rating is 
adequate, or to suggest that under Sec.  5.280 VA must consider the 
combined effect of multiple disabilities in determining whether an 
extra-schedular award is appropriate.
    VA never intended that Sec.  3.321, nor initially proposed Sec.  
5.280, apply in either of those ways but rather that they be applied 
individually to each specific disability being evaluated. Therefore, we 
propose to use only the singular

[[Page 71113]]

form of ``disability'', and to replace the word ``case'' with 
``disability'' in the second sentence of Sec.  5.280(b)(1), to clarify 
this point. We also propose several other, non-substantive changes to 
improve readability of paragraph (b)(1).

Sec.  5.281 Multiple 0 Percent Service-Connected Disabilities

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.281 stated:

    VA may assign a 10 percent combined rating to a veteran with two 
or more permanent service-connected disabilities that are each rated 
as 0 percent disabling under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in 
part 4 of this chapter, if the combined effect of such disabilities 
interferes with normal employability. VA cannot assign this 10 
percent rating if the veteran has any other compensable rating.

    One commenter suggested that for clarity, the second word in this 
section should be changed from ``may'' to ``shall'' to emphasize the 
mandatory nature of assigning the combined rating. We agree with this 
suggestion but we use ``will'' instead of ``shall'' throughout part 5 
because the former is easier for the public to understand. We therefore 
propose to change ``may'' to ``will'' in Sec.  5.281.

Sec.  5.282 Special Consideration for Paired Organs and Extremities

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.282(c) stated that, ``If a veteran 
receives money or property of value in a judgment, settlement, or 
compromise from a cause of action for a qualifying nonservice-connected 
disability involving an organ or extremity described in paragraph (b) 
of this section, VA will offset the value of such judgment, settlement, 
or compromise against the increased disability compensation payable 
under this section.''
    One commenter suggested that because the VA Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities does not provide compensation for non-economic loss, such 
as pain and suffering and loss of enjoyment of life, initially proposed 
Sec.  5.282(c)(2) should calculate the offset of damages by first 
reducing the total amount recovered as damages by the amount received 
for pain and suffering and loss of enjoyment of life. The commenter 
also suggested that the amount paid for attorney fees and expenses for 
that recovery should be subtracted from the total amount recovered as 
damages.
    The relevant statute, 38 U.S.C. 1151 does not allow VA to reduce 
the offset for any reason. Moreover, the purpose of the Regulation 
Rewrite Project is to make VA's compensation and pension regulations 
more logical, claimant-focused, and user-friendly, not to serve as a 
vehicle for making major changes to VA policies. Thus, the comment is 
outside the scope of this rulemaking.

Sec.  5.283 Total and Permanent Total Ratings and Unemployability

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.283(b) stated that, ``VA will consider a 
total disability to be permanent when an impairment of mind or body, 
that makes it impossible for the average person to follow a 
substantially gainful occupation, is reasonably certain to continue 
throughout the life of the disabled person.''
    One commenter asserted that it is inconsistent for VA to provide 
that total disability is permanent only if it is reasonably certain to 
continue throughout the lifetime of the veteran when the Social 
Security Administration considers a total disability to be permanent if 
it is likely to continue for 1 year or lead to death. The commenter 
asserted that veterans should not have a higher threshold for 
permanency than Social Security Disability recipients.
    The purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make VA's 
compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-focused, 
and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major changes 
to VA policies. Thus, the comment is outside the scope of this 
rulemaking.

Sec.  5.300 Establishing Dependency of a Parent

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.300(b)(2)(ii), we stated, ``Net worth 
of a minor family member will be considered income of the parent only 
if it is actually available to the veteran's parent for the minor's 
support.'' This statement was erroneous and inconsistent with Sec.  
3.250(b)(2). In fact, a minor's net worth is not considered income. 
Rather it is considered as a separate matter from income. We therefore 
propose to revise paragraph (b)(2)(ii) to read, ``Net worth of a minor 
family member will be considered in determining dependency of a parent 
only if it is actually available to the veteran's parent for the 
minor's support.''
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.300 we also failed to address a 
minor's income. We therefore propose to add a new paragraph (b)(1)(iii) 
which states, ``Income of a minor family member from business or 
property will be considered income of the parent only if it is actually 
available to the veteran's parent for the minor's support.'' This is 
merely a plain language restatement of the Sec.  3.250(b)(2) provision 
quoted above.

5.304 Exclusions From Income--Parent's Dependency

    Following publication of proposed Sec.  5.304 in AM07, VA published 
a rulemaking to implement the ``Caregivers'' provisions of Public Law 
111-163. 76 FR 26148 (May 5, 2011). As we stated in the preamble, ``The 
stipend payments to Primary Family Caregivers under 38 U.S.C. 
1720G(a)(3)(A)(ii)(V) constitute `payments [of benefits] made to, or on 
account of, a beneficiary' that are exempt from taxation under 38 
U.S.C. 5301(a)(1). VA does not intend that the stipend replace career 
earnings.'' Consistent with that interpretation, we believe that this 
stipend should not be counted as income when determining parental 
dependency. We therefore propose to add this exclusion as Sec.  
5.304(l) and redesignate previous paragraph (l) as paragraph (m).

C. Special Ratings AL88

    In a document published in the Federal Register on October 17, 
2008, we proposed to revise Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) 
regulations governing special ratings, to be published in new 38 CFR 
part 5. 73 FR 62004. We provided a 60-day comment period, which ended 
December 16, 2008. We received a submission from one commenter.

Sec.  5.320 Determining Need for Regular Aid and Attendance

    Current 38 CFR 3.352(c) states, ``The performance of the necessary 
aid and attendance service by a relative of the beneficiary or other 
member of his or her household will not prevent the granting of the 
additional allowance.'' Initially proposed Sec.  5.320(a) inadvertently 
omitted this paragraph. We therefore propose to insert this provision, 
phrased in a clearer way, into Sec.  5.320(a).
    The commenter noted that initially proposed Sec.  5.320(b) differs 
from current Sec.  3.352(a), from which it derives. The current rule 
defines ``bedridden'' as ``that condition which, through its essential 
character, actually requires that the claimant remain in bed.'' The 
initially proposed rule defined bedridden as requiring that the 
claimant ``must remain in bed due to his or her disability or 
disabilities based on medical necessity and not based on a prescription 
of bed rest for purposes of convalescence or cure.'' The commenter 
asserted that the change of language ``may eliminate the possibility of 
using proof by lay testimony that remaining in bed is required.''
    The need for aid and assistance or confinement to bed may be shown 
by

[[Page 71114]]

medical treatment records, medical opinions, and competent non-medical 
evidence based on personal observations. However, the relationship 
between service-connected disability and need for aid and attendance or 
confinement to bed as a result of a service-connected disability must 
be shown by medical treatment records and medical opinions.
    VA will always accept and consider lay evidence, even if such 
evidence cannot be dispositive of a particular factual issue. The 
consideration of lay evidence in the context of a determination on 
whether a person is bedridden is no different that the consideration of 
lay evidence on the context of any other factual determination. 
Therefore, we propose not to include an instruction regarding lay 
evidence.
    However, the comment revealed that the initially proposed rule was 
unclear about the meaning of the term ``bedridden''. Current Sec.  
3.352(a) states, ``The fact that . . . a physician has prescribed rest 
in bed for the greater or lesser part of the day to promote 
convalescence or cure will not suffice'' to establish bedridden status. 
The gist of this qualification is to distinguish the need to stay in 
bed unremittingly from a need to be in bed intermittently. It is the 
intermittency that distinguishes being in bed ``for the greater or 
lesser part of the day'' from being bedridden, not that convalescence 
or cure is the reason. If a doctor forbids a person to leave bed 
because of the person's medical condition, the person would be 
bedridden, whether the prescribed confinement was for convalescence, 
cure, or other reason. We propose to revise Sec.  5.320(b) to preserve 
this point, consistent with Sec.  3.352(a), by stating that the person 
who is bedridden ``must remain in bed due to his or her disability or 
disabilities based on medical necessity and not based on a prescription 
of periods of intermittent bed rest.'' Because the reason for the 
prescribed confinement is irrelevant, we propose to remove the phrase 
``for purposes of convalescence or cure''.
    The initially proposed rule required that, ``The individual is 
temporarily or permanently bedridden. . . .'' A person who is 
permanently bedridden logically meets the requirement that he or she is 
temporarily bedridden. Because being either temporarily or permanently 
bedridden satisfies the requirement of Sec.  5.320(b), there is no need 
to qualify ``bedridden'' as either temporarily or permanently. We 
therefore propose to remove the phrase ``temporarily or permanently'' 
before ``bedridden''. However, a finding that a veteran is permanently 
bedridden is significant because such a veteran's special monthly 
compensation (SMC) will not be reduced based on hospitalization, as we 
explained in the preamble to the initially proposed rule. See 73 FR 
62011, Oct. 17, 2008; see also proposed Sec.  5.724, ``Payments and 
Adjustments to Payments'', 73 FR 65212, Oct. 31, 2008. The only statute 
that requires payment of SMC based on the ``permanently bedridden'' 
criterion is 38 U.S.C. 1114(l). Therefore, we have added a cross 
reference to Sec.  5.324, the regulation that implements section 
1114(l). This change will not affect entitlement, because even a person 
who is temporarily bedridden will qualify for SMC under section 1114(l) 
(because such a person needs regular aid and attendance). The change is 
intended to improve clarity in terms of the potential for a reduction 
based on hospitalization.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.320(b) omitted the sentence from current 
Sec.  3.352(a) that states, ``It is not required that all of the 
disabling conditions enumerated in this paragraph be found to exist 
before a favorable rating may be made.'' However, we failed to explain 
that omission in our preamble. We note that initially proposed 5.320(a) 
already provided for aid and attendance if the claimant meets ``any or 
all'' of the listed criteria. Therefore this sentence was unnecessary 
and we propose not to include it in Sec.  5.320.

Sec.  5.321 Additional Disability Compensation for a Veteran Whose 
Spouse Needs Regular Aid and Attendance

    At the end of initially proposed paragraph (a), we propose to add a 
notation that the term ``aid and attendance'' used in that paragraph is 
``defined in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.'' The notation is 
needed to ensure that a reader does not think that the term means only 
the generally applicable definition set forth in proposed Sec.  5.320.
    The commenter addressed the visual impairment criteria of automatic 
eligibility for regular aid and attendance. Initially proposed Sec.  
5.321(b) provided that the spouse of a veteran who is 30 percent 
disabled is automatically considered in need of regular aid and 
attendance if the spouse's visual impairment meets one of two criteria: 
``(1) The spouse has corrected visual acuity of 5/200 or less in both 
eyes; [or] (2) The spouse has concentric contraction of the visual 
field to 5 degrees or less in both eyes''. Section 3.351(c)(1), from 
which proposed Sec.  5.321(b)(2) derives, states, ``. . . or concentric 
contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees or less.'' The proposed 
rule specified the bilateral requirement, which VA has long 
implemented, as we explained in the notice of proposed rulemaking 
(NPRM). We explained that VA had long used these objective vision 
criteria to satisfy the regulatory criteria of ``blind or so nearly 
blind''. See 38 U.S.C. 1115(1)(E). Noting that the VA Schedule for 
Rating Disabilities provides only a 30 percent disability rating for 
unilateral concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees and 
a rating of 100 percent for bilateral concentric contraction to that 
degree, we explained that unilateral contraction could not be 
considered ``so nearly blind as to support a need for aid and 
attendance''. We further noted that, although the rating schedule 
applies to ratings for veterans, there is no rational basis not to 
apply the same criteria for veterans' spouses in considering the proper 
standards for determining the need for aid and attendance.
    The commenter asserts that there is a rational basis to construe 
the visual impairment criteria of the need for regular aid and 
attendance differently for the spouse of a 30 percent disabled veteran 
than for a veteran seeking disability compensation for visual 
impairment. The commenter stated:

    To the contrary, the criterion for granting a veteran, who 
already has a 30% disability, additional benefits because of having 
a spouse with a serious visual impairment should be more relaxed 
than the standard for rating the veteran's own visual impairment. It 
follows that even a spouse with a unilateral concentric contraction 
of the visual field to 5 degrees or less would necessarily require 
regular aid and attendance which would be an additional financial 
burden on a veteran who is 30% disabled.

    We disagree with the commenter for two reasons. First, the aid and 
attendance criterion of ``blind, or so nearly blind'' is established by 
statute. 38 U.S.C. 1115(1)(E)(ii). VA would exceed its authority to 
``relax'' the statutory standard for finding the veteran's spouse in 
need of regular aid and attendance. As we explained in the initial 
NPRM, by reference to the VA Schedule for Rating Disabilities, a person 
with unilateral concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees 
or less ``cannot rationally be considered `so nearly blind' as to need 
regular aid and attendance.'' Section 5.321(b) states an objective 
measure of vision that VA considers ``so nearly blind'' as to need 
regular aid and attendance without further inquiry. It confers the 
benefit of automatic eligibility without burdening the veteran to prove 
some other way that his or her spouse is ``blind, or so nearly

[[Page 71115]]

blind'' as to need regular aid and attendance. Section 5.321(b) does 
not deprive the veteran of the ability to establish need for aid and 
attendance by other means. This is because Sec.  5.321(c) provides for 
proof of entitlement with any evidence that shows the veteran's spouse 
in fact needs regular aid and attendance, even, possibly, with evidence 
of visual impairment that is much less than the impairment that 
automatically establishes a need for regular aid and attendance.
    Second, we disagree that because a veteran is 30 percent disabled 
the veteran's spouse would necessarily require regular aid and 
attendance with unilateral concentric contraction of the visual field 
to 5 degrees or less, or, by implication, with less impairment than 
prescribed by proposed Sec.  5.321(b). The need for regular aid and 
attendance is a function of a person's ability to care for himself or 
herself, not of another's ability to provide financial or other 
support. Although the veteran's ability to provide for the spouse 
financially or otherwise could vary in relation to the veteran's 
disability, it does not logically follow that the spouse's need for 
regular aid and attendance varies in relation to the veteran's 
disability. In light of the discussion above, we propose to make no 
changes based on this comment.

Sec.  5.322 Special Monthly Compensation: General Information and 
Definitions of Disabilities

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.322(a)(1), we stated that multiple 
regulations allow special monthly compensation (SMC) to veterans who 
have certain service-connected disabilities. In initially proposed 
paragraph (a)(2), we stated that certain nonservice-connected 
disabilities will be considered in determining entitlement to SMC, and 
we listed the relevant sections. To emphasize that service-connected 
disability is a prerequisite for SMC, we propose to add this sentence 
to paragraph (a)(1): ``Except as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section, the disabilities referred to in Sec. Sec.  5.323-5.333 must be 
service connected.''
    Section 601 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 2884 (2010) 
amended 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) to replace the phrases ``at a level, or with 
complications,'' and ``at levels, or with complications,'' with the 
phrase ``with factors''. The public law also amended section 1114(n) to 
replace ``at levels, or with complications,'' with the phrase ``with 
factors'' and to replace ``so near the shoulder and hip as to'' with 
``factors that''. It also amended section 1114(o) to replace ``so near 
the shoulder as to'' with ``with factors that''. We propose to revise 
initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.322, 5.325-5.330, and 5.334 to conform 
to this new statutory language.
    In the NPRM, we identified many disabilities in those sections as 
``service connected''. Given that service-connected disability is a 
requirement for all SMC benefits (except as specifically provided in 
certain sections), we have determined that it is unnecessary to specify 
each disability as service connected throughout those sections. We have 
therefore removed the modifier ``service-connected'' throughout 
Sec. Sec.  5.321 and 5.323-5.333, except where necessary to distinguish 
the service-connected disability from a nonservice-connected 
disability.

Sec.  5.323 Special Monthly Compensation Under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k)

    We have reorganized initially proposed Sec.  5.323(b) and moved one 
sentence from paragraph (b) into a closely related part 5 section. 
Initially proposed Sec.  5.323(b) stated limitations on SMC under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(k). Paragraph (b)(1) stated limitations on combining SMC 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) with disability compensation under section 
1114(a) through (j). Paragraph (b)(2) stated limitations on combining 
SMC under section 1114(k) with SMC under 1114(l) through (n). On 
review, we see that paragraph (b)(1)(ii) stated a limitation germane to 
paragraph (b)(2). We therefore propose to move it to paragraph (b)(2), 
and redesignate it as paragraph (b)(2)(i). We propose to redesignate 
initially proposed paragraph (b)(2) as paragraph (b)(2)(ii).
    One provision of initially proposed paragraph (b)(1)(iii) stated 
that the additional compensation for dependents under 38 U.S.C. 1115 is 
not subject to the ``above limitations'', meaning the limitations in 
initially proposed paragraph Sec.  5.323(b)(1). We propose to move this 
provision to Sec.  5.240, ``Disability compensation'', because it 
pertains to all disability compensation, not just to SMC.
    The remainder of initially proposed paragraph (b)(1)(iii) stated 
that ``the additional allowance for regular aid and attendance or a 
higher level of care provided by 38 U.S.C. 1114(r) [is] not subject to 
the above limitations regarding maximum monthly compensation payable 
under this paragraph.'' To improve clarity, we therefore propose to 
redesignate this provision of initially proposed paragraph (b)(1)(iii) 
as paragraph (b)(3) and have clearly identified the excluded 
limitations as those of Sec.  5.323(b). For consistency throughout part 
5, we propose to revise ``compensation'' to read ``disability 
compensation''. As revised, the sentence will read: ``The additional 
allowance for regular aid and attendance or a higher level of care 
provided by 38 U.S.C. 1114(r) is not subject to the limitations of 
paragraph (b) of this section regarding maximum monthly disability 
compensation payable under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) in combination with other 
rates.''

Sec.  5.324 Special Monthly Compensation Under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l)

    The commenter asserted that as initially proposed, Sec.  5.324(d) 
violated the ``benefit of the doubt'' rule of 38 U.S.C. 5107(b) by 
defining ``permanently bedridden'' as ``reasonably certain that the 
confinement to bed will continue throughout his or her lifetime.'' The 
commenter noted that the benefit of the doubt rule is ``[w]hen there is 
an approximate balance of positive and negative evidence regarding any 
issue material to the determination of a matter, the Secretary shall 
give the benefit of the doubt to the claimant.'' The commenter argued 
that to comply with the benefit of the doubt rule, Sec.  5.324(d) 
should substitute ``at least as likely as not'' for ``reasonably 
certain''. That is, it should read, ``It is at least as likely as not 
that the confinement to bed will continue throughout his or her 
lifetime.''
    The statute that Sec.  5.324(d) implements authorizes VA to pay 
special monthly compensation to a veteran who is ``permanently 
bedridden.'' 38 U.S.C. 1114(l). We agree that use of the term 
``reasonably certain'' could be misconstrued to require a higher 
standard of proof than ``at least as likely as not''. Therefore, we 
propose to remove ``reasonably certain''. As revised, the standard of 
proof would be the default standard, which is the ``benefit of the 
doubt'' rule. The ``benefit of the doubt rule'', found in Sec.  5.3, 
incorporates the concept of ``at least as likely as not.''

Sec.  5.325 Special Monthly Compensation at the Intermediate Rate 
Between 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) and (m)

    We propose to amend the language in Sec.  5.325 for clarity.

Sec.  5.326 Special Monthly Compensation Under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m)

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.326(i), we provided an award of SMC 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) based on the facts found ``[i]f the veteran has 
. . . concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees or less 
in both eyes''. This paragraph was derived from Sec.  3.350(c)(3), 
which does not include the ``or less'' criterion. See 38 CFR

[[Page 71116]]

3.350(c)(3) (``[w]ith . . . the vision field reduced to 5 degrees 
concentric contraction in both eyes''). We did not explain our reason 
for the addition of the ``or less'' criterion. Although we did not 
receive any comments on this issue, we note that in the NPRM for 
proposed Sec.  5.325(d) we explained our rationale for treating visual 
acuity of 5/200 or less and concentric contraction of the visual field 
to 5 degrees or less as equally disabling. See 73 FR 62012, Oct. 17, 
2008. In that notice, we also stated our intent to apply the principle 
of equivalence of visual acuity of 5/200 or less with concentric 
contraction of the visual to 5 degrees or less ``wherever it is 
applicable''. It applies to Sec.  5.326(i).

5.330 Special Monthly Compensation Under 38 U.S.C. 1114(o).

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.330(c), we stated one combination of 
disabilities that qualify a veteran for an award under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(o) as follows: ``Total deafness in one ear, or bilateral deafness 
rated at 40 percent or more disabling, even if the hearing impairment 
in one ear is nonservice connected, in combination with service-
connected blindness of both eyes having only light perception or 
less.'' We believe the phrase ``only light perception or less'', which 
is also contained in current 38 CFR 3.350(e)(1)(iv), may confuse 
readers because it fails to explain what ``less'' refers to. The intent 
of Sec.  3.350(e)(1)(iv) is to include veterans with only light 
perception or less vision, so we propose to add the word vision at the 
end of Sec.  5.330(c).
    The preamble to initially proposed 5.330 stated, ``We will not 
repeat Sec.  3.350(e)(4) and the third and fourth sentences of Sec.  
3.350(e)(3). These sentences are redundant of Sec.  3.350(e)(1)(ii) . . 
.'' In fact, we actually omitted the second through fourth sentences, 
for the same reason.

5.332 Additional Allowance for Regular Aid and Attendance Under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(r)(1) or for a Higher Level of Care Under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(r)(2)

    Section 601 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 2884 (2010) 
amended 38 U.S.C. 1114 by adding a new paragraph (t) which provides:

    Subject to section 5503(c) of this title, if any veteran, as the 
result of service-connected disability, is in need of regular aid 
and attendance for the residuals of traumatic brain injury, is not 
eligible for compensation under subsection (r)(2), and in the 
absence of such regular aid and attendance would require 
hospitalization, nursing home care, or other residential 
institutional care, the veteran shall be paid, in addition to any 
other compensation under this section, a monthly aid and attendance 
allowance equal to the rate described in subsection (r)(2), which 
for purposes of section 1134 of this title shall be considered as 
additional compensation payable for disability. An allowance 
authorized under this subsection shall be paid in lieu of any 
allowance authorized by subsection (r)(1).

    We propose to add a new paragraph (c)(7) to initially proposed 
Sec.  5.332 to implement this statutory change.

Sec.  5.333 Special Monthly Compensation Under 38 U.S.C. 1114(s)

    In Bradley v. Peake, issued after Sec.  5.333 was initially 
proposed, the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims held that under 
VA's existing regulation (38 CFR 3.350(i)) entitlement to SMC under 
section 1114(s) may be provided to a claimant who was assigned ``a TDIU 
[total disability based on individual unemployability] rating based on 
a single disability to satisfy the statutory requirement of a total 
rating.'' Bradley, 22 Vet. App. 280, 293 (2008). To clearly implement 
the court's holding, we propose to revise the first paragraph of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.333 to state:

    Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(s) is payable 
to a veteran who has a single disability rated 100 percent disabling 
under subpart B of the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of 
this chapter, or a disability that is the sole basis for a rating of 
total disability based on individual unemployability (TDIU) under 
Sec.  4.16 of this chapter, and [additional disabilities as 
described in either paragraph (a) or (b) of Sec.  5.333].


We propose to revise paragraphs (a) and (b) so that they will be clear 
when read in connection with these revisions.

Sec.  5.336 Effective Dates: Additional Compensation for Regular Aid 
and Attendance Payable for a Veteran's Spouse Under Sec.  5.321

    We propose to revise Sec.  5.336(a)(2) to be in the active voice 
and to improve clarity. In initially proposed paragraph (a)(2), we 
stated, ``[retroactive] regular aid and attendance for the spouse will 
also be awarded''. We now propose to clarify that the benefit paid is 
properly called ``additional compensation'' for regular aid and 
attendance. Also, initially proposed paragraph (a)(2) referred to a 
spouse's ``entitlement to regular aid and attendance''. However, it is 
the spouse's need for, not entitlement to, regular aid and attendance 
that is the basis for the additional compensation. We therefore propose 
to change the reference to ``entitlement'' to a reference to ``need''. 
The whole sentence will read, ``When VA awards disability compensation 
based on an original or reopened claim retroactive to an effective date 
that is earlier than the date of receipt of the claim,VA will also 
award additional compensation for any part of the retroactive period 
during which the spouse needed regular aid and attendance.''
    Title 38 CFR 3.501(b)(3) states that the effective date for 
discontinuance of additional compensation paid based on a spouse's need 
for regular aid and attendance is the, ``[e]nd of month in which award 
action is taken if need for aid and attendance has ceased.'' Initially 
proposed paragraph (b) stated, ``The effective date for the 
discontinuance of regular aid and attendance will be the end of the 
month in which VA stops paying the aid and attendance.'' The proposed 
regulation incorrectly stated that VA will stop paying the benefit when 
we discontinue the benefit. It also failed to identify the reason for 
the discontinuance: the spouse no longer needs regular aid and 
attendance. We propose to remedy these two defects by revising the 
sentence to read, ``If the veteran's spouse no longer needs regular aid 
and attendance, VA will discontinue additional compensation effective 
the end of the month in which VA takes the award action to 
discontinue.''

5.337 Award of Special Monthly Compensation Based on the Need for 
Regular Aid and Attendance During Period of Hospitalization

    We have determined that initially proposed Sec.  5.337 is redundant 
of Sec.  5.720(f). We therefore propose to delete Sec.  5.337 from part 
5.

Sec.  5.350 Benefits Under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for Additional Disability 
or Death Due to Hospital Care, Medical or Surgical Treatment, 
Examination, Training and Rehabilitation Services, or Compensated Work 
Therapy Program

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.350 erroneously included applicability 
date rules derived from current Sec.  3.361(a)(1) and (2). Those rules 
pertain, respectively, to the applicability date of Sec.  3.361 to 
claims for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) generally, and to claims 
for benefits related to compensated work therapy specifically. No 
regulation in part 5 will apply before the applicability date of part 5 
as a whole, which will be on a date prescribed in the final rule. 
Consequently, we erred in restating in initially proposed Sec.  5.350 
the applicability dates prescribed in Sec.  3.361. We now propose not 
to include them in Sec.  5.350. We also propose to similarly revise 
initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.351 and 5.353, which also involve 
benefits under section 1151.

[[Page 71117]]

    Section 3.800(a), ``Disability or death due to hospitalization, 
etc.'', provides that:

    Where disease, injury, death or the aggravation of an existing 
disease or injury occurs as a result of having submitted to an 
examination, medical or surgical treatment, hospitalization or the 
pursuit of a course of vocational rehabilitation under any law 
administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs and not the 
result of his (or her) own willful misconduct, disability or death 
compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation will be 
awarded for such disease, injury, aggravation, or death as if such 
condition were service connected.

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.350, we failed to include a similar 
basic explanation of the benefits payable under 38 U.S.C. 1151. To 
correct this omission, we propose to insert similar language as new 
paragraph (a).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.350(g), we stated, ``The benefit 
payable under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) to an eligible survivor for a veteran's 
death occurring after December 31, 1956, is dependency and indemnity 
compensation.'' This paragraph is unnecessary because we use the term 
``dependency and indemnity compensation'' in new paragraph (a), and 
part 5 will not govern any claims filed on or before December 31, 1956. 
We therefore propose to delete paragraph (g).

Sec.  5.352 Effect of Federal Tort Claims Act Compromises, Settlements, 
and Judgments Entered After November 30, 1962, on Benefits Awarded 
Under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for Additional Disability or Death Due to 
Hospital Care, Medical or Surgical Treatment, Examination, Training and 
Rehabilitation Services, or Compensated Work Therapy Program

    For the same reasons explained above as to Sec.  3.350, we propose 
to delete initially proposed paragraph (a), which had stated that this 
rule applied to claims received after September 30, 1997. Accordingly, 
we propose to redesignate initially proposed paragraph (b) as paragraph 
(a), proposed paragraph (c) as paragraph (b), and proposed paragraph 
(d) as paragraph (c). We propose to remove unnecessary language from 
these paragraphs for clarity.
    We propose to add paragraph (d), ``Offset of award of benefits 
under 38 U.S.C. chapter 21 or 38 U.S.C. chapter 39'', to initially 
proposed Sec.  5.352. Section 304(c) of the Veterans Benefits 
Improvement Act of 2004 amended 38 U.S.C. 1151(b) by adding section 
1151(b)(2) relating to offset of chapter 21 and 39 benefits. VA amended 
current Sec.  3.362 in August 2006 by adding paragraph (e) to that 
section to implement the part of 38 U.S.C. 1152(b) pertaining to 38 
U.S.C. chapter 39. On September 23, 2010, VA amended Sec.  3.362(e) to 
implement 38 U.S.C. 1151(b) pertaining to 38 U.S.C. chapter 21. See 75 
FR 57859. Initially proposed Sec.  5.352 omitted a counterpart to Sec.  
3.362(e). We now propose to add the language of Sec.  3.362(e), 
reorganized for clarity.

Sec.  5.360 Service Connection of Dental Conditions for Treatment 
Purposes

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.360 was based on 38 CFR 3.381 as it 
existed at the time (2008). See 73 FR 62004. VA revised Sec.  3.381 on 
January 30, 2012 (77 FR 4469). This amendment was intended to clarify 
the language of Sec.  3.381 by adding a new introductory paragraph (a) 
explaining the types of issues that VBA adjudicates in a dental claim. 
VA also added a sentence to Sec.  3.381(b) explaining that, ``These 
conditions and other dental conditions or disabilities that are 
noncompensably rated under Sec.  4.150 of this chapter may be service 
connected for purposes of Class II or Class II (a) dental treatment 
under Sec.  17.161 of this chapter.''
    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.360(a), ``General 
Principles'', to incorporate the new introductory paragraph (a) of 
Sec.  3.381 and to add a statement explaining what service connection 
for treatment purposes means. We likewise propose to include the second 
sentence of Sec.  3.381(b) in Sec.  5.360(c)(3). We also propose to 
revise initially proposed Sec.  5.360 to simplify the provisions, to 
state the provisions in the active voice, to specify which 
Administration within VA must make which determinations, and to reorder 
the provisions in a more logical sequence.
    We propose to change the sequence of the paragraphs, designating 
paragraph (b) as (c), paragraph (c) as (e), paragraph (d) as (b), and 
paragraph (e) as (d). It is more logical to include the paragraphs 
concerning what VA will service connect for treatment purposes together 
and in sequence and before the paragraph that provides for the 
conditions VA will not service connect for treatment purposes.
    In proposed paragraph (c) (initially proposed paragraph (b)), we 
propose to rephrase the first sentence to state it in the active voice. 
We propose to remove the modifier, ``chronic'' from periodontal disease 
in paragraph (iv) because VA will treat any periodontal disease in a 
veteran who is eligible for treatment in accordance with the provisions 
of Sec.  17.161 of this chapter. Periodontal disease, whether labeled 
acute or chronic, is classified based on the severity of the disease. 
Gingivitis, which is acute and treatable, is a milder form of 
periodontal disease. Periodontitis, which is chronic, is the condition 
that develops if gingivitis is untreated. Since these are essentially 
different stages of the same disease, VA will treat both stages.
    We propose to remove the phrase, ``outpatient dental'' from the 
first sentence of paragraph (e) (initially proposed paragraph (c)) 
because it is redundant and unnecessary. This entire section concerns 
service connection of dental conditions for treatment purposes. It is 
immaterial whether VA treats the veteran as an outpatient or while 
hospitalized. We also propose to remove ``acute periodontal disease'' 
from the list of conditions that VA will not service connect for 
treatment purposes for the reasons stated earlier. We propose to 
redesignate the subsequent paragraphs accordingly.

Sec.  5.365 Claims Based on the Effects of Tobacco Products

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.365 restated Sec.  3.300 essentially 
without change. Initially proposed Sec.  5.365(b)(1) stated: ``The 
disability or death resulted from injury or disease that is otherwise 
shown to have been incurred or aggravated during service, which means 
that the disability or death can be service connected on some basis 
other than the veteran's use of tobacco products during service.'' The 
phrase ``otherwise shown to have been incurred or aggravated'' quotes 
paragraph (b) of the authorizing statute, 38 U.S.C. 1103. However, we 
have determined that the phrase ``the disability or death can be 
service connected on some basis other than the veteran's use of tobacco 
products during service'' is the premise of the paragraph. The other 
language in the initially proposed paragraph is superfluous. We 
therefore propose to remove this other language.
    We also determined that the phrase, ``the disability became 
manifest or death occurred during service'', which appeared in 
initially proposed (b)(1), is a separate exception to paragraph (a). We 
therefore propose to designate it paragraph (b)(2). Consequently, we 
propose to redesignate initially proposed paragraph (b)(2) as (b)(3) 
and initially proposed paragraph (b)(3) as (b)(4).
    We further propose to change the word ``appeared'' in initially 
proposed paragraph (b)(2), redesignated paragraph (b)(3), to 
``manifested'' because the cited sections, Sec. Sec.  5.260 through 
5.268, use the word ``manifested''. Likewise, 38 U.S.C. 1103(b) uses 
the word ``manifest''.

[[Page 71118]]

    In the preamble to the initially proposed rule, we explained that 
we were not repeating the first clause of Sec.  3.300, ``For claims 
received by VA after June 9, 1998,'' because all claims under part 5 
will be received after 1998. We have noted that one of the authority 
citations listed in initially proposed Sec.  5.365 was 38 U.S.C. 1103 
note. Because this note only concerns this effective date provision, we 
propose to omit it from Sec.  5.35.

Sec.  5.367 Civil Service Preference Ratings for Employment in the U.S. 
Government

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.367 was not explicit as to the purpose 
of the civil service preference ratings. We now propose to clarify that 
these ratings are for ``employment by the U.S. government''. This 
clarification is consistent with current practice.
    The second sentence stated, ``Any directly or presumptively 
service-connected injury or disease that exhibits some extent of actual 
impairment may be held to exist at the level of less than 10 percent.'' 
This implied a two-step process in which VA found ``actual impairment'' 
and then assigned a rating of less than 10 percent. In fact, there is 
only one step: if a veteran has any actually disabling directly or 
presumptively service-connected disability he or she will qualify for 
the civil service preference. We propose to revise the sentence to say 
this explicitly.

Sec.  5.368 Basic Eligibility Determinations: Home Loan and Education 
Benefits

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.368(a)(1), we stated that claims 
based on service after January 31, 1955, and before August 5, 1964; or 
after May 7, 1975, would be governed by the presumption of aggravation 
in current Sec.  3.306(a) and (c). This was derived from current Sec.  
3.315(b). However, the current rule is incorrect, and should refer to 
Sec.  3.306(b), which applies to all claims based on service after 
December 7, 1941. We will state the rule correctly in part 5. We 
propose to make the same correction to paragraph (b)(4).

XI. Subpart F: Nonservice-Connected Disability Pensions and Death 
Pensions Improved Pension

A. Improved Pension

    In a document published in the Federal Register on September 26, 
2007, we proposed to revise VA's regulations governing Improved Pension 
benefits, to be published in a new 38 CFR part 5. 72 FR 54776. We 
provided a 60-day comment period that ended November 26, 2007. We 
received no comments.
    Although we received no comments regarding our publication on 
September 26, 2007, an internal review of initially proposed Subpart F 
revealed several drafting errors that needed to be corrected, and we 
propose to do so. We also propose to make organizational and technical 
changes to improve the clarity of the regulations, and to maintain 
consistency throughout part 5.

Sec.  5.370 Definitions for Improved Pension

    We propose to add a general definition of ``Improved Pension'', as 
Sec.  5.370(d), to be consistent with our practice of providing general 
definitions for the benefits provided by VA. See, for example, 
Sec. Sec.  5.240(a) (defining disability compensation) and 5.460 
(defining certain VA pension programs). The text of the definition is 
based on the text of what was initially proposed as Sec.  5.371, with 
minor revisions to improve clarity.
    We also propose to add a definition of ``Improved Pension payment 
amount'' as paragraph (e), which is ``the monthly payment calculated 
under Sec.  5.421(a)''.
    In the definition of ``Maximum annual pension rate'', proposed 
paragraph (f), we changed the reference to Sec.  5.400 from ``The 
various types of maximum annual pension rates are set forth at Sec.  
5.400'' to ``Maximum annual pension rates are described in Sec.  
5.400''. Section 5.400 does not ``set forth'' any rates; it merely 
refers the reader to title 38, United States Code.
    In this revised version of Sec.  5.370, we would add a definition 
of ``net worth in proposed paragraph (g)'' as ``the value of real and 
personal property, as calculated under Sec.  5.414''. This is a general 
definition, and is consistent with common usage of the term; however, 
it will be useful to provide a definition in this central location of 
Sec.  5.370, where it will guide readers to the relevant (and more 
detailed) substantive rules in Sec.  5.414.
    In Sec.  5.370, we initially proposed to define ``special monthly 
pension'' as:

    [A] type of Improved Pension with higher maximum annual pension 
rates than the basic rates listed in Sec.  5.400(a)(1) and (5). 
Special monthly pension is based on a veteran's or surviving 
spouse's disability or disabilities ratable at 60 percent or more, 
their housebound status, or their need of the aid and attendance of 
another person in performing their daily living habits.


We propose to revise the definition in proposed paragraph (i) to make 
it more general; specific entitlement criteria are more appropriately 
discussed in the substantive rules at Sec. Sec.  5.390 and 5.391. There 
is no need to restate those criteria here. We will explicitly note in 
the definition that claimants for special monthly pension must meet the 
eligibility criteria for Improved Pension, notwithstanding that this is 
implied by the definition of special monthly pension as a ``type of 
Improved Pension''.
    We propose to delete the initially proposed definition of 
``surviving child'' as unnecessary and redundant of other material in 
part 5.

Sec.  5.371 Eligibility and Entitlement Requirements for Improved 
Pension

    We propose to revise Sec.  5.371(a) so that it is in the active 
voice and so that it specifically refers to special monthly pension, 
where, in the initially proposed version, it applied only implicitly to 
special monthly pension. In addition, we propose to delete from 
paragraph (a) the material that was moved to the definition in Sec.  
5.370.
    Initially proposed paragraph Sec.  5.371(c) states the general 
rules for the eligibility requirements to Improved Death Pension for a 
surviving spouse or surviving child. We propose to add cross-references 
in Sec.  5.371(c)(1) and (2) to the part 5 regulations relating to 
status as a surviving spouse, and surviving child.
    We propose to clarify paragraph Sec.  5.371(c) by moving the 
material in initially proposed Sec.  5.371(c)(3) to the beginning of 
the paragraph. The purpose of the language is to explain that in 
determining eligibility for Improved Death Pension, it does not matter 
whether the veteran's death is service-connected.

Sec.  5.372 Wartime Service Requirements for Improved Pension

    We propose to add the word ``nonconsecutive'' to Sec.  5.372(b)(2), 
to illustrate that, unlike the period described in paragraph (b)(1), 
the days need not be consecutive to meet this requirement. Indeed, if 
the days were consecutive, the service described in paragraph (b)(2) 
would meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(1). We do not need to add 
the word ``nonconsecutive'' to paragraph (b)(3) because that paragraph 
explicitly requires two separate periods of service.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.372(b)(4)(ii) provided wartime service 
if the veteran served for any period of time during a period of war and 
had a disability ``at the time of discharge that in medical judgment 
would have justified a discharge for disability''. This requirement 
appears in current Sec.  3.3(a)(3)(ii). In part 5, we will remove the 
``medical judgment'' requirement. Instead, we will require that the 
veteran

[[Page 71119]]

have ``had such a service-connected disability at the time of discharge 
that would have justified discharge.'' This change will recognize that 
in some cases lay evidence may be sufficient to establish the existence 
of a disability that could have served as a basis for discharge.
    In addition, we propose to improve the clarity of the paragraph by 
specifying that the disability that existed at discharge must be one 
for which service connection is granted without relying on a 
presumption. This is consistent with current Sec.  3.3(a)(3)(ii).

Sec.  5.373 Evidence of Age in Improved Pension Claims

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.373, we stated that the regulation 
applies when age ``is material to the decision of an Improved Pension 
claim''. It is possible to misread this language as a narrowing of the 
current rule, such that the new rule would apply only when age is 
outcome determinative. We therefore propose to remove the phrase ``the 
decision of''. As revised, the part 5 rule will be substantively 
identical to the current rule.

Sec. Sec.  5.380 Disability Requirements for Improved Disability 
Pension; 5.381 Permanent and Total Disability Ratings for Improved 
Disability Pension Purposes; and 5.382 Improved Disability Pension--
Combining Disability Ratings

    We propose to significantly revise Sec. Sec.  5.380, 5.381, and 
5.382 by combining the initially proposed regulations, removing 
redundant material, correcting errors, and otherwise improving clarity. 
In addition, we propose to reserve Sec. Sec.  5.381 and 5.382, and 
several other changes as discussed below.
    In Sec.  5.380(a), we propose to add guidance on how VA combines 
disability ratings to determine whether a veteran is permanently and 
totally disabled for Improved Pension purposes. This guidance was 
initially contained in proposed Sec.  5.382(b). We now propose to move 
Sec.  5.382(b) to Sec.  5.380(a) because it is more logical to state 
that provision in Sec.  5.380(a) along with the other disability 
requirements. We also propose to eliminate Sec.  5.382(a) because in 
the case, as here, where a veteran has multiple disabilities, all 
disabilities are combined in the same manner, regardless of whether the 
disability is service or non-service connected. We now propose to mark 
Sec.  5.382 as reserved.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.380, we failed to explain our 
omission of current 38 CFR 3.342(b)(5). We consider that paragraph to 
be a comingled authority citation and cross reference and we therefore 
believe it is unnecessary in part 5.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.381(b)(2), which is now Sec.  
5.380(c)(2), consisted of seven sentences that were not logically 
organized and were not stated clearly. We propose to reorganize the 
material. In sentence one, we propose to replace ``consistent with the 
evidence in the case'' with ``that is shown by the evidence'', because 
that phrase has the same meaning as ``consistent with the evidence'' 
and is easier for the public to understand. For the same reason, we 
propose to use the phrase ``that is shown by the evidence'' in 
paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iii). The remaining material will be 
divided into three separate paragraphs, Sec.  5.380(c)(2)(i) through 
(iii), to distinguish between generally applicable rules, rules that 
apply to cases involving disabilities that require hospitalization for 
indefinite periods, and special rules that apply only in tuberculosis 
cases.
    In what was initially proposed as Sec.  5.381(b)(3), which is now 
proposed Sec.  5.380(c)(3), we propose to remove language requiring VA 
to give ``special consideration'' to veterans under 40 years of age. As 
revised, the regulation will describe how VA determines the permanence 
of total disability in such veterans, without suggesting that VA treats 
these veterans in a ``special'' way, that is, without suggesting that 
these veterans are not entitled to the same treatment as any other 
veteran.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.381(b)(4), which is now Sec.  
5.380(c)(4), we propose to change ``presumed'' to ``considered'' to be 
consistent with the current regulation, Sec.  3.342(b)(4), and the 
statute, 38 U.S.C. 1718(g). ``Considered'' is more favorable to 
veterans because it establishes a rule rather than a rebuttable 
presumption.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.381(b)(4)(i), which is now Sec.  
5.380(c)(4)(i), we repeated a typographical error from Sec.  
3.342(b)(3)(i) by using ``member-employer''. The correct term is 
``member-employee''. Compare 50 FR 36632, Sept. 9, 1985 (proposed 
amendment of Sec.  3.342(b)(4) using ``member-employee'') with 50 FR 
52775, Dec. 26, 1985 (final rule amending Sec.  3.342(b)(4) using 
``member-employer'').
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.381(b)(5), which is now Sec.  
5.380(c)(5), we had cross-referenced a part 5 regulation that would be 
based on current 38 CFR 3.321(b)(2) (concerning extra-schedular ratings 
for pension). We have since decided against establishing a separate 
regulation based on that current rule. Thus, in the revised Sec.  
5.380(c)(5), we propose to include a rule equivalent to current 38 CFR 
3.321(b)(2).

Sec.  5.383 Effective Dates of Awards of Improved Disability Pension

    We have determined that initially proposed Sec.  5.383(a)(2) is an 
exception to the general effective date rule for Improved Disability 
Pension. It deals with previously denied claims, and we propose to name 
it as addressing such claims and redesignate it as paragraph (b). What 
was previously proposed paragraph (b) will now be proposed paragraph 
(c).
    We propose to revise Sec.  5.383(b)(3), eliminating the description 
of an incapacitating disability, which was circular and confusing. The 
revised language will also affirmatively state that a disability that 
requires extensive hospitalization is an incapacitating disability for 
Improved Disability Pension purposes, whereas the initially proposed 
language appeared to establish a rebuttable presumption to the same 
effect. Compared to current Sec.  3.400(b)(1)(ii)(B) and to the 
initially proposed rule, the revised rule is easier to understand and 
apply. Consequently, this will be a change from both part 3 and the 
initially proposed rule, but it will result in a clearer regulation and 
will not lead to later effective dates of awards to disabled veterans.

Sec.  5.390 Special Monthly Pension for a Veteran or Surviving Spouse 
Based on the Need for Regular Aid and Attendance

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.390 was titled, ``Special monthly 
pension for veterans and surviving spouses at the aid and attendance 
rate.'' We propose to revise the title to read, ``Special monthly 
pension for a veteran or surviving spouse based on the need for regular 
aid and attendance.'' The revision is in part to help clarify that 
special monthly pension is essentially Improved Pension paid at a 
higher maximum annual pension rate. The revision also makes the 
reference to regular aid and attendance consistent with our terminology 
in the rest of part 5.
    We propose to make significant clarifications, eliminate 
redundancy, and otherwise simplify the introductory paragraph, proposed 
as Sec.  5.390(a).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.390(b)(4), which is now Sec.  
5.390(d), we had cross-referenced Sec.  5.333 for the rules to govern 
factual need for aid and attendance. We propose to change this citation 
to Sec.  5.320 because we propose to renumber the regulation.

[[Page 71120]]

Sec.  5.391 Special Monthly Pension for a Veteran or Surviving Spouse 
At the housebound rate

    In initially proposed part 5, there are several regulations that 
define ``permanently housebound'' as it applies to the veteran and the 
surviving spouse. To ensure consistency throughout part 5, we propose 
to change the definition in Sec.  5.391(a)(2), to the language used in 
proposed Sec.  5.511(c). Proposed paragraph (a)(2) will now define the 
term to mean that the veteran is substantially confined to his or her 
residence (ward or clinical areas, if institutionalized) and immediate 
premises because of a disability or disabilities, and that it is 
reasonably certain that such disability or disabilities will not 
improve during the veteran's lifetime.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.391(b) was a new provision intended to 
reconcile current VA regulations, which have not been altered since 
being promulgated in 1979, with Hartness v. Nicholson, 20 Vet. App. 216 
(2006). In that case, the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans 
Claims (CAVC) stated that current Sec.  3.351(d) does not consider the 
interpretive effects of 38 U. S.C. 1513(a), first enacted in 2001, on 
38 U.S.C. 1521(e). See Hartness, 20 Vet. App. at 221. The CAVC held 
that, according to these statutes, a veteran who is otherwise eligible 
for Improved Pension based on being age 65 or older, and who is not in 
need of regular aid and attendance, is entitled to special monthly 
pension at the housebound rate if he or she has a disability ratable at 
60 percent or more or is considered permanently housebound. See 
Hartness, 20 Vet. App. at 221-22. The court held that such a veteran, 
unlike a veteran who is under 65 years old, need not have a disability 
that is permanent and total. See id.
    However, in 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 
overturned Hartness. In Chandler v. Shinseki, 676 F.3d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 
2012), the court stated:

    This court concludes Sec.  1513(a) only eliminates the permanent 
and total disability requirement in Sec.  1521(a), which applies to 
all Sec.  1521 subsections. The language of section 1521 is 
structured so that subsection (a) is a threshold requirement and the 
other subsections recite additional requirements for a veteran to 
qualify for different pension rates. As such, Sec.  1521's language 
and structure, when viewed in light of the statute's purpose and 
meaning, suggest that the parenthetical exclusion in section 1513(a) 
refers only to the threshold requirement found in section 1521(a) 
for pension benefits under Sec.  1521 and not to the additional 
[housebound] requirements imposed by Sec.  1521(e). slip op at 11.


We therefore propose to delete Sec.  5.391(b) and reorder the section 
paragraphs accordingly.

Sec.  5.392 Effective Dates of Awards of Special Monthly Pension

    Although it was technically accurate, initially proposed Sec.  
5.392, ``Effective dates of awards of special monthly pension'', was 
unnecessarily complex. In paragraph (a), we had stated the general rule 
that the effective date of an award of special monthly pension was the 
date VA received the claim for special monthly pension or the date 
entitlement arose, whichever date is later. This is essentially the 
same as the effective date of an award of Improved Pension under 
Sec. Sec.  5.383 and 5.431, except that it does not address the 
eligibility or entitlement criteria for Improved Pension. It is 
unnecessary for the special monthly pension effective date regulation 
to address such criteria, because the claimant must have met those 
criteria as a prerequisite for the award. Moreover, in cases where a 
claimant who was not already receiving Improved Pension is awarded 
special monthly pension, the claim for Improved Pension constitutes the 
claim for special monthly pension, because special monthly pension is a 
form of Improved Pension paid at a higher maximum annual pension rate. 
Thus, the award of special monthly pension is predicated upon the same 
rules that govern the award of Improved Pension, and the award of 
special monthly pension will be effective on the same date as the award 
of Improved Pension in every situation except where entitlement to 
special monthly pension arose after the date of entitlement to Improved 
Pension. This could occur in a case where an Improved Pension 
beneficiary files a new claim for special monthly pension, or where a 
claimant seeking Improved Pension incurs, after filing the Improved 
Pension claim, additional disability that makes him or her eligible for 
special monthly pension. Hence, we propose to revise the rule to simply 
state that the effective date of an award of special monthly pension 
will be the later of either the effective date of the award of Improved 
Pension under Sec.  5.383 or the award of Improved Death Pension under 
Sec.  5.431, or the date entitlement to special monthly pension arose.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.392 we failed to include the 
provisions of 38 CFR 3.402(c)(1), concerning aid and attendance, and 
housebound benefits payable to a surviving spouse. We propose to 
correct this omission by adding a reference to proposed Sec.  5.431, 
``Effective dates of Improved Death Pension''. We also omitted the 
provisions of Sec.  3.402(c)(2), concerning concurrent receipt of 
Improved Pension and Improved Death Pension. We propose to correct this 
omission by adding a new paragraph (b).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.392(b), we stated an exception 
applicable ``when an award of Improved Pension is effective 
retroactively''. This refers to the retroactive provisions in Sec.  
5.383(b). By referencing Sec.  5.383 in its entirety in Sec.  5.392(a), 
the simplified version of paragraph (a) will eliminate the need for 
this exception.

Sec.  5.400 Maximum Annual Pension Rates for a Veteran, Surviving 
Spouse, or Surviving Child

    After reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.400, we propose to make 
several changes, including redesignating due to the removal and 
revision of certain paragraphs, described below.
    We determined that it would be helpful for readers to know that the 
rates of pension are listed on the Internet. We therefore propose to 
add the following sentence to what is now the introductory paragraph 
(which, as initially proposed, was designated as paragraph (a)): 
``Current and historical maximum annual rates can be found on the 
Internet at http://www.va.gov or are available from any Veterans 
Service Center or Pension Management Center.'' We propose to include 
``Pension Management Center'' because most pension cases are processed 
in these three centers. We propose to remove from that paragraph 
language related to 38 U.S.C. 5312 because it was redundant of Sec.  
5.401. For similar reasons, we propose to add ``Pension Management 
Center'' to initially proposed Sec.  5.471(a).
    Also in reviewing this section, we found that what is now 
designated as paragraph (e) could be simplified to refer only to a 
surviving spouse. The authorizing statute for that paragraph addresses 
the different rates based on whether or not the spouse has custody of a 
child of the deceased veteran.
    We propose to delete initially proposed Sec.  5.400(b), pertaining 
to World War I veterans, because VA does not have any Improved 
Pensioners on its rolls who served in World War I and does not expect 
to receive any new claims from such veterans. If any claims are 
received, they may be adjudicated in accordance with 38 U.S.C. 1521(g), 
which provides the higher rate for such veterans.
    Finally, we propose to move the information that had been contained 
in initially proposed Sec.  5.400(c), concerning higher maximum annual 
pension rates

[[Page 71121]]

based on the number of dependents, to the second sentence of what is 
now the introductory paragraph. We were concerned that the separate 
paragraph would lead a reader to think that paragraph (c) was an 
exception to the information in the introductory paragraph when, in 
fact, the statutes referred to in the introductory paragraph provide 
the higher rates.

Sec.  5.401 Automatic Adjustment of Maximum Annual Pension Rates

    We propose to omit a counterpart to Sec.  3.23(c) from Sec.  5.401. 
The preamble to initially proposed Sec.  5.401(b), 72 FR 54776, 54782-
54783 (Sept. 26, 2007), stated that it derives, in part, from Sec.  
3.23(c), which provides for publication of increases in the rate of 
pension paid to Mexican border period and World War I veterans. As 
explained in the initial, 72 FR 54776, 54782, and current preambles for 
Sec.  5.400, part 5 will not repeat 3.23(c) because it is obsolete. 
Consequently, though proposed 5.401(b) restates the requirement to 
publish increases in the rate of certain benefits, VA will not publish 
increased in the rate for veterans of the Mexican border period or 
World War I, and Sec.  5.401(b) does not partly derive from Sec.  
3.23(c).

Sec.  5.410 Countable Annual Income

    We propose to clarify Sec.  5.410(a)(1) and make its phrasing 
parallel in structure to paragraph (a)(2) for consistency.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.410(b)(3), we stated that: ``The 
income of a surviving child includes the income of that child's 
custodial parent and the income of other surviving children as 
described in Sec.  5.435, `Calculating annual Improved Pension amounts 
for surviving children.' '' The preamble to the initially proposed rule 
explained that the rule regarding whose income must be included in a 
surviving child's income was ``too complex to be included in this 
regulation, so we propose to include a cross-reference to proposed 
Sec.  5.435''. However, Sec.  5.435 requires including the income of 
the surviving child's custodian, irrespective of whether the custodian 
is a ``custodial parent''. Thus, the reference in Sec.  5.410(b)(3) to 
``custodial parent'' was improperly narrow. We therefore propose to 
change the term ``custodial parent'' to ``custodian''. This change 
corrects the erroneous reference to a ``custodial parent'' in the 
proposed rule. We also propose to clarify in paragraph (b)(3) that the 
income of a surviving child includes that child's income, to make the 
provision consistent with paragraphs (b)(1) and (2).
    We propose to add paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (ii) to address 
overlapping irregular income. This type of income was not previously 
addressed. This change follows current VA practice.

Sec.  5.411 Counting a Child's Income for Improved Pension Payable to a 
Child's Parent

    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.411, we determined that 
this section could be much clearer, and we also identified several 
problems with the initially proposed regulation.
    In paragraph (a), we propose to now state the general rule, which 
is that ``VA counts as income to the parent-beneficiary (that is, the 
veteran or surviving spouse receiving Improved Pension) the annual 
income of every child of the veteran who is in the parent-beneficiary's 
custody''. In current Sec.  3.23(d)(4) and (5), this rule is phrased as 
a presumption: ``There is a rebuttable presumption that all of such a 
child's income is available to or for the [parent-beneficiary].'' Using 
a presumption makes this rule far more complicated than it needs to be. 
Moreover, neither the current regulation nor the initially proposed 
part 5 regulation clearly stated that the parent-beneficiary must 
specifically seek to rebut the presumption. Thus, in Sec.  5.411(a), we 
propose to state that the child's income is counted as income to the 
parent-beneficiary unless the parent-beneficiary files a claim to 
exclude all or part of the child's income.
    We also, in paragraph (a), propose to establish a duty on the part 
of VA to provide the proper VA form to describe the bases for the 
exclusions that follow. VA uses VA Form 21-0571, ``Application For 
Exclusion Of Children's Income'', to gather the information needed to 
calculate whether a parent-beneficiary qualifies for an exclusion. Much 
of the specificity that we have added to Sec.  5.411 in this rulemaking 
is derived from that form, and using that form simplifies the process 
and greatly reduces the burden of seeking an exclusion under this rule.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.411(b), we set forth the first basis 
for an exclusion of the child's income, which is that the income is not 
considered available for expenses necessary for reasonable family 
maintenance. We propose to change the term ``reasonably available'' to 
``considered available'' for clarity. This rule is similar to the 
current and initially proposed rules, except that in paragraph (b)(2) 
we provide specific examples of common ways to establish that income is 
not considered available. These examples are derived from current VA 
practice and VA Form 21-0571.
    In Sec.  5.411(c), we describe the hardship exclusion. The 
calculation required under paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) was included 
in the initially proposed rule and is set forth in current Sec.  
3.272(m), but it is not clearly described as a mathematical formula. 
This subsequently proposed rule more clearly shows how VA calculates 
the amount of the hardship exclusion.
    In paragraph (b)(1), we propose to add that annual expenses cannot 
include ``expenses for items such as luxuries, gambling, and 
investments''. This guidance is based on long-standing VA practice and 
will clarify for VA employees what types of expenditures are, or are 
not, necessary to support a reasonable quality of life.
    Finally, we propose to move what was initially proposed as Sec.  
5.411(c), ``Child's earned income'', to Sec.  5.412(a). This provision 
was mistakenly included in Sec.  5.411, but it applied, by its terms, 
to calculating a child's income in all situations. Hence, we have moved 
it to Sec.  5.412(a), where it is more appropriately located. We 
propose to redesignate the paragraphs of initially proposed Sec.  5.412 
to accommodate the new paragraph (a).

Sec.  5.412 Income Exclusions for Calculating Countable Annual Income

    In Osborne v. Nicholson, 21 Vet. App. 223 (2007), the court held 
that ``pursuant to Sec.  3.272(e), the receipt of accrued interest on 
the redemption of a savings bond is `profit realized from the 
disposition of . . . personal property' and is therefore excluded from 
income for VA pension purposes.'' A GC Opinion was issued based on this 
ruling, VAOPGCPREC 2-2010 (May 10, 2010). The GC Opinion stated that 
the holding of Osborne v. Nicholson depended not on the political 
entity that issued the bond, but rather on the terms of the bond. The 
Opinion further stated that ``If a bond requires redemption for the 
payment of accrued interest . . . then the statutory exclusion for 
profit realized from the disposition of real or personal property 
applies. If accrued interest is payable on the bond without redemption, 
then it does not qualify for the exclusion.'' This income exclusion 
also applies to interest received from the surrender of a life 
insurance policy. However, if a bond pays interest semiannually without 
the redemption of such bond, VA will consider the interest received as 
income. The GC Opinion also held that the exclusion of interest 
received from the redemption of a bond applies to income calculations 
in parents' dependency and indemnity

[[Page 71122]]

compensation (DIC), Improved Pension, and Section 306 Pension. Section 
3.262(k) excludes from income the accrued interest received from the 
redemption of a savings bond for purposes of Section 306 Pension and 
parents' DIC to the extent that Sec.  3.272(e) excludes such income in 
Improved Pension. Conversely, there is no profit exclusion for Old-Law 
Pension in Sec.  3.262(k)(3). VA will therefore consider as income the 
interest received from the surrender of a bond or life insurance in 
Old-Law Pension. Although not specifically stated in the Opinion, we 
believe that this exclusion also applies in the income calculation for 
the dependency of a parent for purposes of disability compensation. 
This interpretation is considered to be just and consistent with the 
intent of the statute.
    We therefore propose to incorporate the holding of the GC Opinion 
in proposed Sec.  5.412(e). We also propose to include similar changes 
in Sec. Sec.  5.302(d), ``General income rules--parent's dependency'', 
5.472, ``Evaluation of income for Old-Law Pension and Section 306 
Pension'', and 5.533, ``Income not counted for parent's dependency and 
indemnity compensation.''
    In initially proposing this subpart, we inadvertently omitted Sec.  
3.272(x) (listing ``lump-sum proceeds of any life insurance policy on a 
veteran'' as an item VA will not count when calculating countable 
income for Improved Pension), so we propose to insert Sec.  5.412(l)(8) 
as its part 5 equivalent.
    We propose to move the broad provision proposed as Sec.  
5.412(k)(8) to Sec.  5.412(m).
    Section 604 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 2885 (2010) 
amended 38 U.S.C. 1503(a) to exclude payment of a monetary amount of up 
to $5,000 to a veteran from a State or municipality that is paid as a 
veterans benefit due to injury or disease from countable income for 
purposes of Improved Pension. We propose to add this exclusion as Sec.  
5.412(n).

Sec.  5.413 Income Deductions for Calculating Adjusted Annual Income

    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.413, we determined that 
this section could be clarified. We propose to revise the language, 
particularly in paragraph (b), to more accurately reflect current 
policy. These changes will not alter the legal effect of this section. 
In paragraph (b), we propose to add a cross-reference to Sec.  5.707, 
``Deductible Medical Expenses,'' to be consistent with Sec.  5.474, 
``Deductible Expenses for Section 306 Pension Only'', and Sec.  5.532, 
``Deductions from income for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation.''
    We propose to revise paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (ii). As initially 
proposed, the provision could be interpreted to permit deductions for a 
member of the household ``for whom there is a moral or legal obligation 
of support'' on the part of the beneficiary, irrespective of whether 
that person was a relative of the beneficiary. The part 3 rule, located 
in Sec.  3.272(g)(1) and (2), requires that the person be both a 
relative and a member of the household. We propose to revise Sec.  
5.413(b)(2) so that it accords with the current rule. We also propose 
to correct an error in initially proposed paragraph (b)(2)(i). The 
initially proposed provision and the current rule, Sec.  3.272(g)(1)(i) 
and (ii), refer incorrectly to the veteran's ``spouse'' instead of 
referring to the veteran's ``dependent spouse''.
    In paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (iii), we propose to remove a 
reference to ``just debts'' because ``just debts'' are included in the 
definition of final expenses set forth in paragraph (c)(1).
    We propose to remove the reference to chapter 51 and Sec.  5.551(e) 
in Sec.  5.413(c)(3)(i). The current rule, Sec.  3.272(h)(1)(ii), and 
the authorizing statute, 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(3), only reference 
``expenses not reimbursed under chapter 23 of this title''. We propose 
to revise Sec.  5.413(c)(3)(i) so that it accords with them.
    We also propose to clarify Sec.  5.413(c)(3)(ii) to state that if 
``The expenses of a veteran's last illness were allowed as a medical 
expense deduction on the veteran's pension or parents' dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) account during the veteran's lifetime'', 
then said expenses will not be deducted from a surviving spouse's 
award. This change will follow current VA practice.
    Subsequent to the publication of proposed Sec.  5.413, section 509 
of Public Law 112-154 (2012) amended 38 U.S.C. 1503(a) by adding new 
provisions which set forth in detail what casualty loss reimbursements 
are excludable from countable income for purposes of VA Improved 
Pension. We propose to include these new provisions in Sec.  5.413(d).
    We propose to move Sec.  5.413(e), concerning the treatment of 
gambling losses, to Sec.  5.410(g), because it primarily concerns 
counting income from gambling. Initially proposed paragraph (f) of this 
section is redesignated paragraph (e), accordingly. Initially proposed 
Sec.  5.413(g), which is now Sec.  5.413(f), used the term 
``profession''. The regulation meant a professional practice. We are 
now clarifying this term.

Sec.  5.414 Net Worth Determinations for Improved Pension

    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.414, we determined that 
this section could be clarified by the reorganization and removal of 
unnecessary verbiage. We also propose to provide more detailed 
explanations of when a dependent's net worth is considered and how net 
worth can bar Improved Pension.
    In what is now paragraph (b)(1) (initially proposed paragraph (a)), 
we propose to add the word ``primary'' before residence to clarify that 
VA excludes from net worth only the value of the residence where the 
claimant or beneficiary usually lives, not the value of other 
properties where they may occasionally reside. A claimant or 
beneficiary can only have one primary residence at any given time. The 
term is well understood because a primary residence is considered as a 
legal residence for purpose of income tax and/or acquiring a mortgage. 
We also propose to clarify that the primary residence will not be 
counted as net worth simply because the veteran has moved into a 
nursing home.
    In what is now paragraph (b)(3) (initially proposed paragraph 
(c)(3)), we propose to clarify that the ``child educational exclusion'' 
applies whether the child is a dependent or a claimant in his or her 
own right.
    In Sec.  5.414(d)(2)(i), we propose to clarify that a claimant's 
adjusted annual income includes the adjusted annual income of any 
person whose net worth is considered part of the claimant's net worth. 
These rules were not explicit in the initially proposed rule, but they 
comport with current VA practice and policy and are not inconsistent 
with the initially proposed rule.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.414(d), we determined that there was 
a lack of criteria for determining whether net worth is a bar for 
benefits. To eliminate ambiguity, we propose to establish an $80,000 
guideline and determined that ``it is reasonable to expect that part of 
the claimant's net worth should be used for the claimant's living 
expenses'' when the net worth is $80,000 or more. Having a specific 
dollar amount ensures uniformity and fairness of VA decision-making 
throughout the country. This change is consistent with current 
practice.
    We also propose to revise Sec.  5.414(e) for clarity.

[[Page 71123]]

Sec.  5.415 Effective Dates of Changes in Improved Pension Benefits 
Based on Changes in Net Worth

    We had stated in Sec.  5.415(a) that an increase in a child's net 
worth requires VA to reduce the payment amount of Improved Pension. 
However, if the child's net worth is increased, the removal of his 
dependency from the beneficiary's award may cause an increase in 
payment. Such a situation may occur when the dependent child has income 
and the removal of the child's dependency and his or her income causes 
an increase in the beneficiary's award. We propose to clarify that 
regardless of whether or not the removal of such child's dependency 
results in a higher pension rate, the effective date based on the 
change in net worth is the first day of the year after the year that 
net worth increased. This change is consistent with current practice.

Sec.  5.416 Persons Considered as Dependents for Improved Pension

    We propose to remove the sentence, ``The child need not be living 
with the veteran or surviving spouse to be in custody'', from initially 
proposed Sec.  5.416(b)(1) because the same information is provided in 
what was initially proposed Sec.  5.417(d), now the definition of 
``custody of a child'' in proposed Sec.  5.1. The rule is appropriately 
located in that definition. It is not necessary to Sec.  5.416, which 
pertains to persons considered as dependents.
    We also propose to change ``reasonably contributes'' to ``provides 
reasonable contributions'' in both paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(2), 
because it is the amount of the contributions that must be reasonable, 
not the way that the person provides those contributions.

Sec.  5.417 Child Custody for Purposes of Determining Dependency for 
Improved Pension

    We propose to move the definitions of ``custody'' and ``legal 
responsibility'' to proposed Sec.  5.1, defining ``custody of a 
child''. The remainder of this regulation contains four presumptions 
for determining dependency. We propose to simplify the regulation to 
eliminate redundancy without altering its meaning.

Sec.  5.420 Reporting Periods for Improved Pension

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.420, we stated, ``When calculating 
adjusted annual income, VA counts income that is anticipated or 
received during a specific period, called a `reporting period.' '' We 
have determined that it would be helpful for readers to have a simple 
definition of ``reporting period'' so we propose to insert the 
following definition (based on Sec.  3.661, the current rule regarding 
income reporting): ``A reporting period is a time period established by 
VA during which a claimant or beneficiary must report to VA all income, 
net worth, and adjustments to income.''
    We propose to revise Sec.  5.420(a) to include that a claimant or 
beneficiary may report a change in income or net worth when the change 
occurs. The claimant or beneficiary does not have to wait until the 
beginning of the next reporting period to report the change. This 
change is consistent with current VA practice.

Sec.  5.422 Effective Dates of Changes to Annual Improved Pension 
Payment Amounts Due to a Change in Income

    In paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of initially proposed Sec.  5.422, we 
used the term ``required evidence'' without explaining what the 
evidence should prove. To resolve this potential ambiguity, we propose 
to revise paragraph (b)(2) by replacing ``required evidence'' with 
``evidence showing the dependency''. Likewise, we propose to revise 
(b)(3) by replacing ``required evidence'' with ``evidence showing the 
loss of a dependent''.

Sec.  5.423 Improved Pension Determinations When Expected Annual Income 
Is Uncertain

    We propose to provide a definition for ``expected annual income'' 
in the first sentence of Sec.  5.423(a). We propose to define the term 
as ``the annual income a claimant or beneficiary anticipates receiving 
during a given reporting period.''
    We propose to remove all references in this subpart to the term 
``anticipated income'' and propose to replace it with ``expected 
income''. This proposed change will be for consistency purposes.

Sec.  5.424 Time Limits To Establish Entitlement to Improved Pension or 
To Increase the Annual Improved Pension Amount Based on Income

    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.424, we determined that 
this section can be clarified and shortened by minor reorganization and 
the removal of unnecessary verbiage. We propose to make these changes.

Sec.  5.430 Marriage Date Requirements for Improved Death Pension

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.430(a)(2)(i) referred to veterans of the 
Mexican Border period and World War I. We propose to remove these 
references because there are no longer any surviving veterans of these 
war periods and VA does not anticipate receiving any more Improved 
Death Pension claims from the surviving spouses of these deceased 
veterans. Moreover, if VA does receive such a claim, it could process 
the claim under the controlling statutes, 38 U.S.C. 103(b) and 1541(f).
    We also propose to remove initially proposed Sec.  5.430(b), which 
had concerned the marriage-date requirements of a surviving spouse. 
That paragraph was based on 38 U.S.C. 103(b), which is not limited to 
Improved Pension. We propose to move the rule to Sec.  5.200, 
``Surviving spouse: requirement of valid marriage to veteran.''

Sec.  5.432 Deemed Valid Marriages and Contested Claims for Improved 
Death Pension

    In Sec. Sec.  5.432 and 5.433, we propose to delete the term 
``legal'' as it was used in the initially proposed rule to describe a 
surviving spouse. Although there is no explicit definition of ``legal 
surviving spouse'' in current part 3, the term is used to denote a 
spouse who was legally married to the veteran at the time of the 
veteran's death as contrasted with a deemed valid spouse. This 
distinction has no legal significance in Sec.  5.432 or Sec.  5.433. 
For the same reason, we propose to delete the term ``lawful'' before 
``surviving spouse'' in Sec.  5.539.

Sec.  5.434 Award or Discontinuance of Award of Improved Death Pension 
to a Surviving Spouse Where Improved Death Pension Payments to a Child 
Are Involved

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.434(a)(3) we stated:

    When a surviving spouse establishes eligibility for Improved 
Death Pension but is not entitled because his or her adjusted annual 
income is greater than the maximum annual pension rate or because 
his or her net worth bars entitlement, VA will discontinue the 
child's pension award effective the first day of the month after the 
month for which VA last paid benefits to the surviving spouse.


Consistent with current Sec. Sec.  3.503(a)(9) and 3.657(b)(1), the 
reference to the surviving spouse at the end of Sec.  5.434(a)(3) 
should refer instead to the child. We now propose to correct this 
error.

    In addition, we propose to reorganize Sec.  5.434(b) to improve 
clarity.

Sec.  5.435 Calculating Annual Improved Pension Amounts for a Surviving 
Child

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.435(a) we parenthetically defined the 
term ``personal custodian'' as ``a person legally responsible for the 
child's support''. We propose to add a

[[Page 71124]]

definition of ``custody of a child'' as Sec.  5.1. Therefore, the 
definition initially proposed in this section is superfluous and we 
propose to remove it.

B. Elections of Improved Pension; Old-Law and Section 306 Pension AL83

    In a document published in the Federal Register on December 27, 
2004, we proposed to publish in a new 38 CFR part 5 VA regulations 
governing Old-Law Pension, Section 306 Pension, and elections of 
Improved Pension. 69 FR 77578. The title of this proposed rulemaking 
was ``Elections of Improved Pension: Old-Law and Section 306 Pension'' 
(RIN: AL83). The proposed regulations were based on current regulations 
in 38 CFR part 3, but were revised to reflect plain English and updated 
to reflect current practice. We provided a 60 day comment period that 
ended on February 25, 2005. We received submissions from two 
commenters.

Terminology

    We mean to add the word ``Pension'' after ``Old-Law'' and ``Section 
306'' whenever these two pension programs are mentioned together in a 
single sentence. For example, ``Old-Law and Section 306 Pension'' will 
be rewritten as ``Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension.'' This will 
help readers understand that these two pension benefits are separate 
and distinct programs.
    For consistency purposes in describing whether particular potential 
sources of revenue are considered by VA in calculating a beneficiary's 
income or net worth, we propose to replace the word ``include'' with 
``count'' (or with a commensurate substitute) and ``exclude'' with 
``does not count'' (or with a commensurate substitute).

Comment Relating to a Different Portion of This Rulemaking

    One commenter suggested that a rating decision that reduces a 
rating during a period of hospitalization should be considered void if 
notice of a prior rating decision had not been sent to a veteran at the 
veteran's latest address of record. The commenter used her husband's 
case as an example, stating that his 1990 reduction should be void 
because she alleges that VA did not provide her husband with notice of 
a 1971 rating decision. This comment deals with defective notice and 
the effect it has on the finality of decisions. Accordingly, this 
comment will be discussed with other comments received for RIN 2900-
AL87, ``General Provisions'', in subpart A of this part, which contains 
VA's definition of a ``Final decision'' in proposed Sec.  5.1.

Sec.  5.461 Electing Improved Pension Instead of Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension

    In the initially proposed rule, we proposed to include Sec.  5.461, 
``Electing Improved Pension instead of Old-Law or Section 306 
Pension'', in subpart F of part 5. However, upon further consideration, 
it would be more appropriate to place this regulation in subpart L, 
``Payments and Adjustments to Payments'', along with other rules on 
elections of veterans benefits as Sec.  5.758. Hence, we propose to 
include Sec.  5.461 in our proposed subpart L, initially published in 
the Federal Register on December 27, 2004. 69 FR 77578.

Sec.  5.472 Rating of Income for Old-Law Pension and Section 306 
Pension

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.472(b)(2) defined ``payments'' as ``cash 
and cash equivalents (such as goods and other negotiable instruments) . 
. . '' We propose to revise our definition by replacing the term 
``goods'' with ``checks''. This change is made in order to be 
consistent with our definition of ``payments'' in Sec.  5.370(h) and 
Sec.  5.531(b).

Sec.  5.475 Gaining or Losing a Dependent for Old-Law Pension and 
Section 306 Pension

    For consistency purposes, we propose to revise the heading and the 
regulatory text in Sec.  5.475(b)(2) by replacing ``on or before 
December 31, 1978'' with ``before January 1, 1979''. This change will 
improve clarity in the application of effective dates and is consistent 
with the rest of part 5.

Sec.  5.477 Effective Dates of Reductions and Discontinuances of Old-
Law Pension and Section 306 Pension

    In Sec.  5.477(b), we propose to delete the reference to 
``Sec. Sec.  3.500 through 3.503'' from the regulatory text and replace 
it with a reference to Sec.  5.705, the part 5 regulation that lists 
all of the part 5 regulations governing the effective dates of 
reductions and discontinuances. We propose to revise the regulatory 
text by inserting the words ``appropriate'' and ``as specified'' in 
order to notify readers that the provisions in Sec.  5.705 will 
indicate which effective dates, other than those stated in paragraph 
(a), are applicable to a particular case.

Sec.  5.478 Time Limit To Establish Continuing Entitlement to Old-Law 
Pension or Section 306 Pension

    We propose to revise the regulatory text in Sec.  5.478(a), 
Expected income appears to exceed income limit, by inserting the phrase 
``for that calendar year'' after ``annual income limit'' and inserting 
the word ``calendar'' before ``year effective January 1''. These 
revisions will remove ambiguity and clarify that VA measures income in 
calendar-year units.

Deletion of Withholding Provision, Formerly Under 38 CFR 3.260(b), 
Computation of Income

    In addition, we note that under 38 CFR 3.260(b) (the current rule 
upon which Sec.  5.478(a) is based), VA has the authority to withhold 
payments if that income will exceed the statutory limit. However, this 
withholding provision only applied to new claims for Old-Law Pension 
and Section 306 Pension. Since such claims have been barred by statute 
since 1979 (see Public Law 95-588, sec. 306(a), 92 Stat. 2508 (1978)), 
there is no need to include the provision in part 5.

XII. Subpart G: Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Death 
Compensation, Accrued Benefits, and Special Rules Applicable Upon Death 
of a Beneficiary

A. Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Benefits AL89

    In a document published in the Federal Register on October 21, 
2005, we proposed to revise Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) 
regulations governing dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) 
benefits, to be published in a new 38 CFR part 5. 70 FR 61326. We 
provided a 60-day comment period that ended December 21, 2005. We 
received submissions from four commenters: Disabled American Veterans, 
Vietnam Veterans of America, National Organization of Veterans' 
Advocates, and one from a member of the general public.

Sec.  5.500 Proof of Death

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.500 described the types of evidence VA 
will accept as proof of death. We propose to revise this provision to 
explain that, where the rule lists more than one type of evidence that 
VA will accept as proof of death, VA requires the first-listed type of 
evidence, if obtainable. If the first-listed document is not 
obtainable, VA will accept the next-listed type of evidence that is 
obtainable. This clarification reflects VA's established practice. With 
respect to matters that are ordinarily documented by official public 
records, such as death, VA's long-standing practice is to require the 
official records that VA considers most reliable to establish those 
facts, if such records are available. We believe that it is helpful to 
state this principle in proposed

[[Page 71125]]

Sec.  5.500 and we propose to revise it accordingly. In accordance with 
its duty to assist, VA will assist claimants as necessary in seeking to 
obtain the types of evidence needed to establish the fact of death.

Sec.  5.504 Service-Connected Cause of Death

    All four of the comments received concerned the provisions of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.504. This proposed section defined a 
service-connected disability for purposes of determining entitlement to 
VA death benefits, and provided the rules for determining if a 
veteran's death is service connected. The AL89 NPRM, omitted the 
following sentence from 38 CFR 3.312(a), ``[t]he issue involved will be 
determined by exercise of sound judgment, without recourse to 
speculation, after a careful analysis has been made of all the facts 
and circumstances surrounding the death of the veteran, including, 
particularly, autopsy reports.'' This language is unnecessary in 
proposed Sec.  5.504 because it mainly restates the generally 
applicable principle that VA decisions will be based on a review of the 
entire record. See 38 U.S.C. 5107(b) and 38 CFR 3.102. We have stated 
this in proposed Sec.  5.4(b), ``Claims adjudication polices''. 
Regarding avoiding ``speculation'', we have stated this concept in 
proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(6). Regarding the ``exercise of sound judgment'', 
and conducting a ``careful analysis'', these duties are inherent in any 
adjudication process and where a claimant disagrees with the judgment 
or analysis of a VA adjudicator, he or she may appeal the decision. We 
therefore believe it is unnecessary to include this language in our 
regulations.
    One commenter was concerned with the provision in initially 
proposed Sec.  5.504(b)(1)(ii) that states, ``[f]or purposes of this 
section, VA will deem a sudden death in service from trauma to have 
been preceded by disability from the trauma.'' This commenter stated 
that the sentence we initially proposed ``is unnecessarily logically 
convoluted and restrictive, is legally insufficient, and is in fact 
altogether unnecessary.'' He suggests as alternative language, ``[f]or 
purposes of this section, a death in service is service-connected 
[sic], provided the death was in line of duty and was not due to the 
servicemember's own willful misconduct.''
    We agree in part with the commenter's concerns. Part of this 
sentence is somewhat convoluted and could be read as restrictive. We 
propose to revise the sentence for the reasons explained in the 
following paragraphs.
    The purpose of this sentence in the proposed rule is to preclude 
the interpretation that a traumatic death in service is so sudden that 
it does not produce a disability before death. This provision is 
necessary because Title 38 of the United States Code requires that to 
be service-connected, a death in service must result from a disability 
incurred or aggravated in service. ``The term 'service-connected' means 
. . . that the death resulted from a disability incurred or aggravated, 
in line of duty in the active military, naval, or air service'', 38 
U.S.C. 101(16). For a surviving spouse or dependent to be eligible for 
many VA benefits due to a servicemember's death in service, the 
person's death must be a result of a disability ``incurred or 
aggravated, in line of duty in the active military, naval, or air 
service''. 38 U.S.C. 101(16); see also 38 U.S.C. 1310, 2307, 3500, and 
3701.
    We agree with the commenter that the sentence may be construed to 
be restrictive if not read carefully. This is due primarily to use of 
the words ``trauma'' and ``sudden''. Accordingly, we propose to remove 
the phrases ``from trauma'' and ``from the trauma'' and the word 
``sudden'' in the subject sentence in proposed Sec.  5.504(b)(1)(ii).
    The revised proposed sentence now reads, ``[f]or purposes of this 
section, VA will presume that a death that occurred in line of duty was 
preceded by disability.'' This will make clear VA's intent that the 
presumption applies to all deaths that occur in line of duty. We 
substituted ``line of duty'' for ``in service'' to reflect the 
requirement in 38 U.S.C. 105 and 1110 that disability must be incurred 
in the line of duty in order to be service connected.
    Three commenters expressed concern with the provisions of initially 
proposed Sec.  5.504(c), regarding service connection for the cause of 
death when the service-connected disability hastens death. The 
commenters stated that the proposed revisions in Sec.  5.504 were more 
restrictive than the provisions in current 38 CFR 3.312. To avoid such 
a misinterpretation, we are retaining the provisions of Sec.  3.312(c). 
Accordingly, we are inserting the exact wording of Sec.  3.312(c) into 
proposed Sec.  5.504(c)(2).

Sec.  5.510 Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--Basic Entitlement

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.510 stated that in order to be entitled 
to dependency and indemnity compensation a survivor of the veteran 
``must be otherwise qualified'' for this benefit. We propose to delete 
the terms ``otherwise qualified'' and ``qualified'' from proposed Sec.  
5.510. To say that a survivor of a veteran must be qualified is 
redundant of other VA provisions that state the requirements that must 
be met in order to be considered a dependent of the deceased veteran.
    In proposed Sec.  5.510(b)(2), to be consistent with the Federal 
Register Document Drafting Handbook, page 1-19, we propose to change 
the order of the references to list the United States Code first. In 
addition, we propose to correct the authority citation at the end of 
proposed Sec.  5.510.

Sec.  5.511 Special Monthly Dependency and Indemnity Compensation

    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.511(a) to clarify 
that entitlement to this benefit is determined based on whether the 
surviving spouse or parent needs regular aid and attendance. 
Determinations of the need for aid and attendance will be made under 
the criteria in proposed Sec.  5.320.

Sec.  5.520 Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--Time of Marriage 
Requirements for Surviving Spouses

    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.520(b)(1)(iii) and 
(b)(2)(ii) by adding the words, ``was born to them'' between ``marriage 
or'' and ``before the marriage'' in both places it appears. These 
changes are made to ensure that readers understand that the child VA is 
referring to is a child of a veteran and spouse, not a veteran's 
stepchild. This is the same wording used in part 3.
    In the NPRM to this rulemaking we stated that ``Proposed Sec.  
5.520 is based on portions of current Sec.  3.54 and applicable 
statutory provisions. . .'' However, it is also based on Sec.  3.22(d), 
which is substantially the same as Sec.  3.54.

Sec. Sec.  5.521 Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Benefits for 
Survivors of Certain Veterans Rated Totally Disabled at Time of Death, 
and 5.523 Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Rate for a Surviving 
Spouse

    In the NPRM, we reserved Sec. Sec.  5.521 and 5.523 as the eventual 
locations for rules concerning entitlement to DIC for survivors of 
certain veterans rated totally disabled at the time of death and 
concerning the rates of DIC payments to surviving spouses. We explained 
that, when the NPRM was issued, rulemaking was pending to amend the 
provisions in part 3, Code of Federal Regulations, involving those 
matters, and that we would incorporate those part 3 provisions in this 
final rule once the pending part 3 changes were made.

[[Page 71126]]

Because those part 3 changes have now been made, as explained below, we 
propose to add the corresponding provisions in part 5.
    VA issued a final rule in December 2005 amending its part 3 
regulations in response to the decision in Nat'l Org. of Veterans' 
Advocates, Inc. v. Sec'y of Veterans Affairs, 314 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 
2003). This final rule (see 70 FR 72211, Dec. 2, 2005) revised Sec.  
3.22(b) to clarify the meaning of the phrase ``entitled to receive'' 
for purposes of determining whether a veteran's survivors are entitled 
to benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1318, ``Benefits for survivors of certain 
veterans rated totally disabled at time of death''. This final rule 
also revised provisions previously in Sec.  3.5(e) relating to the 
rates of DIC payable to surviving spouses and moved those provisions 
into Sec.  3.10.
    VA completed another rulemaking in 2006, implementing section 301 
of the Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004. Section 301 amended 
38 U.S.C. 1311, Dependency and indemnity compensation to a surviving 
spouse, by adding subsection (e) (amended to be subsection (f) by 
section 4 of Pub. L. 109-361, 120 Stat. 2062 (2006)), providing a $250 
increase in the monthly rate of DIC to which a surviving spouse with 
one or more children below age 18 is entitled. The increased rate is 
payable for the 2-year period beginning on the date entitlement to DIC 
began and ends the first month after the month all children of the 
surviving spouse attain age 18. This statutory change was incorporated 
as Sec.  3.10(e)(4). See 71 FR 44915, Aug. 8, 2006.
    In anticipation of these regulatory changes, VA reserved Sec. Sec.  
5.521 and 5.523 in the NPRM for this regulation rewrite segment. We 
propose to incorporate the current versions of Sec. Sec.  3.22 and 3.10 
(as amended), as proposed Sec. Sec.  5.521 and 5.523, respectively. In 
addition, we propose to remove the reference to, ``Sec.  5.521 
(Reserved) and Sec.  5.523 (Reserved)''. As noted in the NPRM and this 
proposed notice, the provisions of current Sec.  3.22(d) are 
incorporated in proposed Sec.  5.520 and the provisions of current 
Sec.  3.22(e) and (f) are incorporated in proposed Sec.  5.522(a), (b), 
and (c)(4).
    Current 38 CFR 3.22(a)(2)(iii) implements 38 U.S.C. 1318(b)(3) 
which states that VA will pay death benefits to the surviving spouse or 
children in the same manner as if the veteran's death were service-
connected if the veteran's death was not the result of his or her own 
willful misconduct and at the time of death, the veteran was receiving, 
or was entitled to receive, compensation for service-connected 
disability that was rated by VA as totally disabling for a continuous 
period of not less than 1 year immediately preceding death, if the 
veteran was a former prisoner of war who died after September 30, 1999. 
Section 603 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 2885 (2010) amended 
section 1318(b)(3) by removing the requirement that the veteran have 
died after September 30, 1999, so we have omitted this requirement from 
Sec.  5.521(a)(2)(iii).

Sec.  5.524 Awards of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Benefits to 
Children When There Is a Retroactive Award to a Schoolchild

    We propose to make changes to initially proposed Sec.  5.524 to 
reduce wordiness and enhance clarity. For example, paragraph (a), as 
initially proposed, stated: ``The total amount payable to the children, 
which varies according to the number of children, is divided and paid 
to the children in equal shares.'' We propose to revise that sentence 
to state: ``The total amount VA pays to a child depends on the number 
of children, and the amount is paid to each child in equal shares.'' 
Further, we propose to add the term ``currently'' to paragraph (a)(1) 
to clarify that the exception stated in proposed Sec.  5.524 only 
applies when, at the time DIC is reestablished for the additional 
child, other children are receiving running DIC awards.
    We propose to delete the term ``eligible'' as it applies to child 
in proposed Sec.  5.524. To state that dependency and indemnity 
compensation is payable to an eligible child is redundant of other VA 
regulations that state the requirements of a dependent. For this same 
reason, we propose to make similar changes in proposed Sec.  5.536 to 
the term ``eligible parents''.
    We additionally propose to reword paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) to 
enhance reader comprehension. The rewording of proposed Sec.  5.524(a) 
will make this regulation more comprehensible to the average reader.
    Proposed Sec.  5.524(b) deals with retroactive payments and payment 
dates for additional children who successfully reestablish DIC 
entitlement. Upon further review, we determined that rewording the 
paragraph would make it easier to understand. We intend no change in 
the meaning of paragraph (b).

Sec.  5.525 Awards of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation When Not 
All Dependents Apply

    In NPRM AM06, ``Payments and Adjustments to Payments''; 73 FR 
65212, Oct. 31, 2008, we included proposed Sec.  5.696, ``Awards of 
dependency and indemnity compensation when not all dependents apply''. 
In preparing this proposed rule, we have determined that because it 
concerns only dependency and indemnity compensation benefits, this 
section more logically belongs in part 5, subpart G, which is titled, 
``Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Death Compensation, Accrued 
Benefits, and Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a Beneficiary''. 
We therefore propose to move this section into subpart G, renumbering 
it as proposed Sec.  5.525.

Sec.  5.530 Eligibility for, and Payment of, a Parent's Dependency and 
Indemnity Compensation

    We propose to correct the authority citation at the end of 
initially proposed Sec.  5.530 so that the United States Code sections 
are in chronological order.

5.533 Income Not Counted for Parent's Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation

    In the preamble for initially proposed Sec.  5.302, 70 FR 61326, 
61336, (Oct. 21, 2005), we explained our omission of the first sentence 
of Sec.  3.262(j)(2) as an unnecessary specific instance of a broader 
general rule in 5.302(a) that encompasses the specific rule. The second 
sentence of Sec.  3.262(e) is analogous to Sec.  3.262(j)(2) and 
unnecessary for the same reason. The preamble to initially proposed 
explained our omission of the third sentence of Sec.  3.262(e)(4). 
Without the third sentence, the fourth sentence is moot without the 
third sentence, because it provides a process to implement after 
implementing the third sentence.

Sec.  5.535 Adjustments to a Parent's Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation When Income Changes

    In reviewing the AL89 NPRM, we determined that we failed to 
incorporate Sec.  3.660(b)(2) in initially proposed Sec.  5.535. The 
concept of anticipated income is different from that of actual income. 
This is because a beneficiary's actual income may be less than his 
anticipated income. VA may learn of this in any of the following ways: 
(1) Actual income is reported by the parent on an eligibility 
verification report (EVR); (2) VA requests a statement from the parent 
of their actual income at anytime; or (3) The parent notifies VA of 
income changes on their own.
    We therefore propose to insert the rules from Sec.  3.660(b)(2) 
into proposed Sec.  5.535.

[[Page 71127]]

Sec.  5.536 Parent's Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Rates

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.536(d) we intended only to restate 
current Sec.  3.251(a)(4), but we inadvertently misstated that 
provision. Section 3.251(a)(4) does not purport to apply only if there 
is one eligible parent. Instead, it states that if a parent's 
remarriage ends, the parent will be paid at the rate for one parent 
alone or for two parents not living together, whichever is applicable. 
This means that the parent will be paid at the ``one parent'' rate if 
there is no other eligible parent, or at the ``two parents not living 
together rate'' if the other parent is alive. Initially proposed Sec.  
5.536(d) limited this rule to cases where there is only one parent and 
stated that VA will pay at the ``one parent'' rate if the remarriage 
ends or at the ``two parents not living together'' rate if the parent 
is separated from his or her spouse. We propose to revise initially 
proposed paragraph (d) so that it is now consistent with Sec.  
3.251(a)(4).

Note Regarding Sec.  5.573 Through Sec.  5.579.

    In the NPRM for AL89, we included Sec. Sec.  5.573 through 5.579. 
We received no comments on these sections. To cut down on the length of 
this rulemaking, we chose to include those sections in the rule segment 
to the companion rulemaking, RIN 2900-AL71, Accrued Benefits and 
Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a Beneficiary, published as NPRM 
at 69 FR 59071, Oct. 1, 2004. Any technical corrections or changes in 
terminology made to these regulations are included there. Thus 
initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.573 and 5.574 have been removed from 
this proposed subpart, as well as the reference to reserving proposed 
Sec. Sec.  5.575-5.579.

Technical Corrections and Changes in Terminology

    The changes in terminology in this proposed rulemaking are made 
primarily for purpose of achieving consistency throughout our part 5 
regulations. Except as otherwise provided in this preamble, no 
substantive changes are intended by these changes made in terminology.
    According to paragraph 12.9 of the Government Printing Office Style 
Manual, numerals rather than words are used when referring to units of 
measurement and time. Therefore, we substituted the numeral ``7'' for 
the word ``seven'' in proposed Sec.  5.503(b). Likewise, we substituted 
the numeral ``1'' for the word ``one'' in proposed Sec.  
5.520(b)(1)(ii) and (b)(2)(i).
    To be consistent in style with the rest of part 5, we propose to 
change ``DIC'' to ``dependency and indemnity compensation'' if it was 
used in a heading to a regulation section in the NPRM. We also propose 
to change the headings in proposed Sec. Sec.  5.521 and 5.535 
accordingly. Similarly, ``dependency and indemnity compensation'' was 
changed to ``dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC)'' the first 
time it appears in each section, if we did not do so in the NPRM. We 
propose to make this change in proposed Sec.  5.531(c) and the 
introductory paragraph to proposed Sec.  5.533. Likewise, we propose to 
change ``dependency and indemnity compensation'' to ``DIC'' the second 
and subsequent times it appeared in each section, if we had not already 
done so in the NPRM. We propose to make such changes to proposed Sec.  
5.523(a) and (e)(4).
    To clarify that only one parent is required to apply for DIC, not 
both, we propose to change the heading of the undesignated center 
heading entitled, ``Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--Eligibility 
Requirements and Payment Rules for Parents,'' to, ``Dependency and 
Indemnity Compensation--Eligibility Requirements and Payment Rules for 
a Parent''. Also, where appropriate to make this requirement more 
apparent, we propose to change references from ``parents'' to ``a 
parent,'' except where the context clearly encompasses both parents or 
all parents in receipt of DIC.
    To be consistent with other regulations in part 5, we propose to 
change the phrases, ``[t]he amount to be offset includes'' and ``[t]he 
amount to be offset excludes'' to ``VA will count in the amount to be 
offset'' and ``VA will not count in the amount to be offset'' in each 
place they appeared in the NPRM in initially proposed Sec.  5.522(c)(1) 
through (4). For the same reason, in (c)(1) we propose to change 
``excluded'' to ``not counted'', in (c)(2) we changed ``[t]his 
includes'' to ``VA will also count'', and in (c)(3) we changed 
``included'' to ``counted''. Similarly, in Sec.  5.531(a) and (b), we 
propose to change the word ``included'' to the phrase or word, ``are 
counted'' or ``counted'', as appropriate. Finally, we propose to change 
the heading of initially proposed Sec.  5.533 from ``Exclusions from 
income'' to ``Income not counted for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation,'' and in initially proposed Sec.  5.533(i)(2), we propose 
to change the phrase, ``be excluded'' to ``not be counted.''

B. Accrued Benefits, Death Compensation, and Special Rules Applicable 
Upon Death of a Beneficiary AL71

    In a document published in the Federal Register on October 1, 2004, 
we proposed to revise Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) regulations 
governing accrued benefits and special rules applicable upon death of a 
beneficiary, to be published in a new 38 CFR part 5. 69 FR 59072. We 
provided a 60-day comment period that ended November 30, 2004. We 
received submissions from two commenters: Vietnam Veterans of America 
and a member of the general public.

Sec.  5.538 Effective Date of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation 
Award

    In initially proposed AL71, we placed all the dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) effective date provisions at the end of 
subpart G, ``Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Death Compensation, 
Accrued Benefits, and Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a 
Beneficiary''. We have determined that they will be easier to locate if 
they appear after the series of regulations on DIC, rather than after 
the series of regulations on accrued benefits. Therefore, we propose to 
renumber the sections initially proposed as Sec. Sec.  5.567 through 
5.574 as Sec. Sec.  5.538 through 5.545.
    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.538 to identify 
dates as ``effective dates'' instead of ``payment dates'' to be 
consistent with other provisions in part 5.
    In Sec.  5.538(a)(1)(i), we propose to change the phrase, ``If VA 
receives a claim for [DIC] within one year from'' to ``If VA grants DIC 
based on a claim received no later than 1 year after''. In proposing 
this rule, we incorrectly omitted the relevant event of VA granting the 
benefit. In addition, because VA considers a claim for death pension to 
also be a claim for DIC, it could be misleading to imply that the claim 
must be for DIC. For the same reasons, we propose to make conforming 
changes to paragraphs (a)(2), (b)(1), (b)(2), (d)(1), and (d)(2) of 
Sec.  5.538.
    In Sec.  5.538(a)(1)(ii), we propose to add the words, ``based on a 
report of actual death'' to be consistent with current Sec.  
3.400(c)(1), the part 3 equivalent to this section, and to correct an 
omission from the initially proposed rule. We also propose to add the 
words, ``any of the veteran's following military entitlements'' and 
reformat the sentence. This revision will ensure that there is no 
confusion between military

[[Page 71128]]

entitlements and other benefits titled allowances, allotments, or 
service pay.
    In Sec.  5.538(d)(2), we propose to change cross-references to 
Sec. Sec.  5.230 and 5.696 to exceptions, in order to be as specific as 
possible and eliminate confusion. We begin the proposed rule by stating 
``Except as otherwise provided in this part'' and end with the cross-
references in an attempt to imply that the cross-references are the 
exceptions.
    In Sec.  5.538(e), we propose to add Sec.  5.230 as an exception to 
correct an omission from the initially proposed rule.

Sec.  5.539 Discontinuance of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation to 
a Person No Longer Recognized as the Veteran's Surviving Spouse

    In Sec.  5.539 (initially proposed 5.568), we propose to revise 
paragraph (a) so that it clearly requires the discontinuance of DIC 
payments to a former payee when VA recognizes that a new payee is 
eligible for DIC based on the same veteran. In the initially proposed 
rule, we inadvertently addressed the effective date of such 
discontinuance without also directing that such discontinuance occur.
    We propose to delete from paragraph (b) language referring to 
periods on or after December 1, 1962. Because part 5 will apply only 
prospectively, not retroactively, the language is unnecessary.
    We also propose to revise the language in paragraph (b)(1) that had 
stated that ``the award to the former payee will be terminated the day 
preceding the effective date of the award to the new payee'' to state 
instead that ``the award to the former payee will be discontinued on 
the effective date of the new payee's DIC award''. We propose to revise 
the language to conform to our practice in part 5 of referring to the 
first date that a new rate or benefit is paid, instead of referring to 
the last date on which a prior rate or benefit is paid.
    We propose to delete paragraph (b)(3), which had contained an 
exception to the effective-date provisions when the discontinuance of 
DIC payments is due to a change in, or in the interpretation of, the 
law or an administrative issue, from this regulation. That provision 
was redundant of Sec.  5.152, which was published as proposed on May 
22, 2007. See 72 FR 28769.

Sec.  5.540 Effective Date and Payment Adjustment Rules for Award or 
Discontinuance of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation to a Surviving 
Spouse Where Payments to a Child Are Involved

    In Sec.  5.540 (initially proposed 5.569), We propose to reorganize 
this section for clarity by incorporating much of the introductory 
material initially proposed in paragraph (a) into the paragraphs that 
follow. This revision simplifies the section without changing the 
meaning or intent.

Sec.  5.541 Effective Date of Reduction of a Surviving Spouse's 
Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Due to Recertification of Pay 
Grade

    In Sec.  5.541, (initially proposed 5.570), we propose to delete 
paragraphs (a) and (b) because those paragraphs were redundant of 
Sec. Sec.  5.197, ``Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of 
Improved Pension, compensation, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation due to marriage or remarriage'', and 5.231, ``Effective 
date of reduction or discontinuance: child reaches age 18 or 23'', 
which were published as proposed on September 20, 2006. 71 FR 55052, 
55067, 55073. We also propose to change the title of the regulation to 
accurately describe the revised content.
    One commenter suggested that VA should add language to Sec.  5.541 
(initially proposed Sec.  5.570(c)) to inform readers that the 
reduction of DIC based on recertification of a pay grade to a level 
lower than the one originally certified would not result in an 
overpayment of monthly DIC benefits paid to a veteran's survivors based 
on the pay grade previously in effect. We did not include such language 
in the initially proposed rule because a reduction under Sec.  5.541 
will always involve a future and not a retroactive adjustment in DIC 
benefit payments. No overpayment is created because of the prospective 
nature of the reduction. However, we propose to reword the provision to 
clarify that the reduction will be ``effective the first day of the 
month after the month for which VA last paid the greater benefit''.

Sec.  5.542 Effective Date of an Award or an Increased Rate Based on 
Decreased Income: Parents' Dependency and Indemnity Compensation

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.571(c), we referred to time limits 
contained in a ``regulation that [would] be published in a future 
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking'' based on current Sec.  3.660(b)(1). 
That regulation, Sec.  5.535, was published as proposed on October 21, 
2005. See 70 FR 61326. To simplify the material and eliminate 
redundancy, we propose to combine proposed Sec. Sec.  5.535 and 5.571 
into a single section, Sec.  5.542.

Sec.  5.543 Effective Date of Reduction or Discontinuance Based on 
Increased Income: Parents' Dependency and Indemnity Compensation

    In proposed Sec.  5.543 (initially proposed 5.572), we propose to 
reorganize the material into two paragraphs instead of four to simplify 
the structure of the regulation. Also, we propose to change the 
language in initially proposed paragraph (b) stating that a reduction 
or discontinuance would be effective at ``the end of the month in which 
income increased'' to refer instead to ``the first day of the month 
after the month in which the income increased or is expected to 
increase''. We propose to revise the language to conform with our 
practice in part 5 of referring to the first date a new rate is paid 
instead of referring to the last date on which a prior rate is paid.

Sec. Sec.  5.544 Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Rate Adjustments 
When an Additional Survivor Files a Claim, and 5.545 Effective Dates of 
Awards and Discontinuances of Special Monthly Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation

    When these initially proposed rules were published in the Federal 
Register on October 1, 2004, we proposed to reserve Sec. Sec.  5.573 
and 5.574 for future regulations. 69 FR 59072. In the second package of 
proposed rules for this subpart G published on October 21, 2005, we 
designated Sec.  5.573 as ``Effective date of dependency and indemnity 
compensation rate adjustments when an additional survivor files an 
application'', and Sec.  5.574 as ``Effective dates of awards and 
discontinuances of special monthly dependency and indemnity 
compensation.'' 70 FR 61326, 61348. We received no comments regarding 
these two sections. As discussed above, we propose to renumber the 
sections, initially proposed as Sec. Sec.  5.573 and 5.574, as 
Sec. Sec.  5.544 and 5.545 respectively.
    We propose to move the exception (stated in initially proposed 
Sec.  5.573(e)) referring to Sec.  5.524 to the introductory paragraph 
of Sec.  5.544. This prominent position will more effectively alert 
readers to the exception.
    Also in Sec.  5.544, we propose to delete paragraph (a)(2) and 
reorganize the remainder of paragraph (a) into a single paragraph. The 
condition contained in initially proposed paragraph (a)(2)--that

[[Page 71129]]

payment to the additional survivor would reduce the benefit being paid 
to the other survivors--is always true when the benefit is DIC; 
therefore, stating it as a condition is unnecessary in proposed Sec.  
5.544. The language proposed in paragraph (a)(2) is derived from 
current Sec.  3.650(a) and is necessary in that section because it 
applies to pension and compensation as well as DIC.
    In Sec.  5.545(a)(2), we propose to delete the word ``basic'' from 
before ``DIC''. Part 5 will not use the term ``basic DIC'' to 
distinguish DIC from special monthly DIC because use of the term 
``basic DIC'', which is not used elsewhere in part 5, was likely to 
confuse a reader. Instead, we will distinguish the benefits by 
referring to ``DIC'' and ``special monthly DIC''. We also propose to 
simplify the paragraph by eliminating initially proposed paragraph 
(a)(2)(i). Initially proposed paragraph (a)(2) provided that the 
effective date would be ``the later of the following dates: (i) [t]he 
effective date of the . . . DIC award, or (ii) [t]he date entitlement 
to special monthly DIC arose.'' Unless the two dates are the same, the 
date entitlement to special monthly DIC arose will always be the later 
date, so it is unnecessary to refer to the effective date of the DIC 
award.
    We propose to redesignate initially proposed Sec.  5.574(a)(3), 
which was based on current Sec.  3.402(c)(2) and the last sentence of 
Sec.  3.404, as a new paragraph Sec.  5.545(c). We have also reworded 
the paragraph in order to specify that special monthly dependency and 
indemnity compensation based on the need for aid and attendance will 
not be paid if the surviving parent or surviving spouse is receiving 
hospital care in his or her own right as a veteran. The rewording of 
this paragraph is made for clarity.

Changes From Proposed Sec. Sec.  5.550 Through 5.559 Based Upon a 
Change in the Implementation of Part 5

    When we began writing part 5, we planned to remove part 3 from 
title 38, CFR, such that all claims for benefits, and the 
administration of such benefits, would be governed by part 5. 
Accordingly, many of the part 5 regulations were written and proposed 
with that concept in mind. Since then, we determined that it would be 
better to retain the part 3 regulations for the adjudication of claims 
received before the applicability date of the part 5 regulations. Thus, 
we would apply the part 5 regulations only to claims received on or 
after the applicability date of the part 5 regulations.
    Specifically, when we initially proposed the accrued-benefits 
regulations, we anticipated that they would apply to all claims, 
including those filed before December 16, 2003, and those in which 
death of the beneficiary occurred before December 16, 2003. The 
proposed rules distinguished claims for accrued benefits filed before 
December 16, 2003, from claims for accrued benefits filed on or after 
that date. The rules also contained effective dates relevant to the 
distinction between claims filed before versus after December 16, 2003. 
We received comments concerning the substance of these issues, but 
these comments are no longer relevant because we have removed the 
provisions.
    Part 5 will not be in effect before 2013. A claim for accrued 
benefits must be filed no later than 1 year after the date of the 
beneficiary's death. Therefore, part 5 will not apply to claims for 
accrued benefits based on a death before 2004. We propose to revise the 
rules accordingly.
    For the above reason, we propose to revise the definition of 
``accrued benefits'' (initially proposed in Sec.  5.550, now in 
proposed Sec.  5.1) and delete initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.556, 
5.558, and 5.559. As discussed further below, we also propose to delete 
initially proposed Sec.  5.554. Because we are proposing to delete 
initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.554 and 5.556, we propose to renumber 
proposed Sec.  5.555 as Sec.  5.554, and proposed Sec.  5.557 as Sec.  
5.555. We propose to reserve Sec. Sec.  5.556, 5.557, 5.558, and 5.559.
    One comment pertained to initially proposed Sec.  5.556 and its 2-
year limitation on the payment of accrued benefits on cases in which 
the beneficiary had died before December 16, 2003. The commenter 
explained that she was a surviving spouse receiving dependency and 
indemnity compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1151 because of a death caused 
by VA medical treatment and that the veteran had been receiving VA 
disability compensation during his lifetime. The commenter felt that 
where VA medical care had hastened a veteran's death so that the 
veteran did not live until December 16, 2003, VA should pay the full 
amount of accrued benefits without regard to the 2-year limitation. The 
Veterans Benefits Act of 2003, Public Law 108-183, sec. 104, 117 Stat. 
2651, 2657, was signed into law on December 16, 2003, and removed the 
2-year limitation on payment of accrued benefits with respect to deaths 
occurring on or after that date. See 38 U.S.C. 5121. VA has no 
authority to pay more than 2 years of accrued benefits for deaths 
occurring before December 16, 2003. We propose to make no changes based 
on this comment because we do not have the authority to change the 
regulations as the commenter wants. However, as discussed above, we 
propose to delete initially proposed Sec.  5.556 because it was 
intended to apply only to claims based upon the death of a beneficiary 
occurring before December 16, 2003.

Sec.  5.550 [Reserved]

    In Sec.  5.550, we initially proposed several definitions. We have 
determined that the definitions are either unnecessary or more 
appropriately placed elsewhere in part 5. So we propose to delete the 
initially proposed text and reserve Sec.  5.550.
    We propose to move the definition of ``accrued benefits'' to Sec.  
5.1, the definition of ``claim for benefits pending on the date of 
death'' to Sec.  5.1, and the definition of ``evidence in the file on 
the date of death'' to Sec.  5.1 because these definitions apply to all 
of part 5.
    We initially proposed a definition of ``deceased beneficiary'' to 
distinguish that person from the living beneficiary claiming survivor's 
benefits. See 69 FR 59076, Oct. 1, 2004. We have since concluded that 
the definition is superfluous because it adds nothing to the plain 
meaning of the term ``deceased beneficiary''. Where the regulations 
refer to a ``deceased beneficiary'', the term is clear in context.
    The initially proposed definitions of ``child'' and ``dependent 
parent'' contained references to the general definitions of those terms 
(contained elsewhere in part 5) and rules limiting the application of 
the general definitions for purposes of accrued benefits. The 
references to the general definitions are unnecessary, and the rules 
limiting the definitions are more appropriately placed in Sec.  
5.551(a). We therefore propose to revise the rule limiting the 
definition of ``child'' to more accurately reflect the content of 
current Sec.  3.1000(d)(2) upon which the rule is based.
    Similarly, the initially proposed definition of ``surviving 
spouse'' contained a reference to the general definition contained 
elsewhere in part 5 and a rule limiting the application of the general 
definition for purposes of accrued benefits. The reference to the 
general definition is unnecessary, and the rule limiting the definition 
is more appropriately placed in Sec. Sec.  5.551(b) and 5.566(d)(1). In 
relocating the rule, we propose to not repeat the language contained in 
initially proposed Sec.  5.550(h)(2)(i) regarding date-of-marriage 
requirements for DIC and

[[Page 71130]]

death compensation. Although initially proposed Sec.  5.550(h)(2)(i) 
was based on a reference to date-of-marriage requirements in Sec.  
3.1000(d)(1), a surviving spouse could never claim accrued benefits 
based on DIC, so the language was superfluous.
    As stated in the preamble of the AL71 NPRM, the U.S. Court of 
Appeals for Veterans Claims in Bonny v. Principi, 16 Vet. App. 504 
(2002) interpreted 38 U.S.C. 5121(a) as establishing a class of 
benefits known as ``benefits awarded, but unpaid at death''. 69 FR 
59072, 59074, Oct. 1, 2004. Although we initially proposed to define 
``benefits awarded, but unpaid at death'' in proposed Sec.  5.550, we 
have determined that it is unnecessary to include rules on such 
benefits in part 5. As stated in the preamble to RIN 2900-AL71, ``These 
proposed rules also apply to claims for benefits awarded, but unpaid at 
death, if the deceased beneficiary died prior to December 16, 2003, and 
a claim for such benefits was pending on December 16, 2003.'' Any claim 
pending on that date would be processed under part 3, not part 5, so 
there is no need to include such provisions in part 5. We therefore 
propose to remove all references to ``benefits awarded, but unpaid at 
death'' from part 5.

Sec.  5.551 Persons Entitled to Accrued Benefits

    In Sec.  5.551(c)(2) and (d)(1), we propose to add the sentence, 
``[i]f there is no eligible claimant, such accrued benefits are payable 
to the extent provided in paragraph (f) of this section.'' We propose 
to add this sentence for consistency with paragraphs Sec.  5.551(e)(1) 
and (f) and to ensure proper disposition of the accrued benefits.
    We propose to clarify initially proposed Sec.  5.551(e), now 
redesignated as paragraph (f). Title 38 CFR 3.1000(a)(5) uses the 
phrase ``last sickness or burial'' instead of ``last sickness and 
burial''. However, in initially proposed Sec.  5.551(e), we used the 
phrase ``last illness and/or burial'' without providing an explanation 
for this change. Title 38 U.S.C. 5121(a)(6) states, ``accrued benefits 
may be paid . . . to reimburse the person who bore the expense of last 
sickness and burial.'' VA interprets the word ``and'' as used in the 
statute to mean ``or''. We do not believe that Congress intended to 
require that a person have paid expenses of both the last illness and 
burial in order to qualify for some reimbursement. For example, if a 
person expended their savings paying for health care bills resulting 
from the veteran's last illness and therefore could not pay for the 
burial, it would be unfair not to reimburse them for the health care 
bills. We are changing the initially proposed language from ``and/or'' 
to simply ``or'' because this term includes ``and''. For this same 
reason, we are making similar changes in proposed Sec. Sec.  
5.566(d)(4), and 5.567(a)(4).
    We propose to clarify Sec.  5.551(g) to reflect VA's long-standing 
policy that if a preferred potential claimant fails to file a claim, VA 
will not pay his or her share of accrued benefits to a person having an 
equal or lower preference. Similarly, if a preferred potential claimant 
waives rights to accrued benefits, VA will not pay his or her share of 
accrued benefits to a person having an equal or lower preference. VA 
will only pay the accrued benefits to someone else if, within the 1-
year period to file a claim for accrued benefits, the preferred 
potential claimant dies, forfeits entitlement, or otherwise becomes 
disqualified. In such a case, the next-in-line (or equal) person must 
file a timely claim.
    The statute, 38 U.S.C. 5121, authorizes VA to pay accrued benefits 
only to ``the living person first listed'' in the hierarchy set forth 
in section 5121(a)(2). VA has consistently interpreted ``the living 
person first listed'' as an instruction to pay only that person, so 
long as he or she is alive. Because a claim for accrued benefits may be 
filed up to 1 year after the veteran's death, however, we permit a 
claimant lower in the hierarchy to file a claim if the person above 
them dies during that 1 year. We also liberally interpret the statute 
to authorize payment of accrued benefits to a person lower in the 
hierarchy when the person(s) above them is involuntarily disqualified, 
not withstanding that the person is still alive because, as a legal 
matter, such person is treated as if he or she were dead for purposes 
of determining entitlement to benefits.
    We propose to make similar revisions to Sec.  5.566(e)(3) based on 
VA's consistent interpretation of ``the following persons living at the 
time of settlement, and in the order named'' as used in the authorizing 
statute, 38 U.S.C. 5502(d).

Sec.  5.552 Claims for Accrued Benefits

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.552(a), we noted that Sec.  5.552 did 
not apply to claims for the proceeds of a benefit check that the 
deceased beneficiary did not negotiate before death or to awards under 
the Nehmer court orders for disability or death caused by a condition 
presumptively associated with herbicide exposure. These scope 
provisions are unnecessary because they are redundant of material 
contained in Sec. Sec.  5.564, ``Cancellation of checks mailed to 
deceased payee; payment of such funds as accrued benefits'', and 5.592, 
``Awards under Nehmer Court orders for disability or death caused by a 
condition presumptively associated with herbicide exposure.'' We 
therefore propose to delete Sec.  5.552(a) and redesignate the other 
paragraphs accordingly.
    We also propose to delete the cross reference to Sec.  3.152(b) 
that was contained in initially proposed Sec.  5.552(c)(3). Cross-
referencing Sec.  3.152, or its part 5 counterpart, Sec.  5.52, would 
not be useful to the reader. The portions of those regulations 
pertinent to claims for accrued benefits are incorporated in Sec.  
5.552(b).

Deletion of Proposed Sec.  5.554

    We propose to delete initially proposed Sec.  5.554. First, we 
propose to move the material from initially proposed Sec.  5.554 
concerning school vacation periods to Sec.  5.551(a)(1)(ii). We propose 
to revise the provision to more clearly and simply state the rule.
    We propose to eliminate the provision in the initially proposed 
rule which stated that ``school confirmation of evidence of school 
attendance is not required to support a claim''. This provision was 
intended to prevent VA employees from requiring proof of school 
attendance in claims for accrued benefits where such evidence was 
already of record. This might occur, for example, when the child was 
already listed as a dependent on the veteran's award or was receiving 
educational benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 35. There are no similar 
provisions regarding other types of proof in claims for accrued 
benefits, and it is unnecessary to have a regulation instructing VA 
employees to refrain from requesting duplicate evidence.

Sec.  5.554 VA Benefits Payable as Accrued Benefits

    We propose to revise the heading of Sec.  5.554 (initially proposed 
as Sec.  5.555) so that it is no longer phrased as a question, and so 
that it more completely identifies the subject matter of the section.
    In Sec.  5.554(a)(10), we propose to correct the citation to 10 
U.S.C. chapter 1606 (as initially proposed, it was ``10 U.S.C. 1606''), 
and we propose to add veterans' educational assistance under 10 U.S.C. 
chapter 1607 to the list of potentially qualifying benefits. Section 
527 of Public Law 108-375 established an additional educational 
assistance program, educational assistance for certain reserve 
component members who performed active military service

[[Page 71131]]

under the provisions of 10 U.S.C. chapter 1607. See 118 Stat. 1811, 
1890-94 (2004). This new program results in periodic monthly benefits 
that are paid under laws administered by the Secretary.

Sec.  5.555 Relationship Between Accrued-Benefits Claims and Claims 
Filed by the Deceased Beneficiary

    We propose to revise paragraph (a) of this renumbered section 
(initially proposed as Sec.  5.557) to clarify the distinction between, 
and relationship of, accrued-benefits claims and claims filed by the 
deceased beneficiary.

Sec. Sec.  5.560-5.563 [Reserved]

    We propose to delete the initially proposed rules concerning death 
compensation (proposed Sec. Sec.  5.560 through 5.562) and reserve 
Sec. Sec.  5.560 through 5.562 for later use. There are fewer than 300 
beneficiaries currently receiving death compensation. VA has not 
received a claim for death compensation in over 10 years, and we do not 
expect to receive any more claims. However, should VA receive such a 
claim, it could process the claim under the controlling statute, 38 
U.S.C. 1121 (for survivors of wartime veterans) or 1141 (for survivors 
of peacetime veterans). Except for one small group of beneficiaries, 
death compensation is payable only if the veteran died before January 
1, 1957. Because of the small number of beneficiaries of death 
compensation, the provisions concerning death compensation do not need 
to be carried forward to part 5.
    Additionally, we have determined that the rule initially proposed 
as Sec.  5.563, ``Special rules when a beneficiary dies while receiving 
apportioned benefits'', relates to apportionments more than to accrued 
benefits so we propose to move it to subpart M, ``Apportionments to 
Dependents and Payments to Fiduciaries and Incarcerated 
Beneficiaries''. We propose to reserve Sec.  5.563 for later use.

Sec.  5.564 Cancellation of Checks Mailed to a Deceased Payee; Payment 
of Such Funds as Accrued Benefits

    Under 38 U.S.C. 5122, VA must pay, in accordance with the hierarchy 
of payments of accrued benefits, the amount of benefits represented in 
a ``check received by a payee in payment of accrued benefits . . . if 
the payee died on or after the last day of the period covered by the 
check.'' In addition, VA may pay such benefits if the check was wrongly 
negotiated, but the funds are recovered. In all other cases, 38 U.S.C. 
5121(c) would apply, such that a person wishing to receive accrued 
benefits must file a claim for such benefits.
    We propose to revise the title and paragraph (a) of Sec.  5.564. 
First, we propose to clarify that VA is only authorized to pay the 
accrued benefits represented in a check mailed to a deceased payee for 
a period during which the payee was alive up to at least the last day 
of the period. As initially proposed, the regulation stated that it did 
not apply to benefits for ``the month in which the beneficiary died'', 
but did not clearly identify the periods to which the regulation could 
apply. Moreover, this language was not technically correct, because a 
payee could die on the last day of the period and still be covered by 
the statute, which explicitly applies when the payee died ``on . . . 
the last day of the period.''
    Second, we propose to clarify that this regulation may apply to 
multiple checks received by the deceased payee. This is clear in the 
current rule, 38 CFR 3.1003(a)(1), but was not clear in Sec.  5.564 as 
initially proposed.
    Third, the initially proposed rule referred several times to ``non-
negotiated'' checks, which could have been read to be unnecessarily 
limiting because VA may also pay funds that are recovered after a check 
was negotiated by someone other than the payee. (In the one remaining 
instance, we use the term ``unnegotiated'' instead of ``non-
negotiated'' to be consistent with prior opinions by VA's Office of 
General Counsel. See, for example, VA General Counsel's Opinion, 
VAOPGCPREC 8-96, 61 FR 66749 (Sept. 26, 1996).
    Finally, we propose to move initially proposed paragraph (d), 
concerning payment to the deceased payee's estate, into paragraph (a), 
for organizational reasons.
    As revised, paragraph (a) will more closely track the statutory 
language and accurately represent the current rule in 38 CFR 3.1003; it 
will not represent a departure from VA's current practice and 
interpretation of 38 U.S.C. 5122.
    We also propose to delete initially proposed paragraph (b) and 
redesignate the remaining paragraphs accordingly. As initially 
proposed, paragraph (b) was comprised of two unnecessary negative 
propositions, based on current Sec.  3.1003(a)(1). First, proposed 
paragraph (b) provided that there is no limit on the retroactive period 
for which payment of the amount represented by the checks may be made. 
It is unnecessary to state this negative proposition, and this language 
might mislead readers into believing that there is an unstated time 
limit on the retroactive period of an award under other sections, when 
in fact there is no such time limit. Second, proposed paragraph (b) 
provided that there is no time limit for filing a claim to obtain the 
proceeds of the checks or for furnishing evidence to perfect a claim. 
It is unnecessary to state this negative proposition (that is, that 
there is no deadline) because this language might mislead readers into 
believing that there is a requirement to file a claim for the proceeds 
of VA checks under Sec.  5.564, when in fact there is no such 
requirement.

Sec.  5.565 Special Rules for Payment of VA Benefits on Deposit in a 
Special Deposit Account When a Payee Living in a Foreign Country Dies

    In Sec.  5.565(b)(1) and (2), we propose to add the words ``in 
equal shares'' at the end of each paragraph, to clarify that payment to 
the children of the veteran or children of the surviving spouse is to 
be in equal shares. The authorizing statute, 31 U.S.C. 3330, is not 
specific in this regard, but payment in equal shares is consistent with 
VA practice and provides a simple and fair rule for administering 
payments.
    Current Sec.  3.1008, on which initially proposed Sec.  5.565 was 
based, contains no statutory authority. In our initially proposed rule, 
we listed 31 U.S.C. 3329 and 3330 and 38 U.S.C. 6104 as the authority 
citations. In reviewing this rule, we have determined that section 6104 
does not provide statutory authority for Sec.  5.565 and that 
additional authority is provided by 38 U.S.C. 5309. We propose to 
correct this authority citation appropriately.

Sec.  5.566 Special Rules for Payment of Gratuitous VA Benefits 
Deposited in a Personal Funds of Patients Account When an Incompetent 
Veteran Dies

    We propose to clarify Sec.  5.566(d)(3) by adding ``on the date of 
the veteran's death''. Similar language is contained in current Sec.  
3.1009(a)(3) upon which the initially proposed rule was based, and the 
phrase should have been included in the proposed rule.
    Paragraph 7 of VA General Counsel's opinion VAOPGCPREC 06-91, 56 FR 
25156 (June 3, 1991), states that:

    7. Interim Issue (CONTR-169), dated January 13, 1960, providing 
necessary instructions for the fiscal implementation of PL 86-146, 
provides in paragraph D.3 in pertinent part:
    ``a. Immediately upon death of a veteran who has been adjudged 
or rated incompetent, the balance in the Personal Funds of Patients 
account will be analyzed to determine the source thereof, i.e., 
funds derived from gratuitous benefits deposited by the VA under 
laws administered by the VA or from other sources. For this purpose 
gratuitous benefits are defined as all benefit payments

[[Page 71132]]

under laws administered by the VA except insurance payments 
(Servicemen's Indemnity benefits are not insurance payments).''

    We therefore propose to replace ``gratuitous benefits'' with the 
phrase ``all benefits except insurance payments'' in Sec.  5.556. For 
this same reason, we propose to make this change throughout part 5.

Sec. Sec.  5.567 Special Rules for Payment of Old-Law Pension When a 
Hospitalized Competent Veteran Dies, and 5.568 Non-Payment of Certain 
Benefits Upon Death of an Incompetent Veteran

    In the initially proposed rule for subpart G, we did not include 
the provisions from part 3 concerning payment of Old-Law Pension 
benefits withheld from hospitalized competent and incompetent veterans 
who die before payment is made, as found in Sec. Sec.  3.1001 and 
3.1007. This omission was inadvertent and we now propose to include 
these provisions as Sec. Sec.  5.567 and 5.568.
    In Sec.  5.567(b), we are not including language equivalent to 
current Sec.  3.1001(b)(1) stating, ``[t]here is no time limit on the 
retroactive period of an award''. It is unnecessary to state this 
negative proposition, and this language might mislead readers into 
believing that there is an unstated time limit on the retroactive 
period of an award under other sections when there is no such time 
limit.
    Current Sec.  3.1007 states that, ``The term `dies before payment' 
includes cases in which a check was issued and the veteran died before 
negotiating the check''. Although there is no such provision in Sec.  
3.1001, VA's practice has been to apply this principle to that section 
as well. This is reflected by the fact that payments under both 
Sec. Sec.  3.1001 and 3.1007 are excluded from VA's general rule on 
unnegotiated checks. See 38 CFR 3.1003(c). We therefore propose to add 
paragraph (d) to Sec.  5.567 stating that the rule applies to ``cases 
in which a check was issued and the veteran died before negotiating the 
check.''

Changes in Terminology

    We propose to make several changes to the wording throughout this 
portion of the regulations. For example, we propose to change both 
``prior to'' and ``preceding'' to ``before'', and we propose to change 
``prior'' to ``previous''.
    We propose to change ``day following the date of last payment to 
the beneficiary'' to ``first day of the month after the month for which 
VA last paid benefits to the beneficiary'', where ``beneficiary'' 
represents either a child, parent, spouse, or the veteran. This 
phrasing is easier to understand and apply.

XIII. Subpart H: Special and Ancillary Benefits for Veterans, 
Dependents, and Survivors

    In a document published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2007, 
we proposed to revise VA regulations governing special and ancillary 
benefits for veterans, dependents, and survivors, to be published in a 
new 38 CFR part 5. 72 FR 10860. We provided a 60-day comment period 
that ended May 8, 2007. We received submissions from two commenters: 
the Disabled American Veterans and a member of the general public.

Misdirected Comment

    One commenter submitted a comment that states that it is intended 
for this regulatory package, RIN 2900-AL84, but it actually applies to 
RIN 2900-AL71. The issues raised in this comment are addressed in the 
portion of this preamble relating to RIN 2900-AL71.

Sec.  5.580 Medal of Honor Pension

    Section 5.580 concerns Medal of Honor pension. Throughout Sec.  
5.580, we propose to change the initially proposed word ``person'' to 
``servicemember or veteran'', because only servicemembers and veterans 
can qualify for that benefit.
    The second sentence of initially proposed Sec.  5.580(a) stated, 
``After a person has been placed on the Medal of Honor Roll, and if 
such person has indicated a desire to receive the Medal of Honor 
pension, the Secretary concerned will provide VA with a certified copy 
of the certificate setting forth such person's right to the Medal of 
Honor pension.'' We propose to delete this sentence, which seemed to 
delineate administrative duties of the service departments. The 
sentence did not require or provide for any VA action. We leave it to 
those departments to establish appropriate procedures to administer 
these duties as, for example, 32 CFR 578.9(c) does for the Department 
of the Army. For VA's purposes, it is necessary to note only that VA 
receipt of a certified copy of the certificate from the service 
department is a prerequisite to an award of Medal of Honor pension.
    We propose to move initially proposed paragraph (b) into paragraph 
(a) to emphasize that VA cannot adjudicate entitlement to placement on 
the Medal of Honor Roll or to a certificate establishing the right to 
Medal of Honor pension. VA adjudicates only the amount of the initial 
payment (that is, the lump-sum payment) and of the effective date of 
the monthly pension, which is set forth in the next paragraph. We were 
concerned that as written, initially proposed paragraph (b), which 
stated that ``Medal of Honor pension will be awarded by VA once the 
certification under paragraph (a) of this section is provided to VA'', 
could have been misinterpreted to provide an effective date.
    In paragraph (b), we assign the effective date of monthly payment 
of such pension based on the date that the servicemember or veteran 
entitled to the pension files the appropriate form with the appropriate 
service department. Although we have generally interpreted 38 U.S.C. 
5101(a) to require claimants for VA benefits to file a claim in the 
form prescribed by VA, that statute does not apply to claimants for the 
Medal of Honor pension, because the Secretary of the appropriate 
service department, and not VA, authorizes payment of the Medal of 
Honor pension. 38 U.S.C. 1561(c). Therefore, no additional claim to VA 
is necessary to establish entitlement to the Medal of Honor pension.
    We propose to redesignate initially proposed paragraph (c) as (b), 
initially proposed paragraph (d) as (c), and initially proposed 
paragraph (e) as (d). We changed a phrase in proposed (c)(1) [now 
(b)(1)] from ``application for placement on the Medal of Honor Roll'' 
to ``form requesting placement on the Medal of Honor Roll''. We have 
previously proposed, for VA purposes, that ```application' means a 
specific form required by the Secretary that a claimant must file to 
apply for a benefit'' (Sec.  5.1). The statute authorizing the Medal of 
Honor Roll provides for placement on the roll ``[u]pon written 
application,'' 38 U.S.C. 1560(b), ``in the form . . . prescribed by the 
Secretary concerned''. Although either ``application'' or ``form'' 
would be reasonable and accurate terms derived from the statute, we 
propose to change ``application'' to ``form'' in paragraph (b)(1) to 
preserve the distinction between ``application'' as we define it for VA 
purposes and any other use of the term.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.580(c)(3) stated that VA would pay a 
lump sum ``to each person who is receiving or who in the future 
receives a Medal of Honor pension''. If a veteran ``is receiving'' a 
Medal of Honor pension at the time that this regulation becomes 
effective, then he or she will already have received the lump-sum 
payment. We therefore propose to revise the sentence to provide a lump-
sum payment ``to each servicemember or veteran who receives a Medal of 
Honor pension''. This change is needed because part 5 will apply only

[[Page 71133]]

to new claims, and not to existing entitlements.
    The initially proposed text also stated that the lump-sum payment 
``will be based on the monthly Medal of Honor pension rates [in effect 
during a prescribed period].'' The phrase ``will be based on'' was 
potentially confusing. We propose to change the text to read, ``VA will 
calculate the amount of the lump-sum payment using the Medal of Honor 
pension rates in effect for each year of the period for which the 
retroactive payment is made.''

Sec.  5.581 Awards of VA Benefits Based on Special Acts or Private Laws

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.581(b)(2), we had included the 
parenthetical definition of ``pending claim''. We propose to delete 
this definition as we have already defined ``pending claim'' in Sec.  
5.57(d). In addition, we clarified that the claim must be pending ``at 
the time that the special act becomes effective.'' This change makes 
the provision more explicit.
    We propose to change Sec.  5.581(c)(1) to improve readability.
    We propose to change Sec.  5.581(c)(2) to make clear that the rule 
pertains to a period of service rather than to a specific date.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.581(d)(1) stated, ``VA will apply and 
will not change, . . . the rate, effective date, and discontinuance 
date that is specified in a special act.'' We propose to remove ``and 
will not change'' because it merely restates the fact that ``we will 
apply'' the elements of the special act addressed in paragraph (d)(1). 
This will make the rule more readable without changing its meaning.
    The initially proposed text in Sec.  5.581(d)(2) stated that the 
effective date is determined in accordance with the applicable law, but 
it did not state which law. We propose to include a cross reference to 
Sec.  5.152, which implements 38 U.S.C. 5110(g), to clarify what date 
to apply in these situations.
    In Sec.  5.581(e)(1), we propose to add the terms, ``hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care'' to more accurately describe the 
content of several sections cited. Similarly, in Sec.  5.581(e)(2), we 
propose to add the phrase, ``or . . . while a fugitive felon'' to more 
accurately describe the content of several sections cited. We also 
propose to include in Sec.  5.581(e)(2) that payments will be suspended 
while the veteran is a fugitive felon. We also propose to add 38 U.S.C. 
5313B, governing fugitive felons, to the authority citation for the 
section.

Sec.  5.583 Special Allowance Under 38 U.S.C. 1312

    In Sec.  5.583(d), we propose to add, ``after VA receives a claim'' 
to clarify that the claimant must file a claim to obtain the benefit.
    We propose to make a few changes to Sec.  5.583(e) to enhance 
clarity and reduce ambiguity. We also propose to correct the reference 
to Subpart E, so that the text will correctly direct the reader to 
Subpart K. We also propose to add the statutory authority 38 U.S.C. 
107, which is the statutory authority for Sec.  5.583(b)(2).

Sec.  5.584 Loan Guaranty for a Surviving Spouse: Eligibility 
Requirements

    In Sec.  5.584, we propose to change the initially proposed phrase 
``may be extended'' to ``will be extended'' to clarify that the action 
is not discretionary. We also propose to insert the phrase, ``all of 
the following conditions are met'' at the end of the introductory 
sentence and redesignate the paragraphs to enhance clarity and reduce 
ambiguity of the section.
    In Sec.  5.584(b)(2), we propose to add that a veteran's death 
treated by VA ``as if'' it were service connected, under 38 U.S.C. 
1318, does not qualify the veteran's surviving spouse for loan guaranty 
certification.
    We also propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.584(e) to 
clarify that this section does not apply if the claimant is a surviving 
spouse who is eligible for a loan guaranty benefit as a veteran in his 
or her own right.

Sec.  5.586 Certification for Dependents' Educational Assistance

    In Sec.  5.586, ``Certification for dependents' educational 
assistance'', paragraph (c)(2), we propose to change the reference to 
38 CFR 3.361 to its part 5 counterpart, Sec.  5.350. Current Sec. Sec.  
3.358 and 3.800 apply to claims under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) that VA 
received before October 1, 1997. Because part 5 will apply only to 
future claims, we will not repeat the provisions of current Sec. Sec.  
3.358 and 3.800 in part 5.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.586(a) failed to state who is 
potentially eligible to receive dependents' educational assistance. 
Accordingly, we propose to add ``payable to a veteran's spouse, 
surviving spouse, or child,'' after ``education benefit'' to clarify 
who is potentially eligible for this benefit.
    Also in Sec.  5.586, we propose to remove paragraph (d)(2) and (3), 
which merely cross referenced the definitions of ``spouse'' and 
``surviving spouse''. Because these terms are defined for purposes of 
all benefits administered under part 5, there is no need to include 
this paragraph. We propose to move the language of (d)(1) into 
paragraph (a).

Sec.  5.587 Minimum Income Annuity and Gratuitous Annuity

    We propose to revise the regulation text of initially proposed 
Sec.  5.587 for clarity.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.587(a)(1), the reference to the 
citations to the sections of Public Law 92-425 were mistakenly written 
as ``4(a)(2) and (3)''. We propose to correct this error by changing 
the citations to ``4(a)(1) and (2)'', as stated in 38 CFR 3.811(a)(1). 
Further, we propose to reword the end of paragraph (c) to clarify its 
meaning. The initially proposed rule read, ``An individual . . . shall 
be considered eligible for pension for purposes of determining 
eligibility for the minimum income annuity even though as a result of 
adding the amount of the minimum income annuity authorized under Public 
Law 92-425 as amended to any other countable income, no amount of 
pension is due.'' The reworded version reads, ``A person . . . will 
still be considered eligible for pension for purposes of determining 
eligibility for the minimum income annuity, even though no amount of 
pension is payable after adding the minimum income annuity, authorized 
under Public Law 92-425, 86 Stat. 706, as amended, to any other 
countable income.''
    Public Law 92-425 authorizes payment of benefits for commissioned 
officers of the Public Health Service and the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration. The two agencies that govern these officers 
were not referenced in part 3. We propose to correct this omission in 
part 5 by adding the Department of Health and Human Services as well as 
the Department of Commerce in Sec.  5.587(a)(1).

Sec.  5.588 Special Allowance Payable Under Section 156 of Public Law 
97-377

    In Sec.  5.588(a)(1), we propose to change the regulation text to 
clarify that VA makes the determination of eligibility.
    In Sec.  5.588(e), we propose to eliminate the terms ``formal and 
informal'' from the initially proposed title. We have already defined 
the term ``claim'' in Sec.  5.1 as a formal or informal communication 
requesting a determination of entitlement. Likewise, we refer to filing 
an ``application'' rather than ``Formal claims . . . on a form 
prescribed by the Secretary'', because we have already defined 
``application'' in Sec.  5.1.
    We propose to remove the last sentence of initially proposed Sec.  
5.588(e), because it would impose a restriction

[[Page 71134]]

not authorized by the governing statute. See Cole v. Derwinski, 2 Vet. 
App. 400 (1992), aff'd, 35 F.3d 551 (Fed. Cir. 1994). The effective 
date of payment of this special allowance is not based on the date of 
the claim, except that the date of payment cannot be prior to August 
13, 1981. The last sentence of initially proposed Sec.  5.588(e), based 
on current Sec.  3.812(e), limits retroactive payment of the special 
allowance contrary to the governing statute. Current VA practice is 
consistent with this interpretation of the statute.
    We propose to update the statutory authority citations contained in 
initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.589 and 5.590 to reflect that sec. 
102(a)(1) of Public Law 108-183, 117 Stat. 2651, 2653, redesignated 38 
U.S.C. 1822, 1823, and 1824 as 38 U.S.C. 1832, 1833, and 1834, 
respectively.

Sec.  5.589 Monetary Allowance for a Vietnam Veteran or a Veteran With 
Covered Service in Korea Whose Child Was Born With Spina Bifida

    In Sec.  5.589, we propose to replace the term ``individual'' with 
``person'' to maintain consistency in our usage throughout the 
regulations. We have also modified the wording of initially proposed 
Sec.  5.589(b) to clarify any ambiguity resulting from this change.
    On January 25, 2011, VA published Final Rule AN27, ``Herbicide 
Exposure and Veterans with Covered Service in Korea'' to implement the 
Veterans Benefits Act of 2003, Public Law 108-183, 117 Stat. 2651. 76 
FR 4245. We propose to incorporate these provisions as a new paragraph 
(c)(2) in Sec.  5.589 and make conforming amendments to Sec. Sec.  
5.57(b), 5.150(a), 5.152(a) and (d), 5.228(a), 5.262(a)(1)(ii), 
5.589(a) and (e), 5.590(i), and 5.591.
    In redesignated Sec.  5.589(c)(3) we propose to change the last 
sentence of initially proposed Sec.  5.589(c)(2) for clarification 
purposes.

Sec.  5.590 Monetary Allowance for a Female Vietnam Veteran's Child 
With Certain Birth Defects

    In Sec.  5.590, we propose to replace the term ``individual'' with 
``person'' to maintain consistency in our usage throughout the 
regulations. We have also modified the wording of initially proposed 
Sec.  5.590(b) to clarify any ambiguity resulting from this change. We 
also propose to clarify the regulation text of Sec.  5.590(b) to 
reflect that that provision is subject to Sec.  5.590(a)(3), which 
governs the payment of monetary allowance where a covered birth defect 
is spina bifida. We propose to add the phrase, ``[e]xcept as provided 
in paragraph (a)(3) of this section''.
    In proposed Sec. Sec.  5.589(a) and 5.590(a), we propose to add 
language from Sec.  3.27(c), providing for an increase in monthly 
allowance rates under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 whenever there is a cost-of-
living increase in benefit amounts payable under the Social Security 
Act. We inadvertently failed to add this language in the initially 
proposed rule and propose to add it now.

Sec.  5.591 Effective Date of Award for a Disabled Child of a Vietnam 
Veteran or a Veteran With Covered Service in Korea

    We propose to delete initially proposed Sec.  5.591(a)(6). 
Paragraph (a)(6) stated a general rule applicable to all effective 
dates. Because this general rule is stated in Sec.  5.152(a), there is 
no need to restate it here.

Sec.  5.592 Awards Under Nehmer Court Orders for Disability or Death 
Caused by a Condition Presumptively Associated with Herbicide Exposure

    We propose to add Sec.  5.592. It is the counterpart to current 
Sec.  3.816, which we inadvertently omitted from the March 9, 2007, 
notice of proposed rulemaking for these rules. 72 FR 10860. We intend 
to insert it here.
    Paragraph (b)(2) of Sec.  3.816 states, in pertinent part, 
``Covered herbicide disease means a disease for which the Secretary of 
Veterans Affairs has established a presumption of service connection 
before October 1, 2002 pursuant to the Agent Orange Act of 1991, Public 
Law 102-4, other than chloracne.'' In July 2007, the U.S. Court of 
Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected VA's position that its duties 
under the Nehmer stipulation have ended and held that VA's duties 
extend through at least 2015. Nehmer v. U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, 
494 F.3d 846, 862-63 (9th Cir. 2007). Accordingly, the requirements of 
the Nehmer court orders for review of previously denied claims and for 
retroactive payment apply to new presumptions. We therefore propose to 
omit the phrase ``before October 1, 2002,'' from Sec.  5.592. We also 
propose to update Sec.  5.592(b)(2) to encompass the presumptive 
diseases listed in Sec.  3.309(e), by cross referencing Sec.  5.262(e). 
38 CFR part 3 has already been amended to remove this date and the 
removal of the date from part 5 conforms to the part 3 change. 78 FR 
54763, Sept. 6, 2013.

Sec.  5.603 Financial Assistance To Purchase a Vehicle or Adaptive 
Equipment

    One commenter stated that ``proposed Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(ii) 
establishes limitations on the types of adaptive equipment for which an 
eligible person may receive financial assistance from VA to purchase.'' 
The commenter was concerned that the list of adaptive equipment found 
in initially proposed Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(ii) would exclude any equipment 
not listed in that section.
    The commenter pointed out that parts of the authorizing statutes 
and parts of current VA regulations use ``but is not limited to'' in 
conjunction with ``includes''. Further, other regulations in the 
initially proposed rule used language such as ``including, but not 
limited to''.
    In order to eliminate any confusion, we propose to adopt the 
commenter's suggestion and add the ``but is not limited to'' language 
to Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(ii), to read, ``Adaptive equipment includes, but 
is not limited to: ''. For the same reason, we propose to add similar 
language to Sec. Sec.  5.589(d)(2), 5.590(d)(1)(xii), 5.590(d)(2), 
5.590(d)(6)(ii), 5.590(e)(1)(ii)(B), 5.590(e)(1)(iii)(B), 
5.590(e)(1)(iv)(D), 5.590(e)(1)(v)(C), 5.590(e)(2)(i), 5.606(b)(1), and 
5.606(b)(2).
    We propose to change the regulation text in initially proposed 
Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(i) to conform with the language of current Sec.  
3.808(e). The initially proposed text did not include part of the 
required text. The text will read, ```Adaptive equipment' means 
equipment that must be part of or added to a vehicle manufactured for 
sale to the general public to:''.
    Initially proposed paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(A) said, ``Automatic 
transmission as to an eligible person who has lost, or lost the use of, 
a limb''. We propose to delete ``as to an eligible person who has lost, 
or lost the use of, a limb'', because with that phrase in the 
regulation the eligible person with ankylosis of the knees or hips 
would not qualify for VA assistance to obtain an automatic 
transmission.
    We propose to combine initially proposed Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(ii)(D) 
and (F) (which were based on 38 CFR 3.808(e)(2) and (3)) as paragraph 
(b)(1)(ii)(D). They were substantially redundant. It was the intent of 
both Sec.  3.808(e)(2) and (3) to set limits on the amount of 
assistance that VA may pay for adaptive equipment. We have always 
interpreted these two regulations in this way. This interpretation is 
also in accordance with 38 CFR 17.158(b), which also sets the same 
limitations on the amount of assistance for adaptive equipment.
    We propose to delete initially proposed Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(ii)(C) 
and redesignate initially proposed Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(ii)(E) as Sec.  
5.603(b)(1)(ii)(C).

[[Page 71135]]

The requirement that an air conditioner be included in the list of 
adaptive equipment is no longer necessary. The vast majority of new 
cars have air conditioners included in their standard equipment 
package. If VA were to receive a claim for an air conditioner, this 
claim could be granted because Sec.  5.603(b)(1)(ii) contains the 
phrase ``includes, but is not limited to'', which advises the reader 
that this is not an exclusive list.
    In paragraph (c)(2), we propose to change the phrase ``loss or 
permanent loss of use [of a named body part]'' to ``Anatomical loss or 
permanent loss of use [of a named body part].'' We intend to make this 
change throughout part 5. Part 3 uses both phrases interchangeably, 
sometimes in a single regulation and this resulted in confusion. See, 
for example, 38 CFR 3.350.
    The statute defining the disabilities a person must have to be 
eligible for an automobile or adaptive equipment requires ``loss or 
permanent loss of use'' of particular body parts, 38 U.S.C. 3901, and 
VA interprets ``loss'' in that phrase as meaning anatomical loss. This 
interpretation is consistent with the qualification for certain levels 
of special monthly compensation for ``anatomical loss or loss of use''. 
See 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) through (n) and (p). We propose to change ``loss 
of'' to ``anatomical loss or'' in Sec.  5.606, paragraph (b), for the 
same reason. We note that 38 CFR 3.810(a)(1) pertains to clothing 
allowance for veterans with disabilities rated as specified in Sec.  
3.350(a), (b), (c), (d), and (f), which implement provisions of 38 
U.S.C. 1114 that authorize special monthly compensation for anatomical 
loss or loss of use [of a named body part]. Therefore, this change is 
consistent with statutory intent.
    We propose to revise initially proposed paragraph (c)(2)(iv) to 
make clear that a person with ankylosis of one or both knees, or one or 
both hips may only receive financial assistance to purchase adaptive 
equipment.
    Section 803 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 2889 (2010) 
amended 38 U.S.C. 3901 which lists the disabilities that qualify a 
veteran for VA assistance to purchase a vehicle or adaptive equipment 
for a vehicle. We propose to add paragraph (c)(2)(v) to implement the 
statutory amendment by adding ``[s]evere burn injury'' as a qualifying 
disability. Section 803 indicated that what qualifies as a ``severe 
burn injury'' for purposes of obtaining automobile or adaptive 
equipment will be ``determined pursuant to regulations prescribed by 
the Secretary.'' VA's Compensation Service is drafting a rulemaking to 
comply with that provision in 38 CFR part 3. Once that has been 
completed, the new regulatory language will be incorporated into Sec.  
5.603.
    We propose to redesignate paragraph (c)(3) as paragraph (d)(1), 
because the content of paragraph (c)(3) is more relevant to the subject 
of paragraph (d), ``Limitations on assistance'', than to paragraph (c), 
``Eligibility criteria.'' We also propose to add a provision to 
paragraph (d)(1)(i) based on 38 U.S.C. 3902(d), that VA will assist a 
person who cannot qualify to operate a vehicle to purchase a vehicle, 
if another person will drive the vehicle for him or her.
    As a result of redesignating initially proposed paragraph (c)(3) as 
paragraph (d)(1), we propose to redesignate initially proposed 
paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) as paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3). We 
propose to clarify the text in redesignated Sec.  5.603(d)(3). As 
written, the initially proposed text failed to include the reference to 
circumstances beyond the control of the eligible person. We propose to 
revise the text by inserting the phrase, ``due to circumstances beyond 
the eligible person's control,'' between ``a 4-year period unless,'' 
and ``one of the adapted vehicles''. We also propose to add to the 
second sentence the words ``or reimbursements'' after ``payments'', 
because we unintentionally omitted it from the original text. We 
therefore propose to revise the sentence to read, ``The Under Secretary 
for Health or designee may authorize payments or reimbursements for the 
repair, replacement, or reinstallation of adaptive equipment deemed 
necessary for the operation of the vehicle.'' We also propose to delete 
``Sec. Sec.  17.156 through'' from the cross reference, which is now 
only to Sec.  17.158, because Sec. Sec.  17.156 and 17.157 do not 
pertain to the subject of the cross reference.
    We have determined that initially proposed Sec.  5.603(f), 
``Redemption of certificate of eligibility'', was inaccurate. 
Therefore, we propose to restructure this paragraph to encompass both 
the purchase of the vehicle and the purchase of adaptive equipment. 
Paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (2)(i) address redemption of a certificate of 
eligibility by the seller, and paragraphs (f)(1)(ii) and (2)(ii) 
address redemption of a certificate of eligibility by the eligible 
person. Together, these paragraphs cover the scenarios where the 
vehicle or adaptive equipment was purchased prior to an eligible person 
acquiring the certificate of eligibility.

Sec.  5.604 Specially Adapted Housing Under 38 U.S.C. 2101(a)

    In our proposed rulemaking, 72 FR 10860, Mar. 9, 2007, we had 
reserved Sec. Sec.  5.604 and 5.605 while VA completed a rulemaking to 
implement housing provisions of the Veterans Benefits Act of 2003, the 
Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004, the Veterans' Housing 
Opportunity and Benefits Improvement Act of 2006, and the Housing and 
Economic Recovery Act of 2008. VA has now amended 38 CFR 3.809, 
``Specially Adapted Housing under 38 U.S.C. 2101(a)'', and Sec.  
3.809a, ``Special Home Adaptation Grants under 38 U.S.C. 2101(b)''. 75 
FR 57859, Sept. 23, 2010. We now propose to incorporate Sec. Sec.  
3.809 and 3.809a, as amended, into part 5 with several stylistic 
changes.

Sec.  5.606 Clothing Allowance

    We propose to clarify initially proposed Sec.  5.606(a) to state: 
``VA will pay an annual clothing allowance to a veteran with a 
qualifying disability. However, VA will pay more than one annual 
clothing allowance if VA determines that the veteran has more than one 
qualifying disability.'' This is consistent with the decision in 
Sursely v. Peake, 551 F.3d 1351, (Fed. Cir. 2009). The court held that 
Congress intended to allow each eligible veteran one clothing allowance 
per year per qualifying disability. On February, 2, 2011 VA proposed a 
rule, AN64 Clothing Allowance, to implement Sursely. 76 FR 5733. Once 
the Final Rule has been published, it will be incorporated into Sec.  
5.606.
    We also propose to clarify the term ``veteran'' as it applies to a 
person who is eligible for clothing allowance. VA General Counsel's 
opinion VAOPGCPREC 4-2010, (May 25, 2010), held that the ``term 
[veteran] includes individuals who have returned to active duty after 
previously meeting the definition of `veteran.' '' We propose to 
incorporate this holding in proposed Sec.  5.606(a).
    We propose to consolidate initially proposed Sec.  5.606(a), (b), 
and (b)(1) for clarity and simplicity, without changing the meaning.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.606(b)(2) addressed all service-
connected disabilities for which the veteran wears or uses a prosthetic 
or orthopedic appliance that wears or tears clothing. Current Sec.  
3.810 distinguishes disabilities compensated at a rate specified in 
Sec.  3.350(a) through (d) or (f) and other service-connected 
disabilities that require an appliance. We propose to revise the 
paragraph to maintain the

[[Page 71136]]

distinction in the current regulation. We propose to address the 
disabilities compensated at the rate specified in Sec. Sec.  5.322 
through 5.329, 5.331, or Sec.  5.332 and redesignate the paragraph as 
(b)(1).
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.606(b)(2) did not distinguish between 
applications for clothing allowance that VA can grant after a required 
examination and those that require certification by the Under Secretary 
for Health or designee, as does current Sec.  3.810. We propose to 
revise the paragraph to maintain this distinction, and redesignate it 
as paragraphs (b)(1) through (3).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.606(b)(2), we used the term ``VA 
determines'' in place of the term ``Chief Medical Director or 
designee'', which part 3 uses for the VA office now designated as Under 
Secretary for Health. We propose to revise paragraph (b)(2) to use 
``Under Secretary for Health or designee''. This change eliminates any 
ambiguity about who makes the determination.
    We propose to change Sec.  5.606(c)(1) and (2) to state the 
circumstances in which the veteran need not file the claim for a 
clothing allowance annually. VA has provided for the annual clothing 
allowance without requiring the filing of an annual claim, as stated in 
paragraphs (c)(1) and (2), since the inception of the clothing 
allowance benefit in 1972. VA form 10-8678, ``Application for Annual 
Clothing Allowance (Under 38 U.S.C. 1162)'', implements this long-
standing practice.
    We propose to rewrite initially proposed Sec.  5.606(d) for 
clarity. We propose to delete the term ``anniversary date''. Although 
we had defined the term, we have determined that it is confusing to the 
reader, and have opted to use the actual date of August 1 instead. We 
also propose to define the ``payment year'' for which VA pays the 
annual clothing allowance as the ``12-month period beginning August 1 
and ending July 31 of the following year.'' For this reason, we propose 
to delete the term ``anniversary date'' in Sec.  5.606(e) as well.
    We propose to rewrite initially proposed Sec.  5.606(e) for 
clarity. We propose to change ``within 1 year of'' and ``within 1 year 
from'' to ``no later than 1 year after''. This change makes clear that 
the time to file a claim relative to August 1 means the year after 
August 1. We also propose to remove the term ``initial anniversary 
date'' and instead, describe the first period for which VA pays a 
veteran a clothing allowance as the ``initial year of payment 
eligibility''.
    We propose to remove initially proposed Sec.  5.606(f). Paragraph 
(f) contained information already in Subpart I of part 5, which 
pertains to Filipino veterans. One purpose of proposed Subpart I is to 
assemble in one place all of the adjudication regulations dealing with 
benefits for certain Filipino veterans. It would be redundant to repeat 
that information in Sec.  5.606. Additionally, paragraph (f) stated 
that claims for clothing allowance by Filipino veterans are processed 
in Manila. This is purely a matter of internal VA administration of 
claims. The paragraph conferred no benefit on the veteran, and it did 
not require the claimant to take any action. We propose to remove the 
paragraph as an unnecessary regulation.
    We propose to remove initially proposed Sec.  5.606(g). Paragraph 
(g) informed the veteran living abroad that the VA Medical Center 
(VAMC) with jurisdiction over his permanent address has jurisdiction 
over a claim for a clothing allowance. The assignment of claims to 
specific facilities is purely a matter of internal VA administration of 
claims. The paragraph conferred no benefit on the veteran. We propose 
to remove the paragraph as an unnecessary regulation. As a result of 
removing paragraphs (f) and (g), we will redesignate paragraph (h) as 
paragraph (f).

Technical Corrections

    In addition to considering any necessary changes to proposed part 5 
regulations based on comments received from the public, we propose to 
make certain additional changes in this reproposed rule: adding, 
updating, and moving some authority citations, correcting a citation, 
and correcting citation format. For example, proposed Sec.  5.584, 
``Loan guaranty for a surviving spouse: eligibility requirements'', 
lacked an authority citation at the end of the section. We intend to 
correct this omission by adding the authority citation, 38 U.S.C. 
3701(b)(2). We also propose to add to the authority citation for Sec.  
5.587.

Changes in Terminology

    For consistency of terminology throughout part 5, we propose to 
replace the term ``evaluation'' with the term ``rating'', and 
``evaluated'' with ``rated'', whenever either appears in Sec. Sec.  
5.589(d), 5.590(a)(3), and 5.590(e).
    We also propose to correct our use of the terms ``claim'' and 
``application''. Under 38 CFR 3.1(p), ``Claim-Application'' is defined 
as ``a formal or informal communication in writing requesting a 
determination of entitlement or evidencing a belief in entitlement, to 
a benefit.'' Under Sec.  5.1, ``Claim'' is defined as ``a formal or 
informal communication in writing requesting a determination of 
entitlement, or evidencing a belief in entitlement, to a benefit.'' 
Under Sec.  5.1, ``Application'' is defined as ``a specific form 
required by the Secretary that a claimant must file to apply for a 
benefit.'' Accordingly, the following changes are proposed to be made. 
We propose that the words ``formal application'' be replaced with the 
word ``claim'' every time they appear in Sec.  5.581(b), and the phrase 
``in the form prescribed by VA'' be removed. We also propose that the 
phrase ``on a form prescribed'' be removed from Sec.  5.583(c). We also 
propose that the words ``an application'' be replaced with the words 
``a claim'' in the introductory text of Sec.  5.584. In addition, we 
propose that the phrases and word ``on a form prescribed by the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs'', ``form'', and ``on the prescribed 
form'' be removed from Sec.  5.588(e). Finally, we propose that the 
words ``application form'' and ``application'' be replaced with the 
word ``claim'' in every place they appeared in initially proposed 
Sec. Sec.  5.603(d)(1), 5.606(b)(3), and 5.606(e).

XIV. Subpart I: Benefits for Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors

    In a document published in the Federal Register on June 30, 2006, 
we proposed to revise VA's regulations governing benefits for certain 
Filipino veterans and their survivors, to be published in a new 38 CFR 
part 5. 71 FR 37790. The title of this proposed rulemaking was, 
``Benefits for Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors'' (RIN: 2900-
AL76). We provided a 60-day comment period that ended August 29, 2006. 
We did not receive any submissions from commenters pertaining to this 
proposed rule.
    Although no comments were received regarding our publication on 
June 30, 2006, an internal review of proposed Subpart I revealed minor 
typographical errors and a need for further clarification in several 
areas. Accordingly, based on the rationale set forth in the initially 
proposed rule and this proposed document, we propose to adopt the 
provisions of proposed Subpart I, with the following changes discussed 
below.

Publication of Revisions to Subparts

    The publication for proposed Subpart I also contained minor 
revisions to Subpart B, ``Service Requirements for Veterans'', and 
Subpart E, ``Claims for Service Connection and Disability 
Compensation'', which had been previously published in proposed 
rulemaking packages. Those revisions will be contained in this proposed 
rule segment. The package for Subpart I was

[[Page 71137]]

one of two packages that contained revisions to other subparts, and 
since then we have decided to publish all revisions to the various 
subparts together in this proposed rule in order to facilitate an 
easier referencing process.

Sec.  5.610 Eligibility for VA Benefits Based on Philippine Service

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.610(b)(3) incorrectly stated that 
service as an officer commissioned in connection with administration of 
Public Law 79-190 is not active military service for purposes of VA 
benefits. Administrator's Decision 778 (Mar. 5, 1948) concluded that 
service as a commissioned officer in connection with administration of 
Public Law 79-190 would constitute regular active military service--
that is, it would qualify for all benefits available to U.S. veterans. 
Among other things, that opinion noted that because such commissioned 
service was not service pursuant to section 11 of Public Law 79-190 
(relating to enlistments), it was not subject to the limitations 
currently codified in 38 U.S.C. 107(b). Therefore, we propose to 
correct this error in paragraph (a) of Sec.  5.610.
    In Sec.  5.610(c)(1), we propose to change ``General Officer, U.S. 
Army'' to ``Commander-in-Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, or other 
competent authority in the Army of the U.S.'' to further specify the 
type of authority needed to establish active military service in the 
Commonwealth Army of the Philippines.

Sec.  5.613 Payment of Disability Compensation or Dependency and 
Indemnity Compensation at the Full Dollar Rate for Certain Filipino 
Veterans or Their Survivors Residing in the U.S.

    In order to clarify the list of acceptable items of evidence in 
regards to a veteran's or veteran's survivor's eligibility for 
compensation at the full-dollar rate under Sec.  5.613(c)(2) and a 
veteran's burial benefits at the full-dollar rate under Sec.  
5.617(c)(2), a valid original or a valid copy of any of the enumerated 
items, such as a U.S. passport, is required. In both instances, we 
propose to add the modifier word ``valid'' to the terms ``copy'' and 
``original'', and remove the unnecessary word ``valid'' in front of 
``U.S. passport''.

Sec.  5.614 Effective Dates of Benefits at the Full-Dollar Rate for a 
Filipino Veteran and His or Her Survivor

    We propose to divide initially proposed Sec.  5.614(b)(3) into 
paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) and clarify these provisions. First, we 
propose to insert the word ``veteran's'' before ``survivor'' in both 
places where the term ``survivor'' is used. Second, we propose to 
clearly set out the rules for the following classes of beneficiaries: 
those who were absent from the U.S. for a total of 183 days or more and 
returned to the U.S. during the same calendar year, and those who were 
absent from the U.S. for a total of 183 days or more and returned to 
the U.S. in a later calendar year but less than 183 days after the 
beginning of such calendar year. This revision does not reflect a new 
policy; rather it is a clarification of current Sec.  3.405(b)(2). We 
also propose to redesignate the remaining paragraphs under Sec.  
5.614(b) accordingly.

Technical Corrections

    We propose to make several changes to certain provisions describing 
the dates relevant to eligibility for burial benefits at the full-
dollar rate. Initially proposed Sec.  5.610(b)(1) and the chart in 
initially proposed Sec.  5.612 referred to deaths occurring ``on or 
after December 16, 2003''. We propose to revise this to refer to deaths 
occurring ``after December 15, 2003'' in order to conform to the format 
used in current 38 CFR 3.43 and the format generally used for dates 
throughout part 5. Initially proposed Sec.  5.617(b) referred to deaths 
occurring ``after November 1, 2000''. However, the corresponding 
provisions of the chart in proposed Sec.  5.612 inaccurately referred 
to deaths occurring ``on or after 11/1/00''. As stated in the notice of 
proposed rulemaking, the chart in Sec.  5.612 is intended only to 
summarize the provisions in Subpart I and not to confer any additional 
rights. Accordingly, we propose to correct the inadvertent error in the 
chart by replacing ``on or after 11/1/00'' with ``after 11/1/00'' to 
ensure that the chart accurately reflects the applicable rule.

XV. Subpart J: Burial Benefits

    In a document published in the Federal Register on April 08, 2008, 
we proposed to revise Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) regulations 
governing burial benefits, to be published in a new 38 CFR part 5. 73 
FR 19021. The title of this proposed rulemaking was ``Burial Benefits'' 
(RIN: 2900-AL72). We provided a 60-day comment period that ended June 
9, 2008. We received submissions from two commenters: two members of 
the general public.

General Comment

    One commenter expressed satisfaction with the rewritten provisions 
in proposed RIN 2900-AL72, ``Burial Benefits''. The commenter explained 
that veterans have a right to these more detailed regulations with a 
``plain layout'' that one ``can read . . . without any 
misunderstanding.'' The commenter went on to say that ``there is 
nothing wrong with being more straight forward with the provisions 
especially when it comes to burial provisions. Pass the rule and be 
done with it, let the confusion be dismissed.'' No changes to the 
proposed rule were suggested. Although we are pleased that the 
commenter finds these rules an improvement over part 3, we regret that 
we cannot accelerate the effective date of one subpart of part 5 
because, administratively, it would be too cumbersome and costly to 
establish part 5 in stages. We propose not to make any changes based on 
this comment.

Sec.  5.630 Types of VA Burial Benefits

    We propose to add a definition of ``burial'' as new paragraph (b) 
to ensure that readers know that VA pays burial benefits for all the 
legal methods of disposing of the remains of deceased persons, 
including, but not limited to, cremation, burial at sea, and medical 
school donation.
    We propose to revise this paragraph by adding the phrase ``or 
interment'' after ``memorialization'' to clarify the distinction 
between interment and memorialization. Interment refers to placing a 
body into the ground. Memorialization honors a person whose remains 
have not been found.
    In addition, to avoid potential confusion for readers, we propose 
to clarify that the burial regulations in part 5 do not apply to the 
benefit programs listed in paragraph (c), which operate under separate 
statutes and regulations.

Sec.  5.631 Deceased Veterans for Whom VA May Provide Burial Benefits

    We propose to redesignate the paragraphs of this rule according to 
the revisions described below. First, we propose to delete initially 
proposed paragraph (b), which had required that the veteran upon whom a 
claim for burial benefits is based to have been discharged or released 
from service under conditions other than dishonorable, and added such a 
requirement to what is now proposed paragraph (a). This makes the rule 
simpler to read and easier to apply.
    Second, we propose to delete initially proposed paragraph Sec.  
5.631(c). This paragraph was derived from current 38 CFR 3.1600(d). The 
paragraph was ambiguously written, but was intended to state merely 
that VA can reopen a claim for service-connected death if new and 
material evidence is presented. This rule is not a rule concerning 
burial

[[Page 71138]]

benefits, but is a more general rule that can affect the provision of 
any benefit based on a service-connected death. We propose to delete 
initially proposed Sec.  5.631(c) for these reasons, and because it is 
redundant of the new-and-material-evidence rule found in Sec.  5.55.

Sec.  5.633 Claims for Burial Benefits

    We propose to revise Sec.  5.633(a)(1) to clarify that a claim to 
reopen nonservice-connected burial allowance must be filed no later 
than 2 years after the date of the veteran's burial. This revision is 
consistent with Sec.  3.1600(b), and current VA practice.
    In paragraph (a)(2), we propose to revise the first sentence to 
eliminate any reference to the nonservice-connected burial allowance. 
Neither the law nor VA policy prevents providing the service-connected 
burial allowance to a person whose discharge is upgraded posthumously. 
The initially proposed regulation had not provided for such a 
limitation because, although this specific provision had applied only 
to nonservice-connected burial benefits, there was no time limit to 
file a claim for service-connected burial benefits and, therefore, 
there was no bar against filing a claim (or a claim to reopen) for a 
service-connected burial allowance at any time after the veteran's 
death. However, the regulation is clearer without the reference to 
nonservice-connected burial benefits in the first sentence because it 
cannot be misinterpreted as a rule that limits to the nonservice-
connected burial allowance the applicability of an award based on a 
posthumously upgraded character of discharge.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.633(b)(1), we stated, ``Evidence 
required to substantiate a claim for burial benefits must be submitted 
no later than 1 year after the date VA requests such evidence.'' This 
sentence was based on current Sec.  3.1601(b), which was intended to 
implement 38 U.S.C. 2304. That statute provides, in pertinent part:

    If a claimant's application is incomplete at the time it is 
originally submitted, the Secretary shall notify the applicant of 
the evidence necessary to complete the application. If such evidence 
is not received within one year from the date of such notification, 
no [non-service connected burial] allowance may be paid.


Instead of using Sec.  3.1601(b)'s term, ``complete a claim'', we 
mistakenly used ``substantiate a claim''. The rule on filing of 
evidence to ``substantiate [a] claim'' is contained in the portion of 
Sec.  5.90 that is based on current Sec.  3.159(b)(1). See also Sec.  
5.136, which is based on current Sec.  3.158(a). The rules on filing an 
``incomplete application'' are contained in the portion of Sec.  5.90 
that is based on current Sec. Sec.  3.109(a)(1) and 3.159(b)(2). 
Because these rules are already contained elsewhere in part 5, there is 
no need to repeat them in subpart J and so we propose to delete the 
above referenced sentence from Sec.  5.633(b)(1).
    One commenter suggested that Sec.  5.633(b)(1)(iii), regarding the 
information needed in a statement of account, should read ``the dates 
of expenses incurred for services rendered'' and not ``the dates and 
expenses incurred for services rendered''. We disagree with the 
commenter's suggestion. By placing ``of'' instead of ``and'' in this 
part of Sec.  5.633(b)(1)(iii), the meaning of the regulation would be 
changed. Using the word ``of'' in this context would restrict the 
information that VA requires for a statement of account to only the 
dates on which the expenses were incurred. In contrast, using the word 
``and'' signifies that VA requires the dates as well as the expenses 
incurred for the services rendered. This interpretation is supported by 
the similar language found in Sec.  3.1601(b), upon which Sec.  
5.633(b) is based. However, we propose to clarify the sentence to 
eliminate the possibility that it could be read to refer only to the 
dates of the expenses incurred.
    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.633(b)(1)(iv) for 
clarity, and to eliminate redundancy.

Sec.  5.634 Reimbursable Burial Expenses: General

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.634(b)(2) had barred reimbursement for 
an item or service ``previously provided or paid for by the U.S. 
Government.'' We propose to clarify this sentence because we will, in 
fact, reimburse for the cost of a uniform if a new uniform was 
purchased because the veteran's service uniform was not in a condition 
suitable for burial.

Sec.  5.635 Reimbursable Transportation Expenses for a Veteran Who is 
Buried in a National Cemetery or Who Died While Hospitalized by VA

    A commenter suggested that the word ``persons'' should be replaced 
by the word ``veterans'' in the introductory sentence of Sec.  5.635. 
The commenter stated that otherwise it is awkward wording since the 
sections referred to in the introduction, Sec. Sec.  5.639 and 5.644, 
do refer to veterans specifically. We understood the commenter's point 
to be that VA will only reimburse expenses connected with the 
transportation of a deceased veteran. To the extent that the 
introductory sentence to the regulation could have been read otherwise 
by use of the word ``persons'', we propose to revise the sentence for 
clarity.
    Proposed paragraphs Sec.  5.635(a) and (b) are not an exclusive 
list of reimbursable transportation expenses. We propose to reword and 
add the phrase ``but are not limited to'' to the introductory sentence 
in Sec.  5.635, in order to be consistent with Sec.  3.1606 and with 
current practice.

Sec. Sec.  5.643 Burial Allowance Based on Nonservice-connected Death, 
and 5.644 Burial Allowance for a Veteran Who Died While Hospitalized by 
VA

    A commenter suggested that we replace ``based upon'' with ``for'' 
in Sec. Sec.  5.643(b) and 5.644(b). The commenter believes that the 
revision would make the regulatory language plainer, simpler, and more 
reader-focused. We agree with the suggestion and propose to replace the 
words ``based upon'' with ``for'' in the introductory sentences of 
Sec. Sec.  5.643(b) and 5.644(b).

Sec.  5.644 Burial Allowance for a Veteran Who Died While Hospitalized 
by VA

    One commenter questioned the reasoning behind referring to the 
Canal Zone in Sec.  5.644(d). The commenter stated that since the U.S. 
returned ownership of the Canal Zone to Panama, the location should not 
be listed. Section 5.644 listed the Canal Zone because it is included 
in the applicable statute (see 38 U.S.C. 101(20)). However, we now 
propose to include the Canal Zone in our definition of ``State'' in 
Sec.  5.1, as stated above. Therefore, we propose to remove all 
references to the Canal Zone in proposed Sec.  5.644(d), and simply use 
the term ``State''.
    We received one comment regarding a proposal not to include a part 
5 counterpart to Sec.  3.1605(b), which denies eligibility for 
transportation expenses to ``retired persons hospitalized under section 
5 of Executive Order 10122 . . . issued pursuant to Public Law 351, 
81st Congress, and not as Department of Veterans Affairs 
beneficiaries''. Section 5 of Executive Order 10122 relates to current 
and former servicemembers who had been hospitalized for chronic 
diseases between May and October of 1950. The commenter noted that, in 
a preliminary draft, VA proposed to delete this section. The commenter 
approved removing this section, but only if there was evidence that 
removing it would not affect any veteran's benefits.
    As stated in the AL72 NPRM preamble, we proposed not to include in 
part 5 the rule in current Sec.  3.1605(b) that denies eligibility for 
transportation expenses to ``retired persons

[[Page 71139]]

hospitalized under section 5 of Executive Order 10122 . . . issued 
pursuant to Pub. L. 351, 81st Congress, and not as Department of 
Veterans Affairs beneficiaries.'' Section 5 of Executive Order 10122 
related to current and former servicemembers who had been hospitalized 
for chronic diseases between May and October of 1950. Executive Order 
10122 is more than half a century old and applied to a very small group 
of veterans. The reference is outdated and no longer necessary. In 
response to the comment, we note that if any such claim arises in the 
future, VA will process it under Public Law 351, 81st Congress, and 
Executive Order 10122, so no veterans benefits will be affected by the 
omission from part 5.

Sec.  5.649 Priority of Payments When There is More Than One Claimant

    We propose to clarify initially proposed Sec.  5.649(e) to state 
that ``Any claimant may waive his or her right to receive burial 
benefits in favor of assigning his or her right to another claimant.'' 
This change is consistent with current VA practice.

Sec.  5.651 Effect of Contributions by Government, Public, or Private 
Organizations

    In Sec.  5.651(c)(2), we propose to use active voice to clarify 
that VA will not pay burial allowance in the circumstances stated. We 
also propose to improve readability by changing ``in'' to ``occurring 
during'' before ``active military service'', and removing the comma 
after ``service''.

Technical Corrections

    One commenter pointed out several necessary technical changes and a 
correction that we propose to make. First, we propose to move the 
misplaced opening parenthesis in Sec.  5.636(a)(2)(ii). Second, we 
propose to correct the grammar when referring to interment in 
Sec. Sec.  5.638(c)(2) and 5.643(e)(2) by adding the word ``a'' before 
``State veterans cemetery'', both places these words appear. Finally, 
we propose to correct the date in Sec.  5.653 from ``December 1, 1957'' 
to correctly read ``December 31, 1957'', as provided in the enabling 
statute, 38 U.S.C. 2305.
    In addition to considering any necessary changes to proposed part 5 
regulations based on comments received from the public, we propose to 
make certain technical corrections. For example, we propose to replace 
``in line of duty'' with ``in the line of duty''. In addition, the 
initially proposed rule used ``at the time of death'' interchangeably 
with ``on the date of death''. In most VA claims, the time of death is 
not relevant, only the date of death. The only exception is Sec.  
5.644(b)(6), which discusses whether a veteran was hospitalized by VA 
but was not at the VA facility at the time of death. We therefore 
propose to replace ``at the time of death'' with ``on the date of 
death'' throughout the burial regulations. These changes are meant to 
achieve consistency throughout the part 5 regulations.

XVI. Subpart K: Matters Affecting the Receipt of Benefits

    In a document published in the Federal Register on May 31, 2006, we 
proposed to revise VA regulations governing matters affecting the 
receipt of benefits, to be published in a new 38 CFR part 5. 71 FR 
31056. The title of this proposed rulemaking was ``Matters Affecting 
the Receipt of Benefits'' (RIN: 2900-AM05). We provided a 60-day 
comment period that ended on July 31, 2006. We received submissions 
from four commenters: American Psychiatric Association, Disabled 
American Veterans, the National Organization of Veterans' Advocates, 
and Vietnam Veterans of America.

Sec.  5.660 In the Line of Duty

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.660(a) stated, ``Except as provided in 
Sec.  3.310 of this chapter, VA may grant service connection only for 
an injury, disease, or cause of death that was incurred or aggravated 
in line of duty.'' This was a misstatement of the language in Sec.  
3.301(a) that states, ``. . . service connection may be granted only 
when a disability or cause of death was incurred or aggravated in line 
of duty, and not the result of the veteran's own willful misconduct. . 
.'' Under its authorizing statutes, VA service connects disability or 
death, not injury or disease per se, so we propose to correct Sec.  
5.660(a) to read, ``. . . VA may grant service connection only for a 
disability or death that was incurred or aggravated in the line of 
duty.''
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.660(c)(4) provided that an injury was 
not incurred in the line of duty if it was incurred while the veteran 
was ``Confined under a sentence of civil court for a felony as 
determined under the laws of the jurisdiction where the veteran was 
convicted by such court.'' A virtually identical rule appears in 38 
U.S.C. 105(b). However, we were concerned that the phrase ``civil 
court'' could be misconstrued to exclude a criminal court. Clearly, 
such an interpretation is incorrect as shown by the statutory and 
regulatory references to a felony. We interpret the statutory reference 
to a ``civil'' court to be a reference to a court other than a U.S. 
military court, that is, it refers to a ``civilian'' court, and propose 
to modify the paragraph accordingly.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.660(d) read, ``A service department 
finding that injury, disease, or death occurred in line of duty will be 
binding on VA unless the finding is patently (clearly) inconsistent 
with the laws administered by VA.'' In responding to our proposed rule, 
a commenter opined that use of the terms ``patently'' and ``clearly'' 
created a new evidentiary standard, and suggested that VA ``stick with 
evidentiary standards for which there are precedents in VA law.''
    Under our current regulation, 38 CFR 3.1(m), a service department 
line-of-duty finding is binding on VA unless it is ``patently 
inconsistent with'' VA law. The purpose of this regulatory presumption 
is pro-veteran; VA does not intend to question a service department 
line-of-duty finding unless that finding would lead to a result that is 
contrary to the laws concerning the provision of veterans' benefits. An 
example of such an inconsistent finding might be that a veteran's 
injury was incurred as a result of the abuse of alcohol, but 
nevertheless was in the line of duty. VA could not accept such a 
finding because we are barred from providing service-connected 
disability compensation if ``the disability is the result of . . . 
abuse of alcohol''. 38 U.S.C. 1110.
    The binding nature of a service-department line-of-duty finding is 
a regulatory interpretation of 38 U.S.C. 105(b), which reads that, 
``The requirement for line of duty will not be met'' if the veteran was 
avoiding duty, confined under sentence of court martial or for felony 
charges in a civil court, etcetera. These are all legal issues where, 
as a matter of law, the veteran was not performing a duty for the 
military. There is no need to weigh evidence under such circumstances 
because, as a matter of law, the evidence cannot overcome the statutory 
bar. For this reason, we reject the commenter's suggestion that we use 
a common evidentiary standard of proof in this situation; the question 
is neither about the quality of the evidence, nor the weight of the 
evidence. For these reasons, we also do not describe the evidentiary 
rule as a ``presumption.'' Therefore, we propose not to revise the rule 
to include a standard of proof.
    However, based on the comment, we understand that addition of the 
word ``(clearly)'' caused confusion, leading the commenter to believe 
that this regulation does in fact establish an evidentiary burden. 
Therefore, we

[[Page 71140]]

propose to use the language in current Sec.  3.1(m), which uses the 
word ``patently'', without ``(clearly)''.
    We note that the above analysis does not apply in the same way to 
Sec.  5.661(f), which also proposed to use the phrase, ``patently 
(clearly)'', as discussed below.

Sec.  5.661 Willful Misconduct

    We have determined that the definitions of ``willful misconduct'', 
``proximately caused'', and ``drugs'' proposed in the NPRM should be 
moved into Sec.  5.1, ``General definitions'', because they relate to 
other sections in addition to those found in this subpart.
    One commenter suggested that VA should adjudicate claims in the 
following manner:
     Identify the act that was the proximate cause of the 
disability; and then,
     Determine whether that act constituted willful misconduct.


For the reasons stated below, we propose to make no changes based on 
this comment.
    A chronic disability first shown in service or aggravated by 
service is considered to have been incurred in the line of duty unless 
(1) it is not an injury or disease ``within the meaning of applicable 
legislation'', see 38 CFR 3.303(c); or (2) the evidence shows that the 
disability was due to willful misconduct. A determination of whether 
willful misconduct is the proximate cause of a claimed disability is 
only made when the evidence shows or indicates the disability may have 
been caused by the veteran's willful misconduct. If there is evidence 
that the disability may have been due to willful misconduct, the 
adjudicator develops for additional evidence, if needed. The entire 
body of evidence is reviewed and the determination concerning proximate 
cause and willful misconduct are made at the same time based on the 
same evidence. If the claimed disability was not proximately caused by 
willful misconduct, service connection is granted. We propose to make 
no changes based on this comment because it might lead a reader to 
mistakenly believe that VA develops the issue of willful misconduct in 
every claim for service connection. In addition, we do not believe it 
is generally appropriate to mandate the precise order in which VA 
adjudicators must consider the evidence in a particular adjudication, 
because the most effective order may depend on the facts of the case.
    One commenter expressed the opinion that the words ``substance,'' 
``alcohol,'' ``addiction,'' and ``frequent'' should be defined. We 
decline to do so by regulation because these words have commonly 
understood meanings. We propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    One commenter noted that VA referred to alcohol and drugs 
separately, which could cause confusion because, the commenter 
asserted, alcohol is also a drug. In 38 U.S.C. 105(a), Congress 
identified the use of alcohol and drugs, separately. 38 U.S.C. 105(a) 
(barring a line-of-duty finding where injury or disease was a result of 
``abuse of alcohol or drugs''). Our regulation uses both terms for 
consistency with the statute.
    One commenter was concerned with whether the frequency of use or 
the addiction of the user was to be used by VA to determine willful 
misconduct. The commenter suggested the regulation be amended to 
clarify which standard was to be used. There are two issues here. 
First, whether the addiction itself may be service connected, and 
second, whether a disability that was proximately caused by frequency 
of use or addiction to alcohol or drugs may be service-connected. The 
law is clear that primary disability of addiction, at least when such 
addiction is due to alcohol or drug abuse, cannot be service connected. 
38 U.S.C. 1110. We propose to make no changes based on this portion of 
the comment.
    Neither frequency of use nor addiction of the user determines 
whether an event is due to willful misconduct. Rather, the 
determination is based on whether the veteran was intoxicated by drugs 
or alcohol at the time of the event that caused the disability, and 
whether that intoxication was the proximate cause of the disability. 
See Sec.  5.661(c)(1)(i) and (ii), (c)(2)(i) and (ii). Because VA 
considers neither addiction nor frequency of use to determine whether 
the specific event that caused the disability was due to use of 
alcohol, drugs, or other substances, we propose to remove initially 
proposed paragraph (c)(2)(i), renumber the remaining paragraphs in (c), 
and remove the reference to addiction from proposed (c)(2)(v).
    A commenter asserted that the use of the phrase ``isolated and 
infrequent'', in initially proposed paragraph (c)(2)(i), was 
contradictory because ``isolated'' suggests a one-time use and 
``infrequent'' means multiple uses. One commenter recommended that 
there be a regulatory requirement that addiction to alcohol, drugs, or 
other substances, or other use disorders, be determined by a 
psychiatrist on a medical basis. Because we are removing paragraph 
(c)(2)(i) and the reference to addiction in proposed paragraph 
(c)(2)(v) (now (c)(2)(iv)), these comments are moot and we propose to 
make no changes based upon them.
    One commenter felt the regulation should be revised conceptually, 
and modernized to preclude a finding of ``willful misconduct'' on the 
basis of a claimant's medically documented drug addiction or drug 
abuse. The commenter noted that the influence of drug addiction or 
abuse affects a veteran's ability to formulate sufficient intent and to 
appreciate the consequences of his or her actions. Another commenter 
expressed the opinion that the determination of proximate cause should 
be separated in the regulatory scheme from willful misconduct and that 
the determination should focus on the act causing the disability. We 
are prohibited from amending the regulations to comply with these 
comments. The prohibition against granting service connection for 
willful misconduct and the prohibition against granting service 
connection for disability caused by alcohol or drug abuse is contained 
in 38 U.S.C. 105(a), which reads, ``An injury or disease incurred 
during active military . . . service will be deemed to have been 
incurred in line of duty . . . unless such injury or disease was a 
result of the person's own willful misconduct or abuse of alcohol or 
drugs.'' Thus, we cannot make any changes based on these comments 
because the suggested changes are beyond our statutory authority.
    One commenter discussed Sec.  5.661(c), stating that after VA 
determines that a person was intoxicated at the time of committing a 
particular act, the next step should be a determination of whether the 
person was mentally capable of committing the act in a deliberate or 
intentional manner with knowledge of, or wanton and reckless disregard 
of, its probable consequences. The commenter speculated that an 
intoxicated person may not be capable of forming the intent. While 
intent is an element in willful misconduct determinations, intent is 
not an element in determining whether alcohol or drug abuse was the 
proximate cause of the disability. In 38 U.S.C. 105, Congress made a 
distinction between willful misconduct, an act with an intent element, 
and abuse of alcohol or drugs, an act without an intent element. Since 
abuse of alcohol or drugs has no intent element, we propose to make no 
changes based on this comment.
    One commenter stated that initially proposed ``[Sec.  ] 5.661(c) 
provides that `intoxication' can be considered `willful misconduct' if 
it is the `proximate cause' of the claimed disability or death.'' The 
commenter then opined that under the

[[Page 71141]]

proposed regulation VA would use an indirect finding of intoxication in 
order to find willful misconduct, instead of basing that finding on the 
act causing the disability or death. This is not correct. In Sec.  
5.661(c)(1)(i), we stated, ``If a person consumes alcoholic beverages 
to the point of intoxication and that intoxication proximately causes 
injury, disease, or death, VA will consider the injury, disease, or 
death to have been proximately caused by willful misconduct.'' Alcohol 
or drug abuse that does not cause a disability or death is not willful 
misconduct. Alcohol or drug abuse that causes disability or death, 
whether because of impaired physical capability or judgment, or both, 
is willful misconduct. We therefore propose to make no changes based on 
this comment.
    One commenter expressed the opinion that the provisions of Sec.  
5.661(a) and (b) that prohibit granting service connection, and because 
of that prohibition dependency and indemnity compensation, as a result 
of a veteran's misconduct, were an expansion of the current prohibition 
and unfair to innocent survivors. This commenter noted that this issue 
was being litigated, at the time of the preparation of the commenter's 
comment. However, after the commenter submitted the comment, the U.S. 
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) decided 
Myore v. Nicholson, 489 F.3d 1207 (Fed. Cir. 2007). In Myore, the 
Federal Circuit held that ``38 U.S.C. 1310 authorizes DIC for the 
survivors of a servicemember who dies while on active duty if the death 
is not the result of the servicemember's own willful misconduct.'' Id. 
at 1212. The Federal Circuit agreed with VA's long-standing 
interpretation of the statutes that willful misconduct, for purposes of 
death benefits and as the cause of death, prohibits the servicemember's 
survivors from being granted benefits. Because the part 5 rule is 
consistent with Myore, we propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.661(d)(2)(iii) read, ``A reasonable, 
adequate motive for suicide may be established by affirmative evidence 
showing circumstances which could lead a rational person to self-
destruction.'' In Sec.  5.3(e), we propose to state that ``VA may 
consider the weight of an absence of evidence in support of, or 
against, a particular fact or issue.'' Although we are not aware of any 
particular cases in which VA reversed a service department finding of 
mental unsoundness based on the absence of any evidence of record 
corroborating such finding of mental unsoundness, our regulation should 
not foreclose the possibility. We therefore propose to remove the word 
``affirmative'' from Sec.  5.661(d)(2)(iii) and insert the word 
``competent'' in its place. We note as well that although this may be 
viewed as a restrictive change, in fact and practice, VA never intended 
a result other than that which is compelled by the revision.
    The same commenter opined that the requirement in Sec.  
5.661(d)(2)(iii) that suicide not be considered an act of mental 
unsoundness if the evidence shows that the deceased had a ``reasonable, 
adequate motive for suicide'' is a ``heretofore unknown[ ] standard of 
evidence'' that requires VA to make ``grim, heartless, and at their 
center, irrational decisions.'' First, the requirement of a showing of 
a ``reasonable, adequate motive'' is not ``heretofore unknown''. 
Section 5.661(d)(2)(iii) restates current Sec.  3.302(b)(2), which also 
uses the phrase ``reasonable adequate motive''. Second, this 
evidentiary rule has not led VA to make irrational decisions in 
determinations concerning suicide, and most cases involving suicide 
are, quite understandably, ``grim''. We see no reason to change VA 
policy based on this comment. However, we propose to add a comma after 
the second word of the paragraph, changing the wording from ``A 
reasonable adequate motive'' to ``A reasonable, adequate motive''. We 
propose this change in order to clarify that the word, ``reasonable'' 
modifies ``motive'' and not ``adequate.''
    The same commenter argued against the use of the ``affirmative 
evidence'' standard in Sec.  5.661(d)(2)(iii) because the commenter 
believed that ``affirmative evidence'' was a quantitative level of 
proof that is less than a preponderance. The commenter opined that the 
standard of proof was too low to determine whether suicide was due to 
willful misconduct, and urged VA to adopt a ``clear and convincing 
evidence'' standard. We propose to make no changes based on this 
comment for several reasons. First, as explained above, we are 
eliminating the reference to ``affirmative evidence''. Second, that 
standard is a qualitative one--it describes the nature of the 
evidence--and not a quantitative one. Thus, it has no effect on the 
burden of proof and could not be read to permit VA to find that suicide 
was not evidence of mental unsoundness based on less than a 
preponderance of the evidence. To the extent that the commenter 
believes that such a finding ought to be based on more than a 
preponderance of the evidence, we note, as discussed in the preamble to 
Sec.  5.3, that the statutory default standard for rebutting findings 
favorable to a claimant is the preponderance standard. The application 
of a higher standard is appropriate only when a law mandates that 
higher standard.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.661(e) we repeated current Sec.  
3.301(c)(1) which states, ``[W]hether the veteran complied with service 
regulations and directives for reporting the disease and undergoing 
treatment is immaterial after November 14, 1972, and the service 
department characterization of acquisition of the disease as willful 
misconduct or as not in the line of duty will not govern.'' We have 
determined that this provision is unnecessary because it potentially 
conflicts with the first sentence of Sec.  5.661(e) (based on the first 
sentence of Sec.  3.301(c)(1)), which simply states, ``VA will not 
consider the residuals of venereal disease to be the result of willful 
misconduct.'' Moreover, it has been decades since the military services 
penalized servicemembers for failing to promptly report venereal 
disease (see 37 FR 20336 (Sep. 29, 1972)), so the sentence is outdated. 
We therefore propose not to include it in Sec.  5.661(e).
    Finally, regarding Sec.  5.661(f), we address the proposal to 
replace the ``patently (clearly) inconsistent'' standard to rebut a 
service-department finding that a particular injury, disease, or death 
was not due to willful misconduct. As to the line-of-duty presumption 
in Sec.  5.660(d), discussed above, we removed the word ``(clearly)'' 
because it gave the wrong impression that that rule established an 
evidentiary presumption. But unlike Sec. Sec.  5.660(d) and current 
3.1(m), Sec. Sec.  5.661(f) and current 3.1(n) do in fact establish an 
evidentiary presumption. The current rule reads: ``A service department 
finding that injury, disease or death was not due to misconduct will be 
binding on [VA] unless it is patently inconsistent with the facts and 
the requirements of laws administered by [VA].'' Because the 
presumption must be consistent with both fact and law, determining 
whether it has been rebutted requires factual determinations, weighing 
evidence, and applying the law to those factual determinations. Indeed, 
the mere process of determining a cause of an injury is quite different 
from the question presented in a line-of-duty determination, as to 
which the only relevant inquiry is whether there is a legal bar to VA's 
adoption of the service department's finding. Here, then, it does make 
sense for VA to adopt an evidentiary standard.
    We note that Sec. Sec.  3.1(n) and 5.661(f) apply only where there 
has been a service department finding that would tend to be favorable 
to a claimant, that

[[Page 71142]]

is, that a particular injury, disease, or death was not due to willful 
misconduct. In cases where there has been no such finding, or where the 
service department found that an injury, disease, or death was due to 
willful misconduct, VA must review the evidence as it does any other 
factual issue, and determine whether the preponderance of the evidence 
shows that the veteran's claimed condition is service connected, with 
misconduct being one relevant factual question. Cf. Thomas v. 
Nicholson, 423 F.3d 1279, 1280 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (``concluding that a 
`preponderance of evidence' establishing willful misconduct is 
sufficient to rebut a presumption of service-connection for peacetime 
disabilities under Sec.  105(a)''). Additionally, this pro-claimant 
presumption is not created by statute, and we are free to establish by 
regulation an appropriate standard of proof.
    In this case, we mean to adopt the elevated ``clearly and 
unmistakably'' standard suggested by the commenter. Although the 
general standard for rebutting a presumption is the preponderance 
standard (see Sec.  5.3, ``Standards of Proof''), in this case, VA is 
rebutting a finding made by another agency based on that agency's 
specific review of the veteran's circumstances. Thus, unlike, for 
example, a presumption that a veteran who served in Vietnam was exposed 
to herbicides, which applies to all veterans, the service department's 
willful misconduct finding is particular to one veteran, and is based 
on the facts of that veteran's case. Therefore, it is appropriate here 
to raise the evidentiary threshold to rebut that finding.

Sec.  5.662 Alcohol and Drug Abuse

    We propose to delete from the definition of alcohol abuse in Sec.  
5.662(a)(1), the requirement that the abuse be ``sufficient to 
proximately cause injury, disease, or death to the person consuming 
such beverages.'' The proximate cause requirement is addressed in 
paragraph (b), and it was redundant to include it in the definition. 
This makes the definition consistent with the definition of ``drug 
abuse'' in paragraph (a)(2), and with the use of the term ``abuse of 
alcohol'' throughout the regulation.

Sec.  5.663 Homicide as a Bar to VA Benefits

    One commenter wanted VA to consider mercy killings of terminally 
ill veterans as a justifiable homicide. This commenter equated a mercy 
killing with a veteran's suicide. We propose to make no changes based 
on this comment. Federal law prohibits mercy killings. See 18 U.S.C. 
Chapter 51, Homicide. As a matter of policy, VA will not make 
regulations which would encourage anyone to violate Federal law.
    One commenter objected to Sec.  5.663(d), noting that many states 
permit a finding of guilty of homicide where the killing happened 
during the commission of another crime (the felony murder rule), or 
where an intoxicated person causes an automobile accident that kills 
someone else. The commenter suggested that we amend Sec.  5.663(d) to 
accept only a court of law conviction of intentional homicide as 
binding on VA.
    We agree that such a change would be consistent with Sec.  
5.663(a), where we define homicide as ``intentionally causing the death 
of a person without excuse or justification.'' We therefore propose to 
insert the phrase, ``Subject to the requirement of intent in paragraph 
(a),'' before the phrase, ``VA will accept a court of law conviction of 
homicide as binding'' in paragraph (d)(1).
    A commenter noted that while we allow insanity as a defense to 
homicide, we did not define insanity. The commenter urged VA to revise 
the regulatory language to include all legally permissible excuses for 
homicide culpability, such as from intoxication, mental immaturity, low 
intelligence, and other factors. We agree that a regulatory definition 
of insanity is needed, but we have already provided one elsewhere in 
proposed Part 5. In Sec.  5.1, RIN 2900-AL87, General Provisions, 71 FR 
16461, Mar. 31, 2006, now proposed Sec.  5.1, we proposed to define 
``insanity,'' as a defense to commission of an act, as meaning a person 
was laboring under such a defect of reason resulting from injury, 
disease, or mental deficiency as not to know or understand the nature 
or consequence of the act, or that what he or she was doing was wrong. 
Behavior that is attributable to a personality disorder does not 
satisfy the definition of insanity. This definition excuses mental 
immaturity and low intelligence, as urged by the commenter, to the 
extent that these qualities prevent the affected person from knowing or 
understanding the nature or consequences of their act or that what he 
or she was doing was wrong.
    We propose to decline to include intoxication as a legally 
permissible excuse for homicide in the definition of insanity. 
Congress, in 38 U.S.C. 105 and 1110, specifically prohibited VA from 
paying compensation for disabilities due to abuse of alcohol or drugs. 
It would be inconsistent with Congress' intent if we were to prohibit 
granting service connection to a veteran because of a disability 
proximately due to the abuse of alcohol or drugs, but to allow the 
abuse of alcohol or drugs to be an excuse for homicide or to be 
included in the definition of insanity for any purpose. While Congress 
has not prohibited VA from including abuse of alcohol or drugs in our 
definition of insanity, allowing the abuse of alcohol or drugs to be 
used as an excuse in those determinations requiring the formation of an 
intent to do an act would be inconsistent with Congressional intent and 
VA policy. This is a reasonable gap-filling decision within the 
Secretary's power under 38 U.S.C. 501(a) to promulgate regulations to 
carry out the laws administered by the Department. We therefore propose 
to make no changes based on this comment.
    One commenter asked that VA consider including regulatory language 
to allow all legally permissible excuses for homicide culpability, 
reasoning that if intent is required to bar benefits for homicide, a 
lack of intent for any reason should excuse the homicide and allow 
eligibility for benefits. As we stated in the proposed regulation, 
``homicide means intentionally causing death''. This language requires 
that the person who caused the death have the intent to do so, and 
therefore we propose not to make any changes based on this comment.
    One commenter suggested that we accept as binding all court 
decisions, civil as well as criminal, in Sec.  5.663(d)(1). As 
explained in the NPRM, we chose to accept as binding a conviction in a 
criminal judicial proceeding because of the higher standard of proof 
required for a criminal conviction, which is guilt beyond a reasonable 
doubt. We noted in the NPRM that this is a higher standard than is 
applicable in civil matters. As stated in the NPRM, we chose not to use 
a finding of liability in a civil court proceeding because of the lower 
standard used in those proceedings. We therefore propose to make no 
changes based on this comment.
    This commenter noted that, in Sec.  5.663(e), concerning the effect 
of a court of law proceeding on VA findings of insanity at the time of 
the killing, we did not specify what type of finding must be made. The 
commenter noted that the finding of insanity could be expressed as a 
verdict, for example, not guilty by reason of insanity, or be a finding 
of fact within the court's decision. In Sec.  5.663(e), we stated, ``VA 
will accept as binding a court's determination that a person was insane 
at the time of the killing.'' It is immaterial whether the 
determination is

[[Page 71143]]

announced in the verdict or in the body of the written decision. If a 
court determines the person was insane at the time of the killing, VA 
will accept that determination in whatever form the court chooses to 
issue the determination. We propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    This commenter then stated that if a court does not make the 
determination, then VA will need to make the determination. The 
commenter opined that, that determination should be based on a 
psychiatrist's objective review and an independent medical opinion, not 
solely on VA's consultation with a psychiatrist or an opinion from a 
psychiatrist employed by the VA. While an independent medical opinion 
is an option we may use when needed, one is not required in all cases. 
In Sec.  5.92, we explained the situations in which VA will request an 
independent medical opinion. Absent a medical problem of such obscurity 
or complexity, or one that has generated such controversy in the 
medical community at large, we need not solicit an independent medical 
opinion. VA will determine on a case-by-case basis whether an 
independent medical opinion is needed for us to decide whether the 
veteran's actions constituted willful misconduct. As to the requirement 
of a non-VA psychiatric opinion, VA's psychiatrists and psychologists 
are experts, and we have no reason to believe that their opinions are 
biased against providing benefits to veterans. We propose to make no 
changes based on this comment because VA has an adequate system for 
obtaining medical opinions from VA psychiatrists or psychologists as 
needed, or obtaining an independent medical opinion when one is needed.
    One commenter opposed the Sec.  5.663(c)(2) requirement that the 
person have ``no way to escape or retreat in order to'' justify a 
finding that a killing was in self-defense. The commenter felt that 
this may create an unjust hardship on claimants and may deprive some 
claimants of benefits, even though they did not violate their state's 
laws or any federal criminal statute. The commenter noted that some 
states do not require a threatened person to flee and have ``stand your 
ground'' laws that allow a person to defend himself or herself without 
requiring the person to attempt to escape or retreat from the 
situation.
    While some states have enacted ``stand your ground'' laws, many 
others have not. We note that, according to Corpus Juris Secundum, 
``generally, one who seeks to excuse a homicide on the ground of self-
defense must show that he did all he reasonably could to avoid the 
killing; before resorting to the use of deadly force the person 
attacked must retreat if he or she is consciously aware of an open, 
safe, and available avenue of escape.'' 40 C.J.S. 133 (2008). VA has 
applied the duty-to-retreat requirement for many years and has not 
found that it produces unjust results. Moreover, it is appropriate for 
VA to continue to apply this duty because it is still followed in most 
jurisdictions.
    One commenter was concerned that this regulation does not establish 
procedures or standards for adjudicating whether the homicide was 
intentional. This issue would not be adjudicated any differently than 
any other factual issue presented in a particular case. There are no 
special procedures applicable to a finding of intentional homicide, and 
we propose not to adopt any based on this comment.
    However, we do propose to make certain revisions based on this 
comment and our review of this regulation. We have determined that an 
elevated standard of proof should apply to determinations of 
intentional homicide because the generally applicable ``preponderance 
of the evidence'' standard does not afford the claimant sufficient 
protection. As noted in the NPRM for this regulation, we accept a 
criminal conviction as proof that the person convicted did the killing 
because of the high standard of proof (``beyond a reasonable doubt'') 
used in criminal prosecutions. It is inconsistent with this high 
standard of proof to require only a preponderance of the evidence to 
support a finding that a claimant intentionally committed homicide in 
cases where the claimant was not convicted of such a crime. Thus, we 
propose to adopt the ``clearly and unmistakably'' standard of proof in 
the revised regulation.
    Additionally, in initially proposed Sec.  5.663(d)(2), we stated 
that we will ``determine whether the person was guilty'' of homicide. 
But this is not correct. VA does not make determinations of guilt or 
innocence; VA makes administrative determinations concerning benefit 
entitlement. Hence, we propose to remove this statement from the 
regulation.
    Additionally, Sec.  5.663(e) stated that ``VA will develop the 
necessary evidence'' to determine whether a person is guilty. This 
instruction was redundant because there are other provisions of part 5 
that adequately address the development of claims. We therefore propose 
to remove the phrase, ``will develop the necessary evidence and'' from 
the sentence.
    One commenter felt that VA adjudicators were not trained and 
experienced enough in criminal or tort law to properly adjudicate 
claims involving homicide. This commenter felt that the regulation was 
vague and implied that this vagueness violated the due process rights 
of claimants. The commenter was also concerned that this regulation did 
not specifically provide for development of evidence except for that 
relied on in a court hearing. The commenter felt that documentary 
evidence is inherently hearsay evidence (citing the Federal Rules of 
Evidence, sec. 801(c)) and was not a proper basis for making a 
determination of this complexity and gravity, and that VA intended to 
make a decision based only on a paper or record review. The commenter 
also noted that the claimant in such a situation lacks the ability to 
confront an adverse witness under oath. The commenter expressed the 
opinion that this type of claim may only properly be determined in an 
adversarial proceeding with formal rules of evidence. For the following 
reasons, we propose to make no changes based on these comments.
    This regulation is an expansion of 38 CFR 3.11, ``Homicide'', and 
incorporates the provisions of 38 CFR 3.11 and long-standing VA 
procedures for determining entitlement to benefits when a killing is 
involved. While it does not include specific provisions for the 
procedures to be followed in making the determination of whether the 
claimant intentionally killed another without excuse or justification, 
the procedures in Sec.  5.90 for developing and adjudicating a claim 
will be followed. There is no reason to include the procedures in this 
regulation when they are included elsewhere. Proposed Sec.  5.663 is 
not intended to be a replacement for any criminal or civil legal 
proceeding concerning the death of a veteran or other beneficiary and 
we decline to adopt the standards applicable to a criminal or civil 
court proceeding. This regulation is not intended to function as a 
stand-alone regulation but is to be read in conjunction with the other 
applicable regulations concerning the provision of VA benefits. We 
propose not to create special provisions for procedures for this type 
of claim since no special procedures are needed.
    We disagree that this regulation is vague. It is very specific 
concerning what constitutes a homicide, what is an excuse or 
justification for a homicide, and what impact a homicide has on 
claimants. The regulation provides specific notice to claimants that a 
killing that would otherwise provide or increase the killer's benefits, 
unless excused or with justification, will result

[[Page 71144]]

in a denial of benefits. This regulation, when applied in concert with 
the other applicable VA regulations governing provision of benefits, 
provides full due process rights to the claimant.
    We disagree that we will make decisions based only on paper 
evidence. While documentary evidence is normally what VA uses in 
adjudicating a claim, every claimant has a right to a hearing and to 
present evidence at that hearing. Determinations concerning homicide 
are not excluded from the right to a hearing and to present testimony 
and evidence at the hearing. We also disagree that documentary evidence 
is inherently hearsay evidence and therefore not appropriate for 
deciding a matter of this complexity and gravity. The Federal Rules of 
Evidence, in addition to the definition of hearsay cited by the 
commenter, also provide in sections 803, 804, and 807 exceptions to the 
hearsay rule. Fed. R. Evid. 803, 804, and 807. Most evidence considered 
by VA in adjudicating claims falls within one of these exceptions. 
However, even if the evidence does not fall within one of these 
exceptions, VA is still required to ``consider all information and lay 
and medical evidence of record in a case before the Secretary with 
respect to benefits under laws administered by the Secretary.'' 38 
U.S.C. 5107(b).
    We also disagree that VA adjudicators are not trained and 
experienced enough to properly adjudicate claims involving homicide. 
First, VA adjudicators do not adjudicate claims under criminal or tort 
laws, so it is irrelevant whether they are trained to adjudicate such 
matters. VA adjudicators make administrative decisions based on the 
laws and regulations providing for benefits. Second, VA has an 
extensive training program for VA adjudicators, which includes training 
in determining if a killing was a homicide. Additionally, every agency 
of original jurisdiction has an Office of Regional Counsel available to 
advise the adjudicators. If criminal or tort law is involved, VA 
adjudicators may contact the Regional Counsel, or the Office of General 
Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, or other offices as 
appropriate, for advice and guidance. We propose to make no changes 
based on this comment.
    In addition to the changes to Sec.  5.663 discussed above, we 
propose to alphabetically reorder the definitions in paragraph (a) to 
make them easier to find and to be consistent with similar lists within 
part 5. Finally, we propose to remove the references to ``benefits 
awarded, but unpaid at death'' from Sec.  5.663(f)(6). For the reasons 
stated in the preamble to Sec.  5.550, and those that follow, we 
propose not to include that term in part 5.

Sec.  5.676 Forfeiture for Fraud

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.676(b)(5) authorized the suspension of 
benefits when a case is recommended for forfeiture for fraud, but it 
did not clearly state the date that the suspension would begin. We 
propose to revise the rule by adding an effective date that is 
consistent with current part 3 and the manual provisions in the Manual 
M21-1MR. We made a similar provision in Sec.  5.677(b)(5), concerning 
forfeiture for treasonable acts.

Sec.  5.678 Forfeiture for Subversive Activity

    In proposed Sec.  5.678(b)(2)(ii), we propose to change ``first day 
of the month that follows the month for which VA last paid benefits'' 
to ``day benefits were suspended'', to improve readability.

Sec.  5.679 Forfeiture Decision Procedures

    One commenter noted a typographic error in Sec.  5.679(b)(6). We 
propose to correct that error by replacing ``Information about that 
fees'' with ``Information that fees''.
    One commenter objected to the term ``recommendation for 
forfeiture'' used in both Sec. Sec.  5.676 and 5.679, observing that 
the term is not defined. This commenter felt the term, without a 
definition, is overly broad. We propose to make no changes based on 
this comment. While the commenter is correct that we do not define the 
term ``recommendation for forfeiture,'' the term's use in relationship 
to VA benefits is explained in Sec.  5.679. In this regulation, we 
explain who may file a recommendation for forfeiture, what the 
procedures for preparing a recommendation for forfeiture are, and who 
the official is that will make a decision on the recommendation for 
forfeiture. This procedure is largely unchanged from the previous 
regulations and is long-standing VA policy.
    The phrase is self-explanatory. Both ``forfeiture'' and 
``recommendation'' have the meanings commonly assigned them by 
dictionaries of the English language. We do not propose to define the 
phrase since there is no need to define the phrase as it is not overly 
broad or subject to multiple interpretations. We therefore propose to 
make no changes based on this comment.
    One commenter was concerned that Sec.  5.679 would deny the 
claimant due process of law by suspending payments of any benefits 
before a final decision has been made on whether to invoke forfeiture. 
For the following reasons, we propose to make no changes based on this 
comment.
    The forfeiture sections of the new Part 5 regulations, Sec. Sec.  
5.676 and 5.679, do not change VA's procedures for determining 
forfeiture or for suspending payments for forfeiture. Section 
5.676(b)(5) provides that benefits will be suspended if forfeiture for 
fraud is recommended in accordance with Sec.  5.679. Proposed Sec.  
5.679 provides that before a recommendation for forfeiture is made, the 
recommending Regional Counsel, or in the Philippines, the Veterans 
Service Center Manager (VSCM), must provide written notice to the 
beneficiary or claimant of the specific charges against the person, a 
detailed statement of the evidence supporting the charges, a citation 
and discussion of the applicable statute, the right to file a statement 
or evidence within 60 days of the notice, the right to a hearing within 
60 days after the notice with representation of the person's choosing, 
the limitations on fees any representative may charge the beneficiary 
or claimant, and information that fees for representation are limited 
and that VA will not pay expenses incurred by a claimant, his or her 
counsel, or witnesses. Only after all of these procedures are followed 
will a Regional Counsel, or in the Philippines, the VSCM, make a 
recommendation for forfeiture. These procedures provide the person 
subject to the forfeiture with full due process rights.
    The commenter also felt that it would be impossible to determine 
when the suspension of benefit payments would take place since there is 
no definition of ``recommendation for forfeiture''. The commenter also 
asserted that under the proposed rules, it is unclear whether a 
recommendation for forfeiture is different from a final decision on 
forfeiture. We propose to make no changes based on these comments.
    The date of suspension of benefit payments based on a 
recommendation for forfeiture is clearly stated in Sec.  5.676(b)(5) 
(regarding suspension for fraud). Benefit payments will be suspended 
when the recommendation for forfeiture is filed with the Director of 
the Compensation Service or personnel of that service designated by the 
Director to determine whether a claimant or payee has forfeited the 
right to all VA benefits except insurance payments. The regulation is 
clear in explaining that the suspension occurs when the recommendation 
for forfeiture is filed with the appropriate official by Regional 
Counsel or the Manila VSCM.
    Likewise, the regulations are clear in explaining that a 
recommendation for forfeiture is different from a final

[[Page 71145]]

decision on forfeiture. Under Sec.  5.679, a recommendation for 
forfeiture is made by a VA official described in paragraph (a)(2) and 
the final decision is made by a VA official described in paragraph 
(a)(1). Nevertheless, to avoid the possibility of confusion on this 
point, we propose to revise paragraph (a)(2) of Sec.  5.679 by changing 
the phrase ``such official'' to ``an official described in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section''.

Sec.  5.680 Revocation of Forfeiture

    In Sec.  5.680(b)(1), we propose to change the sentence, ``VA will 
remit a forfeiture upon a showing that the forfeiture decision involved 
clear and unmistakable error'', to replace the word ``involved'' with 
``was the product of'', to clearly show the role that the error must 
have played in leading to the forfeiture decision. This is merely a 
clarification. We also propose to reorganize the contents of paragraph 
(b) for clarity.
    The term ``remission'' (the term used in 38 U.S.C. 6103(d)(2) and 
current VA regulations in part 3) may not be commonly understood by the 
public and we therefore propose to replace it with ``revocation''. We 
propose to make conforming changes of ``remit'' to ``revoke''.

Sec.  5.681 Effective Dates: Forfeiture

    In paragraphs (b)(1) and (3), we propose to change ``starting 
date'' to ``effective date''. We do not use the term ``starting date'' 
in part 5.

Sec.  5.683 Renouncement of Benefits

    One commenter recommended removing this section because in a 
situation where the person renouncing the benefit is not the guardian 
or custodian of the veteran's child, an unjust result may occur and the 
child may lose benefits.
    If a surviving spouse of a veteran is receiving DIC and is not the 
guardian or custodian of the veteran's child, then the veteran's 
child's portion of the DIC would have been or would be apportioned to 
the veteran's child (and paid to the custodian or guardian of the 
child). The surviving spouse's renouncement of benefits would not 
affect the amount paid based on the existence of a child. The commenter 
was incorrect in implying that the renouncement would affect the amount 
paid based on the existence of a child. We therefore propose to make no 
changes based on this comment.
    As initially proposed, Sec.  5.683(b) stated that a fiduciary may 
not renounce benefits on behalf of a beneficiary. The main duties of a 
fiduciary are to preserve and disburse funds that the beneficiary is 
entitled to receive. However, if a fiduciary is court appointed or a 
guardian of a minor child, this person may have the authority to act in 
the stead of the beneficiary and renounce benefits on behalf of the 
beneficiary, if it is to the beneficiary's advantage. In order to avoid 
any confusion as to what type of fiduciary is able to renounce benefits 
on behalf of the beneficiary, we propose to remove the phrase ``by a 
fiduciary'' from initially proposed Sec.  5.683(b).
    In reviewing initially proposed Sec.  5.683, we noted that it did 
not address renouncement by a person who VA has determined is entitled, 
but who is not yet receiving benefits. VA has always permitted such 
persons to renounce benefits, so we propose to change ``beneficiary'' 
to ``a person entitled to that benefit'' in (b) and (d)(1) to clarify 
that point.

XVII. Subpart L: Payments and Adjustments to Payments

A. Payments and Adjustments to Payments AM06

    In a document published in the Federal Register on October 31, 
2008, we proposed to rewrite VA regulations governing payments and 
adjustments to payments, to be published in new 38 CFR part 5. 73 FR 
65212. We provided a 60-day comment period that ended on December 30, 
2008. We received a submission from one commenter, National 
Organization of Veterans' Advocates, Inc.

Sec.  5.690 Where to Find Benefit Rates and Income Limits

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.690 listed benefit programs as a 
continuous series. To aid readability, we have revised this series to 
read as two enumerated lists. Paragraph (a) would list the benefits for 
which VA publishes rates. Paragraph (b) would list the benefits for 
which VA publishes income limitations.
    Although 38 CFR 3.21, from which Sec.  5.690 derives, does not 
include death compensation in its list of benefits for which VA 
publishes rates, it has always been VA's practice to publish death 
compensation rates. We therefore propose to add the term ``death 
compensation'' to proposed Sec.  5.690.

Sec.  5.691 Adjustments for Fractions of Dollars

    The commenter stated, ``For consistency with section 5.691(b), 
section 5.691(c) should also require rounding up, rather than down, to 
the nearest dollar, the amount of Improved Pension or Section 306 
Pension payable.'' Section 5312(c)(2) of title 38 U.S.C., which governs 
the rounding of the rates and income limitations for the benefits 
listed in proposed Sec.  5.691(b). It gives the Secretary discretion to 
round such rates and income limitations in a manner that he or she 
``considers equitable and appropriate for ease of administration.'' 
Another statute, 38 U.S.C. 5123 of title 38 U.S.C. governs rounding of 
payments of the pension benefits to which proposed Sec.  5.691(c) 
applies. It prescribes rounding payments down to the nearest dollar. In 
contrast to section 5312(c)(2), section 5123 does not authorize the 
Secretary to vary from that practice according to his or her 
discretion. Because a statute requires that the pension rates covered 
in Sec.  5.691(c) be rounded down, we propose to make no change based 
on the commenter's suggestion.

Sec.  5.693 Beginning Date for Certain VA Benefit Payments

    The commenter indicated that this section ``should provide for 
payments beginning as of the effective date, rather than as of the 
first day of the month after the month in which the payment becomes 
effective.'' The commenter urged VA to make this change in order to 
``be consistent with section 5.705 which institutes a reduction or 
suspension as of the effective date.'' Pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 5111(a), 
payment of a VA benefit ``may not be made to an individual for any 
period before the first day of the calendar month following the month 
in which the award or increased award became effective.'' Thus, we lack 
the authority to make the change suggested.
    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.693(b). We propose 
to replace a reference to ``payment'' with ``award or increased award'' 
and add ``or increased award'' to a reference to ``award''. We made the 
former change to correct an error and the latter change to clarify the 
provision. Further, as initially proposed, the title purported to state 
the beginning date of certain benefits, but the regulation text 
actually required the reader to infer the beginning date of payments 
from the negative statement, ``[B]enefits . . . will not be paid for 
any period before the first day of the month after the month in which 
the award or increased award becomes effective.'' This preclusion 
against paying before a certain time does not inform the reader, or 
instruct VA, when payments will begin. We propose to state the rule 
affirmatively: ``VA will pay benefits identified in this paragraph 
beginning the first day of the month after the month in which the award 
or increased award becomes effective,

[[Page 71146]]

except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.''
    We propose to revise initially proposed paragraph (c) by restating 
it in the active voice. We also propose to delete the statement that 
paragraph (b) does not apply to the benefits listed in paragraph (c). 
It is unnecessary, because paragraph (b) would already state that it 
applies, ``except'' to paragraph (c).
    We propose to revise Sec.  5.693(c)(4)(iii) to reflect the 
terminology used in VA's regulations regarding the reduction of 
compensation and pension based on the receipt of hospital, domiciliary, 
or nursing home care. See Sec. Sec.  5.720 to 5.730. Initially proposed 
Sec.  5.693(c)(4)(iii) referred to ``hospitalization'' and 
``institutionalization''. With respect to specific types of VA care or 
VA facilities, the terms ``institution'', ``institutional'', and 
``institutionalization'' are obsolete. Further, reductions based on the 
receipt of domiciliary care or nursing home care are similar to, and in 
some instances the same as, reductions based on the receipt of hospital 
care.
    Section 605 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 2885-86 (2010), 
amended 38 U.S.C. 5111 to create a new exception to the general rule on 
the beginning date for VA benefit payments for veterans who were 
retired or separated from the active military service for a 
catastrophic disability. We propose to incorporate this exception into 
Sec.  5.693 by adding new paragraphs (c)(10) and (e).

Sec.  5.694 Deceased Beneficiary

    In the NPRM AM06, VA inadvertently omitted the provision in current 
38 CFR 3.500(g)(1). To correct this, we propose to add this provision 
as Sec.  5.694. We have renumbered initially proposed Sec.  5.694 as 
Sec.  5.695, and initially proposed Sec.  5.695 as Sec.  5.696. We also 
omitted from the initial NPRMs an equivalent to 38 CFR 3.500(g)(3) 
without an explanation for its exclusion. Section 3.500(g)(3) provides 
an effective date for discontinuance of an award of ``retirement pay'' 
administered by VA upon the death of a veteran. VA no longer 
administers any veteran's benefit titled ``retirement pay.'' VA 
previously paid emergency officers' retirement pay and retirement pay 
under Public Law 77-262, which are no longer active benefits. Although 
military retirement pay may also be discontinued upon the death of a 
veteran, VA does not administer that benefit. Therefore, we propose to 
not include an equivalent to Sec.  3.500(g)(3) in part 5.

Sec.  5.695 Surviving Spouse's Benefit for the Month of the Veteran's 
Death

    The commenter stated:

    We believe that this section should provide that payments to the 
surviving spouse will be for the month of death and for the month 
immediately following the veteran's death. This would provide a more 
equitable transition for the surviving spouse and would not result 
in confusion and inadvertent overpayments where a veteran dies 
during the last days of the month and the notification of the 
veteran's death does not reach the VA or is not processed until the 
weeks following death. Eliminating the cost to the VA of attempting 
to recoup the inadvertent overpayments should cover the costs of the 
additional month's payments.

    The month-of-death benefit is governed by 38 U.S.C. 5111(c) and 
5310, and the proposed regulation is consistent with those statutes. 
Sections 5111 and 5310 do not authorize VA to pay a benefit for both 
the month of death and the next month unless VA awards the surviving 
spouse a death benefit for the month in which the veteran died and the 
amount of that benefit is less than or equal to the amount of 
compensation or pension the veteran would have been entitled to for the 
month of death but for his or her death. Barring this situation, there 
is no statutory authority for issuing payment for the month of the 
veteran's death and the month immediately following the veteran's 
death. We propose to make no change based on the commenter's 
suggestion.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.694 (b)(2), we used the phrase, 
``then the surviving spouse is entitled to death pension or DIC for the 
month of the veteran's death''. It is more precise to say, ``then VA 
will pay the surviving spouse death pension or DIC for the month of the 
veteran's death''.
    In Sec.  5.695(c), initially proposed as Sec.  5.694(c), we propose 
to add language to provide that the veteran must have been receiving 
disability compensation or pension at the time of death for the 
surviving spouse to be entitled to the month-of-death benefit. Both the 
authorizing statute, 38 U.S.C. 5310(b)(1), and the current part 3 
equivalent, Sec.  3.20(c)(1), require the veteran to have been in 
receipt of disability compensation or pension at the time of death. 
Similar language was incorrectly omitted from the initially proposed 
rule. In Sec.  5.695(c), we also propose to clarify that a provision 
that was inadvertently omitted from the initially proposed rule (Sec.  
5310(b)) does not authorize a month-of-death benefit for the surviving 
spouse of a veteran who died on December 31, 1996. In the initially 
proposed rule, we addressed the deaths of veterans occurring before and 
after that date but not on that date.
    We propose to revise initially proposed Sec.  5.694(d), now Sec.  
5.695(d) to clarify that the payment made to a deceased veteran for the 
month in which the veteran died is a payment of compensation or 
pension, not ``the month-of-death benefit''. We propose to make this 
change because the ``month-of-death benefit'', defined in Sec.  
5.695(a), is ``a payment to a deceased veteran's surviving spouse'', 
not a payment to a veteran.
    Subsequent to the publication of proposed Sec.  5.695, section 507 
of Public Law 112-154 (2012) amended 38 U.S.C. 5310 by making surviving 
spouses whose spouse died on or after August 6, 2012, entitled to a 
benefit for the month of a veteran's death if, at the time of the 
veteran's death: (1) the veteran was receiving disability compensation 
or Improved Pension, or (2) the veteran is determined to have been 
entitled to receive such compensation or pension for such month. The 
amendment also states that if a claim for such benefits was pending on 
the date of a veteran's death and the pending claim is subsequently 
granted, any additional benefits for that month would be paid as 
accrued VA benefits.

Sec.  5.696 Payments to or for a Child Pursuing a Course of Instruction 
at an Approved Educational Institution

    We have renumbered initially proposed Sec.  5.695 as Sec.  5.696. 
Initially proposed paragraph (a) defined ``approved educational 
institution''. Because that term is already defined in Sec.  
5.220(b)(2), we now propose to simply cross reference that definition 
rather than repeat it in paragraph (a).
    We propose to reorganize initially proposed paragraph (b) to 
enhance clarity and to note the statutory requirement under 38 U.S.C. 
1115 that additional disability compensation will only be paid for a 
qualifying child where the veteran has a service-connected disability 
rated at least 30 percent disabling.
    We propose to reorganize initially proposed paragraph (c), 
pertaining to payment of dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) 
directly to a child, to clarify the relationship between proposed 
paragraphs (c)(1) and (3). The proposed paragraphs were both derived 
from current Sec.  3.667(a)(3), which applies to a child pursuing a 
course of instruction at an approved educational institution upon 
reaching age 18. Initially proposed paragraph (c)(3) has now been 
redesignated as Sec.  5.696(c)(1)(i). Initially proposed paragraph 
(c)(1) has now been

[[Page 71147]]

redesignated as Sec.  5.696(c)(1)(ii). The distinction between the two 
paragraphs is that under paragraph (c)(1)(i), the child was a dependent 
on a surviving spouse's DIC award immediately before the child's 18th 
birthday. Under paragraph (c)(1)(ii), he or she was not.
    As initially proposed, a reference to an exception for paragraph 
(f)(2) was placed incorrectly in paragraph (g)(1) instead of in 
paragraph (g)(2). We propose to correct this in paragraph (g). Further, 
we propose to revise paragraph (g), which pertains to the 
discontinuance of benefits to a child pursuing a course of instruction 
at an approved educational institution, consistent with the part 5 
convention for describing how VA implements a reduction or 
discontinuance of benefits.
    We propose to add 38 U.S.C. 3562 as the specific statutory 
authority for Sec.  5.696(i)(1), which bars the payment of Improved 
Pension, additional disability compensation, and DIC to or for a child 
pursuing a course of instruction at an approved educational institution 
who has elected educational assistance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 35.

Sec.  5.696 Awards of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation When Not 
All Dependents Apply

    As proposed in the NPRM, Sec.  5.696, ``Awards of dependency and 
indemnity compensation when not all dependents apply'', pertained only 
to awards of dependency and indemnity compensation. Therefore, we now 
propose to renumber it as Sec.  5.525 in subpart G of this part under 
the undesignated center heading ``Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation--Eligibility and Payment Rules for Surviving Spouses and 
Children''.

Sec.  5.697 Exchange Rates for Income Received or Expenses Paid in 
Foreign Currencies

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.697(b) and (c) provided the same general 
rule and exception to the payment of benefits under subpart J of this 
part and under Sec.  5.551(e). The same general rule and exception also 
apply to funds paid in accordance with Sec. Sec.  5.565(b)(4), 
5.566(d)(4), and 5.567(a)(4). Therefore, we propose to combine 
initially proposed Sec.  5.697(b) and (c) into paragraph (b) and expand 
the applicability of paragraph (b) to include the payment of these 
other funds. We also propose to make changes to the general rule and 
the exception, paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) respectively, to improve 
readability or simplify language.
    Also in new Sec.  5.697(b), we propose to clarify language from 
initially proposed paragraph (c). In initially proposed Sec.  5.697(c), 
we used the phrase ``last illness and/or burial''. Title 38 U.S.C. 
5121(a)(6) states, ``[A]ccrued benefits may be paid . . . to reimburse 
the person who bore the expense of last sickness and burial.'' VA 
interprets the word ``and'' as used in the statute to mean ``or''. We 
do not believe that Congress intended to require that a person have 
paid expenses of both the last illness and burial to qualify for some 
reimbursement. For example, if a person expended his or her savings 
paying for health care bills resulting from the veteran's last illness 
and therefore could not pay for the burial, it would be unfair not to 
reimburse him or her for the health care bills. We propose to change 
the proposed language from ``and/or'' to simply ``or'' because this 
term includes ``and''. Furthermore, this change is consistent with 
current Sec.  3.1000(a)(5), which uses the phrase ``last sickness or 
burial''.

Sec.  5.705 General Effective Dates for Reduction or Discontinuance of 
Benefits

    The commenter indicated that for ``similar reasons as what is now 
proposed section 5.694 [now proposed 5.695], the effective date for 
reduction or discontinuation of benefits should be the month following 
the triggering event for the reduction or discontinuance.'' The 
effective dates for reductions and discontinuances are governed by 38 
U.S.C. 5112. Under section 5112, in most circumstances reductions and 
discontinuances of disability compensation, pension, or dependency and 
indemnity compensation must be on the last day of the month in which a 
described event occurs. We note as well that the effect of this rule is 
that any new benefit that may be paid as a result of the reduction or 
discontinuance, such as a newly elected but exclusive benefit or a 
benefit to a survivor or an apportionee, can be paid in the month 
immediately after the month in which the benefit is reduced or 
discontinued. Moreover, VA reduces or discontinues benefits only when 
the beneficiary is no longer entitled by law to receive the benefits. 
The commenter's suggestion is that we continue to pay such benefits for 
a full month after we determined that the beneficiary is not entitled 
to receive them. We have no authority to adopt the commenter's 
suggestion.

Sec.  5.707 Deductible Medical Expenses

    Section 5.707 describes the medical expenses that VA will deduct 
for purposes of three of VA's benefit programs that are based on 
financial need. Paragraph (c) lists six categories of such expenses and 
then lists subcategories within some of them. Certain expenses may fall 
within more than one category or subcategory. In order to ensure that 
VA makes decisions that grant every benefit that the laws supports, we 
have added to the introductory text of paragraph (c), ``If there is 
more than one way to categorize a medical expense under this paragraph 
(c), VA will categorize it in the way that is most favorable to the 
claimant or beneficiary.'' See 38 CFR 3.103(a) (``[I]t is the 
obligation of VA . . . to render a decision which grants every benefit 
that can be supported in law.''); see also 71 FR 16475, Mar. 31, 2006 
(proposed 38 CFR 5.4(b), based on 38 CFR 3.103(a)).
    As initially proposed, the text of paragraph (c)(1) listed care 
typically provided by a licensed health care provider but failed to 
specify that in order for payments for the care to be deducted as 
medical expenses under paragraph (c)(1), the care must have been 
provided by a licensed health care provider. That requirement was 
intended in the proposed rule, as shown by the heading of paragraph 
(c)(1), ``Care by a licensed health care provider''; nevertheless, we 
propose to add the requirement to the text of the paragraph for 
clarity.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.707(c)(4), we specified the mileage 
rate for deductible medical expenses as 20 cents per mile traveled. 
Following the publication of the proposed rule, VA raised that mileage 
rate. VA publishes that mileage rate on VA Form 21-8416, Medical 
Expense Report, which is updated periodically. In order to ensure that 
the public has the most current information, we propose to change Sec.  
5.707(c)(4) to refer to ``the amount stated on VA Form 21-8416, Medical 
Expense Report'' rather than a specific rate. We also inform the reader 
that this form is available on the VA Web site.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.707(c)(6) began, ``The following 
payments are `medical expenses' that will be deducted from income:''. 
We determined that this introductory language is redundant because it 
is already stated in the introductory text of paragraph (c): ``The 
following payments are `medical expenses' that will be deducted from 
income if they are not reimbursed''. We therefore propose to remove the 
introductory language from paragraph (c)(6).
    We further propose to revise paragraph (c)(6) to more accurately 
describe current VA practice. In paragraph (c)(6)(ii), regarding 
payments for an in-home attendant, we propose to

[[Page 71148]]

clarify the circumstances under which the attendant must be a licensed 
health care provider. We also propose to remove the initially proposed 
language that states that the attendant may be a family member. 
Although the proposed language was accurate, it was superfluous, and 
including the language might confuse a reader regarding whether the 
attendant could be someone from another general class, such as a friend 
or a neighbor.
    In paragraph (c)(6)(iv), regarding payments for custodial care, we 
propose to delete language providing that payments made strictly for 
custodial care were not deductible. That language does not accurately 
describe VA's practice. Payments for custodial care (including room and 
board) are deductible if the other requirements of the paragraph are 
met. We also propose to add conditions that clarify the circumstances 
under which the paragraph permits described payments to be deducted as 
medical expenses.
    In paragraph (c)(6)(v), regarding payments for custodial care in a 
government institution, we propose to add conditions to clarify the 
circumstances under which the paragraph permits described payments to 
be deducted as medical expenses.
    In paragraph (c)(6)(vi), regarding payments to an adult day care 
facility, rest home, group home, or similar facility, we propose to 
delete initially proposed language stating that if the individual is 
not in need of regular aid and attendance and is not housebound, VA 
will deduct all reasonable fees paid to the facility, but only to the 
extent that they are for medical treatment provided by a licensed 
health care provider. Such language is unnecessary in paragraph 
(c)(6)(vi) because payments for medical treatment provided by a 
licensed health care provider are always deductible under paragraph 
(c)(1).
    We also propose to delete paragraph (c)(6)(vi)(C), which provided 
that if the adult day care or similar facility was a government 
facility, paragraph (c)(6)(v) applied. The proposed revisions to 
paragraph (c)(6) clarify the circumstances under which each of the 
paragraphs applies in order to be consistent with and accurately 
describe VA's current practice. More specific direction is unnecessary 
and could be confusing or inaccurate. As discussed above regarding the 
introductory text of paragraph (c), to the extent that the categories 
and subcategories of medical expenses in paragraph (c) may overlap, VA 
will always categorize a medical expense in the way that is most 
favorable to the claimant or beneficiary.
    We also propose to make a few changes to initially proposed Sec.  
5.707 to improve readability or simplify language.

Sec.  5.708 Eligibility Verification Reports

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.708(a) incorrectly referred only to 
Improved Pension and parents' dependency and indemnity compensation 
(DIC). We propose to revise Sec.  5.708(a) to clarify that eligibility 
verification reports (EVRs) pertain to all three VA pension programs--
Old-Law Pension, Section 306 Pension, and Improved Pension--as well as 
parents' DIC.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.708(b)(1) incorrectly indicated that VA 
may require claimants to complete an EVR annually. Only beneficiaries 
may be required to file an EVR annually. We have deleted the term 
``annually'' from Sec.  5.708(b)(1).
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.708(c) incorrectly implied that certain 
parents receiving parents' DIC were never required to file an EVR. 
Paragraph (c) should have made clear that it was an exception to the 
general requirement that such parents file an EVR annually. 
Accordingly, we propose to delete initially proposed paragraph (c) and 
place the material proposed in paragraph (c) in a note to revised 
paragraph (b)(2)(i) pertaining to the requirement for beneficiaries to 
file an EVR annually. We have not included in that note the sentence 
from initially proposed paragraph (c) stating, ``However, a parent 
receiving parents' DIC must notify VA whenever there is a material 
change in his or her annual income.'' That sentence is unnecessary 
given that similar information is provided in Sec. Sec.  
5.708(b)(2)(ii) and 5.709. In the note to paragraph (b)(2)(i), we 
propose to add two more groups who are exempted from the annual EVR 
requirement, beneficiaries of Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension 
and certain beneficiaries of Improved Pension. This change is 
consistent with current practice and facilitates VA's efficient 
administration of these programs.
    The third sentence of initially proposed paragraph (d), 
redesignated as paragraph (c), described the action VA takes when 
expected income is uncertain. The sentence referred to other more 
specific provisions elsewhere in part 5. In order to avoid confusion 
about the purpose and meaning of the sentence, as well as its 
relationship to the first sentence in the paragraph, we propose to 
delete the sentence and provide instead a clear cross reference to the 
relevant specific provisions to which the deleted sentence referred. We 
also propose to clarify the cross reference to Sec.  5.478 to describe 
more accurately the circumstances under which that provision applies. 
The initially proposed language described Sec.  3.260(b), upon which 
Sec.  5.478(a) is based, but it would not accurately describe the 
content of Sec.  5.478(a).
    We propose to clarify Sec.  5.708(e)(2), redesignated from 
initially proposed paragraph (f)(2). As initially proposed, the 
paragraph stated that VA would notify a beneficiary that an EVR was 
incomplete and inform the beneficiary of the information needed to 
complete the EVR. We have simplified the paragraph. If VA notifies a 
beneficiary of additional information needed to complete an EVR, it is 
implicit in that notice that the EVR, as filed, is incomplete.
    We propose to clarify initially proposed Sec.  5.708(g)(1)(ii) and 
redesignate it as initially proposed paragraph (f)(1)(ii). As initially 
proposed, the rule was limited to instances in which the discontinuance 
of payments was effective before the date on which benefits were 
suspended. Such a limitation on the rule is misleading. Whether or not 
discontinuance of benefits was effective before the date on which 
benefits were suspended is irrelevant; in either case, the effective 
date of resumption under this paragraph is the date the benefits were 
discontinued. This change is consistent with current practice.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.708(h), redesignated as Sec.  5.708(g), 
stated, ``A former beneficiary who owes or owed money to VA because VA 
discontinued payments for failure to file an EVR within the time limit 
. . . may submit the EVR at any time'', and further stated, ``If, based 
on information in the EVR, VA decides that the former beneficiary was 
entitled to benefits for any part of the period of time in which 
payment had been discontinued for failure to file an EVR, VA will 
offset the debt for that part of the period.'' We have determined that 
in some instances, a former beneficiary might file a new claim after VA 
has discontinued his or her benefits. If such a claim were granted, 
that person would become a current beneficiary. Nevertheless, he or she 
might still file the previously requested EVR, which could reduce or 
eliminate the debt. Therefore, in contemplation of that scenario, we 
propose to add the term ``beneficiary'' before ``former beneficiary'' 
in each sentence where ``former beneficiary'' was initially proposed.
    We also propose to clarify paragraph (g) to state that an EVR may 
be accepted

[[Page 71149]]

for purpose of reducing or eliminating a debt. Finally, to be 
consistent with the rest of the paragraph, we propose to replace 
``offset'' with ``reduce'' and ``completely offset'' with 
``eliminated''. The new terms more accurately describe the action that 
VA takes and are easier for the public and VA personnel to understand.

Sec.  5.710 Adjustments in Benefits Due to Reduction or Discontinuance 
of a Benefit to Another Payee

    Section 5.710 was initially proposed as a plain language rewrite of 
current Sec.  3.651. For clarity, we propose to revise Sec.  5.710 to 
describe more specifically the procedures VA uses to adjust awards of 
benefits that result from the reduction or discontinuance of the same 
benefit to another payee. Initially proposed Sec.  5.710(b) referred to 
VA requesting information or evidence but failed to explain when or why 
VA would make such a request. We propose to revise paragraph (b) to 
explain that if there is sufficient information and evidence for VA to 
award or increase the benefit to the payee, then VA will do so. If 
there is not, then VA will request additional information or evidence. 
We also clearly state the effective date rules for the various 
scenarios.

Sec.  5.711 Payment to Dependents Due to the Disappearance of a Veteran 
for 90 Days or More

    Like current Sec.  3.656(a), initially proposed Sec.  5.711 
provided that when a veteran who was receiving or entitled to receive 
disability compensation, Section 306 Pension, or Improved Pension 
disappears for 90 days or more, benefits will be paid to the veteran's 
dependent(s). However, neither the current rule nor the initially 
proposed rule defines the term ``entitled to receive''. The relevant 
statutory authorities only refer to a veteran who is ``receiving 
compensation'' (38 U.S.C. 1158) or ``receiving pension'' (38 U.S.C. 
1507). VA has interpreted such statutory language liberally so that 
``under certain circumstances'' actual physical receipt of the benefit 
is not required. See VAOPGCPREC 7-91, 56 FR 25156 (June 3, 1991); see 
also VAOPGCPREC 21-92, 58 FR 12449 (Mar. 4, 1993) (``Certain opinions 
interpreting the terms `receiving' or `in receipt' of compensation or 
pension as found in . . . portions of title 38, United States Code . . 
. have . . . recognized limited exceptions to the literal meaning of 
the terms.''). Consistent with that interpretation, we propose to add a 
definition of the term ``entitled to receive'' in paragraph (a): ``For 
purposes of this section, entitled to receive means that VA has granted 
a claim for one of the benefits listed in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section but has not yet paid the veteran.''
    We propose to revise initially proposed paragraphs (b) and (c), 
which provided similar rules, to refer to the ``rate'' of payment 
rather than the ``amount'' of a payment to be more consistent with 
terminology actually used by VA personnel. We also propose to revise 
these paragraphs, so that the rules are phrased similarly. In these 
paragraphs, we also propose to delete the initially proposed phrases 
``for benefits under this section'' and ``for benefits'' in reference 
to a claim for benefits under Sec.  5.711. We had used (or not used) 
the phrases inconsistently in initially proposed Sec.  5.711. The uses 
of ``claim'' to refer to a claim for benefits under Sec.  5.711 are 
clear in context without the deleted phrases.
    We propose to add a note to initially proposed paragraph (b)(1), 
which states, ``Note to paragraph (b)(1): If there is a dependent 
parent, then the rate for parents' DIC may vary depending on the 
parent's annual income.'' By law, the amount payable for parents' DIC 
is based on the parent's annual income. This is different from other 
DIC programs, which are not income-based. We propose to add the note to 
ensure that readers are aware of this distinction.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.711(b)(1)(ii), we stated, ``If VA 
pays disability compensation pursuant to this paragraph, then it will 
pay benefits in equal amounts to the dependents.'' However, on further 
review, we note that 38 U.S.C. 1158 does not permit such an equal 
distribution of benefits. Rather, it states that, payments to each 
dependent ``shall not exceed the [rate of DIC] payable to each if the 
veteran had died from service-connected disability.'' If benefits were 
distributed equally, it is likely that the rate payable to some 
dependents would exceed the rate authorized by the statute. 
Accordingly, we propose to revise Sec.  5.711(b)(1)(ii) to remove the 
provision regarding ``equal amounts''. In its place, we propose to 
provide that VA will pay benefits to each dependent in the same 
proportion as if the DIC rate were being paid. Although this revised 
method is more complex than the method we initially proposed, it is 
fair to the dependents, and it complies with section 1158 because the 
rate payable can never exceed the maximum rate authorized by that 
statute.
    We propose to add two paragraphs, (c)(1)(i) and (ii), to initially 
proposed Sec.  5.711(c) so that it is organized like Sec.  5.711(b). 
For the same reason we have used a proportional formula for 
compensation benefits in paragraph (b)(1)(ii), we propose to add 
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) stating that pension paid under paragraph (c) at 
the veteran's rate will be paid using the proportional formula. Like 38 
U.S.C. 1158 discussed above, 38 U.S.C. 1507 states, ``Where a veteran 
receiving pension . . . disappears, the Secretary may pay the pension 
otherwise payable to such veteran's spouse and children . . . Payments 
made to a spouse or child under this section shall not exceed the 
amount to which each would be entitled if the veteran died of a non-
service-connected disability.'' The proportional payment method is fair 
to the dependents, and it complies with section 1507.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.711(d)(1) stated the effective date for 
the discontinuance of payments to a veteran's dependent(s), as a result 
of the veteran's whereabouts being known. However, initially proposed 
paragraph (d)(2) did not provide information about the effective date 
for the discontinuance of the dependent's benefits if the veteran is 
presumed dead. We propose to correct this omission by stating that the 
date of the veteran's death is presumed to be 7 years after the date 
the veteran was last known to be alive. This is consistent with the 
provisions of paragraph (b) of Sec.  5.503, ``Establishing the date of 
death'', as well as the statute, 38 U.S.C. 108. We also propose to add 
a reference to Sec.  5.694, which provides the effective date for the 
discontinuance of benefits based upon the death of a beneficiary.

Sec.  5.712 Suspension of VA Benefits Due to the Disappearance of a 
Payee

    In Sec.  5.712(a), we propose to add the effective date for the 
suspension of benefits. Paragraph (a) would state that upon the 
disappearance of a payee, benefits will be suspended effective the 
first day of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits 
to the payee. This revision is based on current Sec.  3.500(t).

Sec.  5.713 Restriction on VA Benefit Payments to an Alien Located in 
Enemy Territory

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.713(a) did not provide an effective date 
for discontinuance of benefits due to an alien being located in an 
enemy territory. We propose to correct this omission by adding a 
sentence stating that ``VA will discontinue benefits to an alien 
located in territory described in this paragraph (a) of this section, 
effective the first day of the month after the month for which VA last 
paid benefits.'' This statement is consistent with current VA practice, 
as well as the

[[Page 71150]]

statute 38 U.S.C. 5308(a), which requires VA to discontinue benefits 
``forthwith''.

Sec.  5.714 Restriction on Delivery of VA Benefit Payments to Payees 
Located in Countries on Treasury Department List

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.714(a)(1) defined ``payee'' (for 
purposes of part 5) as a person to whom a VA benefit check is payable. 
However, Sec.  5.1 defines ``payee'' as ``a person to whom monetary 
benefits are payable.'' We believe that the general definition of 
``payee'' in Sec.  5.1 properly defines ``payee'' for purposes of Sec.  
5.714. Having two different but very similar definitions of ``payee'' 
in part 5 might cause confusion, so we propose to remove the definition 
from Sec.  5.714.

Sec.  5.715 Claims for Undelivered or Discontinued Benefits

    We propose to change ``may'' in initially proposed Sec.  5.715, 
referring to claims for undelivered or discontinued benefits, to 
``must'' in paragraph (b)(1) to clarify that filing a claim is 
necessary for the payment of benefits under Sec.  5.715. In initially 
proposed Sec.  5.715(b)(1), we had restated the provisions of Sec.  
3.653 using ``may'' because a claim need not be filed by a payee who 
requests the alternative means of delivery under Sec.  5.714(d). In 
using ``may'', we unintentionally suggested that filing a claim was 
permissive, not mandatory. We propose to revise Sec.  5.715(b)(1) to 
clearly state that a claim is necessary unless the exception for 
alternative means of delivery applies. We also propose to clarify 
paragraph (b)(1) to specify that, for benefits discontinued under Sec.  
5.713, the paragraph applies to both the retroactive restoration of 
benefits not paid and the prospective resumption of benefits.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.715(b)(2), we stated, ``There is no 
time limit for filing such a claim.'' We have determined that it is 
unnecessary to state this negative proposition and this language might 
mislead readers into believing that there is an unstated time limit for 
filing claims under other sections, when in fact there is no such time 
limit. Accordingly, we propose to delete proposed paragraph (b)(2).
    Initially proposed paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (iii) respectively 
stated that amounts that were not delivered under Sec.  5.714 will be 
released or a discontinued benefit resumed only if ``the payee is no 
longer subject to the restriction in Sec.  5.714(c)'' or ``the country 
in which the payee is located is removed from the Treasury Department 
list''. We have determined that with regard to any payee described in 
paragraph (b)(3)(iii), paragraph (b)(3)(ii) would have the same effect. 
Any payee described in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) would by definition no 
longer be subject to the restriction in Sec.  5.714(c), which only 
applies if a payee is located in a country on the Treasury Department 
list. Paragraph (b)(3)(ii) (which we propose to redesignate as 
(b)(2)(ii)) encompasses other scenarios in addition to the one 
addressed in initially proposed paragraph (b)(3)(iii). Therefore, we 
propose to delete initially proposed paragraph (b)(3)(iii) as 
unnecessary.

Sec.  5.720 Adjustments to Special Monthly Compensation Based on the 
Need for Regular Aid and Attendance While a Veteran is Receiving 
Hospital, Domiciliary, or Nursing Home Care

    Our proposal to rewrite the VA regulations governing hospital, 
domiciliary, and nursing home care reductions and resumptions in new 38 
CFR part 5 (proposed Sec. Sec.  5.720--5.730) was included in a 
document published in the Federal Register on January 14, 2011, that 
also proposed to rewrite VA regulations governing apportionments to 
dependents and payments to fiduciaries and incarcerated beneficiaries. 
76 FR 2766. We provided a 60-day comment period that ended on March 15, 
2011. We received submissions from four commenters; however, only the 
submission from the National Organization of Veterans' Advocates, Inc., 
pertained to the regulations governing hospital, domiciliary, and 
nursing home care reductions and resumptions.
    Concerning initially proposed Sec.  5.720, one commenter stated 
that the language in current 38 CFR 3.556(f) defining a ``regular 
discharge'' as occurring when the veteran has ``received maximum 
hospital benefits'' is clearer than the new language in Sec.  
5.720(a)(3), i.e., when ``there is no medical reason to continue 
care.'' The commenter asserted that the proposed definition is 
problematic because it ``could interject administrative or budget 
issues into what is intended to be a medical decision concerning 
necessary and reasonable medical care.''
    We disagree that our proposed definition would have the effect 
suggested by the commenter. To the contrary, we have clarified that a 
``medical professional'' must make the determination, and we specify 
that the decision must be based on whether there is a ``medical 
reason'' to continue care. Our proposed language would reduce, not 
increase, the risk that the commenter describes. We therefore propose 
to make no change based on this comment. More fundamentally, we note 
that neither current Sec.  3.556(f), nor initially proposed Sec.  
5.720(a)(3) or (4), regulate the practice or procedures of VA medical 
staff regarding the discharge of patients. Rather, they are intended to 
guide VA Regional Offices staff in determining how to adjust benefits 
when a beneficiary is receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care.
    Current 38 CFR 3.556(f) defines ``irregular discharge'' as ``[a] 
discharge for disciplinary reasons or because of the patient's refusal 
to accept, neglect of or obstruction of treatment; refusal to accept 
transfer, or failure to return from authorized absence''. In initially 
proposed Sec.  5.720(a)(4), we merely restated these reasons in an 
easier to read format. The commenter urged that we revise our 
definition to:

incorporate language which reflects actions indicative of 
intentional and unreasonable refusal of treatment such as ``refusal 
to accept reasonable and necessary treatment, which refusal is not 
the result of a mental condition,'' ``intentional and unreasonable 
neglect of treatment, which is not the result of a mental 
condition,'' ``intentional and unreasonable obstruction of 
treatment, which is not the result of a mental condition,'' 
``refusal to accept medically indicated transfer to another 
facility, which is not the result of a mental condition,'' and 
``intentional and unreasonable failure to return from unauthorized 
or authorized absence, which is not the result of a mental 
condition.''


The commenter asserted these changes are ``especially important in view 
of the large number of VA patients who suffer from organic brain damage 
or mental illness and whose symptoms might include being resistant to 
treatment.''

    The purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make VA's 
compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-focused, 
and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major changes 
to VA policies. Thus, because proposed Sec.  5.720(a)(4) is merely a 
restatement of the current regulations, the comment is outside the 
scope of this rulemaking.

5.721 Resumption of Special Monthly Compensation Based on the Need for 
Regular Aid and Attendance After a Veteran Is on Temporary Absence From 
Hospital, Domiciliary, or Nursing Home Care or Is Discharged or 
Released From Such Care

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.721(b) stated:
    Discharge or release. If a veteran is discharged or released 
from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, VA will resume any 
payment reduced or discontinued under Sec.  5.720 effective the date 
the veteran was discharged or released. Payment will be resumed at 
the rate in effect

[[Page 71151]]

before the reduction based on hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care, unless the evidence of record shows that a different rate is 
required.
    One commenter urged VA to revise this paragraph to require ``clear 
and convincing evidence'' to resume benefits at a lower rate than the 
rate which had been in effect prior to the reduction or 
discontinuation. We note that pursuant to the language ``unless the 
evidence of record shows that a different rate is required'' (which we 
also use in Sec. Sec.  5.721(b), 5. 725(c)(1) and (2), 5.729(d)(1), and 
5.730(c) and (d)), VA might increase or reduce a beneficiary's payment. 
Such a change would be based on a change in disability level or income, 
or other relevant factors. The change might be based on newly 
discovered evidence or the discovery of clear and unmistakable error in 
a prior decision. (In a reduction case, VA would of course comply with 
all applicable regulations concerning due process before making a 
reduction.) Since there are different situations where VA might change 
benefit payments, and these could involve various standards of proof, 
it would be erroneous to specify one standard of proof here. Moreover, 
in part 5 we have stated the default standards of proof in Sec.  5.3 
and the other standards in the appropriate specific sections (e.g., 
clear and unmistakable error in Sec.  5.162). We therefore propose to 
make no change based on this comment.

Sec.  5.723 Reduction of Improved Pension While a Veteran, Surviving 
Spouse, or Child Is Receiving Medicaid-Covered Care in a Nursing 
Facility

    Section 3.551(i) states, ``Effective November 5, 1990, and 
terminating on September 30, 2011, if a veteran having neither spouse 
nor child, or a surviving spouse having no child, is receiving 
Medicaid-covered nursing home care, no pension or death pension in 
excess of $90 per month shall be paid to or for the veteran or the 
surviving spouse for any period after the month in which the Medicaid 
payments begin.'' Section 601 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 
2884 (2010) amended 38 U.S.C. 5503(d)(7) to extend that delimiting date 
through May 31, 2015, but we inadvertently failed to include the new 
date in initially proposed Sec.  5.723(a). Subsequently, section 262 of 
Public Law 112-56 (2011) amended 38 U.S.C. 5503(d)(7) to extend that 
delimiting date through September 30, 2016. Subsequent to that, section 
203 of Public Law 112-260 extended the date to November 30, 2016. We 
propose to update paragraph (a) to reflect this most recent amendment.
    We also propose to add ``surviving child'' where appropriate in 
Sec.  5.723 to state that the Medicare reduction pertains to a 
surviving child claiming or receiving pension in his or her own right, 
as required by section 601 of Public Law 111-275, 124 Stat. 2864, 2884 
(2010).

B. Payments to a Beneficiary Who is Eligible for More Than One Benefit

    In a document published in the Federal Register on October 2, 2007, 
we proposed to establish in a new 38 CFR part 5 VA regulations 
governing payments to beneficiaries who are eligible for more than one 
benefit, based on regulations currently contained in 38 CFR part 3. 72 
FR 56136. The title of this proposed rulemaking was, ``Payments to 
Beneficiaries Who Are Eligible for More than One Benefit'' (RIN: AL95). 
We provided a 60-day comment period that ended on December 3, 2007. We 
received one comment from a member of the general public.

Sec.  5.740 Definitions Relating to Elections of Benefits

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.740(a), we stated: ``Election means 
any writing, signed by a person authorized by Sec.  5.741, `Persons who 
may make an election,' expressing a choice between two or more VA 
benefits to which the person is entitled, or between VA and other 
Federal benefits to which the person is entitled.'' This language may 
confuse the concept of what an election is with the concept of who may 
file an election. An election is the written expression of choice. 
However, VA will only ``accept'' elections in accordance with Sec.  
5.741. We therefore propose to remove the language, ``signed by a 
person authorized by Sec.  5.741, `Persons who may make an election,''' 
from this section. For the same reason, we propose to remove all 
references to Sec.  5.741 from Sec.  5.740.

Sec.  5.742 Finality of Elections of Benefits; Cancellation of Certain 
Elections

    The election finality rules in 38 CFR part 3 pertain to reelections 
as well. To ensure that this concept is clear in part 5, we propose to 
add to the introductory paragraph on Sec.  5.742, the sentence, 
``Reelections are subject to the finality rules stated in paragraphs 
(a) through (e) of this section.''
    When provisions similar to proposed Sec.  5.742(d) and (e) were 
previously proposed as Sec.  5.461(b)(2) and (3), they provided that a 
request to cancel the election must be received within 1 year from the 
date that the election had become effective. Following internal 
reconsideration of this provision, we have determined that this 
limitation might be overly narrow in some cases. Therefore, we now 
propose that Sec.  5.742(d) and (e) contain no such limitation.

Sec.  5.743 General Effective Dates for Awarding, Reducing, or 
Discontinuing VA Benefits Because of an Election

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.743(a)(1), we stated:

    Unless otherwise provided in this part, when a claim is pending 
and an election is timely filed under Sec.  5.740(d), the effective 
date for an award of an elected benefit shall be the same as the 
effective date VA would assign for the awarded benefit if no 
election were required.


We have determined this paragraph can be shortened by removing the 
phrase ``when a claim is pending and an election is timely filed under 
Sec.  5.740(d)''.

Sec.  5.745 Entitlement to Concurrent Receipt of Military Retired Pay 
and VA Disability Compensation

    In Sec.  5.745(a), we propose to clarify the references to ``the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey'' (C&GS) and ``the Environmental Science 
Services Administration'' (ESSA), because both entities became part of 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). See 
Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1970, July 9, 1970. See Dane Konop, ``175 
years of service to the Nation: The History of NOAA's National Ocean 
Survey--1807-1982.'' (Editor's Preface to the 1981 National Ocean 
Survey Annual Report). May 1982. Unpublished. We therefore propose to 
revise initially proposed Sec.  5.745(a) to refer to NOAA, ``(including 
its predecessor agencies, the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the 
Environmental Science Services Administration).''
    In the proposed rulemaking, we stated in proposed Sec.  
5.745(c)(1)(ii) that, ``For veterans receiving disability compensation 
based on a VA determination of individual unemployability, the phase-in 
period ends on December 30, 2009.'' According to statute 10 U.S.C. 
1414, this phase-in period actually ends on September 30, 2009. We 
intend to correct paragraph (c)(1)(ii) to accurately reflect the 
statute.
    We propose to revise the various provisions of Sec.  5.745 
regarding entitlement to full concurrent receipt of military retired 
pay and veterans disability compensation based on a VA determination of 
individual unemployability (IU). These proposed revisions are intended 
to implement section 642 of the National Defense

[[Page 71152]]

Authorization Act of 2008, Public Law 110-181, 122 Stat. 3, 157 (2008), 
which provides that veterans who are entitled to receive veterans 
disability compensation based on a VA determination of IU are no longer 
subject to a phase-in period. On March 16, 2009, VA published a final 
rule that amended 38 CFR 3.750 by removing language that made veterans 
who receive disability compensation based on a VA determination of IU 
subject to a phase-in period. See 74 FR 11646. To avoid confusion, the 
final rule also made changes that clarified that both veterans who are 
rated 100 percent disabled under the VA rating schedule and veterans 
who are entitled to receive 100 percent disability compensation based 
on a VA determination of IU do not need to file a waiver of military 
retired pay. The proposed revisions of Sec.  5.745 are therefore 
necessary to incorporate the amendments to Sec.  3.750 outlined in 74 
FR 11646.
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.745(d)(2), we stated that, ``An 
election filed within 1 year from the date of notification of VA 
entitlement will be considered as `timely filed' for effective date 
purposes.'' We are concerned that this provision could be read out of 
context to apply to all elections. Because it applies only to elections 
involving military retired pay and VA disability compensation, we 
propose to insert the phrase, ``between military retired pay and 
disability compensation under this section that is'' after ``An 
election'' in the above-quoted sentence. Similarly, we note that the 
preamble to initially proposed Sec.  5.740 cited Sec.  3.750(b) for the 
definition of a ``timely filed'' election; however, Sec.  3.750 was 
amended on November 20, 2006. See 71 FR 67061. That rulemaking did not 
change the definition of ``timely filed'', but it redesignated the 
paragraphs in that section so that the correct citation to the 
definition of ``timely filed'' should have read Sec.  3.750(d).

Sec.  5.746 Prohibition Against Receipt of Active Military Service Pay 
and VA Benefits for the Same Period

    The commenter requested that the proposed regulation address 
situations where a veteran who is receiving VA disability compensation 
fails to notify VA when he or she returns to active duty and is later 
assessed with an overpayment due to the prohibition against concurrent 
receipt of active military service pay and VA disability compensation. 
In the commenter's example, a veteran receiving VA disability 
compensation benefits returned to active duty for two periods of 
service but never informed VA. He continued to receive VA disability 
compensation benefits during these active duty periods and for several 
years after discharge, at which time he notified VA of his return to 
active duty. The commenter said that the VA regional office, citing 38 
CFR 3.654(b)(2), discontinued the veteran's disability compensation 
retroactively to the date of the veteran's first return to active duty, 
which resulted in a large overpayment. Moreover, the regional office 
did not reestablish entitlement to disability compensation after the 
veteran's discharge but before his second period of active duty because 
the veteran had not requested that VA do so. According to the 
commenter, because the veteran had continued to receive his disability 
compensation during his return to active military service, he obviously 
had no reason to request reinstatement of that compensation. The 
commenter said VA should have only created an overpayment in the 
veteran's account for the period he/she was actually receiving both 
active military service pay and VA disability compensation benefits. 
The commenter also felt that VA and the Department of Defense should do 
a better job in working together to ensure these types of cases do not 
occur. The commenter noted that VA benefits are intended to be 
dispersed in a clear and consistent manner and a veteran should not be 
adversely affected by creating an overpayment for periods the veteran 
is not receiving both active military service pay and VA disability 
compensation benefits.
    For the following reasons, we propose not to make any changes based 
on this comment. First, we note that when VA awards disability 
compensation, VA regularly instructs veterans to inform VA if they 
return to active duty, so that VA can properly adjust their benefits. 
Moreover, VA annually sends letters to all veterans receiving 
disability compensation notifying them whenever there is a legislative 
increase in the amount of their benefits for the following year. In 
that letter, we remind them to inform VA if they return to active duty, 
so that VA can properly adjust their benefits. Thus, veterans are 
clearly informed of their duty to notify VA.
    Second, the types of cases described by the commenter are very 
rare. This is because, in light of the procedures described above, most 
veterans notify VA in advance of their return to active duty in order 
to avoid an overpayment. Moreover, VA exchanges data with the 
Department of Defense, showing which veterans have returned to active 
duty, on a quarterly basis. VA uses this information to discontinue the 
disability compensation of any veteran who failed to notify VA in 
advance. It is not clear why this did not happen in the particular case 
described by the commenter, but, again, this type of oversight is very 
rare.
    Third, VA may waive an overpayment when collection would be against 
``equity and good conscience''. See 38 CFR 1.965. This relief was 
apparently provided to the veteran described by the commenter. For 
these reasons, we respectfully propose to decline to make any changes 
based on this comment.

Sec.  5.747 Effect of Military Readjustment Pay, Disability Severance 
Pay, and Separation Pay on VA Benefits

    Proposed paragraph (a) of Sec.  5.747 informs the reader when lump-
sum readjustment pay is available to a veteran. We propose to change 
``on or after September 15, 1981'' to ``after September 14, 1981'' in 
order to conform to the format generally used for dates throughout part 
5.
    In addition, we propose to add Sec.  5.747(b)(3) to implement the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Public Law 
110-181, sec. 1646(b), 122 Stat. 3. Public Law 110-181 amended 10 
U.S.C. 1212 to provide that no deduction may be made from VA disability 
compensation for disability severance pay received for disabilities 
incurred in a combat zone or in combat-related operations as designated 
by the Department of Defense (DoD). Also, initially proposed Sec.  
5.747(b) and (d) included as an authority citation, 10 U.S.C. 1212(c). 
This citation is no longer accurate based on the changes enacted by 
Public Law 110-181. We propose to correct the authority citations in 
Sec.  5.747(b) and (d) to correctly reflect 10 U.S.C. 1212(d).
    In initially proposed Sec.  5.747(d), concerning recoupment from VA 
disability compensation for veterans who received lump-sum readjustment 
pay, disability severance pay, separation pay, or special separation 
pay, we inadvertently omitted language which appears in 38 CFR 
3.700(a). We now propose to add the language to Sec.  5.747.

Sec.  5.750 Election Between VA Benefits and Compensation Under the 
Federal Employees' Compensation Act for Death or Disability Due to 
Military Service

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.750(a)(1) described an election as 
``irrevocable''. To be consistent with the other sections in this 
subpart using the term ``irrevocable'', and to ensure clarity, we 
propose to add the parenthetical ``(there is no right of reelection)'' 
to this paragraph.

[[Page 71153]]

Sec.  5.757 Elections Between VA Disability Compensation and VA Pension

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.757(b) stated ``A person who is entitled 
to receive both death compensation and death pension may elect or 
reelect at any time to receive either benefit unless otherwise provided 
in this part, . . . '' The reference to death compensation here refers 
to dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC). Once a spouse or parent 
elects out of death compensation, they cannot elect back into the 
program because DIC has replaced death compensation. We therefore 
propose to change the term ``death compensation'' with ``dependency and 
indemnity compensation''.
    We propose to add the phrase ``at any time'' in the first sentence 
of Sec.  5.757(c), so that it now reads, ``A person who is entitled to 
receive both disability compensation and Old-Law Pension or Section 306 
Pension may elect at any time to receive either benefit.'' This is 
necessary to clarify that, consistent with current Sec.  3.701(a), 
there is no time limit for either election or reelection under this 
paragraph.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.757(f) omitted an exception to the rule 
of elections between VA benefits, found in Sec.  3.666(d). Such 
exception states that ``an election to receive disability compensation 
in lieu of pension is not required for an incarcerated veteran who does 
not have a dependent spouse or child.'' We propose to correct this 
omission by adding Sec.  5.757(f)(2).

Sec.  5.760 Electing Improved Death Pension Instead of Dependency and 
Indemnity Compensation

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.760 stated that a surviving spouse who 
is entitled to receive dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) may 
elect to receive Improved Death Pension instead of DIC. However, it did 
not explicitly state that the election was revocable. Generally, all 
elections are revocable unless specifically stated otherwise. To 
clarify this point, we propose to add the sentence, ``Such surviving 
spouse may subsequently reelect either benefit'' to this section.

Sec.  5.762 Payment of Multiple VA Benefits to a Surviving Child Based 
on the Service of More Than One Veteran

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.762(c)(4) stated that a child has the 
right to elect or reelect one or more times to receive benefits based 
on the death of either parent in the same parental line. We propose to 
remove the phrase ``one or more times'' because it is unnecessary and 
possibly confusing in light of the general rule that there is no limit 
on the number of times a person may reelect a different benefit. 
However, this general rule is subject to exceptions stated in certain 
sections in this subpart.

Sec.  5.764 Payment of Survivors' and Dependents' Educational 
Assistance and VA Death Pension or Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation for the Same Period

    In initially proposed Sec.  5.764, ``Payment of Survivors' and 
Dependents' Educational Assistance and VA death pension or dependency 
and indemnity compensation for the same period'', we proposed to 
restate current Sec.  3.707(a) and (b) and add the statement that a 
child who is eligible for death pension and dependents' educational 
assistance (DEA), ``must elect between VA death pension and DEA''. We 
now propose to consolidate the rule on dependency and indemnity 
compensation (initially proposed Sec.  5.764(a)(1)(i)) with the rule on 
death pension (initially proposed Sec.  5.764(a)(1)(ii)) to improve 
readability. We note that current Sec.  3.707(a) and (b) refers to 
``compensation'' as one of the benefits to a child or spouse that 
cannot be paid concurrently with DEA. In the initially proposed rule, 
we had simply eliminated the reference to ``compensation'' because a 
dependent of a veteran has no right to disability compensation. Further 
review indicated that in Sec.  3.707(a) and (b) the references to 
``compensation'' are to the additional disability compensation payable 
to a veteran based on a dependent. Hence, we propose to insert into 
Sec.  5.764(a)(1)(ii) and (iii), rules governing this issue.

Sec.  5.765 Payment of Compensation to a Parent Based on the Service or 
Death of Multiple Veterans

    In the initially proposed rule, we reserved Sec.  5.765. However, 
we inadvertently omitted Sec.  3.700(b)(3) and now propose to add it as 
Sec.  5.765, ``Payment of compensation to a parent based on the service 
or death of multiple veterans.''

Technical Corrections

    Other technical corrections will include changes based on 
typographical errors or changes in wording that are necessary to 
maintain consistency throughout part 5. For example, we mean to add 
either ``disability'' or ``death'' in front of the term 
``compensation,[rdquo,] where doing so would specify the type of 
compensation at issue. We also propose to replace the term 
``helpless,[rdquo,] as it relates to a child, with the more descriptive 
term, ``became permanently incapable of self-support before reaching 
age 18'' for purposes of conformity with Sec.  5.227. Section 5.227 
pertains to the considerations that VA will use in determining whether 
a person can be recognized as a ``child'' for benefit purposes. As 
another example, we propose to substitute the word ``if'' for ``when'' 
where appropriate and vice versa. We use the word ``when'' to describe 
instances where an event is certain to occur, such as the eventual 
death of a veteran. We use the word ``if'' to describe instances where 
an event is not certain to occur, such as the marriage or divorce of a 
veteran.

XVIII. Subpart M: General Provisions AL74 Apportionments to Dependents 
and Payments to Fiduciaries and Incarcerated Beneficiaries

    In a document published in the Federal Register on January 14, 
2011, we proposed to rewrite VA regulations governing apportionments to 
dependents and payments to fiduciaries and incarcerated beneficiaries, 
to be published in new 38 CFR part 5. 76 FR 2766. We provided a 60-day 
comment period that ended on March 15, 2011. We received submissions 
from four commenters, the National Organization of Veterans' Advocates, 
Inc.; Swords to Plowshares; and two private individuals.

Sec.  5.770 Apportionment Claims

    The preamble to initially proposed Sec.  5.770 discussed the 
omission of death compensation provisions from part 5. The preamble 
said that 3.450(d) refers to Sec.  3.459, a death compensation 
provisions to which part 5 would have no counterpart. We failed to 
state that Sec.  5.770(d) would restate the Sec.  3.450(d) rule of 
apportionment among children, for DIC benefits.

Sec.  5.790 Determinations of Incompetency and Competency

    Two of the commenters addressed initially proposed Sec. Sec.  
5.790(c) and (d). In the AL74 preamble to initially proposed Sec.  
5.790, ``Determinations of incompetency and competency,[rdquo,] we 
stated:

    Proposed Sec.  5.790 is based on current Sec. Sec.  3.353 and 
3.400(x) and (y). Proposed Sec.  5.790(c) is based on current 38 CFR 
3.353(c) which begins, ``Unless the medical evidence is clear, 
convincing and leaves no doubt as to the person's incompetency, the 
[agency of original jurisdiction] will make no determination of 
incompetency without a definite expression regarding the question by 
the responsible medical authorities.'' The phrase ``clear, 
convincing and leaves no doubt'' is inconsistent with traditional 
legal evidentiary standards. Traditionally, ``clear

[[Page 71154]]

and convincing'' is a distinct standard. ``Leaves no doubt,[rdquo,] 
however, suggests a significantly higher standard. Further, if 
compared to the standard for conviction in a criminal case (``beyond 
a reasonable doubt''), ``leaves no doubt'' could be considered an 
even higher standard that is inconsistent with other areas of the 
law. Therefore, we are removing the term ``leaves no doubt'' and 
instead simply specifying a ``clear and convincing'' standard. 
``Clear and convincing'' is a high evidentiary standard that will 
permit VA to make a determination of incompetency without requesting 
an essentially unnecessary medical opinion. Further, the standard is 
sufficiently high to prevent unwarranted determinations of 
incompetency. See Thomas v. Nicholson, 423 F.3d 1279, 1283 (Fed. 
Cir. 2005) (``The `clear and convincing' standard is `reserved to 
protect particularly important interests in a limited number of 
civil cases' where there is a clear liberty interest at stake, such 
as commitment for mental illness, deportation, or 
denaturalization.'') (citations omitted).

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.790(d) was an exact restatement of 
current 38 CFR 3.353(d), except that we had proposed to update the 
citation from the part 3 citation, Sec.  3.102, to the part 5 
equivalent, Sec.  5.3(b)(2) (now Sec.  5.3(b)(3)).
    Regarding initially proposed Sec.  5.790(c), the first commenter 
asserted that VA should never make a determination of incompetency 
without medical evidence that the claimant is mentally incompetent to 
manage his or her affairs. The commenter also urged that VA establish a 
higher burden of proof for incompetency: ``beyond a reasonable doubt.'' 
The commenter asserted that this standard is necessary to preserve 
consistency with the evidentiary standard in initially proposed Sec.  
5.790(d), which stated, ``Where reasonable doubt arises regarding a 
beneficiary's mental capacity to contract or to manage his or her own 
affairs, including the disbursement of funds without limitation, such 
doubt will be resolved in favor of competency.'' The commenter also 
asserted that the higher standard was needed ``to protect claimants 
from incorrect administrative incompetency decisions made by lay VA 
employees.'' The commenter asserted that a declaration of incompetency 
has implications for many activities, including potentially 
criminalizing firearms ownership.
    The second commenter similarly urged VA not to omit ``leaves no 
doubt'' from its rewrite of Sec.  3.353(c) and ``to maintain `leaves no 
doubt' as a standard for showing incompetence.'' The commenter asserted 
that omitting ``leaves no doubt'' from the standards for determining 
incompetency would prove beneficial only to VA and not to 
beneficiaries. While acknowledging VA's heavy administrative burden, 
the commenter asserted that allowing VA to ``independently determine'' 
whether an individual is incompetent to receive benefits without 
requiring a medical examination would be a violation of the 
individual's constitutional due process rights. Citing Mathews v. 
Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1976), to support that assertion, the commenter 
stated that ``[i]n Mathews . . ., the Supreme Court acknowledged the 
legitimacy of a medical examination as an appropriate procedural 
indicator of eligibility for welfare benefits.''
    These comments demonstrate an apparent misunderstanding of proposed 
Sec.  3.353(c) and (d) and initially proposed Sec. Sec.  5.790(c) and 
(d). Both commenters appear to mistakenly think that ``clear, 
convincing and leaves no doubt'' is the general evidentiary standard 
for showing incompetency under current Sec.  3.353. It is not. It is an 
evidentiary standard that VA, under current Sec.  3.353(c), requires 
medical evidence to meet for an agency of original jurisdiction to make 
an incompetency determination without first obtaining ``a definite 
expression regarding the question by the responsible medical 
authorities.'' In accordance with Sec.  3.353(d), the standard of proof 
to find a beneficiary incompetent when a medical opinion is of record 
is the preponderance of the evidence. Contrary to the first commenter's 
assertion, the standard in initially proposed Sec.  5.790(c) is not 
inconsistent with the standard in initially proposed paragraph (d). 
Each standard serves a different purpose: the standard in paragraph (c) 
must be met for VA to make an incompetency determination without a 
medical opinion on competency; the standard in paragraph (d) applies to 
weighing all the evidence if a medical opinion is of record.
    Similarly, the comments demonstrate an apparent misinterpretation 
of the language of Sec.  3.353(d) to mean that VA's standard for 
finding incompetency is ``beyond a reasonable doubt'', a standard which 
is used for criminal cases. In fact, the intent of this provision is to 
state that VA's ``reasonable doubt'' (or benefit of the doubt) doctrine 
applies to competency determinations, in the same manner that it 
applies to VA benefit determinations that are the subject of 38 CFR 
3.102. In order to clarify this point, we propose to replace the 
language of initially proposed Sec.  5.790(d) with language that is 
substantially the same as proposed Sec.  5.3(b)(3), so that it would 
read, ``When the evidence is in equipoise regarding a beneficiary's 
mental capacity to contract or to manage his or her own affairs, 
including the disbursement of funds without limitation, VA will give 
the benefit of the doubt to the beneficiary and find that he or she is 
competent.''
    As to the concerns of both commenters about the standard of proof 
in proposed Sec.  5.790(c), for the reasons stated in the AL74 NPRM 
preamble, we decline to include ``leaves no doubt'' in Sec.  5.790(c) 
as a standard of proof of incompetency in addition to clear and 
convincing evidence.
    In this regard, the first commenter does not refute any of the 
statements we made regarding Sec.  5.790(c) in the preamble. We 
construe the second commenter's statement that ``the Supreme Court 
acknowledged the legitimacy of a medical examination as an appropriate 
procedural indicator for welfare benefits'' as an assertion that VA 
violates an individual's due process rights if it makes an incompetency 
determination without requiring a medical examination.
    The second commenter's reliance on Mathews v. Eldridge is 
misplaced. The issue in Mathews was ``whether the Due Process Clause of 
the Fifth Amendment requires that prior to the termination of Social 
Security disability benefit payments the recipient be afforded an 
opportunity for an evidentiary hearing.'' 424 U.S. at 323. The Court 
compared termination of welfare payments with the termination of Social 
Security disability insurance (SSDI) payments. The court held that ``an 
evidentiary hearing is not required prior to the termination of [Social 
Security] disability benefits and that the present administrative 
procedures fully comport with due process.'' 424 U.S. at 349.
    Though a VA incompetency determination is not a termination (or 
even a reduction) of benefits, initially proposed Sec.  5.790(e) 
affords an evidentiary hearing prior to making the determination. We 
cannot agree that initially proposed Sec.  5.790 violates any person's 
right to due process; it would afford beneficiaries the very process 
that the Court determined to be necessary only when the beneficiary of 
a government benefit program is most burdened by termination of the 
benefit. 424 U.S. at 339-43.
    The commenter apparently construes the Court's mention of physical 
examinations in Mathews to mean that due process requires VA to examine 
a person as part of the process in an incompetency determination. We 
disagree. The Court mentioned medical examinations in the context of 
discussing SSA's process in determining continuing entitlement to SSDI. 
424 U.S. at 337 (``If there is a conflict between the information 
provided by

[[Page 71155]]

the beneficiary and that obtained from medical sources such as his 
physician, or between two sources of treatment, the agency may arrange 
for an examination by an independent consulting physician''). Nothing 
in that process requires the agency to examine the beneficiary. 
Likewise, VA is not required to examine a beneficiary under Sec.  
5.790; however, nothing in initially proposed Sec.  5.790 precludes VA 
from arranging for a beneficiary's examination if necessary to 
determine competency.
    To the extent that the second commenter means that VA should simply 
obtain an examination in every incompetency determination, and that 
failure to do so violates constitutional due process, the commenter 
essentially argues for part 5 to create a new requirement for 
incompetency determinations. The purpose of the Regulation Rewrite 
program is to make VA's compensation and pension regulations more 
logical, claimant-focused, and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle 
for making major changes to VA policies. Thus, the comment is outside 
the scope of this rulemaking.
    For the sake of complete discussion of the comment, we also 
interpret it to mean that VA violates a beneficiary's right to due 
process to allow an AOJ to make an incompetency determination based on 
merely ``clear and convincing evidence'' without first obtaining a 
medical opinion. The commenter would have us include ``leaves no 
doubt'', asserting that due process requires that the AOJ obtain a 
medical opinion unless the evidence ``leaves no doubt'' about 
incompetency. We disagree.
    Even if the evidentiary standard for when an AOJ must obtain a 
medical opinion prior to making an incompetency determination were a 
matter of due process, the ``clear and convincing evidence'' standard 
is sufficient. ``Leaves no doubt'' would be an excessively high 
evidentiary standard. See Mathews, 424 U.S. at 335 (Factors to 
determine the requirements of due process in various proceedings).
    As we explained in the prior NPRM, 76 FR 2777, ``clear and 
convincing'' and ``leaves no doubt'' are inconsistent evidentiary 
standards, the latter amounting to a standard higher even than that 
required for criminal conviction, that is, beyond a reasonable doubt. 
``Leaves no doubt'' is a higher evidentiary standard than in any other 
regulation governing VA compensation or pension benefits. The Supreme 
Court has held that a ``clear and convincing'' standard of proof meets 
the due process requirements for such significant deprivation of 
liberty as involuntary indefinite commitment to a state mental 
hospital, and that the ``beyond a reasonable doubt'' standard is not 
required. Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418 (1979). In contrast, liberty 
is not at stake in VA incompetency determinations.
    The result of a VA determination of incompetency is appointment of 
a fiduciary to receive VA funds for the beneficiary. Clear and 
convincing medical evidence as to a person's incompetency is sufficient 
for the specific purpose of authorizing the AOJ to make an incompetency 
determination without first obtaining an additional medical opinion. 
The clear and convincing standard provides a beneficiary adequate 
protection against an erroneous finding of incompetency resulting from 
a determination made without obtaining ``a definite expression as to 
the question by the responsible medical authorities.'' We propose to 
make no change in response to an assertion that due process requires 
that the AOJ obtain a medical opinion before determining incompetency 
unless medical the evidence ``leaves no doubt'' of incompetency.
    The second commenter asserted that omitting ``leaves no doubt'' 
would benefit only VA and not beneficiaries. We think the omission 
benefits both VA and its beneficiaries. Including ``leaves no doubt'' 
would cause needless delay in making incompetency determinations that 
conserve the benefits of those who cannot manage them. That delay is a 
detriment to beneficiaries. Eliminating that delay would be a benefit 
to persons who need the protection of a fiduciary to manage their 
funds. Including ``leaves no doubt'' in Sec.  5.790(c) would increase 
administrative costs and consume scarce VA human resources to obtain 
medical opinions that are unlikely to bring helpful new information to 
the determination, and the risk of erroneous determinations without 
those opinions is slight. Consequently, we propose to make no change 
based on this comment.
    Finally, we agree with the first commenter that VA should always 
have medical evidence in order to determine competency. Nothing in 
initially proposed Sec.  5.790 contradicts that premise. Indeed, 
proposed Sec.  5.790(c) and (d) both make clear that medical evidence 
is required to find a beneficiary incompetent. Under these provisions, 
either clear and convincing ``medical evidence'' of incompetency is 
already of record or a medical opinion addressing competency is 
obtained. Accordingly, we need make no change to address this concern 
of the commenter. Further, regarding the first commenter's sweeping 
comment about the need to protect beneficiaries from incorrect 
competency decisions by lay VA employees, we note that there is an 
administrative remedy if a beneficiary believes he or she has been 
wrongly declared incompetent: appeal to the Board of Veterans' Appeals 
and, if he or she disagree with that decision, to the U.S. Court of 
Appeals for Veterans Claims. Accordingly, we make no change based on 
this concern of the commenter.

Sec.  5.810 Incarcerated Beneficiaries--General Provisions and 
Definitions

    One commenter on initially proposed Sec.  5.810 urged VA to include 
felony convictions from foreign countries in the definitions governing 
incarcerations in Sec.  5.810(b) only if the courts of the foreign 
country are subject to a standard Status of Forces Agreement or have 
due process and procedural rights equivalent to those which apply in 
courts in the U.S. As discussed in the AL74 preamble, initially 
proposed Sec.  5.810 incorporates significant protections with regard 
to foreign convictions: it excludes incarceration in a foreign prison 
and includes incarceration in a U.S. prison based on a foreign 
conviction only if the offense is equivalent to a felony (or a 
misdemeanor for purposes of 38 U.S.C. 1505) under the laws of the U.S. 
Moreover, the purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make VA's 
compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-focused, 
and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major changes 
to VA policies. Thus, the comment is outside the scope of this 
rulemaking.
    Initially proposed Sec.  5.810(c) stated, ``The 60-day periods of 
incarceration described in Sec. Sec.  5.811 through 5.813 begin on the 
day after the beneficiary is convicted of a felony (or misdemeanor for 
pension), if the beneficiary is incarcerated as of that date, even if 
the beneficiary is not sentenced on that date.'' One commenter urged 
that the incarceration period in paragraph (c) not begin on the date of 
conviction ``in recognition of the realities of sentencing.'' The 
commenter added ``[a]t the sentencing hearing, the trial judge might 
impose an alternate sentence involving no incarceration, such as home 
confinement or probation.''
    As we stated in the preamble to AL74, ``This [paragraph (c)] 
accords with 38 U.S.C. 1505 and 5313, which are concerned with the time 
spent imprisoned for a felony, or for a misdemeanor in pension cases, 
and not with the amount of time that the beneficiary is sentenced to 
serve. It also

[[Page 71156]]

accords with VAOPGCPREC 3-2005, 72 FR 5801, 5802 (Feb. 7, 2007).'' The 
fact that the sentence ultimately imposed by the court might not 
include incarceration does not alter VA's duty to limit payments when a 
beneficiary has been incarcerated for more than 60 days after being 
convicted. We therefore propose to make no change based on this 
comment.
    One commenter objected to the rule set forth in initially proposed 
Sec.  5.810(d), requiring that claimants or beneficiaries inform VA if 
they are incarcerated. The commenter asserted that the rule puts an 
undue burden on incarcerated veterans because they are ``often 
impoverished or unfamiliar with system procedures'' and that VA's 
promulgation of this rule fails to ``take full account of the social, 
educational, and societal contexts that many incarcerated veterans come 
from.'' The commenter also asserted that ``VA should be able to gather 
that information from the Bureau of Prisons or the state.''
    As stated in the preamble to initially proposed Sec.  5.810, we 
believe the rule established in paragraph (d) is logical, fair, and 
consistent with other current provisions that require claimants or 
beneficiaries to inform VA of changes in circumstances affecting 
entitlement to benefits. See Sec.  3.652, ``Periodic certification of 
continued eligibility'', and Sec.  3.660(a)(1), ``Dependency, income 
and estate''. In addition, enabling VA to adjust benefits promptly on 
the 61st day of incarceration would be advantageous to both veterans 
and VA because if benefits are not promptly adjusted, VA must establish 
an overpayment and recoup the debt from the veteran. We do not believe 
that the social or educational background of incarcerated veterans 
prevents them from notifying VA of changes in circumstances. Veterans 
may notify VA via mail, email through www.va.gov, or by calling our 
toll free number, 1-800-827-1000.
    Regarding the suggestion that ``VA should be able to gather that 
information from the Bureau of Prisons or the state,'' we note that VA 
already has data sharing agreements with the Federal Bureau of Prisons 
(BOP) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). Under our agreement 
with BOP, that agency periodically provides VA with a master record of 
all federal prisoners. Under our agreement with SSA, that agency 
provides VA with a master record of all prisoners who are incarcerated 
in state or local facilities. Although these records are intended to be 
comprehensive, errors or delays may prevent VA from learning of a 
veteran's incarceration in a timely manner. Requiring veterans to 
inform VA adds an additional means for VA to obtain this information, 
thus reducing the frequency and amount of erroneous payments. We 
therefore make no change based on this comment.

Sec.  5.811 Limitation on Disability Compensation During Incarceration

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.811 implemented the statutory 
requirement from 38 U.S.C. 5313 that VA limit the amount of disability 
compensation paid to a veteran who has been incarcerated for more than 
60 days after conviction of a felony if the veteran committed the 
felony after October 7, 1980. One commenter noted that VA's 
Adjudication Manual, M21-1MR, requires VA employees to limit payments 
when notified by one of our federal data sharing agreements that a 
veteran is incarcerated. The commenter, a non-profit organization that 
represents veterans in their VA claims, stated that in their 
experience, when VA receives such notice, it presumes that the veteran 
has been convicted of a felony rather than a misdemeanor and remains 
incarcerated 60 days later. The commenter urged VA to add a provision 
to Sec.  5.811(a) stating that VA will not limit benefits ``until it 
receives official verification that the veteran has been incarcerated 
for more than 60 days after a conviction of a felony.''
    As a preliminary matter, we note that VA does not limit benefits 
based on incarceration without providing due process under 38 CFR 
3.103. Under that provision, VA notifies the veteran that it proposes 
to limit benefits based on information indicating that he or she is 
incarcerated. Before VA will take action to limit benefits, the veteran 
has 60 days in which to respond (e.g., provide evidence to VA showing 
that he or she was incarcerated for less than 61 days or incarcerated 
for conviction of a misdemeanor, not a felony).
    Moreover, the purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make 
VA's compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-
focused, and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major 
changes to VA policies. Thus, the comment recommending additional, new 
procedures is outside the scope of this rulemaking.

Sec.  5.812 Limitation on Dependency and Indemnity Compensation During 
Incarceration

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.812(d) stated, ``Whenever DIC is awarded 
to an incarcerated person, any amounts due for periods prior to the 
date of reduction under this section shall be paid to the incarcerated 
person.'' This language is restated for compensation (Sec.  5.811(b)). 
It is nearly identical to the wording found in current 38 CFR 3.665(k).
    One commenter urged, ``In order to clarify that there will be no 
reduction for amounts due prior to the date of reduction, the language 
in subsection (d) should read as follows: `Any amounts due for periods 
prior to the date of limitation under this section shall be paid to the 
incarcerated person without the limitation imposed under this section.' 
''
    We believe the language of Sec. Sec.  3.665(k), 5.811(b), and 
5.812(d) are entirely clear that ``amounts due for periods prior to the 
date of reduction under this section'' means the normal amount payable 
to an unincarcerated beneficiary. We therefore propose to make no 
change based on this comment.

Sec.  5.813 Discontinuance of Pension During Incarceration.

    Initially proposed Sec.  5.813(b)(2) stated, in part:

    If the veteran has a spouse or child but elects to receive 
disability compensation after VA has notified the veteran of the 
effect of electing disability compensation on the amount available 
for apportionment, then the award of disability compensation will be 
effective on the later of the date VA received the veteran's 
election or the date of discontinuance of pension under paragraph 
(a) of this section.

    Regarding this proposed language, one commenter stated, ``The 
applicability of the `mailbox rule' is not readily apparent in the 
proposed language'' and suggested that the following language be added: 
``If the veteran's election is submitted by U.S. Mail, the date 
received will be considered to be the postmark date.'' The commenter 
offered no reason why this rule should be incorporated into paragraph 
(b)(2).
    We did not imply nor intend that the ``mailbox rule'' apply in 
Sec.  5.813. Current VA regulations in 38 CFR part 3 do not contain 
such a rule. The purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make 
VA's compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-
focused, and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major 
changes to VA policies. Thus, the comment is outside the scope of this 
rulemaking.

Sec.  5.814 Apportionment When a Primary Beneficiary Is Incarcerated.

    One commenter approved of the regulations in AL74 limiting payments 
to incarcerated veterans and urged that VA stop apportioning such 
payments to the families of incarcerated veterans. The commenter did 
not explain the

[[Page 71157]]

basis for the comment that benefits should not be apportioned to the 
incarcerated beneficiary's family.
    Congress specifically authorized VA to make apportionments of 
compensation and dependency and indemnity compensation to dependents of 
incarcerated beneficiaries in 38 U.S.C. 1505(b) and (c) and 5313(b), 
and such apportionments may be important in avoiding hardship to the 
beneficiary's dependents during the beneficiary's incarceration. 
Further, the purpose of the reduction of benefits is not to further 
punish the incarcerated beneficiary, but to prevent unnecessary 
expenditure of government funds to persons otherwise supported at 
government expense and to avoid accumulation of funds with prisoners 
who might use those funds to purchase contraband. Prohibiting 
apportionment to an incarcerated beneficiary's dependents would not 
further those objectives.
    Moreover, the purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make 
VA's compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-
focused, and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major 
changes to VA policies. Thus, the comment is outside the scope of this 
rulemaking.

Sec.  5.815 Resumption of Disability Compensation or Dependency and 
Indemnity Compensation Upon a Beneficiary's Release From Incarceration.

Sec.  5.816 Resumption of Pension Upon a Beneficiary's Release From 
Incarceration.

    One commenter urged VA to remove the requirement in initially 
proposed Sec. Sec.  5.815-5.816 that the veteran inform VA when he or 
she is released from incarceration, in order for VA to restore benefits 
by a certain date. The commenter noted that there is a link between 
military service during wartime and subsequent incarceration and asked 
that VA thank veterans for their service by not requiring them ``to re-
legitimize their standing as war veterans.''
    We note that these provisions are not new; they have existed in 38 
CFR 3.665(i) and 3.666(c) for decades. We do not believe it is unduly 
burdensome for veterans to inform VA when they are released from 
incarceration; as stated above regarding proposed Sec.  5.810, this can 
be easily done through a variety of methods--via mail, email through 
www.va.gov, or by calling our toll free number, 1-800-827-1000. 
Moreover, VA's data sharing agreements with BOP and SSA (also discussed 
above regarding Sec.  5.810) do not provide VA with notice when a 
veteran is released from incarceration. For these reasons, we propose 
to make no change based on this comment.

Sec.  5.817 Fugitive Felons

    Consistent with 38 U.S.C. 5313B and current 38 CFR 3.665-3.666, 
initially proposed Sec.  5.817 stated that VA will not pay or apportion 
benefits to, for, or on behalf of a person for any period during which 
that person is a fugitive felon. Also consistent with those provisions, 
initially proposed Sec.  5.817 defined fugitive felon as a person who 
is ``(i) Fleeing to avoid prosecution for a felony or for an attempt to 
commit a felony; (ii) Fleeing custody or confinement after conviction 
of a felony or conviction of an attempt to commit a felony; or (iii) 
Fleeing to avoid custody or confinement for violating a condition of 
probation or parole imposed for commission of a felony under Federal or 
State law.''
    One commenter noted that, although the proposed language mirrors 
the statutory language, VA's Adjudication Manual, M21-1MR, states that 
a person is presumed to be a fugitive felon if there is an outstanding 
arrest warrant against them. This is problematic, the commenter 
asserted, because ``the warrant may be many years old and it is 
possible the veteran has no idea that a warrant was even issued, let 
alone outstanding.'' The commenter noted that the Social Security 
Administration (SSA) has a similar statutory requirement and previously 
operated under such a presumption. The commenter noted that ``multiple 
lawsuits forced SSA to alter enforcement of [its] regulation and pay 
back millions of dollars in benefits to affected individuals.'' The 
commenter urged VA to revise Sec.  5.817 to define a fugitive felon as 
``one who has a specific intent to flee or avoid prosecution for a 
felony, specific intent to flee or avoid custody after conviction of a 
felony, or specific intent to flee or avoid a condition of felony 
probation or parole.''
    As with limitations of benefits for incarcerated benefits under 
Sec.  5.811, VA provides the same type of due process for veterans who 
may be fleeing felons. These due process procedures would mitigate the 
situations that the commenter is concerned with. That is, the veteran 
has the opportunity to present evidence showing that he or she was not 
actually fleeing, and if that is shown, then VA will take no action to 
limit benefits.
    Moreover, the purpose of the Regulation Rewrite Project is to make 
VA's compensation and pension regulations more logical, claimant-
focused, and user-friendly, not to serve as a vehicle for making major 
changes to VA policies. Thus, the comment is outside the scope of this 
rulemaking.

Endnote Regarding Amendatory Language

    We intend to ultimately remove part 3 entirely, but we are not 
including amendatory language to accomplish that at this time. VA will 
provide public notice before removing part 3.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This document contains no provisions constituting a new collection 
of information under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501-3521).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Secretary hereby certifies that this proposed regulatory 
amendment will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities as they are defined in the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601-612. This proposed amendment would not 
affect any small entities. Therefore, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 605(b), this 
proposed amendment is exempt from the initial and final regulatory 
flexibility analysis requirements of sections 603 and 604.

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess the 
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, when 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety effects, and other advantages; distributive impacts; 
and equity). Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory 
Review) emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting flexibility. 
Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) defines a 
``significant regulatory action,'' which requires review by the Office 
of Management and Budget (OMB), as ``any regulatory action that is 
likely to result in a rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the 
economy of $100 million or more or adversely affect in a material way 
the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, 
the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal 
governments or communities; (2) Create a serious inconsistency or 
otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency; 
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user 
fees, or loan programs or the

[[Page 71158]]

rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or (4) Raise novel legal 
or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's 
priorities, or the principles set forth in this Executive Order.'' The 
economic, interagency, budgetary, legal, and policy implications of 
this regulatory action have been examined and it has been determined 
not to be a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
    VA has determined that there are no direct costs or savings 
associated with this proposed rulemaking, because it will neither 
expand nor restrict the rights or benefits of VA claimants or 
beneficiaries and will not change the way VA develops, processes, or 
pays a claim for benefits. VA has not yet determined the exact manner 
in which it will transition from the current part 3 regulations to the 
part 5 regulations. Prior to publication of the final rule, VA will 
determine this and estimate the costs associated with this transition.
    Executive Order 13563 also requires federal agencies to make 
regulations ``accessible, consistent, written in plain language, and 
easy to understand'' and requires ``retrospective analysis of rules 
that may be outmoded, ineffective, insufficient, or excessively 
burdensome, and to modify, streamline, expand, or repeal them . . .'' 
This NPRM is the cornerstone of VA's compliance with this Executive 
Order. See www.whitehouse.gov/21stcenturygov/actions/21st-century-regulatory-system.

Unfunded Mandates

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 requires, at 2 U.S.C. 
1532, that agencies prepare an assessment of anticipated costs and 
benefits before issuing any rule that may result in the expenditure by 
State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the 
private sector, of $100 million or more (adjusted annually for 
inflation) in any 1 year. This proposed rule would have no such effect 
on State, local, and tribal governments, or on the private sector.

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers and Titles

    The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance program numbers and 
titles for this proposal are 64.100, Automobiles and Adaptive Equipment 
for Certain Disabled Veterans and Members of the Armed Forces; 64.101, 
Burial Expenses Allowance for Veterans; 64.102, Compensation for 
Service-Connected Deaths for Veterans' Dependents; 64.104, Pension for 
Non-Service-Connected Disability for Veterans; 64.105, Pension to 
Veterans Surviving Spouses, and Children; 64.106, Specially Adapted 
Housing for Disabled Veterans; 64.109, Veterans Compensation for 
Service-Connected Disability; 64.110, Veterans Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation for Service-Connected Death; 64.115, Veterans Information 
and Assistance; and 64.127, Monthly Allowance for Children of Vietnam 
Veterans Born with Spina Bifida.

Signing Authority

    The Secretary of Veterans Affairs, or designee, approved this 
document and authorized the undersigned to sign and submit the document 
to the Office of the Federal Register for publication electronically as 
an official document of the Department of Veterans Affairs. John R. 
Gingrich, Chief of Staff, approved this document on January 30, 2013, 
for publication.

List of Subjects in 38 CFR Parts 3 and 5

    Administrative practice and procedure, Claims, Disability benefits, 
Health care, Pensions, Radioactive materials, Veterans, Vietnam.

William F. Russo,
Deputy Director, Office of Office of Regulations Policy and Management, 
Office of the General Counsel, Department of Veterans Affairs.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, VA proposes to amend 38 
CFR part 3 and further amend 38 CFR part 5, as proposed to be added at 
69 FR 4820, Jan. 30, 2004, and as further proposed to be amended at 69 
FR 44614, July 27, 2004; 69 FR 59072, Oct. 1, 2004; 73 FR 19021, Apr. 
8, 2008; 71 FR 37790, June 30, 2006; 70 FR 24680, May 10, 2005; 69 FR 
77578, Dec. 27, 2004, 72 FR 10860, Mar. 9, 2007; 71 FR 16464, Mar. 31, 
2006; 70 FR 61326, Oct. 21, 2005; 71 FR 55052, Sept. 20, 2006; 72 FR 
56136, Oct. 2, 2007; 72 FR 28770, May 22, 2007; 72 FR 54776, Sept. 26, 
2007; 71 FR 31056, May 31, 2006; and 73 FR 20136, Apr. 14, 2008, as 
follows:

PART 3--ADJUDICATION

Subpart A--Pension, Compensation, and Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation

0
1. The authority citation for 38 CFR part 3, subpart A, continues to 
read as follows:

    Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), unless otherwise noted.

0
2. Add Sec.  3.0 to read as follows:


Sec.  3.0  Scope and applicability.

    This part applies only to claims for benefits filed before 
[EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE]. See Sec.  5.0 of this chapter, Scope 
and applicability.
* * * * *
0
3. Add part 5 to read as follows:

PART 5--COMPENSATION, PENSION, BURIAL, AND RELATED BENEFITS

Subpart A: General Provisions

5.0 Scope and applicability.
5.1 General definitions.
5.2 Terms and usage.
5.3 Standards of proof.
5.4 Claims adjudication policies.
5.5 Delegations of authority.
5.6-5.19 [Reserved]
Subpart B: Service Requirements for Veterans

Periods of War and Types of Military Service

5.20 Dates of periods of war.
5.21 Service VA recognizes as active military service.
5.22 Service VA recognizes as active duty.
5.23 How VA classifies Reserve and National Guard duty.
5.24 How VA classifies duty performed by Armed Services Academy 
cadets and midshipmen, attendees at the preparatory schools of the 
Armed Services Academies, and Senior Reserve Officers' Training 
Corps members.
5.25 How VA classifies service in the Public Health Service, in the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey and its successor agencies, and of 
temporary members of the Coast Guard Reserve.
5.26 Circumstances where a person ordered to service, but who did 
not serve, is considered to have performed active duty.
5.27 Individuals and Groups that Qualify as Having Performed Active 
Military Service for purposes of VA Benefits Based on Designation by 
the Secretary of Defense.
5.28 Other groups designated as having performed active military 
service.
5.29 Circumstances under which certain travel periods may be 
classified as military service.
5.30 How VA determines if service qualifies for benefits.

Bars to Benefits

5.31 Statutory bars to benefits.
5.32 Consideration of compelling circumstances when veteran was 
separated for AWOL.
5.33 Insanity as a defense to acts leading to a discharge or 
dismissal from the service that might be disqualifying for benefits.

Military Discharges and Related Matters

5.34 Effect of discharge upgrades by Armed Forces boards for the 
correction of military records (10 U.S.C. 1552) on eligibility for 
VA benefits.
5.35 Effect of discharge upgrades by Armed Forces discharge review 
boards (10 U.S.C. 1553) on eligibility for VA benefits.

[[Page 71159]]

5.36 Effect of certain special discharge upgrade programs on 
eligibility for VA benefits.
5.37 Effect of extension of service obligation due to change in 
military status on eligibility for VA benefits.
5.38 Effect of a voided enlistment on eligibility for VA benefits.

Minimum Service and Evidence of Service

5.39 Minimum active duty service requirement for VA benefits.
5.40 Service records as evidence of service and character of 
discharge that qualify for VA benefits.
5.41-5.49 [Reserved]
Subpart C--Adjudicative Process, General

VA Benefit Claims

5.50 Applications VA Furnishes.
5.51 Filing a claim for disability benefits.
5.52 Filing a claim for death benefits.
5.53 Claims for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151 for disability or 
death due to VA treatment or vocational rehabilitation.
5.54 Informal claims.
5.55 Claims based on new and material evidence.
5.56 Report of examination, treatment, or hospitalization as a 
claim.
5.57 Claims definitions.
5.58-5.79 [Reserved]

Rights of Claimants and Beneficiaries

5.80 Right to representation.
5.81 Submission of information, evidence, or argument.
5.82 Right to a hearing.
5.83 Right to notice of decisions and proposed adverse actions.
5.84 Restoration of benefits following adverse action.
5.85-5.89 [Reserved]

Duties of VA

5.90 VA assistance in developing claims.
5.91 Medical evidence for disability claims.
5.92 Independent medical opinions.
5.93 Service records which are lost, destroyed, or otherwise 
unavailable.
5.94--5.98 [Reserved]

Responsibilities of Claimants and Beneficiaries

5.99 Extensions of Certain Time Limits.
5.100 Time limits for claimant or beneficiary responses.
5.101 Requirement to provide Social Security numbers.
5.102 Reexamination requirements.
5.103 Failure to report for VA examination or reexamination.
5.104 Certifying continuing eligibility to receive benefits.
5.105-5.129 [Reserved]

General Evidence Requirements

5.130 Submission of statements, evidence, or information affecting 
entitlement to benefits.
5.131 Applications, claims, and exchange of evidence with Social 
Security Administration--death benefits.
5.132 Claims, statements, evidence, or information filed abroad; 
authentication of documents from foreign countries.
5.133 Information VA may request from financial institutions.
5.134 VA acceptance of signature by mark or thumbprint.
5.135 Statements certified or under oath or affirmation.
5.136 Abandoned Claims.
5.137-5.139 [Reserved]

Evidence Requirements for Former Prisoners of War (POWs)

5.140 Determining former prisoner of war status.
5.141 Medical evidence for former prisoner of war disability 
compensation claims.
5.142-5.149 [Reserved]

General Effective Dates for Awards

5.150 General effective dates of awards or increased benefits.
5.151 Date of receipt.
5.152 Effective dates based on change of law or VA issue.
5.153 Effective date of awards based on receipt of evidence prior to 
end of appeal period or before a final decision.
5.154-5.159 [Reserved]

General Rules on Revision of Decisions

5.160 Binding effect of VA decisions.
5.161 Review of benefit claims decisions.
5.162 Revision of agency of original jurisdiction decisions based on 
clear and unmistakable error.
5.163 Revision of decisions based on difference of opinion.
5.164 Standard of proof for reducing or discontinuing a benefit 
payment or for severing service connection based on a beneficiary's 
act of commission or omission.
5.165 Service department records as new and material evidence.
5.166 Effective dates for revision of decisions based on difference 
of opinion.
5.167 Effective dates for reducing or discontinuing a benefit 
payment, or for severing service connection, based on omission or 
commission, or based on administrative error or error in judgment.
5.168-5.169 [Reserved]

General Rules on Protection or Reduction of Existing Ratings

5.170 Calculation of 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year periods to qualify 
for protection.
5.171 Protection of 5-year stabilized ratings.
5.172 Protection of continuous 20-year ratings.
5.173 Protection against reduction of disability rating when VA 
revises the Schedule for Rating Disabilities.
5.174 Protection of entitlement to benefits established before 1959.
5.175 Severance of service connection.
5.176 [Reserved]
5.177 Effective dates for reducing or discontinuing a benefit 
payment or for severing service connection.
5.178-5.179 [Reserved]
Subpart D: Dependents and Survivors

General Dependency Provisions

5.180 [Reserved]
5.181 Evidence needed to establish a dependent.
5.182 Change in status of dependents.
5.183 Effective date of award of benefits for a dependent.
5.184 Effective date of reduction or discontinuance based on changes 
in dependency status.
5.185-5.190 [Reserved]

Marriage, Divorce, and Annulment

5.191 Marriages VA recognizes as valid.
5.192 Evidence of marriage.
5.193 Proof of marriage termination where evidence is in conflict or 
termination is contested.
5.194 Acceptance of divorce decrees.
5.195 [Reserved]
5.196 Void or annulled marriages.
5.197 Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of Improved 
Pension, disability compensation, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation due to marriage or remarriage.
5.198-5.199 [Reserved]

Surviving Spouse Status

5.200 Surviving spouse: requirement of valid marriage to veteran.
5.201 Surviving spouse: requirements for relationship with the 
veteran.
5.202 [Reserved]
5.203 Effect of remarriage on a surviving spouse's benefits.
5.204 [Reserved]
5.205 Effective date of resumption of benefits to a surviving spouse 
due to termination of a remarriage.
5.206-5.219 [Reserved]

Child Status

5.220 Status as a child for VA benefit purposes.
5.221 Evidence to establish a parent/natural child relationship.
5.222 Evidence to establish an adopted child relationship.
5.223 Child adopted after a veteran's death.
5.224 Child status despite adoption out of the veteran's family.
5.225 Child status based on adoption into a veteran's family under 
foreign law.
5.226 Child status based on being a veteran's stepchild.
5.227 Child status based on permanent incapacity for self-support.
5.228 Exceptions applicable to termination of child status based on 
marriage of the child.
5.229 Proof of age or birth.

Effective Dates of Changes in Child Status

5.230 Effective date of award of pension or dependency and indemnity 
compensation to or for a child born after the veteran's death.
5.231 Effective date of reduction or discontinuance: child reaches 
age 18 or 23.
5.232 Effective date of reduction or discontinuance: terminated 
adoptions.
5.233 Effective date of reduction or discontinuance: stepchild no 
longer a member of the veteran's household.
5.234 Effective date of an award, reduction, or discontinuance of 
benefits based on child status due to permanent incapacity for self-
support.

[[Page 71160]]

5.235 Effective date of an award of benefits due to termination of a 
child's marriage.
5.236-5.237 [Reserved]

Parent Status

5.238 Status as a veteran's parent.
5.239 [Reserved]
Subpart E: Claims for Service Connection and Disability Compensation

Service-Connected And Other Disability Compensation

5.240 Disability compensation.
5.241 Service-connected disability.
5.242 General principles of service connection.
5.243 Establishing service connection.
5.244 Presumption of sound condition on entry into military service.
5.245 Service connection based on aggravation of preservice injury 
or disease.
5.246 Secondary service connection--disability that is due to or the 
result of service-connected disability.
5.247 Secondary service connection--nonservice-connected disability 
aggravated by service-connected disability.
5.248 Service connection for cardiovascular disease secondary to 
service-connected lower extremity amputation.
5.249 Special service connection rules for combat-related injury or 
disease.
5.250 Service connection for posttraumatic stress disorder.
5.251 Current disabilities for which VA cannot grant service 
connection.
5.252-5.259 [Reserved]

Presumptions of Service Connection for Certain Diseases, Disabilities, 
and Related Matters

5.260 General rules governing presumptions of service connection.
5.261 Certain chronic diseases VA presumes are service connected.
5.262 Presumption of service connection for diseases associated with 
exposure to certain herbicide agents.
5.263 Presumption of service connection for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 
based on service in Vietnam.
5.264 Diseases VA presumes are service connected in a former 
prisoner of war.
5.265 Tropical diseases VA presumes are service connected.
5.266 Disability compensation for certain qualifying chronic 
disabilities.
5.267 Presumption of service connection for conditions associated 
with full-body exposure to nitrogen mustard, sulfur mustard, or 
Lewisite.
5.268 Presumption of service connection for diseases associated with 
exposure to ionizing radiation.
5.269 Direct service connection for diseases associated with 
exposure to ionizing radiation.
5.270 Presumption of service connection for amyotrophic lateral 
sclerosis.
5.271 Presumption of service connection for infectious diseases.
5.272-5.279 [Reserved]

Rating Service-Connected Disabilities

5.280 General rating principles.
5.281 Multiple 0 percent service-connected disabilities.
5.282 Special consideration for paired organs and extremities.
5.283 Total and permanent total ratings and unemployability.
5.284 Total disability ratings for disability compensation purposes.
5.285 Discontinuance of total disability ratings.
5.286-5.299 [Reserved]

Additional Disability Compensation Based on a Dependent Parent

5.300 Establishing dependency of a parent.
5.301 [Reserved]
5.302 General income rules--parent's dependency.
5.303 Deductions from income--parent's dependency.
5.304 Exclusions from income--parent's dependency.
5.305-5.310 [Reserved]

Disability Compensation Effective Dates

5.311 Effective dates--award of disability compensation.
5.312 Effective dates--increased disability compensation.
5.313 Effective dates--discontinuance ofcompensation for a total 
disability rating based on individual unemployability.
5.314 Effective dates--discontinuance of additional disability 
compensation based on parental dependency.
5.315 Effective dates--additional disability compensation based on 
decrease in the net worth of a dependent parent.
5.316-5.319 [Reserved]

Special Monthly Compensation: General

5.320 Determining need for regular aid and attendance.
5.321 Additional disability compensation for a veteran whose spouse 
needs regular aid and attendance.
5.322 Special monthly compensation: general information and 
definitions of disabilities.

Special Monthly Compensation: Specific Statutory Bases

5.323 Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k).
5.324 Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l).
5.325 Special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate between 
38 U.S.C. 1114(l) and (m).
5.326 Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m).
5.327 Special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate between 
38 U.S.C. 1114(m) and (n).
5.328 Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(n).
5.329 Special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate between 
38 U.S.C. 1114(n) and (o).
5.330 Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(o).
5.331 Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(p).
5.332 Additional allowance for regular aid and attendance under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(r)(1) or for a higher level of care under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(r)(2).
5.333 Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(s).
5.334 Special monthly compensation tables.

Special Monthly Compensation: Effective Dates

5.335 Effective dates: special monthly compensation under Sec. Sec.  
5.332 and 5.333.
5.336 Effective dates: additional compensation for regular aid and 
attendance payable for a veteran's spouse under Sec.  5.321.
5.337-5.339 [Reserved]

Tuberculosis

5.340 Pulmonary tuberculosis shown by X-ray in active military 
service.
5.341 Presumption of service connection for tuberculous disease; 
wartime and service after December 31, 1946.
5.342 Initial grant following inactivity of tuberculosis.
5.343 Effect of diagnosis of active tuberculosis.
5.344 Determination of inactivity (complete arrest) of tuberculosis.
5.345 Changes from activity in pulmonary tuberculosis pension cases.
5.346 Tuberculosis and compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(q) and 
1156.
5.347 Discontinuance of a total disability rating for service-
connected tuberculosis.
5.348-5.349 [Reserved]

Injury or Death Due to Hospitalization or Treatment

5.350 Benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for additional disability or 
death due to hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, 
examination, training and rehabilitation services, or compensated 
work therapy program.
5.351 Effective dates of awards of benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) 
for additional disability or death due to hospital care, medical or 
surgical treatment, examination, training and rehabilitation 
services, or compensated work therapy program.
5.352 Effect of Federal Tort Claims Act compromises, settlements, 
and judgments entered after November 30, 1962, on benefits awarded 
under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for additional disability or death due to 
hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, examination, training 
and rehabilitation services, or compensated work therapy program.
5.353 Effect of Federal Tort Claims Act administrative awards, 
compromises, settlements, and judgments finalized before December 1, 
1962, on benefits awarded under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a).
5.354-5.359 [Reserved]

Ratings for Health-Care Eligibility Only

5.360 Service connection of dental conditions for treatment 
purposes.
5.361 Health-care eligibility of a person administratively 
discharged under other-than-honorable conditions.
5.362 Presumption of service incurrence of active psychosis for 
purposes of hospital, nursing home, domiciliary, and medical care.

[[Page 71161]]

5.363 Determination of service connection for a former member of the 
Armed Forces of Czechoslovakia or Poland.
5.364 [Reserved]

Miscellaneous Service-Connection Regulations

5.365 Claims based on the effects of tobacco products.
5.366 Disability due to impaired hearing.
5.367 Civil service preference ratings for employment in the U.S. 
Government.
5.368 Basic eligibility determinations: home loan and education 
benefits.
5.369 [Reserved]
Subpart F: Nonservice-Connected Disability Pensions and Death Pensions

Improved Pension Requirements: Veteran, Surviving Spouse, and Surviving 
Child

5.370 Definitions for Improved Pension.
5.371 Eligibility and entitlement requirements for Improved Pension.
5.372 Wartime service requirements for Improved Pension.
5.373 Evidence of age in Improved Pension claims.
5.374-5.379 [Reserved]

Improved Disability Pension: Disability Determinations and Effective 
Dates

5.380 Disability requirements for Improved Disability Pension.
5.381-5.382 [Reserved]
5.383 Effective dates of awards of Improved Disability Pension.
5.384-5.389 [Reserved]

Special Monthly Pension Eligibility for a Veteran and Surviving Spouse

5.390 Special monthly pension for a veteran or surviving spouse 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance.
5.391 Special monthly pension for a veteran or surviving spouse at 
the housebound rate.
5.392 Effective dates of awards of special monthly pension.
5.393-5.399 [Reserved]

Maximum Annual Pension Rates

5.400 Maximum annual pension rates for a veteran, surviving spouse, 
or surviving child.
5.401 Automatic adjustment of maximum annual pension rates.
5.402-5.409 [Reserved]

Improved Pension Income, Net Worth, and Dependency

5.410 Countable annual income.
5.411 Counting a child's income for Improved Pension payable to a 
child's parent.
5.412 Income exclusions for calculating countable annual income.
5.413 Income deductions for calculating adjusted annual income.
5.414 Net worth determinations for Improved Pension.
5.415 Effective dates of changes in Improved Pension benefits based 
on changes in net worth.
5.416 Persons considered as dependents for Improved Pension.
5.417 Child custody for purposes of determining dependency for 
Improved Pension.
5.418-5.419 [Reserved]

Improved Pension: Income Reporting periods, Payments, Effective Dates, 
and Time Limits

5.420 Reporting periods for Improved Pension.
5.421 How VA calculates an Improved Pension payment amount.
5.422 Effective dates of changes to annual Improved Pension payment 
amounts due to a change in income.
5.423 Improved Pension determinations when expected annual income is 
uncertain.
5.424 Time limits to establish entitlement to Improved Pension or to 
increase the annual Improved Pension amount based on income.
5.425 Frequency of payment of Improved Pension benefits.
5.426-5.429 [Reserved]

Improved Death Pension Marriage Date Requirements and Effective Dates

5.430 Marriage date requirements for Improved Death Pension.
5.431 Effective dates of Improved Death Pension.
5.432 Deemed valid marriages and contested claims for Improved Death 
Pension.
5.433 Effective date of discontinuance of Improved Death Pension 
payments to a beneficiary no longer recognized as the veteran's 
surviving spouse.
5.434 Award or discontinuance of award of Improved Death Pension to 
a surviving spouse where Improved Death Pension payments to a child 
are involved.
5.435 Calculating annual Improved Pension amounts for a surviving 
child.
5.436-5.459 [Reserved]

Choosing Improved Pension Over Other VA Pension Programs

5.460 Definitions of certain VA pension programs.
5.461-5.462 [Reserved]
5.463 Effective dates of Improved Pension elections.
5.464 Multiple pension benefits not payable.
5.465-5.469 [Reserved]

Continuing Entitlement to Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension

5.470 Reasons for discontinuing or reducing Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension.
5.471 Annual income limits and rates for Old-Law Pension and Section 
306 Pension.
5.472 Rating of income for Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension.
5.473 Counting a dependent's income for Old-Law Pension and Section 
306 Pension.
5.474 Deductible expenses for Section 306 Pension only.
5.475 Gaining or losing a dependent for Old-Law Pension and Section 
306 Pension.
5.476 Net worth for Section 306 Pension only.
5.477 Effective dates of reductions and discontinuances of Old-Law 
Pension and Section 306 Pension.
5.478 Time limit to establish continuing entitlement to Old-Law 
Pension or Section 306 Pension.
5.479-5.499 [Reserved]
Subpart G: Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Accrued Benefits, and 
Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a Beneficiary

General Provisions

5.500 Proof of death.
5.501 Proving death by other means.
5.502 Proving death after 7 years of continuous, unexplained 
absence.
5.503 Establishing the date of death.
5.504 Service-connected cause of death.
5.505--5.509 [Reserved]

Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--General

5.510 Dependency and indemnity compensation--basic entitlement.
5.511 Special monthly dependency and indemnity compensation.
5.512 Eligibility for death compensation or death pension instead of 
dependency and indemnity compensation.
5.513--5.519 [Reserved]

Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--Eligibility Requirements and 
Payment Rules for Surviving Spouses and Children

5.520 Dependency and indemnity compensation--time of marriage 
requirements for surviving spouses.
5.521 Dependency and indemnity compensation benefits for survivors 
of certain veterans rated totally disabled at time of death.
5.522 Dependency and indemnity compensation benefits for survivors 
of certain veterans rated totally disabled at time of death--offset 
of wrongful death damages.
5.523 Dependency and indemnity compensation rate for a surviving 
spouse.
5.524 Awards of dependency and indemnity compensation benefits to 
children when there is a retroactive award to a schoolchild.
5.525 Awards of dependency and indemnity compensation when not all 
dependents apply.
5.526--5.529 [Reserved]

Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--Eligibility Requirements and 
Payment Rules for a Parent

5.530 Eligibility for, and payment of, a parent's dependency and 
indemnity compensation.
5.531 General income rules for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation
5.532 Deductions from income for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation.
5.533 Income not counted for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation.

[[Page 71162]]

5.534 When VA counts a parent's income for parent's dependency and 
indemnity compensation.
5.535 Adjustments to a parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation when income changes.
5.536 A parent's dependency and indemnity compensation rates.
5.537 Payment intervals for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation.

Effective Dates

5.538 Effective date of dependency and indemnity compensation award.
5.539 Discontinuance of dependency and indemnity compensation to a 
person no longer recognized as the veteran's surviving spouse.
5.540 Effective date and payment adjustment rules for award or 
discontinuance of dependency and indemnity compensation to a 
surviving spouse where payments to a child are involved.
5.541 Effective date of reduction of a surviving spouse's dependency 
and indemnity compensation due to recertification of pay grade.
5.542 Effective date of an award or an increased rate based on 
decreased income: parents' dependency and indemnity compensation.
5.543 Effective date of reduction or discontinuance based on 
increased income: parents' dependency and indemnity compensation.
5.544 Dependency and indemnity compensation rate adjustments when an 
additional survivor files a claim.
5.545 Effective dates of awards and discontinuances of special 
monthly dependency and indemnity compensation.
5.546-5.550 [Reserved]

Accrued Benefits

5.551 Persons entitled to accrued benefits.
5.552 Claims for accrued benefits.
5.553 Notice of incomplete applications for accrued benefits.
5.554 benefits payable as accrued benefits.
5.555 Relationship between accrued-benefits claims and claims filed 
by the deceased beneficiary.
5.556-5.563 [Reserved]

Special Provisions

5.564 Cancellation of checks mailed to a deceased payee; payment of 
such funds as accrued benefits.
5.565 Special rules for payment of benefits on deposit in a special 
deposit account when a payee living in a foreign country dies.
5.566 Special rules for payment of all benefits except insurance 
payments deposited in a personal-funds-of-patients account when an 
incompetent veteran dies.
5.567 Special rules for payment of Old-Law Pension when a 
hospitalized competent veteran dies.
5.568 Non-payment of certain benefits upon death of an incompetent 
veteran.
5.569-5.579 [Reserved]
Subpart H: Special and Ancillary Benefits for Veterans, Dependents, and 
Survivors

Special Benefits for Veterans, Dependents, and Survivors

5.580 Medal of Honor pension.
5.581 Awards of benefits based on special acts or private laws.
5.582 Naval pension.
5.583 Special allowance under 38 U.S.C. 1312.
5.584 Loan guaranty for a surviving spouse: eligibility 
requirements.
5.585 Certification for death gratuity.
5.586 Certification for dependents' educational assistance.
5.587 Minimum income annuity and gratuitous annuity.
5.588 Special allowance payable under section 156 of Public Law 97-
377.
5.589 Monetary allowance for a Vietnam veteran or a veteran with 
covered service in Korea whose child was born with spina bifida.
5.590 Monetary allowance for a female Vietnam veteran's child with 
certain birth defects.
5.591 Effective date of award for a disabled child of a Vietnam 
veteran or a veteran with covered service in Korea.
5.592 Awards under Nehmer Court orders for disability or death 
caused by a condition presumptively associated with herbicide 
exposure.
5.593-5.599 [Reserved]

Ancillary Benefits for Certain Service-Connected Veterans and Certain 
Members of the Armed Forces Serving on Active Duty

5.600-5.602 [Reserved]
5.603 Financial assistance to purchase a vehicle or adaptive 
equipment.
5.604 Specially adapted housing under 38 U.S.C. 2101(a).
5.605 Special home adaptation grants under 38 U.S.C. 2101(b).
5.606 Clothing allowance.
5.607-5.609 [Reserved]
Subpart I: Benefits for Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors

Philippine Service

5.610 Eligibility for benefits based on Philippine service.
5.611 Philippine service: determination of periods of active 
military service, including, but not limited to, periods of active 
military service while in prisoner of war status.

Benefits and Effective Dates of Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors

5.612 Overview of benefits available to a Filipino veteran and his 
or her survivor.
5.613 Payment of disability compensation or dependency and indemnity 
compensation at the full dollar rate for certain Filipino veterans 
or their survivors residing in the U.S.
5.614 Effective dates of benefits at the full-dollar rate for a 
Filipino veteran and his or her survivor.
5.615 Parents' dependency and indemnity compensation based on 
certain Philippine service.
5.616 Hospitalization in the Philippines.
5.617 Burial benefits at the full-dollar rate for certain Filipino 
veterans residing in the U.S. on the date of death.
5.618 Effective dates of reductions and discontinuances for benefits 
at the full-dollar rate for a Filipino veteran and his or her 
survivor.
5.619-5.629 [Reserved]
Subpart J: Burial Benefits

Burial Benefits: General

5.630 Types of VA burial benefits.
5.631 Deceased veterans for whom VA may provide burial benefits.
5.632 Persons who may receive burial benefits.
5.633 Claims for burial benefits.
5.634 Reimbursable burial expenses: general.
5.635 Reimbursable transportation expenses for a veteran who is 
buried in a national cemetery or who died while hospitalized by VA.
5.636 Burial of a veteran whose remains are unclaimed.
5.637 [Reserved]

Burial Benefits: Allowances & Expenses Paid By VA

5.638 Burial allowance based on service-connected death.
5.639 Transportation expenses for burial in a national cemetery.
5.640-5.642 [Reserved]
5.643 Burial allowance based on nonservice-connected death.
5.644 Burial allowance for a veteran who died while hospitalized by 
VA.
5.645 Plot or interment allowance.
5.646-5.648 [Reserved]

Burial Benefits: Other

5.649 Priority of payments when there is more than one claimant.
5.650 Escheat (payment of burial benefits to an estate with no 
heirs).
5.651 Effect of contributions by government, public, or private 
organizations.
5.652 Effect of forfeiture on payment of burial benefits.
5.653 Eligibility based on status before 1958.
5.654-5.659 [Reserved]
Subpart K: Matters Affecting the Receipt of Benefits

Bars to Benefits

5.660 In the line of duty.
5.661 Willful misconduct.
5.662 Alcohol and drug abuse.
5.663 Homicide as a bar to benefits.
5.664-5.674 [Reserved]

Forfeiture and Renouncement of the Right to VA Benefits

5.675 General forfeiture provisions.
5.676 Forfeiture for fraud.
5.677 Forfeiture for treasonable acts.
5.678 Forfeiture for subversive activity.
5.679 Forfeiture decision procedures.
5.680 Revocation of forfeiture.
5.681 Effective dates: forfeiture.
5.682 Presidential pardon for offenses causing forfeiture.
5.683 Renouncement of benefits.

[[Page 71163]]

5.684-5.689 [Reserved]
Subpart L: Payments and Adjustments to Payments

General Rate-Setting and Payments

5.690 Where to find benefit rates and income limits.
5.691 Adjustments for fractions of dollars.
5.692 Fractions of one cent not paid.
5.693 Beginning date for certain benefit payments.
5.694 Deceased beneficiary.
5.695 Surviving spouse's benefit for the month of the veteran's 
death.
5.696 Payments to or for a child pursuing a course of instruction at 
an approved educational institution.
5.697 Exchange rates for income received or expenses paid in foreign 
currencies.
5.698-5.704 [Reserved]

General Reductions, Discontinuances, and Resumptions

5.705 General effective dates for reduction or discontinuance of 
benefits.
5.706 Payments excluded in calculating income or net worth.
5.707 Deductible medical expenses.
5.708 Eligibility verification reports.
5.709 Claimant and beneficiary responsibility to report changes.
5.710 Adjustment in benefits due to reduction or discontinuance of a 
benefit to another payee.
5.711 Payment to dependents due to the disappearance of a veteran 
for 90 days or more.
5.712 Suspension of benefits due to the disappearance of a payee.
5.713 Restriction on benefit payments to an alien located in enemy 
territory.
5.714 Restriction on delivery of benefit payments to payees located 
in countries on Treasury Department list.
5.715 Claims for undelivered or discontinued benefits.
5.716-5.719 [Reserved]

Hospital, Domiciliary, and Nursing Home Care Reductions and Resumptions

5.720 Adjustments to special monthly compensation based on the need 
for regular aid and attendance while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.
5.721 Resumption of special monthly compensation based on the need 
for regular aid and attendance after a veteran is on temporary 
absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or is 
discharged or released from such care.
5.722 Adjustment of Improved Pension while a veteran is receiving 
domiciliary or nursing home care.
5.723 Adjustment of Improved Pension while a veteran, surviving 
spouse, or child is receiving Medicaid-covered care in a nursing 
facility.
5.724 Adjustment or discontinuance of Improved Pension based on the 
need for regular aid and attendance while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.
5.725 Resumption of Improved Pension and Improved Pension based on 
the need for regular aid and attendance after a veteran is on 
temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care 
or is discharged or released from such care.
5.726 Reduction of Section 306 Pension while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.
5.727 Reduction of Old-Law Pension while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.
5.728 Reduction of Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension based on 
the need for regular aid and attendance while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.
5.729 Resumption of Section 306 Pension and Section 306 Pension 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance during a veteran's 
temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care 
or after released from such care.
5.730 Resumption of Old-Law Pension and Old-Law Pension based on the 
need for regular aid and attendance after a veteran is on temporary 
absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or is 
discharged or released from such care.
5.731-5.739 [Reserved]

Payments to a Beneficiary Who Is Eligible for More Than One Benefit: 
General Provisions

5.740 Definitions relating to elections of benefits.
5.741 Persons who may make an election of benefits.
5.742 Finality of elections; cancellation of certain elections of 
benefits.
5.743 General effective dates for awarding, reducing, or 
discontinuing VA benefits because of an election.
5.744 [Reserved]

Payments From Service Departments and the Effects of Those Payments on 
VA Benefits

5.745 Entitlement to concurrent receipt of military retired pay and 
VA disability compensation.
5.746 Prohibition against receipt of active military service pay and 
VA benefits for the same period.
5.747 Effect of military readjustment pay, disability severance pay, 
and separation pay on VA benefits.
5.748 Concurrent receipt of VA disability compensation and retired 
pay by certain officers of the Public Health Service.
5.749 [Reserved]

Payments From Other Federal Agencies and the Effects of Those Payments 
on VA Benefits for a Veteran and Survivor

5.750 Election between VA benefits and compensation under the 
Federal Employees' Compensation Act for death or disability due to 
military service.
5.751 Election between VA benefits and compensation under the 
Federal Employees' Compensation Act for death or disability due to 
Federal civilian employment.
5.752 Procedures for elections between VA benefits and compensation 
under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act.
5.753 Payment of VA benefits and civil service retirement benefits 
for the same period.
5.754 Effect of payment of compensation under the Radiation Exposure 
Compensation Act of 1990 on payment of certain VA benefits.
5.755 [Reserved]

Rules Concerning the Receipt of Multiple VA Benefits

5.756 Prohibition against concurrent receipt of certain VA benefits 
based on the service of the same veteran.
5.757 Elections between VA disability compensation and VA pension.
5.758 Electing Improved Pension instead of Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension.
5.759 Election between death compensation and dependency and 
indemnity compensation.
5.760 Electing Improved Death Pension instead of dependency and 
indemnity compensation.
5.761 Concurrent receipt of disability compensation, pension, or 
death benefits by a surviving spouse based on the service of more 
than one veteran.
5.762 Payment of multiple VA benefits to a surviving child based on 
the service of more than one veteran.
5.763 Payment of multiple VA benefits to more than one child based 
on the service of the same veteran.
5.764 Payment of Survivors' and Dependents' Educational Assistance 
and VA death pension or dependency and indemnity compensation for 
the same period.
5.765 Payment of compensation to a parent based on the service or 
death of multiple veterans.
5.766-5.769 [Reserved]
Subpart M--Apportionments to Dependents and Payments to Fiduciaries and 
Incarcerated Beneficiaries

Determining Eligibility for Apportionments

5.770 Apportionment claims.
5.771 Special apportionments.
5.772 Veteran's benefits apportionable.
5.773 Veterans disability compensation.
5.774 Benefits not apportionable.
5.775-5.779 [Reserved]
5.780 Eligibility for apportionment of pension.
5.781 Eligibility for apportionment of a surviving spouse's 
dependency and indemnity compensation.
5.782 Effective date of apportionment grant or increase.
5.783 Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of 
apportionment.
5.784 Special rules for apportioned benefits on death of beneficiary 
or apportionee.
5.785-5.789 [Reserved]

Incompetency and Payments to Fiduciaries and Minors

5.790 Determinations of incompetency and competency.
5.791 General fiduciary payments.
5.792 Institutional awards.
5.793 Limitation on payments for a child.
5.794 Beneficiary rated or reported incompetent.
5.795 Change of name of fiduciary.
5.796 Child's benefits to a fiduciary of an incompetent surviving 
spouse.

[[Page 71164]]

5.797 Testamentary capacity for VA insurance purposes.
5.798 Payment of disability compensation previously not paid because 
an incompetent veteran's estate exceeded $25,000.
5.799-5.809 [Reserved]

Payments to Incarcerated Beneficiaries

5.810 Incarcerated beneficiaries--general provisions and 
definitions.
5.811 Limitation on disability compensation during incarceration.
5.812 Limitation on dependency and indemnity compensation during 
incarceration.
5.813 Discontinuance of pension during incarceration.
5.814 Apportionment when a primary beneficiary is incarcerated.
5.815 Resumption of disability compensation or dependency and 
indemnity compensation upon a beneficiary's release from 
incarceration.
5.816 Resumption of pension upon a beneficiary's release from 
incarceration.
5.817 Fugitive felons.

    Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a) and as noted in specific sections.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec.  5.0  Scope and applicability.

    (a) Scope. Except as otherwise provided, this part applies only to 
benefits governed by this part.
    (b) Applicability. This part will apply prospectively, not 
retroactively.
    (1) This part will apply to all claims for benefits VA receives on 
or after [INSERT THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE FINAL RULE].
    (2) This part will apply to new actions VA or a claimant or 
beneficiary initiated on or after [EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE FINAL RULE] 
that pertain to either a running award of benefits or, subject to Sec.  
5.162, to a prior final decision. Such new actions include, but are not 
limited to, actions involving reduction or discontinuance of benefits, 
pension maintenance, adjustment of awards based on dependents, and 
apportionments.
    (3) Part 3 of this chapter will continue to apply to all claims VA 
received before [EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE FINAL RULE] and all actions VA 
or a claimant or beneficiary initiated before that date that were not 
finally decided by that date.
    (4) Part 3 of this chapter will continue to apply to death 
compensation and Spanish-American War benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.1  General definitions.

    The following definitions apply to this part:
    Accrued benefits means unpaid periodic monetary benefits to which a 
person was entitled, based on the evidence in the file on the date of 
his or her death, from a claim for benefits pending on the date of 
death.
    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.554(a) (identifying benefits that VA may 
pay as accrued benefits).
    Active military service means active military, naval, or air 
service, as defined in 38 U.S.C. 101(24) and as described in Sec.  
5.21.
    Agency of original jurisdiction means the Department of Veterans 
Affairs activity or administration, that is, the Veterans Benefits 
Administration, Veterans Health Administration, or National Cemetery 
Administration, that made the initial determination on a claim.
    Alien means any person not a citizen or national of the U.S.
    Application means a specific form the Secretary requires a claimant 
to file to apply for a benefit.
    Armed Forces means the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, 
and Coast Guard, including their reserve components.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(10))


    Beneficiary means a person in receipt of benefits under this part. 
Under certain circumstances, a beneficiary may also meet the definition 
of a claimant (for example, when seeking an increased compensation 
rating or contesting a proposed reduction in benefits).
    Benefit means any VA payment, service, commodity, function, or 
status, entitlement to which is determined under this part, except as 
otherwise provided.
    Certified statement means a statement made and signed by a person 
who affirms that the statement is true and accurate to the best of that 
person's knowledge and belief.
    Child born of the marriage and child born before the marriage. A 
child born of the marriage means a child of a deceased veteran born on 
or after the date of a marriage that is the basis of a surviving 
spouse's entitlement to benefits. A child born before the marriage 
means a child of a deceased veteran born before the date of a marriage 
that is the basis of a surviving spouse's entitlement to benefits. 
Neither of these terms includes an adopted child or a stepchild.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103)


    Claim means a formal or informal communication in writing 
requesting a determination of entitlement, or evidencing a belief in 
entitlement, to a benefit under this part.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5101)


    Claim for benefits pending on the date of death means a claim filed 
with VA which had not been finally adjudicated by VA on or before the 
date of death. Such a claim may include a deceased claimant's claim to 
reopen a finally denied claim based upon new and material evidence or a 
deceased claimant's claim of clear and unmistakable error in a prior 
rating or decision. Any new and material evidence submitted to reopen 
the claim must have been in VA's possession on or before the date of 
the beneficiary's death.
    Claimant means a person applying for, or filing a claim for, any 
benefit under this part.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5100)


    Competent evidence means competent expert evidence or competent lay 
evidence.
    (1) Competent expert evidence. Expert evidence is a statement or 
opinion based all or in part on scientific, medical, technical, or 
other specialized knowledge. Examples include, but are not limited to, 
medical or scientific opinions. Expert evidence is competent if the 
person upon whose knowledge the evidence is based is qualified through 
education, training, or experience to offer the statement or opinion 
comprising the evidence.
    (2) Competent lay evidence. Lay evidence is a statement or opinion 
offered by a lay person. A lay person is a person without relevant 
specialized education, training, or experience. Lay evidence is 
competent if it is provided by a person who has personal knowledge of 
facts or circumstances described in the statement or opinion comprising 
the evidence and if those facts or circumstances can be observed and 
described by a lay person.

    Note to the definition of competent evidence: In VA's 
nonadversarial system, all evidence is admitted into the record. VA 
does not exclude from the record evidence that is not ``competent'' 
under this section; however, such evidence may not be probative 
because it is not competent.

    Custody of a child means that a person or institution is legally 
responsible for the welfare of a child and has the legal right to 
exercise parental control over the child. Such a person or institution 
is the ``custodian'' of the child.
    Direct service connection means that the evidence proves that the 
veteran's injury or disease resulting in disability or death was 
incurred or aggravated in the line of duty during active military 
service without application of the presumptions of service connection 
in subpart E of this part; or of secondary service connection under 
Sec.  5.246, or Sec.  5.247.

[[Page 71165]]

    Discharged or released from active military service includes, but 
is not limited to, either of the following events:
    (1) Retirement from the active military service; or
    (2) Completion of active military service for the period of time a 
person was obligated to serve at the time of entry into that period of 
service in cases where both of the following elements are true:
    (i) The person was not discharged or released at the end of that 
period of time due to an intervening change in military status, as 
defined in Sec.  5.37; and
    (ii) The person would have been eligible for a discharge or release 
under conditions other than dishonorable at the end of that period of 
time except for the intervening change in military status.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(18))


    Drugs means chemical substances that affect the processes of the 
mind or body and that may cause intoxication or harmful effects if 
abused. This includes prescription and non-prescription drugs, whether 
obtained legally or illegally.
    Effective the date of the last payment means that VA's action is 
effective as of the first day of a month in which it is possible to 
suspend, reduce, or discontinue a benefit payment without creating an 
overpayment.
    Evidence in the file on the date of death means evidence in VA's 
possession on or before the date of the deceased beneficiary's death, 
even if such evidence was not physically located in the VA claims 
folder on or before the date of death.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5121(a); Sec. 104, Pub. L. 108-183, 
117 Stat. 2656)


    Final decision means a decision on a claim for benefits of which VA 
sent the claimant written notice as required by Sec.  5.83, and:
    (1) The claimant did not file a timely Notice of Disagreement in 
compliance with Sec.  20.302(a) of this chapter or, with respect to 
simultaneously contested claims, in compliance with Sec.  20.501(a) of 
this chapter;
    (2) The claimant filed a timely Notice of Disagreement, but did not 
file a timely Substantive Appeal in compliance with Sec.  20.302(b) of 
this chapter or, with respect to simultaneously contested claims, in 
compliance with Sec.  20.501(b) of this chapter; or
    (3) In the case of a decision by the Board of Veterans' Appeals, 
the decision is final under Sec.  20.1100 of this chapter.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 7105)


    Fraud means any of the following, as applicable:
    (1) As used in Sec.  5.676, fraud means an act committed when a 
person knowingly makes or causes to be made or conspires, combines, 
aids, or assists in, agrees to, arranges for, or in any way procures 
the making or presentation of a false or fraudulent affidavit, 
declaration, certificate, statement, voucher, or paper, concerning any 
benefit except insurance payments.
    (2) As used in Sec. Sec.  5.196 and 5.203, fraud means an 
intentional misrepresentation of fact, or the intentional failure to 
disclose pertinent facts, for purpose of obtaining, or assisting a 
person to obtain, an annulment or divorce, with knowledge that the 
misrepresentation or failure to disclose may result in the erroneous 
granting of an annulment or divorce.
    (3) As used in Sec. Sec.  5.172, 5.174, and 5.175, fraud means an 
intentional misrepresentation of fact, or the intentional failure to 
disclose pertinent facts, for purpose of obtaining or retaining, or 
assisting a person to obtain or retain, eligibility for benefits, with 
knowledge that the misrepresentation or failure to disclose may result 
in the erroneous award or retention of such benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103, 110, 1159, 6103(a))


    Insanity, as a defense to commission of an act, means a person had 
such a defect of reason resulting from injury, disease, or mental 
deficiency that he or she did not know or understand the nature or 
consequence of the act, or that what he or she was doing was wrong. 
Behavior that is attributable to a personality disorder does not 
satisfy the definition of insanity.
    Nonservice-connected means, with respect to disability or death, 
that such disability was not incurred or aggravated, or that the death 
did not result from a disability incurred or aggravated, in the line of 
duty in active military service.
    Notice means either:
    (1) A written communication VA sends a claimant or beneficiary at 
his or her latest address of record, and to his or her designated 
representative and fiduciary, if any; or
    (2) An oral communication VA conveys to a claimant or beneficiary.
    Nursing home means any of the following facilities:
    (1) Any extended care facility licensed by a State to provide 
skilled or intermediate-level nursing care;
    (2) A nursing home care unit in a State veterans' home approved for 
payment under 38 U.S.C. 1742, Inspections of such homes; restrictions 
on beneficiaries; or
    (3) A VA Nursing Home Care Unit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(28))


    Payee means a person to whom monetary benefits are payable.
    Political subdivision of the U.S. means a State, as defined in this 
section, and the counties (or parishes), cities, or municipalities of a 
State.
    Proximately caused means that the event resulted directly from the 
cause and would not have occurred without that cause.
    Psychosis means any of the following disorders listed in 
``Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', Fourth 
Edition, Text Revision, of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-
IV-TR):
    (1) Brief Psychotic Disorder;
    (2) Delusional Disorder;
    (3) Psychotic Disorder Due to General Medical Condition;
    (4) Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified;
    (5) Schizoaffective Disorder;
    (6) Schizophrenia;
    (7) Schizophreniform Disorder;
    (8) Shared Psychotic Disorder; and
    (9) Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1101, 1112(a) and (b))


    Reserve, or reservist, means a member of a reserve component.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(26))


    Reserve component means the Army, Naval, Marine Corps, Air Force, 
and Coast Guard Reserves and the Army National Guard and Air National 
Guard of the U.S.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(27))


    Secretary concerned means:
    (1) The Secretary of the Army, with respect to matters concerning 
the Army;
    (2) The Secretary of the Navy, with respect to matters concerning 
the Navy or the Marine Corps;
    (3) The Secretary of the Air Force, with respect to matters 
concerning the Air Force;
    (4) The Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to matters 
concerning the Coast Guard;
    (5) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, with respect to 
matters concerning the Public Health Service; or
    (6) The Secretary of Commerce, with respect to matters concerning 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Environmental Science Services 
Administration, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(25))


    Service-connected means, with respect to disability or death, that 
such

[[Page 71166]]

disability was incurred or aggravated, or that the death resulted from 
a disability incurred or aggravated, in the line of duty in active 
military service.
    Service treatment records means, regarding an applicant for 
membership in, or a member of, the Armed Forces, records of medical 
treatment and examinations conducted by the Armed Forces or by a 
civilian health care provider at Armed Forces' expense.
    State means each of the several States, Territories, and 
possessions of the U.S.; the District of Columbia; and the Commonwealth 
of Puerto Rico. For purposes of 38 U.S.C. 101(20), and 38 U.S.C. 
chapters 34 and 35, ``State'' will also include the Canal Zone.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(20))


    Uniformed services means the Armed Forces; the Army National Guard 
and the Air National Guard when engaged in active duty for training, 
inactive duty training, or full-time federal National Guard duty; the 
commissioned corps of the Public Health Service; and any other category 
of persons designated by the President in time of war or national 
emergency.
    VA means all organizational units of the Department of Veterans 
Affairs.
    Veteran means any of the following persons, as applicable:
    (1) A person who had active military service and who was discharged 
or released under conditions other than dishonorable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(2))


    (2) A person who died in active military service and whose death 
was not due to willful misconduct.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1101(1), 1301)


    (3) For death pension purposes, a person who died in active 
military service under conditions that prevent payment of service-
connected death benefits. The person must have completed at least 2 
years of honorable military service, as certified by the Secretary 
concerned. See subpart F of this part for eligibility information.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1541(h))


    Willful misconduct, for purposes of this part, means an act 
involving deliberate or intentional wrongdoing with knowledge, or 
wanton and reckless disregard, of its probable consequences. Civil 
infractions (such as mere technical violation of police regulations or 
other ordinances) will not, by themselves, constitute willful 
misconduct.


Sec.  5.2  Terms and usage.

    Unless otherwise provided, a singular noun in this part that refers 
to a person also includes the plural of that noun (for example, 
``child'' includes ``children''). Nouns that follow this rule include, 
but are not limited to, the following:
    (a) Veteran;
    (b) Claimant;
    (c) Beneficiary;
    (d) Dependent;
    (e) Spouse;
    (f) Child;
    (g) Parent; and
    (h) Survivor.


Sec.  5.3  Standards of proof.

    (a) Applicability. This section states the general standards of 
proof to prove a fact or resolve an issue material to deciding a claim 
and to rebut presumptions. These standards apply unless a statute or 
another section of this part specifically provides otherwise.
    (b) Proving a fact or issue--(1) Weight of the evidence. Weight of 
the evidence means the persuasiveness of some evidence in comparison 
with other evidence.
    (2) Equipoise. Equipoise means that there is an approximate balance 
between the weight of the evidence in support of and the weight of the 
evidence against a particular finding of fact or the resolution of a 
particular issue.
    (3) Benefit of the doubt rule. When the evidence is in equipoise 
regarding a particular fact or issue, VA will give the benefit of the 
doubt to the claimant and the fact or issue will be resolved in the 
claimant's favor. A fact or issue that would tend to disprove a claim 
must be established by a preponderance of the evidence. The benefit of 
the doubt rule applies even in the absence of official records. For 
example, in applying the standard, VA will consider that no official 
records may have been kept in cases where an alleged incident arose 
under combat or similarly strenuous conditions if the incident is 
consistent with the probable results of such known hardships.
    (4) Preponderance of evidence. A fact or issue is established by a 
``preponderance of evidence'' when the weight of the evidence in 
support of that fact or issue is greater than the weight of the 
evidence against it.
    (5) Weighing the evidence. In determining whether the evidence is 
in equipoise, VA will consider whether evidence favoring the existence, 
or nonexistence, of a relevant fact or issue is supported or 
contradicted by the evidence as a whole and by known facts. Objectively 
unsupported personal speculation, suspicion, or doubt on the part of a 
person adjudicating a claim is not a sufficient basis for concluding 
that the evidence is not in equipoise.
    (6) Reopening claims. The standards of proof otherwise provided in 
this section do not apply when determining if evidence is new and 
material, but do apply after the claim has been reopened. In 
determining whether to reopen a claim based on new and material 
evidence, the evidence need not be in equipoise. VA will reopen a claim 
when the new and material evidence merely raises a reasonable 
possibility of substantiating the claim. See Sec.  5.55.
    (c) Rebuttal of a presumption. A presumption is rebutted if the 
preponderance of evidence is contrary to the presumed fact. In 
rebutting a presumption under Sec.  5.260(c), affirmative evidence 
means evidence supporting the existence of certain facts.
    (d) Quality of evidence to be considered. VA does not simply count 
the pieces of evidence for or against the existence, or nonexistence, 
of a relevant fact or issue when it is determining whether the 
applicable standard of proof has been met. VA will assess the 
credibility and probative value of each piece of evidence and then 
weigh all the relevant evidence for and against the fact or issue. Not 
all pieces of evidence will carry equal weight.
    (e) Absence of evidence may be evidence. VA may consider the weight 
of an absence of evidence in support of, or against, a particular fact 
or issue.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5107(b))

Sec.  5.4  Claims adjudication policies.

    (a) Ex parte proceedings and assistance. VA conducts its 
proceedings ex parte, which means that VA is not an adversary of the 
claimant. VA will assist a claimant or beneficiary in developing his or 
her claim as provided in Sec.  5.90.
    (b) VA decision-making. VA will base its decisions on a review of 
the entire record, including material pertaining to the claimant or 
decedent in a death benefit claim. It is VA's defined and consistently 
applied policy to administer the law under a broad interpretation, 
consistent with the facts shown in every case. VA will make decisions 
that grant every benefit that the law supports while at the same time 
protecting the interests of the Government.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.5  Delegations of authority.

    (a) Entitlement to benefits. Authority to make findings and 
decisions under the applicable laws, regulations, precedents, and 
instructions, as to entitlement to benefits under this part 5 is 
delegated to the Under Secretary for Benefits, and to supervisory or 
adjudicative personnel within the

[[Page 71167]]

Veterans Benefits Administration who are designated by the Under 
Secretary for Benefits.
    (b) Forfeiture. Authority to determine whether a claimant or payee 
has forfeited the right to benefits or to remit a forfeiture under 38 
U.S.C. 6103 or 6104 is delegated to the Director, Compensation Service, 
the Director, Pension and Fiduciary Service, and to personnel 
designated by the Directors. See Sec.  5.679.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 512(a))

Sec.  5.6-5.19  [Reserved]

Subpart B--Service Requirements for Veterans

Periods of War and Types of Military Service


Sec.  5.20  Dates of periods of war.

    This section explains what periods of service VA recognizes as 
wartime service, beginning with World War I. See 38 U.S.C. 101 for 
information concerning earlier periods of war. A veteran who served 
during one of these periods had wartime service.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Period                           Dates             Exceptions/Special Rules         Authority
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) World War I...................  April 6, 1917, through      (1) April 6, 1917, through  38 U.S.C. 101(7),
                                     November 11, 1918.          April 1, 1920, for U.S.     1101(2)(A),
                                                                 Armed Forces serving in     1501(2).
                                                                 Russia.
                                                                (2) April 6, 1917, through
                                                                 July 1, 1921, for a
                                                                 veteran who served in the
                                                                 active military service
                                                                 after April 5, 1917, and
                                                                 before November 12, 1918.
                                                                 This extension is limited
                                                                 to matters concerning
                                                                 benefits under 38 U.S.C.
                                                                 chapter 11 (disability
                                                                 compensation and death
                                                                 compensation) and
                                                                 benefits under 38 U.S.C.
                                                                 chapter 15 (``Pension for
                                                                 Non-Service-Connected
                                                                 Disability or Death or
                                                                 for Service'').
(b) World War II..................  December 7, 1941, through   World War II service also   38 U.S.C. 101(8),
                                     December 31, 1946.          includes any period of      1101(2)(B).
                                                                 continuous service after
                                                                 December 31, 1946, and
                                                                 before July 26, 1947, if
                                                                 that period of service
                                                                 began before January 1,
                                                                 1947. This extension is
                                                                 limited to matters
                                                                 concerning benefits under
                                                                 38 U.S.C. chapter 11
                                                                 (disability compensation
                                                                 and death compensation).
(c) Korean Conflict...............  June 27, 1950, through      None......................  38 U.S.C. 101(9).
                                     January 31, 1955.
(d) Vietnam Era...................  August 5, 1964, through     The Vietnam Era also        38 U.S.C. 101(29).
                                     May 7, 1975.                includes February 28,
                                                                 1961, through August 4,
                                                                 1964, in the case of a
                                                                 veteran who served in the
                                                                 Republic of Vietnam
                                                                 during that period.
(e) Persian Gulf War..............  August 2, 1990, through a   ..........................  38 U.S.C. 101(33).
                                     date to be prescribed by
                                     Presidential proclamation
                                     or by law.
(f) Future periods of war.........  Beginning on the date of    ..........................  38 U.S.C. 101(11).
                                     any future declaration of
                                     war by the Congress and
                                     ending on a date
                                     prescribed by
                                     Presidential proclamation
                                     or concurrent resolution
                                     of the Congress.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  5.21  Service VA recognizes as active military service.

    (a) Definition. Active military service includes any of the 
following kinds of service:
    (1) Active duty: See Sec.  5.22.
    (2) The service of a person certified by the Secretary of Defense 
as serving on active military service. See Sec.  5.27.
    (3) The service of a group listed in Sec.  5.28.
    (4) Active duty for training during which the person was disabled 
or died from an injury or disease incurred or aggravated in the line of 
duty.
    (5) Inactive duty training during which the person was disabled or 
died from an injury incurred or aggravated in the line of duty or from 
an acute myocardial infarction, a cardiac arrest, or a cerebrovascular 
accident.
    (6) Active or Reserve duty for a person who was injured or died 
while assigned to the Postmaster General for the aerial transportation 
of mail from February 10, 1934, through March 26, 1935.

(Authority: Pub. L. 73-140, 48 Stat. 508)


    (b) Determination of period of active military service. In 
determining the period of active military service for service-connected 
or nonservice-connected benefits, VA will not count:
    (1) Time spent on industrial, agricultural, or indefinite furlough;
    (2) Time lost when absent without leave and without pay;
    (3) Time while under arrest without a subsequent acquittal or 
dismissal of charges;
    (4) Time during desertion; or
    (5) Subject to 10 U.S.C. 875 (concerning the restoration of rights, 
privileges, and property affected by certain court-marital sentences 
that are set aside or disapproved), time while serving a sentence of 
confinement imposed by a court-martial.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(24), 501(a).


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1(ee), for the definition of ``reserve''.


Sec.  5.22  Service VA recognizes as active duty.

    (a) Definition. Active duty means:
    (1) Full-time duty in the Armed Forces, other than active duty for 
training.
    (2) Certain duty performed by:
    (i) Reserve and National Guard members. See Sec.  5.23.
    (ii) Armed Services Academy cadets, midshipmen, attendees at the 
preparatory schools of the Armed

[[Page 71168]]

Services Academies, and Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps 
members. See Sec.  5.24.
    (iii) Commissioned officers of the Public Health Service, Coast and 
Geodetic Survey and its successor agencies, and temporary members of 
the Coast Guard Reserves. See Sec.  5.25.
    (3) Certain service of persons ordered to service but who did not 
serve. See Sec.  5.26.
    (b) Termination of active duty. Active duty continues until 
midnight of the date of discharge or release from active duty.
    (c) Certain travel periods. Active duty includes certain travel as 
provided in Sec.  5.29.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(21))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reserve''.


Sec.  5.23  How VA classifies Reserve and National Guard duty.

    (a) Reserve duty--(1) Active duty. Full-time duty in the Armed 
Forces performed by a Reservist, other than active duty for training, 
is active duty.
    (2) Active duty for training. Full-time duty in the Armed Forces 
performed by a Reservist for training purposes is active duty for 
training.
    (3) Inactive duty training. Duty that is not full-time duty and 
that the Secretary concerned prescribes for a Reservist to participate 
in as a regular period of instruction or appropriate duty is inactive 
duty training. See 37 U.S.C. 206, ``Reserves; members of National 
Guard: inactive-duty training''. Special additional duties authorized 
for a Reservist by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned 
and performed on a voluntary basis in connection with prescribed 
training maintenance activities of the unit to which the Reservist is 
assigned is also inactive duty training.
    (b) National Guard--(1) Active duty. Full-time duty in the Armed 
Forces performed by a member of the National Guard serving under title 
10, United States Code, other than active duty for training, is active 
duty.
    (2) Active duty for training. Full-time duty performed by a member 
of the National Guard of any State under any of the following six 
circumstances is active duty for training:
    (i) When detailed as a rifle instructor for civilians (see 32 
U.S.C. 316);
    (ii) During required drills and field exercises (see 32 U.S.C. 
502);
    (iii) While participating in field exercises as directed by the 
Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force (see 32 U.S.C. 
503);
    (iv) While attending schools or small arms competitions as 
prescribed by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air 
Force (see 32 U.S.C. 504);
    (v) While attending any service school (except the U.S. Military 
Academy or the U.S. Air Force Academy), or attached to an organization 
of the Army or the Air Force for routine practical instruction during 
field training or other outdoor exercise (see 32 U.S.C. 505); or
    (vi) When performed under prior provisions of law that correspond 
to 32 U.S.C. 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505, for each of paragraphs 
(b)(2)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (3) Inactive duty training. Duty, other than full-time duty, 
performed by a member of the National Guard of any State under any of 
the following six circumstances is inactive duty training:
    (i) When detailed as a rifle instructor for civilians (see 32 
U.S.C. 316);
    (ii) During required drills and field exercises (see 32 U.S.C. 
502);
    (iii) While participating in field exercises as directed by the 
Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force (see 32 U.S.C. 
503);
    (iv) While attending schools or small arms competitions as 
prescribed by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air 
Force (see 32 U.S.C. 504);
    (v) While attending any service school (except the U.S. Military 
Academy or the U.S. Air Force Academy), or attached to an organization 
of the Army or the Air Force for routine practical instruction during 
field training or other outdoor exercise (see 32 U.S.C. 505); or
    (vi) When performed under prior provisions of law that correspond 
to 32 U.S.C. 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505, for each of paragraphs 
(b)(3)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (4) Exception. Inactive duty training does not include work or 
study performed in connection with correspondence courses, or 
attendance at an educational institution in an inactive status.
    (c) Certain travel periods. For issues involving travel of a 
reservist or member of the National Guard, see Sec.  5.29.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(21)-(23), 106, 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reserve''.


Sec.  5.24  How VA classifies duty performed by Armed Services Academy 
cadets and midshipmen, attendees at the preparatory schools of the 
Armed Services Academies, and Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps 
members.

    (a) Service as a cadet or midshipman. Service as a cadet at the 
U.S. Air Force Academy, U.S. Military Academy, or U.S. Coast Guard 
Academy, or as a midshipman at the U.S. Naval Academy qualifies as 
active duty. The period of such duty continues until midnight of the 
date of discharge or release from the respective service academy.
    (b) Preparatory school attendance--(1) Active duty. Attendance at 
the preparatory schools of the U.S. Air Force Academy, the U.S. 
Military Academy, or the U.S. Naval Academy is considered active duty 
if:
    (i) The person was an enlisted active-duty member who was 
reassigned to a preparatory school without a release from active duty; 
or
    (ii) The person has a commitment to perform active duty in the 
Armed Forces that would be binding upon disenrollment from the 
preparatory school.
    (2) Active duty for training. Except as provided in paragraph 
(b)(1)(ii) of this section, attendance at the preparatory schools of 
the U.S. Air Force Academy, the U.S. Military Academy, or the U.S. 
Naval Academy by a person who enters the preparatory school directly 
from the Reserves, National Guard, or civilian life is active duty for 
training.
    (c) Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps--(1) Active duty for 
training. Duty performed by a member of a Senior Reserve Officers' 
Training Corps program when ordered to duty for purpose of training or 
a practice cruise under statutes and regulations governing the Armed 
Forces conduct of the Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps is active 
duty for training.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. chapter 103)


    (i) Paragraph (c)(1) of this section is effective October 1, 1982, 
for death or disability resulting from injury or disease incurred or 
aggravated after September 30, 1982.
    (ii) Paragraph (c)(1) of this section is effective October 1, 1983, 
for death or disability resulting from injury or disease incurred or 
aggravated before October 1, 1982.
    (iii) For duty after September 30, 1988, the duty must be a 
prerequisite to the member being commissioned and must be for at least 
4 continuous weeks.
    (2) Inactive duty training. Training by a member of, or an 
applicant for membership (a student enrolled, during a semester or 
other enrollment term, in a course that is part of Reserve Officers' 
Training Corps instruction at an educational institution) in, the 
Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps prescribed under 10 U.S.C. 
Chapter 103, ``Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps'', is inactive 
duty training.
    (3) Drills. Time spent by a member of the Senior Reserve Officers' 
Training Corps in drills as part of his or her activities as a member 
of the corps is not active military service.

[[Page 71169]]

    (d) Travel. For issues involving travel under this section, see 
Sec.  5.29.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101, 106, 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reserve''.


Sec.  5.25  How VA classifies service in the Public Health Service, in 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey and its successor agencies, and of 
temporary members of the Coast Guard Reserve.

    (a) Public Health Service--(1) Active duty. (i) Full-time duty, 
other than for training purposes, as a commissioned officer of the 
Regular or Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service is active duty if 
performed:
    (A) After July 28, 1945;
    (B) Before July 29, 1945, under circumstances affording entitlement 
to full military benefits; or
    (C) At any time, for purposes of dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC).
    (ii) Such active duty continues until midnight of the date of 
discharge or release from active duty.
    (2) Active duty for training. Full-time duty for training purposes 
performed as a commissioned officer of the Reserve Corps of the Public 
Health Service is active duty for training if performed:
    (i) After July 28, 1945;
    (ii) Before July 29, 1945, under circumstances affording 
entitlement to full military benefits, as determined by the Secretary 
of the Department of Defense; or
    (iii) At any time, for purposes of DIC.
    (3) Inactive duty training. Either of the following kinds of 
service is inactive duty training:
    (i) Duty, other than full-time duty, prescribed for a commissioned 
officer of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service by the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services under 37 U.S.C. 206, ``Reserves; 
members of National Guard: inactive-duty training'', or any other 
provision of law; or
    (ii) Special additional duties authorized for a commissioned 
officer of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service by an 
authority designated by the Secretary of Health and Human Services and 
performed by him or her on a voluntary basis in connection with the 
prescribed training or maintenance activities of the units to which he 
or she is assigned.
    (b) Coast and Geodetic Survey and successor agencies--(1) Active 
duty. Full-time duty as a commissioned officer in the Coast and 
Geodetic Survey and its successor agencies, the Environmental Science 
Services Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, is active duty if performed:
    (i) After July 28, 1945;
    (ii) Before July 29, 1945, while on transfer to one of the Armed 
Forces;
    (iii) Before July 29, 1945, in time of war or National emergency 
declared by the President, while assigned to duty on a project for one 
of the Armed Forces in an area that the Secretary of Defense has 
determined to be of immediate military hazard;
    (iv) In the Philippine Islands on December 7, 1941, and 
continuously in such islands thereafter until July 29, 1945; or
    (v) At any time, for purposes of DIC.
    (2) Such active duty continues until midnight of the date of 
discharge or release from active duty.
    (c) Temporary member of the Coast Guard Reserve. Duty performed as 
a temporary member of the Coast Guard Reserve is not active duty for 
training or inactive duty training.
    (d) Travel. For issues involving travel by a member of the Public 
Health Service, a member of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and its 
successor agencies, or a reservist under this section, see Sec.  5.29.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101, 106, 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``reserve'' and 
``reservist''.


Sec.  5.26  Circumstances where a person ordered to service, but who 
did not serve, is considered to have performed active duty.

    (a) Persons included. The persons described in paragraph (a) of 
this section who meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of 
this section will be considered to have performed active duty for 
purpose of entitlement to benefits.
    (1) Volunteers. Volunteers are included, provided they have applied 
for enlistment or enrollment in the active military service and have 
been provisionally accepted and directed or ordered to report to a 
place for final acceptance into the service.
    (2) Draftees. Persons selected or drafted for enrollment in the 
active military service are included if they report, before being 
rejected for service, according to a call from their local draft board.
    (3) National Guard. Members of the National Guard are included when 
they have been called into Federal active service, but have not yet 
been enrolled in such service, and when reporting to a designated 
rendezvous.
    (b) Injury or disease. This section applies only if a person 
described in paragraph (a) of this section suffers an injury or 
contracts a disease in the line of duty while going to, coming from, or 
at a place designated for final acceptance or entry upon active duty. 
This applies to a draftee or selectee when reporting for preinduction 
examination or for final induction into active duty. This section does 
not apply to an injury or disease suffered during a period of inactive 
duty status or period of waiting after a final physical examination and 
prior to beginning the trip to report for induction. The injury or 
disease must be due to some factor relating to compliance with proper 
orders.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 106(b))


Sec.  5.27  Individuals and Groups that Qualify as Having Performed 
Active Military Service for purposes of VA Benefits Based on 
Designation by the Secretary of Defense.

    (a) Designation by the Secretary of Defense. Service performed by 
certain persons and groups for the Armed Forces of the U.S. in a 
capacity considered civilian employment or contractual service when the 
service was performed is active military service for purpose of VA 
benefits, if the Secretary of Defense, or his or her designee, 
certifies it as active military service and issues a discharge under 
honorable conditions.
    (b) Individuals and groups included. The Secretary of Defense, or 
his or her designee, has certified as active military service the 
service of the following individuals and groups:
    (1) American Merchant Marine in Oceangoing Service any time during 
the period December 7, 1941, to August 15, 1945. Recognized effective 
January 19, 1988.
    (2) The approximately 50 Chamorro and Carolinian former native 
policemen who received military training in the Donnal area of central 
Saipan and were placed under the command of Lt. Casino of the 6th 
Provisional Military Police Battalion to accompany U.S. Marines on 
active, combat-patrol activity any time during the period August 19, 
1945 to September 2, 1945. Recognized effective September 30, 1999.
    (3) Civilian Crewmen of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey 
(U.S.C.GS) vessels, who performed their service in areas of immediate 
military hazard while conducting cooperative operations with and for 
the U.S. Armed Forces any time during the period December 7, 1941, to 
August 15, 1945. Qualifying U.S.C.GS vessels specified by the Secretary 
of Defense, or his or her designee, are the Derickson, Explorer, 
Gilbert, Hilgard, E. Lester Jones, Lydonia, Patton, Surveyor, 
Wainwright,

[[Page 71170]]

Westdahl, Oceanographer, Hydrographer, and Pathfinder. Recognized 
effective April 8, 1991.
    (4) Civilian employees of Pacific Naval Air Bases who actively 
participated in Defense of Wake Island during World War II. Recognized 
effective January 22, 1981.
    (5) Civilian Navy Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) Technicians, 
who served in the Combat Areas of the Pacific any time during the 
period December 7, 1941, to August 15, 1945. Recognized effective 
August 2, 1988.
    (6) Civilian personnel assigned to the Secret Intelligence Element 
of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Recognized effective 
December 27, 1982.
    (7) Engineer Field Clerks (WWI). Recognized effective August 31, 
1979.
    (8) Guam Combat Patrol. Recognized effective May 10, 1983.
    (9) Honorably discharged members of the American Volunteer Group 
(Flying Tigers), who served any time during the period December 7, 
1941, to July 18, 1942. Recognized effective May 3, 1991.
    (10) Honorably discharged members of the American Volunteer Guard, 
Eritrea Service Command, who served any time during the period June 21, 
1942, to March 31, 1943. Recognized effective June 29, 1992.
    (11) Male Civilian Ferry Pilots. Recognized effective July 17, 
1981.
    (12) The Operational Analysis Group of the Office of Scientific 
Research and Development, Office of Emergency Management, which served 
overseas with the U.S. Army Air Corps any time during the period 
December 7, 1941, to August 15, 1945. Recognized effective August 
27,1999.
    (13) Quartermaster Corps Female Clerical Employees serving with the 
AEF (American Expeditionary Forces) in World War I. Recognized 
effective January 22, 1981.
    (14) Quartermaster Corps Keswick Crew on Corregidor (WWII). 
Recognized effective February 7, 1984.
    (15) Reconstruction Aides and Dietitians in World War I. Recognized 
effective July 6, 1981.
    (16) Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit of World War I. 
Recognized effective May 15, 1979.
    (17) Three scouts/guides, Miguel Tenorio, Penedicto Taisacan, and 
Cristino Dela Cruz, who assisted the U.S. Marines in the offensive 
operations against the Japanese on the Northern Mariana Islands from 
June 19, 1944, through September 2, 1945. Recognized effective 
September 30, 1999.
    (18) U.S. civilian employees of American Airlines, who served 
overseas as a result of American Airlines' contract with the Air 
Transport Command any time during the period December 14, 1941, to 
August 14, 1945. Recognized effective October 5, 1990.
    (19) U.S. civilian female employees of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps 
while serving in the defense of Bataan and Corregidor any time during 
the period January 2, 1942, to February 3, 1945. Recognized effective 
December 13, 1993.
    (20) U.S. Civilian Flight Crew and Aviation Ground Support 
Employees of Braniff Airways, who served overseas in the North Atlantic 
or under the jurisdiction of the North Atlantic Wing, Air Transport 
Command (ATC), as a result of a contract with the ATC any time during 
the period February 26, 1942, to August 14, 1945. Recognized effective 
June 2, 1997.
    (21) U.S. Civilian Flight Crew and Aviation Ground Support 
Employees of Consolidated Vultree Aircraft Corporation (Consairway 
Division), who served overseas as a result of a contract with the Air 
Transport Command any time during the period December 14, 1941, to 
August 14, 1945. Recognized effective June 29, 1992.
    (22) U.S. Civilian Flight Crew and Aviation Ground Support 
Employees of Northeast Airlines Atlantic Division, who served overseas 
as a result of Northeast Airlines' Contract with the Air Transport 
Command any time during the period December 7, 1941, to August 14, 
1945. Recognized effective June 2, 1997.
    (23) U.S. Civilian Flight Crew and Aviation Ground Support 
Employees of Northwest Airlines, who served overseas as a result of 
Northwest Airline's contract with the Air Transport Command any time 
during the period December 14, 1941, to August 14, 1945. Recognized 
effective December 13, 1993.
    (24) U.S. Civilian Flight Crew and Aviation Ground Support 
Employees of Pan American World Airways and Its Subsidiaries and 
Affiliates, who served overseas as a result of Pan American's Contract 
with the Air Transport Command and Naval Air Transport Service any time 
during the period December 14, 1941, to August 14, 1945. Recognized 
effective July 16, 1992.
    (25) U.S. Civilian Flight Crew and Aviation Ground Support 
Employees of Transcontinental and Western Air (TWA), Inc., who served 
overseas as a result of TWA's contract with the Air Transport Command 
any time during the period December 14, 1941, to August 14, 1945. The 
``Flight Crew'' includes pursers. Recognized effective May 13, 1992.
    (26) U.S. Civilian Flight Crew and Aviation Ground Support 
Employees of United Air Lines (UAL), who served overseas as a result of 
UAL's contract with the Air Transport Command any time during the 
period December 14, 1941, to August 14, 1945. Recognized effective May 
13, 1992.
    (27) U.S. civilian volunteers, who actively participated in the 
Defense of Bataan. Recognized effective February 7, 1984.
    (28) U.S. civilians of the American Field Service (AFS), who served 
overseas operationally in World War I any time during the period August 
31, 1917, to January 1, 1918. Recognized effective August 30, 1990.
    (29) U.S. civilians of the American Field Service (AFS), who served 
overseas under U.S. Armies and U.S. Army Groups in World War II any 
time during the period December 7, 1941, to May 8, 1945. Recognized 
effective August 30, 1990.
    (30) U.S. Merchant Seamen who served on blockships in support of 
Operation Mulberry. Recognized effective October 18, 1985.
    (31) Wake Island Defenders from Guam. Recognized effective April 7, 
1982.
    (32) Women's Air Forces Service Pilots (WASP). Recognized effective 
November 23, 1977.
    (33) Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC). Recognized effective 
March 18, 1980.
    (c) Effective dates of awards--(1) Scope. This paragraph (c) 
establishes the effective date of an award of any of the following 
benefits based on service in a group listed in this section:
    (i) Pension;
    (ii) Disability compensation;
    (iii) Dependency and indemnity compensation; and
    (iv) Monetary allowances for a child of:
    (A) A Vietnam veteran under Sec.  5.589;
    (B) A Vietnam veteran under Sec.  5.590; or
    (C) A veteran of covered service in Korea under 38 U.S.C. 1821, 
``Benefits for a child of certain Korea service veterans born with 
spina bifida''.
    (2) Claim received 1 year or less after the effective date of 
recognition. If VA receives the claim no later than 1 year after the 
effective date of recognition, then the effective date of the award is 
the later of:
    (i) The date entitlement arose, as defined in Sec.  5.150; or
    (ii) The effective date of recognition.
    (3) Claim received more than 1 year after the effective date of 
recognition. If VA receives the claim more than 1 year after the 
effective date of recognition, the effective date of the award or 
increase is the later of:

[[Page 71171]]

    (i) The date entitlement arose, as defined in Sec.  5.150; or
    (ii) One (1) year prior to the date of receipt of the claim.
    (4) Effective dates of awards based on a review on VA's initiative 
1 year or less after the effective date of recognition. If VA awards 
benefits no later than 1 year after the effective date of recognition, 
the effective date of the award is the later of:
    (i) The date entitlement arose, as defined in Sec.  5.150; or
    (ii) The effective date of recognition.
    (5) Effective dates of awards based on a review on VA's initiative 
more than 1 year after the effective date of the change. If VA awards 
benefits more than 1 year after the effective date of recognition, the 
effective date of the award is the later of:
    (i) The date entitlement arose, as defined in Sec.  5.150; or
    (ii) One (1) year before the date of the VA rating decision 
awarding the benefit, or if no rating decision is required, 1 year 
before the date VA otherwise determines that the claimant is entitled 
to the benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1832(b)(2), 5110(g); Sec. 401, Pub. L. 
95-202, 91 Stat. 1449-50)

Sec.  5.28  Other groups designated as having performed active military 
service.

    The following groups are considered to have performed active 
military service:
    (a) Alaska Territorial Guard during World War II. (1) Service in 
the Alaska Territorial Guard during World War II, for any person who 
the Secretary of Defense determines was honorably discharged, is 
included.
    (2) Benefits cannot be paid for this service for any period prior 
to August 9, 2000.
    (b) Army field clerks. Army field clerks are included as enlisted 
personnel.
    (c) Army Nurse Corps, Navy Nurse Corps, and female dietetic and 
physical therapy personnel. Army Nurse Corps, Navy Nurse Corps, and 
female dietetic and physical therapy personnel are included, as 
follows:
    (1) Nurse Corps. Female Army and Navy nurses on active service 
under order of the service department; or
    (2) Female dietetic and physical therapy personnel. Female dietetic 
and physical therapy personnel, excluding students and apprentices, 
appointed with relative rank after December 21, 1942, or commissioned 
after June 21, 1944.
    (d) Aviation camps. Students who were enlisted men in Aviation 
camps during World War I are included.
    (e) Coast Guard. Active service in the Coast Guard after January 
27, 1915, while under the jurisdiction of the Treasury Department, the 
Navy Department, the Department of Transportation, or the Department of 
Homeland Security is included. This does not include temporary members 
of the Coast Guard Reserves.
    (f) Contract surgeons. Contract surgeons are included for 
disability compensation and dependency and indemnity compensation, if 
the disability or death was the result of injury or disease contracted 
in the line of duty during a period of war while actually performing 
the duties of assistant surgeon or acting assistant surgeon with any 
military force in the field, or in transit, or in a hospital.
    (g) Field clerks, Quartermaster Corps. Field clerks of the 
Quartermaster Corps are included as enlisted personnel.
    (h) Lighthouse service personnel. Lighthouse service personnel who 
were transferred to the service and jurisdiction of the War or Navy 
Departments by Executive order under the Act of August 29, 1916, are 
included. Effective July 1, 1939, service was consolidated with the 
Coast Guard.
    (i) Male nurses. Male nurses who were enlisted in a Medical Corps 
are included.
    (j) Persons previously having a pensionable or compensable status. 
Persons having a pensionable or compensable status before January 1, 
1959, are included.
    (k) Insular Forces--(1) Philippine forces. Service in certain 
Philippine forces constitutes active military service for purposes of 
certain benefits as specified in Sec.  5.610.
    (2) Other insular forces. Service in the Insular Force of the Navy, 
Samoan Native Guard, or Samoan Native Band of the Navy constitutes 
active military service for purposes of entitlement to pension, 
disability compensation, dependency and indemnity compensation, and 
burial benefits at the full-dollar rate.
    (l) Revenue Cutter Service. The Revenue Cutter Service is included 
while serving under direction of the Secretary of the Navy in 
cooperation with the Navy. Effective January 28, 1915, the Revenue 
Cutter Service was merged into the Coast Guard.
    (m) Russian Railway Service Corps. Service during World War I in 
the Russian Railway Service Corps as certified by the Secretary of the 
Army is included.
    (n) Training camps. Members of training camps authorized by section 
54 of the National Defense Act (Pub. L. 64-85, 39 Stat. 166), are 
included, except for members of Student Army Training Corps Camps at 
the Presidio of San Francisco; Plattsburg, New York; Fort Sheridan, 
Illinois; Howard University, Washington, DC; Camp Perry, Ohio; and Camp 
Hancock, Georgia, from July 18, 1918 to September 16, 1918.
    (o) Women's Army Corps (WAC). Service in the WAC after June 30, 
1943, is included.
    (p) Women's Reserve of Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Service 
in the Women's Reserve of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard is 
included and provides the same benefits as members of the Officers 
Reserve Corps or enlisted men of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast 
Guard.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101, 106, 107, 501(a), 1152, 1504)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reserve''.


Sec.  5.29  Circumstances under which certain travel periods may be 
classified as military service.

    (a) Active duty--(1) Travel time to and from active duty. Travel to 
or from any period of active duty is active duty if the travel is 
authorized by the Secretary concerned.
    (2) Travel on discharge or release. Travel time consisting of the 
period between the date of discharge or release and arrival at the 
person's residence by the most direct route is active duty.
    (3) Persons ordered to service but who did not serve. For 
information about the travel of certain persons ordered to service who 
did not serve, see Sec.  5.26(b).
    (b) Active duty for training or inactive duty training--(1) Travel 
time for active duty for training or inactive duty training. Any person 
proceeding directly to, or returning directly from, a period of active 
duty for training or inactive duty training will be considered to be on 
active duty for training or inactive duty training if the person was:
    (i) Authorized or required by competent authority designated by the 
Secretary concerned to perform such duty; and
    (ii) Disabled or died from an injury, an acute myocardial 
infarction, a cardiac arrest, or a cerebrovascular accident incurred 
during that travel.
    (2) Determination of status. VA will determine whether such a 
person was authorized or required to perform such duty and whether the 
person was disabled or died from an injury, an acute myocardial 
infarction, a cardiac arrest, or a cerebrovascular accident incurred 
during that travel. In making these determinations, VA will take into 
consideration:

[[Page 71172]]

    (i) The hour at which the person began to proceed to or return from 
the duty;
    (ii) The hour at which the person was scheduled to arrive for, or 
at which the person ceased to perform, such duty;
    (iii) The method of travel employed;
    (iv) The itinerary;
    (v) The manner in which the travel was performed; and
    (vi) The immediate cause of disability or death.
    (3) Burden of proof. Whenever any claim is filed alleging that the 
claimant is entitled to benefits because of travel for active duty for 
training or inactive duty training, the burden of proof will be on the 
claimant.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(21) and (22), 106(c) and (d))

Sec.  5.30  How VA determines if service qualifies for benefits.

    (a) Purpose. Except for a servicemember who died in service, a 
requirement for veteran status is discharge or release under other than 
dishonorable conditions. See Sec.  5.1 (defining ``veteran''). This 
section sets out how VA determines whether the servicemember's 
discharge or release was under other than dishonorable conditions.
    (b) Limitation to period of service concerned--(1) General rule. A 
determination under this section that a servicemember was discharged or 
released under dishonorable conditions applies only to the period of 
service to which the discharge or release applies. It does not preclude 
veteran status with respect to other periods of service from which the 
servicemember was discharged or released under other than dishonorable 
conditions. See also Sec.  5.37 (concerning certain cases where a 
servicemember was not discharged or released at the end of the period 
of time for which he or she was obligated to serve when entering a 
period of service because of a change in his or her military status 
during that period of service).
    (2) Forfeiture not precluded. The provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section do not preclude forfeiture of benefits under 38 U.S.C. 
6103, ``Forfeiture for fraud''; under 38 U.S.C. 6104, ``Forfeiture for 
treason''; under 38 U.S.C. 6105, ``Forfeiture for subversive 
activities''; or under similar statutes governing forfeiture of 
benefits.
    (c) Discharges and releases VA recognizes as being under other than 
dishonorable conditions. For purposes of making determinations 
concerning character of discharge for VA purposes, a military discharge 
that is characterized by the service department as being either 
honorable or under honorable conditions is binding on VA. Subject to 
Sec.  5.36 any of the following is a discharge or release under other 
than dishonorable conditions for VA purposes:
    (1) An honorable discharge;
    (2) A general discharge under honorable conditions; or
    (3) An uncharacterized administrative entry level separation in the 
case of separation of enlisted personnel based on administrative 
proceedings begun after September 30, 1982.
    (d) Discharges VA recognizes as being under dishonorable 
conditions. For VA purposes, a dishonorable discharge is a discharge 
under dishonorable conditions, except as provided in Sec.  5.33.
    (e) Discharges and releases for which VA will make the character of 
discharge determination. Subject to Sec.  5.36, VA will determine 
whether the following types of discharges are discharges under other 
than dishonorable conditions for VA purposes, based on the facts and 
circumstances surrounding separation:
    (1) An other than honorable discharge (formerly an ``undesirable'' 
discharge);
    (2) A bad conduct discharge; or
    (3) In the case of separation of enlisted personnel based on 
administrative proceedings begun after September 30, 1982, 
uncharacterized administrative separations for:
    (i) A void enlistment or induction; or
    (ii) Dropped from the rolls (that is, administrative discontinuance 
of military status and pay).
    (f) Offenses or events leading to discharge or release being 
recognized as a discharge under dishonorable conditions. For purposes 
of VA's character of discharge determination under paragraph (e) of 
this section, a discharge or release because of one or more of the 
offenses or events specified in this paragraph (f) is a discharge or 
release under dishonorable conditions for VA purposes:
    (1) Acceptance of an other than honorable discharge (formerly an 
``undesirable'' discharge) to avoid trial by general court-martial.
    (2) Mutiny or spying.
    (3) Commission of one or more offenses involving moral turpitude. 
For purposes of this section, an offense involves ``moral turpitude'' 
if it is unlawful, it is willful, it is committed without justification 
or legal excuse, and it is an offense which a reasonable person would 
expect to cause harm or loss to person or property. This includes, 
generally, conviction of a felony.
    (4) Engaging in willful and persistent misconduct during military 
service. A discharge because of a minor offense will not be considered 
willful and persistent misconduct if service was otherwise honest, 
faithful, and meritorious. If the misconduct includes absences without 
leave, see also Sec.  5.32.
    (5) Sexual acts involving aggravating circumstances or other 
factors affecting the performance of duty. Examples of sexual acts 
involving aggravating circumstances or other factors affecting the 
performance of duty include child molestation, prostitution, sexual 
acts or conduct accompanied by assault or coercion, and sexual acts or 
conduct taking place between servicemembers of disparate rank, grade, 
or status when the servicemember has taken advantage of his or her 
superior rank, grade, or status.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(2), 501(a), 1301)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``willful 
misconduct''.

Bars to Benefits


Sec.  5.31  Statutory bars to benefits.

    (a) Purpose. By Federal statute, commission of certain acts leading 
to discharge or dismissal from the Armed Forces bars the grant of 
benefits (statutory bars). This section describes those acts and 
exceptions to the statutory bars.
    (b) Limitation to period of service concerned--(1) General rule. A 
determination under this section that veterans benefits are statutorily 
barred applies only to the period of service to which the relevant 
discharge or dismissal applies. It does not preclude the grant of 
benefits based upon other periods of service. See also Sec.  5.37 
(concerning certain cases in which a servicemember was not discharged 
or released at the end of a period of his or her service obligation 
because of a change in his or her military status during that period of 
service).
    (2) Forfeiture not precluded. The provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section do not preclude forfeiture of benefits under 38 U.S.C. 
6103, ``Forfeiture for fraud''; under 38 U.S.C. 6104, ``Forfeiture for 
treason''; under 38 U.S.C. 6105, ``Forfeiture for subversive 
activities''; or under similar statutes governing forfeiture of 
benefits.
    (c) Acts barring benefits. Benefits are not payable based upon a 
period of service from which the servicemember was discharged or 
dismissed from the Armed Forces under one or more of the following 
conditions:
    (1) Court-martial. By reason of the sentence of a general court-
martial. Substitution of an administrative form of discharge for a 
discharge or dismissal executed in accordance with the sentence of a 
court-martial under 10 U.S.C. 874(b) (granting the authority for

[[Page 71173]]

such substitutions) does not remove this bar to benefits.
    (2) Conscientious objector. As a conscientious objector who refused 
to perform military duty, wear the uniform, or comply with lawful 
orders of competent military authorities.
    (3) Deserter. As a deserter.
    (4) Absence without leave (AWOL). By reason of AWOL for a 
continuous period of at least 180 days. This bar is subject to Sec.  
5.32 and to paragraph (f) of this section (concerning limitations on 
the creation of overpayments). It applies to any person so discharged 
who was awarded a discharge under other than honorable conditions and 
who:
    (i) Was awarded an honorable or general discharge under one of the 
programs listed in Sec.  5.36(a) (concerning certain special 1970s-era 
discharge upgrades) prior to October 8, 1977; or
    (ii) Had not otherwise established basic eligibility to receive VA 
benefits prior to October 8, 1977. For purposes of this paragraph 
(c)(4)(ii), the term established basic eligibility to receive VA 
benefits means either a VA determination that the service department 
issued an other than honorable discharge under conditions other than 
dishonorable, or an upgraded honorable or general discharge issued 
prior to October 8, 1977, under criteria other than those prescribed by 
one of the programs listed in Sec.  5.36. However, if the service 
department discharged or released a person by reason of the sentence of 
a general court-martial, only a finding of insanity (see Sec.  5.33), 
or a decision of a board of correction of records established under 10 
U.S.C. 1552 (see Sec.  5.34) can establish basic eligibility to receive 
VA benefits.
    (5) Resignation. By reason of resignation by an officer for the 
good of the service.
    (6) Discharge due to alienage. At the request of a servicemember, 
by reason of discharge due to alienage during a period of hostilities. 
However, VA will not bar benefits in the absence of affirmative 
evidence establishing such a request.
    (d) Bars inapplicable to certain insurance. This section does not 
apply to war-risk insurance, Government (converted) insurance, or 
National Service Life Insurance policies.
    (e) Discontinuance of awards. Subject to the provisions of Sec.  
5.177, any award contrary to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section will be discontinued.
    (f) Limitation on creation of overpayments when veteran was 
separated for AWOL. Awards made after October 8, 1977, in cases in 
which the bar in paragraph (c)(4) of this section applies, will be 
discontinued effective the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5303; Pub. L. 95-126, 91 Stat. 1106, 
as amended by Pub. L. 102-40, 105 Stat. 239)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``alien'' and 
Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``insanity''.


Sec.  5.32  Consideration of compelling circumstances when veteran was 
separated for AWOL.

    (a) Compelling circumstances considered. Separation for absence 
without leave (AWOL) will not preclude veteran status under Sec.  5.30, 
and will not bar benefit entitlement under Sec.  5.31(c)(4) (concerning 
AWOL as a statutory bar to benefits) if VA determines that there were 
compelling circumstances to warrant unauthorized absence(s).
    (b) Factors considered. VA will evaluate all of the relevant 
evidence of record to determine whether there were compelling 
circumstances to warrant unauthorized absence(s), including, but not 
limited to, the following factors:
    (1) Length of absence without leave and character of service. VA 
will consider the length of the period(s) of AWOL in comparison to the 
length and character of service exclusive of the period(s) of AWOL. 
Service exclusive of the period(s) of AWOL should have been of such 
quality and length that it can be characterized as honest, faithful, 
meritorious, and of benefit to the nation.
    (2) Examples of circumstances VA will consider. Reasons offered for 
being AWOL that VA will consider include family emergencies, compelling 
family obligations, or similar types of compelling obligations or 
duties owed to third parties. In evaluating the reasons for being AWOL, 
VA will consider how the situation appeared to the servicemember in 
light of the servicemember's age, cultural background, educational 
level, and judgmental maturity. VA will also consider evidence showing 
that hardship or suffering during overseas service, combat wounds or 
other service-incurred or aggravated disability, adversely affected the 
servicemember's state of mind at the time AWOL began.
    (3) Valid legal defense. VA may find that compelling circumstances 
existed if the absence could not have been validly charged as, or lead 
to a conviction of, an offense under the Uniform Code of Military 
Justice.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5303(a))

Sec.  5.33  Insanity as a defense to acts leading to a discharge or 
dismissal from the service that might be disqualifying for benefits.

    If VA determines that a servicemember was insane at the time of the 
commission of an act, or acts, leading to separation from the service, 
the commission of such act(s) will not be a basis for denying status as 
a veteran under Sec.  5.30, or for barring the payment of benefits 
under Sec.  5.31.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5303(b))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``insanity''.

Military Discharges and Related Matters


Sec.  5.34  Effect of discharge upgrades by Armed Forces boards for the 
correction of military records (10 U.S.C. 1552) on eligibility for VA 
benefits.

    (a) Purpose. This section describes the effect of a discharge 
upgrade by a board established under 10 U.S.C. 1552, ``Correction of 
military records: claims incident thereto'' on a VA determination that 
a servicemember's discharge or dismissal was under dishonorable 
conditions or that the servicemember is statutorily barred from 
receiving VA benefits.
    (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section, any applicable new 
determination means a determination under Sec.  5.30 or Sec.  5.31. 
Applicable previous VA discharge findings means findings by VA, based 
upon a previous discharge issued for the same period of service, that a 
servicemember's discharge or dismissal was under dishonorable 
conditions or that the servicemember is statutorily barred from 
receiving benefits.
    (c) Effect of discharge upgrades. An honorable discharge, or 
discharge under honorable conditions, issued through a board for 
correction of military records is final and conclusive and is binding 
on VA as to characterization based on the period covered by such 
service. Such a discharge supersedes a previous discharge issued for 
the same period of service. It will be the basis for making any 
applicable new determination and sets aside any applicable previous VA 
discharge findings.
    (d) Effective date. If entitlement to benefits is established 
because of the change, modification, or correction of a discharge or 
dismissal by a board for the correction of military records, the award 
of such benefits will be effective from the latest of these dates:
    (1) The date of filing with the service department of the request 
for change, modification, or correction of the discharge or dismissal 
in the case of either an original claim filed with VA or

[[Page 71174]]

a previously denied claim filed with VA;
    (2) The date VA received a previously denied claim; or
    (3) One (1) year prior to the date of reopening of the previously 
denied VA claim.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1552(a)(4); 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(i))

Sec.  5.35  Effect of discharge upgrades by Armed Forces discharge 
review boards (10 U.S.C. 1553) on eligibility for VA benefits.

    (a) Purpose. This section describes the effect of a discharge 
upgrade by a board established under 10 U.S.C. 1553, ``Review of 
discharge or dismissal'' on a VA determination that a servicemember's 
discharge or dismissal was under dishonorable conditions or that the 
servicemember is statutorily barred from receiving VA benefits.
    (b) Upgrades issued before October 8, 1977. This paragraph (b) 
concerns the effect of an honorable or general discharge (upgraded 
discharge) issued by a discharge review board before October 8, 1977.
    (1) General rule. The upgraded discharge will be the basis for 
making any new determination under Sec.  5.30 or Sec.  5.31. The 
upgraded discharge will also set aside any VA finding that a 
servicemember's discharge or dismissal was under dishonorable 
conditions, or that he or she is statutorily barred from receiving 
benefits, if the upgraded discharge concerned the same period of 
service.
    (2) Exception. The rule in paragraph (b)(1) of this section does 
not apply if:
    (i) The previous discharge was executed by reason of the sentence 
of a general court-martial, or
    (ii) The discharge review board was acting under the authority of 
one of the programs specified in Sec.  5.36.
    (c) Upgrades issued after October 7, 1977--effect on statutory 
bars. VA will make any new determinations under Sec.  5.31 without 
regard to an honorable or general discharge (upgraded discharge) that a 
discharge review board issued after October 7, 1977. The upgraded 
discharge will not set aside any VA findings, based upon a previous 
discharge issued for the same period of service, that a servicemember 
is statutorily barred from receiving VA benefits.
    (d) Upgrades issued after October 7, 1977--effect on character of 
discharge determinations--(1) General rule. Any new determinations VA 
makes under Sec.  5.30 will be made without regard to an honorable or 
general discharge (upgraded discharge) issued by a discharge review 
board after October 7, 1977. The upgraded discharge will not set aside 
any VA findings, based upon a previous discharge issued for the same 
period of service, that a servicemember's discharge or dismissal was 
under dishonorable conditions.
    (2) Exceptions. The rule in paragraph (d)(1) of this section does 
not apply if all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The discharge was upgraded as a result of an individual case 
review;
    (ii) The discharge was upgraded under uniform published standards 
and procedures that generally apply to all persons administratively 
discharged or released from active military service under conditions 
other than honorable; and
    (iii) Such published standards are consistent with standards for 
determining honorable service historically used by the service 
department concerned and do not contain any provision for automatically 
granting or denying an upgraded discharge. VA will accept a report of 
the service department concerned that the discharge review board 
proceeding met these conditions.
    (e) Effective date. If entitlement to benefits is established 
because of the change, modification, or correction of a discharge or 
dismissal by a discharge review board, the award of such benefits will 
be effective from the latest of these dates:
    (1) The date of filing with the service department of the request 
for change, modification, or correction of the discharge or dismissal 
in the case of either an original claim filed with VA or a previously 
denied claim filed with VA;
    (2) The date VA received a previously denied claim; or
    (3) One (1) year before the date of reopening of the previously 
denied VA claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(i), 5303(e))

Sec.  5.36  Effect of certain special discharge upgrade programs on 
eligibility for VA benefits.

    (a) Programs involved. Except as provided in Sec.  5.35(d)(2), an 
honorable or general discharge awarded by a discharge review board 
under one of the following programs does not remove any bar to benefits 
imposed under Sec.  5.30 or Sec.  5.31:
    (1) The President's directive of January 19, 1977, implementing 
Presidential Proclamation 4313 of September 16, 1974;
    (2) The Department of Defense's special discharge review program 
effective April 5, 1977; or
    (3) Any discharge review program implemented after April 5, 1977, 
that does not apply to all persons administratively discharged or 
released from active military service under other than honorable 
conditions.
    (b) Discontinuance of awards. Subject to the provisions of Sec.  
5.177, any award of benefits made contrary to paragraph (a) of this 
section will be discontinued.
    (c) No overpayments to be created. No overpayments will be created 
as a result of payments made after October 8, 1977, based on an 
upgraded honorable or general discharge issued under one of the 
programs listed in paragraph (a) of this section which would not be 
awarded under the standards set forth in Sec.  5.35(d)(2). Such 
payments will be discontinued effective the first day of the month 
after the month for which VA last paid benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5303(e); Pub. L. 95-126, 91 Stat. 1106)

Sec.  5.37  Effect of extension of service obligation due to change in 
military status on eligibility for VA benefits.

    (a) Purpose. Except for persons who die in military service, status 
as a veteran requires that a servicemember be discharged or released 
from active military service under conditions other than dishonorable. 
See Sec.  5.1, defining ``veteran''. This section describes how VA will 
determine whether a servicemember has met this requirement when, 
because of a change in his or her military status, he or she was not 
discharged or released at the end of the period of time for which he or 
she was initially obligated to serve.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Change in military status. For purposes of 
this section, a change in military status means a change in status that 
extends the period that a servicemember is obligated to serve. Examples 
of such a change in military status include, but are not limited to:
    (i) A discharge for acceptance of an appointment as a commissioned 
officer or warrant officer;
    (ii) Change from a Reserve commission to a Regular commission;
    (iii) Change from a Regular commission to a Reserve commission;
    (iv) Reenlistment; or
    (v) Voluntary or involuntary extensions of a period of obligated 
service.
    (2) Combined periods of service. For purposes of this section, 
combined periods of service means the period of service immediately 
prior to the change in military status combined with the period of 
service immediately following the change in military status.
    (c) Combined periods of service ending under conditions other than 
dishonorable. If the combined periods of service ended with discharge 
or release

[[Page 71175]]

under conditions other than dishonorable, then VA will consider the 
entire period of service as other than dishonorable.
    (d) Combined periods of service ending under dishonorable 
conditions. When a servicemember's combined period of service ended 
under dishonorable conditions and he or she was not discharged or 
released at the end of the period that he or she was initially 
obligated to serve, he or she is eligible to receive VA benefits based 
on that period of service if that servicemember:
    (1) Completed active military service for the period he or she was 
initially obligated to serve; and
    (2) Due to an intervening change in military status was not 
discharged or released at the end of the initial period but would have 
been eligible for a discharge or release under conditions other than 
dishonorable at the end of the initial period if not for the 
intervening change in military status.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(18))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reserve''.


Sec.  5.38  Effect of a voided enlistment on eligibility for VA 
benefits.

    (a) Purpose. This section describes whether a claimant is eligible 
for VA benefits if the service department has voided the 
servicemember's enlistment.
    (b) Service considered valid for establishing eligibility for 
benefits. A servicemember's enlistment that is voided by the service 
department for reasons other than those stated in paragraph (c) of this 
section is valid from the date of entry upon active duty to the date of 
voidance by the service department. In the case of an enlistment voided 
for concealment of age or misrepresentation of age, service is valid 
from the date of entry upon active duty to the date of discharge.
    (c) Service considered not valid for establishing eligibility for 
benefits. A servicemember's enlistment that is voided by the service 
department for any of the reasons specified in this paragraph (c) is 
void from the date of entry. A servicemember is not eligible for VA 
benefits based on this period of service, if enlistment was voided for 
any of the following reasons:
    (1) Lack of legal capacity to contract, other than on the basis of 
minority, such as a lack of mental capacity to contract; or
    (2) A statutory prohibition to enlistment, including, but not 
limited to:
    (i) Desertion; or
    (ii) Conviction of a felony.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 501(a), 505; 38 U.S.C. 101(2), 501(a))

Minimum Service and Evidence of Service


Sec.  5.39  Minimum active duty service requirement for VA benefits.

    (a) Requirement. Any person listed in paragraph (b) of this section 
will not be eligible for VA benefits based on a particular period of 
active duty service unless that period of service met the requirement 
for a minimum period of active duty described in paragraph (c) of this 
section, or the person qualifies for an exclusion under paragraph (d) 
of this section.
    (b) Applicability. The minimum active duty service requirement 
applies to:
    (1) Any person who originally enlisted in a regular component of 
the Armed Forces and entered on active duty after September 7, 1980 
(time spent during temporary assignment to a reserve component awaiting 
entrance on active duty because of a delayed entry enlistment contract 
does not count; this section applies if the actual date of entry on 
active duty is after September 7, 1980); and
    (2) Any other person (enlisted or officer) who entered on active 
duty after October 16, 1981, who had not previously completed a 
continuous period of active duty of at least 24 months.
    (c) Minimum active duty service requirement. (1) Except for persons 
excluded in paragraph (d) of this section, a person must have served 
the shorter of:
    (i) Twenty-four (24) months of continuous active duty; or
    (ii) The full period of service for which the person was called or 
ordered to active duty.
    (2) If it appears that a person has not met the length of service 
requirement, VA will request service department records to determine if 
any of the exclusions described in paragraph (d) of this section apply.
    (d) Exclusions. The minimum active duty service requirement of this 
section does not apply to:
    (1) Any person who was discharged under an early out program 
described in 10 U.S.C. 1171.
    (2) Any person who was discharged because of a hardship as 
described in 10 U.S.C. 1173.
    (3) Any person who was discharged or released from active duty 
because of a disability incurred or aggravated in the line of duty:
    (i) That, at the time of discharge or release, was determined to be 
service connected without presumptive provisions of law; or
    (ii) That, at the time of discharge, was documented in official 
service records and, in VA's medical judgment, would have justified a 
discharge.
    (4) Any person who has any disability that is currently compensable 
under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11 because:
    (i) VA evaluates the disability as 10 percent or more disabling 
according to the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this 
chapter;
    (ii) Special monthly compensation is payable for the disability; or
    (iii) The disability, together with one or more other disabilities, 
is compensable under Sec.  5.282 for paired organs and extremities, of 
this chapter.
    (5) The provision of a benefit for or in connection with a service-
connected disability, condition, or death.
    (6) Insurance benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 19.
    (7) Any person who performed active military service under the 
provisions of Sec.  5.21(a)(4) or (5), VA recognizes as active military 
service.
    (e) Temporary breaks in service. Temporary breaks in active duty 
service for any of the reasons listed below will not be considered to 
have interrupted the ``continuous service'' requirement of paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) of this section; however, time lost due to these breaks must 
be subtracted from the total service time because these times do not 
count towards the minimum active duty service requirement:
    (1) Time lost due to an industrial, agricultural, or indefinite 
furlough;
    (2) Time lost while absent without leave and without pay;
    (3) Time lost while under arrest (without acquittal or a dismissal 
of charges);
    (4) Time lost while a deserter; or
    (5) Subject to 10 U.S.C. 875(a) (concerning the restoration under 
certain circumstances of ``all rights, privileges, and property 
affected by an executed part of a court-martial sentence which has been 
set aside or disapproved''), time lost while serving a court-martial 
sentence.
    (f) Effect on eligibility for benefits for survivors and 
dependents--(1) General rule. If a person is ineligible for VA benefits 
because he or she did not meet the minimum active duty service 
requirement, the person's dependents and survivors are ineligible for 
benefits based on that service.
    (2) Exceptions. Paragraph (f)(1) of this section does not bar 
entitlement to any of the following VA benefits to which a dependent or 
survivor may otherwise be entitled:
    (i) Insurance benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 19;
    (ii) Housing or small business loans under 38 U.S.C. chapter 37;

[[Page 71176]]

    (iii) Benefits described in paragraph (d)(5) of this section; or
    (iv) Dependency and indemnity compensation based on the person's 
death in service.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5303A)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reserve 
component''.


Sec.  5.40  Service records as evidence of service and character of 
discharge that qualify for VA benefits.

    (a) Acceptable evidence of service. To establish entitlement to 
pension, disability compensation, dependency and indemnity 
compensation, or burial benefits, VA must have evidence of qualifying 
service and character of discharge from the service department 
concerned. Documents VA will accept as evidence of service and 
character of discharge include, but are not limited to, the following 
documents:
    (1) A DD Form 214; or
    (2) A Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty.
    (b) Content of documents. The document establishing service must 
contain information which demonstrates:
    (1) The length of service;
    (2) The dates of service; and
    (3) The character of discharge or release.
    (c) When service department verification is not required. VA will 
accept one or more documents issued by a U.S. service department as 
evidence of service and character of discharge without verifying their 
authenticity, provided that VA determines that the document is genuine 
and accurate. The document can be a copy of an original document if the 
copy:
    (1) Was issued by a service department;
    (2) Is certified by a public custodian of records as a true and 
exact copy of a document in the custodian's possession; or
    (3) Is certified by an accredited agent, attorney, or service 
organization representative as a true and exact copy of either an 
original document or of a copy issued by the service department or a 
public custodian of records. This accredited agent, attorney, or 
service organization representative must have successfully completed 
VA-prescribed training on military records.
    (d) When service department verification is required. VA will 
request verification of service from the appropriate service department 
if:
    (1) The record does not include satisfactory evidence showing the 
information described in paragraph (b) of this section;
    (2) The evidence of record does not meet the requirements of 
paragraph (c) of this section; or
    (3) There is a material discrepancy in the evidence of record.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.41-5.49  [Reserved]

Subpart C--Adjudicative Process, General

VA Benefit Claims


Sec.  5.50  Applications VA furnishes.

    (a) VA will furnish an application upon request. Upon request, VA 
will furnish the appropriate application to a person claiming, or 
expressing intent to claim, benefits under the laws administered by VA.
    (b) VA will furnish an application to a survivor upon the death of 
a veteran. Upon the receipt of information of the death of a veteran, 
VA will furnish the appropriate application to any survivor with 
apparent entitlement to death pension or dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC). If the available evidence does not indicate that 
any person has apparent entitlement to death pension or DIC, but an 
accrued benefit is payable, VA will furnish the appropriate application 
to the preferred survivor. The letter accompanying the application will 
state that the claimant has 1 year after the date of the veteran's 
death to file a claim for accrued benefits, in accordance with Sec.  
5.552.
    (c) Claims under 38 U.S.C. 1151. A claimant may apply in any 
written form for disability or death benefits due to hospital 
treatment, medical or surgical treatment, examination, or training 
under the provisions of 38 U.S.C. 1151. VA does not have an application 
for such a claim. See Sec.  5.53 for the requirements for filing a 
claim pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 1151.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5101, 5102)

Sec.  5.51  Filing a claim for disability benefits.

    (a) Requirements for claims for disability benefits. A person must 
file a specific claim that is in the form prescribed by the Secretary 
for VA to grant a claim for disability benefits. If an individual has 
not attained the age of 18 years, is mentally incompetent, or is 
physically unable to sign a form, a form filed for the individual may 
be signed by a court-appointed representative, a person who is 
responsible for the care of the individual, including a spouse or other 
relative, or an attorney in fact or agent authorized to act on behalf 
of the individual under a durable power of attorney. If the individual 
is in the care of an institution, the manager or principal officer of 
the institution may sign the form. For purposes of this section, the 
term mentally incompetent means that the individual lacks the mental 
capacity to provide substantially accurate information needed to 
complete a form or to certify that the statements made on a form are 
true and complete.
    (b) Effect of claims for disability compensation or pension. VA may 
consider a claim for disability compensation as a claim for pension, 
and VA may consider a claim for pension as a claim for disability 
compensation. VA will award the greater benefit, unless the claimant 
specifically elects the lesser benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5101(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``claim''; 
5.54, ``Informal claims''.


Sec.  5.52  Filing a claim for death benefits.

    (a) Requirements for claims for death benefits. A person must file 
a specific claim for death benefits by completing and filing the 
application prescribed by the Secretary (or jointly with the 
Commissioner of Social Security, as prescribed by Sec.  5.131(a)), or 
on any document indicating an intent to apply for survivor benefits, 
for VA to grant death benefits. See Sec. Sec.  5.431 and 5.538.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5101(a))


    (b) Effects of claims for death benefits. A surviving spouse's or a 
child's claim:
    (1) For DIC is also a claim for death pension; and
    (2) For death pension is also a claim for DIC.


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5101(b)(1))


    (c) Claims for death benefits filed by or for a child--(1) Child 
turns 18 years old. If a child's entitlement to DIC arises because the 
child turns 18 years old, the child must file a claim for DIC unless 
the child is included on the surviving spouse's DIC award. VA will 
consider a child included on the surviving spouse's DIC award to have 
filed a DIC claim on his or her 18th birthday. See Sec.  5.696.
    (2) Discontinuance of a surviving spouse's right to DIC or to death 
pension. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 
if VA discontinues an award of DIC or death pension to a surviving 
spouse, a child may file a claim in his or her own right. If VA 
discontinues an award to a surviving spouse because he or she remarries 
or dies, VA will consider any child included on the surviving spouse's 
award to have filed a claim for such benefit in his or her own right on

[[Page 71177]]

the date VA discontinued the award to the surviving spouse.
    (3) If a surviving spouse is not entitled to DIC or death pension. 
If VA denies a surviving spouse's claim for DIC or death pension, VA 
will consider the claim to be a claim for a child in the surviving 
spouse's custody, if the child was named as a dependent in the 
surviving spouse's application. If VA grants death benefits to the 
child, the award will be effective as though the child had filed the 
surviving spouse's denied claim. See Sec. Sec.  5.431 and 5.538.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(e))

Sec.  5.53  Claims for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151 for disability or 
death due to VA treatment or vocational rehabilitation.

    VA will consider any communication in writing indicating an intent 
to file a claim for disability compensation or dependency and indemnity 
compensation for disability or death due to VA hospital care, medical 
or surgical treatment, examination, training and rehabilitation 
services, or compensated work therapy program to be a claim for 
benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151 and Sec.  5.350.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1151)


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.350-5.353.


Sec.  5.54  Informal claims.

    (a) Definition. Informal claim means any written communication VA 
receives that seeks an identified benefit and that is not on an 
application.
    (b) Who may file an informal claim. An informal claim may be filed 
by:
    (1) The claimant;
    (2) The claimant's accredited or authorized representative, if 
appointed before VA received the informal claim (see Sec. Sec.  14.630 
and 14.631 of this chapter for criteria for authorization of 
representatives);
    (3) A Member of Congress; or
    (4) A person acting as next friend of the claimant if the claimant 
does not have the capacity to manage his or her affairs.
    (c) Effect of filing informal claim--(1) No application filed 
previously. If the claimant has not previously filed an application for 
the benefit sought, VA will furnish an appropriate application to a 
person who files an informal claim. If the claimant files the completed 
application no later than 1 year after VA provided it, VA will treat it 
as if filed on the date VA received the informal claim. VA will take no 
action on the informal claim until the claimant files the completed 
application. If VA does not require an application for the benefit 
sought, VA may accept the informal claim as sufficient without regard 
to the procedures in this paragraph (c). See, for example, Sec.  5.53.
    (2) Application filed previously--(i) Disability benefits. If a 
claimant previously filed an application for disability benefits that 
met the requirements of Sec.  5.51, VA will accept an informal claim to 
increase or to reopen a claim for disability benefits without requiring 
another application, except as provided in Sec.  5.56.
    (ii) Death benefits. If a claimant previously filed an application 
for death benefits that met the requirements of Sec.  5.52, VA will 
accept an informal claim to increase or to reopen a claim for death 
benefits without requiring any other application, except as provided in 
Sec.  5.588.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5102(a))

Sec.  5.55  Claims based on new and material evidence.

    (a) Reopening a claim. A claimant may reopen a claim if VA has made 
a final decision denying the claim. See Sec.  5.1 for the definition of 
``final decision''.
    (b) New and material evidence. To reopen a claim, the claimant must 
present or VA must secure new and material evidence. If VA receives a 
claim to reopen, it will determine whether evidence presented or 
secured to reopen the claim is new and material.
    (c) Merits of a claim. If the claimant has presented or VA has 
secured new and material evidence, VA will reopen and decide the claim 
on its merits.
    (d) Definitions. New and material evidence meets the following 
criteria:
    (1) New evidence is:
    (i) Evidence the claimant presented or VA secured since VA last 
made a final decision denying the claim the claimant seeks to reopen; 
and
    (ii) Not cumulative or redundant of evidence of record at that 
time.
    (2) For purposes of paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section, evidence 
that was submitted with, but not considered by, the Board of Veterans' 
Appeals (the Board) under the circumstances described in Sec.  
20.1304(b)(1) of this chapter will be treated as evidence received 
after VA last made a final decision on the claim.
    (3) Material evidence is evidence that, by itself or when 
considered with evidence of record when VA made the final decision,
    (i) Relates to an unestablished fact necessary to substantiate the 
claim; and
    (ii) Raises a reasonable possibility of substantiating the claim.
    (e) Effective date. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, 
if VA reopens a claim based on new and material evidence and grants the 
benefit sought, the award is effective on the date entitlement arose or 
the date that VA received the claim to reopen, whichever is later.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5103A(f), 5108, 5110(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  20.1304(b)(1)(i) of this chapter for the 
rule on effective date assigned when evidence is submitted to the Board 
during a pending appeal.


Sec.  5.56  Report of examination, treatment, or hospitalization as a 
claim.

    (a) Scope. This section describes situations in which VA will 
accept certain medical evidence as a claim for benefits that meets the 
requirement that a claimant file a claim.
    (b) Claims excluded. VA's receipt of a report of examination, 
treatment, or hospitalization is a claim under this section only under 
the circumstances described in paragraph (c) of this section. VA will 
not accept a report of examination, treatment, or hospitalization as a 
claim for service connection.
    (c) Claims included. For purposes of this section, VA's receipt of 
evidence as described in paragraph (d) of this section is a claim under 
any of the following circumstances:
    (1) Veteran previously granted service connection. If VA previously 
granted service connection in a final decision, even if a 0 percent 
rating was assigned, VA's receipt of evidence will be considered a 
claim for increased compensation if the evidence relates to the 
service-connected condition(s).
    (2) VA previously granted pension. If VA previously granted a claim 
for pension, VA's receipt of evidence will be considered a claim for 
increased pension.
    (3) VA previously granted a claim for service connection but the 
veteran elected retired pay, or VA denied a claim for pension because 
the veteran was receiving retired pay. If VA previously granted service 
connection but the veteran elected retired pay, or VA previously denied 
a claim for pension because of the veteran's receipt of retired pay, 
VA's receipt of evidence will be considered a claim for pension or 
compensation.
    (4) VA previously denied a claim for pension because the veteran 
was not permanently and totally disabled. If VA previously denied a 
claim for pension in a final decision because the veteran was not 
permanently and totally disabled, VA's receipt of evidence will be 
considered a claim for pension.
    (d) Evidence--(1) Report of examination, treatment, or 
hospitalization at a VA or uniformed

[[Page 71178]]

services facility, or at any other facility at VA expense.
    (i) General rule. VA will consider an examination, treatment, or 
hospitalization report at a VA or uniformed services medical facility, 
or at any other medical facility where the veteran was maintained at VA 
expense, to be a claim under the circumstances described in paragraph 
(c) of this section.
    (ii) Date of claim. The date of receipt of a claim under paragraph 
(c) of this section is:
    (A) The date of a veteran's examination, treatment, or 
hospitalization at a VA or uniformed services medical facility;
    (B) The date of pre-authorized admission to a non-VA hospital at VA 
expense;
    (C) The date of a uniformed service examination that is the basis 
for granting severance pay to a former member of the Armed Forces on 
the temporary disability retired list; or
    (D) The date VA received notice of admission to a non-VA hospital, 
if VA authorized the admission at VA expense after the date of 
admission.
    (2) Evidence from a private physician or lay person--(i) General 
rule. VA will consider evidence from a private physician or lay person 
to be a claim under paragraph (c) of this section if the evidence is 
within the competence of the physician or lay person and it shows a 
reasonable probability of entitlement to benefits.
    (ii) Date of claim. The date VA receives the evidence from a 
private physician or lay person will be the date of the claim.
    (3) Evidence from State and other institutions--(i) General rule. 
VA will consider examination reports, clinical records, or transcripts 
of records from State, county, municipal, or recognized private 
institutions, or other Government hospitals to be a claim for benefits 
under paragraph (c) of this section, except those described in 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section. An appropriate official of the 
institution must authenticate these records. VA will grant benefits if 
the records are adequate for rating purposes and demonstrate 
entitlement to an increased rating, to pension, or to special monthly 
pension; otherwise findings must be verified by VA examination. The VA 
Under Secretary for Health or his or her physician designee must 
certify reports received from private institutions not listed by the 
American Hospital Association.
    (ii) Date of claim. If filed by or for the veteran, the date VA 
receives such evidence will be the date of the claim.
    (e) Liberalizing law or VA issue. The provisions of Sec.  5.152 
apply to claims accepted under this section in the same manner as they 
apply to other formal and informal claims.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.57  Claims definitions.

    The following definitions apply to claims for disability benefits, 
death benefits, and monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18.
    (a) Informal claim. See Sec.  5.54.
    (b) Original claim means the first claim VA receives from a person 
for disability benefits, for death benefits, or for monetary allowance 
under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18. See Sec. Sec.  5.51, 5.52, 5.589, and 
5.590.
    (c) Pending claim means a claim in which VA has not made a final 
decision. See Sec.  5.1 for the definition of ``final decision.''
    (d) Claim for increase means any claim for an increase in the rate 
of a benefit VA is paying under a current award, or for resumption of 
payments previously discontinued.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.58-5.79  [Reserved]

Rights of Claimants and Beneficiaries


Sec.  5.80  Right to representation.

    Subject to the provisions of Sec. Sec.  14.626 through 14.637 of 
this chapter, a claimant or beneficiary is entitled to the 
representation of his or her choice at every stage in the claims 
process. When VA initially contacts a claimant or beneficiary by mail, 
VA will also include written notice of his or her right to 
representation.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5901-5904)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  19.25 of this chapter, ``Notification by 
agency of original jurisdiction of right to appeal,'' which includes 
notification of the right to representation.


Sec.  5.81  Submission of information, evidence, or argument.

    VA will include in the evidence of record any document, testimony, 
argument, or other information in any form that a claimant provides VA 
in support of a claim or of an issue raised in the claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5107(b))

Sec.  5.82  Right to a hearing.

    (a) General. This section pertains only to hearings in matters 
under the jurisdiction of a VA agency of original jurisdiction. See 
Sec. Sec.  20.700 and 20.1304 of this chapter for the provisions 
concerning a claimant's or beneficiary's right to a hearing with the 
Board of Veterans' Appeals. See Sec.  14.633 of this chapter for the 
provisions concerning an accredited representative's right to request a 
hearing.
    (1) The one-hearing rule. Except as provided in paragraph (f) of 
this section, upon request, a claimant or beneficiary is entitled to 
one hearing before the agency of original jurisdiction at any time on 
any issue or issues involved in a pending matter. When VA sends written 
notice of a decision to a claimant or of a proposed reduction, 
discontinuance, or other adverse action under Sec.  5.83 to a 
beneficiary, VA will also include notice of the right to a hearing. 
Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, a claimant or 
beneficiary who had a hearing before the Board of Veterans' Appeals 
(Board) reviewed the matter is not entitled to an additional hearing 
after that matter is remanded by the Board to the agency of original 
jurisdiction.
    (2) Exception to the one-hearing rule. A claimant or beneficiary 
will be provided one additional hearing at the agency of original 
jurisdiction on any issue involved in a matter when the claimant or 
beneficiary asserts all of the following:
    (i) He or she has discovered a new witness or new evidence to 
substantiate the claim;
    (ii) He or she can present that witness or evidence only at an oral 
hearing; and
    (iii) The witness or evidence could not have been presented at the 
original hearing.
    (b) Purpose of hearings. The purpose of a hearing under this 
section is to provide the claimant or beneficiary with an opportunity 
to introduce into the record, in person, any available evidence or 
arguments that he or she considers important to the matter.
    (c) Where VA will conduct hearings. VA will conduct the hearing in 
the VA office that has jurisdiction over the matter or in the VA office 
with adjudicative functions nearest the claimant's or beneficiary's 
residence. Subject to available resources and solely at the option of 
VA, VA may hold the hearing at any other VA facility or federal 
building with suitable facilities.
    (d) VA responsibilities in conjunction with hearings. (1) VA will 
provide advance written notice to a claimant or beneficiary of the time 
and place of the hearing at least 10 days before the scheduled hearing 
date. The claimant or beneficiary may waive the 10-day advance notice 
requirement. If the hearing arises in the context of a proposed 
reduction, discontinuance, other adverse action, or in an appeal, a VA 
employee or employees having

[[Page 71179]]

decision-making authority and who did not previously participate in the 
case will conduct the hearing. The employee or employees will establish 
a record of the hearing and will issue a decision after the hearing.
    (2) The VA employee or employees conducting the hearing will 
explain fully the issues and suggest the submission of evidence the 
claimant or beneficiary may have overlooked that would tend to prove 
the matter. To ensure clarity and completeness of the hearing record, 
questions directed to the claimant or beneficiary, or to witnesses, 
will be framed to explore fully the basis for entitlement rather than 
with intent to refute evidence or to discredit testimony. The employee, 
or employees, conducting the hearing will ensure that all testimony is 
given under oath or affirmation.
    (3) If a hearing is conducted, VA will make a decision based upon 
evidence and testimony presented during the hearing in addition to all 
other evidence of record.
    (e) Claimant's and beneficiary's rights and responsibilities in 
conjunction with hearings. (1) The claimant or beneficiary is entitled 
to have witnesses testify. The claimant or beneficiary, and witnesses, 
must appear at the hearing, in person or by videoconferencing. 
Normally, VA will not schedule a hearing for the sole purpose of 
receiving argument from a representative, but VA may grant a request 
for such a hearing if good cause is shown.
    (2) All expenses incurred by the claimant or beneficiary in 
conjunction with the hearing are the responsibility of the claimant or 
beneficiary.
    (3) If a claimant or beneficiary is unable to attend a scheduled 
hearing, he or she may contact VA in advance to reschedule the hearing 
for a date and time which is acceptable to both parties.
    (4) If a claimant or beneficiary fails to report for a scheduled 
hearing
    (i) Without good cause, VA will decide the claim based on the 
evidence of record without a hearing.
    (ii) With good cause, VA will reschedule the hearing after the 
claimant or beneficiary informs VA that the cause of the failure to 
report has resolved and requests that VA reschedule the hearing. 
Examples of good cause include, but are not limited to, illness or 
hospitalization of the claimant or beneficiary, or death of an 
immediate family member.
    (f) Additional requirements for hearings before proposed adverse 
actions. Except as otherwise provided in Sec.  5.83(c), VA will provide 
written notice of the right to a hearing before VA reduces, 
discontinues, or otherwise adversely affects benefits. VA will conduct 
a hearing before the adverse action only if VA receives a request for 
one no later than 30 days after the date of the notice of the proposed 
action.
    (1) If the beneficiary does not timely request a hearing, or fails 
without good cause to report for a scheduled hearing, VA will make the 
decision on the proposed action based on the evidence of record.
    (2) If VA receives a request for a hearing no later than 30 days 
after the date of the notice of the proposed action, VA will send the 
beneficiary written notice of the time and place for the hearing.
    (3) VA will send the written notice of the time and place of the 
hearing at least 10 days before the scheduled hearing date. The 
beneficiary may waive the 10-day advance notice requirement.
    (4) If a beneficiary timely requests a hearing, VA will not make 
the decision reducing, discontinuing, or otherwise adversely affecting 
benefits before the scheduled date of the hearing.
    (5) If a hearing is conducted, VA will make the decision based upon 
evidence and testimony presented during the hearing in addition to all 
other evidence of record.
    Cross Reference: See Sec. Sec.  5.162, 5.163, 5.175, 5.83(a), and 
5.177 for the procedures VA follows when revising decisions and the 
effective date of these decisions.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a)(1))

Sec.  5.83  Right to notice of decisions and proposed adverse actions.

    (a) VA will send an advance notice of a proposed adverse action. 
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, VA will send 
written notice of a proposed adverse action to a beneficiary at least 
60 days before it reduces or discontinues benefits, severs service 
connection, or otherwise adversely affects the beneficiary's receipt of 
benefits. The notice will include:
    (i) Detailed reasons for the proposed adverse action and a 
statement of the material facts;
    (ii) The right to a hearing on the proposed adverse action as 
provided in Sec.  5.82(f); and
    (iii) Notification that the beneficiary has 60 days to submit 
evidence or argument to show why VA should not take the proposed 
adverse action.
    (2) If VA receives no additional evidence or argument within the 
60-day period, or the evidence or argument received does not 
demonstrate that the proposed adverse action should not be taken, then 
VA will take the action and provide notice to the beneficiary in 
accordance with paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) VA will send a notice of a decision. VA will send to a claimant 
or beneficiary written notice of any decision that affects the payment 
of benefits or the granting of relief to that claimant or beneficiary. 
The notice will explain:
    (1) If a claim is not fully granted, the reason for the decision 
and a summary of the evidence considered;
    (2) The effective date of the decision;
    (3) The right to a hearing on any issue involved in the claim, in 
accordance with Sec.  5.82;
    (4) The right to representation in accordance with Sec.  5.80; and
    (5) The right to appeal, including how and when to exercise this 
right to appeal. (Appellate procedures are found in part 20 of this 
chapter.)
    Cross Reference: See Sec. Sec.  5.162, 5.163, 5.175, 5.83(a), and 
5.177 for procedures applicable to the type of action VA is taking.
    (c) When VA will send a contemporaneous notice of reduction, 
discontinuance, or other adverse action. VA will send a written notice 
to a beneficiary at the same time it reduces, discontinues, or 
otherwise takes an adverse action under any of the circumstances 
described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section.
    (1)(i) The adverse action results solely from information or 
statements, provided orally or in writing to VA by the beneficiary or 
the fiduciary, as to income, net worth, dependency, or marital status;
    (ii) The information or statements are factual and unambiguous; and
    (iii) The beneficiary or fiduciary has knowledge or notice that 
such information or statements may be used to calculate benefit 
amounts. See Sec.  5.130 for procedures governing the submission by a 
beneficiary or by his or her fiduciary of oral or written information 
or statements.
    (2) The adverse action results from the beneficiary's or 
fiduciary's failure to return an eligibility verification report as 
required by Sec.  5.708.
    (3) VA receives credible evidence indicating that a beneficiary has 
died. However, VA is not required to send a notice of discontinuance of 
benefits (contemporaneous or otherwise) if VA receives:
    (i) A death certificate;
    (ii) A terminal hospital report verifying the death of a 
beneficiary;
    (iii) A claim for VA burial benefits;
    (iv) An ``Application for United States Flag for Burial Purposes''; 
or
    (v) A ``Record of Interment'' from the National Cemetery 
Administration.

[[Page 71180]]

    (4) The adverse action results from a beneficiary's written and 
signed statement renouncing benefits (see Sec.  5.683 on renouncement).
    (5) The adverse action results from a veteran's written and signed 
statement that he or she has returned to active military service. The 
statement must include each of the following:
    (i) The branch of service;
    (ii) The date of reentry into service;
    (iii) The veteran's acknowledgement that receipt of active military 
service pay precludes receipt for the same period of VA disability 
compensation or pension. See Sec.  5.746 regarding active service pay.
    (6) The adverse action results from a garnishment order issued 
under 42 U.S.C. 659(a), allowing the U.S. to consent to garnishment or 
withholding of pay for members of the Armed Forces and, in certain 
circumstances, disability compensation, to enforce child support and 
alimony obligations. See 42 U.S.C. 659(h)(1)(A)(ii)(V) for the limited 
circumstance of garnishing certain disability pay.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5104)

Sec.  5.84  Restoration of benefits following adverse action.

    (a) (1) If VA reduces or discontinues benefits, or takes other 
action adverse to a beneficiary, based upon written information or an 
oral statement provided by the beneficiary or fiduciary, VA will 
retroactively restore such benefits if the beneficiary or fiduciary 
asserts, no later than 30 days after the date of the VA notice of 
adverse action, either of the following:
    (i) The written information or oral statement is inaccurate.
    (ii) The written information or oral statement was not provided by 
the beneficiary or his or her fiduciary.
    (2) This paragraph (a) does not limit the right of a beneficiary to 
have benefits retroactively restored based on evidence submitted within 
the 1-year appeal period under Sec.  5.153.
    (b) Restoration of benefits under this section does not preclude VA 
from later taking action that adversely affects the beneficiary's 
receipt of benefits based on the written information or oral statements 
referred to in paragraph (a) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5103(b)(3), 5104)

Sec. Sec.  5.85-5.89  [Reserved]

Duties of VA


Sec.  5.90  VA assistance in developing claims.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following 
definitions apply:
    (1) Substantially complete application means an application 
containing the following:
    (i) The claimant's name; his or her relationship to the veteran, if 
applicable;
    (ii) Sufficient service information for VA to verify the claimed 
service, if applicable;
    (iii) The benefit claimed and any medical condition(s) on which it 
is based;
    (iv) The claimant's signature; and
    (v) In claims for nonservice-connected disability or death pension 
and parents' dependency and indemnity compensation, a statement of 
income.
    (2) For purposes of paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section, event 
means one or more incidents associated with places, types, and 
circumstances of service giving rise to a disability or disabilities.
    (3) Information means non-evidentiary facts, including, but not 
limited to the following:
    (i) The claimant's Social Security number or address;
    (ii) The name and military unit of a person who served with the 
veteran; or
    (iii) The name and address of a medical care provider who may have 
evidence pertinent to the claim.
    (b) VA's duty to send notice to claimants of necessary information 
or evidence. (1)(i) When VA receives an application for benefits, it 
will send the claimant written notice of any information and medical or 
lay evidence that is necessary to substantiate the claim. In the 
notice, VA will inform the claimant which information and evidence, if 
any, that the claimant is to provide to VA and which information and 
evidence, if any, that VA will attempt to obtain on behalf of the 
claimant. The claimant must provide the information and evidence 
requested by VA no later than 1 year after the date of the notice. If 
VA has not received the information and evidence by 30 days after the 
notice, then VA may decide the claim prior to the expiration of the 1-
year period. VA will decide the claim based on all the information and 
evidence contained in the file, including information and evidence it 
has obtained on behalf of the claimant and any VA medical examinations 
or medical opinions. If VA does so, and the claimant subsequently 
provides the information and evidence no later than 1 year after the 
date of the notice, then VA must readjudicate the claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103)


    (ii) The provisions of this paragraph (b) apply to all applications 
for benefits under part 5 of this chapter unless VA awards the claimant 
the maximum benefit without providing notice of any information and 
evidence that is necessary to substantiate the claim. (For purposes of 
this section, the term ``maximum benefit'' means the highest evaluation 
assignable in accordance with the evidence of record, as long as such 
evidence is adequate for rating purposes and sufficient to grant the 
earliest possible effective date in accordance with 38 U.S.C. 5110.) If 
substantiating evidence is required with respect to the veracity of a 
witness or the authenticity of documentary evidence timely filed, there 
will be allowed for the submission of such evidence 1 year after the 
date of the request therefor. However, any evidence to enlarge the 
proofs and evidence originally submitted is not considered 
substantiating evidence.
    (2) If VA receives an incomplete application for benefits, it will 
send written notice to the claimant of the information necessary to 
complete the application and will defer assistance to substantiate the 
claim until the claimant submits this information.
    (3) If the information VA requests under paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of 
this section, or the evidence requested under paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section, is not received by 1 year after the date of the notice, 
pension, compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation may not 
be paid by reason of that application. If a claimant submits 
information or evidence concerning his or her mailing address, that is 
not considered information or evidence under this paragraph (b).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5102(b), 5103(a), 5103A(3))


    (4) No duty to provide the notice described in paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section arises:
    (i) Upon receipt of a Notice of Disagreement; or
    (ii) When, as a matter of law, entitlement to the benefit claimed 
cannot be established.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103(a), 5103A(a)(2))


    (c) VA's duty to assist a claimant in obtaining evidence. Upon 
receipt of a substantially complete application for benefits, VA will 
make reasonable efforts to help a claimant obtain evidence necessary to 
substantiate the claim. In addition, VA will give the assistance 
described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section to an 
individual attempting to reopen a finally decided claim. VA will not 
pay any fees charged by a custodian to provide records requested.
    (1) Obtaining records not in the custody of a Federal department or 
agency. VA will make reasonable efforts

[[Page 71181]]

to obtain relevant records not in the custody of a Federal department 
or agency, to include records from State or local governments, private 
medical care providers, current or former employers, and other non-
Federal governmental sources. Such reasonable efforts will generally 
consist of an initial request for the records and, if the records are 
not received, at least one follow-up request. A follow-up request is 
not required if a response to the initial request indicates that the 
records sought do not exist or that a follow-up request for the records 
would be futile. If VA receives information showing that subsequent 
requests to this or another custodian could result in obtaining the 
records sought, then reasonable efforts will include an initial request 
and, if the records are not received, at least one follow-up request to 
the new source or an additional request to the original source.
    (i) The claimant must cooperate fully with VA's reasonable efforts 
to obtain relevant records from non-Federal agency or department 
custodians. The claimant must provide enough information to identify 
and locate the existing records, including the person, company, agency, 
or other custodian holding the records; the approximate time frame 
covered by the records; and, in the case of medical treatment records, 
the condition for which treatment was provided.
    (ii) If necessary, the claimant must authorize the release of 
existing records in a form acceptable to the person, company, agency, 
or other custodian holding the records.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103A(b))


    (2) Obtaining records in the custody of a Federal department or 
agency. VA will make as many requests as are necessary to obtain 
relevant records from a Federal department or agency. These records 
include but are not limited to military records, including service 
treatment records; medical and other records from VA medical 
facilities; records from non-VA facilities providing examination or 
treatment at VA expense; and records from other Federal agencies, such 
as the Social Security Administration. VA will end its efforts to 
obtain records from a Federal department or agency only if VA concludes 
that the records sought do not exist or that further efforts to obtain 
those records would be futile. Cases in which VA may conclude that no 
further efforts are required include those in which the Federal 
department or agency advises VA that the requested records do not exist 
or the custodian does not have them.
    (i) The claimant must cooperate fully with VA's reasonable efforts 
to obtain relevant records from Federal agency or department 
custodians. If requested by VA, the claimant must provide enough 
information to identify and locate the existing records, including the 
custodian or agency holding the records; the approximate time frame 
covered by the records; and, in the case of medical treatment records, 
the condition for which treatment was provided. In the case of records 
requested to corroborate a claimed stressful event in service, the 
claimant must provide information sufficient for the records custodian 
to conduct a search of the corroborative records.
    (ii) If necessary, the claimant must authorize the release of 
existing records in a form acceptable to the custodian or agency 
holding the records.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103A(b))


    (3) Obtaining records in disability compensation claims. In a claim 
for disability compensation, VA will make efforts to obtain the 
claimant's service treatment records, if relevant to the claim; other 
relevant records pertaining to the claimant's active military, naval or 
air service that are held or maintained by a governmental entity; VA 
medical records or records of examination or treatment at non-VA 
facilities authorized by VA; and any other relevant records held by any 
Federal department or agency. The claimant must provide enough 
information to identify and locate the existing records including the 
custodian or agency holding the records; the approximate time frame 
covered by the records; and, in the case of medical treatment records, 
the condition for which treatment was provided.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103A(c))


    (4) Providing medical examinations or obtaining medical opinions. 
(i) In a claim for disability compensation, VA will provide a medical 
examination or obtain a medical opinion based upon a review of the 
evidence of record if VA determines it is necessary to decide the 
claim. A medical examination or medical opinion is necessary if the 
information and evidence of record does not contain sufficient 
competent medical evidence to decide the claim, but:
    (A) Contains competent lay or medical evidence of a current 
diagnosed disability or persistent or recurrent symptoms of disability;
    (B) Establishes that the veteran suffered an event, injury or 
disease in service, or has a disease or symptoms of a disease listed in 
Sec. Sec.  5.261 through 5.268 manifesting during an applicable 
presumptive period provided the claimant has the required service or 
triggering event to qualify for that presumption; and
    (C) Indicates that the claimed disability or symptoms may be 
associated with the established event, injury, or disease in service or 
with another service-connected disability.
    (ii) Paragraph (c)(4)(i)(C) of this section could be satisfied by 
competent evidence showing post-service treatment for a condition, or 
other possible association with military service.
    (iii) This paragraph (c)(4) applies to a claim to reopen a finally 
adjudicated claim only if new and material evidence is presented or 
secured.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103A(d))


    (d) Circumstances where VA will refrain from or discontinue 
providing assistance. VA will refrain from providing assistance in 
obtaining evidence for a claim if the substantially complete 
application for benefits indicates that there is no reasonable 
possibility that any assistance VA would provide to the claimant would 
substantiate the claim. VA will discontinue providing assistance in 
obtaining evidence for a claim if the evidence obtained indicates that 
there is no reasonable possibility that further assistance would 
substantiate the claim. Circumstances in which VA will refrain from or 
discontinue providing assistance in obtaining evidence include, but are 
not limited to:
    (1) The claimant's ineligibility for the benefit sought because of 
lack of qualifying service, lack of veteran status, or other lack of 
legal eligibility;
    (2) Claims that are inherently incredible or clearly lack merit; 
and
    (3) An application requesting a benefit to which the claimant is 
not entitled as a matter of law.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103A(a)(2))


    (e) Duty to inform claimant of inability to obtain records. (1) If 
VA makes reasonable efforts to obtain relevant non-Federal records but 
is unable to obtain them, or after continued efforts to obtain Federal 
records concludes that it is reasonably certain they do not exist or 
further efforts to obtain them would be futile, VA will provide the 
claimant with notice of that fact. VA will make a record of any oral 
notice conveyed to the claimant. For non-Federal records requests, VA 
may provide the notice at the same time it makes its final attempt to 
obtain the relevant records. In either case, the notice must contain 
the following information:

[[Page 71182]]

    (i) The identity of the records VA was unable to obtain;
    (ii) An explanation of the efforts VA made to obtain the records;
    (iii) A description of any further action VA will take regarding 
the claim, including, but not limited to, notice that VA will decide 
the claim based on the evidence of record unless the claimant submits 
the records VA was unable to obtain; and
    (iv) A notice that the claimant is ultimately responsible for 
providing the evidence.
    (2) If VA becomes aware of the existence of relevant records before 
deciding the claim, VA will send notice to the claimant of the records 
and request that the claimant provide a release for the records. If the 
claimant does not provide any necessary release of the relevant records 
that VA is unable to obtain, VA will request that the claimant obtain 
the records and provide them to VA.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103A(b)(2))


    (f) Notice. For purpose of the notice requirements in paragraphs 
(b) and (e) of this section, notice to the claimant means notice to the 
claimant or his or her fiduciary, if any, as well as to his or her 
representative, if any.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5102(b), 5103(a))


    (g) Secretary's Discretion. The authority recognized in subsection 
(g) of 38 U.S.C. 5103A is reserved to the sole discretion of the 
Secretary and will be implemented, when deemed appropriate by the 
Secretary, through the promulgation of regulations.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103A(g))

Sec.  5.91  Medical evidence for disability claims.

    (a) Medical evidence rendering VA examination unnecessary. VA may 
adjudicate a claim without providing a VA examination or period of 
hospital observation if any private or government examination or 
hospital report of record is adequate to adjudicate the claim.
    (b) Rating injuries and conditions obviously incurred in service. 
VA may assign a rating for combat injuries or other conditions that 
obviously were incurred in service as soon as sufficient evidence to 
rate the severity of the condition is available, even if VA has not yet 
received the claimant's enlistment examination and other service 
records.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1154, 5103A, 5125)

Sec.  5.92  Independent medical opinions.

    (a) General. When warranted by the medical complexity or 
controversy involved in a pending claim, an advisory medical opinion 
may be obtained from one or more medical experts who are not employees 
of VA. Opinions will be obtained from recognized medical schools, 
universities, clinics or medical institutions with which arrangements 
for such opinions have been made, and an appropriate official of the 
institution will select the individual expert(s) to render an opinion.
    (b) Requests. A request for an independent medical opinion in 
conjunction with a claim pending at the regional office level may be 
initiated by the office having jurisdiction over the claim, by the 
claimant, or by his or her representative. The request must be 
submitted in writing and must set forth in detail the reasons why the 
opinion is necessary. All such requests will be submitted through the 
Veterans Service Center Manager or the Pension Management Center 
Manager of the office having jurisdiction over the claim, and those 
requests which in the judgment of that official merit consideration 
will be referred to the Compensation Service or Pension and Fiduciary 
Service for approval.
    (c) Approval. Approval will be granted only upon a determination by 
the Compensation Service that the issue under consideration poses a 
medical problem of such complexity, or has generated such controversy 
in the medical community at large, as to justify solicitation of an 
independent medical opinion. When approval has been granted, the 
Compensation Service will obtain the opinion. A determination that an 
independent medical opinion is not warranted may be contested only as 
part of an appeal on the merits of the decision rendered on the primary 
issue by the agency of original jurisdiction.
    (d) Notification. The Compensation Service will send written notice 
to the claimant when the request for an independent medical opinion has 
been approved with regard to his or her claim and will furnish the 
claimant with a copy of the opinion when it is received. If, in the 
judgment of the Secretary, disclosure of the independent medical 
opinion would be harmful to the physical or mental health of the 
claimant, disclosure will be subject to the special procedures set 
forth in Sec.  1.577 of this chapter.

(Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552a(f)(3); 38 U.S.C. 5109, 5701(b)(1))

Sec.  5.93  Service records which are lost, destroyed, or otherwise 
unavailable.

    (a) Records in the custody of the Department of Defense. When 
records that are potentially relevant to a claim for benefits and that 
were in the custody of the Department of Defense have been lost or 
destroyed, or otherwise have become unavailable, VA will not deny the 
claim without attempting to obtain potentially relevant evidence from 
alternative sources. (Examples of evidence from alternative sources are 
listed in paragraph (c) of this section.)
    (b) Destruction due to fire at the National Personnel Records 
Center. On July 12, 1973, there was a fire at the National Archives and 
Records Administration's National Personnel Records Center (NPRC). When 
the NPRC reports that it does not have the claimant's records because 
they were destroyed by this fire, VA will not deny the claim without 
attempting to obtain potentially relevant evidence from alternative 
sources. (Examples of evidence from alternative sources are listed in 
paragraph (c) of this section). The following are the two main groups 
of records destroyed by the NPRC fire:
    (1) Army. Records for certain Army veterans who served between 
November 1, 1912, and January 1, 1960. Records of Army retirees who 
were alive on July 12, 1973, were not destroyed by the fire because 
they were stored at a different location.
    (2) Air Force. Records for certain Air Force veterans with surnames 
``Hubbard'' through Z who were discharged between September 25, 1947, 
and January 1, 1964, and had no retired or Reserve status.
    (c) Evidence from alternative sources. Depending on the facts of 
the case, sources of potentially relevant evidence from alternative 
sources for records described in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section 
include the following:
    (1) A claimant's personal copies of discharge papers, service 
treatment records, or other evidence of military service;
    (2) State Adjutant Generals' offices or State historical 
commissions;
    (3) The Office of Personnel Management (if the veteran was employed 
by a Federal or State agency), a private employer, or the Railroad 
Retirement Board (if the veteran was employed by a railroad);
    (4) The Social Security Administration;
    (5) VA or military files or records relating to an earlier claim 
filed with VA;
    (6) Service medical personnel or people who knew the veteran during 
his or her service;
    (7) State or local accident and police reports from the time and 
place the veteran served;
    (8) Employment physical examinations or insurance examinations;

[[Page 71183]]

    (9) Hospitals, clinics, or private physicians who treated a 
veteran, especially soon after separation, or pharmacies that filled 
prescriptions;
    (10) Letters written during service or photographs taken during 
service.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.94-5.98  [Reserved]

Responsibilities of Claimants and Beneficiaries


Sec.  5.99  Extensions of certain time limits.

    (a) Requests for extension. A time limit specified in this part for 
providing information or evidence necessary to substantiate a claim or 
for challenging a decision by an agency of original jurisdiction may be 
extended for good cause.
    (b) Form and filing of request. The request for extension of time 
must be in writing and state why more time is needed. It must be filed 
with the VA office that made the decision or required the information 
or evidence, unless VA has sent notice to the claimant that his or her 
VA file has been transferred to another VA office.
    (c) Late Requests. If the claimant requests an extension after the 
expiration of the applicable time limit, the claimant must complete the 
action required in paragraph (a) of this section prior to or 
concurrently with filing the request for the extension. The request for 
the extension must state why the required action could not have been 
taken during the applicable time limit and could not have been taken 
sooner than it was. VA will grant the extension if good cause is shown, 
but no extension will be granted if VA has made a decision on the claim 
to which the required information or evidence relates and the time to 
appeal that decision has expired. See Sec.  20.304 of this chapter.
    (d) Appeals of denial of a request for extension. Denial of an 
extension under this section is a separately appealable issue.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501 (a))

Sec.  5.100  Time limits for claimant or beneficiary responses.

    (a) In computing the time limit for any action required of a 
claimant or beneficiary, including the filing of claims or evidence 
requested by VA, the first day of the specified period will be excluded 
and the last day included. This rule is applicable in cases in which 
the time limit expires on a workday. Where the time limit would expire 
on a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, the next succeeding workday 
will be included in the computation.
    (b) The first day of the specified period referred to in paragraph 
(a) of this section will be the date of mailing of notice to the 
claimant or beneficiary of the action required and the time limit 
therefor. The date of the letter of notice will be considered the date 
of mailing for purposes of computing time limits. Regarding appeals, 
see Sec. Sec.  20.302 and 20.305 of this chapter.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.101  Requirement to provide Social Security numbers.

    (a) General requirement to provide Social Security number or 
Taxpayer Identification Number. If requested to do so by VA, each 
claimant for, or beneficiary of, disability compensation, pension, 
dependency and indemnity compensation, or a monetary benefit under 38 
U.S.C. chapter 18 must provide to VA his or her Social Security number, 
or Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) if that person is not an 
individual, as well as the Social Security number of any dependent or 
other person to or for whom benefits are sought or received. Anyone who 
signs a form on behalf of such an individual must also provide his or 
her Social Security number or TIN if requested to do so by VA.
    (b) Individuals receiving VA benefits. If, within 60 days after 
VA's request, a beneficiary fails to provide a Social Security number 
or to show that no Social Security number or TIN was assigned, then VA 
will take the following action:
    (1) If the beneficiary fails to provide his or her own Social 
Security number or TIN, then VA will discontinue benefits.
    (2) If the beneficiary fails to provide the Social Security number 
or TIN of any dependent to or for whom benefits are being paid, then VA 
will reduce the benefits payable by the amount payable to or for such 
dependent. However, VA may still consider that dependent's income for 
purposes of determining entitlement to income-based benefits.
    (c) Effective date of reduction or discontinuance. If VA has not 
received the requested Social Security number or TIN 60 days after VA's 
request, then VA will discontinue or reduce benefits under paragraph 
(b) of this section effective the first day of the month after the 60-
day period expires.
    (d) Effective date of resumed payments. If a beneficiary provides 
VA with the requested Social Security number or TIN, VA will resume 
payment of benefits at the prior rate, effective on the date VA 
received the Social Security number, provided that payment of benefits 
at that rate is otherwise in order.
    (e) Claimant's application for VA benefits. If, within 30 days 
after VA's request, the claimant fails to provide the requested Social 
Security number or TIN, or to show that no Social Security number or 
TIN was assigned, then VA will deny the claim. If a claimant fails to 
provide the Social Security number or TIN of a dependent, then VA will 
deny benefits for the dependent. If VA denies the claim or denies 
benefits for the dependent, and the claimant subsequently provides the 
Social Security number or TIN no later than 1 year after the notice of 
that decision, then VA must readjudicate the claim.
    (f) When a Social Security number or TIN is not required. A 
claimant or beneficiary is not required to provide a Social Security 
number or TIN for any person to whom a Social Security number or TIN 
has not been assigned.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1832, 5101(c))

Sec.  5.102  Reexamination requirements.

    (a) General. VA may reexamine a beneficiary, or require a period or 
periods of hospital observation, at any time to ensure that the 
beneficiary's disability rating is accurate. For example, VA may 
reexamine a beneficiary if evidence indicates that the disability for 
which VA is making payments may no longer exist or may have improved to 
such a degree that a reduced rating might be appropriate; or if 
reexamination is otherwise necessary to ensure that the disability is 
accurately evaluated. Paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section provide 
general guidelines for scheduling reexaminations, but do not limit VA's 
authority to schedule reexaminations or periods of hospital observation 
at any time in order to ensure that a disability is accurately rated.
    (b) Beneficiaries are required to report for scheduled 
reexaminations. A beneficiary must report for a VA-scheduled 
reexamination. If he or she does not report, VA will take the steps 
described in Sec.  5.103.
    (c) Scheduling reexaminations in disability compensation cases. The 
following rules apply to disability compensation cases:
    (1) General rule. As a general rule, if periodic future 
reexaminations are warranted, VA may schedule such reexaminations to 
occur between 2 and 5 years after the date on which VA last examined 
the beneficiary, unless some other law or regulation specifies another 
time period.
    (2) When VA will not schedule periodic reexaminations. VA will not 
schedule periodic future reexaminations under the following 
circumstances:
    (i) The disability is static;

[[Page 71184]]

    (ii) Medical examinations or hospital reports show that the 
symptoms and findings of the disability have persisted without 
significant improvement for at least 5 years;
    (iii) The beneficiary has reached age 55, except in unusual 
circumstances;
    (iv) The disability in question is rated at a prescribed mandatory 
minimum level under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of 
this chapter; or
    (v) The combined disability rating would not decrease even if a 
reexamination for the specific disability at issue would result in a 
decreased rating for that disability; however, if a reexamination 
potentially would reduce an award of special monthly compensation, 
reexamination may be warranted even if the combined disability rating 
would not be reduced. See Sec.  4.25 of this chapter for information on 
``combined ratings'' and how they are calculated.
    (3) Discharge from service with unstabilized disability. If a 
person is discharged from military service with a disability that has 
not yet become stable or with a disability caused by a wound or injury 
that has not yet completely healed, VA may, pursuant to Sec.  4.28 of 
this chapter, temporarily assign a prestabilization disability rating 
of either 100 percent or 50 percent to the disability. If VA assigns a 
prestabilization rating under Sec.  4.28 of this chapter, VA will 
schedule a reexamination to occur 6 to 12 months after the date the 
person separates from service, to determine the appropriate schedular 
rating under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this 
chapter.
    (d) Pension cases. The following rules apply to pension cases:
    (1) If the beneficiary has reached age 55, VA will schedule a 
reexamination only in unusual circumstances.
    (2) VA generally will not schedule a reexamination if it is obvious 
that the disability is unlikely to improve over the long term or the 
medical history has confirmed the presence of a permanent and total 
nonservice-connected disability. In other cases, VA will reexamine only 
in unusual circumstances.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.103  Failure to report for VA examination or reexamination.

    (a) General. VA will schedule a VA examination when needed to 
establish entitlement to a benefit or to an increased disability 
rating. VA will schedule a VA reexamination when needed to confirm 
continued entitlement to a benefit or continued entitlement to a 
particular disability rating. If a claimant or beneficiary, with good 
cause, fails to report for a VA examination or reexamination, VA will 
reschedule the examination or reexamination. Examples of good cause are 
listed in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (b) Failure without good cause to report for a scheduled 
examination: Claimants. If a claimant, without good cause, fails to 
report for a VA examination, VA will decide the claim as follows:
    (1) For an original disability compensation claim, VA will make a 
decision based on the evidence of record.
    (2) For any other original claim, reopened claim, or a claim for 
increase, VA will deny the claim.
    (c) Failure without good cause to report for a scheduled 
reexamination: Beneficiary. (1) Continuing entitlement to a benefit. If 
a beneficiary fails, without good cause, to report for a VA 
reexamination and continuing entitlement to the benefit cannot be 
confirmed without a VA reexamination, VA will propose to discontinue 
the benefit.
    (2) Continuing entitlement to a particular rating. If a beneficiary 
fails, without good cause, to report for a VA reexamination and 
continuing entitlement to a particular disability rating for one or 
more of the beneficiary's disabilities cannot be confirmed without a VA 
reexamination, VA will propose to reduce the rating for the disability 
or disabilities at issue to one of the following, as applicable:
    (i) The highest disability rating assigned to that disability that 
is protected under Sec.  5.170(a).
    (ii) The rating specified as the minimum rating permitted for that 
disability under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this 
chapter.
    (iii) Zero percent, unless the rating is protected under the 
provisions of Sec.  5.170 or the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in 
part 4 of this chapter prescribes a minimum rating for the disability 
or disabilities.
    Cross Reference: See Sec.  5.170, ``Calculation of 5-year, 10-year, 
and 20-year protection periods''.
    (d) Advance notice of proposed discontinuance or reduction. (1) 
Notice. If VA proposes to discontinue or reduce payment under paragraph 
(b) or (c) of this section, VA will send written notice to the 
beneficiary of its intended action. The notice must include the date on 
which the proposed discontinuance or reduction will be effective, and 
the beneficiary's procedural rights as listed in Sec.  5.83(a)(1) 
through (4).
    (2) Time period during which the beneficiary must respond. VA must 
receive either notification that the beneficiary will report for 
reexamination or evidence showing that VA should not discontinue or 
reduce payments no later than 60 days after the date of VA's notice. If 
VA receives notification that the beneficiary will report for 
reexamination, it will schedule a reexamination. If VA receives 
evidence showing that VA should not discontinue or reduce payments, it 
will not do so.
    (3) No response or inadequate response. If VA does not receive the 
notification or evidence required by paragraph (d)(2) of this section, 
VA will take the action described in the notice referred to in 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section. The action will be effective on the 
date identified in the notice or the first day of the month after the 
month for which VA last paid benefits to the beneficiary, whichever is 
later.
    (4) Hearing. The beneficiary may request a hearing to challenge 
VA's proposed adverse action as provided in Sec.  5.82(f). If, 30 days 
after the notice, VA has not received the beneficiary's request for a 
hearing, then VA will discontinue or reduce payments effective on the 
date the notice specified or the first day of the month after the month 
for which VA last paid benefits, whichever is later, unless evidence is 
presented that warrants a different determination.
    (5) Rescheduled reexamination. The beneficiary may ask VA to 
schedule another date for reexamination, either instead of or in 
addition to asking for a hearing. If VA receives the request to 
reschedule before the payments are discontinued or reduced, VA will 
halt its action to discontinue or reduce payments and will schedule a 
new reexamination date. VA will send written notice to the beneficiary 
that if he or she fails to report for the rescheduled reexamination, 
then VA will immediately discontinue or reduce the payments as of the 
first day of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits.
    (e) Resumption of payments. If VA discontinues or reduces payments 
for failure to report for a reexamination, VA will issue a new decision 
after the beneficiary reports for a VA reexamination. VA will send 
written notice to the beneficiary of any period of time for which it 
could not pay benefits at the previous level and the reason(s) why, and 
identify the period of time for which it has resumed paying such 
benefits.
    (f) Examples of good cause. Examples of good cause for failure to 
report for a VA examination or reexamination include a claimant's or 
beneficiary's

[[Page 71185]]

illness or hospitalization, and the death of an immediate family 
member. VA will determine on a case-by-case basis whether good cause is 
established.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.104  Certifying continuing eligibility to receive benefits.

    Except as otherwise provided, the following rules govern the 
certification of continuing eligibility.
    (a) Responsibility to certify continuing eligibility upon request. 
Each beneficiary, if requested to do so by VA, must certify whether the 
factual basis that established entitlement to benefits still exists. 
The requested certification may concern marital status, income, number 
of dependents, or any other fact affecting entitlement to a benefit or 
the amount of benefits payable. VA must receive the beneficiary's 
certification, including any requested information, no later than 60 
days after the date of VA's request.
    (b) If VA does not receive the certification in 60 days. If VA has 
not received the requested certification 60 days after the date of VA's 
request, VA will assume that the fact(s) about which the certification 
was requested ceased to exist as of the end of the month in which VA 
received the last evidence of record establishing or confirming the 
fact(s).
    (c) Additional 60 days provided. If VA has not received the 
requested certification 60 days after the date of VA's request, VA will 
send written notice to the beneficiary that VA proposes to reduce or 
discontinue the benefits and will allow the beneficiary 60 days in 
which to provide VA with the required certification. The notice must 
include the effective date of the proposed reduction or discontinuance. 
If the beneficiary does not provide the required certification after 
the additional 60 days, VA will reduce or discontinue the benefit, 
according to the appropriate effective date provisions in effect on the 
date the eligibility factor(s) is considered to have ceased to exist.
    (d) VA action when the evidence is received. When the certification 
requested is provided, VA will adjust the benefits, if necessary, 
according to the information provided and the other evidence of record.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315, 1506)

Sec. Sec.  5.105--5.129  [Reserved]

General Evidence Requirements


Sec.  5.130  Submission of statements, evidence, or information 
affecting entitlement to benefits.

    (a) Claimants--(1) VA policy concerning submission of written 
statements, evidence, or information by claimants. It is VA's general 
policy to allow submission of statements, evidence, or information by 
regular mail, hand delivery, facsimile (fax) machine, or other 
electronic means that the Secretary prescribes, unless a VA regulation, 
application, or directive expressly requires a different method of 
submission (for example, where an application directs a claimant to 
file certain documents by regular mail or hand delivery).
    (2) Content of submissions. Paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
concerns the method by which written statements, evidence, or 
information is filed with VA. Requirements regarding the content of the 
submission must still be met.
    (3) VA action following submission of written statements, evidence, 
or information. Except as otherwise provided, after a claimant or his 
or her fiduciary or authorized representative provides VA with a 
written statement, evidence, or information regarding entitlement to 
benefits, VA will take appropriate action in response to the statement, 
evidence, or information.
    (b) Beneficiaries--(1) VA policy concerning submission of 
statements, evidence, or information by a beneficiary. It is VA's 
general policy to allow submission of statements, evidence, or 
information by regular mail, hand delivery, email, facsimile (fax) 
machine, oral statements, or other electronic means that the Secretary 
prescribes, unless a VA regulation, application, or directive expressly 
requires a different method of submission. This policy only applies to 
submissions regarding entitlement to benefits already awarded.
    (2) Content of submissions. Paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
concerns the method by which written statements, evidence, or 
information is filed with VA. Requirements regarding the content of the 
submission must still be met.
    (3) VA action following submission of statements, evidence, or 
information. Except as otherwise provided, after a beneficiary or his 
or her fiduciary or authorized representative provides VA with a 
statement, evidence, or information regarding entitlement to benefits, 
VA will take appropriate action in response to the statement, evidence, 
or information.
    (4) Notice and documentation of oral statements. Except as provided 
in paragraph (c) of this section, VA will not take action based on oral 
statements unless, during the conversation in which the beneficiary, 
representative, or fiduciary provides the statement, the VA employee 
receiving the information does the following:
    (i) Identifies himself or herself as a VA employee who is 
authorized to receive the statement, which means the VA employee must 
be authorized to take actions under Sec.  2.3 of this chapter or Sec.  
5.5;
    (ii) Verifies the identity of the provider as the beneficiary or 
his or her fiduciary or authorized representative by obtaining specific 
information about the beneficiary that is contained in the 
beneficiary's VA records, such as Social Security number, date of 
birth, branch of military service, dates of military service, or other 
information;
    (iii) Informs the provider that VA will use the statement to 
determine entitlement and to calculate benefit amounts; and
    (iv) During or following the conversation in which the beneficiary, 
representative, or fiduciary provides the statement, the VA employee 
documents in the beneficiary's VA record all of the following elements:
    (A) The specific statement provided;
    (B) The date such statement was provided;
    (C) The identity of the provider;
    (D) The steps taken to verify the identity of the provider as the 
beneficiary or his or her fiduciary or authorized representative; and
    (E) The employee's statement that he or she informed the provider 
that VA will use the statement to determine entitlement and to 
calculate benefit amounts.
    (c) Exceptions to paragraph (b)(4) notice and documentation 
requirements. Paragraph (b)(4) of this section does not apply to oral 
statements:
    (1) Made at a VA hearing; or
    (2) Recorded by VA personnel in reports of medical treatment or 
examination.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.131  Applications, claims, and exchange of evidence with Social 
Security Administration--death benefits.

    (a) Dual-purpose Social Security Administration and VA 
applications. VA considers a claim for death benefits submitted to the 
Social Security Administration (SSA) on an application jointly 
prescribed by VA and the SSA to be a claim for dependency and indemnity 
compensation, death pension, and accrued benefits. VA will consider the 
claim to have been received by VA on the same date that the SSA 
received it.
    (b) Evidence submitted to the Social Security Administration. VA 
considers evidence submitted to the SSA in conjunction with a claim 
under paragraph (a) of this section to have

[[Page 71186]]

been received by VA on the same date that the SSA received it.
    (c) Social Security Administration request for copies or 
certifications of evidence submitted to VA. At the SSA's request, VA 
will furnish copies or certifications of evidence that a claimant has 
filed with VA in support of a claim for VA death benefits, provided 
that the release of this evidence fully complies with all requirements 
in any applicable laws and regulations that protect the confidentiality 
of VA records.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5101(b)(1), 5105)

Sec.  5.132  Claims, statements, evidence, or information filed abroad; 
authentication of documents from foreign countries.

    (a) Claims and evidence submitted abroad. A claim, or a statement, 
information, or evidence in support of a claim, may be submitted to a 
Department of State representative in a foreign country. Any claim, 
statement, information, or evidence submitted in a foreign country will 
be considered received by VA on the same date that it was received by 
the Department of State representative in that foreign country. 
Diplomatic and consular officers of the Department of State are 
authorized to act as agents of VA.
    (b) Authentication of foreign documents. Foreign documents listed 
in paragraph (c) of this section do not require authentication. All 
other foreign documents must be authenticated as specified in paragraph 
(d) of this section.
    (1) Foreign documents means documents that are signed under oath or 
affirmation in the presence of an official in a foreign country. 
Examples of foreign documents include affidavits, marriage 
certificates, and birth certificates that have been created, executed, 
or validated by a foreign government.
    (2) Authentication means that an official listed in paragraph (d) 
of this section verifies that the foreign document, including each 
signature, stamp, and seal appearing on it, is genuine and has not been 
altered.
    (c) Authentication of certain foreign documents not required. VA 
does not require authentication of the following types of foreign 
documents:
    (1) Documents approved by the Deputy Minister of Veterans Affairs 
for the Department of Veterans Affairs, Ottawa, Canada;
    (2) Documents bearing the signature and seal of an officer 
authorized to administer oaths for general purposes;
    (3) Documents signed before a VA employee authorized to administer 
oaths under Sec.  2.3 of this chapter;
    (4) Affidavits prepared in the Republic of the Philippines that are 
certified by a VA representative who is located there and who has the 
authority to administer oaths; and
    (5) Copies of public, church, or other religious-context records 
from any foreign country used to establish birth, adoption, marriage, 
annulment, divorce, or death, provided that the documents have the 
signature and seal of the custodian of these records and there is no 
contrary evidence of record that tends to cast doubt on the correctness 
of the documents.
    (d) Authentication of foreign documents required. Foreign documents 
not listed in paragraph (c) of this section must be authenticated by:
    (1) An officer of the Department of State authorized to 
authenticate documents; or
    (2) The Consul of a friendly government whose signature and seal is 
verified by the Department of State.
    (e) Photocopies of foreign documents. VA will accept photocopies of 
any of the foreign documents described in paragraphs (c) and (d) of 
this section if VA determines that the photocopies satisfy the 
requirements of Sec.  5.181.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.133  Information VA may request from financial institutions.

    (a) Names and addresses. If VA needs to verify a person's correct 
name or address, VA may request this information from a financial 
institution, such as a bank, savings and loan association, trust 
company, or credit union. In its request, VA must certify that the name 
or address is necessary in order to properly administer its benefit 
programs and that VA cannot locate the information by a reasonable 
search of its records.
    (b) Financial information. VA may ask a financial institution to 
provide financial records of a current or former claimant or a current 
or former beneficiary if such evidence is necessary to determine 
whether such person has failed to comply with a statute, regulation, 
rule, or order. VA must request the financial records through a 
subpoena. A ``subpoena'' is a legal document commanding a person or 
organization to provide specified evidence to the issuer of the 
subpoena. See Sec.  2.2 of this chapter for information on VA's 
authority to issue subpoenas. Before the date VA serves a subpoena on a 
financial institution, VA must serve or mail a copy of the subpoena, a 
written explanation of its purpose, and the procedure for challenging 
the subpoena to the claimant or beneficiary. See 12 U.S.C. 3405.
    (c) Limitations on use of information. Unless permitted under the 
Right to Financial Privacy Act, 12 U.S.C. 3401, et seq., VA may not:
    (1) Use information obtained from a financial institution for any 
purpose other than the administration of benefits programs; or
    (2) Share this information with any other person, group, or 
government entity.

(Authority: 12 U.S.C. 3401, 3405, 3412, 3413; 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 
5319, 5711)

Sec.  5.134  VA acceptance of signature by mark or thumbprint.

    VA will accept a signature by mark or thumbprint if it is:
    (a) Witnessed by two people who sign their names and give their 
addresses;
    (b) Witnessed by an accredited agent, attorney, or service 
organization representative;
    (c) Certified by a notary public or any other person having the 
authority to administer oaths for general purposes; or
    (d) Certified by a VA employee who has been delegated authority by 
the Secretary under 38 CFR 2.3.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5101)

Sec.  5.135  Statements certified or under oath or affirmation.

    (a) Oral testimony. All oral testimony presented at a hearing by a 
claimant, or by a witness on his or her behalf, will be under oath or 
affirmation. See Sec.  5.82(d)(2).
    (b) Documentary evidence or written assertion of fact. Any 
documentary evidence or written assertion of fact filed by the claimant 
or on his or her behalf for purpose of establishing a claim must be 
certified or under oath or affirmation. However, VA may decide that 
certification or oath or affirmation is not necessary to establish the 
reliability of a document and therefore not required. Documentary 
evidence includes, but is not limited to, records, examination reports, 
and transcripts that VA receives from State, county, or municipal 
governments, recognized private institutions, or contract hospitals.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``certified 
statement'' and Sec.  5.1 for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.136  Abandoned claims.

    Except as provided in Sec.  5.104(a), Certifying continuing 
eligibility to receive benefits, if a claimant does not furnish 
evidence in connection with a claim within 1 year after the date VA 
requests it, the claim will be considered

[[Page 71187]]

abandoned. Once a claim is abandoned, the claimant must file a new 
claim for VA to take further action. If the claimant subsequently 
submits evidence that establishes a right to benefits, the effective 
date will not be earlier than the date of receipt of the new claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5103)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.150 General effective dates of awards or 
increased benefits.


Sec. Sec.  5.137-5.139  [Reserved]

Evidence Requirements for Former Prisoners of War (POWs)


Sec.  5.140  Determining former prisoner of war status.

    (a) Procedure for VA determinations of former prisoner of war (POW) 
status--(1) Service department findings. VA will accept the appropriate 
service department's finding that a veteran was a POW during a period 
of war unless a reasonable basis exists for questioning that finding, 
in which case, VA will make its own determination of former POW status.
    (2) VA determinations. In addition to the basis stated under 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, VA will make its own determination of 
former POW status if:
    (i) The service department determined that the veteran was not a 
POW;
    (ii) The service department did not make a determination regarding 
POW status; or
    (iii) The detention or internment of the veteran occurred during a 
period other than a period of war.
    (3) Role of the Director of the Compensation Service. The Director 
of the Compensation Service must approve all agency of original 
jurisdiction (AOJ) determinations of former POW status except when the 
AOJ accepted service department findings under paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section.
    (b) Criteria for VA determinations of former POW status--(1) 
Definition of ``former POW''. Former POW means a veteran who, while 
serving in the active military service, was forcibly detained or 
interned in the line of duty by an entity described in paragraph 
(b)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section:
    (i) An enemy, the agents of an enemy, or a hostile force, during a 
period of war; or
    (ii) A foreign government or its agents, or a hostile force, under 
circumstances comparable to the circumstances under which a veteran 
generally has been forcibly detained or interned by enemy governments 
during periods of war. Such circumstances include, but are not limited 
to, physical hardships or abuse, psychological hardships or abuse, 
malnutrition, and unsanitary conditions. In the absence of evidence to 
the contrary, VA will consider that each individual member of a 
particular group of detainees or internees experienced the same 
circumstances as those the group experienced generally.
    (iii) Hostile force means any entity other than an enemy or foreign 
government or the agents of either whose acts further or enhance anti-
American military, political, or economic objectives or views, or 
attempt to embarrass the U.S.
    (2) Reason for detention or internment. For purposes of determining 
former POW status, VA will not consider the reason a veteran was 
detained or interned, except where allegations exist that the veteran 
violated the laws of a foreign government. A period of detention or 
internment by a foreign government for an alleged violation of its laws 
cannot be used to establish former POW status, unless the charges were 
a sham intended to make it appear that the detention or internment was 
proper.
    (3) Line of duty. VA will consider that a forcible detention or 
internment was in the line of duty unless the evidence of record 
discloses that it was the proximate result of the veteran's willful 
misconduct. See Sec. Sec.  5.660 and 5.661.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(32))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction'', and Sec.  5.1 for the definition of ``willful 
misconduct''. Sec.  5.611, Philippine service: Determination of periods 
of active military service, including, but not limited to, periods of 
active military service while in prisoner of war status.


Sec.  5.141  Medical evidence for former prisoner of war disability 
compensation claims.

    (a) Injuries and other conditions of a former prisoner of war 
(POW). As soon as sufficient evidence for a rating is available, VA 
will rate injuries or other conditions of a former POW that obviously 
were incurred in service, without awaiting receipt of the claimant's 
service treatment and other service records.
    (b) Statements by a former POW. VA will presume as true a statement 
by a former POW that an injury or disease was incurred or aggravated 
during, or immediately before, detention or internment if the statement 
is consistent with the circumstances, conditions, or hardships of such 
service. This presumption may be rebutted by clear and convincing 
evidence to the contrary. See Sec.  5.250(b)(2).
    (c) Evidence from fellow servicemembers. A claimant may use 
evidence from a fellow servicemember to support an allegation of 
incurrence or aggravation of an injury or disease during detention or 
internment. In evaluating evidence from a fellow servicemember that 
relates to a former POW's claim for disability compensation, VA will 
take into account the fellow servicemember's statements, including, but 
not limited to, statements regarding any of the following factors:
    (1) The former POW's physical condition before capture;
    (2) The circumstances during the former POW's detention or 
internment;
    (3) The changes in the former POW's physical condition following 
release from detention or internment; or
    (4) The existence of signs and symptoms consistent with a claimed 
disability following the former POW's release from detention or 
internment.
    (d) Absence of clinical records. If a former POW claims entitlement 
to disability compensation, VA will not consider the lack of history or 
findings in clinical records made upon the claimant's return to U.S. 
control as determinative.
    (e) Disabilities first reported after discharge. If any disability 
is first reported after discharge, especially if the claimed disability 
is poorly defined and not obviously of intercurrent origin, VA will 
determine whether the claimed disability is etiologically related to 
the POW experience. VA will consider the circumstances of the 
claimant's detention or internment, the duration of detention or 
internment, and the pertinent medical principles.
    (f) Examination requirement. If service connection for disabilities 
claimed by a former POW cannot be established otherwise, VA will 
provide the claimant a complete medical examination.
    Cross References: Sec.  5.140(b), concerning definition of ``former 
POW''; Sec.  5.264(b) and (c), concerning diseases VA presumes are 
service connected in former prisoners of war.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1154)

Sec. Sec.  5.142-5.149  [Reserved]

General Effective Dates for Awards


Sec.  5.150  General effective dates of awards or increased benefits.

    (a) General rule. Except as otherwise provided, the effective date 
of an award of pension, disability compensation, dependency and 
indemnity compensation, or monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 
18 for a person who is a child of a Vietnam or Korea

[[Page 71188]]

veteran, based on an original claim, a claim reopened after final 
denial, or a claim for increase, will be the later of:
    (1) The date of receipt of the claim for the benefit; or
    (2) The date entitlement arose. For purposes of this part, date 
entitlement arose means the date that the claimant first met the 
requirements for the benefit as shown by the evidence. VA will assume 
that entitlement arose before the date of receipt of the claim unless 
the evidence shows that entitlement arose after that date.
    (b) Retroactive increase. VA will not award a retroactive increase 
or an additional benefit after discontinuing basic entitlement to a 
benefit, such as by severance of service connection.
    (c) Location of other part 5 effective-date provisions for awards 
or increased benefits. The following table is to assist the reader in 
locating various other effective-date provisions for awards or 
increased benefits in this part. It is provided for informational use 
only. This table does not confer any substantive rights.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Effective date provision                  Part 5 location
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              SUBPART B--SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR VETERANS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Individuals and groups designated by    Sec.   5.27(c).
 the Secretary of Defense as having
 performed active military service.
Effect of discharge upgrades by Armed   Sec.   5.34(d).
 Forces boards for the correction of
 military records (10 U.S.C. 1552) on
 eligibility for VA benefits.
Effect of discharge upgrades by Armed   Sec.   5.35(e).
 Forces discharge review boards (10
 U.S.C. 1553) on eligibility for VA
 benefits.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                SUBPART C--ADJUDICATIVE PROCESS, GENERAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filing a claim for death benefits.....  Sec.   5.52(c).
Claims based on new and material        Sec.   5.55(e).
 evidence.
Requirement to provide Social Security  Sec.   5.101(d).
 numbers.
Abandoned claims......................  Sec.   5.136.
Effective dates based on change of law  Sec.   5.152(c).
 or VA issue.
Effective date of awards based on       Sec.   5.153.
 receipt of evidence prior to end of
 appeal period or before a final
 decision.
Revision of agency of original          Sec.   5.162(f).
 jurisdiction decisions based on clear
 and unmistakable error.
Service department records as new and   Sec.   5.165(c), (d).
 material evidence.
Effective dates for revision of         Sec.   5.166.
 decisions based on difference of
 opinion.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   SUBPART D--DEPENDENTS AND SURVIVORS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective date of awards of benefits    Sec.   5.183.
 for a dependent.
Effective date of resumption of         Sec.   5.205.
 benefits to a surviving spouse due to
 termination of a remarriage.
Effective date of award of pension or   Sec.   5.230.
 dependency and indemnity compensation
 to or for a child born after the
 veteran's death.
Effective date of an award of benefits  Sec.   5.235(b).
 due to termination of a child's
 marriage.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SUBPART E--CLAIMS FOR SERVICE CONNECTION AND DISABILITY COMPENSATION
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective dates--award of disability    Sec.   5.311.
 compensation.
Effective dates--increased disability   Sec.   5.312(b).
 compensation.
Effective dates--discontinuance of      Sec.   5.313.
 compensation for a total disability
 rating based on individual
 unemployability.
Effective dates--discontinuance of      Sec.   5.314.
 additional disability compensation
 based on parental dependency.
Effective dates--additional disability  Sec.   5.315(b).
 compensation based on decrease in the
 net worth of dependent parents.
Effective dates--special monthly        Sec.   5.335.
 compensation under Sec.  Sec.   5.332
 and 5.333.
Effective dates--additional             Sec.   5.336(a).
 compensation for regular aid and
 attendance payable for a veteran's
 spouse under Sec.   5.321.
Tuberculosis and compensation under 38  Sec.   5.346(b)(1)(ii).
 U.S.C. 1114(q) and 1156.
Effective dates of awards of benefits   Sec.   5.351.
 under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for
 additional disability or death due to
 hospital care, medical or surgical
 treatment, examination, training and
 rehabilitation services, or
 compensated work therapy program.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUBPART F--NONSERVICE-CONNECTED DISABILITY PENSIONS AND DEATH PENSIONS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disability requirements for Improved    Sec.   5.380.
 Disability Pension.
Effective dates of awards of Improved   Sec.   5.383.
 Disability Pension.
Effective dates of awards of special    Sec.   5.392.
 monthly pension.
Automatic adjustment of maximum annual  Sec.   5.401(a).
 pension rates.
Effective dates of changes in Improved  Sec.   5.415(b).
 Pension benefits based on changes in
 net worth.
Effective dates of changes to annual    Sec.   5.422.
 Improved Pension payment amounts due
 to a change in income.
Time limits to establish entitlement    Sec.   5.424(b), (c).
 to Improved Pension or to increase
 the annual Improved Pension amount
 based on income.
Effective dates of Improved Death       Sec.   5.431.
 Pension.
Effective dates of Improved Pension     Sec.   5.463.
 elections.
Annual income limits and rates for Old- Sec.   5.471(b).
 Law Pension and Section 306 Pension.
Time limit to establish continuing      Sec.   5.478(b).
 entitlement to Old-Law Pension or
 Section 306 Pension.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUBPART G--DEPENDENCY AND INDEMNITY COMPENSATION, ACCRUED BENEFITS, AND
          SPECIAL RULES APPLICABLE UPON DEATH OF A BENEFICIARY
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Awards of dependency and indemnity      Sec.   5.524.
 compensation benefits to children
 when there is a retroactive award to
 a schoolchild.
Awards of dependency and indemnity      Sec.   5.525.
 compensation when not all dependents
 apply.
When VA counts a parent's income for    Sec.   5.534.
 parent's dependency and indemnity
 compensation.
A parent's dependency and indemnity     Sec.   5.536(b).
 compensation rates.

[[Page 71189]]

 
Effective date of an award or an        Sec.   5.542.
 increased rate based on decreased
 income: parents' dependency and
 indemnity compensation.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUBPART H--SPECIAL AND ANCILLARY BENEFITS FOR VETERANS, DEPENDENTS, AND
                                SURVIVORS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medal of Honor pension................  Sec.   5.580(b).
Awards of benefits based on special     Sec.   5.581(d).
 acts or private laws.
Minimum income annuity and gratuitous   Sec.   5.587(b).
 annuity.
Special allowance payable under         Sec.   5.588(b), (f).
 section 156 of Public Law 97-377.
Monetary allowance for a Vietnam        Sec.   5.589(e).
 veteran or a veteran with covered
 service in Korea whose child was born
 with spina bifida.
Monetary allowance for a female         Sec.   5.590(i).
 Vietnam veteran's child with certain
 birth defects.
Effective dates of awards for a         Sec.   5.591(a).
 disabled child of a Vietnam or Korea
 veteran.
Clothing allowance....................  Sec.   5.606(e).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     SUBPART I--BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN FILIPINO VETERANS AND SURVIVORS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Payment at the full-dollar rate of      Sec.   5.613(d).
 disability compensation or dependency
 and indemnity compensation at the
 full dollar rate for certain Filipino
 veterans or their survivors residing
 in the U.S.
Effective dates of benefits at the      Sec.   5.614.
 full-dollar rate for a Filipino
 veteran and his or her survivor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          SUBPART K--MATTERS AFFECTING THE RECEIPT OF BENEFITS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revocation of forfeiture..............  Sec.   5.680(c)(2).
Effective dates: Forfeiture...........  Sec.   5.681.
Presidential pardon for offenses        Sec.   5.682(b).
 causing forfeiture.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             SUBPART L--PAYMENTS AND ADJUSTMENTS TO PAYMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beginning date for certain benefit      Sec.   5.693(b).
 payments.
Payments to or for a child pursuing a   Sec.   5.696(b)-(f).
 course of instruction at an approved
 educational institution.
Eligibility verification reports......  Sec.   5.708(f), (g).
Payment to dependents due to the        Sec.   5.711(b)(2), (c)(2),
 disappearance of a veteran for 90       (d)(1).
 days or more.
Resumption of special monthly           Sec.   5.721.
 compensation based on the need for
 regular aid and attendance after a
 veteran is on temporary absence from
 hospital, domiciliary, or nursing
 home care or is discharged or
 released from such care.
Resumption of Improved Pension and      Sec.   5.725.
 Improved Pension based on the need
 for regular aid and attendance after
 a veteran is on temporary absence
 from hospital, domiciliary, or
 nursing home care or is discharged or
 released from such care.
Resumption of Section 306 Pension and   Sec.   5.729.
 Section 306 Pension based on the need
 for regular aid and attendance during
 a veteran's temporary absence from
 hospital, domiciliary, or nursing
 home care or after released from such
 care.
Resumption of Old-Law Pension and Old-  Sec.   5.730.
 Law Pension based on the need for
 regular aid and attendance after a
 veteran is on temporary absence from
 hospital, domiciliary, or nursing
 home care or is discharged or
 released from such care.
General effective dates for awarding,   Sec.   5.743(a).
 reducing, or discontinuing VA
 benefits because of an election.
Entitlement to concurrent receipt of    Sec.   5.745(e).
 military retired pay and VA
 disability compensation.
Prohibition against receipt of active   Sec.   5.746(d)(1).
 military service pay and VA benefits
 for the same period.
Procedures for elections between VA     Sec.   5.752(b).
 benefits and compensation under the
 Federal Employees' Compensation Act.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUBPART M--APPORTIONMENTS TO DEPENDENTS AND PAYMENTS TO FIDUCIARIES AND
                       INCARCERATED BENEFICIARIES
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective date of apportionment grant   Sec.   5.782.
 or increase.
Determinations of incompetency and      Sec.   5.790(f).
 competency.
General fiduciary payments............  Sec.   5.791(e).
Institutional awards..................  Sec.   5.792(e).
Limitation on payments for a child....  Sec.   5.793.
Apportionment when a primary            Sec.   5.814(e).
 beneficiary is incarcerated.
Resumption of disability compensation   Sec.   5.815.
 or dependency and indemnity
 compensation upon a beneficiary's
 release from incarceration.
Resumption of pension upon a            Sec.   5.816(a), (b).
 beneficiary's release from
 incarceration.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(a))

Sec.  5.151  Date of receipt.

    (a) General rule. The date of receipt of a document, claim, 
information, or evidence is the date on which VA received it, except as 
provided in the following:
    (1) Paragraph (b) of this section;
    (2) Provisions for claims or evidence received in a foreign country 
by a Department of State representative (Sec.  5.132(a));
    (3) Provisions for applications, claims, and exchange of evidence 
with the Social Security Administration (Sec.  5.131(a) or (b)); or
    (4) Provisions of the Department of Defense relating to initial 
claims filed at or before separation.
    (b) Exception to date-of-receipt rule. If VA determines that a 
natural or man-made event causes extended delay or otherwise interferes 
with the normal receipt of correspondence in one or more VA regional 
office, it may establish an exception to paragraph (a) of this section 
for the office or offices involved by publishing notice of the 
exception in the Federal Register. The delay or other interference must 
affect the receipt of documents, claims, information, or evidence to an 
extent that, if not addressed, would adversely affect claimants through 
no fault of their

[[Page 71190]]

own. If VA establishes an exception, it may use factors such as the 
postmark or the date the claimant signed the correspondence as the date 
of its receipt.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 512(a), 5110)

Sec.  5.152  Effective dates based on change of law or VA issue.

    (a) Liberalizing law or VA issue. Paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section apply when pension, disability compensation, dependency and 
indemnity compensation, or a monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 
18 for a person who is a child of a Vietnam or Korea veteran, is 
awarded or increased pursuant to a liberalizing law or a liberalizing 
VA issue approved by the Secretary or at the Secretary's direction. The 
provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section apply to original 
claims, reopened claims, and claims for increase.
    (b) Eligibility for retroactive benefits. For a claimant to be 
eligible for retroactive benefits based on the liberalizing law or VA 
issue, the evidence must show that:
    (1) The claimant met all eligibility criteria for the liberalized 
benefit on the effective date of the liberalizing law or VA issue; and
    (2) Such eligibility existed continuously from that date to the 
date of the administrative determination of entitlement or of the 
claimant's request for review.
    (c) Effective date of award. (1) General. The effective date of an 
award or increase based on a liberalizing law or VA issue will be the 
later of:
    (i) The effective date of the liberalizing law or VA issue; or
    (ii) The date entitlement arose.
    (2) Review no later than 1 year after effective date. If VA reviews 
a claim on its initiative, or receives a claimant's request to review a 
claim, no later than 1 year after the effective date of the law or VA 
issue, then VA may authorize benefits from that effective date.
    (3) Review on VA initiative more than 1 year after effective date. 
If VA reviews a claim on its initiative more than 1 year after the 
effective date of the law or VA issue, it may authorize benefits for a 
period of 1 year before the date of administrative determination of 
entitlement.
    (4) Review at the claimant's request that VA received more than 1 
year after effective date. If VA reviews a claim at the claimant's 
request that VA received more than 1 year after the effective date of 
the law or VA issue, VA may authorize benefits for a period of 1 year 
prior to the date of receipt of such request.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1822, 5110(g))


    (d) Reduction or discontinuance of benefits. If VA reduces or 
discontinues pension, disability compensation, dependency and indemnity 
compensation, or a monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 for a 
person who is a child of a Vietnam or Korea veteran pursuant to a 
change in law or a VA issue, or because of a change in interpretation 
of a law or VA issue, the following provisions apply.
    (1) Notice. VA will send written notice of the proposed action to 
the beneficiary and furnish detailed reasons for the proposed reduction 
or discontinuance. The beneficiary will have 60 days after the date of 
the notice to present additional evidence.
    (2) Effective date of award. If VA receives no additional evidence 
within the 60-day notice period in paragraph (d)(1) of this section, or 
if the evidence received does not demonstrate that the proposed action 
should not be taken, VA will pay a reduced rate or discontinue the 
benefit effective the first day of the month after the end of the 
notice period.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(6))

Sec.  5.153  Effective date of awards based on receipt of evidence 
prior to end of appeal period or before a final Board decision.

    VA will consider information or evidence received before the 
expiration of the period for initiating or perfecting an appeal to the 
Board of Veterans' Appeals (the Board), or before the Board renders a 
decision (if a timely appeal was filed), without regard to whether the 
information or evidence is ``new and material''. The effective date of 
an award based on such evidence will be as though the former decision 
had not been rendered.
    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.150, General effective dates of awards or 
increased benefits. For information on how to appeal to the Board, see 
38 CFR parts 19 and 20.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.154-5.159  [Reserved]

General Rules on Revision of Decisions


Sec.  5.160  Binding effect of VA decisions.

    (a) General rule. A decision of a duly constituted rating agency or 
other agency of original jurisdiction will be binding on all field 
offices of the Department of Veterans Affairs as to conclusions based 
on the evidence of record at the time VA issues notice of the decision 
in accordance with 38 U.S.C. 5104. A binding agency decision will not 
be subject to revision on the same factual basis except by duly 
constituted appellate authorities or except as provided in Sec. Sec.  
5.161,5.162, and 5.163.
    (b) Particular issues. A Veterans Service Center's decision on any 
one of the issues listed below is binding on the VA Insurance Center, 
and vice versa, unless the decision was based on clear and unmistakable 
error. Absent clear and unmistakable error, neither a Veterans Service 
Center nor the VA Insurance Center may change a decision of the other 
if doing so would involve applying the same criteria and be based on 
the same facts. The issues to which this paragraph (b) applies are:
    (1) Line of duty;
    (2) Character of discharge;
    (3) Relationship;
    (4) Dependency;
    (5) Domestic relations issues such as marriage, divorce, adoption, 
and child custody and support;
    (6) Homicide; and
    (7) Findings of fact of death or presumption of death.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction''.


Sec.  5.161  Review of benefit claims decisions.

    (a) Timely Notice of Disagreement. A claimant who has filed a 
timely Notice of Disagreement (NOD) with a decision of an agency of 
original jurisdiction (AOJ) on a benefit claim has a right under this 
section to a review of that decision. The review will be conducted by a 
Veterans Service Center Manager or Decision Review Officer, at VA's 
discretion. A person who did not participate in the decision will 
conduct the review. Only a decision that has not yet become final (by 
appellate decision or failure to timely appeal) may be reviewed. A 
review under this section will encompass only decisions with which the 
claimant has expressed disagreement in the NOD. The reviewer will 
consider all evidence of record and applicable law, and will give the 
prior decision no deference.
    (b) Time to request a review. Upon receipt of an NOD, VA will send 
written notice to the claimant of his or her right to a review under 
this section, unless the NOD already includes a request for review of 
the decision under this section. To obtain such a review, the claimant 
must request it no later than 60 days after the date VA mails the 
notice. This 60-day limit may not be extended. If the claimant fails to 
request a review under this section no later than 60 days after the 
date VA send the notice, VA will proceed with the traditional appellate 
process by issuing a Statement

[[Page 71191]]

of the Case (SOC). A claimant may not have more than one review under 
this section of the same decision.
    (c) Action by reviewer. The reviewer may conduct whatever 
development he or she considers necessary to resolve any disagreements 
in the NOD, consistent with applicable law. This may include an attempt 
to obtain additional evidence or the holding of an informal conference 
with the claimant. In an informal conference, the reviewer will explain 
fully the issues and suggest the submission of evidence the claimant 
may have overlooked that would tend to prove the claim. Upon the 
request of the claimant, the reviewer will conduct a hearing under 
Sec.  5.82.
    (d) Decision of reviewer. The reviewer may grant a benefit sought 
in the claim notwithstanding Sec.  5.163, but he or she may not revise 
the decision in a manner that is less advantageous to the claimant than 
the decision under review, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this 
section. A review decision made under this section will include a 
summary of the evidence and of the reasons for the decision, a citation 
to pertinent laws, and a discussion of how those laws affect the 
decision.
    (e) Reversal or revision of a prior decision. Notwithstanding any 
other provisions of this section, the reviewer may reverse or revise 
the AOJ decision being reviewed, or any prior decision that has become 
final due to failure to timely appeal, on the grounds of clear and 
unmistakable error, even if disadvantageous to the claimant. See Sec.  
5.162.
    (f) Appeal rights. Review under this section does not limit the 
appeal rights of a claimant. Unless a claimant withdraws his or her NOD 
as a result of this review process, VA will proceed with the 
traditional appellate process by issuing an SOC.
    (g) Applicability. This section applies to all claims in which an 
NOD is filed after June 1, 2001.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5109A, 7105(d))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction''.


Sec.  5.162  Revision of agency of original jurisdiction decisions 
based on clear and unmistakable error.

    (a) Scope. The provisions of this section apply to decisions of an 
agency of original jurisdiction (AOJ) except:
    (1) Where an award was based on an act of commission or omission by 
the payee, or with his or her knowledge, see Sec. Sec.  5.164 and 
5.175;
    (2) Where there is a change in law or VA issue, or a change in 
interpretation of law or VA issue, see Sec.  5.152;
    (3) Where the evidence establishes that service connection was 
clearly illegal; or
    (4) As otherwise provided in this part.
    (b) Review for clear and unmistakable error (CUE). At any time 
after the AOJ makes a decision, the claimant may request, or VA may 
initiate, AOJ review of the decision to determine if there was CUE in 
the decision. The AOJ will base the review only on the evidence of 
record and the law in effect when the AOJ made the decision. If the 
review establishes CUE, the AOJ will reverse or revise the decision.
    (c) Binding decisions and final decisions. (1) To be reviewable 
under (b) of this section, the decision must be binding as defined in 
Sec.  5.160.
    (2) To be reviewable under paragraph (b) of this section, the 
decision may, but need not, be final as defined in Sec.  5.1.
    (3) VA may reverse or revise a final decision only if there was CUE 
in that decision.
    (d) What constitutes CUE. CUE is a very specific and rare kind of 
error. It is the kind of error of fact or of law that when called to 
the attention of later reviewers, compels the conclusion that the 
result would have been manifestly different if the error did not exist. 
The conclusion must be something about which reasonable minds cannot 
differ. Generally, either the correct facts, as they were known at the 
time, were not before the AOJ, or the statutory and regulatory 
provisions which existed at the time were incorrectly applied.
    (e) Reduction or discontinuance based on administrative error or 
error in judgment. VA will reduce or discontinue a benefit resulting 
from an award based solely on a VA administrative error or error in 
judgment only if it was CUE. Administrative errors or errors in 
judgment include, but are not limited to:
    (1) Overlooking facts;
    (2) Clerical errors; or
    (3) Failure to follow or properly apply VA regulations or statutes.
    (f) Effective date of reversal or revision. For purpose of granting 
benefits, a new decision that constitutes a reversal or revision of a 
prior decision on the grounds of CUE has the same effect as if the new 
decision had been made on the date of the prior decision. In such 
cases, benefits are payable effective on the date from which benefits 
would have been payable if the corrected decision had been made on the 
date of the reversed decision. See Sec.  5.167(c) for effective date of 
reduction or discontinuance based on VA administrative error or error 
in judgment.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5109A)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction''.


Sec.  5.163  Revision of decisions based on difference of opinion.

    If the Veterans Service Center Manager (VSCM) within an agency of 
original jurisdiction (AOJ) believes that revision of a previous AOJ 
decision is warranted, the VSCM will recommend the revision to the 
Director of the Compensation Service of the Veterans Benefits 
Administration for a binding determination. This section only applies 
to the revision of an AOJ decision that is not final and has not been 
the subject of a substantive appeal. The revision must be based on the 
VSCM's difference of opinion with the previous decision, and must lead 
to a decision more favorable to the claimant than the previous 
decision.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction''.


Sec.  5.164  Standard of proof for reducing or discontinuing a benefit 
payment or for severing service connection based on a beneficiary's act 
of commission or omission.

    (a) General rule. VA will reduce or discontinue a benefit, or sever 
service connection, if a preponderance of the evidence shows that it 
resulted in whole or in part from an award based on an act of 
commission or omission by the beneficiary or an act of commission or 
omission done with the beneficiary's knowledge. The review will be 
based on the law in effect when the agency of original jurisdiction 
(AOJ) made the decision and on all evidence currently of record, 
regardless of whether it was of record at that time.
    (b) Examples of acts of commission or omission. Acts of commission 
or omission include, but are not limited to:
    (1) An erroneous statement by a veteran regarding income;
    (2) Failure to notify VA of a changed circumstance (such as death 
or marriage of a dependent);
    (3) Failure to notify VA of an increase in income; or
    (4) Obtaining a benefit by fraud.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5112(b)(9))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction'', and Sec.  5.1, for the definition of 
``fraud.''


Sec.  5.165  Service department records as new and material evidence.

    (a) Reconsideration. Notwithstanding any other section in this 
part, at any

[[Page 71192]]

time after VA issues a decision on a claim, if VA receives or 
associates with the claims file relevant official service department 
records that existed and had not been associated with the claims file 
when VA first decided the claim, VA will reconsider the claim, 
notwithstanding Sec.  5.55. Such records include, but are not limited 
to:
    (1) Service records that are related to a claimed in-service event, 
injury, or disease, regardless of whether such records mention the 
veteran by name, as long as the other requirements of this section are 
met;
    (2) Additional service records forwarded by the Department of 
Defense or the service department to VA any time after VA's original 
request for service records; and
    (3) Declassified records that could not have been obtained because 
the records were classified when VA decided the claim.
    (b) Unobtainable records. Paragraph (a) of this section does not 
apply to records that VA could not have obtained when it decided the 
claim because they did not exist, or because the claimant failed to 
provide sufficient information for VA to identify and obtain the 
records from the service department, the Joint Services Records 
Research Center, or any other official source.
    (c) Effective date. An award made based all or in part on the 
records identified by paragraph (a) of this section is effective on the 
date entitlement arose or the date VA received the previously decided 
claim, whichever is later, or such other date as may be authorized by 
the provisions of this part applicable to the previously decided claim.
    (d) Retroactive disability rating. A retroactive rating of a 
disability subsequently service connected based on new evidence from 
the service department must be supported adequately by medical 
evidence. Where such records clearly support the assignment of a 
specific rating over a part or the entire period of time involved, a 
retroactive rating will be assigned accordingly, except as it may be 
affected by the filing date of the original claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.166  Effective dates for revision of decisions based on 
difference of opinion.

    If VA revises a decision based on difference of opinion under Sec.  
5.163,,the effective date of the revision is the date the benefits 
would have been paid if the previous decision had been favorable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110)

Sec.  5.167  Effective dates for reducing or discontinuing a benefit 
payment, or for severing service connection, based on omission or 
commission, or based on administrative error or error in judgment.

    (a) Scope. This section applies when determining the proper 
effective date to assign for the reduction or discontinuance of payment 
of a benefit, or the severance of service connection, based on error. 
This section does not apply to a payment amount not authorized by a 
rating decision, such as a payment of an incorrect amount or a 
duplicative payment. Such amounts are overpayments, subject to 
recoupment.
    (b) Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of a payment, or 
of severance of service connection, based on beneficiary's act of 
commission or omission. If VA based an award of a benefit, including 
service connection, on an act of commission or omission by the 
beneficiary, or with the beneficiary's knowledge, including, but not 
limited to, an act based on fraud, VA will pay a reduced rate, 
discontinue a benefit, or sever service connection, effective the 
latest of the following dates:
    (1) The effective date of the award;
    (2) The day preceding the act of commission or omission; or
    (3) The date entitlement to the benefit ceased.
    (c) Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of a payment, or 
of severance of service connection, based on VA administrative error or 
error in judgment. Except as provided in Sec.  5.177(d) and (f), if an 
award was based solely on VA administrative error or error in judgment, 
VA will pay a reduced rate or discontinue a benefit, or sever service 
connection,effective the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid the benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(9) and (10))

Sec. Sec.  5.168-5.169  [Reserved]

General Rules on Protection or Reduction of Existing Ratings


Sec.  5.170  Calculation of 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year periods to 
qualify for protection.

    (a) Scope. VA will apply the following principles in determining 
whether service connection has been ``in effect'' for the 10-year 
period in Sec.  5.175 and whether a rating has been ``continuous'' for 
the 5-year period in Sec.  5.171 or the 20-year period in Sec.  5.172.
    (b) A qualifying period for protection of service connection or of 
a disability rating begins on the date the award or grant of benefits 
is effective and ends, after due process has been provided, on the date 
that service connection would be severed or the rating would be 
reduced.
    (c) Veteran reenters active military service. For purposes of 
Sec. Sec.  5.171 and 5.172, a rating is not continuous if benefits 
based on that rating are discontinued or interrupted because the 
veteran reentered active military service.
    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.746, Prohibition against receipt of active 
military service pay and VA benefits for the same period.
    (d) Protected rating during nonreceipt of disability compensation. 
A rating that is continuous for a period listed in paragraph (a) of 
this section is protected even if the beneficiary did not receive VA 
disability compensation based on that rating. This includes a 
beneficiary whose payments were adjusted by deduction, recoupment, 
apportionment, or reduction in disability compensation due to 
incarceration, or because the beneficiary elected to receive retirement 
pay.
    (e) Retroactive increase or award. A retroactive increase in 
benefits or award of service connection, including one made under Sec.  
5.162, which results in a veteran being rated or awarded service 
connection for a period of 5, 10, or 20 years will be protected under 
Sec. Sec.  5.171, 5.175, and 5.172, respectively. This paragraph (e) 
applies to any qualifying period for protection, even if it includes a 
period based on a retroactive award.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 110, 501(a), 1159)

Sec.  5.171  Protection of 5-year stabilized ratings.

    (a) Purpose. VA will adjudicate cases affected by change of medical 
findings or diagnosis to produce the greatest degree of stability of 
disability ratings consistent with the laws and regulations governing 
disability compensation and pension.
    (b) Stabilized rating. For purposes of this section, if VA has 
rated a disability at or above a specific level for 5 years or more, 
then VA will consider it to be stabilized at that level.
    (c) Material improvement. VA will not reduce a stabilized rating 
unless there is evidence of material improvement. VA may reduce a 
stabilized rating if:
    (1) An examination shows material improvement in the disability 
under the ordinary conditions of life, as explained in paragraph (d) of 
this section; and
    (2) The evidence shows that it is reasonably certain that the 
material improvement will be maintained under the ordinary conditions 
of life.
    (d) How VA determines whether there has been material improvement. 
VA will consider the following to determine whether a disability has 
materially improved:

[[Page 71193]]

    (1) Whether examination shows improvement. To be a basis for 
reduction, a medical examination must be as complete as those on which 
payments were authorized or continued and must demonstrate improvement.
    (2) Whether a disease is subject to episodic improvement. VA will 
not reduce the rating of a disease that is subject to temporary or 
episodic improvement on the basis of only one examination unless the 
evidence of record clearly demonstrates sustained improvement. Diseases 
subject to temporary or episodic improvement include, but are not 
limited to:
    (i) Arteriosclerotic heart disease;
    (ii) Bronchial asthma;
    (iii) Epilepsy;
    (iv) Gastric or duodenal ulcer;
    (v) Bipolar disorders or other psychotic reaction;
    (vi) Anxiety disorders; and
    (vii) Many skin diseases.
    (3) Whether apparent improvement is due to bed rest. VA will not 
reduce a stabilized rating of a disease that becomes comparatively 
symptom free (findings absent) after bed rest based on an examination 
that reflects the results of bed rest.
    (4) Whether evidence clearly demonstrates improvement. VA will find 
material improvement only if the evidentiary record clearly 
demonstrates, after full compliance with the procedure outlined in 
paragraph (d) of this section, that the disability does not meet the 
requirements for the current disability rating.
    (5) Whether VA's review is based on a complete medical record. A 
complete medical record includes all of the following elements, if such 
records exist:
    (i) The entire case history;
    (ii) Medical-industrial history;
    (iii) Records related to treatment of intercurrent diseases and 
exacerbations, including, but not limited to, hospital reports, bedside 
examinations, examinations by designated physicians, and examinations 
that reflect the results of tests conducted by laboratory facilities 
and the cooperation of specialists in related lines;
    (iv) Private and VA medical examination records; and
    (v) Special examinations indicated as a result of general 
examination.
    (6) Whether there is a new or changed diagnosis. Where there is 
evidence of a change in diagnosis, VA will follow 38 CFR 4.13 (Effect 
of change of diagnosis), as well as this section. VA will consider 
whether evidence of a change in diagnosis represents a progression of 
the previously diagnosed condition, an error in prior diagnosis, or a 
disease entity independent of the service-connected disability. When a 
new diagnosis reflects only a mental deficiency or personality 
disorder, VA will consider the possibility of temporary remission of a 
super-imposed psychiatric disease.
    (e) Reexamination following a change in diagnosis. If VA cannot 
determine whether evidence of a change in diagnosis represents a 
progression of the previously diagnosed condition, an error in prior 
diagnosis, or a disease entity independent of the service-connected 
disability after considering the evidence as described in paragraphs 
(c) and (d) of this section, VA will continue the assigned rating. VA 
will cite the former diagnosis with the new diagnosis, if any, in 
parentheses, with a notation that the rating will be continued pending 
reexamination, to be conducted on a date to be determined on the basis 
of the facts of each individual case.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.102, concerning VA criteria for scheduling 
reexaminations.


Sec.  5.172  Protection of continuous 20-year ratings.

    (a) Disability compensation rating. If VA has rated a disability at 
or above a specific level for 20 years, then VA may not reduce the 
rating below such level unless the rating was based on fraud.
    (b) Pension rating. VA will not reduce a permanent total disability 
rating for pension purposes that VA has continuously provided for 20 or 
more years unless the rating was based on fraud.
    (c) Effect of election regarding receipt of disability 
compensation. The provisions of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section 
apply regardless of whether the veteran elects to receive disability 
compensation or pension during all or any part of the 20-year period.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 110)


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''; 
5.164, Standard of proof for reducing or discontinuing a benefit 
payment or for severing service connection based on a beneficiary's act 
of commission or omission.


Sec.  5.173  Protection against reduction of disability rating when VA 
revises the Schedule for Rating Disabilities.

    VA will not apply a revision of the schedule for rating 
disabilities to reduce a disability rating existing on the effective 
date of the revision unless medical evidence establishes that the 
disability has actually improved.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1155)

Sec.  5.174  Protection of entitlement to benefits established before 
1959.

    (a) Persons in receipt of or entitled to receive benefits on 
December 31, 1958. Any person receiving or entitled to receive benefits 
under any public law administered by VA on December 31, 1958, may 
continue to receive such benefits as long as the conditions warranting 
the payment under those laws continue, unless there was fraud, clear 
and unmistakable error of fact or law, or misrepresentation of material 
facts. VA will pay the greater benefit under the previous law or the 
corresponding current section of title 38 U.S.C. in the absence of an 
election to receive the lesser benefit.

(Authority: Pub. L. 85-857, 72 Stat. 1105)


    (b) Service connection established under prior laws. Awards of 
service connection and the rate of disability compensation paid under 
prior laws repealed by Public Law 85-56 are protected, provided that 
the conditions warranting such status and rate continue and the award 
was not based on fraud, misrepresentation of facts, or clear and 
unmistakable error. With respect to such protected awards, VA may grant 
disability compensation and special monthly compensation under current 
law if such award would result in disability compensation payment at a 
rate equal to or higher than that payable on December 31, 1957. Where a 
changed physical condition warrants re-rating of service-connected 
disabilities, the amounts of disability compensation and special 
monthly compensation will be determined under 38 U.S.C. 1114.

(Authority: Pub. L. 85-86, 71 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 85-857, 72 Stat. 
1105)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.175  Severance of service connection.

    (a) Protected service connection. (1) VA may not sever service 
connection that has been in effect for 10 years or more unless evidence 
shows that:
    (i) The original grant was obtained by fraud; or
    (ii) It is clear from military records that the person identified 
as a veteran did not have the requisite qualifying military service or 
the veteran's discharge from service is of a type to preclude service 
connection as described in Sec.  5.30.
    (2) The protection afforded in this section applies to 
determinations of service connection that were the basis for grants of 
entitlement to dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), and to 
disability compensation or DIC granted under 38 U.S.C. 1151.

[[Page 71194]]

    (b) Standard of proof to sever service connection--general rule. 
(1) VA will sever service connection if evidence establishes that it is 
clearly and unmistakably erroneous (the burden of proof being upon VA), 
except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. Severance under 
this paragraph (b) is subject to Sec. Sec.  5.152 and 5.83(a) 
(regarding due process procedures).
    (2) A change in diagnosis may be accepted as a basis for severance 
of service connection if the examining physician or physicians or other 
proper medical authority certifies that, in the light of all 
accumulated evidence, the diagnosis that was the basis of the award of 
service connection is clearly erroneous. This certification must be 
accompanied by a summary of the facts, findings, and reasons supporting 
the conclusion that the diagnosis is erroneous.
    (c) Standard of proof to sever service connection--fraud. See Sec.  
5.164, for standard of proof to sever service connection for act of 
commission or omission; see Sec.  5.83(a), for due process procedures 
for severing service connection.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1159, 5104)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.176  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.177  Effective dates for reducing or discontinuing a benefit 
payment or for severing service connection.

    (a) Suspended awards. If an award has been suspended and it is 
determined that no additional payments are in order, VA will 
discontinue the award effective the first day of the month after the 
month for which VA last paid benefits.
    (b) Running awards. If an award is running, VA will discontinue the 
award effective as appropriate under paragraphs (c) through (h) of this 
section.
    (c) Severance of service connection. Unless severance is based on 
the beneficiary's act of commission or omission that resulted in VA's 
grant of benefits, this paragraph applies if VA severs service 
connection. In such cases, two 60-day periods apply. After applying the 
60-day notice period described in Sec.  5.83, VA will apply a second 
60-day period which begins on the day VA sends notice to the 
beneficiary of the final decision. VA will sever service connection 
effective the first day of the month after the second 60-day period. 
See Sec.  5.167 for effective date of severance of service connection 
obtained by fraud.
    (d) Character of discharge or line of duty. This paragraph (d) 
applies if VA discontinues benefits based on a determination as to 
character of discharge or line of duty. In such cases, two 60-day 
periods apply. After applying the 60-day notice period described in 
Sec.  5.83(a), VA will apply a second 60-day period which begins on the 
day VA sends notice to the beneficiary of the final decision. VA will 
discontinue benefits effective the first day of the month after the 
second 60-day period.
    (e) Disability compensation. This paragraph (e) applies if VA 
reduces or discontinues disability compensation because of a change in 
service-connected disability or employability status. In such cases, 
two 60-day periods apply. After applying the 60-day notice period 
described in Sec.  5.83(a), VA will apply a second 60-day period which 
begins on the day VA sends notice to the beneficiary of the final 
decision. VA will pay a reduced rate or discontinue disability 
compensation effective the first day of the month after the second 60-
day period.
    (f) Pension. This paragraph (f) applies if VA reduces or 
discontinues pension payments because of a change in disability or 
employability status. In such cases, VA will reduce the rate or 
discontinue pension effective the first day of the month after notice 
to the beneficiary of the final decision.
    (g) Chapter 18 monetary allowance. If, after providing the 60-day 
notice period described in Sec.  5.83(a), VA reduces or discontinues 
chapter 18 monetary allowance, it will apply the effective date 
provision in Sec.  5.591(b)(5).
    (h) Other. The effective dates of reductions or discontinuances not 
listed in this section will be as stated in the sections listed in the 
table in Sec.  5.705.
    (i) Exceptions. This section does not apply if the reduction or 
discontinuance involves:
    (1) A change in law or a VA administrative issue or a change in 
interpretation of law or VA issue; if so, apply Sec.  5.152;
    (2) An award that was erroneous due to an act of commission or 
omission by the beneficiary or with the beneficiary's knowledge; if so, 
apply Sec.  5.167(b), regarding effective dates for reducing or 
discontinuing a benefit payment, or for severing service connection, 
based on commission or omission, or based on administrative error or 
error in judgment; or
    (3) An award that was based solely on administrative error or an 
error in judgment by VA; if so, apply Sec.  5.166. However, this 
paragraph (i)(3) does not apply to severance of service connection 
under paragraph (c) of this section or to reduction of disability 
compensation under paragraph (e) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1110, 1131, 1117, 5112)

Sec. Sec.  5.178-5.179  [Reserved]

Subpart D--Dependents and Survivors

General Dependency Provisions


Sec.  5.180  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.181  Evidence needed to establish a dependent.

    (a) Scope. This section describes general types of evidence used to 
establish the existence of a dependent.
    (b) Using a statement to establish a dependent. Except as provided 
in paragraph (c) of this section, VA will accept a claimant's or 
beneficiary's statement as sufficient proof of marriage, termination of 
marriage, or birth of a child. The statement must contain all of the 
following information, if applicable:
    (1) The date (month, day, and year) and place (city and state, or 
country if outside of a state) of the:
    (i) Marriage;
    (ii) Marriage termination; or
    (iii) Birth;
    (2) The full name of the person whose dependency is asserted, and 
the person's relationship to the claimant;
    (3) The Social Security number of the person whose dependency is 
asserted; and
    (4) The name and address of the person who has custody of any child 
whose dependency is asserted, if the child does not reside with the 
claimant.
    (c) When a statement alone is not sufficient. VA will require 
additional supporting evidence to establish a veteran's marital status 
or a parent/natural child relationship, as set forth in Sec. Sec.  
5.192(c), 5.193, 5.221, 5.229, and 5.500, if any of the following 
factors are true:
    (1) The statement does not contain all of the applicable 
information required by paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section;
    (2) The claimant or beneficiary does not reside in a State;
    (3) VA questions the accuracy of all or part of the statement;
    (4) The statement conflicts with other evidence in the record; or
    (5) There is a reasonable indication, either in the statement or in 
other evidence in the record, of fraud or misrepresentation of the 
relationship in question.
    (d) Photocopies accepted. If VA is satisfied that photocopies are 
authentic and free from alteration, then VA will accept them to 
establish birth, death,

[[Page 71195]]

marriage, or relationship under this section, or to prove a change in 
dependency under Sec.  5.182. Otherwise, VA may require certified 
copies of documents from the custodian of the documents, bearing the 
custodian's signature and official seal.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5124)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``custody of a 
child,'' ``fraud,'' and ``State.''


Sec.  5.182  Change in status of dependents.

    (a) Beneficiary's duty to report. A beneficiary must provide VA a 
statement containing the details of any change in dependency that could 
lead to a reduction or discontinuance of benefits. The beneficiary must 
report the date (month, day, and year) and place (city and state, or 
country if outside of a state) of any of the following events:
    (1) Marriage;
    (2) Annulment of marriage;
    (3) Divorce;
    (4) Death of a dependent; or
    (5) Change in status of a living child affecting his or her status 
as a dependent.
    (b) Evidence of changes. VA will accept a beneficiary's statement 
of a change in the status of a dependent under this section as proof of 
the change if VA has no information contradicting the statement. 
Otherwise, VA will require additional proof regarding the matter as 
specified elsewhere in subpart D.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.104, ``Certifying continuing eligibility 
to receive benefits


Sec.  5.183  Effective date of award of benefits for a dependent.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section, the effective date of the award of benefits for a dependent is 
the date the claimant or beneficiary informs VA of the existence of the 
dependent, subject to the following conditions:
    (1) Additional evidence. If VA requests additional evidence based 
on the information of the existence of the dependent, the claimant or 
beneficiary must provide such evidence no later than 1 year after VA's 
request. If the claimant or beneficiary provides the requested evidence 
more than 1 year after VA's request, the effective date of the 
establishment of a dependent on the claimant's or beneficiary's award 
will be the date VA receives such evidence.
    (2) Date of dependency. No award will be effective before the date 
dependency arose.
    (3) Date of original claim. No award will be effective before the 
date of an original claim for benefits or the date of a claim for 
increased benefits.
    (b) Specific applications and exceptions. In the following 
circumstances, and subject to paragraphs (a)(1), (2), and (3) of this 
section, the effective date of an award for a dependent will be:
    (1) Marriage. The date of marriage, if VA receives information 
about the marriage no later than 1 year after the event.
    (2) Birth. The date of the birth of a child, if VA receives 
information about the birth no later than 1 year after the event.
    (3) Adoption. For an adoption, the earliest of the following dates, 
as applicable, if VA receives information about the adoption no later 
than 1 year after the adoption:
    (i) The date of the adoption placement agreement;
    (ii) The date of the interlocutory (temporary) adoption decree; or
    (iii) The date of the final adoption decree.
    (4) Date of qualifying disability rating. The effective date of the 
qualifying disability rating, if VA receives information of the 
dependency no later than 1 year after the date VA sent notice of the 
rating action to the claimant or beneficiary.
    (5) Date of original award. The same day as the effective date of 
the original award of benefits other than benefits for a dependent, if:
    (i) Benefits for a dependent are claimed on the same benefit 
application used to file the claim for the original award of benefits; 
or
    (ii) VA receives information to establish a dependent no later than 
1 year after the effective date of the original award of benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5103(b), 5110(a), (f), (n))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.235, Effective date of an award of 
benefits due to termination of a child's marriage.


Sec.  5.184  Effective date of reduction or discontinuance based on 
changes in dependency status.

    Except for Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension, the effective 
date of a reduction or discontinuance based on an event that changes 
the status of a dependent will be determined as follows:
    (a) Change in dependency due to death, divorce, or annulment. VA 
will pay a reduced rate or discontinue benefits effective the first day 
of the month after the month in which the death occurred or in which 
the divorce or annulment became effective.
    (b) Change due to marriage, remarriage, or beginning of inferred 
marital relationship. See Sec. Sec.  5.197 and 5.203(b)(2).
    (c) Changes in status of child dependents. The effective date of a 
reduction or discontinuance based on changes in child status will be 
determined as follows:
    (1) Child reaches age 18 or 23. See Sec.  5.231.
    (2) Child no longer qualifies as adopted child. See Sec.  5.232.
    (3) Stepchild leaves veteran's household. See Sec.  5.233.
    (4) Child no longer permanently incapable of self support. See 
Sec.  5.234.
    (d) Effective date of reduction or discontinuance based on change 
in status. Notwithstanding any other section of this part, if VA cannot 
determine the month, day, and year of an event that changes the status 
of a dependent, then VA will reduce or discontinue benefits effective 
the first day of the month after the month VA last paid benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(2))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.477, Effective dates of reductions and 
discontinuances of Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension.


Sec. Sec.  5.185-5.190  [Reserved]

Marriage, Divorce, and Annulment


Sec.  5.191  Marriages VA recognizes as valid.

    A valid marriage for VA purposes is one between persons of the 
opposite sex that was:
    (a) Valid under the law of the place where the persons lived at the 
time of the marriage;
    (b) Valid under the law of the place where the persons lived at the 
time entitlement to benefits arose; or
    (c) Deemed valid under Sec.  5.200, for claims involving a 
surviving spouse.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(31), 103(c))

Sec.  5.192  Evidence of marriage.

    (a) Scope. This section describes the evidence of marriage VA will 
accept when supplementary evidence is required in addition to the 
statement described in Sec.  5.181(b).
    (b) Evidence of a valid marriage. VA will accept evidence as 
prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section as proof of a valid 
marriage under Sec.  5.191, unless there is contrary evidence of 
record. If either party to the marriage was previously married, the 
claimant or beneficiary must provide VA with a certified statement of 
the date, place, and circumstances under which any prior marriage 
ended.
    (c) Acceptable evidence of marriage. In order to prove a valid 
marriage, a

[[Page 71196]]

claimant must file a statement as prescribed in Sec.  5.181. If the 
statement is insufficient under Sec.  5.181(c), VA will accept as 
additional supporting evidence the first of the following items that is 
obtainable; VA will not accept a lower item unless it is established 
that the items listed above it are unobtainable:
    (1) A copy or abstract of the public record of marriage, or a copy 
of the church or other religious-context record of marriage. The copy 
or abstract must include the names of the persons married, the date and 
place of the marriage, and the number of any prior marriages if shown 
on the official record.
    (2) An official report from the service department if the veteran 
is a party to the marriage and the marriage took place during the 
veteran's military service.
    (3) An affidavit from the official or clergyman who performed the 
ceremony.
    (4) The original marriage certificate if VA is satisfied that it is 
genuine and free from alteration.
    (5) The affidavits or certified statements of two or more 
eyewitnesses to the ceremony.
    (6) For informal or common-law marriages in jurisdictions where 
marriages other than by ceremony are recognized:
    (i) A copy of the State's acknowledgement of registration, if the 
State has a procedure for registering informal or common-law marriages; 
or
    (ii) The affidavit or certified statement of one of the parties to 
the marriage, giving all the facts and circumstances concerning the 
marriage. This includes details of the agreement made by the parties at 
the time they began living together, the length of time in months and 
years they have lived together, the location of each residence and the 
dates the parties lived there, and whether a child was born of the 
relationship. Such affidavits or certified statements must be 
accompanied by affidavits or certified statements from two or more 
persons who know from personal observation the relationship that 
existed between the parties. The affidavits or statements of these 
persons must include when the parties lived together, the places of the 
parties' residence, whether they referred to themselves as married in 
the communities they lived in, and whether those communities generally 
accepted them as being married.
    (7) Any other evidence that would reasonably allow a VA 
decisionmaker to conclude that a valid marriage did occur.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(c), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``certified 
statement,'' ``child born of the marriage,'' and ``State.'' Sec.  
5.200, Surviving spouse: requirement of valid marriage to veteran.


Sec.  5.193  Proof of marriage termination where evidence is in 
conflict or termination is contested.

    If there is conflicting evidence of record regarding marriage 
termination, or the evidence of record is contested by an interested 
party, a claimant must file a statement under Sec.  5.181. If the 
statement is insufficient under Sec.  5.181(c), VA will accept as 
additional supporting evidence any of the following items:
    (a) Proof of the former spouse's death;
    (b) Proof of divorce as specified in Sec.  5.194(b) or (c), as 
applicable; or
    (c) A court-certified copy of the final decree of annulment or a 
court-certified abstract of such a decree.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.194  Acceptance of divorce decrees.

    (a) General rule. (1) VA will accept as valid a divorce decree that 
is regular (proper) on its face unless its validity is challenged by 
either of the following persons:
    (i) One of the parties named in the divorce decree; or
    (ii) Any person whose entitlement to benefits would be affected if 
VA recognizes the decree as valid.
    (2) In case of such a challenge, VA will make an independent 
decision about the validity of the divorce decree based on the criteria 
in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, as applicable.
    (b) Challenged divorce decree--party to the divorce has not 
remarried. If a person whose divorce decree is challenged has not 
remarried, VA will accept the divorce decree as valid if all the 
following conditions are met:
    (1) The person who obtained the divorce had a permanent residence 
in the place where the divorce decree was issued;
    (2) The person satisfied all the legal requirements for obtaining a 
divorce in the place in which the divorce decree was issued; and
    (3) VA has the original divorce decree, a court-certified copy of 
the original decree, or a court-certified abstract of the original 
decree.
    (c) Challenged divorce decree--party to the divorce has remarried--
(1) General rule. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section, if the issue is whether a remarried person is validly divorced 
from a prior spouse, then VA will accept the validity of the challenged 
divorce decree if either:
    (i) The law of the place where the parties were living when they 
were married recognizes the validity of the divorce decree; or
    (ii) The law of the place where the parties were living when the 
right to benefits arose recognizes the validity of the divorce decree.
    (2) Foreign decree granted to residents of a State. If the issue is 
whether a remarried person's foreign divorce is valid, VA will accept 
the validity of the challenged divorce decree if both of the following 
conditions are met:
    (i) The law of the State in which the persons lived at the time 
they obtained the divorce decree recognizes the decree as valid; and
    (ii) No court of last resort has found the divorce decree invalid 
in the places where the persons lived when they were married or when 
the right to benefits arose.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(c), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State.''


Sec.  5.195  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.196  Void or annulled marriages.

    (a) Void marriage. (1) General rule. A marriage is void if at least 
one party to the marriage did not meet the legal requirements for 
entering into the marriage at the time the marriage took place. 
Examples of void marriages include marriages in which at least one 
party was already married and marriages in which at least one party did 
not meet the minimum age requirement for marriage. VA Regional Counsel 
will determine whether a marriage is void under the law of the place 
that governs the validity of the marriage's. See Sec.  5.191.
    (2) Evidence. To establish that a marriage was void, VA must 
receive a certified statement from the claimant or beneficiary 
describing the facts that made the marriage void. VA may require the 
claimant or beneficiary to file additional evidence as the individual 
circumstances may require. See Sec.  5.1 for the definition of 
``certified statement''.
    (b) Annulled marriage. To establish that a marriage has been 
annulled, VA must receive a copy or abstract of the court's annulment 
decree. VA will accept the decree as valid unless one of the following 
conditions applies:
    (1) The copy or abstract of the decree discloses irregularities;
    (2) VA has reason to question the court's authority to issue the 
annulment decree; or
    (3) There is evidence to show that the annulment might have been 
obtained by fraud of either party or by collusion of the parties.

[[Page 71197]]


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(c), (d), (e), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``certified 
statement'', and Sec.  5.1 for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.197  Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of Improved 
Pension, disability compensation, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation due to marriage or remarriage.

    When a reduction or discontinuance of Improved Pension, disability 
compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation is required 
based on marriage or remarriage, VA will pay the reduced rate or 
discontinue benefits as follows:
    (a) Beneficiary or apportionee. VA will pay the reduced rate or 
discontinue benefits effective the first day of the month in which the 
marriage or remarriage of a beneficiary or apportionee occurred.
    (b) Dependent of a beneficiary. VA will pay the reduced rate or 
discontinue benefits effective the first day of the month after the 
month in which the marriage or remarriage of a dependent of a 
beneficiary occurred.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(1), 5112(b)(2))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.477, Effective dates of reductions and 
discontinuances of Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension.


Sec. Sec. 5.198-5.199  [Reserved]

Surviving Spouse Status


Sec.  5.200  Surviving spouse: requirement of valid marriage to 
veteran.

    (a) Surviving-spouse status. To qualify as a surviving spouse, a 
person must satisfy one or the other of the following sets of 
requirements:
    (1) The requirements of Sec.  5.191; or
    (2) The requirements of paragraph (b) of this section
    (b) Marriages deemed valid. For purposes of entitlement to death 
benefits, VA will deem valid an attempted marriage between a veteran 
and a person for or by whom surviving-spouse status is sought (``the 
person'') if all of the following criteria are met:
    (1) There must have been an attempt at legal marriage. The person 
must have attempted to marry the veteran, and must have believed that a 
valid marriage resulted. The marriage must have endured continuously 
for at least 1 year immediately preceding, and including, the date of 
the veteran's death, unless a child was born of or before the marriage. 
If a child was born of or before the marriage, then the marriage may 
have been of any duration.
    (2) No knowledge of legal impediment. VA will accept as true a 
signed statement from the person indicating that he or she had no 
knowledge of a legal impediment at the time of the attempted marriage. 
VA will accept the statement as true if the person files evidence of 
the attempted marriage acceptable under Sec.  5.192(c) satisfies the 
other requirements in this section, and there is no contradictory 
evidence. VA will apply the following guidelines to determine whether a 
person had knowledge of a legal impediment:
    (i) Only the person's knowledge at the time of the attempted 
marriage, but not knowledge acquired after the marriage, is relevant.
    (ii) Legal impediments include, but are not limited to:
    (A) One of the parties being underage;
    (B) One of the parties lacking mental capacity to contract 
marriage;
    (C) The parties being too closely related to marry under state law;
    (D) Failing to comply with procedural prerequisites under State 
law, such as obtaining a blood test or marriage license, or fulfilling 
a length-of-residence requirement;
    (E) One of the parties having a prior undissolved marriage at the 
time of the attempted marriage; or
    (F) In a jurisdiction that does not recognize common-law marriages, 
the parties' failing to marry through a marriage ceremony.
    (iii) If the person files a signed statement that he or she had no 
knowledge of the impediment to the marriage but there is evidence 
showing otherwise, VA will not deem the marriage valid.
    (3) Continuous cohabitation. The person lived continuously with the 
veteran from the day of the marriage to the day of the veteran's death. 
See Sec.  5.201(b).
    (4) No surviving spouse. There is no surviving spouse, as defined 
in Sec.  5.201, who has filed a claim for death benefits, and whom VA 
has determined is entitled to such benefits. However, a surviving 
spouse's entitlement to accrued benefits does not prevent another 
claimant from being considered the veteran's surviving spouse through a 
marriage deemed valid under this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(a), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''. Sec.  
5.432, Deemed valid marriages and contested claims for Improved Death 
Pension.


Sec.  5.201  Surviving spouse: requirements for relationship with the 
veteran.

    (a) Definition. Except as provided in Sec.  5.203, a surviving 
spouse is a person who meets all of the following requirements:
    (1) The person was married to the veteran at the time of the 
veteran's death;
    (2) The marriage was valid under Sec.  5.191; and
    (3) The person ``lived continuously'' with the veteran under 
paragraph (b) of this section, from the date of marriage to the date of 
the veteran's death.
    (b) Lived continuously. The following considerations apply when 
determining whether a person lived continuously, also referred to in 
this part as continuous cohabitation, with a veteran:
    (1) Whether there was more than one marriage to the veteran. If a 
surviving spouse has been legally married to the same veteran more than 
once, VA will use the date of the original marriage to decide whether 
the surviving spouse has met the marriage date requirements.
    (2) Whether the person was at fault in the separation--(i) 
Criteria. Even if the veteran and the person separated during the 
marriage, the continuous cohabitation requirement of paragraph (a)(2) 
of this section is met if:
    (A) The person was not at fault in causing the separation; and
    (B) The veteran brought about the separation or the veteran's 
misconduct caused the separation.
    (ii) When misconduct occurred. In determining who was at fault in 
causing the separation, VA will consider the veteran's and the other 
person's misconduct at the time of the separation, but not misconduct 
after the separation.
    (3) Whether a separation was by mutual consent. VA will not 
consider a separation to have broken the continuity of cohabitation if 
the evidence shows it was by mutual consent for a purpose such as the 
convenience, health, or business of one or both persons in the 
marriage, and the person had no intent to desert the veteran or abandon 
the marriage.
    (4) Whether a separation with estrangement was temporary. A 
separation with estrangement occurring during the course of the 
marriage, regardless of who is at fault, does not break the continuity 
of cohabitation if the parties are no longer estranged at the time of 
the veteran's death.
    (5) Whether evidence contradicts the statement. VA will accept the 
person's statement explaining the reason for the separation from the 
veteran in the absence of contradictory evidence.
    (6) State law not controlling. State laws do not control VA's 
determination whether separation has resulted from desertion. VA will, 
however, consider findings of fact made in court decisions

[[Page 71198]]

dealing with this issue that were made during the lifetime of the 
veteran.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(3), 103(d)(3), 501(a), 5110(a), 
5112(b)(1))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.202  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.203  Effect of remarriage on a surviving spouse's benefits.

    (a) General rule. VA will not recognize a person as the surviving 
spouse of a veteran if either of the following is true:
    (1) The person has remarried. In determining eligibility for 
benefits, VA will accept the decision of a Federal court that a person 
has not remarried if the decision was in a case to which the U.S. 
Government was a party.
    (2) The person has held himself or herself out to the public as the 
spouse of another person as described in paragraph (b) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(3))


    (b) Holding oneself out as a spouse--(1) General rule. For purposes 
of this part, a person has held himself or herself out as the spouse of 
another person if, after September 19, 1962, and after the death of the 
veteran, the person:
    (i) Lived with a person of the opposite sex; and
    (ii) Held himself or herself out to the public, through a pattern 
or course of conduct, as the spouse of that person.
    (2) Effective date of discontinuance of benefits to a surviving 
spouse who holds himself or herself out as the spouse of another 
person. If a surviving spouse holds himself or herself out as the 
spouse of another person, then VA will discontinue that surviving 
spouse's benefits effective the first day of the month that the 
inferred marital relationship began.
    (3) Effective date of resumption of dependency and indemnity 
compensation to a surviving spouse who stops holding himself or herself 
out as the spouse of another. If a surviving spouse no longer holds 
himself or herself out as the spouse of another, and he or she files a 
claim for dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), then VA will 
resume benefits effective the later of:
    (i) The date the surviving spouse no longer held himself or herself 
out under paragraph (b)(1) of this section; or
    (ii) The date VA receives a claim for benefits from the surviving 
spouse.
    (c) Remarriages that do not preclude status as a surviving spouse. 
Remarriage will not prevent VA from recognizing a person as a surviving 
spouse if the remarriage was either:
    (1) Void (see Sec.  5.196); or
    (2) Annulled by a court having authority to annul the marriage, 
unless VA determines that the annulment was obtained through fraud by 
either party or by collusion of the parties.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(d)(1))


    (d) Reinstatement of eligibility for benefits for a surviving 
spouse who, because of remarriage, may have been ineligible for 
benefits under laws in effect before January 1, 1971, and whose 
remarriage ended before November 1, 1990. After December 31, 1970, none 
of the following elements will prevent a surviving spouse who may have 
been ineligible for benefits under laws in effect before January 1, 
1971, because of remarriage, from receiving benefits:
    (1) Remarriage that ended by death before November 1, 1990;
    (2) Remarriage that ended by divorce provided that proceedings 
began before November 1, 1990, unless VA determines that the divorce 
was obtained through fraud by the surviving spouse or by collusion of 
the parties;
    (3) Remarriage that was dissolved by a court with authority to 
render divorce decrees in legal proceedings begun by the surviving 
spouse before November 1, 1990, unless VA determines that the divorce 
was obtained through fraud by the surviving spouse or by collusion of 
the parties; or
    (4) The surviving spouse has held himself or herself out as the 
spouse of another person, if competent, credible evidence shows that 
the surviving spouse stopped living with that person and holding 
himself or herself out as that person's spouse before November 1, 1990. 
Such evidence may consist of the surviving spouse's certified statement 
of the fact.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a); Sec. 4, Pub. L. 91-376, 84 Stat. 789; 
Sec. 8004, Pub. L. 101-508, 104 Stat. 1388-343; Sec. 502, Pub. L. 
102-86, 105 Stat. 424; Sec. 103, Pub. L. 102-568, 106 Stat. 4322)


    (e) Reinstatement of eligibility for DIC for a surviving spouse 
who, because of remarriage, may have been ineligible for DIC under laws 
in effect before June 9, 1998--(1) Termination of remarriage. None of 
the following elements will prevent a surviving spouse who may have 
been ineligible for DIC under laws in effect before June 9, 1998, 
because of remarriage, from receiving benefits:
    (i) Remarriage ended by death;
    (ii) Remarriage ended by divorce, unless VA determines that the 
divorce was obtained through fraud by the surviving spouse or by 
collusion of the parties; or
    (iii) The surviving spouse has held himself or herself out as the 
spouse of another person, if competent, credible evidence shows that 
the surviving spouse stopped living with that person and holding 
himself or herself out as that person's spouse. Such evidence may 
consist of the surviving spouse's certified statement of the fact.
    (2) Limitation. No payment may be made under this paragraph (e) for 
any period before October 1, 1998.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(d)(2); Sec. 8207, Pub. L. 105-178, 112 
Stat. 495)


    (f) Remarriages after age 57. (1) A surviving spouse's remarriage 
after reaching age 57 will not prevent the surviving spouse from 
receiving DIC if the surviving spouse remarried after December 15, 
2003.
    (2) No payment may be made under this paragraph (f) for any period 
before January 1, 2004.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(d)(2)(B); Sec. 101, Pub. L. 108-183, 117 
Stat. 2652)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``competent 
evidence'' and Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.204  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.205  Effective date of resumption of benefits to a surviving 
spouse due to termination of a remarriage.

    (a) Void remarriage. The effective date of an award resumed because 
a surviving spouse's remarriage is void is the later of the following 
dates:
    (1) The date the surviving spouse and the other person stopped 
living together; or
    (2) The date VA receives a claim from the surviving spouse for 
resumption of benefits.
    (b) Annulment. The effective date of an award resumed because a 
surviving spouse's remarriage is annulled is:
    (1) The date the annulment became effective, if the surviving 
spouse files a claim for resumption of benefits no later than 1 year 
after that date; or
    (2) The date VA receives a claim for resumption of benefits, if the 
surviving spouse files a claim for resumption of benefits more than 1 
year after the date the annulment became effective.
    (c) Divorce. The effective date of an award resumed because a 
surviving spouse's remarriage ends in divorce, provided the surviving 
spouse meets the requirements for reinstatement of Sec.  5.203(d) or 
(e) is:
    (1) The date the divorce became effective if the surviving spouse 
files a claim for resumption of benefits no later than 1 year after 
that date; or
    (2) The date VA receives a claim for resumption of benefits, if the 
surviving spouse files a claim for resumption of benefits more than 1 
year after the date the divorce became effective.

[[Page 71199]]

    (d) Death. The effective date of an award resumed because a 
surviving spouse's remarriage ends due to a death, provided the 
surviving spouse meets the requirements of Sec.  5.203(c) or (d) is:
    (1) The date of death, if the surviving spouse files a claim for 
resumption of benefits no later than 1 year after that date; or
    (2) The date VA receives a claim for resumption of benefits, if the 
surviving spouse files a claim for resumption of benefits more than 1 
year after the date of death.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a), (k), (l))

Sec. Sec.  5.206-5.219  [Reserved]

Child Status


Sec.  5.220  Status as a child for benefit purposes.

    A person must meet the following criteria to be recognized as a 
child of the veteran for benefit purposes:
    (a) Marital status. The person must be unmarried, except as 
provided in Sec.  5.228.
    (b) Age. The person must be under 18 years of age, unless either of 
the following is true:
    (1) The person, before reaching 18 years of age, became permanently 
incapable of self-support because of physical or mental disability (see 
Sec.  5.227); or
    (2) The person is under 23 years of age and is pursuing a course of 
instruction at an educational institution approved by VA. For purposes 
of this section, the term educational institution means a permanent 
organization that offers courses of instruction to a group of students 
who meet its enrollment criteria. The term includes schools, colleges, 
academies, seminaries, technical institutes, and universities. The term 
also includes home schools that operate in compliance with the 
compulsory attendance laws of the States in which they are located, 
whether treated as private schools or home schools under State law. The 
term home schools is limited to courses of instruction for grades 
kindergarten through 12.
    (c) Relationship. The person must bear one of the following 
relationships to the veteran:
    (1) Natural child. A natural child.
    (2) Stepchild. A stepchild who became a stepchild under 
circumstances described in Sec.  5.226.
    (3) Adopted child. A person who was adopted by:
    (i) The veteran's surviving spouse after the veteran's death under 
circumstances described in Sec.  5.223;
    (ii) The veteran before the person reached 18 years of age;
    (iii) The veteran and became permanently incapable of self-support 
before reaching 18 years of age and was a member of the veteran's 
household at the time he or she became 18 years of age; or
    (iv) The veteran before the person reached 23 years of age, and who 
is pursuing a course of instruction as described in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section.
    (d) Child enters active duty. A person who is a child of the 
veteran under paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section will not lose 
that status because the person enters active duty.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4)(A), 104, 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''. Sec.  
5.222, Evidence to establish an adopted child relationship.


Sec.  5.221  Evidence to establish a parent/natural child relationship.

    (a) Parents married at date of child's birth. If additional 
evidence of relationship is required under Sec.  5.181 and the parents 
were married to each other at the time of the child's birth, a claimant 
or beneficiary may prove a parent/natural child relationship as 
follows:
    (1) Mother. Any of the evidence described in Sec.  5.229 that shows 
a mother/natural child relationship may be used to establish such a 
relationship.
    (2) Father. Any of the evidence described in Sec.  5.229 that shows 
a father/natural child relationship may be used to establish such a 
relationship. If the evidence does not show that the man married to the 
child's mother when the child was born is the child's father, or shows 
a different man may be the child's father, then VA will evaluate the 
facts, request any necessary evidence and information, and then make a 
determination concerning the child's paternity.
    (b) Parents unmarried at date of child's birth. If additional 
evidence of relationship is required under Sec.  5.181, and the parents 
were not married to each other at the time of the child's birth, a 
claimant or beneficiary may prove a parent/natural child relationship 
as follows:
    (1) Mother. Any of the evidence described in Sec.  5.229 that shows 
a mother/natural child relationship may be used to establish such a 
relationship.
    (2) Father. In order to prove a father/natural child relationship, 
a claimant must file a statement under Sec.  5.181. If the statement is 
insufficient under Sec.  5.181(c), VA will accept as additional 
supporting evidence the first of the following items that is 
obtainable; VA will not accept a lower item unless it is established 
that the items listed above it are unobtainable:
    (i) A man's statement in writing and signed by him acknowledging 
himself as the natural father of the child;
    (ii) Evidence showing that a specific man has been identified as 
the child's father by judicial decree; or
    (iii) Other competent evidence showing that a child is the natural 
child of a specific man, including any of the following evidence:
    (A) A copy of the public record of birth or a religious-context 
record documenting the birth of the child (such as a church record of 
baptism), showing that a specific man was the informant and was named 
as the father of the child;
    (B) Statements from persons who know that a specific man accepted 
the child as his own; or
    (C) Service department records or public records, such as records 
from schools or welfare agencies, showing that, with his knowledge, a 
specific man was named as the child's father.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``competent 
evidence''.


Sec.  5.222  Evidence to establish an adopted child relationship.

    This section states how to establish an adopted child relationship. 
A claimant or beneficiary cannot establish an adopted child 
relationship with a statement alone. See also Sec.  5.220(c)(3). VA 
will require the first type of evidence listed in this section as proof 
of this status, if obtainable. If this type of evidence is 
unobtainable, then the relationship may still be proven by the next 
type of obtainable evidence listed.
    (a) A final adoption decree.
    (b) A revised birth certificate showing the child as the child of 
the adopting parent in cases where release of adoption documents or 
information is prohibited or requires petition to a court, such as 
records sealed by a court.
    (c) An interlocutory adoption decree, provided that the decree has 
not been rescinded or superseded and the child remains in the custody 
of the adopting parent during the interlocutory period.
    (d) An adoption placement agreement between the adopting parent and 
an agency authorized by law to arrange adoptions. VA will recognize 
such an agreement for the duration of its term, provided that the 
adopting parent maintains custody of the child.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.

[[Page 71200]]

Sec.  5.223  Child adopted after a veteran's death.

    (a) Evidence. This section states how to establish that a surviving 
spouse adopted a child after a veteran's death. This section states the 
requirements to establish that a child a veteran's surviving spouse 
adopted after the veteran's death is the veteran's child. A surviving 
spouse cannot establish a veteran/adopted child relationship with a 
statement alone. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, VA will 
accept as true the statement of the surviving spouse or the custodian 
of the child that the requirements described in paragraphs (b)(2) and 
(3) of this section have been met.
    (b) Circumstances under which adoption will be recognized. VA will 
recognize a person adopted by a veteran's surviving spouse as the 
veteran's child if the adoption met all of the following conditions:
    (1) The adoption took place under a decree issued no later than 2 
years after the date of the veteran's death;
    (2) The person adopted was a member of the veteran's household at 
the time of the veteran's death; and
    (3) At the time of the veteran's death the person adopted was not 
receiving regular contributions from any public or private welfare 
organization that furnishes services or assistance for children or from 
a person other than the veteran or the veteran's spouse that were 
sufficient to provide for the major portion of the child's support.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.224  Child status despite adoption out of the veteran's family.

    (a) Retention of eligibility for benefits. The adoption of a 
veteran's child out of the veteran's family, whether before or after 
the veteran's death, does not terminate that child's status as the 
veteran's child for purposes of eligibility for benefits.
    (b) Evidence. Section 5.181(b) does not apply to establishing 
status as a child under this section.
    (1) Establishing that a child was adopted out of the veteran's 
family where release of adoption records is restricted or prohibited. 
If the jurisdiction in which a child was adopted out of the veteran's 
family will release adoption documents only upon petition to a court, 
or the jurisdiction prohibits release of the documents or information, 
VA will accept the evidence listed in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this 
section to establish the child's status as the child of the veteran. If 
this evidence is unobtainable, then the relationship may still be 
proven by the evidence listed in (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (i) A statement over the signature of the judge or the clerk of the 
court setting forth the child's former name and the date of adoption;
    (ii) A certified statement by the veteran, the veteran's surviving 
spouse, a person receiving an apportionment of benefits, or any of 
their fiduciaries setting forth the child's former name, the child's 
date of birth, and the date and fact of adoption together with evidence 
indicating that the child's original public record of birth has been 
removed from such records.
    (2) Evidence of child/natural parent relationship in apportionment 
cases. If VA receives a claim for an apportionment under Sec.  5.772 
for a child adopted out of a veteran's family, the evidence must be 
sufficient to establish the veteran as the natural parent of the child. 
See Sec.  5.221.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``certified 
statement''.


Sec.  5.225  Child status based on adoption into a veteran's family 
under foreign law.

    (a) Scope--(1) Purpose. VA will apply this section to determine the 
validity of an adoption for benefit purposes when a person was adopted 
into a veteran's family under the laws of a foreign country.
    (2) Foreign country. For purposes of this section, the term foreign 
country means any location except for a State, as that term is defined 
in Sec.  5.1.
    (3) Inclusion of certain Philippine veterans. For purposes of this 
section, the term ``veteran'' includes a Commonwealth Army veteran or 
new Philippine Scout under Sec.  5.610.
    (b) Living veteran--adopted person living in a foreign country--(1) 
Requirements for recognition of adoption. If the veteran is alive and 
the person adopted under the law of a foreign country lives in a 
foreign country, VA will recognize the person's adoption as valid if 
all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The person was under age 18 when adopted;
    (ii) The veteran provides one-half or more of the person's support;
    (iii) The person's natural parent does not have custody of the 
person unless the natural parent is also the veteran's spouse; and
    (iv) The person lives with the veteran or with the divorced spouse 
of the veteran if the divorced spouse is also the natural or adoptive 
parent. This requirement does not apply when the person is attending an 
educational institution full-time, or when the person, the veteran, or 
the divorced spouse is confined in a hospital, nursing home, other 
institution, or other health-care facility.
    (2) Continuing requirements. The person must continue to meet the 
requirements noted in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) through (iv) of this 
section following the adoption. After the initial award of benefits to 
or for the child, VA may from time to time verify that the person 
continues to meet these requirements. A beneficiary's failure to 
provide verifying information or documents upon VA's request may result 
in suspension or discontinuance of payments until VA receives proof 
that the person still meets the requirements.
    (c) Living veteran--adopted person not living in a foreign country. 
If the veteran is alive and the person adopted under foreign law does 
not live in a foreign country, VA will determine the validity of the 
adoption under Sec. Sec.  5.220 and 5.222.
    (d) Deceased veteran and surviving spouse adoptions--(1) 
Applicability. This paragraph (d) applies if a veteran adopted a person 
under the laws of a foreign country, but the parent/child relationship 
was not established for VA purposes during the veteran's lifetime. This 
paragraph (d) also applies if a surviving spouse adopted a person under 
the laws of a foreign country after the veteran's death.
    (2) Requirements for recognition of adoption. VA will recognize the 
person's adoption as valid if the veteran was entitled to and was 
receiving a VA dependent's allowance or similar VA monetary benefit for 
the person at any time during the 1 year before the veteran's death or 
if all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The person was under age 18 when adopted; and
    (ii) All of the following conditions were met for at least 1 year 
before the veteran's death:
    (A) The veteran provided one half or more of the person's support;
    (B) The person's natural parent did not have custody of the person 
unless the natural parent is the veteran's surviving spouse; and
    (C) The person lived with the veteran or with the divorced spouse 
of the veteran if the divorced spouse is also the natural or adoptive 
parent. This requirement does not apply when the person is attending an 
educational institution full-time, or when the person, the veteran, or 
the divorced spouse is confined in a hospital, nursing

[[Page 71201]]

home, other institution, or other health-care facility.
    (3) Additional requirements when the person was adopted by a 
surviving spouse after the veteran's death. If a surviving spouse 
adopts a person after the veteran's death, the adoption must also meet 
the requirements of Sec.  5.223 for VA to recognize the person's 
adoption as valid.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``nursing home'' 
and Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.226  Child status based on being a veteran's stepchild.

    (a) Definitions. The following definitions apply for purposes of 
this section:
    (1) Stepchild means a natural or adopted child of a veteran's 
spouse, but not of the veteran, including the child of a surviving 
spouse whose marriage to the veteran is deemed valid under Sec.  5.200.
    (2) Veteran/stepchild relationship, for purposes of this part, 
means a relationship between the veteran and the stepchild that meets 
the requirements of this section.
    (b) Establishing a veteran/stepchild relationship. To establish a 
veteran/stepchild relationship all of the following conditions must be 
met:
    (1) The stepchild is a member of the veteran's household, as 
described in paragraph (c) of this section;
    (2) The stepchild is related to the spouse of the veteran by birth 
or adoption; and
    (3) The veteran is, or was at the time of his or her death, married 
to the natural or adoptive parent of the stepchild.
    (c) Member of veteran's household. VA will consider a stepchild to 
be or to have been a member of the veteran's household if the 
conditions in one of the following paragraphs are met:
    (1) The stepchild became the veteran's stepchild before reaching 18 
years of age and is residing with the veteran or was residing with the 
veteran at the time of the veteran's death;
    (2) The stepchild is pursuing a course of instruction as described 
in Sec.  5.220(b)(2) who became the veteran's stepchild after reaching 
18 years of age, but before reaching 23 years of age; and who is 
residing with the veteran or was residing with the veteran at the time 
of the veteran's death; or
    (3) The stepchild receives, or at the time of the veteran's death 
was receiving, at least half of his or her support from the veteran. 
This includes a stepchild not residing with the veteran solely for 
medical, school, or similar reasons, and a stepchild who is residing 
with another person who has custody of the stepchild.
    (d) Effect of termination of marriage or legal separation on 
stepchild relationship--(1) Termination of marriage after a veteran 
becomes entitled to benefits. If the marriage between a veteran and a 
stepchild's natural or adoptive parent ended, or they legally 
separated, after the date of the veteran's entitlement to benefits, 
then VA will no longer recognize the veteran/stepchild relationship 
unless:
    (i) The stepchild continues to reside with the veteran; or
    (ii) The veteran continues to provide at least half of the 
stepchild's support.
    (2) Termination of marriage before a veteran becomes entitled to 
benefits. If the marriage between a veteran and a stepchild's natural 
or adoptive parent ended, or they legally separated, before the date of 
the veteran's entitlement to benefits, then VA will establish the 
stepchild as the veteran's child provided:
    (i) The validity of the marriage can be proved; and
    (ii) The stepchild continues to be a member of the veteran's 
household under paragraph (c) of this section after termination of the 
marriage.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.227  Child status based on permanent incapacity for self-
support.

    (a) Scope. An unmarried person who has reached 18 years of age can 
be established as a child if the person was permanently incapable of 
self-support before reaching age 18. This section sets out the criteria 
VA uses to make this determination.
    (b) Determining incapacity for self-support. The principal factors 
VA considers in determining whether a person is incapable of self-
support are:
    (1) Employment history--(i) Productive employment. A person who 
earns sufficient income for his or her reasonable support by his or her 
efforts is not incapable of self-support.
    (ii) Intermittent employment. VA may find a person incapable of 
self support if incapacity for self-support is otherwise established 
under this section even though he or she has had employment that is 
only part of a tryout or that is casual, intermittent, unsuccessful, or 
terminated after a short period because of disability.
    (iii) Charitable or therapeutic employment. VA will not find 
capacity for self-support based on employment that is afforded only 
upon sympathetic, therapeutic, or charitable considerations and that 
involves no actual or substantial provision of services.
    (iv) Lack of employment. The fact that a person has never been 
employed tends to show incapacity for self-support if the lack of 
employment was due to the person's physical or mental disabilities and 
not due to unwillingness to work or other factors unrelated to the 
person's disability.
    (2) Nature and extent of disability. (i) In cases where the person 
is not provided with sufficient income for his or her reasonable 
support by his or her efforts, VA will consider the following elements:
    (A) Whether the nature and extent of disability would render the 
average person incapable of self-support;
    (B) The impact of the disability on the person's ability to care 
for himself or herself and to perform the ordinary tasks expected of a 
person of the same age; and
    (C) Whether the person attended school, and the highest grade 
completed.
    (ii) Rating criteria applicable to a disabled veteran set out in 
the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter are not 
controlling.
    (c) Determining permanence of incapacity--(1) Principal factors. 
The principal factors for determining whether incapacity is permanent 
include, but are not limited to, the following:
    (i) The nature and extent of disability;
    (ii) Whether the disability has worsened or improved over time; and
    (iii) Whether there is a reasonable possibility that the disability 
will improve in the future.
    (2) Case-by-case determinations. VA determines permanence of 
incapacity for self-support on a case-by-case basis. Evidence to 
establish this may have originated before or after the child reached 18 
years of age. Although other types of evidence will be accepted and 
considered, generally, the following types of evidence are particularly 
relevant to this issue:
    (i) VA medical examinations or treatment records;
    (ii) Private medical examination reports or treatment records;
    (iii) Statements of persons having knowledge of the child's 
condition through personal observation, such as teachers, tutors, or 
social workers; or
    (iv) Statements from representatives of institutions where the 
child received care, schooling, or other related services.
    (d) Revision of child status determinations--(1) Certain protection

[[Page 71202]]

provisions are inapplicable. A VA determination that a child is 
permanently incapable of self-support is not subject to protection 
under Sec.  5.170(b), or Sec.  5.173.
    (2) Reexamination. Only in unusual cases will VA request 
reexamination after it has found that a child is permanently incapable 
of self-support.
    (3) Intermittent employment. A child previously shown by competent 
evidence to have been permanently incapable of self-support before 
reaching 18 years of age may be held to remain so at a later date even 
though there may have been a short intervening period or periods of 
employment of the type described in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this 
section, provided the cause of the incapacity is the same as that upon 
which VA previously found permanent incapacity and there was no 
intervening injury or disease that could be considered a major factor 
in current incapacity.
    (4) Court competency findings. If VA receives evidence that shows 
that a child formerly found by VA to have been permanently incapable of 
self-support before reaching 18 years of age based on mental 
incompetency has been found competent by a court, VA will determine 
whether the child continues to be permanently incapable of self-support 
under this section. Such court determinations are not binding upon VA.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4)(A)(ii), 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``competent 
evidence''.


Sec.  5.228  Exceptions applicable to termination of child status based 
on marriage of the child.

    The marriage of a child generally terminates his or her child 
status for VA purposes, except in the following circumstances.
    (a) Rule inapplicable to chapter 18 benefits. Marriage of a 
veteran's child does not disqualify him or her for benefits due to 
birth defects of a child of certain veterans under 38 U.S.C. chapter 
18, Benefits for Children of Vietnam Veterans and Certain Other 
Veterans.
    (b) Termination of marriage. A child's marriage will not prevent a 
child from receiving benefits or a beneficiary from receiving benefits 
for that child, if the child's marriage:
    (1) Was void, under Sec.  5.196;
    (2) Was annulled by a court having authority to annul the marriage, 
unless VA determines that the annulment was obtained through fraud by 
either party or by collusion of the parties;
    (3) Ended by death before November 1, 1990; or
    (4) Ended by divorce before November 1, 1990, by a court with 
authority to render the divorce decree, unless VA determines that the 
divorce was obtained through fraud by either party or by collusion of 
the parties.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4), 103(e), 501(a), 1821, 1831; Sec. 9, 
Pub. L. 93-527, 88 Stat. 1702, 1705; Sec. 8004, Pub. L. 101-508, 104 
Stat. 1388-343)

    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.229  Proof of age or birth.

    In order to prove age or birth, a claimant must file a statement 
under Sec.  5.181. If the statement is insufficient under Sec.  
5.181(c), VA will require the first type of evidence listed in this 
section as proof of age or birth, if obtainable. If this type of 
evidence is unobtainable, then age or birth may still be proven by the 
next type of obtainable evidence listed:
    (a) A copy or abstract of the public record of birth (such as a 
birth certificate). A copy or abstract of the public record of birth 
established more than 4 years after the birth must be consistent with 
material on file with VA or must show on its face that it is based upon 
evidence that would be acceptable under this section.
    (b) A copy of the public record of birth or a religious-context 
record documenting the birth of the child (such as a church record of 
baptism). An original or a copy of such a document created more than 4 
years after the birth must be consistent with material on file with VA. 
The document must include at least one reference to age or relationship 
made when the reference was not essential to establishing entitlement 
to the benefit claimed.
    (c) Service department records of birth.
    (d) An affidavit or certified statement of the physician or midwife 
who was in attendance at birth.
    (e) A copy of a Bible or other family record containing reference 
to the birth. The copy must be accompanied by a statement from a notary 
public, or other officer who has authority to administer oaths, 
certifying all the following criteria:
    (1) The year the Bible or other book in which the record appears 
was printed;
    (2) Whether it appears the record has been erased or changed in any 
way; and
    (3) Whether it appears the entries were made on the date noted in 
the record.
    (f) Affidavits or certified statements of two or more persons, 
preferably disinterested, who have knowledge of the name of the person 
born; the month, year, and place of birth of that person; and the 
parents' names. These persons must also provide VA with their own ages 
and an explanation as to how they came to know the facts surrounding 
the birth.
    (g) Other reliable and convincing evidence that provides relevant 
information. This includes, but is not limited to:
    (1) Census records;
    (2) Hospital records;
    (3) Insurance policies;
    (4) School records;
    (5) Employment records;
    (6) Naturalization records; and
    (7) Immigration records.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``certified 
statement''.

Effective Dates of Changes in Child Status


Sec.  5.230  Effective date of award of pension or dependency and 
indemnity compensation to or for a child born after the veteran's 
death.

    (a) The effective date of an award, or an increased award, of 
pension or of dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) to or for a 
child born after the parent/veteran's death is the date the child was 
born if VA receives either of the following types of evidence within 
the time specified:
    (1) Proof of birth received no later than 1 year after the date of 
birth; or
    (2) Notification of the expected or actual birth received no later 
than 1 year after the veteran's death, provided that the notice is 
sufficient to indicate an intent to claim pension or DIC benefits 
described in this section.
    (b) If the evidence described in paragraph (a) of this section is 
received more than 1 year after the child's birth in the case of 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section or the veteran's death in the case of 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section, then the effective date of the award 
or increase is the first of the month after the month of receipt of the 
claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a), (n))

Sec.  5.231  Effective date of reduction or discontinuance: child 
reaches age 18 or 23.

    A reduction or discontinuance of pension, disability compensation, 
or dependency and indemnity compensation because a person no longer 
qualifies as a child for benefit purposes based on age will be 
effective on the child's 18th or 23rd birthday, as applicable under 
Sec.  5.220(b). For effective dates of reductions or discontinuance 
applicable when a child completes the course of education or otherwise 
discontinues school

[[Page 71203]]

attendance before his or her 23rd birthday, see Sec.  5.696.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(a))

Sec.  5.232  Effective date of reduction or discontinuance: terminated 
adoptions.

    A reduction or discontinuance of pension, disability compensation, 
or dependency and indemnity compensation because a person no longer 
qualifies as an adopted child under Sec.  5.220(c)(3) or Sec.  5.222, 
will be effective the earliest of the following dates:
    (a) The day after the date the child left the custody of the 
adopting parent during the interlocutory period;
    (b) The day after the date the child left the custody of the 
adopting parent during the term of an adoption placement agreement;
    (c) The day after the date of rescission of the adoption decree; or
    (d) The day after the date of termination of the adoption placement 
agreement.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.233  Effective date of reduction or discontinuance: stepchild 
no longer a member of the veteran's household.

    If a reduction or discontinuance of pension, disability 
compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation is because a 
person no longer qualifies as a stepchild under Sec.  5.220(c)(2), 
because he or she is no longer a member of the veteran's household, the 
effective date of a reduction or discontinuance will be the day after 
the date the stepchild ceased being a member of the veteran's 
household.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(a))

Sec.  5.234  Effective date of an award, reduction, or discontinuance 
of benefits based on child status due to permanent incapacity for self-
support.

    (a) Applicability. This section provides the effective dates of:
    (1) An award of pension, disability compensation, or dependency and 
indemnity compensation to or for a person who is a child for VA 
purposes under Sec.  5.220(b)(1), because the person became permanently 
incapable of self-support before reaching age 18.
    (2) A reduction, or a discontinuance of pension, disability 
compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation to or for a 
person who is a child for VA purposes under Sec.  5.220(b)(1), because 
the person is no longer permanently incapable of self-support.
    (b) Awards The effective dates for benefits based upon a child's 
permanent incapacity for self-support, to or for a child after the 
child reaches 18 years of age are as follows:
    (1) Initial awards. The effective dates of initial awards are 
governed by applicable effective date rules under Sec.  5.183.
    (2) Claim for continuation of benefits. (i) If VA receives a claim 
for the continuation of the benefits no later than 1 year after the 
child's 18th birthday, then the effective date of a continuation is the 
date of the child's 18th birthday.
    (ii) If VA receives a claim for the continuation of the benefits 
more than 1 year after the child's 18th birthday, then the effective 
date of a continuation is the date VA receives a claim for benefits.
    (c) Reduction or discontinuance of benefits--(1) Pension benefits. 
If VA reduces or discontinues pension benefits because the child is no 
longer incapable of self-support, the effective date will be the first 
day of the month after the month VA last paid benefits.
    (2) Disability compensation or dependency and indemnity 
compensation benefits. If VA reduces or discontinues disability 
compensation or dependency and indemnity compensation because the child 
is no longer incapable of self-support the effective date will be the 
first day of the month after the expiration of the 60-day notice period 
described in Sec.  5.83.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110, 5112)

Sec.  5.235  Effective date of an award of benefits due to termination 
of a child's marriage.

    (a) Applicability. This section states the effective dates of 
awards to or for a child when status as a child has been restored due 
to termination of the child's marriage under Sec.  5.228.
    (b) Effective date--(1) Void marriages. If a child's marriage is 
void, the award of benefits is effective the later of the following 
dates:
    (i) The date the child and the other person stopped living 
together; or
    (ii) The date VA receives a claim for benefits.
    (2) Annulled marriages. If a child's marriage is annulled, the 
award of benefits is effective:
    (i) The date the annulment decree became final, if VA receives a 
claim for benefits no later than 1 year after that date; or, if not,
    (ii) The date VA receives a claim for benefits.
    (3) Marriage terminated by death or divorce before November 1, 
1990. Awards under Sec.  5.228(b)(3) or (4) (pertaining to marriages 
terminated by death or divorce before November 1, 1990) are effective 
on the date VA receives a claim for benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(a), (k), (l); Sec. 9, Pub. L. 93-
527, 88 Stat. 1702, 1705; Sec. 8004, Pub. L. 101-508, 104 Stat. 
1388)

Sec. Sec.  5.236-5.237  [Reserved]

Parent Status


Sec.  5.238  Status as a veteran's parent.

    (a) Person who qualifies as a veteran's parent for VA purposes. 
Except as otherwise provided in this section, a parent of a veteran is 
one of the following persons:
    (1) A veteran's natural mother or father;
    (2) A veteran's mother or father through adoption; or
    (3) A person who stands in the relationship of a parent to a 
veteran, subject to the following requirements:
    (i) The person stood in the relationship of a parent to the veteran 
for no less than 1 year at any time before the veteran's entry into 
active military service; and
    (ii) The relationship began before the veteran's 21st birthday, 
although it may have ended at any time.
    (b) Institutions do not qualify. VA will not recognize an 
institution as a veteran's parent, even if the institution is providing 
care for the veteran in place of a parent.
    (c) Abandonment. VA will not provide benefits to a person based on 
that person's status as a veteran's natural or adoptive parent if that 
person abandoned the veteran, unless that person subsequently assumed 
the legal and moral obligations of a parent with respect to the 
veteran. For purposes of this section, abandoned means that a veteran's 
natural or adoptive parent did not assume the legal and moral 
obligations of a parent with respect to the veteran. Abandonment 
entails not just a failure to provide support, but a refusal to do so. 
It is not necessary to show that someone else assumed the parental 
relationship for abandonment to occur.
    (d) Not more than one mother and one father recognized--(1) General 
rule. VA will recognize not more than one father and not more than one 
mother as parents of a veteran.
    (2) Different persons qualified as a veteran's mother or father at 
different times.
    (i) If two or more persons qualified as a veteran's mother or 
father under this section at different times, VA will recognize the 
person who last qualified before the veteran's last entry into active 
military service.

[[Page 71204]]

    (ii) VA will recognize a veteran's natural parent as the mother or 
father of the veteran, if he or she was the last person to have a 
parental relationship with the veteran before the veteran last entered 
active military service. This is true even if that parent's parental 
rights have been terminated by a court.
    (e) A person claims status as a veteran's mother or father under 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section while the veteran's natural or 
adoptive mother or father is still living.
    Unless the natural or adoptive mother or father relinquished 
parental control of the veteran, VA will not recognize a person 
identified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section as the veteran's mother 
or father if the natural or adoptive mother or father was living during 
the period the person claims to have stood in the relationship of a 
mother or father to the veteran. For purposes of this paragraph (e), 
relinquished parental control means that a veteran's natural or 
adoptive parent ceased to provide for the child and that the parent and 
child relationship was broken. Relinquishment of parental control does 
not necessarily mean abandonment by the parent. However, a finding of 
abandonment would automatically establish relinquishment of control. It 
is not necessary to have had a court terminate parental rights.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(5), 501(a))

Sec.  5.239  [Reserved]

Subpart E--Claims for Service Connection and Disability 
Compensation

Service-Connected and Other Disability Compensation


Sec.  5.240  Disability compensation.

    (a) Definition. Disability compensation means a monthly payment VA 
makes to a veteran for a service-connected disability, as described in 
Sec.  5.241, or for a disability compensated as if it were service 
connected, under Sec.  5.350.
    (b) Additional disability compensation based on having dependents. 
Additional disability compensation is payable to a veteran who has a 
spouse, child, or dependent parent if the veteran is entitled to 
disability compensation based on a single or a combined disability 
rating of 30 percent or more. The additional disability compensation 
authorized by 38 U.S.C. 1115 is payable in addition to monthly 
disability compensation payable under 38 U.S.C. 1114.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(13), 1110, 1114, 1115, 1131, 1135, 1151)

Sec.  5.241  Service-connected disability.

    A service-connected disability is a current disability as to which 
any of the following is true:
    (a) The disability was caused by an injury or disease incurred, or 
presumed to have been incurred, in the line of duty during active 
military service. See Sec. Sec.  5.260 through 5.269 (concerning 
presumptions of service connection).
    (b) The disability was caused by a preservice injury or disease 
aggravated, or presumed to have been aggravated, in the line of duty 
during active military service. See Sec.  5.245.
    (c) The disability is secondary to a service-connected disability, 
pursuant to Sec. Sec.  5.246 through 5.248 (governing awards of 
secondary service connection).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1110, 1112, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1131, 1133, 
1137)

Sec.  5.242  General principles of service connection.

    When a veteran seeks service connection:
    (a) VA will give due consideration to any evidence of record 
concerning the places, types, and circumstances of the veteran's 
service as shown by the veteran's service record, the official history 
of each organization in which the veteran served, the veteran's medical 
records, and all pertinent medical and lay evidence; and
    (b) VA will not consider a statement that a veteran signed during 
service that:
    (i) Pertains to the origin, incurrence, or aggravation of an injury 
or disease; and
    (ii) Was against the veteran's interest at the time he or she 
signed it.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1219; 38 U.S.C. 1154(a))

Sec.  5.243   Establishing service connection.

    (a) Requirements. Except as provided in Sec. Sec.  5.246 and 5.247, 
and paragraph (c) of this section, proof of the following elements is 
required to establish service connection:
    (1) A current disability;
    (2) Incurrence or aggravation of an injury or disease in active 
military service; and
    (3) A causal link between the injury or disease incurred in, or 
aggravated by, active military service and the current disability.

    Note 1 to paragraph (a): Permanent disability shown in service. 
VA will consider all three elements of paragraph (a) of this section 
proven if service records establish that an injury or disease 
incurred in or aggravated by active military service produced a 
disability that is clearly permanent by its nature, such as the 
amputation of a limb or the anatomical loss of an organ.


    Note 2 to paragraph (a): Chronic disease or chronic residual of 
an injury in temporary remission. VA will not deny service 
connection for lack of a current disability solely because a chronic 
disease, or a chronic residual of an injury, enters temporary 
remission. Examples of chronic diseases and chronic residuals of 
injury subject to temporary remission include chronic tinnitus, 
malaria, mental illness, skin disease, and intervertebral disc 
syndrome.

    (b) Time of diagnosis is not necessarily controlling. Proof of 
incurrence of a disease during active military service does not require 
diagnosis during service if the evidence otherwise establishes that the 
disease was incurred in service.
    (c) Residuals of chronic diseases--(1) General rule. VA will grant 
service connection for a current disability not clearly due to an 
intercurrent cause if the current disability is caused by a chronic 
disease and competent evidence establishes that the veteran had the 
same chronic disease in service or within an applicable presumptive 
period.
    (2) Definition of chronic disease. For purposes of this paragraph 
(c), a chronic disease means a disease listed in Sec.  5.261(c).

    Note to paragraph (c)(2): Proof that a disease was chronic in 
service requires a combination of manifestations in service 
sufficient to identify the disease entity, and sufficient 
observation to establish chronicity at the time, as distinguished 
from merely isolated findings or a diagnosis in service including 
the word ``chronic.'' See also Sec.  5.260(c). Isolated findings in 
service, such as joint pain, any abnormality of heart action or 
heart sounds, any urinary findings of casts, or any cough, would not 
alone establish the presence in service of a chronic disease, such 
as arthritis, disease of the heart, nephritis, or pulmonary disease, 
first shown as a clear-cut clinical entity at some later date.

    (3) Continuity of signs or symptoms. Signs or symptoms noted in 
service, or during an applicable presumptive period, may prove the 
existence of an a chronic disease when all of the following are shown 
by competent evidence:
    (i) The veteran had signs or symptoms of a chronic disease during 
active military service or during an applicable presumptive;
    (ii) The signs or symptoms continued from the time of discharge or 
release from active military service, or from the end of an applicable 
presumptive period until the present; and
    (iii) The signs or symptoms currently demonstrated are signs or 
symptoms of a chronic disease.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(16), 501(a), 1110, 1131)


[[Page 71205]]




Sec.  5.244  Presumption of sound condition on entry into military 
service.

    (a) Presumption of sound condition. VA will presume that a veteran 
was in sound condition upon entry into active military service, which 
means that the veteran was free from injury or disease, except as noted 
in the report of a medical examination conducted for entry into active 
military service.
    (b) Medical history recorded in entry examination reports--(1) 
Medical histories. The presumption of sound condition applies if an 
examiner recorded a history of injury or disease in an entry 
examination report, but the examiner did not report any contemporaneous 
clinical findings related to such injury or disease. VA may consider 
the notation of history together with other evidence in determining 
whether the presumption of sound condition is rebutted under paragraph 
(e) of this section.
    (2) Medical examination reports. The presumption of sound condition 
is rebuttable under paragraph (d) of this section even if an entry 
medical examination shows that the examiner tested specifically for a 
certain injury or disease and did not find that injury or disease, if 
other evidence of record is sufficient to overcome the presumption.
    (c) Rebutting the presumption.
    (1) For veterans with any wartime service and for veterans with 
peacetime service after December 31, 1946, VA can rebut the presumption 
only with clear and unmistakable evidence that the injury or disease 
resulting in the disability for which the veteran claims service 
connection both:
    (i) Preexisted service; and
    (ii) Was not aggravated by service, which means that during service 
there was no increase in disability due to the preexisting injury or 
disease, or that any such increase was due to the natural progress of 
the disease.
    (2) To determine whether there was an increase in the severity of 
disability during service (or during any applicable presumptive period) 
resulting from a preexisting injury or disease, see Sec.  5.245(b).
    (3) If there was an increase in the severity of disability during 
service (or during any applicable presumptive period) resulting from a 
preexisting injury or disease, to determine whether the increase was 
due to the natural progress of the disease, see Sec.  5.245(c).
    (d) Medical principles regarding preexisting conditions. There are 
medical principles so universally recognized as to constitute fact 
(clear and unmistakable proof), and when in accordance with these 
principles existence of a disability prior to service is established, 
no additional or confirmatory evidence is necessary. If residual 
conditions (scars; fibrosis of the lungs; atrophies following disease 
of the central or peripheral nervous system; healed fractures; absent, 
displaced or resected parts of organs; supernumerary parts; congenital 
malformations or hemorrhoidal tags or tabs, etc.) are shown during 
service but there is no evidence of the relevant antecedent active 
disease or injury during service, that is satisfactory proof that they 
preexisted service. Similarly, manifestation of lesions or symptoms of 
chronic disease from date of enlistment, or so close to such date that 
the disease could not have originated in so short a period, will be 
satisfactory proof that they existed preservice. VA will consider 
conditions of an infectious nature with regard to the circumstances of 
the infection and if manifested in less than the respective incubation 
periods after reporting for duty, VA will consider them to have 
preexisted service. VA will consider the following to have existed 
preservice:
    (1) Personality disorders if they are characterized by 
developmental defects or pathological trends in the personality 
structure manifested by a lifelong pattern of action or behavior;
    (2) Chronic psychoneurosis of long duration; or
    (3) Other psychiatric symptomatology shown to have existed prior to 
service with the same manifestations during service, which were the 
basis of the service diagnosis.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1110, 1111, 1131, 1137)

Sec.  5.245  Service connection based on aggravation of preservice 
injury or disease.

    (a) Presumption of aggravation. When an injury or disease was noted 
in the report of examination for entry into active military service, VA 
will presume that active military service aggravated a preexisting 
injury or disease if there was an increase in disability during service 
(or during any applicable presumptive period) resulting from the injury 
or disease.
    (b) Determining whether disability increased during service--(1) 
Increase in severity. For purposes of this section, increase in 
disability during active military service means the disability 
resulting from the preexisting injury or disease permanently became 
more severe during service (or during any applicable presumptive 
period) than it was before active military service.
    (2) Temporary flare-ups. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of 
this section, temporary or intermittent flare-ups of signs or symptoms 
of a preexisting injury or disease do not constitute aggravation in 
service unless the underlying condition worsened, resulting in 
increased disability.
    (3) Effects of medical or surgical treatment. The usual effects of 
medical or surgical treatment in service that ameliorates a preexisting 
injury or disease, such as postoperative scars, or absent or poorly 
functioning parts or organs, are not an increase in the severity of the 
underlying condition and they will not be service connected unless the 
preexisting injury or disease was otherwise aggravated by service.
    (4) Combat or prisoner-of-war service. The development of signs or 
symptoms, whether temporary or permanent, of a preexisting injury or 
disease during or proximately following combat with the enemy, as 
defined in Sec.  5.249(a)(2), or following status as a prisoner of war 
will establish aggravation of the disability resulting from that 
preexisting injury or disease.
    (c) Rebutting the presumption--natural progress of a disease. The 
presumption of aggravation is rebutted if VA specifically finds by 
clear and unmistakable evidence that the increase in the severity of 
disability during service (or during an applicable presumptive period) 
was normal for the disease, that is, active military service did not 
contribute to the increase.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1153, 1154)

Sec.  5.246  Secondary service connection--disability that is due to or 
the result of service-connected disability.

    Except as provided in Sec.  5.365(a), VA will grant service 
connection for a disability that is due to or the result of a service-
connected disability.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1110, 1131)

Sec.  5.247  Secondary service connection--nonservice-connected 
disability aggravated by service-connected disability.

    VA will grant service connection for any increase in severity of a 
nonservice-connected disability if the increase was due to or the 
result of a service-connected disability, and the increase was not due 
to the natural progress of the nonservice-connected disease. However, 
VA cannot grant service connection under this section without medical 
evidence establishing the severity of the nonservice-connected 
disability before or contemporaneous with the increase in severity due 
to the service-connected disability. The agency of original 
jurisdiction (AOJ) will use the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in 
part 4 of this chapter to rate the severity level of the nonservice-
connected disability prior to the increase in severity, any increase in 
severity due to the natural progress of the disease, and

[[Page 71206]]

the current severity level of the disability. The AOJ will then 
determine the amount of aggravation by subtracting the rating prior to 
aggravation and any increase in severity due to the natural progress of 
the disease from the current severity level. The result will be the 
increase due to or the result of a service-connected disability. VA 
will grant service connection only for that increase.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1110, 1131)

Sec.  5.248  Service connection for cardiovascular disease secondary to 
service-connected lower extremity amputation.

    VA will grant secondary service connection for ischemic heart 
disease or other cardiovascular disease that develops after a veteran 
has a service-connected amputation of one lower extremity at or above 
the knee or service-connected amputations of both lower extremities at 
or above the ankles.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1110, 1131)

Sec.  5.249  Special service connection rules for combat-related injury 
or disease.

    (a) Combat-related incurrence or aggravation of injury or disease 
shown by lay or other evidence. (1) VA will accept that an injury or 
disease was incurred or aggravated in service if a veteran engaged in 
combat with the enemy during a period of war, campaign, or expedition, 
and there is satisfactory lay or other evidence that the injury or 
disease was incurred in or was aggravated by such combat. Lay evidence 
may include a veteran's description of an event, disease, or injury. VA 
will accept such evidence as sufficient proof of incurrence or 
aggravation in service of an injury or disease even though there is no 
official record of the incurrence or aggravation. The evidence must be 
consistent with the circumstances, conditions, or hardships of the 
veteran's combat with the enemy. Incurrence or aggravation established 
under this paragraph (a) may be rebutted by clear and convincing 
evidence to the contrary.
    (2) Combat with the enemy means personal participation in an actual 
fight or encounter with a military foe, hostile unit, or instrument or 
weapon of war. It includes presence during such events as a combatant 
or while performing a duty in support of combatants, such as providing 
medical care to the wounded.
    (b) Decorations as evidence of combat. When a veteran has received 
any of the combat decorations listed below, VA will presume that the 
veteran engaged in combat with the enemy, unless there is clear and 
convincing evidence to the contrary:

(1) Air Force Cross
(2) Air Medal with ``V'' Device
(3) Army Commendation Medal with ``V'' Device
(4) Bronze Star Medal with ``V'' Device
(5) Combat Action Ribbon
(6) Combat Infantryman Badge
(7) Combat Medical Badge
(8) Combat Aircrew Insignia
(9) Distinguished Service Cross
(10) Joint Service Commendation Medal with ``V'' Device
(11) Medal of Honor
(12) Navy Commendation Medal with ``V'' Device
(13) Navy Cross
(14) Purple Heart
(15) Silver Star
(16) Combat Action Badge
(17) Any other form of decoration that the Secretary concerned may 
designate for award exclusively to persons for actions performed while 
engaged in combat with the enemy.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1154(b))


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.141 (evidence in claims of former 
prisoners of war), 5.245(b)(4), Service connection based on aggravation 
of preservice injury or disease, and 5.250(b)(2), Service connection 
for posttraumatic stress disorder.


Sec.  5.250  Service connection for posttraumatic stress disorder.

    (a) Service connection for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 
Service connection for PTSD requires:
    (1) Medical evidence diagnosing PTSD in accordance with Sec.  
4.125(a) of this chapter;
    (2) A link, established by medical evidence, between current signs 
or symptoms and an in-service stressor; and
    (3) Except as provided in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this 
section, credible supporting evidence that the claimed in-service 
stressor occurred. For purposes of this section, credible supporting 
evidence means credible evidence from any source, other than the 
claimant's statement, that corroborates the occurrence of the in-
service stressor.
    (b) VA will not deny a claim without trying to verify the claimed 
stressor. If the existence of the claimed stressor is not verified by 
credible evidence, VA will seek verification from the appropriate 
service department or other entity. The exception to this rule is when, 
upon VA's request, the claimant fails to provide the information needed 
by the appropriate service department or other entity to try to verify 
the claimed stressor.
    (c) Special rule for veterans diagnosed with PTSD during active 
military service. If the evidence establishes a diagnosis of PTSD 
during service and the claimed stressor is related to that service, in 
the absence of clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, and 
provided that the claimed stressor is consistent with the 
circumstances, conditions, or hardships of the veteran's active 
military service, the veteran's lay testimony alone may establish the 
occurrence of the claimed in-service stressor.
    (d) Special rules for veterans who engaged in combat with the enemy 
or who were prisoners of war. To determine if a stressor occurred 
during combat with the enemy or while a prisoner of war, VA will apply 
the rules in Sec.  5.249 or Sec.  5.141.
    (e)(1) Adequacy of the stressor confirmed by VA psychiatrist or 
psychologist. In the absence of clear and convincing evidence to the 
contrary, and provided the claimed in-service stressor is consistent 
with the places, types, and circumstances of the veteran's service, the 
veteran's lay testimony alone may establish the occurrence of the 
stressor if:
    (i) The stressor is related to the veteran's fear of hostile 
military or terrorist activity; and
    (ii) A VA psychiatrist or psychologist, or a psychiatrist or 
psychologist with whom VA has contracted, confirms that the stressor is 
adequate to support a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and 
that the veteran's symptoms are related to the claimed stressor.
    (2) For purposes of this paragraph (e), fear of hostile military or 
terrorist activity means:
    (i) That a veteran experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with 
an event or circumstance that involved actual or threatened death or 
serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of the veteran or 
others, such as:
    (A) From an actual or potential improvised explosive device;
    (B) Vehicle-imbedded explosive device;
    (C) Incoming artillery, rocket, or mortar fire;
    (D) Grenade;
    (E) Small arms fire, including suspected sniper fire; or
    (F) Attack upon friendly military aircraft, and
    (ii) The veteran's response to the event or circumstance involved a 
psychological or psycho-physiological state of fear, helplessness, or 
horror.
    (f) Special rules for establishing a stressor based on personal 
assault. (1) VA will not deny a PTSD claim that is

[[Page 71207]]

based on in-service personal assault without:
    (i) Advising the veteran that evidence from sources other than the 
veteran's service records, including evidence described in paragraph 
(c)(2) of this section, may constitute credible supporting evidence of 
the stressor; and
    (ii) Providing the veteran with an opportunity to furnish this type 
of evidence or advise VA of potential sources of such evidence.
    (2) Evidence that may establish a stressor based on in-service 
personal assault includes, but is not limited to, the following:
    (i) Records from law enforcement authorities, rape crisis centers, 
mental health counseling centers, hospitals, or physicians;
    (ii) Pregnancy tests or tests for sexually transmitted diseases;
    (iii) Statements from family members, roommates, fellow 
servicemembers, or clergy; or
    (iv) Evidence of behavioral changes following the claimed assault 
(which may be shown in any of the following sources), including: A 
request for a transfer to another military duty assignment; 
deterioration in work performance; substance abuse; episodes of 
depression, panic attacks, or anxiety without an identifiable cause; or 
unexplained economic or social behavior changes.
    (3) VA may submit any evidence that it receives to an appropriate 
medical or mental health professional for an opinion as to whether it 
indicates that a personal assault occurred.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1110, 1131, 1154)

Sec.  5.251  Current disabilities for which VA cannot grant service 
connection.

    (a) General rule. VA will not grant service connection for the 
following disabilities because they are not the result of an injury or 
disease for purposes of service connection:
    (1) Congenital or developmental defects (such as congenital or 
developmental refractive error of the eye);
    (2) Developmental personality disorders; or
    (3) Developmental intellectual disability (mental retardation).
    (b) Distinguishable disabilities. VA will grant service connection 
for the following disabilities, which are scientifically 
distinguishable from those listed in paragraph (a) of this section and 
actually result from an injury or disease:
    (1) Malignant or pernicious myopia;
    (2) Personality change (as distinguished from personality disorder) 
as part of, or due to or the result of, an organic mental disorder or a 
service-connected general medical condition (such as psychomotor 
epilepsy), or due to injury. See Sec.  5.246.
    (3) Nondevelopmental intellectual disability as part of, or due to 
or the result of, a service-connected disability. See Sec.  5.246.
    (c) Superimposed disabilities. Paragraph (a) of this section does 
not preclude granting service connection for a disability that is 
superimposed on a disability listed in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (d) Hereditary diseases. Paragraph (a)(1) of this section does not 
preclude granting service connection for disability due to an inherited 
or familial disease (as distinguished from congenital or developmental 
defects in paragraph (a)(1) of this section). See Sec.  5.261(e) 
regarding presumptions related to certain inherited or familial 
diseases.
    (e) Diseases of allergic etiology. Paragraph (a) of this section 
does not preclude granting service connection for disability due to 
diseases of allergic etiology, including, but not limited to, bronchial 
asthma and urticaria.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1110, 1131)

Sec. Sec.  5.252-5.259  [Reserved]

Presumptions of Service Connection for Certain Diseases, Disabilities, 
and Related Matters


Sec.  5.260  General rules governing presumptions of service 
connection.

    (a) The purpose of presumptions of service connection. Presumptions 
of service connection apply when the evidence would not warrant service 
connection without their aid. A presumption of service connection 
establishes a material fact (or facts) necessary to establish service 
connection, even when there is no evidence that directly establishes 
that material fact (or facts). Examples of material facts include onset 
of a disease or exposure to certain herbicide agents during a veteran's 
military service. The evidence must prove that the presumption applies 
to the claimant, but after such a showing there is no need for 
additional evidence of the material fact(s) established by the 
presumption. Presumptions of service connection are set forth in 
Sec. Sec.  5.261 through 5.268 and Sec.  5.270. The general rules in 
this section apply to those sections, except as otherwise provided. VA 
will not use the existence of a presumptive period to deny service 
connection for a presumptive disease diagnosed after the presumptive 
period if direct evidence shows it was incurred or aggravated during 
service.
    (b) Presumptive period. (1) Definition. Certain presumptions apply 
only when a disease becomes manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more 
disabling (as defined by the rating criteria in the Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter) within a prescribed time 
period, called the ``presumptive period.'' This does not mean that the 
disease must have actually been diagnosed during that period. A 
presumption of service connection applies when the evidence shows there 
were symptoms during the presumptive period sufficient to support a 
finding that a disease diagnosed after the presumptive period was 
actually disabling to the required degree during the presumptive 
period. This includes instances where the principles of continuity of 
signs or symptoms in Sec.  5.243(d) establish a link between symptoms 
during the presumptive period and a subsequent diagnosis. It also 
includes instances where manifestations during the presumptive period 
are followed within a reasonable time by a diagnosis. What constitutes 
a reasonable time depends on the nature and course of the disease and 
any other relevant factors. Simply because a disease is far advanced 
when diagnosed does not mean that it was at least 10 percent disabling 
during the presumptive period. Evidence is still required that the 
claimed disability was at least 10 percent disabling during the 
presumptive period.
    (2) Lay and medical evidence. Whether a disease became manifest 
during a presumptive period may be established by competent medical 
evidence, competent lay evidence, or both. Competent medical evidence 
should set forth the signs or symptoms shown by an examination 
performed during the presumptive period. Competent lay evidence should 
describe the material and relevant facts as to the veteran's disability 
observed during the presumptive period, not merely conclusions based 
upon opinion.
    (c) Rebutting a presumption of service connection. (1) Presumption 
rebutted by affirmative evidence. VA cannot grant service connection 
under Sec. Sec.  5.261 through 5.268, Sec.  5.270 or Sec.  5.271, when 
the presumption has been rebutted by affirmative evidence (as defined 
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section) that is competent to indicate the 
onset or existence of a disease, injury, or disability, such as 
affirmative evidence that establishes that:
    (i) An intervening or nonservice-related injury or disease caused 
the injury, disease, or disability;

[[Page 71208]]

    (ii) The veteran's willful misconduct caused the injury, disease, 
or disability (see Sec.  5.661);
    (iii) The injury or disease was not incurred in service or, in the 
case of a preexisting condition, was not aggravated during service; or
    (iv) A cancer (for which service connection is claimed under Sec.  
5.262 or Sec.  5.268) originated in another area of the body and then 
spread to one of the specific areas listed in Sec.  5.262(e) or Sec.  
5.268(b).
    (2) Definition. Affirmative evidence means evidence that supports 
the existence of a particular fact, and does not mean the mere absence 
of evidence. However, the absence of evidence may be a basis for 
affirmative evidence. For example, a medical professional may conclude 
that a disease or disability existed or started at a particular time 
based on an absence of evidence of signs or symptoms of the condition 
before that time.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1112, 1113, 1137)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``competent lay 
evidence'' and ``willful misconduct''.


Sec.  5.261  Certain chronic diseases VA presumes are service 
connected.

    (a) Eligibility. VA will presume a disease listed in paragraph (c) 
of this section was incurred or aggravated in service, if it first 
became manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling:
    (1) No later than 1 year after separation from a qualifying period 
of service; or
    (2) No later than such other time after a qualifying period of 
service as provided in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) Qualifying period of service. A qualifying period of service 
is:
    (1) A period of 90 days or more of active, continuous service that 
began before December 31, 1946, and included service during a period of 
war; or
    (2) Any period of 90 days or more of active, continuous service 
after December 31, 1946.
    (c) Diseases presumed service connected. VA will grant service 
connection on a presumptive basis for any chronic disease listed in 
this paragraph (c) where a disease becomes manifest to a degree of 
disability of 10 percent or more during the applicable presumptive 
period for the disease. For purposes of this section, VA will consider 
the diseases listed in the table at the end of paragraph (d) of this 
section to be chronic because of slow onset and persistent progress, 
even if they are initially diagnosed as acute. Unless the clinical 
picture is clear otherwise, VA will consider whether an acute condition 
is an exacerbation of a chronic disease. VA cannot apply the 
presumption of service connection when the evidence shows that the 
disease existed prior to military service to a degree of 10 percent or 
more disabling (as defined by the rating criteria in the Schedule for 
Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter). However, VA will apply 
the presumption where there is evidence that the disease existed prior 
to entry into service to a degree of less than 10 percent disabling. 
Only conditions listed in this section are chronic for purposes of this 
section.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disease:                                      Disease must manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling
                                               no later than this period after:
                                                  Either discharge or release from service under
                                                  paragraph (a) of this section; or
                                                  The end of the war period under paragraph (c) of this
                                                  section.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anemia, primary.............................  1 year.
Arteriosclerosis............................  1 year.
Arthritis...................................  1 year.
Atrophy, progressive muscular...............  1 year.
Brain hemorrhage............................  1 year.
Brain thrombosis............................  1 year.
Bronchiectasis..............................  1 year.
Calculi of the kidney, bladder, or            1 year.
 gallbladder.
Cardiovascular-renal disease, including, but  1 year.
 not limited to, hypertension. See paragraph
 (e) of this section.
Cirrhosis of the liver......................  1 year.
Coccidioidomycosis..........................  1 year.
Diabetes mellitus...........................  1 year.
Encephalitis lethargica residuals...........  1 year.
Endocarditis (this term covers all forms of   1 year.
 valvular heart disease).
Endocrinopathies............................  1 year.
Epilepsies..................................  1 year.
Hansen's disease............................  3 years.
Hodgkin's disease...........................  1 year.
Leukemia (acute or chronic).................  1 year.
Lupus erythematosus, systemic...............  1 year.
Multiple sclerosis..........................  7 years.
Myasthenia gravis...........................  1 year.
Myelitis....................................  1 year.
Myocarditis.................................  1 year.
Nephritis...................................  1 year.
Organic diseases of the nervous system......  1 year.
Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease)........  1 year.
Osteomalacia................................  1 year.
Palsy, bulbar...............................  1 year.
Paralysis agitans...........................  1 year.
Psychoses...................................  1 year.
Purpura idiopathic, hemorrhagic.............  1 year.
Raynaud's disease...........................  1 year.

[[Page 71209]]

 
Sarcoidosis.................................  1 year.
Scleroderma.................................  1 year.
Sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral..............  1 year.
Syringomyelia...............................  1 year.
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's         1 year.
 disease).
Tuberculosis, active (see Sec.   5.341,       3 years.
 Presumption of service connection for
 disease; wartime and service after December
 31, 1946 ).
Tumors, malignant...........................  1 year.
Tumors, of the brain or spinal cord or        1 year.
 peripheral nerves.
Ulcers, peptic (gastric or duodenal)........  1 year.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Cardiovascular-renal disease, including, but not limited to, 
hypertension. The term ``cardiovascular-renal disease'' applies to 
combination involvement of arteriosclerosis, nephritis, and organic 
heart disease. VA will consider hypertension which was 10 percent or 
more disabling during the 1-year presumptive period as a chronic 
disease.
    (e) Hereditary disease. For purposes of granting service connection 
for a chronic disease on a presumptive basis, VA will presume that an 
inherited or familial disease listed in paragraph (d) of this section 
was incurred in or aggravated by service, if the disease first became 
manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling during the 
applicable presumptive period following discharge or release from 
active military service.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1101(3), 1112(a), 1137)

Sec.  5.262  Presumption of service connection for diseases associated 
with exposure to certain herbicide agents.

    (a) General rules.--(1) Presumption of exposure. (i) Vietnam. VA 
will presume that a veteran who, during active military service, served 
in the Republic of Vietnam during the period beginning on January 9, 
1962, and ending on May 7, 1975, was exposed to an herbicide agent. VA 
will presume that the last date on which such a veteran was exposed to 
an herbicide agent is the last date on which that veteran served in the 
Republic of Vietnam during that period. For purposes of this section, 
``Service in the Republic of Vietnam'' includes only service on land, 
or on an inland waterway, in the Republic of Vietnam.
    (ii) Korea. VA will presume that a veteran who, during active 
military service, served between April 1, 1968, and August 31, 1971, in 
a unit that, as determined by the Department of Defense, operated in or 
near the Korean DMZ in an area in which herbicides are known to have 
been applied during that period, was exposed during such service to an 
herbicide agent, unless there is affirmative evidence to establish that 
the veteran was not exposed to any such agent during that service.
    (2) Presumption of service connection. Where a veteran who was 
exposed to an herbicide agent during active military service is 
diagnosed with a disease listed in paragraph (e) of this section that 
becomes manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling during the 
period described in paragraph (e) of this section, VA will presume that 
the disease was incurred in or aggravated by service.
    (b) Definition of herbicide agent. For purposes of this section, 
the term herbicide agent means 2,4-D; 2,4,5-T and its contaminant TCDD; 
cacodylic acid; or picloram.
    (c) No minimum period of service required. Any period of active 
military service involving presumed or established exposure to an 
herbicide agent is sufficient for purpose of establishing presumptive 
service connection of a specified disease under this section.
    (d) Rebutting the presumption of exposure. The presumption of 
exposure applies unless affirmative evidence establishes that the 
veteran was not exposed to an herbicide agent during active military 
service.
    (e) Diseases presumed service connected. The following table lists 
the diseases that VA will presume to be service connected based on this 
section. VA will not apply the presumption of service connection where 
the evidence shows that the disease existed prior to active military 
service to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling (as defined by the 
rating criteria in the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of 
this chapter). VA will apply the presumption where there is evidence 
that the disease existed prior to entry into such service to a degree 
of less than 10 percent disabling.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Disease must manifest to a
                Disease:                   degree of 10 percent or more
                                                    disabling:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AL Amyloidosis.........................  any time after exposure.
Chloracne or other acneform disease      no later than 1 year after the
 consistent with chloracne.               last day of exposure.
All chronic B-cell leukemias             any time after exposure.
 (including, but not limited to, hairy-
 cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic
 leukemia).
Hodgkin's disease......................  any time after exposure.
Multiple myeloma.......................  any time after exposure.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.................  any time after exposure.
Early-onset peripheral neuropathy......  no later than 1 year after the
                                          last day of exposure.
Porphyria cutanea tarda................  no later than 1 year after the
                                          last day of exposure.
Prostate cancer........................  any time after exposure.
Respiratory cancers (cancer of the       any time after exposure.
 lung, bronchus, larynx, or trachea).
Soft-tissue sarcoma (other than          any time after exposure.
 osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Kaposi's
 sarcoma, or mesothelioma).\1\
Type 2 diabetes (also known as Type II   any time after exposure.
 diabetes mellitus or adult-onset
 diabetes).
Ischemic heart disease (including, but   any time after exposure.
 not limited to, acute, subacute, and
 old myocardial infarction;
 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
 including coronary artery disease
 (including coronary spasm) and
 coronary bypass surgery; and stable,
 unstable and Prinzmetal's angina).\2\

[[Page 71210]]

 
Parkinson's disease....................  any time after exposure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The term ``soft-tissue sarcoma'' includes the following diseases:
Adult fibrosarcoma.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma.
Angiosarcoma (hemangiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma).
Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses.
Congenital and infantile fibrosarcoma.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Ectomesenchymoma.
Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (malignant leiomyoblastoma).
Epithelioid sarcoma.
Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma.
Leiomyosarcoma.
Liposarcoma.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
Malignant ganglioneuroma.
Malignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.
Malignant glomus tumor.
Malignant granular cell tumor.
Malignant hemangiopericytoma.
Malignant mesenchymoma.
Malignant schwannoma, including, but not limited to, malignant
  schwannoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation (malignant Triton
  tumor), glandular and epithelioid malignant schwannomas.
Proliferating (systemic) angioendotheliomatosis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma.
Synovial sarcoma (malignant synovioma).
\2\ For purposes of this section, the term ischemic heart disease does
  not include hypertension or peripheral manifestations of
  arteriosclerosis such as peripheral vascular disease or stroke, or any
  other condition that does not qualify within the generally accepted
  medical definition of ischemic heart disease.


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1116)

Sec.  5.263  Presumption of service connection for non-Hodgkin's 
lymphoma based on service in Vietnam.

    (a) Service in Vietnam. For purposes of this section, ``service in 
Vietnam'' includes service in the waters offshore, or service in other 
locations if the conditions of service involved duty or visitation in 
Vietnam.
    (b) Service connection based on service in Vietnam. Service in 
Vietnam during the Vietnam Era together with the development of non-
Hodgkin's lymphoma manifested subsequent to such service is sufficient 
to establish service connection for that disease.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.264  Diseases VA presumes are service connected in a former 
prisoner of war.

    (a) Eligibility. Any period of active military service is 
sufficient for establishing presumptive service connection for a 
disease specified in this section. The requirements for the length of 
internment as a prisoner of war (POW) are stated in paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section. A veteran is eligible for the presumption if the 
veteran:
    (1) Is a former POW under Sec.  5.140; and
    (2) Is diagnosed as having a disease listed in paragraph (b) or (c) 
of this section that first became manifest to a degree of 10 percent or 
more disabling at any time after discharge or release from active 
military service, even if there is no record of such disease during 
such service.
    (b) Diseases presumed service connected following internment of any 
duration. VA will presume the following diseases were incurred in or 
aggravated by service if the criteria of paragraph (a) of this section 
are met:
    (1) Any of the anxiety disorders as listed in Sec.  4.130 of this 
chapter, including, but not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder 
(PTSD);
    (2) Atherosclerotic heart disease or hypertensive vascular disease 
(including, but not limited to, hypertensive heart disease) and their 
complications (including, but not limited to, myocardial infarction, 
congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia);
    (3) Dysthymic disorder (or depressive neurosis);
    (4) Organic residuals of frostbite, if the Secretary determines 
that the veteran was detained or interned in climatic conditions 
consistent with the occurrence of frostbite;
    (5) Osteoporosis if the Secretary determines that the veteran has 
PTSD;
    (6) Post-traumatic osteoarthritis;
    (7) Psychosis; and
    (8) Stroke and its complications.
    (c) Presumption of service connection for 30 days or more of 
internment. VA will presume the following diseases were incurred in or 
aggravated by service if the veteran was interned for 30 days or more 
and the criteria of paragraph (a) of this section are met:
    (1) Beriberi;
    (2) Beriberi heart disease, including ischemic heart disease if 
localized edema experienced during captivity;
    (3) Chronic dysentery;
    (4) Cirrhosis of the liver;
    (5) Helminthiasis;
    (6) Irritable bowel syndrome;
    (7) Nutritional deficiency, including, but not limited to, 
avitaminosis and malnutrition;
    (8) Optic atrophy associated with malnutrition;
    (9) Osteoporosis;
    (10) Pellagra;
    (11) Peptic ulcer disease; and
    (12) Peripheral neuropathy except where directly related to 
infectious causes.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1112(b))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``psychosis''. 
Sec.  5.140, Determining former prisoner of war status, for the 
definition of ``former prisoner of war''.


Sec.  5.265  Tropical diseases VA presumes are service connected.

    (a) Eligibility. VA will presume any disease listed in paragraph 
(d) of this section was incurred in or aggravated by service if it 
first became manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling:
    (1) No later than 1 year after separation from a qualifying period 
of service; or
    (2) Within a period that indicates (based on accepted medical 
literature) that the incubation period began during a qualifying period 
of service.

[[Page 71211]]

    (b) Qualifying period of service. For purposes of this section, ``a 
qualifying period of service'' is:
    (1) A period of 90 days or more of continuous active military 
service that began before December 31, 1946, and included service 
during a period of war; or
    (2) Any period of 90 days or more continuous active military 
service after December 31, 1946.
    (c) Claims based on service ending before December 7, 1941. In 
claims based on service ending before December 7, 1941, for purpose of 
determining whether a tropical disease manifested within a presumptive 
period under this section, the date of separation from wartime service 
will be the date of discharge or release during a war period, or if 
service continued after the war, the end of the war period.
    (d) Tropical diseases presumed service connected. VA will presume 
that the following diseases were incurred in or aggravated by service 
if the criteria of paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section are met:
    (1) Amebiasis;
    (2) Blackwater fever;
    (3) Cholera;
    (4) Dracontiasis;
    (5) Dysentery;
    (6) Filariasis;
    (7) Leishmaniasis, including, but not limited to, kala-azar;
    (8) Loiasis;
    (9) Malaria;
    (10) Onchocerciasis;
    (11) Oroya fever;
    (12) Pinta;
    (13) Plague;
    (14) Schistosomiasis;
    (15) Yaws; and
    (16) Yellow fever.
    (e) Rebuttal of presumption. Lack of active military service in a 
locality with a high incidence of the disease may be considered 
evidence to rebut the presumption. Post-service residence during the 
applicable presumptive period in a region where the particular disease 
is endemic may also be considered evidence to rebut the presumption. VA 
will consider the known incubation periods of tropical diseases in 
determining whether the presumption of service connection has been 
rebutted.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1101(4), 1112(a)(2), 1137)


    (f) Claims for service connection of tropical diseases based on 
peacetime service before January 1, 1947. This paragraph (f) applies to 
a veteran with peacetime service before January 1, 1947, who served 6 
months or more. The requirement of 6 months or more of service means 
active, continuous service, during one or more enlistment periods. Any 
such veteran who develops a tropical disease listed in paragraph (d) of 
this section, or a disorder or disease resulting from therapy 
administered in connection with a tropical disease or as a 
preventative, will be considered to have incurred such disability in 
active military service if the disease or disorder is shown to have 
manifested:
    (1) No later than 1 year after discharge or release from active 
military service; or
    (2) At a time when accepted medical literature indicates that the 
incubation period commenced during active military service unless clear 
and unmistakable evidence shows that the tropical disease was not 
contracted as the result of active military service.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1133)

Sec.  5.266  Disability compensation for certain qualifying chronic 
disabilities.

    (a) Qualifying chronic disability. (1) General rule. VA will pay 
disability compensation to a Persian Gulf veteran who exhibits 
objective indications of a qualifying chronic disability, provided that 
such disability became manifest either during active military service 
in the Southwest Asia theater of operations during the Persian Gulf 
War, or to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling not later than 
December 31, 2016.
    (i) Objective indications of chronic disability. For purposes of 
this section, ``objective indications of chronic disability'' include 
both ``signs'', in the medical sense of objective evidence perceptible 
to an examining physician, and other non-medical indicators that are 
capable of independent verification.
    (ii) 6-month period of chronicity. For purposes of this section, 
disabilities that have existed for 6 months or more and disabilities 
that exhibit intermittent episodes of improvement and worsening over a 
6-month period will be considered chronic. The 6-month period of 
chronicity will be measured from the earliest date on which the 
pertinent evidence establishes that the signs or symptoms of the 
disability first became manifest.
    (2) Definition. For purposes of this section, a qualifying chronic 
disability is a chronic disability resulting from any of the following 
(or any combination of the following):
    (i) An undiagnosed illness;
    (ii) A medically unexplained chronic multisymptom illness that is 
defined by a cluster of signs or symptoms; or
    (iii) Any diagnosed illness that the Secretary determines in 
regulations prescribed under 38 U.S.C. 1117(d) warrants a presumption 
of service connection.
    (3) Rating a qualifying chronic disability. A qualifying chronic 
disability referred to in this section will be rated using rating 
criteria from the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this 
chapter for an injury or disease in which the functions affected, 
anatomical localization, or signs or symptoms are similar.
    (4) Qualifying chronic disability considered service connected. A 
qualifying chronic disability to which this section refers will be 
considered service connected for purposes of all laws of the U.S.
    (b) Undiagnosed illness. (1) Definition. The term undiagnosed 
illness means an illness that by history, physical examination, and 
laboratory tests cannot be attributed to any known clinical diagnosis.
    (2) Signs and symptoms. Signs or symptoms that may be 
manifestations of undiagnosed illness include, but are not limited to:
    (i) Abnormal weight loss;
    (ii) Cardiovascular signs or symptoms;
    (iii) Fatigue;
    (iv) Gastrointestinal signs or symptoms;
    (v) Headache;
    (vi) Joint pain;
    (vii) Menstrual disorders;
    (viii) Muscle pain;
    (ix) Neurologic signs and symptoms;
    (x) Neuropsychological signs or symptoms;
    (xi) Signs or symptoms involving the respiratory system (upper or 
lower);
    (xii) Signs or symptoms involving skin; and
    (xiii) Sleep disturbances.
    (c) Medically unexplained chronic multisymptom illness. (1) 
Definition. The term medically unexplained chronic multisymptom illness 
means a diagnosed illness without conclusive etiology or 
pathophysiology, which is characterized by overlapping signs and 
symptoms, and has features such as fatigue, pain, disability out of 
proportion to physical findings, and inconsistent demonstration of 
laboratory abnormalities. Chronic multisymptom illnesses of partially 
understood etiology and pathophysiology, such as diabetes and multiple 
sclerosis, will not be considered medically unexplained.
    (2) Illnesses. Medically unexplained chronic multisymptom illnesses 
include, but are not limited to, those that are defined by a cluster of 
signs or symptoms, such as:
    (i) Chronic fatigue syndrome;
    (ii) Fibromyalgia;
    (iii) Functional gastrointestinal disorders (excluding structural 
gastrointestinal diseases).


[[Page 71212]]


    Note to paragraph (c)(2)(iii):
    Functional gastrointestinal disorders are a group of conditions 
characterized by chronic or recurrent symptoms that are unexplained 
by any structural, endoscopic, laboratory, or other objective signs 
of injury or disease and may be related to any part of the 
gastrointestinal tract. Specific functional gastrointestinal 
disorders include, but are not limited to, irritable bowel syndrome, 
functional dyspepsia, functional vomiting, functional constipation, 
functional bloating, functional abdominal pain syndrome, and 
functional dysphagia. These disorders are commonly characterized by 
symptoms including abdominal pain, substernal burning or pain, 
nausea, vomiting, altered bowel habits (including diarrhea, 
constipation), indigestion, bloating, postprandial fullness, and 
painful or difficult swallowing. Diagnosis of specific functional 
gastrointestinal disorders is made in accordance with established 
medical principles, which generally require symptom onset at least 6 
months prior to diagnosis and the presence of symptoms sufficient to 
diagnose the specific disorder at least 3 months prior to diagnosis.

    (3) Signs and symptoms. Signs or symptoms that may be 
manifestations of a medically unexplained chronic multisymptom illness 
include, but are not limited to:
    (i) Abnormal weight loss;
    (ii) Cardiovascular signs or symptoms;
    (iii) Fatigue;
    (iv) Gastrointestinal signs or symptoms;
    (v) Headache;
    (vi) Joint pain;
    (vii) Menstrual disorders;
    (viii) Muscle pain;
    (ix) Neurologic signs and symptoms;
    (x) Neuropsychological signs or symptoms;
    (xi) Signs or symptoms involving the respiratory system (upper or 
lower);
    (xii) Signs or symptoms involving skin; and
    (xiii) Sleep disturbances.
    (d) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
    (1) Persian Gulf veteran means a veteran who served on active 
military service in the Southwest Asia theater of operations during the 
Persian Gulf War.
    (2) The Southwest Asia theater of operations means Iraq, Kuwait, 
Saudi Arabia, the neutral zone between Iraq and Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, 
Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of 
Oman, the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and the airspace 
above these locations.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1117, 1118)

Sec.  5.267  Presumption of service connection for conditions 
associated with full-body exposure to nitrogen mustard, sulfur mustard, 
or Lewisite.

    (a) Presumption of service connection. VA will presume that the 
injuries and diseases listed in paragraph (b) of this section were 
incurred in or aggravated by service when the evidence of record 
establishes that the veteran:
    (1) Underwent full-body exposure to nitrogen mustard, sulfur 
mustard, or Lewisite during active military service; and
    (2) Subsequently developed an injury or disease associated with a 
specific agent, as shown in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Listed injuries or diseases. The following table lists injuries 
or diseases that VA will consider associated with full-body exposure to 
nitrogen mustard, sulfur mustard, or Lewisite.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Associated with  nitrogen    Associated with  sulfur
      Injury or disease                mustard?                    mustard?           Associated with  Lewisite?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acute nonlymphocytic          Yes.......................  No........................  No.
 leukemia.
Asthma, chronic.............  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  Yes.
Bronchitis, chronic.........  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  Yes.
Conjunctivitis, chronic.....  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
Corneal opacities...........  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
Emphysema, chronic..........  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  Yes.
Keratitis...................  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
Laryngeal cancer............  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
Laryngitis, chronic.........  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  Yes.
Lung cancer (except           Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
 mesothelioma).
Nasopharyngeal cancer.......  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
Obstructive pulmonary         Yes.......................  Yes.......................  Yes.
 disease, chronic.
Scar formation..............  Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
Squamous cell carcinoma of    Yes.......................  Yes.......................  No.
 the skin.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.268  Presumption of service connection for diseases associated 
with exposure to ionizing radiation.

    (a) Eligibility. This section applies to a ``radiation-exposed 
veteran.'' That is, any person who, while serving on active duty or as 
a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces during a period of 
active duty for training or inactive duty training, participated in a 
radiation-risk activity.
    (b) Diseases presumed service connected. VA will presume that the 
following diseases were incurred in or aggravated by service if they 
become manifest in a radiation-exposed veteran at any time after 
service:
    (1) Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma;
    (2) Cancer of the bile ducts;
    (3) Cancer of the bone;
    (4) Cancer of the brain;
    (5) Cancer of the breast;
    (6) Cancer of the colon;
    (7) Cancer of the esophagus;
    (8) Cancer of the gall bladder;
    (9) Cancer of the lung;
    (10) Cancer of the ovary;
    (11) Cancer of the pancreas;
    (12) Cancer of the pharynx;
    (13) Cancer of the salivary gland;
    (14) Cancer of the small intestine;
    (15) Cancer of the stomach;
    (16) Cancer of the thyroid;
    (17) Cancer of the urinary tract (for purposes of this section, the 
term urinary tract means the kidneys, renal pelves, ureters, urinary 
bladder, and urethra);
    (18) Leukemia (other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia);
    (19) Lymphomas (except Hodgkin's disease);
    (20) Multiple myeloma; and
    (21) Primary liver cancer (except if cirrhosis or hepatitis B is 
indicated).
    (c) Radiation-risk activity. For purposes of this section, 
radiation-risk activity means:
    (1) Onsite participation in a test involving the atmospheric 
detonation of a nuclear device. For purposes of this section, onsite 
participation means:
    (i) During the official operational period of a nuclear test, 
defined in paragraph (e) of this section, presence at the test site, or 
performance of official military duties in connection with ships, 
aircraft or other equipment used in direct support of the nuclear test;
    (ii) During the 6-month period following the official operational 
period of a nuclear test, presence at the test site or other test 
staging area to perform

[[Page 71213]]

official military duties in connection with completion of projects 
related to the nuclear test including, but not limited to, 
decontamination of equipment used during the nuclear test;
    (iii) Service as a member of the garrison or maintenance forces on 
Eniwetok during the periods June 21, 1951 through July 1, 1952; August 
7, 1956 through August 7, 1957; or November 1, 1958 through April 30, 
1959; and
    (iv) Assignment to official military duties at Naval Shipyards 
involving the decontamination of ships that participated in Operation 
Crossroads.
    (2) Service during the occupation of Hiroshima or Nagasaki, Japan, 
by U.S. forces during the period beginning on August 6, 1945, and 
ending on July 1, 1946. This includes official military duties within 
10 miles of the city limits of either Hiroshima or Nagasaki, Japan, 
that were required to perform or support military occupation functions 
such as occupation of territory, control of the population, 
stabilization of the government, demilitarization of the Japanese 
military, rehabilitation of the infrastructure, or deactivation and 
conversion of war plants or materials.
    (3) Internment as a prisoner of war in Japan during World War II, 
or service on active duty in Japan immediately following such 
internment, resulting in an opportunity for exposure to ionizing 
radiation comparable to that of the U.S. occupation forces in Hiroshima 
or Nagasaki, Japan, during the period beginning August 6, 1945, and 
ending July 1, 1946. This includes a former prisoner of war who at any 
time during the period August 6, 1945, through July 1, 1946:
    (i) Was interned within 75 miles of the city limits of Hiroshima or 
within 150 miles of the city limits of Nagasaki;
    (ii) Can affirmatively show that he or she worked within an area 
described in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section although not interned 
in either area;
    (iii) Immediately following internment, performed official military 
duties described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section; or
    (iv) Was repatriated through the port of Nagasaki.
    (4) Official military duties on the grounds of a gaseous diffusion 
plant located in Paducah, Kentucky, Portsmouth, Ohio, or the area 
identified as K25 at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for a total of at least 250 
days before February 1, 1992, if, during such service the veteran:
    (i) Was monitored for exposure to radiation of external parts of 
the body by a dosimetry badge each of the 250 days at the plant; or
    (ii) For each of the 250 days, served in a position that had 
exposures comparable to a job that is or was monitored through the use 
of dosimetry badges.

    Note to paragraph (c)(4):
    For purposes of this paragraph (c)(4), the term day refers to 
all or any portion of a calendar day.

    (5) Service before January 1, 1974, on Amchitka Island, Alaska, if 
the veteran was exposed to ionizing radiation in the performance of 
duty related to the Long Shot, Milrow, or Cannikin underground nuclear 
tests.
    (6) Service in a capacity that would qualify the person for 
inclusion as a member of the Special Exposure Cohort under section 
3621(14) of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 
Program Act of 2000, 42 U.S.C. 7384l(14) if it had been performed as an 
employee of the Department of Energy.
    (d) Atmospheric detonation. For purposes of this section, the term 
``atmospheric detonation'' includes underwater nuclear detonations.
    (e) Operational period. For purposes of this section, for tests 
conducted by the U.S., the term operational period means:
    (1) For Operation TRINITY, the period July 16, 1945, through August 
6, 1945;
    (2) For Operation CROSSROADS, the period July 1, 1946, through 
August 31, 1946;
    (3) For Operation SANDSTONE, the period April 15, 1948, through May 
20, 1948;
    (4) For Operation RANGER, the period January 27, 1951, through 
February 6, 1951;
    (5) For Operation GREENHOUSE, the period April 8, 1951, through 
June 20, 1951;
    (6) For Operation BUSTER-JANGLE, the period October 22, 1951, 
through December 20, 1951;
    (7) For Operation TUMBLER-SNAPPER, the period April 1, 1952, 
through June 20, 1952;
    (8) For Operation IVY, the period November 1, 1952, through 
December 31, 1952;
    (9) For Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, the period March 17, 1953, 
through June 20, 1953;
    (10) For Operation CASTLE, the period March 1, 1954, through May 
31, 1954;
    (11) For Operation TEAPOT, the period February 18, 1955, through 
June 10, 1955;
    (12) For Operation WIGWAM, the period May 14, 1955, through May 15, 
1955;
    (13) For Operation REDWING, the period May 5, 1956, through August 
6, 1956;
    (14) For Operation PLUMBBOB, the period May 28, 1957, through 
October 22, 1957;
    (15) For Operation HARDTACK I, the period April 28, 1958, through 
October 31, 1958;
    (16) For Operation ARGUS, the period August 27, 1958, through 
September 10, 1958;
    (17) For Operation HARDTACK II, the period September 19, 1958, 
through October 31, 1958;
    (18) For Operation DOMINIC I, the period April 25, 1962, through 
December 31, 1962; and
    (19) For Operation DOMINIC II/PLOWSHARE, the period July 6, 1962, 
through August 15, 1962.

    Note to Sec.  5.268: If this section does not apply in a 
particular case, VA will consider service connection under Sec.  
5.269, Direct service connection for diseases associated with 
exposure to ionizing radiation.


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1112(c), 1137)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reserve 
component''. Sec.  5.140, Determining former prisoner of war status, 
for the definition of ``former prisoner of war''.


Sec.  5.269  Direct service connection for diseases associated with 
exposure to ionizing radiation.

    (a) Scope. This section does not establish a presumption of service 
connection. It establishes standards and procedures VA will apply when 
a claim for service connection is based on exposure to ionizing 
radiation during active military service, and is for a disease that is 
not presumed service connected under Sec.  5.268. Service connection 
will not be granted under this section unless the veteran meets all of 
the requirements of (1), (2), and (3) of this paragraph (a). If a 
veteran meets these requirements, then before adjudication the VA 
agency of original jurisdiction (AOJ) will refer the claim to the Under 
Secretary for Benefits for further consideration in accordance with 
paragraph (d) of this section.
    (1) The veteran was exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of 
participation in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, the 
occupation of Hiroshima or Nagasaki, Japan, from September 1945 until 
July 1946 or any other claimed in-service event;
    (2) The veteran subsequently developed a radiogenic disease listed 
in paragraph (b) of this section; and
    (3) The disease first became manifest within the period specified 
in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Radiogenic disease. For purposes of this section, radiogenic 
disease means a disease that may be induced by ionizing radiation.

[[Page 71214]]

    (1) Listed diseases. The following table lists diseases that VA 
will consider radiogenic when they manifest within the associated 
manifestation period.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Disease                                            Manifestation period
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bone cancer................................  No later than 30 years after exposure.
Cancer (any other not listed)..............  5 years or more after last exposure.
Leukemia (all forms except chronic           At any time after exposure.
 lymphatic (lymphocytic)).
Lymphomas other than Hodgkin's disease.....  5 years or more after last exposure.
Non-malignant thyroid nodular disease......  5 years or more after last exposure.
Parathyroid adenoma........................  5 years or more after last exposure.
Posterior subcapsular cataracts............  6 months or more after exposure.
Tumors of the brain and central nervous      5 years or more after last exposure.
 system.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Polycythemia vera. Public Law 98-542 requires VA to determine 
whether sound medical and scientific evidence supports establishing a 
rule identifying polycythemia vera as a radiogenic disease. VA has 
determined that sound medical and scientific evidence does not support 
including polycythemia vera on the list of known radiogenic diseases 
under this regulation. Even so, VA will consider a claim based on the 
assertion that polycythemia vera is a radiogenic disease under the 
provisions of paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (3) Other diseases. If a claimant claims disability compensation 
for a disease based on ionizing radiation exposure and that disease is 
not one listed in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, VA will consider 
the claim under this section if the claimant has cited or filed 
competent scientific or medical evidence that the claimed condition is 
a radiogenic disease.
    (c) Development of dose assessment by a VA agency of original 
jurisdiction--(1) Dose assessment request. In all claims for service 
connection for a radiogenic disease under this section, the AOJ will 
request a dose assessment to determine the likelihood that exposure to 
ionizing radiation in service caused the veteran's disease. The AOJ 
will request a dose assessment as follows:
    (i) Atmospheric nuclear weapons test participation claims. In all 
claims based upon participation in atmospheric nuclear testing, the AOJ 
will request dose assessment from the appropriate office of the 
Department of Defense.
    (ii) Hiroshima and Nagasaki occupation claims. In all claims based 
on participation in the American occupation of Hiroshima or Nagasaki, 
Japan, prior to July 1, 1946, the AOJ will request a dose assessment 
from the appropriate office of the Department of Defense.
    (iii) Other exposure claims. In all other claims involving ionizing 
radiation exposure, the AOJ will request any available records 
concerning the veteran's exposure to ionizing radiation from the proper 
custodian, as described in this paragraph (c). These records normally 
include, but are not limited to, the veteran's Record of Occupational 
Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (DD Form 1141), if maintained; service 
treatment records; dose records from the radiation dosimetry office of 
the veteran's branch of military service; and other records that might 
contain information pertaining to the veteran's ionizing radiation dose 
in service. The AOJ will forward all such records to the Under 
Secretary for Health, who will prepare a dose assessment, to the extent 
feasible, based on available methodologies. As used in this section, 
``the Under Secretary for Health'' includes his or her designees.
    (2) When a dose assessment obtained under paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section is reported as a range of doses to which a veteran may have 
been exposed, VA will presume exposure at the highest level of the 
range reported.
    (3) Evidence substantiating exposure. For purposes of paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section, VA will not require a veteran or a 
veteran's survivors to produce evidence substantiating exposure, if the 
information in the veteran's service records or other records 
maintained by the Department of Defense is consistent with the 
assertion that the veteran was present where and when the claimed 
exposure occurred.
    (4) Presence at a nuclear site. For purposes of paragraphs 
(c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section, if military records do not 
establish presence at or absence from a site at which exposure to 
ionizing radiation is claimed to have occurred, VA will concede the 
veteran's presence at the site. Conceding presence under this section 
does not confer entitlement to the presumptive provisions of Sec.  
5.268.
    (d) Submission to the Under Secretary for Benefits. (1) After the 
development in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section has been 
completed, except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the 
AOJ will forward the dose assessment and any other evidence, along with 
the veteran's claims file, to the Under Secretary for Benefits for 
review.
    (2) After the development in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this 
section has been completed, the AOJ will decide the claim based on 
general principles of service connection without forwarding the claims 
file to the Under Secretary for Benefits for review if the evidence 
establishes that any of the following is true:
    (i) The claimed disability or disease is not radiogenic (as 
provided in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section);
    (ii) The disease did not become manifest during the time period 
specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section; or
    (iii) The veteran was either not exposed to ionizing radiation in 
service as claimed or the actual or estimated dose exposure was 
reported to be 0 rem.
    (e) Review and action by the Under Secretary for Benefits--(1) 
Referral to the Under Secretary for Health. The Under Secretary for 
Benefits will review the evidence of record and may request an advisory 
medical opinion from the Under Secretary for Health as to whether the 
veteran's disease resulted from exposure to ionizing radiation in 
service. The Under Secretary for Health will also review any records 
obtained and the dose assessment(s) prepared. The Under Secretary for 
Health will prepare and send his or her advisory medical opinion to the 
Under Secretary for Benefits.
    (2) Reconciliation of dose assessments. (i) Reconciliation by the 
Under Secretary for Benefits. Prior to referral to the Under Secretary 
for Health, the Under Secretary for Benefits will reconcile any 
material difference between the dose assessment obtained through the 
development process in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and the dose 
assessment from a credible source filed by or on behalf of the 
claimant.
    (ii) Independent expert opinion. The Under Secretary for Benefits 
will

[[Page 71215]]

request an opinion from an independent expert when it is necessary to 
reconcile a material difference described in paragraph (e)(2)(i) of 
this section. The Director of the National Institutes of Health is 
responsible for selecting the independent expert. VA will forward the 
assessments and supporting documentation of record to the independent 
expert, who will then prepare a separate radiation dose assessment for 
consideration in adjudicating the claim. For purposes of this paragraph 
(e):
    (A) The difference between the claimant's assessment and the dose 
assessment derived from official military records will ordinarily be 
considered material if one assessment is at least double the other 
assessment.
    (B) A dose assessment will be considered to be from a ``credible 
source'' if prepared by a person or persons certified by an appropriate 
professional body in the field of health physics, nuclear medicine or 
radiology and if based on analysis of the facts and circumstances of 
the particular claim.
    (f) Opinion of the Under Secretary for Benefits. (1) General rule. 
When the Under Secretary for Benefits receives the Under Secretary for 
Health's advisory medical opinion, he or she will review it, along with 
the evidence of record. If the Under Secretary for Benefits is 
convinced that sound scientific and medical evidence supports the 
determination that it is at least as likely as not that the veteran's 
disease resulted from ionizing radiation in service, he or she will 
inform the AOJ of this determination in writing. This document must 
include the rationale for the determination, including an evaluation of 
the claim based on the following:
    (i) The probable dose, in terms of dose type, rate, and duration as 
a factor in inducing the disease, taking into account any known 
limitations in the dosimetry devices employed in its measurement or the 
methodologies employed in its estimation;
    (ii) The relative sensitivity of the involved tissue to induction 
of the specific pathology by ionizing radiation;
    (iii) The veteran's gender and pertinent family history;
    (iv) The veteran's age at time of exposure;
    (v) The time between exposure and onset of the disease; and
    (vi) The extent to which exposure to ionizing radiation, or other 
carcinogens, outside of service may have contributed to development of 
the disease.
    (2) Definitions. For purposes of paragraph (e)(1) of this section, 
the term sound scientific evidence means observations, findings, or 
conclusions that are statistically and epidemiologically valid, are 
statistically significant, are capable of replication, and are capable 
of withstanding peer review. The term sound medical evidence means 
observations, findings, or conclusions that are consistent with current 
medical knowledge and are so reasonable and logical as to serve as the 
basis of management of a medical condition.
    (3) Determination of no reasonable possibility of causation. If the 
Under Secretary for Benefits determines there is no reasonable 
possibility that the veteran's disease resulted from ionizing radiation 
exposure in service, he or she will inform the AOJ in writing, stating 
the rationale for this conclusion.
    (4) Request for an outside consultant. The Under Secretary for 
Benefits will request an opinion from an outside consultant when, after 
review of the evidence, including the opinion of the Under Secretary 
for Health, the Under Secretary for Benefits is unable to determine 
whether it is at least as likely as not, or whether there is no 
reasonable possibility, that the veteran's disease resulted from 
ionizing radiation exposure in service. The Under Secretary for Health 
will select the consultant from outside VA, based on the recommendation 
of the Director of the National Cancer Institute. The written request 
to the consultant will include copies of pertinent medical records, 
and, where available, dose assessments from official sources, credible 
sources, and independent experts. The request will identify the 
following elements:
    (i) The disease, including the specific cell type and stage, if 
known, and when the disease first became manifest;
    (ii) The circumstances, including date, of the veteran's exposure;
    (iii) The veteran's age, gender, and pertinent family history;
    (iv) The veteran's history of exposure to known carcinogens, 
occupationally or otherwise;
    (v) Evidence of any other effects ionizing radiation exposure may 
have had on the veteran; and
    (vi) Any other information relevant to determination of causation 
of the veteran's disease.
    (5) Consultant's opinion. The consultant will evaluate the claim 
based on the factors specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section. The 
consultant will provide his or her opinion in writing and state whether 
it is either likely, unlikely, or at least as likely as not that the 
veteran's disease resulted from exposure to ionizing radiation in 
service. The consultant will provide his or her rationale supporting 
the opinion.
    (6) Review of consultant's opinion. The consultant will send the 
opinion to the Under Secretary for Benefits who will review it and 
transmit it with any comments to the AOJ for use in adjudication of the 
claim.
    (g) Adjudication of claim. The AOJ will adjudicate the claim under 
the generally applicable provisions of this part, giving due 
consideration to all evidence of record, including any opinions 
provided by the Under Secretary for Benefits, the Under Secretary for 
Health, or any outside consultants, and the evaluations published 
pursuant to 38 CFR 1.17.
    (h) Supervening cause in claims based on exposure to ionizing 
radiation. In no case will service connection be established if 
evidence establishes that a supervening condition or event unrelated to 
service is more likely the cause of the disease than was exposure to 
ionizing radiation in service.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501; Pub. L. 98-542, 98 Stat. 2725)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1,for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction,'',''competent evidence,'' ``service treatment 
records.''


Sec.  5.270  Presumption of service connection for amyotrophic lateral 
sclerosis.

    (a) Development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Except as 
provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the development of 
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis manifested at any time after discharge or 
release from active military service is sufficient to establish service 
connection for that disease.
    (b) Denial of service connection. Service connection will not be 
established under this section if:
    (1) The veteran did not have active, continuous service of 90 days 
or more; or If there is affirmative evidence that amyotrophic lateral 
sclerosis was not incurred during or aggravated by active military 
service;
    (2) The presumption of service connection is rebutted in accordance 
with Sec.  5.260(c).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a)(1))

Sec.  5.271  Presumption of service connection for infectious diseases.

    (a) A disease listed in paragraph (b) of this section will be 
service connected if it becomes manifest in a veteran with a qualifying 
period of service, provided the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section are also satisfied.
    (b) The diseases referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are 
the following:

[[Page 71216]]

    (1) Brucellosis.
    (2) Campylobacter jejuni.
    (3) Coxiella burnetii (Q fever).
    (4) Malaria.
    (5) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    (6) Nontyphoid Salmonella.
    (7) Shigella.
    (8) Visceral leishmaniasis.
    (9) West Nile virus.
    (c) The diseases listed in paragraph (b) of this section will be 
considered to have been incurred in or aggravated by service under the 
circumstances outlined in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section 
even though there is no evidence of such disease during the period of 
service.
    (1) With three exceptions, the disease must have become manifest to 
a degree of 10 percent or more disabling no later than 1 year after the 
date of separation from a qualifying period of service as specified in 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Malaria must have become manifest to 
a degree of 10 percent or more disabling no later than 1 year after the 
date of separation from a qualifying period of service or at a time 
when standard or accepted medical literature indicate that the 
incubation period commenced during a qualifying period of service. 
There is no time limit for visceral leishmaniasis or tuberculosis to 
have become manifest to a degree of 10 percent or more disabling.
    (2) For purposes of this section, the term qualifying period of 
service means either:
    (i) A period of active military service in Afghanistan after 
September 18, 2001; or
    (ii) A period of active military service in the Southwest Asia 
theater of operations during the Persian Gulf War. The Southwest Asia 
theater of operations means Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the neutral 
zone between Iraq and Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab 
Emirates, Oman, the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, 
the Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and the airspace above these locations.
    (d) Long-term health effects potentially associated with infectious 
diseases--(1) A report of the Institute of Medicine of the National 
Academy of Sciences has identified the following long-term health 
effects that potentially are associated with the infectious diseases 
listed in paragraph (b) of this section. These health effects and 
diseases are listed alphabetically and are not categorized by the level 
of association stated in the National Academy of Sciences report (see 
Table to Sec.  5.271). If a veteran who has or had an infectious 
disease listed in the table also has a health effect identified in the 
table as potentially related to that infectious disease, VA must 
determine, based on the evidence in each case, whether the infectious 
disease caused the health effect for purposes of determining 
entitlement to disability compensation. This does not preclude a 
finding that other manifestations of disability or secondary conditions 
were caused by an infectious disease.
    (2) If a veteran presumed service connected for one of the diseases 
listed in paragraph (b) of this section has one of the health effects 
listed in the table, which manifests within the period specified, or at 
any time if no period is specified, VA will request a medical opinion 
as to whether it is at least as likely as not that the veteran's 
infectious disease actually caused the associated health effect.

 Table to Sec.   5.271--Long-Term Health Effects Potentially Associated
                        With Infectious Diseases
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Infectious disease                      Health effect
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brucellosis.......................   Arthritis.
                                     Cardiovascular, nervous,
                                     and respiratory system infections.
                                     Chronic meningitis and
                                     meningoencephalitis.
                                     Deafness.
                                     Demyelinating
                                     meningovascular syndromes.
                                     Episcleritis.
                                     Fatigue, inattention,
                                     amnesia, and depression.
                                     Guillain-Barr[eacute]
                                     syndrome.
                                     Hepatic abnormalities,
                                     including granulomatous hepatitis.
                                     Multifocal choroiditis.
                                     Myelitis-radiculoneuritis.
                                     Nummular keratitis.
                                     Papilledema.
                                     Optic neuritis.
                                     Orchioepididymitis and
                                     infections of the genitourinary
                                     system.
                                     Sensorineural hearing loss.
                                     Spondylitis.
                                     Uveitis.
Campylobacter jejuni..............   Guillain-Barr[eacute]
                                     syndrome if manifest within 2
                                     months of the infection.
                                     Reactive arthritis if
                                     manifest within 3 months of the
                                     infection.
                                     Uveitis if manifest within
                                     1 month of the infection.
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever).......   Chronic hepatitis.
                                     Endocarditis.
                                     Osteomyelitis.
                                     Post-Q-fever chronic
                                     fatigue syndrome.
                                     Vascular infection.
Malaria...........................   Demyelinating
                                     polyneuropathy.
                                     Guillain-Barr[eacute]
                                     syndrome.
                                     Hematologic manifestations
                                     (particularly anemia after
                                     falciparum malaria and splenic
                                     rupture after vivax malaria).
                                     Immune-complex
                                     glomerulonephritis.
                                     Neurologic disease,
                                     neuropsychiatric disease, or both.
                                     Ophthalmologic
                                     manifestations, particularly
                                     retinal hemorrhage and scarring.
                                     Plasmodium falciparum.
                                     Plasmodium malariae.
                                     Plasmodium ovale.
                                     Plasmodium vivax.
                                     Renal disease, especially
                                     nephrotic syndrome.

[[Page 71217]]

 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis........   Active tuberculosis.
                                     Long-term adverse health
                                     outcomes due to irreversible tissue
                                     damage from severe forms of
                                     pulmonary and extrapulmonary
                                     tuberculosis and active
                                     tuberculosis.
Nontyphoid Salmonella.............   Reactive arthritis if
                                     manifest within 3 months of the
                                     infection.
Shigella..........................   Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
                                     if manifest within 1 month of the
                                     infection.
                                     Reactive arthritis if
                                     manifest within 3 months of the
                                     infection.
Visceral leishmaniasis............   Delayed presentation of the
                                     acute clinical syndrome.
                                     Post-kala-azar dermal
                                     leishmaniasis if manifest within 2
                                     years of the infection.
                                     Reactivation of visceral
                                     leishmaniasis in the context of
                                     future immunosuppression.
West Nile virus...................   Variable physical,
                                     functional, or cognitive
                                     disability.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. Sec.  5.272-5.279  [Reserved]

Rating Service-Connected Disabilities


Sec.  5.280  General rating principles.

    (a) Use of rating schedule. VA will use the Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter to rate the degree of 
disabilities in claims for disability compensation and in eligibility 
determinations. Instructions for using the schedule are in part 4 of 
this chapter.
    (b) Extra-schedular ratings in unusual cases. (1) Disability 
compensation. To accord justice to the exceptional case where the 
Veterans Service Center (VSC) finds the VA Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities to be inadequate to rate a specific service-connected 
disability, the Under Secretary for Benefits or the Director of the 
Compensation Service, upon VSC submission, is authorized to approve on 
the basis of the criteria set forth in this paragraph (b) an extra-
schedular rating commensurate with the average impairment of earning 
capacity due exclusively to the disability. The governing norm in these 
exceptional cases is a finding that the application of the regular 
schedular standards is impractical because the disability is 
exceptional or unusual due to such related factors as:
    (i) Marked interference with employment, or
    (ii) Frequent periods of hospitalization.
    (2) Effective date. The effective date of an extra-schedular 
rating, either granting or increasing disability compensation, will be 
in accordance with Sec.  5.311 in original and reopened claims, and in 
accordance with Sec.  5.312 in claims for increased benefits.
    (c) Advisory opinions. The VSC may submit to the Director of the 
Compensation Service for advisory opinion cases in which it does not 
understand the application of the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in 
part 4 of this chapter or in which the propriety of an extra-schedular 
rating is questionable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1155)

Sec.  5.281  Multiple 0 percent service-connected disabilities.

    VA will assign a 10-percent combined rating to a veteran with two 
or more permanent service-connected disabilities that are each rated as 
0 percent disabling under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 
4 of this chapter, if the combined effect of such disabilities 
interferes with normal employability. VA cannot assign this 10 percent 
rating if the veteran has any other compensable rating.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1155)

Sec.  5.282  Special consideration for paired organs and extremities.

    (a) General rule. VA will pay disability compensation for the 
combination of service-connected and nonservice-connected disabilities 
involving paired organs and extremities described in paragraph (b) of 
this section as if the nonservice-connected disability were service 
connected, but VA will not pay compensation for the nonservice-
connected disability if the veteran's willful misconduct proximately 
caused it.
    (b) Qualifying combination of disabilities. Disability compensation 
under paragraph (a) of this section is payable for the following 
disability combinations:
    (1) Service-connected impairment of vision in one eye and 
nonservice-connected impairment of vision in the other eye if:
    (i) The impairment of vision in each eye is rated at a visual 
acuity of 20/200 or less; or
    (ii) The peripheral field of vision for each eye is 20 degrees or 
less.
    (2) Service-connected anatomical loss or loss of use of one kidney 
and nonservice-connected involvement of the other kidney.
    (3) Service-connected hearing impairment in one ear compensable to 
a degree of 10 percent or more disabling and nonservice-connected 
hearing impairment in the other ear that meets the provisions of Sec.  
5.366.
    (4) Service-connected anatomical loss or loss of use of one hand or 
foot and nonservice-connected anatomical loss or loss of use of the 
other hand or foot.
    (5) Permanent service-connected disability of one lung rated as 50 
percent or more disabling and nonservice-connected disability of the 
other lung.
    (c) Offset of judgment, settlement, or compromise--(1) Required 
offset. If a veteran receives money or property of value in a judgment, 
settlement, or compromise from a cause of action for a qualifying 
nonservice-connected disability involving an organ or extremity 
described in paragraph (b) of this section, VA will offset the value of 
such judgment, settlement, or compromise against the increased 
disability compensation payable under this section.
    (2) Offset procedure. Beginning the first of the month after the 
veteran receives the money or property as damages, VA will not pay the 
increased disability compensation payable under this section until the 
total amount of such increased compensation that would otherwise have 
been payable equals the total amount of any money received as damages 
and the fair market value of any property received as damages. VA will 
not withhold the increased disability compensation payable before the 
end of the month in which the money or property was received.
    (3) Exception for Social Security or workers' compensation 
benefits. Benefits received for the qualifying nonservice-connected 
disability under Social Security or workers' compensation laws are not 
subject to the offset described in paragraph (c)(1) of

[[Page 71218]]

this section, even if the benefits are awarded in a judicial 
proceeding.
    (4) Duty to report receipt of judgment, settlement, or compromise. 
A veteran entitled to receive increased disability compensation under 
this section must report to VA the total amount of any money and the 
fair market value of any property received as damages described in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Expenses related to the cause of 
action, such as attorneys' fees, cannot be deducted from the total 
amount to be reported.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1160)

Sec.  5.283  Total and permanent total ratings and unemployability.

    (a) Total disability ratings--(1) General. VA will consider total 
disability to exist when any impairment of mind or body renders it 
impossible for the average person to follow a substantially gainful 
occupation. VA generally will not assign total ratings for temporary 
exacerbations or acute infectious diseases except where the Schedule 
for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter (the Schedule) 
specifically prescribes total ratings for temporary exacerbations or 
acute infectious diseases. For compensation purposes, a total 
disability rating may be granted without regard to whether the 
impairment is shown to be permanent.
    (2) Schedular rating or total disability rating based on individual 
unemployability. VA may assign a total rating for any disability or 
combination of disabilities in the following cases:
    (i) The Schedule prescribes a 100 percent rating, or
    (ii) In a case in which VA assigns a rating of less than 100 
percent, if the veteran meets the requirements of Sec.  4.16 of this 
chapter or, in pension cases, the requirements of Sec.  4.17 of this 
chapter.
    (3) Ratings of total disability based on history. In the case of a 
disability that has undergone some recent improvement, VA may 
nonetheless assign a rating of total disability, provided:
    (i) That the disability was severe enough in the past to warrant a 
total disability rating;
    (ii) That the disability:
    (A) Required extended, continuous, or intermittent hospitalization;
    (B) Produced total industrial incapacity for at least 1 year; or
    (C) Results in recurring, severe, frequent, or prolonged 
exacerbations; and
    (iii) That it is the opinion of the agency of original jurisdiction 
(AOJ) that, despite the recent improvement of the physical condition, 
the veteran will be unable to adjust into a substantially gainful 
occupation. The AOJ will consider the frequency and duration of totally 
incapacitating exacerbations since incurrence of the original injury or 
disease and the periods of hospitalization for treatment in determining 
whether the average person could reestablish himself or herself in a 
substantially gainful occupation.
    (b) Permanent total disability. VA will consider a total disability 
to be permanent when an impairment of mind or body that makes it 
impossible for the average person to follow a substantially gainful 
occupation is reasonably certain to continue throughout the life of the 
disabled person.
    (1) VA will consider the following disabilities or conditions as 
constituting a permanent total disability:
    (i) The permanent anatomical loss or loss of use of both hands, or 
of both feet, or of one hand and one foot;
    (ii) The anatomical loss or loss of sight of both eyes;
    (iii) Being permanently so significantly disabled as to need 
regular aid and attendance; or
    (iv) Being permanently bedridden.
    (2) VA will consider an injury or disease of long-standing that is 
actually totally incapacitating as a permanent total disability, if the 
probability of permanent improvement under treatment is remote.
    (3) VA may not assign a permanent total disability rating as a 
result of any incapacity from acute infectious disease, accident, or 
injury, unless there is present the permanent anatomical loss or loss 
of use of extremities or the permanent anatomical loss or loss of sight 
of both eyes, as described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the 
person is permanently so significantly disabled as to need regular aid 
and attendance or permanently bedridden, or when it is reasonably 
certain that following a decrease of the acute or temporary symptoms 
the person will continue to be totally disabled due to residuals of the 
disease, accident, or injury.
    (4) VA may consider the age of the disabled person in determining 
whether a total disability is permanent.
    (c) Insurance ratings. A rating of permanent and total disability 
for insurance purposes will have no effect on a rating for compensation 
or pension.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1155)

Sec.  5.284  Total disability ratings for disability compensation 
purposes.

    (a) General. Subject to the limitation in paragraph (b) of this 
section, total disability compensation ratings may be assigned under 
the provisions of Sec.  5.283.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1155)


    (b) Incarcerated veterans. VA will not assign a total disability 
rating based on individual unemployability for compensation purposes 
while a veteran is incarcerated in a Federal, State, or local penal 
institution for conviction of a felony if the rating would first become 
effective during such period of incarceration. However, VA will 
reconsider the case to determine if continued eligibility for such 
rating exists if a total disability rating based on individual 
unemployability existed prior to incarceration for the felony and 
routine review was required.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5313(c))


    (c) Program for vocational rehabilitation. Each time VA assigns a 
total disability rating based on individual unemployability, the agency 
of original jurisdiction will inform the Vocational Rehabilitation and 
Employment Service of the rating so the Vocational Rehabilitation and 
Employment Service may offer to evaluate whether it is reasonably 
feasible for the veteran to achieve a vocational goal.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1163)

Sec.  5.285  Discontinuance of total disability ratings.

    (a) General. VA will not reduce a total disability rating that was 
based on the severity of a person's disability or disabilities without 
examination showing material improvement in physical or mental 
condition. VA may reduce a total disability rating that was based on 
the severity of a person's disability or disabilities without 
examination if the rating was based on clear error.
    (1) VA will consider examination reports showing material 
improvement in conjunction with all the facts of record, including 
whether:
    (i) The veteran improved under the ordinary conditions of life, 
i.e., while working or actively seeking work; or
    (ii) The symptoms have been brought under control by prolonged rest 
or by following a regimen which precludes work.
    (2) If either circumstance in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section 
applies, VA will not reduce a total disability rating until VA has 
reexamined the person after a period of 3 to 6 months of employment.
    (3) Paragraphs (a) introductory text, (a)(1), and (a)(2) of this 
section do not apply to a total rating that was purely based on 
hospital, surgical, or residence treatment, or individual 
unemployability.

[[Page 71219]]

    (b) Individual unemployability. (1) VA may reduce a service-
connected total disability rating based on individual unemployability 
upon a showing of clear and convincing evidence of actual 
employability.
    (2) When a veteran with a total disability rating based on 
individual unemployability is undergoing vocational rehabilitation, 
education, or training, VA will not reduce the rating because of that 
rehabilitation, education, or training unless the AOJ receives:
    (i) Evidence of marked improvement or recovery in physical or 
mental conditions that demonstrates affirmatively the veteran's 
capacity to pursue the vocation or occupation for which the training is 
intended to qualify him or her;
    (ii) Evidence of employment progress, income earned, and prospects 
of economic rehabilitation that demonstrates affirmatively the 
veteran's capacity to pursue the vocation or occupation for which the 
training is intended to qualify him or her; or
    (iii) Evidence that the physical or mental demands of the course 
are obviously incompatible with total disability.
    (3) Neither participation in, nor the receipt of remuneration as a 
result of participation in, a therapeutic or rehabilitation activity 
under 38 U.S.C. 1718 will be considered evidence of employability.
    (4) If a veteran with a total disability rating based on individual 
unemployability begins a substantially gainful occupation, VA may not 
reduce the veteran's rating solely on the basis of having secured and 
followed such substantially gainful occupation unless the veteran 
maintains the occupation for a period of 12 consecutive months. For 
purposes of this paragraph (b)(4), VA will not consider brief 
interruptions in employment to be breaks in otherwise continuous 
employment.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1155, 1163(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.170, Calculation of 5-year, 10-year, 
and 20-year periods to qualify for protection, and 5.172, protection of 
continuous 20-year ratings.


Sec. Sec.  5.286-5.299  [Reserved]

Additional Disability Compensation Based on a Dependent Parent


Sec.  5.300  Establishing dependency of a parent.

    (a) Conclusive dependency. (1) VA will find that a veteran's parent 
is dependent if the parent is not residing in a foreign country and the 
parent's monthly income, as counted in accordance with Sec. Sec.  5.302 
through 5.304, does not exceed the following amounts:
    (i) $400 for a mother or father, or a remarried parent and parent's 
spouse, not living together, or $660 for a mother and father, or a 
remarried parent and parent's spouse, living together; or
    (ii) $185 for each additional family member, as defined by 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) If a parent meets the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section, VA will not consider net worth.
    (b) Factual dependency. If a parent does not meet the requirements 
of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the veteran must establish 
dependency of the parent based on the following rules:
    (1) Income requirement. VA will find dependency if the parent does 
not have sufficient income to provide reasonable maintenance for the 
parent, a parent's spouse living together with the parent, and any 
additional family members, as defined in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (i) Reasonable maintenance includes not just basic necessities such 
as housing, food, clothing, and medical care, but also other items 
generally necessary to provide those conveniences and comforts of 
living consistent with the parent's reasonable style of life.
    (ii) A finding that the parent's income includes financial 
contributions from the veteran does not establish that the parent is 
the veteran's dependent. VA will consider such contributions in 
connection with all of the other evidence when deciding factual 
dependency.
    (iii) Income of a minor family member from business or property 
will be considered income of the parent only if it is actually 
available to the veteran's parent for the minor's support.
    (2) Net worth considered. (i) VA will not find that dependency of a 
parent exists when some part of the parent's net worth should 
reasonably be used for that parent's maintenance. See Sec.  5.414 for 
the factors used to determine whether net worth should reasonably be 
used for maintenance.
    (ii) Net worth of a minor family member will be considered in 
determining dependency of a parent only if it is actually available to 
the veteran's parent for the minor's support.
    (c) Definition of family member. For purposes of this section, the 
term family member means a relative who lives with the parent, other 
than a spouse, whom the parent is under a moral or legal obligation to 
support. This includes, but is not limited to, a relative under the 
legal age in the state where the parent resides, a relative of any age 
who is dependent on the parent because of physical or mental 
incapacity, and a relative who is physically absent from the household 
for a temporary purpose or for reasons beyond the relative's control.
    (d) Duty to report change in dependency status. If a veteran is 
receiving additional disability compensation because of a parent's 
dependency and the parent's income exceeds the applicable amount 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the veteran must report 
an increase in the parent's income or net worth to VA when the veteran 
acquires knowledge of the increase. Failure to report such an increase 
may create an overpayment subject to recovery by VA.
    (e) Remarriage of a parent. Dependency will not be discontinued 
solely because a parent has married or remarried after VA has granted 
additional disability compensation for a dependent parent. Additional 
disability compensation for a parent's dependency will be continued if 
evidence is filed showing that the parent continues to meet the 
requirement for a finding of conclusive dependency or factual 
dependency under this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 102, 1115, 1135)

Sec.  5.301  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.302  General income rules--parent's dependency.

    (a) All payments included in income. VA will count all payments of 
any kind from any source in determining the income of a veteran's 
parent, except as provided in Sec.  5.304, Exclusions from income--
parent's dependency. For the definition of ``payments'', see Sec.  
5.370(h).
    (b) Spousal income combined. The dependent parent's income includes 
the income of the parent and the parent's spouse, unless the marriage 
has been terminated or the parent is legally separated from his or her 
spouse. Income is combined whether the parent's spouse is the veteran's 
other parent or the veteran's stepparent. The income of the parent's 
spouse will be subject to the same rules that are applicable to 
determining the income of the veteran's parent.
    (c) Income of family members under 21 years of age. VA will count 
income earned by a family member who is under 21 years of age but will 
consider income from a business or property (including trusts) of such 
a family member only if that income is actually available to the 
veteran's parent for the support of that family member. For purposes of 
this section, ``family member'' is defined in Sec.  5.300(c).
    (d) Income-producing property. VA will count income from all 
property, real or personal, in which a veteran's

[[Page 71220]]

parent has an interest. See Sec.  5.410(f) for how VA determines 
ownership of property.
    (e) Calculation of income from profit on the sale of property. The 
following rules apply when determining the amount of income a parent 
receives from net profit on the sale of business or non-business real 
or personal property, except for net profit on the sale of a parent's 
principal residence, which is governed by Sec.  5.304(h).
    (1) Value deducted from sales price. (i) If the parent purchased 
the property after VA established the veteran's entitlement to 
additional disability compensation based on the parent's dependency, VA 
will deduct the purchase price, including the cost of improvements, 
from the selling price to determine net profit.
    (ii) If the parent purchased the property before VA established the 
veteran's entitlement to additional disability compensation based on 
the parent's dependency, VA will deduct the value of the property on 
the date of entitlement from the selling price to determine net profit.
    (2) Installment sales. If the parent receives payments from the 
sale of the property in installments, such payments will not be 
considered income until the total amount received is equal to the 
purchase price of the property (including cost of improvements), or, 
where paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section applies, until the total 
amount received is equal to the value of the property on the date VA 
established the veteran's entitlement to additional disability 
compensation based on the parent's dependency. Principal and interest 
received with each payment will not be counted separately.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 102)

Sec.  5.303  Deductions from income--parent's dependency.

    (a) Expenses of a business or profession. VA will deduct from a 
parent's income necessary operating expenses of a business, farm, or 
profession. See Sec.  5.413 for how to calculate these expenses.
    (b) Expenses associated with recoveries for death or disability. VA 
will deduct from a parent's income medical, legal, or other expenses 
incident to injury or death from recoveries for such injury or death. 
For purposes of this paragraph (b), the recovery may be from any of the 
following sources:
    (1) Commercial disability, accident, life, or health insurance;
    (2) The Office of Workers' Compensation Programs of the U.S. 
Department of Labor;
    (3) The Social Security Administration;
    (4) The Railroad Retirement Board;
    (5) Any workmen's compensation or employer's liability statute; or
    (6) Legal damages collected for personal injury or death.
    (c) Certain salary deductions not deductible. For purpose of 
calculating a parent's income, a salary may not be reduced by the 
amount of deductions made under a retirement act or plan or for income 
tax withholding.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 102)

Sec.  5.304  Exclusions from income--parent's dependency.

    VA will exclude the following when calculating income for the 
purpose of establishing a parent's dependency:
    (a) Property rental value. The rental value of a residence a parent 
owns and lives in.
    (b) Certain waived retirement benefits. Retirement benefits from 
any of the following sources, if the benefits have been waived pursuant 
to Federal statute:
    (1) Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund;
    (2) Railroad Retirement Board;
    (3) District of Columbia for firemen, policemen, or public school 
teachers; or
    (4) Former U.S. Lighthouse Service.
    (c) Death gratuity. Death gratuity payments by the Secretary 
concerned under 10 U.S.C. 1475 through 1480. This includes death 
gratuity payments in lieu of payments under 10 U.S.C. 1478 made to 
certain survivors of Persian Gulf conflict veterans authorized by sec. 
307, Public Law 102-25, 105 Stat. 82.
    (d) Certain VA benefit payments. The following VA benefit payments:
    (1) Payments under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11, Compensation for Service-
Connected Disability or Death;
    (2) Payments under 38 U.S.C. chapter 13, Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation for Service-Connected Death;
    (3) Nonservice-connected VA disability and death pension payments;
    (4) Payments under 38 U.S.C. 5121, Payment of certain accrued 
benefits upon death of a beneficiary;
    (5) Payments under 38 U.S.C. 2302, Funeral expenses; and
    (6) The veteran's month-of-death rate paid to a surviving spouse 
under Sec.  5.695.
    (e) Certain life insurance payments. Payments under policies of 
Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance, U.S. Government Life Insurance, 
National Service Life Insurance, or Veterans' Group Life Insurance.
    (f) State service bonuses. Payments of a bonus or similar cash 
gratuity by any State based upon service in the Armed Forces.
    (g) Fire loss reimbursement. Proceeds from fire insurance.
    (h) Profit from sale of principal residence. Net profit from the 
sale of the parent's principal residence.
    (1) Extent of exclusion. VA will not count net profit realized from 
the sale of the parent's principal residence to the extent that it is 
applied within the calendar year of the sale, or the following calendar 
year, to the purchase price of another residence as the parent's 
principal residence.
    (2) Limitation on date of purchase of replacement residence. This 
exclusion does not apply if the parent applied the net profit from the 
sale to the price of a residence purchased earlier than the calendar 
year preceding the calendar year of sale of the old residence.
    (3) Time limit for reporting application of profit to purchase of 
replacement residence. To qualify for this exclusion, the veteran must 
report the application of the net profit from the sale of the old 
residence to the purchase of the replacement residence no later than 1 
year after the date it was so applied.
    (i) Payment for civic obligations. Payments received for discharge 
of jury duty or other obligatory civic duties.
    (j) Increased inventory value of a business. The value of an 
increase of stock inventory of a business.
    (k) Employer contributions. An employer's contributions to health 
and hospitalization plans for either an active or retired employee.
    (l) Caregiver stipend. The stipend for primary family caregivers 
authorized by 38 U.S.C. 1720G(a)(3)(A)(ii)(V) and 38 CFR 71.40(c)(4).
    (m) Other payments. Payments listed in Sec.  5.706.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 102)

Sec. Sec.  5.305-5.310  [Reserved]

Disability Compensation Effective Dates


Sec.  5.311  Effective dates--award of disability compensation.

    (a) Claim received no later than 1 year after discharge or release 
from active military service. If VA grants disability compensation 
based on a claim VA received no later than 1 year after the date the 
veteran was discharged or released from a continuous period of active 
military service during which the veteran incurred the injury or 
disease, the effective date of the award is the later of:
    (1) The day after such discharge or release from active military 
service; or
    (2) The date entitlement arose.

[[Page 71221]]

    (b) Claim received more than 1 year after discharge or release from 
active military service. If VA grants disability compensation based on 
a claim VA received more than 1 year after the date the veteran was 
discharged or released from a continuous period of active military 
service during which the veteran incurred the injury or disease, the 
effective date of the award is the date established by Sec.  5.150(a).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a), (b)(1))

Sec.  5.312  Effective dates--increased disability compensation.

    (a) Applicability. This section establishes the effective date of 
an award of increased disability compensation based on:
    (1) A higher disability rating under subpart B of the Schedule for 
Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter.
    (2) A higher disability rating under the extra-schedular provision 
in Sec.  5.280(b).
    (3) A higher disability rating under Sec.  4.16 of this chapter.
    (4) An award or a higher rate of special monthly compensation.

    Note to paragraph (a): This section does not establish the 
effective date of an award of secondary service connection under 
Sec.  5.246 or Sec.  5.247 which is governed by Sec.  5.311.

    (b) Effective date of increase--(1) Claim received no later than 1 
year after increase. An award of increased disability compensation will 
be effective on the date that the evidence warrants a higher disability 
rating, or an award or higher rate of special monthly compensation, if 
VA received a claim for increased disability compensation no later than 
1 year after that date.
    (2) Claim received more than 1 year after increase. An award of 
increased disability compensation will be effective on the date 
established by Sec.  5.150(a) if VA received a claim for increased 
disability compensation more than 1 year after the date that the 
evidence warrants a higher disability rating, or an award or higher 
rate of special monthly compensation.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a) and (b)(2))

Sec.  5.313  Effective dates--discontinuance of compensation for a 
total disability rating based on individual unemployability.

    (a) Scope. This section applies to discontinuance of a veteran's 
total disability rating based on individual unemployability (TDIU) 
after employability is regained or based on failure to return an 
employment questionnaire to VA.
    (b) Discontinuance on regaining employability. If VA determines 
that a veteran has regained employability, VA will discontinue the TDIU 
rating and assign the existing schedular rating. Assignment of the 
existing schedular rating and the reduction in disability compensation 
will be effective in accordance with paragraph (e) of Sec.  5.177.
    (c) Failure to return employment questionnaire. If a veteran fails 
to return an employment questionnaire to VA within the time specified 
in VA Form 21-4140, VA will discontinue the TDIU rating and assign the 
existing schedular rating. Assignment of the existing schedular rating 
and the reduction in disability compensation will be effective 
beginning the first day of the month after the month VA last paid TDIU 
benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(a) and (b)(6))

Sec.  5.314  Effective dates--discontinuance of additional disability 
compensation based on parental dependency.

    (a) Scope. This section applies to discontinuance of additional 
disability compensation paid to a veteran for a dependent parent if 
that parent is no longer dependent.
    (b) Discontinuance based on a change in a parent's economic status. 
If VA determines that a veteran's parent is no longer dependent due to 
an improvement in economic status, the additional disability 
compensation paid due to parental dependency will be discontinued as 
follows:
    (1) Increase in income. If dependency ends based on an increase in 
income, VA will discontinue paying the additional disability 
compensation on the first day of the month after the month in which the 
income increased.
    (2) Increase in net worth. If dependency ends based on an increase 
in net worth, VA will discontinue paying the additional disability 
compensation on the first day of the calendar year after the year in 
which the net worth increased.
    (c) Discontinuance based on a change in a parent's marital status. 
If VA determines that the marriage, remarriage, annulment of a 
marriage, or divorce of a dependent parent resulted in the end of 
dependency of that parent, VA will discontinue paying the additional 
disability compensation effective the first day of the month after the 
date the change in marital status occurred.
    (d) Discontinuance based on a parent's death. If a dependent parent 
dies, VA will discontinue paying the additional disability compensation 
on the first day of the month after the month of death.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(2) and (4))

Sec.  5.315  Effective dates--additional disability compensation based 
on decrease in the net worth of a dependent parent.

    (a) Scope. This rule applies under the following circumstances:
    (1) VA previously denied a claim or discontinued payments of 
additional disability compensation based upon parental dependency 
because of a parent's net worth;
    (2) The denial or discontinuation became final; and
    (3) Entitlement to additional disability compensation based upon 
parental dependency was subsequently established, or reestablished, 
because of a decrease in the parent's net worth.
    (b) Payment of additional compensation. If a parent's net worth 
decreases so that additional disability compensation based on parental 
dependency is warranted, VA will pay additional disability compensation 
as follows:
    (1) For claims filed before the actual decrease in net worth, 
effective the first day of the month after the month of the decrease; 
or
    (2) For claims filed after the actual decrease in net worth, 
effective the first day of the month after the receipt of a new claim 
for additional disability compensation.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110)

Sec. Sec.  5.316-5.319  [Reserved]

Special Monthly Compensation: General


Sec.  5.320  Determining need for regular aid and attendance.

    For purposes of this part, a person needs regular aid and 
attendance if he or she meets either of the following conditions:
    (a) Person has need for assistance. The person, based on his or her 
condition as a whole, has a temporary or permanent need for assistance, 
which may be provided by a family member or other member of his or her 
household, as shown by the extent to which his or her ability to 
perform any or all of the following functions is impaired:
    (1) Getting dressed or undressed.
    (2) Keeping clean and presentable.
    (3) Making frequent and necessary adjustments to a prosthetic or 
orthopedic appliance. This does not include the adjustment of 
appliances that able persons also cannot adjust without assistance, 
such as lacing at the back, supports, and belts.
    (4) Eating or drinking, as a result of the loss of coordination of 
the upper extremities or extreme weakness.
    (5) Attending to bowel and bladder needs.

[[Page 71222]]

    (6) Protecting himself or herself from the hazards or dangers of 
his or her daily environment.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(l)-(m), (r))


    (b) Person is bedridden. The person is bedridden. Bedridden means 
the person must remain in bed due to his or her disability or 
disabilities based on medical necessity and not based on a prescription 
of periods of intermittent bed rest. See Sec.  5.324(e) (regarding 
entitlement to special monthly compensation based on being permanently 
bedridden).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(l)-(m), (r))

Sec.  5.321  Additional disability compensation for a veteran whose 
spouse needs regular aid and attendance.

    (a) General entitlement. A veteran who has a service-connected 
disability rating of at least 30 percent is entitled to special monthly 
compensation if his or her spouse needs regular aid and attendance, as 
defined in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
    (b) Automatic eligibility. The spouse will be considered to need 
regular aid and attendance if any of the following factors apply:
    (1) The spouse has corrected visual acuity of 5/200 or less in both 
eyes;
    (2) The spouse has concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 
degrees or less in both eyes; or
    (3) The spouse is a patient in a nursing home because of mental or 
physical incapacity.
    (c) Factual need. If the spouse does not meet the criteria in 
paragraph (b) of this section, the spouse will be considered to need 
regular aid and attendance if he or she meets the criteria of Sec.  
5.320.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1115)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``nursing home''.


Sec.  5.322  Special monthly compensation: general information and 
definitions of disabilities.

    (a) Scope. (1) Special monthly compensation (SMC). Multiple 
regulations (Sec. Sec.  5.321 and 5.323 through 5.333) allow SMC to a 
veteran who has certain service-connected disabilities. Except as 
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the disabilities 
referred to in Sec. Sec.  5.323 through 5.333 must be service 
connected. The monetary rates of payment of SMC are found in 38 U.S.C. 
1114 and 1115(1)(E). They are also on the Internet at http://www.va.gov 
and are available from any VA regional office. Under 38 U.S.C. 1114 and 
1115(1)(E), a veteran is entitled to SMC if he or she receives 
disability compensation and:
    (i) Needs regular aid and attendance (see Sec.  5.320);
    (ii) Is permanently bedridden;
    (iii) Has certain disabilities or combinations of disabilities; or
    (iv) Has a spouse who needs regular aid and attendance.
    (2) Nonservice-connected disabilities. VA will consider certain 
nonservice-connected disabilities in determining entitlement to SMC. 
See Sec.  5.323(c)(5) (contribution of nonservice-connected loss of use 
of creative organ to service-connected loss of use of creative organ); 
Sec.  5.330(b) and (c) (bilateral deafness of specified severity); and 
Sec.  5.331(b) (bilateral blindness as specified with bilateral 
deafness as specified).
    (3) Definitions. This section defines disabilities that establish 
entitlement to SMC and that are not defined in other regulations.
    (b) Loss of use of a hand means the hand functions no better than a 
prosthesis would function if attached to the arm at a point of 
amputation below the elbow. In making this determination, VA will 
consider the actual remaining function of the hand, including, but not 
limited to, whether the hand can perform acts such as grasping or 
manipulation with the same proficiency as an amputation stump with 
prosthesis. Complete ankylosis of two major joints of an upper 
extremity is an example of a situation that will constitute loss of use 
of the hand. The major joints of the upper extremity are the shoulder, 
elbow, and wrist.
    (c) Loss of use of a foot means the foot functions no better than a 
prosthesis would function if attached to the leg at a point of 
amputation below the knee. In making this determination, VA will 
consider the actual remaining function of the foot, including, but not 
limited to, whether the foot can perform acts such as balance or 
propulsion with the same proficiency as an amputation stump with 
prosthesis. Examples of situations that will constitute loss of use of 
a foot include:
    (1) Extremely unfavorable complete ankylosis of the knee, that is, 
the knee fixed in flexion at an angle of 45 degrees or more;
    (2) Complete ankylosis of two major joints of the lower extremity, 
that is, of the hip, knee, or ankle;
    (3) Shortening of the lower extremity of 3.5 inches or more; and
    (4) Complete paralysis of the external popliteal nerve (common 
peroneal) and resulting foot drop, accompanied by characteristic 
organic changes including trophic and circulatory disturbances and 
other concomitants that confirm complete paralysis of the nerve.
    (d) Natural elbow or knee action prevented when a prosthesis is in 
place means that the veteran is unable to use a prosthesis that 
requires the natural use of the elbow or knee joint. If there is no 
movement of the joint (as in complete ankylosis or complete paralysis) 
and a prosthesis is not used, VA will determine entitlement to SMC 
based on prevented natural elbow or knee action as if a prosthesis were 
in place.
    (e) Use of prosthesis prevented means that the veteran's disability 
prevents the use of prosthesis. This can establish the veteran's 
entitlement to SMC in two circumstances:
    (1) Anatomical loss near the shoulder. A veteran meets the 
requirements for SMC based on anatomical loss of the upper extremity 
(arm) near the shoulder if the anatomical loss prevents the use of a 
prosthesis, and reamputation at a higher level that permits the use of 
a prosthesis is not possible. However, if the veteran cannot wear a 
prosthesis at the present level of amputation of the arm but could wear 
a prosthesis if there were a reamputation at a higher level, VA will 
consider the veteran eligible only for SMC based on anatomical loss or 
loss of use of the arm with factors preventing natural elbow action 
with a prosthesis in place (see paragraph (d) of this section).
    (2) Anatomical loss near the hip. A veteran meets the requirements 
for SMC based on anatomical loss of the lower extremity (leg) near the 
hip if the anatomical loss prevents the use of a prosthesis, and 
reamputation at a higher level that permits the use of a prosthesis is 
not possible. However, if the veteran cannot wear a prosthesis at the 
present level of amputation of the leg but could wear a prosthesis if 
there were a re-amputation at a higher level, VA will consider the 
veteran eligible only for SMC based on anatomical loss or loss of use 
of the leg with factors preventing natural knee action with a 
prosthesis in place (see paragraph (d) of this section).
    (f) Visual acuity of 5/200 or less. If the veteran has actual 
visual acuity better than 5/200 but is nevertheless assigned a 
disability rating under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 
of this chapter based on visual acuity of 5/200, the veteran is not 
considered to have visual acuity of 5/200 or less for purposes of 
eligibility for SMC. See Sec.  4.79 of this chapter.
    (g) Loss of use or blindness of one eye, having only light 
perception means that the veteran is unable to recognize test letters 
at 1 foot and cannot perceive objects or hand movements, or count 
fingers, at a distance of 3 feet. A veteran is eligible for SMC under 
this paragraph (g) if he or she meets the criteria in the

[[Page 71223]]

preceding sentence, even if the veteran can perceive objects or hand 
movements, or can count fingers, at distances of less than 3 feet. See 
Sec.  4.79 of this chapter.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1114)

Special Monthly Compensation: Specific Statutory Bases


Sec.  5.323  Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k).

    (a) Basic entitlement. Special monthly compensation (SMC) under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(k) is payable to a veteran who has the following 
disabilities:
    (1) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one hand;
    (2) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one foot;
    (3) Anatomical loss or loss of use of both buttocks;
    (4) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one or more creative organs;
    (5) Blindness of one eye having only light perception;
    (6) Deafness of both ears having absence of air and bone 
conduction;
    (7) Complete organic aphonia with constant inability to communicate 
by speech; or
    (8) In the case of a female veteran, either of the following 
factors:
    (i) Anatomical loss of 25 percent or more of tissue from a single 
breast or both breasts in combination (including, but not limited to, 
loss by mastectomy or partial mastectomy); or
    (ii) Treatment of breast tissue with radiation (``treatment'' 
includes therapeutic procedures but not diagnostic procedures).
    Cross References: Sec. Sec.  5.322(b) and (c), respectively 
(criteria to determine anatomical loss or loss of use of a hand or of a 
foot); 5.322(g) (criteria to determine loss of use or blindness of one 
eye, having only light perception).
    (b) Limitations--(1) Combining ratings under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) with 
ratings under 38 U.S.C. 1114(a) through (j), or (s). SMC under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(k) is payable in addition to the disability compensation 
authorized by 38 U.S.C. 1114(a) through (j), or (s), subject to the 
following limitation: The combined rate of disability compensation must 
not exceed the monthly rate provided by 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) when 
authorized in conjunction with any of the rates provided by 38 U.S.C. 
1114(a) through (j), or (s).
    (2) Combining ratings under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) with ratings under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(l) through (n), or (p). (i) If the veteran has entitlement 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) through (n), or (p), SMC under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(k) is payable for each anatomical loss or loss of use in addition 
to the losses used to establish entitlement under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) 
through (n), or (p), as long as the combined monthly disability 
compensation does not exceed the monthly rate provided by 38 U.S.C. 
1114(o).
    (ii) A disability for which SMC is paid under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) may 
not be a basis for a higher level of SMC under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) 
through (n). However, VA will pay SMC under 1114(k) concurrently with 
SMC under 1114(l) through (n) as long as the same disability is not the 
basis for SMC under both 1114(k) and either (I), (m), or (n). The total 
combined rate of SMC cannot exceed the amount set forth in 38 U.S.C. 
1114(o).
    (3) Exclusion. The additional allowance for regular aid and 
attendance or a higher level of care provided by 38 U.S.C. 1114(r) is 
not subject to the limitations of paragraph (b) of this section 
regarding maximum monthly disability compensation payable under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(k) in combination with other rates.
    (c) Creative organ. (1) Definition. Creative organ means an organ 
directly involved in reproduction.
    (2) Anatomical loss. Anatomical loss of a creative organ exists in 
any of the following circumstances:
    (i) Acquired absence of one or both testicles (other than 
undescended testicles);
    (ii) Acquired absence of one or both ovaries; or
    (iii) Acquired absence of other creative organs.
    (3) Loss of use. Loss of use of a creative organ exists in any of 
the following circumstances:
    (i) The diameters of the affected testicle are reduced to one-third 
of the corresponding diameters of the normal testicle;
    (ii) The diameters of the affected testicle are reduced to one-half 
or less of the corresponding normal testicle with changes in 
consistency of the affected testicle (harder or softer) when compared 
to the normal testicle;
    (iii) Absence of spermatozoa proven by biopsy performed with the 
informed consent of the veteran; or
    (iv) Medical evidence shows that, due to injury or disease, 
reproduction is not possible without medical intervention. This could 
occur if the veteran has:
    (A) In the case of paired creative organs, the loss of function of 
at least one such organ; or
    (B) In the case of an unpaired creative organ, loss of function.
    (4) SMC for erectile dysfunction. SMC under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) is 
payable for erectile dysfunction as the loss of use of a creative organ 
even if the veteran uses prescription medications or mechanical devices 
to treat the erectile dysfunction. This rule applies regardless of 
whether such treatment is effective.
    (5) SMC for anatomical loss. SMC under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) is payable 
for a service-connected anatomical loss of a creative organ even if it 
is preceded by a nonservice-connected loss of use. Examples of this 
include, but are not limited to, the following factors:
    (i) The veteran had a vasectomy before military service with the 
anatomical loss or loss of use of one testicle during military service;
    (ii) The veteran had a vasectomy following military service with a 
subsequent prostatectomy as a result of service-connected prostate 
cancer;
    (iii) The veteran had impotence as a result of a nonservice-
connected psychiatric condition with subsequent prostatectomy due to 
service-connected prostate cancer; or
    (iv) The veteran had a tubal ligation before service with a 
subsequent oophorectomy due to service-connected injury or disease.
    (6) SMC for loss due to elective surgery. SMC under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(k) is not payable when anatomical loss or loss of use of a 
creative organ resulted from elective surgery performed after military 
service. However, if the elective surgery after service was necessary 
to correct an injury caused by surgery during military service, SMC 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) is payable. Surgery performed based on sound 
medical advice for relief of a pathological condition or to prevent 
possible future pathological consequences is not considered to be 
elective surgery.
    (7) Atrophy. Atrophy resulting from mumps followed by orchitis in 
service is presumed service connected. Because atrophy is usually 
perceptible no later than 1 to 6 months after infection subsides, an 
examination more than 6 months after the remission of orchitis 
demonstrating a normal genitourinary system will be considered in 
determining if the presumption is rebutted.
    (d) Determining loss of use of both buttocks. (1) General rule. 
Loss of use of both buttocks exists if there is severe damage by injury 
or disease to muscle group XVII, bilaterally, (see Sec. Sec.  4.56 and 
4.73 of this chapter) and additional disability making it impossible 
for the person, without assistance, to rise from a seated position and 
from a stooped position (fingers to toes position) and to maintain 
postural stability (pelvis upon head of femur). The cited assistance 
may be provided by the person's hands

[[Page 71224]]

or arms, and, in the matter of postural stability, by a special 
appliance.
    (2) With SMC for lower extremities. The receipt of SMC for 
anatomical loss or loss of use of both lower extremities under 38 
U.S.C.1114 (l) through (n) does not prevent the receipt of SMC under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(k) for loss of use of both buttocks if appropriate tests 
clearly substantiate there is such additional loss of use.
    (e) Deafness. Deafness of both ears, having absence of air and bone 
conduction, exists if an authorized VA audiology examination shows 
bilateral hearing loss equal to or greater than the bilateral hearing 
loss required for a maximum rating under the Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter.
    (f) Aphonia. Complete organic aphonia exists if a person has a 
disability of the speech organs that constantly prevents communication 
by speech.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(k))

Sec.  5.324  Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l).

    Special monthly compensation (SMC) under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) is 
payable to a veteran who has any of the following disabilities:
    (a) Anatomical loss or loss of use of both feet.
    (b) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one hand and one foot.
    (c) Each eye having either:
    (1) Blindness with visual acuity of 5/200 or less under Sec.  
5.322(f); or
    (2) Concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees or 
less.
    (d) Disability or disabilities causing the veteran to be 
permanently bedridden, which means evidence shows that the veteran must 
remain in bed and that the confinement to bed will continue throughout 
his or her lifetime.
    (e) Disability or disabilities establishing the veteran's need for 
regular aid and attendance under Sec.  5.320. Unless the veteran is 
entitled to additional SMC under 38 U.S.C. 1114(r) (see Sec.  5.332), 
VA will award SMC under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) based on permanently 
bedridden status if the veteran is permanently bedridden (see paragraph 
(d) of this section) rather than on the need for regular aid and 
attendance.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(l))


    Cross References: See Sec. Sec.  5.320(b), Person is bedridden; 
5.322(b), (c), Special monthly compensation: general information and 
definitions of disabilities; 5.330, Special monthly compensation under 
38 U.S.C. 1114(o) (combining awards made under Sec. Sec.  5.324, 5.326, 
or 5.328).


Sec.  5.325  Special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate 
between 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) and (m).

    VA will pay special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate 
between 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) and (m) for any of the combinations of 
disabilities listed in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section. The 
intermediate rate is the arithmetic mean between the rates for 38 
U.S.C. 1114(l) and (m), rounded down to the next lower dollar.
    (a) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one leg with factors 
preventing natural knee action with prosthesis in place and anatomical 
loss or loss of use of the other foot.
    (b) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one arm with factors 
preventing natural elbow action with prosthesis in place and anatomical 
loss or loss of use of one foot.
    (c) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one leg with factors 
preventing natural knee action with prosthesis in place and anatomical 
loss or loss of use of one hand.
    (d) Blindness of one eye with visual acuity of 5/200 or less, or 
concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees or less of one 
eye; and blindness of the other eye, having only light perception.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(p))--


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.322, Special monthly compensation: General 
information and definitions of disabilities (criteria for the 
disabilities listed in Sec.  5.325).


Sec.  5.326  Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m).

    Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) is payable for 
any of the following combinations of disabilities:
    (a) Anatomical loss or loss of use of both hands.
    (b) Anatomical loss or loss of use of both legs with factors 
preventing natural knee action with prosthesis in place.
    (c) Anatomical loss of one leg with factors preventing the use of a 
prosthetic appliance and anatomical loss or loss of use of the other 
foot.
    (d) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one arm with factors 
preventing the use of a prosthetic appliance and anatomical loss or 
loss of use of one foot.
    (e) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one arm with factors 
preventing natural elbow action with prosthesis in place and anatomical 
loss or loss of use of one leg with factors preventing natural knee 
action with prosthesis in place.
    (f) Anatomical loss of one leg with factors preventing the use of a 
prosthetic appliance and anatomical loss or loss of use of one hand.
    (g) Blindness in both eyes having only light perception.
    (h) Blindness of one eye with visual acuity of 5/200 or less or 
with concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees or less; 
and
    (1) Anatomical loss of the other eye; or
    (2) Blindness without light perception of the other eye.
    (i) Blindness in both eyes leaving the veteran so significantly 
disabled as to need regular aid and attendance. If the veteran has 
visual acuity of 5/200 or less in both eyes or concentric contraction 
of the visual field to 5 degrees or less in both eyes, then entitlement 
to compensation at the 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) rate will be determined on the 
facts in the individual case.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(m), (p))


    Cross References: Sec. Sec.  5.320, Determining need for regular 
aid and attendance; 5.322, Special monthly compensation: general 
information and definitions of disabilities (criteria for the 
disabilities listed in Sec.  5.326); 5.330, Special monthly 
compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(o) (combining awards made under 
Sec. Sec.  5.324, 5.326, or 5.328). See also Sec.  4.76 of this 
chapter, Examination of field [of] vision (criteria for blindness based 
on concentric contraction of the visual field).


Sec.  5.327  Special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate 
between 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) and (n).

    VA will pay special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate 
between 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) and (n) for any of the combinations of 
disabilities listed in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section. The 
intermediate rate is the arithmetic mean between the rates for 38 
U.S.C. 1114(m) and (n), rounded down to the nearest dollar.
    (a) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one arm with factors 
preventing natural elbow action with prosthesis in place and anatomical 
loss or loss of use of the other hand.
    (b) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one leg with factors 
preventing natural knee action with prosthesis in place and anatomical 
loss of the other leg with factors preventing the use of a prosthetic 
appliance.
    (c) Anatomical loss of one arm with factors preventing the use of a 
prosthetic appliance and anatomical loss or loss of use of one leg with 
factors preventing natural knee action with prosthesis in place.
    (d) Anatomical loss or loss of use of one arm with factors 
preventing natural elbow action with prosthesis in place and anatomical 
loss of one leg with

[[Page 71225]]

factors preventing the use of a prosthetic appliance.
    (e) Blindness of one eye, having only light perception; and
    (1) Anatomical loss of the other eye; or
    (2) Blindness without light perception of the other eye.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(p))


    Cross References: Sec. Sec.  5.322, Special monthly compensation: 
General information and definitions of disabilities; 5.326, Special 
monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m).


Sec.  5.328  Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(n).

    VA will pay special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) 
for any of the combinations of disabilities listed in paragraphs (a) 
through (e) of this section.
    (a) Anatomical loss or loss of use of both arms with factors 
preventing natural elbow action with prosthesis in place.
    (b) Anatomical loss of one arm with factors preventing the use of a 
prosthetic appliance and anatomical loss or loss of use of one hand.
    (c) Anatomical loss of both legs with factors preventing the use of 
prosthetic appliances.
    (d) Anatomical loss of one arm with factors preventing the use of a 
prosthetic appliance and anatomical loss of one leg with factors 
preventing the use of a prosthetic appliance.
    (e) Anatomical loss of both eyes, blindness without light 
perception in both eyes, or anatomical loss of one eye and blindness 
without light perception in the other eye.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(n), (p))


    Cross References: Sec. Sec.  5.322, Special monthly compensation: 
General information and definitions of disabilities; 5.326, Special 
monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m); 5.327, Special monthly 
compensation at the intermediate rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) and (n) 
(criteria for the disabilities listed in Sec.  5.328); 5.330, Special 
monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(o) (combining awards made 
under Sec. Sec.  5.324, 5.326, or 5.328).


Sec.  5.329  Special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate 
between 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) and (o).

    VA will pay special monthly compensation at the intermediate rate 
between 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) and (o) for anatomical loss or loss of use of 
one arm with factors preventing natural elbow action with prosthesis in 
place and anatomical loss of the other arm with factors preventing the 
use of a prosthetic appliance. The intermediate rate is the arithmetic 
mean between the rates for 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) and (o), rounded down to 
the next lower dollar.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(p))


    Cross References: Sec. Sec.  5.322, Special monthly compensation: 
General information and definitions of disabilities; 5.328, Special 
monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) (criteria for the 
disabilities listed in Sec.  5.329).


Sec.  5.330  Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(o).

    VA will pay special monthly compensation (SMC) under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(o) for any of the following combinations of disabilities:
    (a) Anatomical loss of both arms with factors preventing the use of 
prosthetic appliances.
    (b) Bilateral deafness rated at 60 percent or more disabling, even 
if the hearing impairment in one ear is nonservice connected, in 
combination with blindness with bilateral visual acuity of 20/200 or 
less.
    (c) Total deafness in one ear, or bilateral deafness rated at 40 
percent or more disabling, even if the hearing impairment in one ear is 
nonservice connected, in combination with service-connected blindness 
of both eyes having only light perception or less vision.
    (d) Loss of use of both lower extremities together with loss of 
anal and bladder sphincter control. VA will consider that the 
requirement of loss of anal and bladder sphincter control is met even 
though incontinence has been overcome under a strict regimen of 
rehabilitation training and/or other auxiliary measures.
    (e) Disabilities entitling the veteran to two or more of the 
monetary rates provided in 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) through (n), without 
considering any disabilities twice.
    (1) Separate and distinct disabilities. Entitlement under this 
paragraph (e) must be based on separate, distinct disabilities.
    (2) Common cause. A common cause of disabilities that are otherwise 
separate and distinct will not preclude entitlement to SMC under this 
paragraph (e). For example, a veteran with anatomical loss or loss of 
use of both hands and both feet resulting from a common cause would 
nevertheless be entitled to SMC.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(o))


    Cross References: Sec. Sec.  5.320, Determining need for regular 
aid and attendance; 5.322, Special monthly compensation: General 
information and definitions of disabilities; 5.328, Special monthly 
compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(n); 5.329 Special monthly 
compensation at the intermediate rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) and 
(o); 5.332, Additional allowance for regular aid and attendance under 
38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(1) or for a higher level of care under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(r)(2) (criteria based in part on the disabilities listed in Sec.  
5.330).


Sec.  5.331  Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(p).

    (a) Intermediate or next higher level of special monthly 
compensation. In the event the veteran's disabilities exceed the 
requirements for any of the rates prescribed under Sec. Sec.  5.324 
through 5.329, VA will pay special monthly compensation (SMC) under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(p) as provided in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this 
section. However, the payment cannot exceed the rate under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(o). An intermediate rate authorized by this section is the 
arithmetic mean between the two rates of SMC, rounded down to the next 
lower dollar.
    (b) Bilateral blindness in combination with deafness. (1) Total 
deafness of one ear. Blindness in both eyes meeting the criteria of 
Sec.  5.324(c), Sec.  5.325(d), or Sec.  5.326(h) or (i), with service-
connected total deafness in one ear, entitles the veteran to the next 
higher intermediate rate. If the veteran is already entitled to an 
intermediate rate, the veteran will be entitled to the next higher rate 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114.
    (2) Bilateral deafness rated 10 or 20 percent disabling. Blindness 
in both eyes meeting the criteria of Sec.  5.326(g), Sec.  5.327(e), or 
Sec.  5.328(e), with bilateral deafness rated at 10 percent or 20 
percent disabling (even if the hearing impairment in one ear is 
nonservice connected) entitles the veteran to the next higher 
intermediate rate. If the veteran is already entitled to an 
intermediate rate, the veteran will be entitled to the next higher rate 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114.
    (3) Bilateral deafness rated at least 30 percent disabling. 
Blindness in both eyes, meeting the criteria of Sec.  5.324(c), Sec.  
5.325(d), Sec.  5.326(g), (h), or (i), Sec.  5.327(e), or Sec.  
5.328(e), with bilateral deafness rated 30 percent or more disabling 
(even if the hearing impairment in one ear is nonservice connected) 
entitles the veteran to the next higher rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114. If 
the veteran is already entitled to an intermediate rate, the veteran 
will be entitled to the next higher intermediate rate.
    (c) Bilateral blindness in combination with anatomical loss or loss 
of use of a hand or foot. Blindness in both eyes,

[[Page 71226]]

meeting the criteria of Sec.  5.324(c), Sec.  5.325(d), Sec.  5.326(g), 
(h), or (i), Sec.  5.327(e), or Sec.  5.328(e), combined with any of 
the disabilities described in this paragraph (c)).
    (1) Anatomical loss or loss of use of hand. Anatomical loss or loss 
of use of one hand entitles the veteran to the next higher statutory 
rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114. If the veteran is already entitled to an 
intermediate rate, the veteran will be entitled to the next higher 
intermediate rate.
    (2) Anatomical loss or loss of use of foot rated at least 50 
percent disabling. Anatomical loss or loss of use of one foot which by 
itself or in combination with another compensable disability would be 
rated at 50 percent or more disabling, entitles the veteran to the next 
higher rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114. If the veteran is already entitled to 
an intermediate rate, the veteran will be entitled to the next higher 
intermediate rate.
    (3) Anatomical loss or loss of use of foot rated less than 50 
percent disabling. Anatomical loss or loss of use of one foot which is 
rated less than 50 percent disabling and which is the only compensable 
disability other than bilateral blindness, entitles the veteran to the 
next higher intermediate rate. If the veteran is already entitled to an 
intermediate rate, the veteran will be entitled to the next higher rate 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114.
    (d) Additional independent disability or disabilities rated 50 
percent or more disabling. (1) General rule. If a veteran is entitled 
to SMC under one of the rates payable under Sec. Sec.  5.324 through 
5.329 and also has a permanent disability, or combination of permanent 
disabilities, which are independently rated at 50 percent or more 
disabling, VA will award the veteran SMC at the next higher 
intermediate rate. If the veteran is already entitled to an 
intermediate rate, VA will award the next higher rate under 38 U.S.C. 
1114. This benefit may not be paid concurrently with the 100 percent 
rate pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 1114(p) under Sec.  5.331(e).
    (2) Independently rated means that the additional disability or 
disabilities rated at 50 percent or more disabling are separate and 
distinct, and involve different anatomical segments or bodily systems, 
from the disability or disabilities establishing entitlement under 
Sec. Sec.  5.324 through 5.329. If the bases for the additional 
disability or disabilities and the basis for entitlement to SMC under 
Sec. Sec.  5.324 through 5.329 are caused by the same injury or 
disease, VA cannot pay the next higher intermediate rate unless the 
additional disability or disabilities would be rated 50 percent or more 
disabling without regard to the basis for entitlement to SMC under 
Sec. Sec.  5.324 through 5.329.
    (3) Permanent residuals of tuberculosis. Permanent residuals of 
tuberculosis, and not the graduated ratings for arrested tuberculosis, 
may serve as the basis for the independent 50 percent disability 
rating.
    (e) Additional independent disability rated 100 percent. (1) 
General rule. If a veteran is entitled to SMC at one of the rates 
payable under Sec. Sec.  5.324 through 5.329 and has a single permanent 
disability that is independently rated 100 percent disabling, VA will 
award the veteran the next higher rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114. If the 
veteran is receiving SMC at an intermediate rate, VA will award to the 
next higher intermediate rate. The single permanent disability must be 
independently rated 100 percent disabling without regard to individual 
unemployability. The rate payable under this paragraph (e) cannot be 
paid concurrently with the 50 percent-or-more rate payable under 
paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) Independently rated. For the definition of ``independently 
rated'', see paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
    (3) Permanent residuals of tuberculosis. Permanent residuals of 
tuberculosis, and not the graduated ratings for arrested tuberculosis, 
may serve as the basis for the independent 100 percent disability 
rating.
    (f) Three extremities. Anatomical loss, loss of use, or a 
combination of anatomical loss and loss of use of three extremities 
entitles the veteran to the next higher intermediate rate. If the 
veteran is already entitled to an intermediate rate, the veteran will 
be entitled to the next higher rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114. VA will 
combine the anatomical loss or loss of use of whichever two extremities 
will provide the veteran with the highest level of SMC before combining 
the third anatomical loss or loss of use of an extremity to award the 
next higher rate. When there is entitlement for triple extremity or 
blindness with extremity, it will be in addition to any entitlement 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) or (p) for the 50 or 100 percent elevations for 
the same extremity.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(p))

Sec.  5.332  Additional allowance for regular aid and attendance under 
38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(1) or for a higher level of care under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(r)(2).

    (a) General rule. The additional allowance that 38 U.S.C. 1114(r) 
authorizes is payable whether the need for regular aid and attendance 
or for a higher level of care is a partial basis for entitlement to the 
maximum rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114(o) or (p), or to the intermediate 
rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) and (o) plus the rate under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(k), or is based on an independent factual determination.
    (b) Criteria for additional allowance under 38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(1). A 
veteran is entitled to an additional allowance under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(r)(1) when all of the following conditions are met:
    (1) The veteran is entitled to the maximum rate under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(o) or (p), or to the intermediate rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) 
and (o) plus the rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k);
    (2) The veteran needs regular aid and attendance under Sec.  5.320; 
and
    (3) The veteran is not hospitalized at U.S. Government expense.
    (c) Criteria for additional allowance under 38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(2)--
(1) General criteria. A veteran is entitled to an additional allowance 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(2), instead of the allowance under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(r)(1), when all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The veteran is entitled to the maximum rate under 38 U.S.C. 
1114(o) or (p), or to the intermediate rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) 
and (o) plus the rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k);
    (ii) The veteran needs regular aid and attendance under Sec.  
5.320;
    (iii) The veteran needs a ``higher level of care'' (as defined in 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section);
    (iv) Without the higher level of care, the veteran would require 
hospitalization, nursing home care, or other residential institutional 
care; and
    (v) The veteran is not hospitalized at U.S. Government expense.
    (2) Higher level of care. For purposes of this paragraph (c), a 
veteran needs a ``higher level of care'' whenever the veteran requires 
personal health-care services provided on a daily basis in the 
veteran's residence by a person who is licensed to provide these 
services or who provides these services under the regular supervision 
of a licensed health-care professional.
    (3) Personal health-care services. For purposes of this section, 
``personal health-care services'' include, but are not limited to, 
physical therapy, administration of injections, placement of indwelling 
catheters, the changing of sterile dressings, or similar functions, the 
performance of which requires professional health-care training or the 
regular supervision of a trained health-care professional.
    (4) Licensed health-care professional. For purposes of this 
section, a ``licensed health-care professional'' includes, but is not 
limited to, a doctor of medicine or osteopathy, a registered nurse, a

[[Page 71227]]

licensed practical nurse, or a physical therapist licensed to practice 
by a State or a political subdivision of a State.
    (5) Under the regular supervision of a licensed health-care 
professional. For purposes of this section, the term under the regular 
supervision of a licensed health-care professional means that an 
unlicensed person performing personal health-care services is following 
a regimen of personal health-care services prescribed by a health-care 
professional, and that the health-care professional consults with the 
unlicensed person providing the health-care services at least once each 
month to monitor the prescribed regimen. The consultation need not be 
in person; a telephone call is sufficient.
    (6) Care may be provided by a relative of the veteran or a member 
of the veteran's household. A relative of the veteran or a member of 
the veteran's household may perform the necessary personal health-care 
services. However, such a person must be a licensed health-care 
professional or provide the necessary personal health-care services 
under the regular supervision of a licensed health-care professional.
    (7) Traumatic brain injury. Subject to Sec.  5.720(c)(1) and 
(f)(1), if any veteran, as the result of service-connected disability, 
needs regular aid and attendance for the residuals of traumatic brain 
injury, is not eligible for compensation under paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section, and in the absence of such regular aid and attendance would 
require hospitalization, nursing home care, or other residential 
institutional care, VA will pay the veteran, in addition to any other 
compensation under Sec. Sec.  5.320 through 5.334, a monthly aid and 
attendance allowance equal to the rate in 38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(2), which 
for purposes of 38 U.S.C. 1134 will be considered additional 
compensation payable for disability. An allowance authorized under this 
paragraph (c)(7) will be paid in place of any allowance authorized by 
paragraph (b) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(r), (t))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.333  Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(s).

    Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(s) is payable to 
a veteran who has a single disability rated 100 percent disabling under 
subpart B of the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this 
chapter, or a disability that is the sole basis for a rating of total 
disability based on individual unemployability (TDIU) under Sec.  4.16 
of this chapter, and either:
    (a) Has an additional disability, or combination of disabilities, 
rated 60 percent disabling, without consideration of the single 
disability that was either rated 100 percent or served as the basis for 
a TDIU rating; or
    (b) Is permanently housebound as a result of disability or 
disabilities, including the single disability that was either rated 100 
percent or served as the basis for a TDIU rating. For purposes of this 
paragraph (b), a veteran is permanently housebound if he or she is 
substantially confined to his or her residence (ward or clinical areas, 
if institutionalized) and immediate premises because of a disability or 
disabilities, and it is reasonably certain that such disability or 
disabilities will remain throughout the veteran's lifetime.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114(s))

Sec.  5.334  Special monthly compensation tables.

    (a) Purpose of tables. The tables in this section are meant as aids 
to summarize the statutory or intermediate rate of special monthly 
compensation (SMC) payable to veterans under 38 U.S.C. 1114 for certain 
combinations of disabilities. The regulatory text in Sec. Sec.  5.323 
through 5.333 describes these benefits in more detail. No additional 
rights or benefits are conferred by this section. The tables are 
informative only and will not be used as a basis to grant or deny 
benefits in a particular case.
    (b) Symbols. The following list defines the symbols used in the 
tables in this section:

L = the rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114(l).
L \1/2\ = the intermediate rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(l) and (m).
M = the rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114(m).
M \1/2\ = the intermediate rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) and (n).
N = the rate under 38 U.S.C. 1114(n).
N \1/2\ = the intermediate rate between 38 U.S.C. 1114(n) and (o).
O = the rate under 38 U.S.C 1114(o).

    (c) Usage. In Tables 1 through 4, the columns and rows are labeled 
with specific disabilities or combinations of disabilities. The point 
where a column and row intersect represents the rate or intermediate 
rate of SMC payable for the specified combination of disabilities. For 
example, in Table 1, a veteran who has the anatomical loss or loss of 
use of one leg with factors preventing natural knee action with 
prosthesis in place and anatomical loss of one arm with factors 
preventing the use of a prosthetic appliance is entitled to the 
intermediate rate of SMC between 38 U.S.C. 1114(m) and (n) (symbol M 
\1/2\).
    (d) Table 1. To determine the level of SMC payable when there are 
varying degrees of anatomical loss or loss of use of two extremities, 
identify the proper degree of loss for one extremity along the top row 
of Table 1 and the proper degree of loss for the other extremity down 
the left column. The square where the column and row intersect contains 
the symbol for the level of SMC payable and the regulatory citation 
that supports it. This table does not confer any substantive rights.

                                                             Table 1--SMC--Extremities Only
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                      Anatomical loss  Anatomical loss
                                                    Anatomical loss  Anatomical loss  or loss of use:  or loss of use:  Anatomical loss  Anatomical loss
                    Extremities                     or loss of use:  or loss of use:    One leg & no     One arm & no     of one leg:      of one arm:
                                                        One foot         One hand       knee  action     elbow action       Near hip      Near shoulder
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anatomical loss or loss of use: One foot..........               L                L           L\1/2\           L\1/2\                M                M
                                                    Sec.   5.324(a)  Sec.   5.324(b)  Sec.   5.325(a)  Sec.   5.325(b)  Sec.   5.326(c)  Sec.   5.326(d)
Anatomical loss or loss of use: One hand..........               L                M           L\1/2\           M\1/2\                M                N
                                                    Sec.   5.324(b)  Sec.   5.326(a)  Sec.   5.325(c)  Sec.   5.327(a)  Sec.   5.326(f)  Sec.   5.328(b)
Anatomical loss or loss of use: One leg                     L\1/2\           L\1/2\                M                M           M\1/2\           M\1/2\
  & no knee action................................  Sec.   5.325(a)  Sec.   5.325(c)  Sec.   5.326(b)  Sec.   5.326(e)  Sec.   5.327(b)  Sec.   5.327(c)
Anatomical loss or loss of use: One arm                     L\1/2\           M\1/2\                M                N           M\1/2\           N\1/2\
  & no elbow action...............................  Sec.   5.325(b)  Sec.   5.327(a)  Sec.   5.326(e)  Sec.   5.328(a)  Sec.   5.327(d)    Sec.   5.329
Anatomical loss of one leg: Near hip..............               M                M           M\1/2\           M\1/2\                N                N
                                                    Sec.   5.326(c)  Sec.   5.326(f)  Sec.   5.327(b)  Sec.   5.327(d)  Sec.   5.328(c)  Sec.   5.328(d)

[[Page 71228]]

 
Anatomical loss of one arm: Near shoul-                          M                N           M\1/2\           N\1/2\                N                O
  der.............................................  Sec.   5.326(d)  Sec.   5.328(b)  Sec.   5.327(c)    Sec.   5.329   Sec.   5.328(d)  Sec.   5.330(a)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) Table 2. To determine the level of SMC payable when there are 
varying degrees of blindness in both eyes, identify the proper degree 
of blindness for one eye down the left column of Table 2 and the proper 
degree of blindness for the other eye along the top row. The square 
where the column and row intersect contains the symbol for the level of 
SMC payable and the regulatory citation that supports it. This table 
does not confer any substantive rights.

                                                        Table 2--SMC Based on Bilateral Blindness
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                     Vision in other eye
                                                                    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Vision in one eye                            Visual acuity     Visual field        Light
                                                                       of 5/200 or     contraction to     perception        No light     Anatomical loss
                                                                           less        5[deg] or less        only          perception         of eye
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Visual acuity of 5/200 or less.....................................               L                L           L\1/2\                M                M
                                                                     Sec.   5.324(c)  Sec.   5.324(c)  Sec.   5.325(d)  Sec.   5.326(h)  Sec.   5.326(h)
Visual field contraction to 5[deg] or less.........................               L                L           L\1/2\                M                M
                                                                     Sec.   5.324(c)  Sec.   5.324(c)  Sec.   5.325(d)  Sec.   5.326(h)  Sec.   5.326(h)
Light perception only..............................................          L\1/2\           L\1/2\                M           M\1/2\           M\1/2\
                                                                     Sec.   5.325(d)  Sec.   5.325(d)  Sec.   5.326(g)  Sec.   5.327(e)  Sec.   5.327(e)
No light perception................................................               M                M           M\1/2\                N                N
                                                                     Sec.   5.326(h)  Sec.   5.326(h)  Sec.   5.327(e)  Sec.   5.328(e)  Sec.   5.328(e)
Anatomical loss of eye.............................................               M                M           M\1/2\                N                N
                                                                     Sec.   5.326(h)  Sec.   5.326(h)  Sec.   5.327(e)  Sec.   5.328(e)  Sec.   5.328(e)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) Table 3. To determine the level of SMC when there is bilateral 
blindness together with anatomical loss or loss of use of an extremity, 
identify the level of SMC for bilateral blindness from Table 3 and 
locate it along the top row. Then identify the proper extremity loss 
down the left column. The square where the column and row intersect 
contains the symbol for the level of SMC payable and the regulatory 
citation that supports it. This table does not confer any substantive 
rights.

                                   Table 3--SMC--Bilateral Blindness With Anatomical Loss or Loss of Use of Extremity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              SMC for bilateral blindness alone
       Additional disability        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              ``L''                ``L\1/2\''                ``M''                ``M\1/2\''               ``N''
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Service-connected anatomical loss    L\1/2\ + K, Sec.        M + K, Sec.             M\1/2\ + K, Sec.       N + K, Sec.            N\1/2\ + K, Sec.
 or loss of use of one foot rated     5.331(c)(3); Sec.       5.331(c)(3); Sec.       5.331(c)(3); Sec.      5.331(c)(3); Sec.      5.331(c)(3); Sec.
 less than 50%, and it is the only    5.323(b)(2).            5.323(b)(2).            5.323(b)(2).           5.323(b)(2).           5.323(b)(2)
 compensable disability other than
 blindness.
Service-connected anatomical loss    M + K, Sec.             M\1/2\ + K, Sec.        N + K, Sec.            N\1/2\ + K, Sec.       O Sec.   5.331(c)(2)
 or loss of use of one foot rated     5.331(c)(2); Sec.       5.331(c)(2); Sec.       5.331(c)(2); Sec.      5.331(c)(2); Sec.
 50% or more, either alone or in      5.323(b)(2).            5.323(b)(2).            5.323(b)(2).           5.323(b)(2).
 combination with another
 disability.
Service-connected anatomical loss    M + K Sec.              M\1/2\ + K, Sec.        N + K, Sec.            N\1/2\ + K, Sec.       O, Sec.   5.331(c)(1)
 or loss of use of one hand.          5.331(c)(1); Sec.       5.331(c)(1); Sec.       5.331(c)(1); Sec.      5.331(c)(1); Sec.
                                      5.323(b)(2).            5.323(b)(2).            5.323(b)(2).           5.323(b)(2).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (g) Table 4. To determine the level of SMC when there is bilateral 
blindness together with deafness, identify the level of SMC for 
bilateral blindness from Table 4 and locate it along the top row. Then 
identify the proper degree of deafness down the left column. The square 
where the column and row intersect contains the symbol for the level of 
SMC payable and the regulatory citation that supports it. This table 
does not confer any substantive rights.

[[Page 71229]]



                                                     Table 4--SMC--Bilateral Blindness With Deafness
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             SMC for bilateral blindness alone
                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Additional disability                                                ``M'' under Sec.    ``M'' under Sec.
                                         ``L''            ``L\1/2\''        5.326(h) or (i)        5.326(g)           ``M\1/2\''             ``N''
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Service-connected (SC) total      L\1/2\, Sec.        M, Sec.             M\1/2\, Sec.        O, Sec.   5.330(c)  O, Sec.   5.330(c)  O, Sec.   5.330(c)
 deafness in one ear.              5.331(b)(1).        5.331(b)(1).        5.331(b)(1).
Bilateral deafness rated 10% or   No additional SMC.  No additional SMC.  No additional SMC.  M\1/2\, Sec.        N, Sec.             N\1/2\, Sec.
 20% (one or both ears SC).                                                                    5.331(b)(2).        5.331(b)(2).        5.331(b)(2)
Bilateral deafness rated 30%      M, Sec.             M\1/2\, Sec.        N, Sec.             N, Sec.             N\1/2\, Sec.        O, Sec.
 (one or both ears SC).            5.331(b)(3).        5.331(b)(3).        5.331(b)(3).        5.331(b)(3).        5.331(b)(3).        5.331(b)(3)
Bilateral deafness rated 40% or   M, Sec.             M\1/2\, Sec.        N, Sec.             O, Sec.   5.330(c)  O, Sec.   5.330(c)  O, Sec.   5.330(c)
 50% (one or both ears SC).        5.331(b)(3).        5.331(b)(3).        5.331(b)(3).
Bilateral deafness rated 60% or   O, Sec.   5.330(b)  O, Sec.   5.330(b)  O, Sec.   5.330(b)  O, Sec.   5.330(b)  O, Sec.   5.330(b)  O, Sec.   5.330(b)
 more (one or both ears SC).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1114)

Special Monthly Compensation: Effective Dates


Sec.  5.335  Effective dates: special monthly compensation under 
Sec. Sec.  5.332 and 5.333.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in Sec.  5.312 (regarding 
effective dates of increased disability compensation), and paragraph 
(b) of this section, the effective date of an award of special monthly 
compensation (SMC) under Sec.  5.332 or Sec.  5.333 will be the date of 
receipt of the claim or the date entitlement arose, whichever is later.
    (b) Retroactive award of SMC. When VA awards disability 
compensation, based on an original or reopened claim, for a retroactive 
period, VA will also award SMC for all or any part(s) of that 
retroactive period during which the veteran met the eligibility 
requirements for SMC.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a), (b))

Sec.  5.336  Effective dates: additional compensation for regular aid 
and attendance payable for a veteran's spouse under Sec.  5.321.

    (a) Award of regular aid and attendance. (1) The effective date of 
an award of additional compensation payable to a veteran because the 
veteran's spouse's needs regular aid and attendance will be the date of 
receipt of the claim or the date entitlement arose, whichever is later.
    (2) When VA awards disability compensation based on an original or 
reopened claim retroactive to an effective date that is earlier than 
the date of receipt of the claim, VA will also award additional 
compensation for any part of the retroactive period during which the 
spouse needed regular aid and attendance.
    (b) Discontinuance of additional compensation. If the veteran's 
spouse no longer needs regular aid and attendance, VA will discontinue 
additional compensation effective the end of the month in which VA 
takes the award action to discontinue.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(b)(1), (2))

Sec. Sec.  5.337-5.339  [Reserved]

Tuberculosis


Sec.  5.340  Pulmonary tuberculosis shown by X-ray in active military 
service.

    (a) Active disease. X-ray evidence alone may be adequate for grant 
of direct service connection for pulmonary tuberculosis. When under 
consideration, all available service department films and subsequent 
films will be secured and read by specialists at designated stations 
who should have a current examination report and X-ray. Resulting 
interpretations of service films will be accorded the same 
consideration for service connection purposes as if clinically 
established, however, a compensable rating will not be assigned prior 
to establishment of an active condition by approved methods.
    (b) Inactive disease. Where the veteran was examined at the time of 
entrance into active military service but no X-ray was made, or if 
made, is not available and there was no notation or other evidence of 
active or inactive re-infection type pulmonary tuberculosis existing 
prior to such entrance, it will be assumed that the condition occurred 
during service and direct service connection will be in order for 
inactive pulmonary tuberculosis shown by X-ray evidence during service 
in the manner prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section, unless 
lesions are first shown so soon after entry on active military service 
as to compel the conclusion, on the basis of sound medical principles, 
that they existed prior to entry on active military service.
    (c) Primary lesions. Healed primary type tuberculosis shown at the 
time of entrance into active military service will not be taken as 
evidence to rebut direct or presumptive service connection for active 
re-infection type pulmonary tuberculosis.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.341  Presumption of service connection for tuberculous disease; 
wartime and service after December 31, 1946.

    (a) Pulmonary tuberculosis.--(1) General rule. Evidence of activity 
on comparative study of X-ray films showing pulmonary tuberculosis 
within the 3-year presumptive period provided by Sec.  5.261(c), will 
be taken as establishing service connection for active pulmonary 
tuberculosis subsequently diagnosed by approved methods but service 
connection and rating may be assigned only from the date of such 
diagnosis or other evidence of clinical activity.
    (2) Notation of inactive tuberculosis. A notation of inactive 
tuberculosis of the re-infection type at induction or enlistment 
prevents the grant of service connection under Sec.  5.261 for active 
tuberculosis, regardless of the fact that it was shown within the 
appropriate presumptive period.
    (b) Pleurisy with effusion without obvious cause. Pleurisy with 
effusion with evidence of diagnostic studies ruling out obvious 
nontuberculosis causes will qualify as active tuberculosis. The 
requirements for presumptive service connection will be the same as 
those for tuberculosis pleurisy.
    (c) Tuberculosis pleurisy and endobronchial tuberculosis. 
Tuberculosis pleurisy and endobronchial tuberculosis fall within the 
category of pulmonary tuberculosis for purpose of service connection on 
a presumptive basis. Either will be held incurred in service when 
initially manifested within the 3-year presumptive period provided by 
Sec.  5.261(c).

[[Page 71230]]

    (d) Miliary tuberculosis. Service connection for miliary 
tuberculosis involving the lungs is to be determined in the same manner 
as for other active pulmonary tuberculosis.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.342  Initial grant following inactivity of tuberculosis.

    When service connection is granted initially on an original or 
reopened claim for pulmonary or nonpulmonary tuberculosis and there is 
satisfactory evidence that the condition was active previously but is 
now inactive (arrested), it will be presumed that the disease continued 
to be active for 1 year after the last date of established activity, 
provided there is no evidence to establish activity or inactivity in 
the intervening period. For a veteran entitled to receive disability 
compensation on August 19, 1968, the beginning date of graduated 
ratings will commence at the end of the 1-year period. For a veteran 
who was not receiving or entitled to receive disability compensation on 
August 19, 1968, ratings will be assigned in accordance with the 
Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter. This 
section is not applicable to running award cases.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.343  Effect of diagnosis of active tuberculosis.

    (a) Service diagnosis. Service department diagnosis of active 
pulmonary tuberculosis will be accepted unless a board of medical 
examiners, a Clinic Director, or Chief, Outpatient Service certifies, 
after considering the evidence, including the evidence favoring or 
opposing tuberculosis and activity, that such diagnosis was incorrect. 
Doubtful cases may be referred to the Under Secretary for Health in 
Central Office for a medical opinion.
    (b) Department of Veterans Affairs diagnosis. Diagnosis of active 
pulmonary tuberculosis by the medical authorities of VA as the result 
of examination, observation, or treatment will be accepted for rating 
purposes. In a case where there is no such diagnosis, but there is 
evidence that the veteran has tuberculosis, the case will be referred 
to the Clinic Director or Chief, Outpatient Service, and, if necessary, 
to the Under Secretary for Health in Central Office for a medical 
opinion.
    (c) Private physician's diagnosis. Diagnosis of active pulmonary 
tuberculosis by private physicians based on their examination, 
observation, or treatment will not be accepted to show the disease was 
initially manifested within the presumptive period after discharge from 
active military service unless confirmed by acceptable clinical, X-ray 
or laboratory studies, or by findings of active tuberculosis based upon 
acceptable hospital observation or treatment.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.344  Determination of inactivity (complete arrest) of 
tuberculosis.

    (a) Pulmonary tuberculosis. A veteran shown to have had pulmonary 
tuberculosis will be held to have reached a condition of ``complete 
arrest'' when a diagnosis of inactive tuberculosis is made.
    (b) Nonpulmonary disease. Determination of complete arrest of 
nonpulmonary tuberculosis requires absence of evidence of activity for 
6 months. If there are two or more foci of such tuberculosis, one of 
which is active, the condition will not be considered to be inactive 
until the tuberculosis process has reached arrest in its entirety.
    (c) Arrest following surgery. Where there has been surgical 
excision of the lesion or organ, the date of complete arrest will be 
the date of discharge from the hospital, or 6 months after the date of 
excision, whichever is later.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.345  Changes from activity in pulmonary tuberculosis pension 
cases.

    A permanent and total disability rating in effect during 
hospitalization will not be discontinued before hospital discharge 
based on a change in classification from active. At hospital discharge, 
the permanent and total rating will be discontinued unless the medical 
evidence does not support a finding of complete arrest (see Sec.  
5.344) or where complete arrest is shown but the medical authorities 
recommend that employment not be resumed or be resumed only for short 
hours (not more than 4 hours a day for a 5-day week). If either of the 
two aforementioned conditions is met, discontinuance will be deferred 
pending examination in 6 months. Although complete arrest may be 
established upon that examination, the permanent and total rating may 
be extended for a further period of 6 months provided the veteran's 
employment is limited to short hours as recommended by the medical 
authorities (not more than 4 hours a day for a 5-day week). Similar 
extensions may be granted under the same conditions at the end of 12- 
and 18-month periods. At the expiration of 24 months after 
hospitalization, the case will be considered under Sec.  5.280 if 
continued short hours of employment are recommended or if other 
evidence warrants submission.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.346  Tuberculosis and compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(q) and 
1156.

    (a) General rule. Any veteran who, on August 19, 1968, was 
receiving or entitled to receive disability compensation for active or 
inactive (arrested) tuberculosis may receive special monthly 
compensation (SMC) under 38 U.S.C. 1114(q) and 1156 as in effect before 
August 20, 1968.
    (b) SMC under 38 U.S.C. 1114(q) for inactive tuberculosis (complete 
arrest)--(1) Receiving or entitled to receive special monthly 
compensation for tuberculosis on August 19, 1968. (i) For a veteran who 
was receiving or entitled to receive SMC for tuberculosis on August 19, 
1968, the minimum monthly rate is $67. This minimum SMC is not to be 
combined with or added to any other disability compensation. The rating 
criteria for determining inactivity of tuberculosis are set out in 
Sec.  5.344, Determination of inactivity (complete arrest) of 
tuberculosis.
    (ii) The effective date of SMC under paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this 
section will be the date the graduated rating of the disability or 
compensation for that degree of disablement combined with other 
service-connected disabilities provides compensation payable at a rate 
less than $67.
    (2) Not receiving or entitled to receive SMC for tuberculosis on 
August 19, 1968. For a veteran who was not receiving or entitled to 
receive SMC for tuberculosis on August 19, 1968, the SMC authorized by 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section is not payable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a); Pub. L. 90-493, 82 Stat. 809)

Sec.  5.347  Continuance of a total disability rating for service-
connected tuberculosis.

    In service-connected cases, ratings for active or inactive 
tuberculosis will be governed by the Schedule for Rating Disabilities 
in part 4 of this chapter. Where in the opinion of the agency of 
original jurisdiction the veteran, at the expiration of the period 
during which a total rating is provided, will not be able to maintain 
inactivity of the disease process under the ordinary conditions of 
life, the case will be considered under Sec.  5.280.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction''.

[[Page 71231]]

Sec. Sec.  5.348-5.349  [Reserved]

Injury or Death Due to Hospitalization or Treatment


Sec.  5.350  Benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for additional disability 
or death due to hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, 
examination, training and rehabilitation services, or compensated work 
therapy program.

    (a) General rule. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, and subject to paragraphs (c) through (f) of this 
section, VA will pay disability compensation or dependency and 
indemnity compensation for an injury, disease, death, or for the 
aggravation of an existing injury or disease that occurs as a result of 
an examination, medical or surgical treatment, hospitalization, 
participation in vocational rehabilitation, or participation in 
compensated work therapy (CWT) under any law VA administers, as if it 
were service connected.
    (2) VA will not pay the benefits described in paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section if the injury, disease, death, or the aggravation of an 
existing injury or disease was the result of the veteran's willful 
misconduct.
    (b) Determining whether a veteran has an additional disability. To 
determine whether a veteran has an additional disability, VA will 
compare the veteran's condition immediately before the beginning of the 
hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, examination, training and 
rehabilitation services, or CWT program upon which the claim is based 
to the veteran's condition after such care, treatment, examination, 
services, or program has stopped. VA considers each involved body part 
or system separately.
    (c) Establishing the cause of additional disability or death. 
Claims based on additional disability or death due to hospital care, 
medical or surgical treatment, or examination must meet the causation 
requirements of this paragraph (c) and paragraph (d)(1) or (2) of this 
section. Claims based on additional disability or death due to training 
and rehabilitation services or CWT program must meet the causation 
requirements of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
    (1) Actual causation required. To establish causation, the evidence 
must show that the hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, or 
examination resulted in the veteran's additional disability or death. 
Merely showing that a veteran received care, treatment, or examination 
and that the veteran has an additional disability or died does not 
establish cause.
    (2) Continuance or natural progress of injury or disease. Hospital 
care, medical or surgical treatment, or examination cannot cause the 
continuance or natural progress of injury or disease for which the 
care, treatment, or examination was furnished unless VA's failure to 
timely diagnose and properly treat the injury or disease proximately 
caused the continuance or natural progress. The provision of training 
and rehabilitation services or CWT program cannot cause the continuance 
or natural progress of injury or disease for which the services were 
provided.
    (3) Veteran's failure to follow medical instructions. Additional 
disability or death caused by a veteran's failure to follow properly 
given medical instructions is not caused by hospital care, medical or 
surgical treatment, or examination.
    (d) Establishing the proximate cause of additional disability or 
death. The proximate cause of disability or death is the action or 
event that directly caused the disability or death, as distinguished 
from a remote contributing cause.
    (1) Care, treatment, or examination. To establish that 
carelessness, negligence, lack of proper skill, error in judgment, or a 
similar instance of VA fault in furnishing hospital care, medical or 
surgical treatment, or examination proximately caused a veteran's 
additional disability or death, the evidence must show that the 
hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, or examination caused the 
veteran's additional disability or death (as explained in paragraph (c) 
of this section); and
    (i) VA failed to exercise the degree of care that would be expected 
of a reasonable health-care provider; or
    (ii) VA furnished the hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, 
or examination without the veteran's or, in appropriate cases, the 
veteran's representative's informed consent. To determine whether there 
was informed consent, VA will consider whether the health-care 
providers substantially complied with the requirements of Sec.  17.32 
of this chapter. Minor deviations from the requirements of Sec.  17.32 
of this chapter that are immaterial under the circumstances of a case 
will not defeat a finding of informed consent. Consent may be express 
(that is, given orally or in writing) or implied under the 
circumstances specified in Sec.  17.32(b) of this chapter, as in 
emergency situations.
    (2) Events not reasonably foreseeable. Whether the proximate cause 
of a veteran's additional disability or death was an event not 
reasonably foreseeable is to be determined in each claim based on what 
a reasonable health-care provider would have foreseen. The event need 
not be completely unforeseeable or unimaginable but must be one that a 
reasonable health-care provider would not have considered an ordinary 
risk of the treatment provided. In determining whether an event was 
reasonably foreseeable, VA will consider whether the risk of that event 
was the type of risk that a reasonable health-care provider would have 
disclosed in connection with the informed consent procedures of Sec.  
17.32 of this chapter.
    (3) Training and rehabilitation services or compensated work 
therapy program. To establish that the provision of training and 
rehabilitation services or a CWT program proximately caused a veteran's 
additional disability or death, the evidence must show that the 
veteran's participation in an essential activity or function of the 
training, services, or CWT program provided or authorized by VA 
proximately caused the disability or death. The veteran must have been 
participating in such training, services, or CWT program provided or 
authorized by VA as part of an approved rehabilitation program under 38 
U.S.C. chapter 31 or as part of a CWT program under 38 U.S.C. 1718. It 
need not be shown that VA approved that specific activity or function, 
as long as the activity or function is generally accepted as being a 
necessary component of the training, services, or CWT program that VA 
provided or authorized.
    (e) Department employees and facilities.--(1) A Department employee 
is a person:
    (i) Who is appointed by the Department in the civil service under 
title 38, United States Code, or title 5, United States Code, as an 
employee as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2105;
    (ii) Who is engaged in furnishing hospital care, medical or 
surgical treatment, or examinations under authority of law; and
    (iii) Whose day-to-day activities are subject to supervision by the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
    (2) A Department facility is a facility over which the Secretary of 
Veterans Affairs has direct jurisdiction.
    (f) Activities that are not hospital care, medical or surgical 
treatment, or examination furnished by a Department employee or in a 
Department facility. The following activities are not hospital care, 
medical or surgical treatment, or examination furnished by a Department 
employee or in a Department facility within the meaning of 38 U.S.C. 
1151(a):
    (1) Hospital care or medical services furnished under a contract 
made under 38 U.S.C. 1703;

[[Page 71232]]

    (2) Nursing home care furnished under 38 U.S.C. 1720; and
    (3) Hospital care or medical services, including, but not limited 
to, examination, provided under 38 U.S.C. 8153, in a facility over 
which the Secretary does not have direct jurisdiction.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1151)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``nursing home,'' 
``proximately caused,'' and ``willful misconduct''.


Sec.  5.351  Effective dates of awards of benefits under 38 U.S.C. 
1151(a) for additional disability or death due to hospital care, 
medical or surgical treatment, examination, training and rehabilitation 
services, or compensated work therapy program.

    The effective date of an award of disability compensation under 38 
U.S.C. 1151(a) (see Sec.  5.350) will be one of the following:
    (a) Disability. Date injury or aggravation was suffered if a claim 
is received no later than 1 year after that date; otherwise, date of 
receipt of the claim.
    (b) Death. First day of the month in which the veteran's death 
occurred, if a claim is received no later than 1 year after the date of 
death; otherwise, date of receipt of the claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(c))

Sec.  5.352  Effect of Federal Tort Claims Act compromises, 
settlements, and judgments entered after November 30, 1962, on benefits 
awarded under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for additional disability or death due 
to hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, examination, training 
and rehabilitation services, or compensated work therapy program.

    (a) Offset of a veterans' awards of compensation. If a veteran's 
disability is the basis of a judgment awarded under 28 U.S.C. 1346(b), 
or of a settlement or compromise entered under 28 U.S.C. 2672 or 2677, 
after November 30, 1962, the entire amount of the veteran's share of 
the judgment, settlement, or compromise, including the veteran's 
proportional share of attorney fees, will be offset from any 
compensation awarded under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a).
    (b) Offset of survivors' awards of dependency and indemnity 
compensation. If a veteran's death is the basis of a judgment awarded 
under 28 U.S.C. 1346(b), or of a settlement or compromise entered under 
28 U.S.C. 2672 or 2677, after November 30, 1962, only the amount of the 
judgment, settlement, or compromise the survivor receives (in an 
individual capacity, or as distribution from the decedent veteran's 
estate) of sums included in the judgment, settlement, or compromise 
representing damages for the veteran's death to compensate for harm the 
survivor suffered, plus the survivor's proportional share of attorney 
fees, is to be offset from any dependency and indemnity compensation 
awarded under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a).
    (c) Offset of structured settlements. This paragraph applies if a 
veteran's disability or death is the basis of a structured settlement 
or structured compromise under 28 U.S.C. 2672 or 2677 entered after 
November 30, 1962.
    (1) The amount to be offset. The amount to be offset from benefits 
awarded under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) is the veteran's or survivor's 
proportional share of the cost to the U.S. of the settlement or 
compromise, including the veteran's or survivor's proportional share of 
attorney fees.
    (2) When the offset begins. The offset of benefits awarded under 38 
U.S.C. 1151(a) begins the first month after the structured settlement 
or structured compromise has become final that such benefits would 
otherwise be paid.
    (d) Offset of award of benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 21 or 38 
U.S.C. chapter 39. (1) VA will reduce the amount of an award of 
benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 21 or 39 by the amount received in a 
judgment, settlement, or compromise covered in paragraphs (a) through 
(c) of this section that became final after December 9, 2004, if it 
included an amount that was specifically designated for a purpose for 
which benefits are provided under 38 U.S.C. chapters 21 or 39, and VA 
awards chapter 21 or chapter 39 benefits after the date the judgment, 
settlement, or compromise becomes final,
    Cross References: (Sec. Sec.  5.604, Specially adapted housing 
under 38 U.S.C. 2101(a); 5.605, Special Home Adaptation Grants under 38 
U.S.C. 2101(b); Sec.  5.603, Financial assistance to purchase a vehicle 
or adaptive equipment.
    (2) If the amount described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section is 
greater than the amount of an award under 38 U.S.C. chapters 21 or 39, 
VA will offset the excess amount received under the judgment, 
settlement, or compromise against benefits otherwise payable under 38 
U.S.C. chapter 11.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1151)

Sec.  5.353  Effect of Federal Tort Claims Act administrative awards, 
compromises, settlements, and judgments finalized before December 1, 
1962, on benefits awarded under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a).

    If a veteran's disability or death was the basis of an 
administrative award under 28 U.S.C. 1346(b) made, or a settlement or 
compromise under 28 U.S.C. 2672 or 2677 finalized, before December 1, 
1962, VA may not award benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for any period 
after such award, settlement, or compromise was made or became final. 
If a veteran's disability or death was the basis of a judgment under 28 
U.S.C. 1346(b) that became final before December 1, 1962, VA may award 
benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151(a) for the disability or death unless the 
terms of the judgment provide otherwise.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1151)

Sec. Sec.  5.354-5.359   [Reserved]

Ratings for Health-Care Eligibility Only


Sec.  5.360  Service connection of dental conditions for treatment 
purposes.

    (a) General principles. (1) Service connection of dental conditions 
for treatment purposes means VA has determined that a veteran meets the 
basic eligibility requirements of Sec.  17.161 of this chapter and is 
eligible for treatment of a dental condition.
    (2) VA's Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) will adjudicate a 
claim for service connection of a dental condition for treatment 
purposes after the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) determines a 
veteran meets the basic eligibility requirements of Sec.  17.161 of 
this chapter and VHA requests that VBA make a determination on 
questions that include, but are not limited to any of the following:
    i. Former Prisoner of War status;
    ii. Whether the veteran has a compensable or non-compensable 
service-connected dental condition or disability;
    iii. Whether the dental condition or disability is a result of 
combat wounds;
    iv. Whether the dental condition or disability is a result of 
service trauma; or
    v. Whether the veteran is totally disabled due to a service-
connected disability.
    (b) Establishing service connection. VBA will determine service 
connection for establishing eligibility for outpatient dental treatment 
using the following principles:
    (1) VBA will consider the condition of teeth and periodontal 
tissues at the time of entry into active duty.
    (2) VBA will consider each defective or missing tooth and each 
disease of the teeth and periodontal tissue separately to determine 
whether the condition was incurred or aggravated in line of duty during 
active military service.
    (c) Conditions service connected for treatment purposes. (1) VA 
will service connect any of the following dental

[[Page 71233]]

conditions solely for purpose of providing treatment, but will not pay 
disability compensation for any of the following dental conditions:
    (i) Treatable carious teeth.
    (ii) Replaceable missing teeth.
    (iii) Dental or alveolar abscesses.
    (iv) Periodontal disease.
    (2) VBA will grant service connection for treatment purposes under 
this section if the evidence of record shows that the dental condition 
meets the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section.
    (3) These conditions and other dental conditions or disabilities 
that are noncompensably rated under Sec.  4.150 of this chapter may be 
service connected for purposes of Class II or Class II (a) dental 
treatment under Sec.  17.161 of this chapter.
    (d) Aggravation. Notations of conditions made at entry into service 
and treatment of such conditions during service (including, but not 
limited to, fillings, extractions, and placement of a prosthesis) are 
not evidence of aggravation unless additional pathology developed 180 
days or more after entry into active military service.
    (1) Teeth noted as normal at entry will be service connected for 
treatment purposes if they were filled or extracted 180 days or more 
after entry into active military service.
    (2) Teeth noted as filled at entry will be service connected for 
treatment purposes if they were extracted, or if the existing filling 
was replaced, 180 days or more after entry into active military 
service.
    (3) Teeth noted as carious but restorable at entry will not be 
service connected for treatment purposes on the basis that they were 
filled during service. Service connection may be established for 
treatment purposes if new caries developed 180 days or more after such 
teeth were filled.
    (4) Teeth noted as carious but restorable at entry will be service 
connected for treatment purposes if extraction was required 180 days or 
more after entry into active military service.
    (5) Third molars will not be service connected for treatment 
purposes unless disease or pathology of the tooth developed 180 days or 
more after entry into active military service.
    (6) Impacted or malposed teeth and other developmental defects will 
not be service connected for treatment purposes unless disease or 
pathology of the teeth developed 180 days or more after entry into 
active military service.
    (7) Teeth extracted because of chronic periodontal disease will be 
service connected for treatment purposes if they were extracted 180 
days or more after entry into active military service.
    (e) Conditions not service connected for treatment purposes. The 
following conditions will not be service connected for treatment 
purposes:
    (1) Teeth noted at entry as nonrestorable, regardless of treatment 
during service.
    (2) Teeth noted as missing at entry, regardless of treatment during 
service.
    (3) Calculus.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1712)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  17.161 Authorization of outpatient dental 
treatment; Sec.  5.140, Determining former prisoner of war status, for 
the definition of ``former prisoner of war''.


Sec.  5.361  Health-care eligibility of a person administratively 
discharged under other-than-honorable conditions.

    (a) General rule. VA will provide health-care and related benefits 
authorized by chapter 17 of title 38 U.S.C. to certain former 
servicemembers with administrative discharges under other-than-
honorable conditions for any disability incurred or aggravated during 
active military service in the line of duty.
    (b) Eligibility criteria. VA will use the same eligibility criteria 
that are applicable to determinations of incurrence in service and of 
incurrence in the line of duty when there is no character of discharge 
bar to determine a claimant's health-care eligibility.
    (c) Characterization of discharge. VA will not furnish health-care 
and related benefits for any disability incurred in or aggravated 
during a period of service discontinued by a bad-conduct discharge or 
when one of the character of discharge bars listed in Sec.  5.31(c) 
applies.

(Authority: Pub. L. 95-126, 91 Stat. 1106)

Sec.  5.362  Presumption of service incurrence of active psychosis for 
purposes of hospital, nursing home, domiciliary, and medical care.

    (a) Presumption of service incurrence for active psychosis. For 
purposes of determining eligibility for hospital, nursing home, 
domiciliary, and medical care under chapter 17 of title 38, United 
States Code, VA will presume that the veteran incurred any active 
psychosis developed under the circumstances described in paragraph (b) 
of this section in active military service.
    (b) Requirements. For purposes of this section, a veteran's active 
psychosis is presumed incurred in active military service if he or she 
served during one of the periods of war specified in the following 
table and developed the psychosis no later than 2 years after discharge 
from active military service and before the date specified in the 
following table that corresponds to the period of war during which the 
veteran served.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Must have developed active
                                         psychosis no later than 2 years
       Veteran who served during:          after discharge from active
                                           military service and before:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
World War II...........................  July 26, 1949.
Korean conflict........................  February 1, 1957.
Vietnam era............................  May 8, 1977.
Persian Gulf War.......................  The end of 2-year period
                                          beginning on the last day of
                                          the Persian Gulf War.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(16), 105, 501(a), 1702)


    Cross References: Sec. Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``nursing 
home'' and ``psychosis''; 5.20, Dates of periods of war.


Sec.  5.363  Determination of service connection for a former member of 
the Armed Forces of Czechoslovakia or Poland.

    For purposes of entitlement to VA medical care under 38 U.S.C. 
109(c), the agency of original jurisdiction will determine whether a 
former member of the Armed Forces of Czechoslovakia or Poland has a 
service connected disability. This determination will be made using the 
same criteria that apply to determinations of service connection based 
on service in the Armed Forces of the U.S.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction''.

[[Page 71234]]

Sec.  5.364  [Reserved]

Miscellaneous Service-Connection Regulations


Sec.  5.365  Claims based on the effects of tobacco products.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section, a disability or death will not be service connected on any 
basis, including secondary service connection under Sec.  5.246 or 
Sec.  5.247, if it resulted from injury or disease attributable to the 
veteran's use during service of tobacco products, such as cigars, 
cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, pipe tobacco, and roll-your-own tobacco.
    (b) Exceptions. Paragraph (a) of this section does not prohibit 
service connection if any of the following is true:
    (1) The disability or death can be service connected on some basis 
other than the veteran's use of tobacco products during service; or
    (2) The disability became manifest or death occurred during 
service; or
    (3) The disability or death resulted from injury or disease that 
manifested to the required degree of disability within any applicable 
presumptive period under Sec. Sec.  5.260 through 5.268, Sec.  5.270, 
or Sec.  5.271; or
    (4) Service connection is established for ischemic heart disease or 
other cardiovascular disease under Sec.  5.248 as secondary to a 
disability not caused by the use of tobacco products during service.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1103)

Sec.  5.366  Disability due to impaired hearing.

    VA will consider impaired hearing to be a disability when any of 
the following three criteria is satisfied:
    (a) The auditory threshold in any of the frequencies of 500, 1000, 
2000, 3000, or 4000 Hertz is 40 decibels or greater;
    (b) The auditory thresholds for at least three of the frequencies 
of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, or 4000 Hertz are 26 decibels or greater; or
    (c) Speech recognition scores using the Maryland CNC Test are less 
than 94 percent.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1110)

Sec.  5.367  Civil service preference ratings for employment in the 
U.S. government.

    For certifying civil service disability preference for purpose of 
employment by the U.S. government, a service-connected disability may 
be assigned a rating of less than 10 percent disabling. Any directly or 
presumptively service-connected disability resulting in actual 
impairment will qualify the veteran for the civil service preference. 
For disabilities incurred in combat, however, no actual impairment is 
required.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5 U.S.C. 2108(2)).

Sec.  5.368  Basic eligibility determinations: home loan and education 
benefits.

    (a) Loans--(1) Scope. A veteran identified in paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section is eligible for a loan under 38 U.S.C. chapter 37 if
    (i) He or she was discharged or released because of a service-
connected disability; or
    (ii) The official service department records show that he or she 
had a service-connected disability at the time of separation from 
service that in VA's medical judgment would have warranted a discharge 
for disability.
    (2) The determinations in paragraph (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this 
section are subject to the presumptions of soundness under Sec. Sec.  
5.244(a) and 5.245. This paragraph is also applicable, in determining 
eligibility to the maximum period of entitlement based on discharge or 
release for a service-connected disability, regardless of length of 
service. See Sec.  5.39.
    (3) Veterans affected. This paragraph applies to:
    (i) A veteran of World War II, the Korean conflict, or the Vietnam 
era who served for less than 90 days; or
    (ii) A veteran who served less than 181 days on active duty as 
defined in Sec. Sec.  36.4301 and 36.4501, and whose dates of service 
were:
    (A) After July 25, 1947, and before June 27, 1950;
    (B) After January 31, 1955, and before August 5, 1964; or
    (C) After May 7, 1975.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3702, 3707)


    (b) Veterans' educational assistance.--(1) Requirements for active 
duty servicemembers. VA will determine whether a veteran was discharged 
or released from active duty (as defined in Sec.  5.22) because of a 
service-connected disability, or whether the official service 
department records show that the veteran had a service-connected 
disability at time of separation from service which in VA's medical 
judgment would have warranted discharge for disability, if either of 
the following circumstances exist:
    (i) The veteran applies for benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 32, 
the minimum active duty service requirements of 38 U.S.C. 5303A apply 
to him or her, and the veteran would be eligible for such benefits only 
if:
    (A) He or she was discharged or released from active duty for a 
disability incurred or aggravated in the line of duty; or
    (B) He or she has a disability that VA has determined to be 
compensable under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11; or
    (ii) The veteran applies for benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 30; 
and
    (A) The evidence of record does not clearly show either that the 
veteran was discharged or released from active duty for disability or 
that the veteran's discharge or release from active duty was unrelated 
to disability; and
    (B) The veteran is eligible for basic educational assistance except 
for the minimum length of active duty service requirements of Sec.  
21.7042(a) or Sec.  21.7044(a) of this chapter.
    (2) Requirements for Selected Reserve servicemembers. VA will 
determine whether a veteran was discharged or released from service in 
the Selected Reserve for a service-connected disability or for a 
medical condition that preexisted the veteran's membership in the 
Selected Reserve and that VA determines is not service connected when 
the veteran applies for benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 30; and
    (i) The veteran would be eligible for basic educational assistance 
under that chapter only if he or she was discharged from the Selected 
Reserve for a service-connected disability or for a medical condition 
that preexisted the veteran's having become a member of the Selected 
Reserve and which VA finds is not service connected; or
    (ii) The veteran is entitled to basic educational assistance and 
would be entitled to receive it at the rates stated in Sec.  21.7136(a) 
or Sec.  21.7137(a) of this chapter only if he or she was discharged 
from the Selected Reserve for a service-connected disability or for a 
medical condition which preexisted the veteran's having become a member 
of the Selected Reserve and which VA finds is not service connected.
    (3) Requirements for reservists. VA will determine whether a 
reservist has been unable to pursue a program of education due to a 
disability that has been incurred in or aggravated by service in the 
Selected Reserve when:
    (i) The reservist is otherwise entitled to educational assistance 
under 10 U.S.C. chapter 1606; and
    (ii) He or she applies for an extension of his or her eligibility 
period.
    (4) The determinations required by paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of 
this section are subject to the presumptions of soundness under 
Sec. Sec.  5.244(a) and 5.245, based on service rendered after May 7, 
1975.

[[Page 71235]]


(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 16133(b); 38 U.S.C. 3011(a)(1)(A)(ii), 
3012(b)(1), 3202(1)(A))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reservist''. 
See 38 CFR part 21, for further information on veterans educational 
assistance.


Sec.  5.369  [Reserved]

Subpart F--Nonservice-Connected Disability Pensions and Death 
Pensions

Improved Pension Requirements: Veteran, Surviving Spouse, and Surviving 
Child


Sec.  5.370  Definitions for Improved Pension.

    (a) Adjusted annual income means countable annual income minus 
deductions described in Sec.  5.413, rounded down to the nearest 
dollar.
    (b) Annual Improved Pension amount means the annual amount of 
Improved Pension payable to a beneficiary, calculated as the maximum 
annual pension rate minus adjusted annual income.
    (c) Countable annual income means payments of any kind from any 
source that are not specifically excluded under Sec.  5.410, Sec.  
5.411, or Sec.  5.412.
    (d) Improved Pension means the nonservice-connected disability and 
death pension programs available to a new claimant beginning on January 
1, 1979. It is a benefit payable to an eligible and entitled veteran as 
``Improved Disability Pension;'' to a veteran's surviving spouse or 
surviving child as ``Improved Death Pension;'' or to any of those 
beneficiaries as ``special monthly pension.'' Improved Pension is paid 
monthly or as provided in Sec.  5.425, at rates set forth in Sec. Sec.  
5.390, 5.391, and 5.400.
    (e) Improved Pension payment amount is the monthly payment 
calculated under Sec.  5.421(a).
    (f) Maximum annual pension rate means the amount of Improved 
Pension payable to a beneficiary whose adjusted annual income is zero. 
The maximum annual pension rates are established by law. Maximum annual 
pension rates are described in Sec.  5.400.
    (g) Net worth means the value of real and personal property, as 
calculated under Sec.  5.414.
    (h) Payments are cash and cash equivalents (such as checks and 
other negotiable instruments), and the fair market value of personal 
services, goods, or room and board received in lieu of other forms of 
payment.
    (i) Special monthly pension is a type of Improved Pension with 
higher maximum annual pension rates than the rates for Improved Pension 
and is payable to a claimant who is eligible for Improved Pension and 
who meets additional criteria in Sec.  5.390 or Sec.  5.391. References 
to Improved Disability Pension or Improved Death Pension also apply to 
special monthly pension, when such regulations set forth eligibility or 
entitlement requirements.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.371  Eligibility and entitlement requirements for Improved 
Pension.

    (a) General rule. VA can only pay Improved Pension benefits, 
including, but not limited to, special monthly pension, to a 
beneficiary who is eligible and entitled to receive Improved Pension 
under this section.
    (b) Eligibility requirements for Improved Disability Pension. A 
veteran is eligible for Improved Disability Pension if the veteran:
    (1) Had wartime service under Sec.  5.372; and
    (2) Is either:
    (i) Age 65 or older; or
    (ii) Permanently and totally disabled under Sec.  5.380.
    (c) Eligibility requirements for Improved Death Pension. A 
surviving spouse or surviving child may be eligible for Improved Death 
Pension regardless of whether the veteran's death is service-connected. 
Eligibility is determined as follows:
    (1) A surviving spouse is eligible for Improved Death Pension if 
the deceased veteran had wartime service under Sec.  5.372. For the 
requirements to establish status as a surviving spouse, see Sec. Sec.  
5.200 and 5.430.
    (2) A surviving child is eligible for Improved Death Pension if the 
deceased veteran had wartime service under Sec.  5.372 and the child is 
not in the custody of a surviving spouse eligible to receive Improved 
Death Pension. For the requirements to establish status as a child and 
the custody rules for Improved Pension, see Sec. Sec.  5.220(b) and 
5.417.
    (d) Entitlement requirements for Improved Disability or Death 
Pension. In addition to the eligibility requirements of paragraphs (b) 
and (c) of this section, a claimant or beneficiary must meet the 
following income and net worth requirements to be entitled or to 
continue to be entitled to Improved Pension:
    (1) Income. Adjusted annual income cannot be greater than the 
applicable maximum annual pension rate.
    (2) Net worth. Net worth must not bar payment of Improved 
Disability or Death Pension, as provided in Sec.  5.414.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1513, 1521, 1522, 1541, 1542, 5303A)


Sec.  5.372  Wartime service requirements for Improved Pension.

    (a) Wartime periods for Improved Pension. For dates of the periods 
of war, see Sec.  5.20.
    (b) Wartime service requirement for Improved Disability Pension. A 
veteran has ``wartime service'' for Improved Disability Pension 
purposes if he or she served in the active military service for one or 
more of the following periods:
    (1) A period of 90 consecutive days or more, at least 1 day of 
which was during a period of war.
    (2) 90 nonconsecutive days or more during a period of war. Separate 
periods of service within the same period of war can be added together 
to meet the 90-day requirement.
    (3) A total of 90 days or more in 2 or more separate periods of 
service during more than 1 period of war.
    (4) Any period of time during a period of war if:
    (i) The veteran was discharged or released for a disability that VA 
later determines to be service-connected without presumptive provisions 
of law; or
    (ii) Official service records show that the veteran had such a 
service-connected disability at the time of discharge that would have 
justified discharge.
    (c) Wartime service requirement for Improved Death Pension. For 
Improved Death Pension claims, the veteran met the wartime service 
requirement if either of the following factors is true:
    (1) The veteran had wartime service as specified in paragraph (b) 
of this section; or
    (2) The veteran was, at the time of his or her death, receiving or 
entitled to receive disability compensation or military retired pay for 
a service-connected disability based on service during a period of war.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521(j), 1541(a), 1542)


Sec.  5.373  Evidence of age in Improved Pension claims.

    Where the age of a veteran or surviving spouse is material to an 
Improved Pension claim, VA will accept as true the veteran's or 
surviving spouse's statement of age where it is consistent with all 
other statements of age in the record. If the record contains 
inconsistent statements of age, VA will use the youngest age of record 
unless the veteran or surviving spouse can file documentation of an 
older age in one of the ways outlined in Sec.  5.229.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))



[[Page 71236]]




Sec. Sec.  5.374-5.379  [Reserved]

Improved Disability Pension: Disability Determinations and Effective 
Dates


Sec.  5.380  Disability requirements for Improved Disability Pension.

    (a) General rule. Unless a veteran has attained age 65, he or she 
must be permanently and totally disabled under this section in order to 
be eligible for Improved Disability Pension. In determining whether a 
veteran is permanently and totally disabled for Improved Pension 
purposes, VA will combine the disability ratings assigned to the 
veteran's nonservice-connected disability or disabilities with the 
ratings assigned to the veteran's service-connected disability or 
disabilities in the manner prescribed by the Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter.
    (b) Presumption of permanent and total disability for certain 
veterans. A veteran is presumed permanently and totally disabled for 
Improved Disability Pension purposes if the veteran is:
    (1) A patient in a nursing home for long-term care because of 
disability; or
    (2) Determined disabled by the Commissioner of Social Security for 
purposes of any benefits administered by the Commissioner.
    (c) Factual determination that a veteran is permanently and totally 
disabled. Permanent and total disability ratings for Improved 
Disability Pension purposes are authorized for single disabilities, or 
combinations of disabilities, that are not the result of the veteran's 
willful misconduct, whether or not they are service connected. In 
addition to the criteria for determining total disability and 
permanency of total disability contained in Sec.  5.284, the following 
special considerations apply in Improved Disability Pension cases:
    (1) Congenital, developmental, hereditary, and familial conditions. 
A permanent and total disability pension rating will be authorized for 
a congenital, developmental, hereditary, or familial condition, if the 
other requirements for such a rating are met.
    (2) Effective date. The permanence of total disability will be 
established as of the earliest date that is shown by the evidence. In 
cases where the claimant has been hospitalized, apply the following 
principles:
    (i) The need for hospitalization lasting any period of time may be 
a proper basis for determining permanence. If VA cannot determine 
whether a disability was permanent before the beginning of a period of 
hospitalization, but evidence shows that the disability was permanent 
at some time during the hospitalization and has not improved after such 
time, VA will establish permanence beginning on the date of admission 
into the hospital. In other cases, permanence will be established on 
the earliest date that it is shown by the evidence.
    (ii) In cases involving disabilities that require hospitalization 
for indefinite periods not otherwise established as permanently and 
totally disabling, VA will establish that the disability was permanent 
as of the date of admission into the hospital if the claimant is 
hospitalized for at least 6 months without improvement. In other cases, 
permanence will be established on the earliest date that it is shown by 
the evidence.
    (iii) In cases involving active pulmonary tuberculosis not 
otherwise established as permanently and totally disabling, VA will 
establish that the disability was permanent as of the date of admission 
into the hospital if the claimant is hospitalized for at least 6 months 
without improvement. If such active pulmonary tuberculosis improves 
after 6 months of hospitalization, but is still diagnosed as active 
after 12 months of hospitalization, permanence will also be established 
as of the date of admission into the hospital. In other cases, 
permanence will be established on the earliest date that it is shown by 
the evidence.
    (3) Veteran under age 40. In the case of a veteran under 40 years 
of age, permanence of total disability requires a finding that the end 
result of rehabilitation (that is, treatment for and adjustment to 
residual handicaps) will be permanent disability precluding more than 
marginal employment. Severe diseases and injuries, including, but not 
limited to, multiple fractures or the amputation of a single extremity, 
should not be taken to establish permanent and total disability until 
it is shown that the veteran, after treatment and convalescence, has 
been unable to secure or follow employment because of the disability 
and through no fault of the veteran.
    (4) Evidence of employability. The following elements will not be 
considered as evidence of employability:
    (i) Employment as a member-employee or similar employment obtained 
only in competition with disabled persons; and
    (ii) Participation in, or the receipt of a distribution of funds as 
a result of participation in, a therapeutic or rehabilitation activity 
under 38 U.S.C. 1718.
    (5) Extra-schedular basis for Improved Pension. Where a veteran who 
fails to meet the disability requirements based on the percentage 
standards of the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this 
chapter is found to be unemployable due to disability, age, 
occupational background, and other related factors (such as level of 
education or vocational training), VA may approve on an extra-schedular 
basis a permanent and total disability rating for Improved Pension 
purposes.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1502(a), 1513, 1521(a), 1523(a), 
1718(g))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``nursing home'' 
and ``willful misconduct''.


Sec. Sec.  5.381-5.382   [Reserved]


Sec.  5.383  Effective dates of awards of Improved Disability Pension.

    (a) General effective date provisions. Except as provided in 
paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, the effective date of an award of 
Improved Disability Pension will be the later of either:
    (1) The date of receipt of claim; or
    (2) The date the veteran became eligible (by attaining age 65 or by 
becoming permanently and totally disabled) and entitled (by meeting the 
income and net worth requirements).
    (b) Previously denied claims. If pension was previously claimed but 
was denied because the veteran's adjusted annual income was greater 
than the maximum annual pension rate, the effective date of an award of 
Improved Disability Pension will be the appropriate date under Sec.  
5.424.
    (c) Retroactive award. The effective date of a retroactive award of 
Improved Disability Pension will be the date the veteran became 
permanently and totally disabled or the date of receipt of the pension 
claim, whichever is to the veteran's advantage, if all of the following 
elements are established:
    (1) The veteran specifically requests a retroactive award;
    (2) VA receives the claim for a retroactive award not more than 1 
year after the date the veteran became permanently and totally 
disabled; and
    (3) Due to disability, the veteran was unable to file a claim for 
at least the first 30 days after the date that the veteran became 
permanently and totally disabled. The disability preventing the veteran 
from filing a claim need not be the same disability that made the 
veteran permanently and totally disabled, and need not require 
extensive hospitalization, but a disability that requires extensive 
hospitalization is a disability that would prevent a veteran from 
filing a claim. A veteran will not be found to have been unable to file 
a claim due to disability if the disability resulted from the veteran's 
willful misconduct.

[[Page 71237]]


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a) and (b)(3))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``willful 
misconduct''.


Sec. Sec.  5.384-5.389   [Reserved]

Special Monthly Pension Eligibility for a Veteran and Surviving Spouse


Sec.  5.390  Special monthly pension for a veteran or surviving spouse 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance.

    A veteran or surviving spouse who is eligible for Improved Pension 
may receive special monthly pension based on the need for regular aid 
and attendance if the claimant:
    (a) Has 5/200 visual acuity or less in both eyes with corrective 
lenses;
    (b) Has concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 degrees or 
less in both eyes;
    (c) Is a patient in a nursing home because of mental or physical 
incapacity; or
    (d) Establishes a factual need for regular aid and attendance under 
Sec.  5.320.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1502(b), 1521(d), 1541(d))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``nursing home''.


Sec.  5.391  Special monthly pension for a veteran or surviving spouse 
at the housebound rate.

    A veteran who is eligible for Improved Pension may receive special 
monthly pension at the housebound rate if he or she does not need 
regular aid and attendance and meets the criteria of paragraph (a) of 
this section. A surviving spouse who is eligible for Improved Pension 
may receive special monthly pension at the housebound rate if he or she 
does not need regular aid and attendance and meets the criteria of 
paragraph (b) of this section.
    (a) Veteran with permanent and total disability. The veteran has a 
single, permanent disability rated 100 percent disabling under the 
Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter 
(determinations of unemployability under Sec.  4.17 of this chapter do 
not qualify), and either:
    (1) Has an additional disability or disabilities independently 
rated at 60 percent or more disabling under VA's Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter. The additional disability or 
disabilities must be separate and distinct from the disability rated 
100 percent disabling and must involve different anatomical segments or 
bodily systems than the disability rated 100 percent disabling; or
    (2) Is ``permanently housebound'' because of disability or 
disabilities. Permanently housebound means that the veteran is 
substantially confined to his or her residence (ward or clinical areas, 
if institutionalized) and immediate premises because of a disability or 
disabilities, and it is reasonably certain that such disability or 
disabilities will not improve during the veteran's lifetime.
    (b) Surviving spouse. The surviving spouse is permanently 
housebound because of a disability or disabilities. The meaning of 
``permanently housebound'' for a surviving spouse is the same as its 
meaning for a veteran in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1502(c), 1513, 1521(e), 1541(e))

Sec.  5.392  Effective dates of awards of special monthly pension.

    (a) The effective date of an award of special monthly pension will 
be the later of either:
    (1) The effective date of the award of Improved Pension under Sec.  
5.383 or the award of Improved Death Pension under Sec.  5.431; or
    (2) The date entitlement to special monthly pension arose.
    (b) Concurrent receipt of Improved Pension and Improved Death 
Pension. A veteran can receive Improved Pension in his or her own right 
and also be entitled to receive Improved Death Pension based on the 
need for aid and attendance as a surviving spouse. However, special 
monthly pension based on the need for regular aid and attendance is not 
payable to the surviving spouse while he or she is receiving hospital 
care as a veteran. VA will resume special monthly pension based on the 
need for regular aid and attendance effective the day that he or she 
was discharged or released from hospital care. See Sec. Sec.  5.725 and 
5.761.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110)

Sec. Sec.  5.393-5.399  [Reserved]

Maximum Annual Pension Rates


Sec.  5.400  Maximum annual pension rates for a veteran, surviving 
spouse, or surviving child.

    The maximum annual rates of Improved Pension for the following 
categories of beneficiaries are the amounts specified in 38 U.S.C. 
1521, 1541, and 1542. The rates are higher if a veteran has a spouse or 
dependent child, or if a surviving spouse has custody of the child of 
the deceased veteran. To see the maximum annual rate for each category, 
see the authority citation under paragraphs (a) through (h) of this 
section. Current and historical maximum annual rates can be found on 
the Internet at http://www.va.gov or are available from any Veterans 
Service Center or Pension Management Center. Whenever there is an 
increase in the rates listed in this section, VA will publish notice in 
the Federal Register.
    (a) A veteran who is permanently and totally disabled or age 65 or 
older.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521(b) or (c))


    (b) A veteran who is housebound.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521(e))


    (c) A veteran who needs regular aid and attendance.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521(d))


    (d) Two veterans who are married to one another; combined rates.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521(f))


    (e) A surviving spouse.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1541(b) or (c))


    (f) A surviving spouse who is housebound.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1541(e))


    (g) A surviving spouse who needs regular aid and attendance.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1541(d))


    (h) A surviving child of a deceased veteran, when the child has no 
custodian or is in the custody of an institution.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1542)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.401  Automatic adjustment of maximum annual pension rates.

    (a) Pension rates increase when Social Security benefits increase. 
VA will increase each maximum annual pension rate whenever there is a 
cost-of-living increase in Social Security benefit amounts under title 
II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 415(i)), which pertains to the 
Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Benefits program. 
VA will increase the maximum annual pension rates by the same 
percentage as the Social Security increase, and the increase will be 
effective on the same date as the Social Security increase.
    (b) New rates are published in the Federal Register. Whenever the 
maximum annual pension rates increase, VA will publish the new rates in 
the ``Notices'' section of the Federal Register.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5312(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.402-5.409  [Reserved]

Improved Pension Income, Net Worth, and Dependency


Sec.  5.410  Countable annual income.

    (a) Time of receipt of income.--(1) Improved Disability Pension. 
For

[[Page 71238]]

purposes of calculating countable annual income for Improved Disability 
Pension, VA does not include income received before the effective date 
of the veteran's award.
    (2) Improved Death Pension. For purposes of calculating countable 
annual income for Improved Death Pension, VA does not include income 
received before the date of the veteran's death or income received 
before the effective date of the surviving spouse's or surviving 
child's award.
    (b) Whose income is countable?--(1) Improved Disability Pension for 
a veteran. The income of a veteran includes the veteran's income and 
that of the veteran's dependent spouse, regardless of whether the 
spouse's income is available to the veteran. It also includes the 
income of each dependent child, subject to Sec.  5.411.
    (2) Improved Death Pension for a surviving spouse. The income of a 
surviving spouse includes the surviving spouse's income and the income 
of each dependent child of the deceased veteran in the surviving 
spouse's custody, subject to Sec.  5.411.
    (3) Improved Death Pension for a surviving child. The income of a 
surviving child includes the surviving child's income and may include 
the income of that child's custodian and the income of other surviving 
children, as described in Sec.  5.435.
    Cross Reference: See Sec.  5.416, Persons considered as dependents 
for Improved Pension.
    (c) Categories and counting of income. If there is more than one 
way to categorize income under paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this 
section, it will be categorized in the way that is most favorable to 
the claimant or beneficiary. Payments of any kind from any source will 
be counted as income during the reporting period in which it was 
received unless specifically excluded under this section, or Sec.  
5.411 or Sec.  5.412. See Sec.  5.420.
    (1) Recurring income. Recurring income is income received or 
expected to be received in equal amounts and at regular intervals (for 
example, weekly, monthly, quarterly, etc.). There are two categories of 
recurring income:
    (i) Long-term. Long-term recurring income continues for an entire 
reporting period. VA will count such income during the reporting period 
in which it was received. If the initial payment was received after the 
beginning of the reporting period, VA will count such income as 
received during the 12 month period starting on the first of the month 
after the initial payment was received. Thereafter, VA will count such 
income during the reporting period in which it is received.
    (ii) Short-term. Short-term recurring income stops before it has 
been received for at least one full reporting period. VA will count 
such income as received during the 12 month period starting on the 
first of the month after the initial payment was received.
    (2) Nonrecurring income. Nonrecurring income is income received or 
expected to be received on a one-time basis (for example, an 
inheritance). VA will count such income as received during the 12 month 
period starting on the first of the month after it was received.
    (3) Irregular income. Irregular income is income received or 
expected to be received in unequal amounts or at different intervals 
during a reporting period. Irregular income is counted as follows:
    (i) General rule. VA will count the first installment of irregular 
income as received during the 12 month period starting on the first of 
the month after it was received. Thereafter, VA will count irregular 
income for 12 months from the beginning of the reporting period in 
which it is received.
    (ii) Overlapping irregular income. VA will count the lower amount 
of irregular income from the same source during any overlapping 
periods. However, if the irregular income for the calendar year is 
zero, then VA will count the irregular income for the full 12 month 
period.
    (d) Waived income. If a person waives income that cannot be 
excluded under Sec.  5.412, VA must count the waived income. However, 
if the person withdraws a claim for Social Security benefits in order 
to maintain eligibility for unreduced Social Security benefits upon 
reaching a particular age, VA will not regard this potential income as 
having been waived and will therefore not count it.
    (e) Salary. Income from a salary is not determined by ``take-home'' 
pay. VA counts as income the gross salary (earnings or wages) without 
any deductions. However, an employer's contributions to health and 
hospitalization plans are not included in gross salary.
    (f) Income-producing property. Income from real or personal 
property counts as income of the property's owner. This includes, but 
is not limited to, property acquired through purchase, gift, or 
inheritance.
    (1) Proof of ownership. VA will consider the terms of the recorded 
deed or other evidence of title as proof of ownership.
    (2) Income from jointly-owned property. Where a person owns 
property jointly with others, including, but not limited to, 
partnership property, VA will only count that portion of income 
produced by the property that represents the person's share of the 
ownership of the property.

    Note to paragraph (f)(2): If a beneficiary's income includes 
that of his or her spouse, and both the beneficiary and spouse are 
co-owners of a property that produces income, then income 
representing both co-owned shares is included as income to the 
beneficiary.

    (3) Transfer of ownership with retention of income. If a person 
transfers ownership of property to another person or legal entity, but 
retains the right to income, the income will be counted.
    (g) Gambling income and losses. VA will deduct from gambling gross 
winnings any gambling losses to arrive at net gambling income. Only net 
gambling income is countable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1503, 1521, 1541, 1542)

Sec.  5.411  Counting a child's income for Improved Pension payable to 
a child's parent.

    (a) General rule. VA counts as income to the parent-beneficiary 
(that is, the veteran or surviving spouse receiving Improved Pension), 
the annual income of every child of the veteran who is in the parent-
beneficiary's custody. However, the parent-beneficiary may file a claim 
to exclude all or part of the child's income. Upon receipt of such a 
claim, VA will provide the parent-beneficiary (claimant) with the 
proper application used to calculate the exclusion. The bases for 
exclusion are set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
    (b) All or part of the child's income is not considered available 
for expenses necessary for reasonable family maintenance--(1) General 
rule. The parent-beneficiary may establish that all or part of the 
child's adjusted annual income is not available to meet the parent-
beneficiary's expenses necessary for reasonable family maintenance. 
These expenses include food, clothing, health-care, shelter, and other 
expenses necessary to support a reasonable quality of life and cannot 
include expenses for items such as luxuries, gambling, and investments.
    (2) Examples. The following are examples of common ways that a 
parent-beneficiary may establish that a child's income is not 
considered available. This is not an exclusive list:
    (i) The child's income is being saved in an account for the child's 
education;

[[Page 71239]]

    (ii) The child did not reside in the parent-beneficiary's household 
for all or part of the year;
    (iii) The child's income is automatically routed into a trust 
account under a court order; or
    (iv) The child lives with the parent-beneficiary, but the child's 
income is being received by someone outside of that parent's household.
    (c) Counting a child's income would create a hardship. The parent-
beneficiary may establish that counting all or part of the child's 
countable annual income, less any amount that is not available to the 
parent-beneficiary under paragraph (b) of this section, would result in 
hardship. The formula to calculate the amount of any hardship exclusion 
follows:
    (1) Calculate the annual expenses necessary for reasonable family 
maintenance. Calculate the annual expenses necessary for reasonable 
family maintenance in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section. 
The parent-beneficiary's annual expenses necessary for reasonable 
family maintenance cannot include expenses already deducted in 
determining the parent-beneficiary's or the child's adjusted annual 
income.
    (2) Subtract the parent-beneficiary's adjusted annual income. 
Subtract from the annual expenses (paragraph (c)(1) of this section), 
the parent-beneficiary's adjusted annual income, as calculated under 
this part.

    Note to paragraph (c)(2): This number will include the child's 
adjusted annual income, because such income is countable to the 
parent-beneficiary with custody of such child under paragraph (a) of 
this section.

    (3) Subtract any of the child's income that is not considered 
available. Subtract from the number calculated under paragraph (c)(2) 
of this section any of the child's income that was not reasonably 
available under paragraph (b) of this section.
    (4) Subtract the annual Improved Pension amount. Subtract the 
parent-beneficiary's annual Improved Pension amount, which is the 
applicable maximum annual pension rate less the parent-beneficiary's 
adjusted annual income as calculated in paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section.
    (5) The amount of hardship exclusion. (i) The amount of the 
hardship exclusion is the lesser of:
    (A) The resulting amount in paragraph (c)(4) of this section; or
    (B) The amount of the child's income that is considered available 
to the parent-beneficiary, that is, the child's adjusted annual income 
minus any amount calculated under paragraph (b) of this section.
    (ii) If the amount of the hardship exclusion is zero or a negative 
number, then no hardship exclusion is permitted.
    (6) Effective date of exclusion. The effective date of a hardship 
exclusion claim is determined in the same way as the effective date of 
pension awards under Sec.  5.424.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(10), 1521, 1541)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.412  Income exclusions for calculating countable annual income.

    VA will not count income from the following sources when 
calculating countable income for Improved Pension:
    (a) Items related to a child's earned income. A dependent child or 
a surviving child's earned income, which is current work income 
received during the reporting period, is countable for VA purposes. VA 
will deduct from such earned income the following amounts:
    (1) The least amount of gross income for which an unmarried person 
must file a Federal Income Tax return if the person is not a surviving 
spouse or a head of household. For the law regarding this amount, see 
26 U.S.C. 6012. For the definitions of the terms ``unmarried person'', 
``surviving spouse'', and ``head of household'' for purposes of this 
paragraph (c), see 26 U.S.C. 2(a) and (b), 7703. See also http://www.irs.gov.
    (2) The amount that the child pays for educational expenses, if the 
child is pursuing post-secondary education or vocational 
rehabilitation, including, but not limited to, tuition, fees, books, 
and materials.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(10))


    (b) Donations received. Donations received from public or private 
relief or welfare organizations, including, but not limited to:
    (1) The value of maintenance furnished by a relative, friend, or a 
civic or governmental charitable organization, including, but not 
limited to, money paid to an institution for care due to a person's 
impaired health or advanced age. However, if the maintenance is 
excluded as income under this provision, VA cannot deduct it as an 
unreimbursed medical expense under Sec.  5.413.
    (2) Benefits received under means-tested programs, for example, 
Supplementary Security Income payments.
    (3) Payments from the VA Special Therapeutic and Rehabilitation 
Activities Fund for participating in VA-approved therapy or 
rehabilitation under 38 U.S.C. 1718, or in a program of rehabilitation 
which is conducted by a VA-approved State home and which conforms to 
the requirements of 38 U.S.C. 1718.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(1), 1718(g)(3))


    (c) Certain VA benefit payments. The following VA benefit payments:
    (1) VA nonservice-connected disability or death pension payments, 
including, but not limited to, accrued benefits.
    (2) The veteran's month-of-death rate paid to a surviving spouse 
under Sec.  5.695.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(2), 5310(b))


    (d) Casualty loss reimbursement. Reimbursements of any kind 
(including insurance settlement payments) for expenses related to the 
repayment, replacement, or repair of equipment, vehicles, items, money, 
or property resulting from (1) any accident (as defined by the 
Secretary), but the amount excluded under this subclause shall not 
exceed the greater of the fair market value or reasonable replacement 
value of the equipment or vehicle involved at the time immediately 
preceding the accident;
    (2) Any theft or loss (as defined by the Secretary), but the amount 
excluded under this subclause shall not exceed the greater of the fair 
market value or reasonable replacement value of the item or the amount 
of the money (including legal tender of the United States or of a 
foreign country) involved at the time immediately preceding the theft 
or loss; or
    (3) Any casualty loss (as defined by the Secretary), but the amount 
excluded under this subclause shall not exceed the greater of the fair 
market value or reasonable replacement value of the property involved 
at the time immediately preceding the casualty loss.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(5))


    (e) Profit from sale of non-business property. Profit realized from 
the disposition of real or personal property other than in the course 
of a business. However, any amounts received in excess of the sales 
price, such as interest payments on deferred sales, will be counted as 
income. If payments are received in installments, the installments 
received will not begin to count as income until the total of 
installments received is equal to the sales price. The following 
exceptions apply:
    (1) Bonds. If the redemption of a bond issued by a federal, state, 
municipal or other political entity is required for the payment of 
accrued interest, then the

[[Page 71240]]

accrued interest payable is excluded from income.
    (2) Life insurance. If the surrender of a life insurance policy is 
required to obtain the proceeds, then the interest received is excluded 
from income.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(6))


    (f) Joint accounts. Amounts in joint accounts in banks or similar 
financial institutions acquired because of the death of the other joint 
owner.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(7))


    (g) Survivor benefit annuity. Payments made by the Department of 
Defense to a qualified surviving spouse of a veteran who died before 
November 1, 1953. (This does not include Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP) 
annuity payments or SBP Minimum Income Widow(er)'s Annuity Plan 
payments, which count as income.)

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1448 note; Sec. 653(d), Pub. L. 100-456, 102 
Stat. 1991)


    (h) Radiation Exposure Compensation Act payments. Payments made 
under section 6 of the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 2210 (note))


    (i) Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund payments. Payments made under 
section 103(c) and excluded under 103(h)(2) of the Ricky Ray Hemophilia 
Relief Fund Act of 1998.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300c-22 (note))


    (j) Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program 
payments. Payments made under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 
Compensation Program.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7385e(2))


    (k) Payments to Aleuts. Payments made to certain Aleuts under 50 
U.S.C. app. 1989c-5.

(Authority: 50 U.S.C. app. 1989c-5(d)(2))


    (l) Other amounts. The following incomes are excluded because VA 
does not consider them as ``payments'':
    (1) Dividends from commercial insurance policies and cash surrender 
of life insurance to the extent that they represent return of premiums. 
However, interest earned is considered a payment.
    (2) Income tax refunds.
    (3) Interest on Individual Retirement Accounts that cannot be 
withdrawn without incurring a penalty.
    (4) Interest on prepaid burial plans that is added to the value of 
the policy and is not available to the policy holder.
    (5) Royalties received for extracting minerals.
    (6) School scholarships and grants earmarked for specific 
educational purposes to the extent they are used for those purposes.
    (7) Benefits payable but withheld, such as Social Security withheld 
to recoup an overpayment. This does not apply to VA benefits withheld 
to recoup an overpayment.
    (8) Lump-sum proceeds of any life insurance policy on a veteran.
    (m) Payments listed in Sec.  5.706.
    (n) State compensation for veterans. Payment of a monetary amount 
of up to $5,000 to a veteran from a State or municipality that is paid 
as a veterans benefit due to injury or disease.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503)

Sec.  5.413  Income deductions for calculating adjusted annual income.

    (a) General rule. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph 
(c)(2)(iv) of this section, expenses and losses are deducted for the 
initial reporting period or the annual reporting period during which 
the expense was paid, regardless of when the expense was incurred. For 
the definitions of ``initial reporting period'' and ``annual reporting 
period'', see Sec.  5.420.
    (b) Unreimbursed (out-of-pocket) medical expenses. VA will deduct 
from countable annual income unreimbursed (out-of-pocket) medical 
expenses (identified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section) that were 
paid within the reporting period, regardless of when the beneficiary 
incurred the debt, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. 
See Sec.  5.707. For purpose of authorizing prospective Improved 
Pension payments, VA will accept a clear and reasonable estimate of 
expected future medical expenses, but such future expenses may be 
adjusted based on receipt of an amended estimate or of a medical 
expense report. Improved Pension beneficiaries must report any change 
in medical expenses if they are claiming any medical expense deductions 
under this section.
    (1) Amount of deductible unreimbursed medical expenses. VA will 
deduct unreimbursed (out-of-pocket) medical expenses that exceed 5 
percent of the beneficiary's maximum annual pension rate that is in 
effect for the period(s) during which VA deducts the expenses. The 
maximum annual pension rate that VA uses for this calculation includes 
the maximum annual pension rates for an established dependent but does 
not include the maximum annual pension rates based on the need for 
regular aid and attendance or housebound status.
    (2) Deductible unreimbursed medical expenses. In no case will VA 
deduct as a medical expense any ``final expense'' defined in paragraph 
(c) of this section. Subject to paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the 
following medical expenses are deductible:
    (i) Improved Disability Pension. Amounts paid by the veteran or the 
veteran's dependent spouse for the unreimbursed medical expenses of the 
veteran; the veteran's dependent spouse; and any or all of the 
following persons who are also members or constructive members of the 
veteran's or dependent spouse's household: A child, a parent, or 
another relative for whom there is a moral or legal obligation of 
support.
    (ii) Improved Death Pension: surviving spouse beneficiary. Amounts 
paid by the surviving spouse for both the surviving spouse's 
unreimbursed medical expenses and those of any or all of the following 
persons who are also members or constructive members of the surviving 
spouse's household: A child, a parent, or another relative for whom 
there is a moral or legal obligation of support.
    (iii) Improved Death Pension: surviving child beneficiary. Amounts 
paid by a surviving child for the surviving child's unreimbursed 
medical expenses and those of a parent, brother, or sister.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(8))


    (c) Final expenses.--(1) Definitions.--(i) Final expenses. For 
purposes of this section, ``final expenses'' are expenses paid by an 
Improved Pension beneficiary for a veteran's, spouse's, or child's last 
illness and burial. In Improved Death Pension cases, final expenses 
also include a veteran's just debts.
    (ii) Last illness. For purposes of this section, last illness means 
the medical condition that was the primary or secondary cause of a 
person's death as indicated on the person's death certificate.
    (iii) Veteran's just debts. For purposes of this section, a 
veteran's ``just debts'' are those debts that the veteran incurred or 
those debts that the veteran and spouse incurred jointly during the 
veteran's life. The term ``just debts'' does not include any debt that 
is secured by real or personal property.
    (2) Final expenses that VA will deduct from countable annual 
income.--(i) Veteran awards. VA will deduct amounts paid by a veteran 
for the last illness and burial of the veteran's spouse or child, and 
amounts paid by a veteran's spouse for the last illness and burial of 
the veteran's child.
    (ii) Surviving child awards. VA will deduct amounts paid by a 
surviving child for the veteran's final expenses.
    (iii) Surviving spouse awards. VA will deduct amounts paid by a 
surviving

[[Page 71241]]

spouse for the final expenses of the veteran or the veteran's child.
    (iv) Surviving spouse's prior payments of veteran's last illness 
expenses. VA will deduct amounts reported during the surviving spouse's 
initial reporting period if:
    (A) The amounts were paid by the surviving spouse before the 
veteran's death for the veteran's last illness;
    (B) The surviving spouse made the payments no earlier than 1 year 
before the veteran died; and
    (C) VA received the surviving spouse's Improved Death Pension claim 
no later than 1 year after the veteran's death.
    (3) Final expenses that VA will not deduct from countable annual 
income. VA will not deduct final expenses from a beneficiary's 
countable annual income if:
    (i) The expenses are reimbursed under 38 U.S.C. chapter 23 (see 
subpart J of this part concerning VA burial benefits); or
    (ii) The expenses of a veteran's last illness were allowed as a 
medical expense deduction on the veteran's pension or parents' 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) account during the 
veteran's lifetime.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(3), (4))


    (d) Educational expenses. VA will deduct educational expenses from 
a veteran's or surviving spouse's countable annual income. Educational 
expenses means payments a veteran or surviving spouse makes for his or 
her course of education, vocational rehabilitation, or training. It 
includes, but is not limited to, tuition, fees, books, and materials. 
If the veteran or surviving spouse needs regular aid and attendance, it 
also includes unreimbursed unusual transportation expenses associated 
with the pursuit of the course of education, vocational rehabilitation, 
or training. VA considers transportation expenses ``unusual'' if they 
are greater than the amount a person without a disability would 
reasonably spend on an appropriate means of transportation (public 
transportation, if reasonably available). Educational expenses that are 
reimbursed by scholarships or grants are not deductible.
    See also Sec.  5.412(a)(2) (concerning deducting a child's 
educational expenses from his or her earned income).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(a)(9))


    (e) Expenses and awards or settlements for death or disability. VA 
will deduct from income received based on an award or settlement for 
death or disability any medical, legal, or other expenses that are 
incident to such death or disability or are incident to the collection 
or recovery of such an award or settlement. However, medical expenses 
cannot be deducted under this paragraph (e) if they are paid after the 
date that the award or settlement payment was received. Medical 
expenses paid after that date may be deducted under paragraph (b) of 
this section as unreimbursed medical expenses. VA will not deduct the 
same medical expenses under paragraph (b) of this section that it 
deducts under this paragraph (e). For purposes of this paragraph (e), 
the award or settlement may be received from any of the following 
sources:
    (1) Commercial insurance proceeds (disability, accident, life, or 
health);
    (2) The Office of Workers' Compensation Programs of the U.S. 
Department of Labor;
    (3) The Social Security Administration;
    (4) The Railroad Retirement Board;
    (5) Any worker's compensation or employer's liability statute; or
    (6) Legal damages collected for personal injury or death.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    (f) Business, farm, or professional practice--(1) Necessary 
operating expenses. VA will deduct from income produced by a business, 
farm, or professional practice the necessary operating expenses (such 
as the cost of goods sold and payments for rent, taxes, upkeep, 
repairs, and replacements) of that business, farm, or professional 
practice. Only the net of such income is countable. The value of an 
increase in stock inventory of a business is not income.
    (2) Depreciation. Depreciation of a business, farm, or professional 
practice is not deductible from income produced by that business, farm, 
or professional practice.
    (3) Business and investment losses. Losses sustained in operating a 
business, farm, or professional practice, or from transactions 
involving investment property, may be deducted only from income derived 
from the source that sustained the loss.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


Sec.  5.414  Net worth determinations for Improved Pension.

    (a) How to calculate net worth--(1) General formula. For Improved 
Pension purposes, net worth is the market value of all real and 
personal property owned by the claimant or beneficiary or listed under 
paragraph (c) of this section, minus mortgages or other encumbrances on 
such property.
    (2) Establishing ownership of an asset. VA will consider the terms 
of the recorded deed or other evidence of title to be proof of 
ownership of a particular asset.
    (i) Property given to a relative. If a claimant or beneficiary 
gives property to a relative living in the same household, VA will 
include the value of the property as part of the claimant's or 
beneficiary's net worth. This also applies if the claimant or 
beneficiary sells the property to a relative in the same household at 
such a low price that it amounts to a gift.
    (ii) Property given to a non-relative. If a claimant or beneficiary 
gives property to someone other than a relative living in the same 
household, VA will include the value of the property as net worth 
unless the claimant or beneficiary has given up all rights of 
ownership, including, but not limited to, the right to control the 
property.
    (b) Property excluded from net worth. Net worth does not include 
the following elements:
    (1) Value of the primary residence (single-family unit), which also 
includes a reasonably sized lot. The primary residence will not be 
included as net worth simply because the veteran has moved into a 
nursing home.
    (i) Personal mortgage not deductible from net worth. Because the 
value of a primary residence is not considered, VA will not subtract 
from net worth under paragraph (a) of this section the amount of any 
mortgages or encumbrances on such property.
    (ii) Reasonably sized lot defined. VA will evaluate a ``reasonably 
sized lot'' by considering the size of other residential lots in the 
vicinity. If the residential lot is larger than other such lots in the 
vicinity, VA will exclude only the value of the reasonably sized lot 
and include the value of the rest of the lot as part of net worth. If 
the real property is a farm, VA will exclude the value of a reasonably 
sized lot, including the residence area, and consider the rest of the 
farm as part of net worth.
    (2) Value of personal effects suitable to and consistent with a 
reasonable mode of life, such as appliances and family transportation 
vehicles.
    (3) Child educational exclusion. When calculating a child's net 
worth, whether as a dependent or as a claimant (surviving child), VA 
will exclude reasonable amounts for actual or estimated future 
educational or vocational expenses. VA will exclude only the amount 
needed to cover the child's educational or vocational expenses until he 
or she reaches age 23.

[[Page 71242]]

    (4) Radiation Exposure Compensation Act payments. Payments made 
under Section 6 of the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 2210 (note))


    (5) Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund payments. Payments made under 
section 103(c) and excluded under 103(h)(2) of the Ricky Ray Hemophilia 
Relief Fund Act of 1998.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300c-22 (note))


    (6) Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program 
payments. Payments made under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 
Compensation Program.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7385e(2))


    (7) Payments to Aleuts. Payments made to certain Aleuts under 50 
U.S.C. App. 1989c-5.

(Authority: 50 U.S.C. App. 1989c-5(d)(2))


    (8) Other payments. Other payments excluded from net worth listed 
in Sec.  5.706.
    (c) Net worth of relatives of the claimant or beneficiary counted 
as net worth.
    (1) Veteran. The veteran's net worth includes the net worth of his 
or her spouse.
    (2) Surviving spouse. The surviving spouse's net worth only 
includes the net worth of the surviving spouse.
    (3) Surviving child--(i) Surviving child without a custodian or 
institutionalized. If a surviving child has no custodian or is in the 
custody of an institution, VA will consider only the child's net worth 
and adjusted annual income when determining whether net worth is a bar 
to Improved Death Pension under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (ii) Surviving child living with a custodian. If the surviving 
child has a custodian other than an institution, the child's net worth 
includes that person's net worth. If the child is in joint custody as 
provided in Sec.  5.417(b), the child's net worth includes both 
custodians' net worth.
    (d) How net worth bars an award of Improved Pension.--(1) General 
rule. VA cannot pay Improved Pension if it is reasonable to expect that 
part of the claimant's or beneficiary's net worth, as calculated under 
this section, should be used for the claimant's living expenses. This 
applies to new claims for, and to ongoing entitlement to, Improved 
Pension. Generally, when net worth is $80,000 or more, it is reasonable 
to expect that part of the net worth should be used for living 
expenses. Generally, when net worth is less than $80,000, it is not 
reasonable to expect that part of the net worth should be used for 
living expenses. However, there may be exceptions to the guidelines 
stated in this paragraph (d) based on the facts of each case.
    (2) Relevant factors. The following factors are considered in 
determining whether it is reasonable to expect that part of the net 
worth should be used for the claimant's or beneficiary's living 
expenses:
    (i) The adjusted annual income and the adjusted annual income of 
any person whose net worth is considered part of the claimant's or 
beneficiary's net worth.
    (ii) Living expenses. However, in considering the claimant's or 
beneficiary's living expenses, VA cannot consider expenses it excluded 
or deducted in determining adjusted annual income.
    (iii) The average life expectancy for a person of the same age as 
the claimant or beneficiary and the potential rate of depletion of net 
worth.
    (iv) The value of liquid assets (assets that the claimant or 
beneficiary can readily convert into cash).
    (v) The number of family members (as defined in Sec.  5.300) who 
depend on the claimant or beneficiary for support.
    (e) How a veteran's child's net worth affects an Improved Pension 
award to a parent who has custody of that child. A veteran's child's 
net worth affects an Improved Pension award to a parent who has custody 
of that child. If a child's net worth is such that under all 
circumstances, including consideration of the veteran's or surviving 
spouse's adjusted annual income, it is reasonable to expect that part 
of the child's net worth be consumed for the child's maintenance, such 
a child will not be considered a dependent for Improved Pension.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1522, 1543)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.415  Effective dates of changes in Improved Pension benefits 
based on changes in net worth.

    (a) Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of Improved 
Pension award when net worth increases--(1) Beneficiary. If an increase 
in a beneficiary's net worth requires VA to discontinue Improved 
Pension, VA will discontinue the Improved Pension award effective the 
first day of the year after the year that net worth increased.
    (2) Child. If an increase in a child's net worth requires VA to 
reduce or discontinue that child's dependency under Sec.  5.414(e), VA 
will adjust the payment amount effective the first day of the year 
after the year that net worth increased.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(4)(B))


    (b) Claims previously denied or awards previously discontinued 
because of net worth. When a claim for Improved Pension has been 
denied, or an award of Improved Pension has been reduced or 
discontinued, due to excessive net worth, a claimant or former 
beneficiary may reapply for Improved Pension if there is a reduction in 
net worth. See Sec.  5.414(d). If net worth ceases to be a bar before 
the previous denial or discontinuance has become final, the effective 
date of resumption of pension benefits will be the date that net worth 
ceased to be a bar. If net worth ceases to be a bar after the previous 
denial or discontinuance has become final, the effective date of 
resumption of pension benefits will be assigned under Sec.  5.383 or 
Sec.  5.431.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.57, Claims definitions.


Sec.  5.416  Persons considered as dependents for Improved Pension.

    (a) Factors for a veteran's dependent spouse. A veteran's spouse is 
a dependent spouse for Improved Disability Pension purposes if at least 
one of the following factors applies:
    (1) The veteran lives with the spouse;
    (2) The veteran and the spouse live apart but are not estranged; or
    (3) The veteran and the spouse live apart and are estranged, but 
the veteran provides reasonable contributions to the spouse's support. 
Whether support contributions are reasonable is a factual matter that 
VA determines.
    (b) Factors for a dependent child. Unless paragraph (c) of this 
section applies, a child is a dependent child for Improved Pension 
purposes if at least one of the following factors applies:
    (1) The child is in the veteran's or surviving spouse's custody; or
    (2) The veteran provides reasonable contributions to the child's 
support. Whether support contributions are reasonable is a factual 
matter that VA determines.
    (c) When a child's net worth bars dependency status. If a child's 
net worth is a bar, under Sec.  5.414(e), to payment of additional 
Improved Pension for that child, then that child is not a dependent 
child for Improved Pension purposes.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521, 1522(b), 1541, 1543(a)(2))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.

[[Page 71243]]

Sec.  5.417  Child custody for purposes of determining dependency for 
Improved Pension.

    For purposes of Improved Pension:
    (a) Presumption of custody. A child's natural or adoptive parent, 
or a person or institution with legal responsibility for that child, is 
presumed to be the child's custodian unless there has been a legal 
determination removing custody.
    (b) Presumption of joint custody. If a child's natural or adoptive 
parent is married to someone other than the child's other natural or 
adoptive parent, the child is presumed to be in the joint custody of 
the natural or adoptive parent and stepparent unless:
    (i) The child's stepparent and natural or adoptive parent are 
estranged and living apart; or
    (ii) Custody is legally removed from the natural or adoptive 
parent.
    (c) Custody retained after the age of majority. A child over age 18 
is presumed to remain in the custody of the person whose custody the 
child was in before attaining age 18, unless custody is legally 
removed. This applies without regard to whether a child has reached the 
age of majority under applicable State law. This also applies without 
regard to whether the child was eligible for pension before age 18, or 
whether increased pension was payable to a veteran or surviving spouse 
for the child before the child's 18th birthday.
    (d) Successor custodian after the age of majority. If a child's 
custodian dies after the child's 18th birthday, VA will presume that 
the child is in the custody of a successor custodian, but if there is 
no successor custodian, the child may be eligible for benefits in his 
or her own right.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1521, 1541)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``custody of a 
child'' and ``State''. Sec.  5.220(b)(2), Status as a child for benefit 
purposes, (enumerating situations in which a person is recognized as a 
child after attaining age 18).


Sec. Sec.  5.418-5.419   [Reserved]

Improved Pension: Income Reporting Periods, Payments, Effective Dates, 
and Time Limits


Sec.  5.420  Reporting periods for Improved Pension.

    When calculating adjusted annual income, VA counts income that is 
reported by a claimant or beneficiary during a ``reporting period.'' A 
``reporting period'' is a time period established by VA during which a 
claimant or beneficiary must report to VA all income, net worth, and 
adjustments to income. However, the claimant or beneficiary may report 
a change in income or net worth when the change occurs. There are two 
types of reporting periods: The initial reporting period and the annual 
reporting period.
    (a) Initial reporting period--(1) General rule. Except as provided 
in paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of this section, the initial reporting 
period begins on the latest of the following dates:
    (i) The date VA receives a pension claim;
    (ii) The date VA receives an election under Sec.  5.460 or Sec.  
5.463; or
    (iii) The date the claimant becomes eligible to receive Improved 
Pension.
    (2) Retroactive awards. For Improved Pension claims where an 
effective date before the date of claim is assigned pursuant to Sec.  
5.383(b), the initial reporting period begins on the date the veteran 
became permanently and totally disabled if that would be to the 
veteran's advantage. If it would not be to the veteran's advantage, 
then the initial reporting period begins on the date of the pension 
claim.
    (3) Improved Death Pension claim received no later than 1 year 
after date of veteran's death. When VA receives an Improved Death 
Pension claim no later than 1 year after the date of the veteran's 
death, the initial reporting period begins on the day that the veteran 
died. This is true even though the effective date under Sec.  5.695 is 
the first day of the month of death. See Sec.  5.431 for effective 
dates and rule applicability.
    (4) End of period. The initial reporting period ends 1 year after 
the last day of the month in which the period began.
    (b) Annual reporting period. For Improved Pension purposes, the 
annual reporting period is each calendar year. The first annual 
reporting period is the calendar year in which the initial reporting 
period ends.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1506, 1521, 1541, 1542)


Sec.  5.421  How VA calculates an Improved Pension payment amount.

    (a) How VA calculates a monthly Improved Pension payment amount. To 
calculate the monthly Improved Pension payment amount, VA divides the 
annual Improved Pension amount by 12 and rounds down to the nearest 
whole dollar.
    (b) Changes in maximum annual pension rate. When there is a change 
in a beneficiary's maximum annual pension rate (because of a cost-of-
living adjustment or some other reason), VA recalculates the annual 
Improved Pension amount using the new maximum annual pension rate and 
the amount of adjusted annual income on the effective date that the 
maximum annual pension rate changes. VA then determines the new monthly 
payment amount as specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) Changes in adjusted annual income. If a beneficiary's adjusted 
annual income increases or decreases, VA recalculates the annual 
Improved Pension amount using the new adjusted annual income amount. VA 
then determines the new monthly payment amount as specified in 
paragraph (a) of this section. See Sec.  5.422.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521, 1541, 1542, and 5123)

Sec.  5.422  Effective dates of changes to annual Improved Pension 
payment amounts due to a change in income.

    (a) Effective dates of changes to payment amounts due to a change 
in income--(1) Increased annual Improved Pension amount. If an income 
change requires an increased annual Improved Pension amount, the 
effective date of the increased amount is the date that the income 
changes, subject to Sec.  5.424. However, VA generally cannot pay an 
increased amount of Improved Pension based on a change in income until 
the first day of the month after such an income change. See Sec.  5.693 
(concerning dates for increased payments and exceptions).
    (2) Reduced annual Improved Pension amount or discontinuance of 
Improved Pension. If an income change requires a reduction of an annual 
Improved Pension amount or the discontinuance of Improved Pension, the 
effective date of the reduced amount or discontinuance is the first day 
of the month after the income change.
    (b) Effective dates for counting income of a dependent.--(1) 
Dependent removed from Improved Pension award. VA will stop counting a 
dependent's income on the same date it removes the dependent from the 
Improved Pension award.
    (2) Added dependent increases Improved Pension award. If a 
beneficiary gains a dependent and this results in an increased annual 
Improved Pension amount, the effective date of the increase will be the 
date of the addition of the dependent if the evidence showing the 
dependency is received no later than 1 year after the addition of the 
dependent. If such evidence is not received within 1 year after the 
addition of the dependent, then the effective date will be the date 
such evidence is received.
    (3) Loss of a dependent increases Improved Pension award. If a 
beneficiary loses a dependent and this results in an increased annual 
Improved

[[Page 71244]]

Pension amount, the effective date of the increase will be the date VA 
receives notice of the loss of the dependent if the evidence showing 
the loss of a dependent is received no later than 1 year after of the 
loss of the dependent. If such evidence is not received within 1 year 
after the loss of the dependent, then the effective date will be the 
date such evidence is received.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110, 5112)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.177(g), Effective dates for reducing or 
discontinuing a benefit payment or for severing service connection, 
(concerning reducing or discontinuing pension payments because of a 
change in disability or employability status).


Sec.  5.423  Improved Pension determinations when expected annual 
income is uncertain.

    (a) Uncertain expected annual income. Expected annual income is the 
annual income a claimant or beneficiary anticipates receiving during a 
given reporting period. If a claimant or beneficiary is uncertain about 
the amount of his or her expected annual income or if there is evidence 
indicating more expected annual income than the amount reported by the 
claimant or beneficiary, VA will take all of the following actions:
    (1) Count the greatest amount of expected annual income the 
claimant or beneficiary estimates or that is indicated by the evidence 
and adjust or pay benefits based on that amount. If that amount is 
greater than the maximum annual pension rate, Improved Pension will not 
be paid;
    (2) Send notice to the claimant or beneficiary concerning the time 
limit provisions of Sec.  5.424; and
    (3) Adjust or pay benefits when complete income information is 
received, according to the provisions of Sec.  5.424.
    (b) Uncertain dependent information. If a dependent's expected 
annual income is greater than the difference between the increased 
maximum annual pension rate based on the addition of the dependent and 
the maximum annual pension rate without the dependent, but the claimed 
dependent's relationship has not yet been established by required 
evidence, VA will take the following actions:
    (1) Determine the maximum annual pension rate without consideration 
of the claimed dependent;
    (2) Count the claimed dependent's income as income of the claimant 
or beneficiary for purposes of determining entitlement to Improved 
Pension and determining the annual Improved Pension amount; and
    (3) Adjust the annual Improved Pension amount using the applicable 
maximum annual pension rate when evidence necessary to establish the 
dependent's relationship has been received. (For the evidence necessary 
to establish dependency, see Subpart D of this part.)

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1503)

Sec.  5.424  Time limits to establish entitlement to Improved Pension 
or to increase the annual Improved Pension amount based on income.

    (a) Scope. If a claimant (including any former beneficiary) or 
beneficiary submits additional evidence within the time limits in this 
section, then VA may award or increase benefits for prior periods as 
set forth in this section.
    (b) Expected or actual income--(1) Pension not paid. When VA does 
not award pension based on actual or expected adjusted annual income 
during the initial reporting period, the claimant may submit evidence 
that supports entitlement for all or part of that period. If the 
claimant submits additional evidence on or before December 31 of the 
calendar year after the calendar year in which the initial reporting 
period ends, VA may award benefits effective from the beginning of the 
initial reporting period, subject to the provisions of Sec.  5.383 or 
Sec.  5.431. If the claimant does not submit evidence of entitlement 
within this time limit, VA may only pay benefits effective from the 
date it receives a new claim.
    (2) Pension paid at a lower amount or discontinued. When VA pays 
pension at a lower amount or discontinues pension benefits for all or 
part of a reporting period based on the claimant's or beneficiary's 
actual or expected adjusted annual income, the claimant (including any 
former beneficiary) or beneficiary may submit evidence that supports 
entitlement or increased entitlement for all or part of that period. If 
the claimant or beneficiary submits additional evidence on or before 
December 31 of the calendar year after the calendar year in which the 
reporting period ends, VA may award, resume, or increase benefits 
effective from the date entitlement arose but not earlier than the 
beginning of the reporting period. If the claimant or beneficiary does 
not submit evidence of entitlement within this time limit, VA may only 
pay or increase benefits effective from the date it receives a new 
claim, except as provided in paragraph (c) or (d) of this section.
    (c) Payment following nonentitlement for one reporting period. This 
paragraph (c) applies if the claimant (including any former 
beneficiary) or beneficiary's adjusted annual income does not permit 
payment for the initial reporting period or requires VA to discontinue 
payment for an entire reporting period. In such cases, VA may award 
Improved Pension effective the date entitlement arose but not earlier 
than the beginning of the next reporting period (the new initial 
reporting period), if the claimant or beneficiary submits evidence 
before that reporting period ends. If the claimant or beneficiary does 
not submit evidence of entitlement within this time limit, VA may only 
pay benefits effective the date it receives a new claim, except as 
provided in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (d) No time limit to submit income evidence to reduce overpayment. 
Solely for purpose of reducing an overpayment, there is no time limit 
to submit income evidence, including, but not limited to, deductible 
expenses. However, the evidence submitted must relate to the initial or 
annual reporting period for which the overpayment was created.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(h))

Sec.  5.425  Frequency of payment of Improved Pension benefits.

    VA issues payments of Improved Pension as provided in this section. 
Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, a beneficiary may 
choose to receive monthly payments if other Federal benefits would be 
denied because pension payments are issued less frequently than 
monthly.
    (a) Monthly if $228 or more. VA will make a payment every month if 
the annual Improved Pension amount is $228 or more.
    (b) Every 3 months if at least $144 but less than $228. VA will 
make a payment every 3 months if the annual Improved Pension amount is 
at least $144 but less than $228. Payment dates will be on or about 
March 1, June 1, September 1, and December 1.
    (c) Every 6 months if at least $72 but less than $144. VA will make 
a payment every 6 months if the annual Improved Pension amount is at 
least $72 but less than $144. Payment dates will be on or about June 1 
and December 1.
    (d) Once a year if less than $72. VA will make a payment once a 
year if the annual Improved Pension amount is less than $72. The 
payment date will be on or about June 1.
    (e) Payments of less than one dollar are not made. VA will not make 
a payment of less than one dollar.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1508)


[[Page 71245]]




Sec. Sec.  5.426-5.429   [Reserved]

Improved Death Pension Marriage Date Requirements and Effective Dates


Sec.  5.430  Marriage date requirements for Improved Death Pension.

    A surviving spouse may qualify for Improved Death Pension if the 
marriage to the veteran occurred before or during his or her service 
or, if the marriage meets one of the following criteria:
    (a) The veteran and surviving spouse were married for 1 year or 
more (multiple marriage periods may be added together to meet the 1-
year requirement).
    (b) A veteran of one of the following wartime periods and the 
surviving spouse were married before one of the following delimiting 
dates:
    (1) World War II: January 1, 1957.
    (2) Korean Conflict: February 1, 1965.
    (3) Vietnam Era: May 8, 1985.
    (4) Persian Gulf War: January 1, 2001.
    (c) A child was born of the marriage or born to them before the 
marriage.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 103(b), 1541(f))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1(j), for the definition of ``child born 
of the marriage'' and ``child born before the marriage''.


Sec.  5.431  Effective dates of Improved Death Pension.

    (a) Nonservice-connected death after separation from service--(1) 
Claim received no later than 1 year after the date of death. If VA 
awards Improved Death Pension based on a claim received no later than 1 
year after the date of the veteran's death, the effective date of the 
award is the first day of the month in which the death occurred.
    (2) Claim received more than 1 year after the date of the veteran's 
death. If VA awards Improved Death Pension based on a claim received 
more than 1 year after the date of the veteran's death, the effective 
date of the award is the date VA received the claim.
    (b) Death in service. The following effective dates apply for 
Improved Death Pension awards based upon a veteran's death in service:
    (1) Claim received no later than 1 year after death. If VA receives 
a claim for Improved Death Pension no later than 1 year after the date 
of death fixed by the veteran's service branch's report or finding of 
actual or presumed death, the effective date is the first day of the 
month that the Secretary concerned establishes as the date of death.
    (2) Claim received later than 1 year after death. If VA receives 
the claim later than 1 year after the date of death provided in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the effective date is the date VA 
receives the claim.
    (3) Death benefits not to be paid concurrently with military 
benefits. VA will not pay benefits to a claimant on a report of actual 
death for periods that the claimant has received, or was entitled to 
receive, any of the following military entitlements of the veteran:
    (i) An allowance;
    (ii) An allotment; or
    (iii) Service pay.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a), (d), (j))

Sec.  5.432  Deemed valid marriages and contested claims for Improved 
Death Pension.

    (a) Definition of contested claim. For purposes of this section, a 
claim is a ``contested claim'' when claims are filed both by a claimant 
seeking recognition as a deemed valid surviving spouse under Sec.  
5.201, and by a surviving spouse eligible for Improved Death Pension.
    (b) VA adjudication of contested claims. VA will take the following 
steps in adjudicating a contested claim:
    (1) Develop the claims of both the surviving spouse and the 
claimant seeking recognition as the surviving spouse; then
    (2) Afford each claimant the applicable time period provided in 
Sec.  5.424(b) to show his or her adjusted annual income is less than 
the maximum annual pension rate; and then
    (3) If the surviving spouse does not establish entitlement to 
Improved Death Pension before the end of the applicable time limit 
under Sec.  5.424(b), VA will recognize the claimant seeking 
recognition as a surviving spouse of a deemed valid marriage and award 
Improved Death Pension if that claimant meets eligibility and 
entitlement requirements. If the surviving spouse later claims Improved 
Death Pension and establishes entitlement, VA will then process the 
claim under Sec.  5.433.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.433  Effective date of discontinuance of Improved Death Pension 
payments to a beneficiary no longer recognized as the veteran's 
surviving spouse.

    (a) Purpose. This section applies when VA is paying Improved Death 
Pension to a surviving spouse (identified in this section as ``former 
surviving spouse'') and another claimant (identified in this section as 
``new surviving spouse'') establishes that he or she is the true 
surviving spouse eligible to receive Improved Death Pension.
    (b) Effective date of discontinuance of payments to former 
surviving spouse--(1) Discontinuance date of the award to the former 
surviving spouse where the award to the new surviving spouse is 
effective before the date VA received the new surviving spouse's claim. 
If benefits are payable to the new surviving spouse from a date before 
the date VA received the new surviving spouse's claim, VA will 
discontinue the award to the former surviving spouse effective the date 
of the award to the new surviving spouse.
    (2) Discontinuance date of the award to the former surviving spouse 
where award to the new surviving spouse is effective the date VA 
received the new surviving spouse's claim. If benefits are payable to 
the new surviving spouse from the date VA received the new surviving 
spouse's claim, VA will discontinue the award to the former surviving 
spouse effective the later of the following dates:
    (i) The date of receipt of the new surviving spouse's claim; or
    (ii) The first day of the month after the month VA last paid 
benefits.
    (3) Exception where discontinuances are due to a change in, or 
change in interpretation of, the law or an administrative issue. When 
VA must discontinue payments to a former surviving spouse because of a 
change in the law or an administrative issue or because of a change in 
the interpretation of the law or an administrative issue, VA will 
discontinue the award to the former surviving spouse effective the 
first day of the month after the end of the 60-day notice period to the 
former surviving spouse concerning the discontinuance.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(a), (b)(6))

Sec.  5.434  Award or discontinuance of award of Improved Death Pension 
to a surviving spouse where Improved Death Pension payments to a child 
are involved.

    (a) Custodian of child establishes eligibility as surviving spouse. 
When VA finds Improved Death Pension eligibility for the custodian of a 
child receiving Improved Death Pension, VA will award Improved Death 
Pension to the surviving spouse and discontinue the child's eligibility 
for Improved Death Pension as follows:
    (1) Annual Improved Pension amount for surviving spouse higher than 
amount for child.--(i) Effective date. If the surviving spouse is 
entitled to a higher Improved Pension payment amount than the child was 
receiving, the surviving spouse's pension award is effective the date 
provided by Sec.  5.431.
    (ii) Initial amount payable. The initial pension amount payable to 
the surviving spouse is the difference between the child's Improved 
Pension payment amount and the surviving spouse's Improved Pension 
payment amount. VA will pay to the surviving spouse the full Improved 
Pension

[[Page 71246]]

payment amount effective the first day of the month after the month VA 
last paid benefits to the child. VA will discontinue the child's 
pension award effective that same day.
    (2) Annual Improved Pension amount for surviving spouse equal to or 
less than amount for child. When the child is receiving an Improved 
Death Pension payment amount equal to or higher than the Improved Death 
Pension payment amount that the surviving spouse is entitled to 
receive, VA will pay Improved Death Pension to the surviving spouse 
effective the first day of the month after the month VA last paid 
benefits to the child, and discontinue the child's pension award 
effective that same day. Section 5.693 does not apply in such a 
situation.
    (3) Discontinuance of child's pension award when the surviving 
spouse is not entitled to payments. When a surviving spouse establishes 
eligibility for Improved Death Pension but is not entitled because his 
or her adjusted annual income is greater than the maximum annual 
pension rate or because his or her net worth bars entitlement, VA will 
discontinue the child's pension award effective the first day of the 
month after the month VA last paid benefits to the child.
    (b) Child establishes eligibility but surviving spouse has received 
Improved Death Pension payments after his or her eligibility ended. If 
a surviving spouse continued to receive Improved Pension payments after 
becoming ineligible for Improved Pension, and that surviving spouse has 
custody of a child who establishes eligibility for Improved Pension 
payments, VA will award Improved Pension to the child and discontinue 
the surviving spouse's eligibility as follows:
    (1) Improved Pension payment amount for the child is lower than the 
payment amount for the former surviving spouse. If the surviving spouse 
receives Improved Pension after his or her eligibility ends, and his or 
her custodial child is entitled to a reduced Improved Pension payment, 
then VA will take the following actions:
    (i) Amend the award to surviving spouse. VA will amend the award to 
the surviving spouse for the period before the award to the child is 
effective by reducing the Improved Pension payment amount to the amount 
that would have been paid to the child, establishing a debt owed by the 
surviving spouse to VA. The surviving spouse's reduced payment is 
effective the date the Improved Pension payment to the spouse should 
have been discontinued.
    (ii) Award Improved Pension to child. VA will award Improved 
Pension at the reduced rate to the child effective the first day of the 
month after the month VA last paid benefits to the surviving spouse, 
discontinuing the surviving spouse's pension award effective that same 
day. Section 5.693 does not apply in such a situation.
    (2) The Improved Pension payment amount for the child is equal to 
or higher than the former surviving spouse's amount. If the surviving 
spouse receives Improved Pension after his or her eligibility ends, and 
his or her custodial child is entitled to an equal or increased pension 
payment then VA will take the following actions:
    (i) Partial payment to the child. VA will pay the child the 
difference between the child's pension payment amount and the surviving 
spouse's pension payment amount. The effective date of the child's 
benefits is the date VA should have discontinued the surviving spouse's 
pension benefits.
    (ii) Full payment to the child. VA will grant Improved Pension at 
the equal or increased rate to the child effective the first day of the 
month after the month VA last paid benefits to the surviving spouse, 
discontinuing the surviving spouse's pension award effective that same 
day.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(a), 5112(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.435  Calculating annual Improved Pension amounts for a 
surviving child.

    (a) Surviving child not in custody or in the custody of an 
institution. If a surviving child has no custodian, or a surviving 
child is in the custody of an institution, VA calculates the surviving 
child's annual Improved Pension amount by subtracting the surviving 
child's adjusted annual income from the surviving child's maximum 
annual pension rate.
    (b) Surviving child in the custody of a person legally responsible 
for the child's support--(1) One surviving child in the custody of a 
person legally responsible for the child's support. If the surviving 
child has a custodian, the surviving child's annual Improved Pension 
amount is the lesser of:
    (i) The maximum annual pension rate for a surviving spouse and one 
dependent surviving child, reduced by the adjusted annual income of the 
surviving child and that of the surviving child's custodian; or
    (ii) The maximum annual pension rate for a surviving child alone, 
reduced by the surviving child's adjusted annual income.
    (2) More than one surviving child in the custody of a person 
legally responsible for the child's support. If multiple surviving 
children have the same custodian and any surviving child has adjusted 
annual income equal to or greater than the maximum annual pension rate 
for one surviving child, that surviving child (and the surviving 
child's income) is not included in the calculation of the annual 
Improved Pension amount. The remaining surviving child's annual 
Improved Pension amount is the lesser of:
    (i) The maximum annual pension rate for a surviving spouse and the 
number of remaining surviving children, reduced by the total adjusted 
annual income of the remaining surviving children and that of the 
custodian; or
    (ii) The maximum annual pension rate for a surviving child alone 
times the number of remaining surviving children, reduced by the total 
adjusted annual income of the remaining surviving children.
    (3) Income of natural or adoptive parent includes that of natural 
or adoptive parent's spouse. If the custodian listed in paragraph 
(b)(1) or (2) of this section is a natural or adoptive parent of a 
surviving child who is in joint custody as provided in Sec.  5.417(b), 
the income of that natural or adoptive parent includes the income of 
that natural or adoptive parent's spouse.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1542)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec. Sec.  5.436-5.459  [Reserved]

Choosing Improved Pension Over Other VA Pension Programs


Sec.  5.460  Definitions of certain VA pension programs.

    (a) Section 306 Pension means the nonservice-connected disability 
and death pension programs available to a new claimant during the 
period beginning on July 1, 1960, and ending on December 31, 1978.
    (b) Old-Law Pension means the nonservice-connected disability and 
death pension programs available to a new claimant before July 1, 1960.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.461-5.462  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.463  Effective dates of Improved Pension elections.

    An election to receive Improved Pension is effective on the date VA 
receives the election.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)


[[Page 71247]]




Sec.  5.464  Multiple pension benefits not payable.

    If a veteran is entitled to Improved Pension on the basis of his or 
her service and is also entitled to pension under any other VA pension 
program based on another person's service, VA will pay only the greater 
benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1521(i))

Sec. Sec.  5.465-5.469  [Reserved]

Continuing Entitlement to Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension


Sec.  5.470  Reasons for discontinuing or reducing Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension.

    (a) Discontinuances. Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension will be 
discontinued for any one of the following reasons:
    (1) A veteran pension beneficiary ceases to be permanently and 
totally disabled;
    (2) A surviving spouse pension beneficiary no longer meets the 
definition of ``surviving spouse'', as provided in Sec.  5.200;
    (3) A child pension beneficiary no longer meets the definition of 
``child'', as provided in Sec.  5.220;
    (4) A pension beneficiary's income exceeds the annual income limit; 
or
    (5) A Section 306 Pension beneficiary has a net worth of such value 
that it is reasonable that some part of it be consumed for the 
beneficiary's maintenance. Rating of net worth will be made under Sec.  
5.476.
    (b) Finality of discontinuance. Discontinuance of Old-Law Pension 
or Section 306 Pension for one of the reasons listed in paragraph (a) 
of this section means that a pension beneficiary is no longer entitled 
to receive Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension benefits. Any new 
entitlement that may be established would be to Improved Pension.
    (c) Reduction and finality of reduction. If a beneficiary of Old-
Law Pension or Section 306 Pension loses a dependent for whom the 
beneficiary was receiving additional pension before January 1, 1979, VA 
must reduce the beneficiary's pension by the additional amount payable 
based on that dependent. Such reductions are final and rates do not 
increase. VA must discontinue pension as provided in paragraph (a)(4) 
of this section if a veteran or surviving spouse no longer has any 
dependents and his or her annual income exceeds the annual income limit 
for a veteran or surviving spouse alone.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)

Sec.  5.471  Annual income limits and rates for Old-Law Pension and 
Section 306 Pension.

    (a) Where to find the annual income limits and pension rates. When 
annual income limits are adjusted as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section, VA will publish the new limits in the ``Notices'' section of 
the Federal Register. Current and historical annual income limits and 
historical pension rates for Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension 
can be found on the internet at http://www.va.gov, and are available 
from any Veterans Service Center or Pension Management Center.
    (b) When annual income limits are adjusted. Whenever there is a 
cost-of-living increase in Social Security benefit amounts under the 
Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Benefits section 
of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 415(i)), VA will increase the 
following incomes by the same percentage effective the same date:
    (1) The annual income limits applicable to continued receipt of 
Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension; and
    (2) The dollar amount of the spousal income not counted under Sec.  
5.473(b)(2)(ii)(A) in determining the income of a veteran for Section 
306 Pension purposes.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)

Sec.  5.472  Rating of income for Old-Law Pension and Section 306 
Pension.

    (a) Scope. This section provides rules for determining how to count 
income for Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension purposes. This 
section also applies to counting spousal income as part of the 
veteran's income for Section 306 Pension purposes.
    (b) Countable income--(1) All payments counted as income. VA counts 
all payments of any kind from any source in determining the income of a 
pension beneficiary, except certain payments that are not counted as 
income as provided in this section or under Sec.  5.473.
    (2) Payments. For purposes of this section, ``payments'' are cash 
and cash equivalents (such as checks and other negotiable instruments), 
and the fair market value of personal services, goods, or room and 
board received in lieu of other forms of payment.
    (i) Section 306 Pension. For Section 306 Pension purposes, VA 
counts as income retirement benefits (pension or retirement payments).
    (ii) Old-Law Pension. For Old-Law Pension purposes, retirement 
benefits from the following sources are not counted as income if the 
benefits have been waived pursuant to Federal statute:
    (A) Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund;
    (B) Railroad Retirement Board;
    (C) District of Columbia for firemen, policemen, or public school 
teachers; and
    (D) Former U.S. Lighthouse Service.
    (3) Countable income is rounded down. VA rounds countable income 
down to the nearest whole dollar. For Section 306 Pension, VA rounds 
down after subtracting any authorized deductible expenses specified in 
Sec.  5.474.
    (4) Income considered for year of receipt. VA calculates income for 
the calendar year in which it is received and considers income for the 
calendar year. However, when VA discontinues Old-Law Pension or Section 
306 Pension benefits based on income that exceeds the limit, it does so 
effective January 1 of the following calendar year as provided in Sec.  
5.477.
    (c) Deductions from specific income sources--(1) Expenses of a 
business or profession. Necessary business operating expenses such as 
the cost of goods sold and payments for rent, taxes, upkeep, repairs, 
and replacements are deductible from income from a business or 
profession. Depreciation is not a deductible expense. Losses sustained 
in operating a business or profession may not be deducted from income 
that is derived from any other source. For purposes of this section, 
``business'' includes the operation of a farm and transactions 
involving investment property.
    (2) Expenses associated with disability, accident, or health 
insurance recoveries. VA will deduct from sums recovered under 
disability, accident, or health insurance medical, legal, or other 
expenses incident to the insured injury or illness. However, VA will 
not then deduct the same medical expenses as unusual medical expenses 
under Sec.  5.474.
    (3) Salary deductions and employer contributions. Income from a 
salary is not determined by ``take-home'' pay. Generally, the salary 
counted as income is the gross salary before any deductions. However, 
an employer's contributions to health and hospitalization plans will 
not be counted as part of gross salary.
    (d) Income-producing property and income from property sales--(1) 
Scope. This paragraph (d) provides rules for determining whether income 
from income-producing property and property sales will be counted as a 
pension beneficiary's income. The provisions of this paragraph (d) 
apply to all property, real or personal, in which a pension beneficiary 
has an interest,

[[Page 71248]]

whether acquired through purchase, bequest, or inheritance.
    (2) Proof of ownership. In determining whether to count income from 
real or personal property or property sales, VA will consider the terms 
of the recorded deed or other evidence of title. In the absence of 
evidence showing otherwise, VA will accept the beneficiary's statement 
as proof of the terms of ownership.
    (3) Transfer of ownership with retention of income. If a pension 
beneficiary transfers ownership of property to another person or legal 
entity, but retains the right to income, the income will be counted.
    (4) Income from jointly-owned property. If a pension beneficiary 
owns property jointly with others, including, but not limited to, 
partnership property, each person will be considered as receiving an 
equal share of the income from that property in the absence of evidence 
showing otherwise.
    (5) Property sales for Old-Law Pension. (i) General rule. Net 
profit from the sale of real or personal property counts as income 
unless the profit is from the sale of the beneficiary's principal 
residence.
    (ii) Property owned before date of entitlement. In determining net 
profit from the sale of property owned before the date of entitlement, 
VA will compare the value of the property at the time entitlement began 
with the selling price.
    (iii) Payments received in installments. If payments are received 
in installments, the entire amount of installment payments received 
(including, but not limited to, principal and interest) will not be 
counted as income until the total of installments received is equal to 
the cost of the residence, or if paragraph (d)(5)(ii) of this section 
applies, equal to the value of the property on the date pension 
entitlement was established. The entire amount of any installment 
received thereafter will be counted as income.
    (6) Profit from sale of principal residence for Old-Law Pension.--
(i) General rule. Net profit realized from the sale of an Old-Law 
Pension beneficiary's principal residence is not counted to the extent 
that it is applied to the purchase price of a subsequent principal 
residence for the beneficiary in either the calendar year of the sale 
or the following year.
    (ii) Exception. This rule does not apply where the net profit is 
applied to the price of a residence purchased before the calendar year 
preceding the calendar year of the sale of the old residence.
    (iii) Reporting requirement. To qualify for this rule, the 
application of the net profit from the sale of the old residence to the 
purchase of the replacement residence must be reported to VA no later 
than 1 year after the date it was so applied.
    (7) Profit from sale of non-business property for Section 306 
Pension. Profit realized from the disposition of real or personal 
property other than in the course of a business does not count as 
income for Section 306 Pension. However, amounts received in excess of 
the sales price, such as interest payments, do count. If payments are 
received in installments, the installments received will not begin to 
count as income until the total of installments received is equal to 
the sales price. The following exceptions apply:
    (i) Bonds. If the redemption of a bond issued by a federal, state, 
municipal or other political entity is required for the payment of 
accrued interest, then the accrued interest payable is excluded from 
income.
    (ii) Life insurance. If the surrender of a life insurance policy is 
required to obtain the proceeds, then the interest received is excluded 
from income.
    (e) VA benefits--(1) Old-Law Pension. No VA benefits are not 
counted as income for Old-Law Pension.
    (2) Section 306 Pension. Only the following VA benefits count as 
income for Section 306 Pension:
    (i) Subsistence allowance under 38 U.S.C. 3100 through 3121;
    (ii) Special allowance under 38 U.S.C. 1312(a);
    (iii) Accrued benefits, unless paid as a reimbursement; and
    (iv) World War I adjusted disability compensation.
    (f) Income not counted for Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension. 
VA will not count payments from the sources listed in this paragraph 
(f) when calculating income for Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension. 
Paragraph (g) of this section lists additional sources of income that 
are not counted for Section 306 Pension.
    (1) Maintenance. The value of maintenance furnished by a relative, 
friend, or a civic or governmental charitable organization, in addition 
to money paid to an institution for the care of the beneficiary due to 
impaired health or advanced age. However, if the maintenance is paid to 
the beneficiary and not counted as income under this provision, VA 
cannot also deduct it as an unusual medical expense under Sec.  5.474.
    (2) Survivor benefit annuity. Annuities paid by the Department of 
Defense under the authority of Public Law 100-456, Sec. 653, 102 Stat. 
1991, to qualified surviving spouses of veterans who died before 
November 1, 1953.
    (3) Death gratuity. Death gratuity payments under 10 U.S.C. 1475 
through 1480.
    (4) State service bonuses. Payments of a bonus or similar cash 
gratuity by any State based upon service in the Armed Forces.
    (5) Payment for civic obligations. Payments received for 
performance of jury duty or other obligatory civic duties.
    (6) Fire loss reimbursement. Proceeds from fire insurance.
    (7) Certain life insurance payments. Payments under policies of 
Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance, U.S. Government Life Insurance, 
Veterans' Group Life Insurance, or National Service Life Insurance.
    (8) Rental value of beneficiary's property. The rental value of a 
beneficiary's use of his or her real property, such as the rental value 
of the beneficiary's personal residence.
    (9) Increased inventory value of a business. The value of an 
increase of stock inventory of a business.
    (10) Commercial insurance dividends. Dividends from commercial 
insurance.
    (11) Employer contributions for a retired employee. Contributions a 
public or private employer makes to either of the following programs:
    (i) Public or private health or hospitalization plan for a retired 
employee; or
    (ii) Retired employee as reimbursement for premiums for 
supplementary medical insurance benefits under the Social Security 
program.
    (12) Income from retirement plans and similar plans and programs. 
10 percent of the amount of payments under public or private 
retirement, annuity, endowment, or similar plans is not counted as 
income. This rule includes, but is not limited to, payments received 
from any of the following sources:
    (i) Annuities or endowments paid under a Federal, State, municipal, 
or private business or industrial plan.
    (ii) Old age and survivor's insurance and disability insurance 
under title II of the Social Security Act.
    (iii) Retirement benefits received from the Railroad Retirement 
Board. However, if the beneficiary is a veteran receiving Old-Law 
Pension, payments from this source do not count at all.
    (iv) Payments for permanent and total disability or death received 
from the Office of Workers' Compensation

[[Page 71249]]

Programs of the U.S. Department of Labor, the Social Security 
Administration, or the Railroad Retirement Board, or pursuant to any 
worker's compensation or employer's liability statute, including, but 
not limited to, damages collected incident to a tort suit under an 
employer's liability law of the U.S. or a political subdivision of the 
U.S. This 10 percent income reduction is applied after any adjustments 
are made under paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (v) The proceeds of commercial annuity, endowment, or life 
insurance.
    (vi) The proceeds of disability, accident, or health insurance. 
This 10 percent income reduction applies after the income from the 
specified payments is reduced by the deductions described in paragraph 
(c)(2) of this section.
    (13) Other payments. Other payments listed in Sec.  5.706.
    (g) Income not counted for Section 306 Pension. In addition to the 
payments listed in paragraph (f) of this section, VA will not count 
payments from the following sources as income for Section 306 Pension:
    (1) Donations received. Donations from public or private relief or 
welfare organizations, in addition to benefits received under 
noncontributory programs such as Supplemental Security Income payments.
    (2) Social Security death payments. Lump sum death payments under 
title II of the Social Security Act.
    (3) Money acquired from joint accounts because of death. Money that 
a death pension beneficiary acquires because of the death of a co-owner 
of a joint account in a bank or similar financial institution.
    (h) Donations are income for Old-Law Pension. If an Old-Law Pension 
beneficiary receives additional donations from public or private relief 
organizations for members of his or her family, these additional 
allowances may not be divided per member of the family in determining 
the pension beneficiary's income. The entire payment is counted as 
income.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``political 
subdivision of the U.S.'' and ``State''.


Sec.  5.473  Counting a dependent's income for Old-Law Pension and 
Section 306 Pension.

    (a) Old-Law Pension for veterans. VA will not count the separate 
income of a veteran's spouse or child in computing income for a veteran 
Old-Law Pension beneficiary.
    (b) Section 306 Pension for a veteran--(1) Child's income. VA will 
not count the separate income of a veteran's child in computing income 
for a veteran Section 306 Pension beneficiary.
    (2) Spousal income--(i) VA presumptions concerning spousal income. 
For Section 306 Pension purposes, if a veteran and his or her spouse 
live together, VA presumes:
    (A) That the spouse's income is available to the veteran. The 
veteran may rebut this presumption by filing evidence showing that all 
or part of the spouse's income is not available.
    (B) That counting the spouse's income would not cause the veteran 
hardship. The veteran may rebut this presumption by filing evidence 
showing that there are expenses beyond the usual family requirements. 
Examples of such expenses include special training for a handicapped 
child and expenses for the prolonged illness of a family member. 
However, if the spouse's income is not counted because it is needed to 
pay for unusual medical expenses, the same medical expenses cannot be 
deducted as unusual medical expenses under Sec.  5.474(b).
    (ii) Spousal income that is not counted. Unless the spouse's income 
is not counted under paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section, the 
spouse's income will be counted as part of the veteran's income for 
Section 306 Pension purposes. However, VA will not count as income to 
the veteran the greater of the following two amounts:
    (A) The amount of spousal income not counted under Public Law 95-
588, section 306(a)(2)(B) (as increased by amounts published in the 
``Notices'' section of the Federal Register); or
    (B) All of the spouse's earned income.
    (c) Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension for a veteran--(1) 
Veteran's child not in surviving spouse's custody. For Old-Law Pension 
or Section 306 Pension purposes, if a deceased veteran is survived by a 
spouse and a child, the annual income limits for a surviving spouse and 
child apply even if the child is not the surviving spouse's child and 
not in the surviving spouse's custody.
    (2) When a child's separate income is not counted. (i) VA will not 
count a child's separate income as part of the surviving spouse's 
income if it is paid to the child, regardless of who has custody of the 
child.
    (ii) If the child's income is paid or given to the surviving 
spouse, VA will only count as much of the child's income as remains 
after deducting the child's living expenses.
    (d) Child benefits--(1) Old-Law Pension. Earned income of a child 
beneficiary counts as income for Old-Law Pension.
    (2) Section 306 Pension. Earned income of a child beneficiary is 
not counted as income for Section 306 Pension.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.474  Deductible expenses for Section 306 Pension only.

    (a) Scope. This section applies to Section 306 Pension only. 
Because Section 306 Pension rates cannot increase, deductible expenses 
paid after December 31, 1978, can only be deducted from a pension 
beneficiary's income so that the beneficiary's income remains within 
the annual income limit and the beneficiary maintains entitlement to 
Section 306 Pension.
    (b) Unusual medical expenses--(1) Definitions--(i) Family member. 
For Section 306 Pension purposes, a ``family member'' is a relative of 
the beneficiary who is a member of the beneficiary's household whom the 
beneficiary has a moral or legal obligation to support. This includes a 
relative who is physically absent from the household for a temporary 
purpose or for reasons beyond his or her control.
    (ii) Unusual medical expenses. For purposes of this section, 
unusual medical expenses means unreimbursed medical expenses above 5 
percent of annual income. For the definition of medical expenses that 
VA will deduct, see Sec.  5.707.
    (2) Veteran or surviving spouse benefits. VA will deduct amounts 
paid by a veteran or surviving spouse for the veteran's or surviving 
spouse's unusual medical expenses and those of family members.
    (3) Child benefits. VA will deduct amounts paid by a child pension 
beneficiary for his or her unusual medical expenses and those of the 
child's parents, brothers, and sisters.
    (4) When expenses are deducted. VA will deduct unusual medical 
expenses from income for the calendar year in which they were paid 
regardless of when the expenses were incurred.
    (5) Proof of expenses. VA will accept the pension beneficiary's 
statement as proof of the amount and nature of such medical expenses, 
the date of payment, and the identity of the creditor, unless the 
circumstances create doubt as to the statement's credibility.
    (6) Estimates of expenses for future benefit periods. VA will 
project anticipated medical expenses based on a clear and reasonable 
expectation that they will continue. See Sec.  5.709 (concerning the 
beneficiary's

[[Page 71250]]

responsibility to inform VA concerning income changes).
    (c) Final expenses--(1) Definition. ``Final expenses'' are amounts 
paid for the expenses of a deceased person's last illness and burial. 
The same expense cannot be deducted as both a final expense and an 
unusual medical expense under paragraph (b) of this section.
    (2) Final expenses paid by the veteran. VA will deduct from a 
veteran's income the final expenses the veteran pays for his or her 
spouse or child.
    (3) Final expenses paid by a surviving spouse. VA will deduct from 
a surviving spouse's income the final expenses the surviving spouse 
pays for the veteran's child.
    (4) Proof of expenses. VA will accept as proof of expenses 
deductible under paragraph (c) of this section the pension 
beneficiary's statement as to the amount and nature of each expense, 
the date of payment, and identity of the creditor unless the 
circumstances create doubt as to the credibility of the statement.
    (5) When expenses are deducted. Expenses deductible under paragraph 
(c) of this section are deductible for the year in which they were 
paid. However, if such expenses were paid during the year following the 
year the spouse, surviving spouse, or child died, the expenses may be 
deducted for the year the expenses were paid or the year of death, 
whichever is to the beneficiary's advantage.
    (d) Prepayment on real property mortgage after death of spouse--(1) 
Section 306 Pension: veteran beneficiaries only. If a veteran who is 
receiving Section 306 Pension makes a pre-payment on a mortgage or 
similar type security instrument on real property after the death of 
his or her spouse, VA will deduct the amount of the pre-payment from 
the veteran's income. The real property must have been the principal 
residence of the veteran and spouse, and the mortgage or security 
instrument must have existed when the veteran's spouse died.
    (2) Time limit of pre-payment. The pre-payment described in 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section must be made after the spouse's death 
but before the end of the year following the year of death. VA will 
deduct the amount of the pre-payment from the veteran's income for the 
year of death or the year after death, whichever is to the veteran's 
advantage.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)

Sec.  5.475  Gaining or losing a dependent for Old-Law Pension and 
Section 306 Pension.

    (a) Pension beneficiary gains a dependent--(1) Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension. If an Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension 
beneficiary gains a dependent, VA will determine if a higher annual 
income limit applies. A higher limit applies if the beneficiary 
previously did not have a dependent.
    (2) Veteran receiving Section 306 Pension gains a spouse who has 
income. If a veteran beneficiary of Section 306 Pension gains a spouse 
who has countable income, VA will recalculate the veteran's income for 
the year in which the person became the veteran's spouse. VA will then 
determine if the veteran is entitled to continued pension benefits or 
whether the recalculated income exceeds the annual income limit. VA 
makes the determination based on calendar year income. However, VA will 
not count income that the spouse received or deduct any of the spouse's 
expenses paid before the date the person became the veteran's spouse 
for VA purposes.
    (b) Pension beneficiary loses dependent--(1) Loss of last 
dependent. When an Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension beneficiary 
loses his or her last dependent, his or her annual income limit is 
lowered. When this occurs, VA must determine if the beneficiary is 
still entitled to such pension based on the lowered income limit and 
recalculated income for the calendar year that the dependent was lost.
    (2) Computation of new rate if a dependent established before 
January 1, 1979. If a beneficiary of Old-Law Pension or Section 306 
Pension loses a dependent based upon whom the beneficiary was receiving 
additional pension before January 1, 1979, VA must reduce the 
beneficiary's pension by the additional amount payable based on that 
dependent. Because Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension rates are 
based on income from the year 1978 and number of dependents, VA 
calculates the new rate by removing the dependent and the dependent's 
1978 income, if any, and using the remaining 1978 income to determine 
the new rate.
    (i) If the recalculated rate is higher than the previous rate, VA 
will continue the previous rate.
    (ii) If the rate payable to a surviving spouse with one child is 
less than the rate payable for a child alone, the surviving spouse will 
be paid the child's rate unless paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (c) Section 306 Pension and dependency of spouse. For Section 306 
Pension purposes, the December 31, 1978, rates for a veteran with a 
spouse and the annual income limit for a veteran with a spouse apply as 
long as the veteran and spouse live together or if not living together, 
are not estranged. If they are estranged, the married rates and the 
annual income limit for a veteran with a spouse apply if the veteran is 
reasonably contributing to the spouse's support. VA counts spousal 
income only if the annual income limit for a veteran with a spouse 
applies. VA bases its determination of ``reasonable'' contribution on 
all of the circumstances of the case, including, but not limited to, a 
consideration of the veteran's income and net worth and the spouse's 
separate income and net worth. VA automatically considers the 
requirement of ``reasonable'' contribution met without further review 
if the spouse is receiving an apportionment under Sec.  5.780.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)

Sec.  5.476  Net worth for Section 306 Pension only.

    (a) Definition. For purposes of determining continuing entitlement 
to Section 306 Pension, net worth means the market value, minus 
mortgages or other encumbrances, of all real and personal property the 
beneficiary owns. VA excludes the beneficiary's residence (single-
family unit), which also includes a reasonably sized lot, and personal 
effects suitable to and consistent with the beneficiary's reasonable 
mode of life. VA will evaluate a ``reasonably sized lot'' by 
considering the typical size of lots in the area. If the person lives 
on a farm, VA will not count the value of a reasonably sized lot, 
including the residence area, and consider the rest of the farm as part 
of net worth.
    (b) General rule. VA only considers the net worth of the veteran, 
surviving spouse, or child beneficiary. In determining whether property 
belongs to a pension beneficiary, VA will consider the terms of the 
recorded deed or other evidence of title. In the absence of 
contradictory evidence, VA will accept the beneficiary's statement as 
proof of the terms of ownership. In the absence of contradictory 
evidence, VA will accept the beneficiary's estimate of the value of 
property.
    (c) How VA evaluates net worth. In determining whether some part of 
a beneficiary's net worth should be used for his or her maintenance, VA 
considers the beneficiary's income as determined under Sec.  5.472, 
along with all of the beneficiary's living expenses. In considering the 
beneficiary's living expenses, VA cannot consider expenses that were 
deducted in determining income. However, VA will also consider

[[Page 71251]]

the following factors in evaluating net worth:
    (1) The value of liquid assets;
    (2) The ability of the beneficiary to dispose of property if 
limited by community property laws;
    (3) The number of family members (as described in Sec.  
5.474(b)(1)(i)) who depend on the beneficiary for support; and
    (4) The beneficiary's average life expectancy, and the potential 
rate of depletion of the beneficiary's net worth.
    (d) Amounts not countable as net worth as a matter of law. 
Resources not countable by statute will not be considered part of the 
beneficiary's net worth. For the list of such resources, see Sec.  
5.706.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)

Sec.  5.477  Effective dates of reductions and discontinuances of Old-
Law Pension and Section 306 Pension.

    (a) Reductions and discontinuances based on certain events. If 
required, VA will pay a reduced Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension 
rate or discontinue benefits effective January 1 of the calendar year 
immediately following any of these events:
    (1) Marriage, annulment, divorce, or death. A beneficiary loses a 
dependent due to marriage, annulment, divorce, or death.
    (2) Increased income. The beneficiary receives increased income 
that could not reasonably have been anticipated based on the amount 
actually received from that source the previous year.
    (3) Increased net worth. The beneficiary's net worth increases to 
the extent benefits must be discontinued (Section 306 Pension only).
    (b) General effective dates apply for other reasons. VA will use 
the appropriate effective dates as specified in Sec.  5.705 for a 
discontinuance or reduction for any reason other than those stated in 
paragraph (a) of this section or in Sec.  5.478(a).

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2508)

Sec.  5.478  Time limit to establish continuing entitlement to Old-Law 
Pension or Section 306 Pension.

    (a) Expected income appears to exceed income limit. If it appears 
that an Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension beneficiary's income for 
a calendar year will be higher than the annual income limit for that 
calendar year, VA will discontinue pension benefits for that calendar 
year effective January 1 of the following year, subject to paragraph 
(b) of this section.
    (b) Time limit for continuing entitlement. If VA discontinues 
pension benefits as described in paragraph (a) of this section because 
of the beneficiary's expected income for a calendar year, the 
beneficiary can establish continuing entitlement by filing evidence 
showing that income for the calendar year was below the annual income 
limit. The beneficiary must file the evidence before the end of the 
calendar year that follows the year for which VA determined the income 
exceeded the limit. For example, if VA determines that a beneficiary's 
income for the year 2005 exceeds the income limit and discontinues 
pension benefits effective January 1, 2006, the beneficiary has to 
submit evidence, such as deductible medical expenses or other 
information, before January 1, 2007, showing that 2005 income was 
within the 2005 income limit.
    (c) Finality of discontinuance. If a beneficiary does not file 
income evidence as described in paragraph (b) of this section or if 
such evidence does not warrant continued benefits, the discontinuance 
described in paragraph (a) of this section is final. This means that 
the beneficiary is no longer entitled to receive Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension benefits. Any new entitlement that may be 
established would be to Improved Pension.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(h))

Sec. Sec.  5.479-5.499  [Reserved]

Subpart G--Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Accrued Benefits, 
and Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a Beneficiary

General Provisions


Sec.  5.500  Proof of death.

    (a) Purpose and application. (1) This section describes evidence VA 
will accept to prove that a person has died in cases where the death of 
the person is relevant to eligibility for a benefit. It covers the most 
common situations. Sections 5.501 and 5.502 apply where the evidence 
described in this section is not available.
    (2) Where more than one paragraph of this section applies, VA will 
accept the evidence described in any relevant paragraph as proof of 
death. For example, if the person died in a U.S. Government hospital 
located within a State, VA would accept the evidence establishing death 
specified in either paragraph (b) or (d) of this section.
    (b) Deaths occurring within a State. VA will require as proof of 
death occurring within a State the first type of evidence listed in 
this paragraph (b), if obtainable. If this type of evidence is 
unobtainable, then the death may still be proven by the next type of 
obtainable evidence listed.
    (1) A copy of the public record of the State or community where 
death occurred.
    (2) A copy of a coroner's report of death, or of a verdict of a 
coroner's jury, from the State or community where death occurred, 
provided the report or verdict properly identifies the deceased.
    (c) Deaths occurring outside the U.S. VA will require as proof of 
death occurring outside the U.S. the first type of evidence listed in 
this paragraph (c), if obtainable. If this type of evidence is 
unobtainable, then the death may still be proven by the next type of 
obtainable evidence listed.
    (1) A U.S. consular report of death bearing the signature and seal 
of the U.S. consul.
    (2) A copy of the public record of death authenticated by the U.S. 
consul or other agency of the State Department or which is exempt from 
such authentication as provided in Sec.  5.132(c)(5) (concerning 
certain copies of public or church records).
    (3) An official report of death of a civilian employee of the U.S. 
Government from the employing U.S. Government entity.
    (d) Deaths at institutions under the control of the U.S. 
Government. VA will only accept as proof of death occurring in a 
hospital or other institution under the control of the U.S. Government 
the first type of evidence listed in this paragraph (d). If this type 
of evidence is unobtainable, then the death may still be proven by the 
next type of obtainable evidence listed.
    (1) A death certificate signed by a medical officer.
    (2) A clinical summary, or other report, signed by a medical 
officer showing the fact and date of death.
    (e) Deaths of members of the uniformed services. The death of a 
member of the uniformed services may be established by an official 
report of the death from the uniformed service concerned.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a)(1))

Sec.  5.501  Proving death by other means.

    (a) Applicability. This section and Sec.  5.502 describe methods of 
proving that a person has died if the death of that person is relevant 
to eligibility for a benefit and the evidence described in Sec.  5.500.
    (b) Required statement. A claimant seeking to establish the fact of 
death under this section must file a statement explaining why none of 
the evidence described in Sec.  5.500 is available.
    (c) Affidavits or certified statements of witnesses who viewed the 
body. The fact

[[Page 71252]]

of death may be established by the affidavit or certified statement of 
one or more persons who have personal knowledge of the fact of death, 
have viewed the body of the deceased, and know it to be the body of the 
person whose death is being alleged. These affidavits or statements 
should describe all the facts and circumstances known concerning the 
death, including the place, date, time, and cause of death.
    (d) Other methods of establishing death. If the claimant cannot 
furnish the affidavits or certified statements described in paragraph 
(c) of this section, the fact of death may be established by one of the 
following:
    (1) U.S. Government agency finding. In the absence of evidence to 
the contrary, VA will accept a finding of the fact of death by another 
U.S. Government agency.
    (2) Body not recovered or not identifiable. If circumstances 
preclude recovery or identification of the body of the deceased, the 
fact of death may be established by the claimant's affidavit or 
certified statement setting forth the circumstances under which the 
missing person was last seen, the known facts which led the claimant to 
believe that death has occurred, and one of the following, as 
applicable:
    (i) The affidavits or certified statements of persons who witnessed 
the event in which the missing person is alleged to have perished, 
describing the event and, if applicable, why they believe the missing 
person perished in the event, or
    (ii) If the testimony of eyewitnesses is not obtainable, the 
affidavits or certified statements of persons who have the most 
reliable information available concerning why the missing person is 
believed to have been at the event in which the missing person is 
alleged to have perished, why the missing person was in imminent peril 
at the time the event occurred, and the basis on which they concluded 
that death was caused by the event.
    (3) Finding of fact of death by authorized VA official. An 
authorized VA official may make a finding of the fact of death where 
death is shown by competent evidence. See Sec.  5.5 (concerning 
delegation of authority to make findings and decisions concerning 
entitlement to benefits).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a)(1))

Sec.  5.502  Proving death after 7 years of continuous, unexplained 
absence.

    (a) Evidence required. A claimant seeking to establish the death of 
a person who has been absent for 7 years, where death is not 
established with documentary evidence described in Sec.  5.500 or Sec.  
5.501, must produce competent, credible evidence to show that:
    (1) The person has been continuously absent from home and family 
for at least 7 years without explanation; and
    (2) A diligent search disclosed no evidence of the person's 
continued existence after the absence.
    (b) Finding of death conclusive. A finding of death under this 
section will be conclusive and final for purposes of laws administered 
by VA except where suit is filed for insurance under 38 U.S.C. 1984, 
Suits on insurance.
    (c) Impact of findings of death made by other entities. (1) State 
laws that provide for presumption of death are not applicable to claims 
for benefits and may not be used to establish death under this section.
    (2) A finding of death by another Federal agency meeting the 
criteria described in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section is 
acceptable for VA purposes if there is no credible evidence to the 
contrary.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 108, 501(a)(1))

Sec.  5.503  Establishing the date of death.

    (a) Applicability. This section applies when the fact of death is 
established under Sec. Sec.  5.500 through 5.502, but the exact date of 
death is uncertain.
    (b) Date of death in cases involving a continuous, unexplained 
absence of seven years or more. When the fact of death is established 
under Sec.  5.502, the date of death for purposes of the laws 
administered by VA is 7 years after the date the person was last known 
to be alive.
    (c) Date of death in other cases. If the fact of death is 
established by the evidence described in Sec.  5.500 or Sec.  5.501, VA 
will determine the date of death for purposes of the laws administered 
by VA by considering all of the known facts and circumstances 
surrounding the death, including, but not limited to, the condition of 
the body when found and any estimate of the date of death provided by a 
coroner or other official within the scope of that official's duties. 
If no identifiable body is found, the date of death will be presumed to 
be the date the deceased was last known to be alive in the absence of 
evidence to the contrary.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 108, 501(a))

Sec.  5.504  Service-connected cause of death.

    (a) Purpose. Eligibility for several benefits for a veteran's 
survivors requires that the veteran's death be service connected. This 
section provides the rules VA uses to determine whether a veteran's 
death is service connected.
    (b) Definition of service-connected disability.--(1) General. For 
purposes of this section, service-connected disability means:
    (i) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a 
disability that was service connected at the time of the veteran's 
death, or
    (ii) A disability that is service connectable under the provisions 
of subpart E of this part, Claims for service connection and disability 
compensation. For purposes of this section, VA will presume that a 
death that occurred in line of duty was preceded by disability.
    (2) Exception. For purposes of this section, ``service-connected 
disability'' does not include a disability that was service connected 
at the time of the veteran's death if the law in effect at the time of 
a survivor's claim precludes VA from establishing service connection 
for the cause of the veteran's death. See Sec. Sec.  5.365 and 5.662(a) 
and (c)(2).
    (c) Determining whether a veteran's death is service connected. A 
veteran's death is service connected if death resulted from a service-
connected disability. Death resulted from a service-connected 
disability if the service-connected disability produced death or 
hastened death, as provided in the following paragraphs:
    (1) Service-connected disability produces death. A service-
connected disability is the cause of death if a single service-
connected disability, or the combined effect of multiple service-
connected disabilities, is such that death would not have occurred in 
the absence of the disability, or disabilities. If two or more 
disabilities were present at the time of death, only one of which was 
service connected or service connectable, and each disability by itself 
was sufficient to bring about death, VA will grant service connection 
for the cause of the veteran's death.
    (2) Contributory cause of death. (i) Contributory cause of death is 
inherently one not related to the principal cause. In determining 
whether the service-connected disability contributed to death, it must 
be shown that it contributed substantially or materially; that it 
combined to cause death; that it aided or lent assistance to produce 
death. It is not sufficient to show that it casually shared in 
producing death, but rather it must be shown that there was a causal 
connection.
    (ii) Generally, minor service-connected disabilities, particularly 
those of a static nature or not materially affecting a vital organ, 
would not be held to have contributed to death primarily due to 
unrelated disability. In

[[Page 71253]]

the same category there would be included service-connected disease or 
injuries of any evaluation (even though evaluated as 100 percent 
disabling) but of a quiescent or static nature involving muscular or 
skeletal functions and not materially affecting other vital body 
functions.
    (iii) Service-connected diseases or injuries involving active 
processes affecting vital organs should receive careful consideration 
as a contributory cause of death, the primary cause being unrelated, 
from the viewpoint of whether there were resulting debilitating effects 
and general impairment of health to an extent that would render the 
person materially less capable of resisting the effects of other 
disease or injury primarily causing death. Where the service-connected 
condition affects vital organs as distinguished from muscular or 
skeletal functions and is evaluated as 100 percent disabling, 
debilitation may be assumed.
    (iv) There are primary causes of death which by their very nature 
are so overwhelming that eventual death can be anticipated irrespective 
of coexisting conditions, but, even in such cases, there is for 
consideration whether there may be a reasonable basis for holding that 
a service-connected condition was of such severity as to have a 
material influence in accelerating death. In this situation, however, 
it would not generally be reasonable to hold that a service-connected 
condition accelerated death unless such condition affected a vital 
organ and was of itself of a progressive or debilitating nature.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(16), 501(a), 1121, 1141, 1310)

Sec. Sec.  5.505-5.509  [Reserved]

Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--General


Sec.  5.510  Dependency and indemnity compensation--basic entitlement.

    (a) Definition. Dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) is a 
monthly VA payment to a veteran's survivor (surviving spouse, child, or 
parent) based on the veteran's death.
    (b) Bases for entitlement. There are three ways in which a survivor 
may become entitled to DIC:
    (1) Service-connected death--38 U.S.C. 1310. (i) VA will grant DIC 
to the survivor of a veteran when it determines that the cause of the 
veteran's death, whether occurring during or after service, is service 
connected. See 38 U.S.C. 1310, Deaths entitling survivors to dependency 
and indemnity compensation, and Sec.  5.504.
    (ii) DIC is not payable unless the service-connected death occurred 
after December 31, 1956, except in the case of certain persons 
receiving or eligible to receive death compensation who elect to 
receive DIC in lieu of death compensation. See Sec. Sec.  5.742 and 
5.759.
    (2) Veterans with a service-connected disability rated as totally 
disabling at the time of death--38 U.S.C. 1318. VA will grant DIC to 
the survivor of a veteran rated totally disabled due to service-
connected disability for a specified period of time at the time of 
death, in the same manner as if the veteran's death was service 
connected. See 38 U.S.C. 1318, Benefits for survivors of certain 
veterans rated totally disabled at time of death, and Sec. Sec.  5.521 
and 5.522.
    (3) Veterans whose death was due to certain VA-furnished medical, 
training, compensated work therapy, or rehabilitation services--38 
U.S.C. 1151. VA will grant DIC to the survivor of a veteran whose death 
was caused by VA-furnished hospital care, medical or surgical 
treatment, medical examination, training and rehabilitation services, 
or participation in a compensated work therapy program, in the same 
manner as if the veteran's death were service connected. See Sec.  
5.350.
    (c) Certain Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance beneficiaries 
ineligible. VA cannot pay DIC to any surviving spouse, child or parent 
based on the death of a commissioned officer of the Public Health 
Service, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Environmental Science 
Services Administration, or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration occurring after April 30, 1957, if any amounts are 
payable based on the same death under the Federal Employees' Group Life 
Insurance Act of 1954 (Pub. L. 83-598, 86 Stat. 736, as amended).
    (d) Special rules for parents' DIC. The basis of entitlement 
described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section does not apply to 
parent's DIC, and payment of parent's DIC is subject to income 
limitations. See Sec. Sec.  5.530 through 5.537 for special eligibility 
and payment rules for parent's DIC.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(14), 1151, 1304, 1310, 1315, 1318; Sec. 
501(c)(2), Pub. L. 84-881, 70 Stat. 880, as amended by Sec. 13(u), 
Pub. L. 85-857, 72 Stat. 1266; Sec. 5, Pub. L. 91-621, 84 Stat. 
1864)

Sec.  5.511  Special monthly dependency and indemnity compensation.

    (a) Entitlement based on need for regular aid and attendance. A 
surviving spouse or parent in receipt of dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) is entitled to special monthly DIC benefits if he or 
she needs regular aid and attendance. VA will make determinations of 
the need for aid and attendance under the criteria in Sec.  5.320.
    (b) Automatic entitlement. VA will automatically consider a person 
to need regular aid and attendance, without having to demonstrate the 
disability described in paragraph (a) of this section, if the person:
    (1) Is blind or so nearly blind as to have corrected visual acuity 
of 5/200 or less in both eyes;
    (2) Has concentric contraction of the visual field in both eyes to 
5 degrees or less; or
    (3) Is a patient in a nursing home because of mental or physical 
incapacity.
    (c) Entitlement based on permanent housebound status--surviving 
spouse. A surviving spouse who is not entitled to special monthly DIC 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance, as provided in 
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, is entitled to special monthly 
DIC if he or she is permanently housebound. A surviving spouse will be 
considered permanently housebound if substantially confined to his or 
her home (ward or clinical areas, if institutionalized) or immediate 
premises because of a disability or disabilities, and it is reasonably 
certain that such disability or disabilities will remain throughout the 
surviving spouse's lifetime.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1311(c), (d), 1315(g))

Sec.  5.512  Eligibility for death compensation or death pension 
instead of dependency and indemnity compensation.

    (a) General rule. Subject to paragraph (b) of this section, VA will 
not pay death compensation or death pension to any person eligible for 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) based upon a death 
occurring after December 31, 1956.
    (b) Right of spouse to elect death pension. A surviving spouse 
eligible for DIC may elect to receive death pension instead of DIC. For 
effective date information, see Sec.  5.743(a).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1317)

Sec. Sec.  5.513-5.519  [Reserved]

Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--Eligibility Requirements and 
Payment Rules for Surviving Spouses and Children


Sec.  5.520  Dependency and indemnity compensation--time of marriage 
requirements for surviving spouses.

    (a) Purpose. In addition to meeting the marriage requirements 
necessary to

[[Page 71254]]

qualify as a surviving spouse, as defined at Sec.  5.200(a), a 
surviving spouse must meet certain requirements concerning the time of 
his or her marriage to the veteran in order to be eligible for 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC). This section sets out 
those requirements.
    (b) Time of marriage requirements.--(1) Surviving spouse eligible 
under Sec.  5.510(b)(1) or (3). A surviving spouse meets the time of 
marriage requirements for DIC under the bases for eligibility set out 
in Sec.  5.510(b)(1) or (3) if his or her marriage to the veteran meets 
any of the following criteria:
    (i) The surviving spouse married the veteran before or during the 
veteran's military service.
    (ii) The surviving spouse was married to the veteran for 1 year or 
more. Multiple periods of marriage may be added together to meet the 1-
year marriage requirement.
    (iii) The surviving spouse was married to the veteran for any 
length of time and a child was born of the marriage or was born to them 
before the marriage. See Sec.  5.1 for the definition of, child born of 
the marriage and child born before the marriage.
    (iv) The surviving spouse married the veteran no later than 15 
years after the date of termination of the period of service in which 
the injury or disease causing the veteran's death was incurred or 
aggravated. For purposes of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, period of 
service means a period of active military service from which the 
veteran was discharged under conditions other than dishonorable. If the 
surviving spouse has been married to the veteran more than once, see 
Sec.  5.200, Surviving spouse: requirement of valid marriage to 
veteran.
    (2) Surviving spouse eligible under Sec.  5.510(b)(2). A surviving 
spouse meets the time of marriage requirements for DIC under the basis 
for eligibility set out in Sec.  5.510(b)(2), concerning veterans with 
a service-connected disability rated as totally disabling at the time 
of death under 38 U.S.C. 1318, if his or her marriage to the veteran 
meets any of the following criteria:
    (i) The surviving spouse was married to the veteran continuously 
for 1 year or more immediately preceding the veteran's death.
    (ii) The surviving spouse was married to the veteran for any length 
of time and a child was born of the marriage or was born to them before 
the marriage. See Sec.  5.1 for the definition of child born of the 
marriage and child born before the marriage.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1151, 1304, 1310, 1318)

Sec.  5.521  Dependency and indemnity compensation benefits for 
survivors of certain veterans rated totally disabled at time of death.

    (a) Even though a veteran died of non-service-connected causes, VA 
will pay death benefits to the surviving spouse or child in the same 
manner as if the veteran's death was service connected, if:
    (1) The veteran's death was not the result of his or her willful 
misconduct; and
    (2) At the time of death, the veteran was receiving, or was 
entitled to receive, compensation for service-connected disability that 
was:
    (i) Rated by VA as totally disabling for a continuous period of at 
least 10 years immediately preceding death;
    (ii) Rated by VA as totally disabling continuously since the 
veteran's release from active duty and for at least 5 years immediately 
preceding death; or
    (iii) Rated by VA as totally disabling for a continuous period of 
not less than 1 year immediately preceding death, if the veteran was a 
former prisoner of war.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1318(b))


    (b) For purposes of this section, entitled to receive means that 
the veteran filed a claim for disability compensation during his or her 
lifetime and one of the following circumstances is satisfied:
    (1) The veteran would have received total disability compensation 
at the time of death for a service-connected disability rated totally 
disabling for the period specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section 
but for clear and unmistakable error committed by VA in a decision on a 
claim filed during the veteran's lifetime; or
    (2) Additional evidence submitted to VA before or after the 
veteran's death, consisting solely of service department records that 
existed at the time of a prior VA decision but were not previously 
considered by VA, provides a basis for reopening a claim finally 
decided during the veteran's lifetime and for awarding a total service-
connected disability rating retroactively in accordance with Sec. Sec.  
5.166 and 5.55(b), for the relevant period specified in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section; or
    (3) At the time of death, the veteran had a service-connected 
disability that was continuously rated totally disabling by VA for the 
period specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, but was not 
receiving compensation because:
    (i) VA was paying the compensation to the veteran's dependents;
    (ii) VA was withholding the compensation under authority of 38 
U.S.C. 5314 to offset an indebtedness of the veteran;
    (iii) The veteran had not waived retired or retirement pay in order 
to receive compensation;
    (iv) VA was withholding payments under the provisions of 10 U.S.C. 
1174(h)(2);
    (v) VA was withholding payments because the veteran's whereabouts 
were unknown, but the veteran was otherwise entitled to continued 
payments based on a total service-connected disability rating; or
    (vi) VA was withholding payments under 38 U.S.C. 5308 but 
determined that benefits were payable under 38 U.S.C. 5309.
    (c) For purposes of this section, ``rated by VA as totally 
disabling'' includes total disability ratings based on unemployability 
(Sec.  4.16 of this chapter).


Sec.  5.522  Dependency and indemnity compensation benefits for 
survivors of certain veterans rated totally disabled at time of death--
offset of wrongful death damages.

    (a) Applicability. This section applies when a surviving spouse or 
child:
    (1) Is eligible for dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) on 
the basis described in Sec.  5.510(b)(2), concerning veterans with a 
service-connected disability rated as totally disabling at the time of 
death under 38 U.S.C. 1318; and
    (2) Receives any money or property of value pursuant to an award in 
a judicial proceeding based upon, or a settlement or compromise of, any 
cause of action for damages for the wrongful death of the veteran whose 
death is the basis for such benefits.
    (b) Offset. VA will not pay DIC on the basis described in Sec.  
5.510(b)(2), concerning veterans with a service-connected disability 
rated as totally disabling at the time of death under 38 U.S.C. 1318, 
for any month after a month in which the beneficiary receives money or 
property described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section until the total 
amount of the DIC benefits that would otherwise have been payable 
equals the total amount of such money and/or value of such property. 
This paragraph (b) does not apply to DIC benefits payable under this 
section for any period before the end of the month in which such money 
or property was received.
    (c) Amount of offset. The following rules apply when calculating 
the amount to be offset in DIC cases:
    (1) VA will count in the amount to be offset damages typically 
recoverable under wrongful death statutes, such as reimbursement for 
the loss of support,

[[Page 71255]]

services, and other contributions, which the surviving spouse or child 
would have received if the veteran had lived and, where allowed, 
reimbursement for pain, suffering or mental anguish of the survivors 
due to death. Damages recoverable as compensation for injuries suffered 
by, or economic loss sustained by, the veteran prior to death such as 
wages lost prior to death, medical expenses, and compensation for the 
veteran's pain and suffering prior to death are not counted.
    (2) VA will count in the amount to be offset amounts paid to a 
third party to satisfy a legal obligation of the surviving spouse or 
child. VA will also count the payment of the claimant's proportional 
share of attorney's fees, court costs, and other expenses incident to 
the civil claim.
    (3) VA will not count in the amount to be offset money or property 
payable to a person or entity other than the spouse or child under the 
terms of the judgment, settlement, or compromise agreement unless the 
spouse or child receives the benefit of such a payment. For example, 
wrongful death damages paid to a veteran's estate or into a trust or 
similar arrangement will be counted in the amount to be offset to the 
extent that they are distributed to, or available for the use and 
benefit of, the surviving spouse or child.
    (4) VA will not count in the amount to be offset benefits received 
under Social Security or worker's compensation even though such 
benefits may have been awarded in a judicial proceeding.
    (5) The value of property received is that property's fair market 
value at the time it is received by the claimant.
    (d) Beneficiary's duty to report receipt of money or property. Any 
person entitled to DIC on the basis described in Sec.  5.510(b)(2), 
concerning veterans with a service-connected disability rated as 
totally disabling at the time of death under 38 U.S.C. 1318, must 
promptly report to VA the receipt of any money or property described in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section. This obligation may be satisfied by 
providing VA a copy of the judgment, settlement agreement, or 
compromise agreement awarding the money or property. Overpayments 
created by failure to report will be subject to recovery if not waived.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1318(d))

Sec.  5.523  Dependency and indemnity compensation rate for a surviving 
spouse.

    (a) General determination of rate. When VA grants a surviving 
spouse entitlement to dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), VA 
will determine the rate of the benefit it will award. The rate of the 
benefit will be the total of the basic monthly rate specified in 
paragraph (b) or (d) of this section and any applicable increases 
specified in paragraph (c) or (e) of this section.
    (b) Basic monthly rate. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this 
section, the basic monthly rate of DIC for a surviving spouse will be 
the amount set forth in 38 U.S.C. 1311(a)(1).
    (c) Section 1311(a)(2) increase. The basic monthly rate under 
paragraph (b) of this section will be increased by the amount specified 
in 38 U.S.C. 1311(a)(2) if the veteran, at the time of death, was 
receiving, or was entitled to receive, compensation for service-
connected disability that was rated by VA as totally disabling for a 
continuous period of at least 8 years immediately preceding death. 
Determinations of entitlement to this increase will be made in 
accordance with paragraph (f) of this section.
    (d) Alternative basic monthly rate for death occurring prior to 
January 1, 1993. The basic monthly rate of DIC for a surviving spouse 
when the death of the veteran occurred before January 1, 1993, will be 
the amount specified in 38 U.S.C. 1311(a)(3) corresponding to the 
veteran's pay grade in service, but only if such rate is greater than 
the total of the basic monthly rate and the section 38 U.S.C. 
1311(a)(2) increase (if applicable) the surviving spouse is entitled to 
receive under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. The Secretary of 
the concerned service department will certify the veteran's pay grade 
and the certification will be binding on VA. DIC paid pursuant to this 
paragraph (d) may not be increased by the section 1311(a)(2) increase 
under paragraph (c) of this section.
    (e) Additional increases. One or more of the following increases 
may be paid in addition to the basic monthly rate and the 38 U.S.C. 
1311(a)(2) increase.
    (1) Increase for a child. If the surviving spouse has one or more 
children of the deceased veteran who are under age18 (including a child 
not in the surviving spouse's actual or constructive custody or a child 
who is in active military service), the monthly DIC rate will be 
increased by the amount set forth in 38 U.S.C. 1311(b) for each child.
    (2) Increase for regular aid and attendance. If the surviving 
spouse is determined to need regular aid and attendance under the 
criteria in Sec. Sec.  5.320, Determining need for regular aid and 
attendance, and 5.332(c), Additional allowance for regular aid and 
attendance under 38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(1) or for a higher level of care 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(r)(2) or is a patient in a nursing home, the 
monthly DIC rate will be increased by the amount set forth in 38 U.S.C. 
1311(c).
    (3) Increase for housebound status. If the surviving spouse is not 
entitled to the regular aid and attendance allowance but is housebound 
under the criteria in Sec.  5.391(b), Special monthly pension for a 
veteran or surviving spouse at the housebound rate, the monthly DIC 
rate will be increased by the amount set forth in 38 U.S.C. 1311(d).
    (4) For a 2-year period beginning on the date entitlement to DIC 
commenced, the DIC paid monthly to a surviving spouse with one or more 
children under age18 will be increased by the amount set forth in 38 
U.S.C. 1311(f), regardless of the number of such children. The DIC 
payable under this paragraph (e) is in addition to any other DIC 
payable. The increase in DIC of a surviving spouse under this paragraph 
(e) will cease beginning with the first of the month after the month in 
which the youngest child of the surviving spouse has attained age 18.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1311(f))


    (f) Criteria governing section 1311(a)(2) increase. In determining 
whether a surviving spouse is entitled to the section 1311(a)(2) 
increase under paragraph (c) of this section, the following standards 
will apply.
    (1) Marriage requirement. The surviving spouse must have been 
married to the veteran for the entire 8-year period referenced in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) Determination of total disability. As used in paragraph (c) of 
this section, the phrase ``rated by VA as totally disabling'' includes 
total disability ratings based on unemployability (Sec.  4.16 of this 
chapter).
    (3) Definition of ``entitled to receive''. As used in paragraph (c) 
of this section, the phrase entitled to receive means that the veteran 
filed a claim for disability compensation during his or her lifetime 
and one of the following circumstances is satisfied:
    (i) The veteran would have received total disability compensation 
for the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section but for clear 
and unmistakable error committed by VA in a decision on a claim filed 
during the veteran's lifetime; or
    (ii) Additional evidence submitted to VA before or after the 
veteran's death, consisting solely of service department records that 
existed at the time of a prior VA decision but were not previously 
considered by VA, provides a basis for reopening a claim finally 
decided during the veteran's lifetime and for awarding a total service-
connected

[[Page 71256]]

disability rating retroactively in accordance with Sec. Sec.  5.150(a), 
5.153, and 5.166, for the period specified in paragraph (c) of this 
section; or
    (iii) At the time of death, the veteran had a service-connected 
disability that was continuously rated totally disabling by VA for the 
period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, but was not 
receiving compensation because:
    (A) VA was paying the compensation to the veteran's dependents;
    (B) VA was withholding the compensation under the authority of 38 
U.S.C. 5314 to offset an indebtedness of the veteran;
    (C) The veteran had not waived retired pay in order to receive 
compensation;
    (D) VA was withholding payments under the provisions of 10 U.S.C. 
1174(h)(2);
    (E) VA was withholding payments because the veteran's whereabouts 
were unknown, but the veteran was otherwise entitled to continued 
payments based on a total service-connected disability rating; or
    (F) VA was withholding payments under 38 U.S.C. 5308 but determines 
that benefits were payable under 38 U.S.C. 5309.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1311, 1314, and 1321)

Sec.  5.524  Awards of dependency and indemnity compensation benefits 
to a child when there is a retroactive award to a schoolchild.

    (a) Applicability. Dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) is 
payable to a child when there is no surviving spouse entitled to DIC. 
The total amount VA pays to a child depends on the number of children, 
and the amount that is paid to each child in equal shares. This section 
states an exception that applies when all of the following conditions 
are met:
    (1) DIC is currently being paid to one or more children;
    (2) DIC had previously been paid to an additional child, but 
payment was discontinued because that child reached age 18;
    (3) DIC has been reestablished for that child because he or she is 
attending an approved educational institution; and
    (4) The effective date of the additional child's reestablished 
entitlement is prior to the date VA received that child's application 
to reestablish entitlement.
    (b) Award to the additional child.--(1) Retroactive payment. When 
VA approves reinstatement of DIC to an additional child, that child is 
entitled to retroactive payment for the time period between when the 
child's entitlement arose and the time VA resumed payment of the DIC 
award. Retroactive payment is calculated by determining the difference 
between the total amount payable for all children, including the 
additional child during the retroactive period and the total amount VA 
actually paid to the other children during that period. If more than 
one child reestablishes entitlement as described in paragraph (a) of 
this section, the retroactive award will be paid to each such child in 
equal shares.
    (2) Payment commencement date for full equal share. The additional 
child will be entitled to a full equal share of DIC the first day of 
the month after the month in which VA approved the additional child's 
reestablished DIC award.
    (c) Effective date of payment of reduced shares to any other child. 
The running award to any other child will be reduced to the amount of 
their new equal shares effective the first day of the month after the 
month in which VA approved the additional child's reestablished DIC 
award.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1313(b), 5110(e), 5111)


    Cross-reference: Sections 5.693 Beginning date for certain VA 
payments, and 5.696 Payments to or for a child pursuing a course of 
instruction at an approved educational institution.


Sec.  5.525  Awards of dependency and indemnity compensation when not 
all dependents apply.

    Except as provided in Sec.  5.536(e), in any case where a 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) claim has been filed by or 
on behalf of at least one dependent but VA believes that other 
dependents may be entitled to DIC based on the death of the same 
veteran, the award (original or amended) to all dependents who have 
filed claims will be made for all periods at the rates and in the same 
manner as if there were no dependents other than the dependents who 
filed claims. However, if the file reflects that there are additional 
potential DIC claimants and less than 1 year has passed since the 
veteran's death, the award to a dependent who has filed a claim will be 
made at the rate which would be payable as if all dependents were 
receiving benefits. If, at the expiration of the 1-year period, claims 
have not been filed for such dependents, VA will pay the full rate to 
the dependents already receiving DIC. This payment will include any 
retroactive amounts to which they are entitled.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.526-5.529  [Reserved]

Dependency and Indemnity Compensation--Eligibility Requirements and 
Payment Rules for a Parent


Sec.  5.530  Eligibility for, and payment of, parent's dependency and 
indemnity compensation.

    (a) Basic eligibility. A veteran's surviving parent may receive 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) on the basis described in 
Sec.  5.510(b)(1), concerning service-connected death under 38 U.S.C. 
1310, and Sec.  5.510(b)(3), concerning veterans whose death was due to 
certain VA-furnished medical, training, compensated work therapy, or 
rehabilitation services under 38 U.S.C. 1151. DIC is not payable to a 
parent on the basis described in Sec.  5.510(b)(2), concerning veterans 
with a service-connected disability rated as totally disabling at the 
time of death under 38 U.S.C. 1318.
    (b) Parent's DIC is income based. Unlike DIC benefits for a 
surviving spouse and child, the amount of a parent's DIC payable is 
adjusted based on a parent's income and DIC is not payable to a parent 
whose income exceeds statutory limits. Sections 5.531 through 5.537 
provide income and payment rules.
    (c) Net worth not considered. Net worth is not a factor in 
determining entitlement to a parent's DIC or the amount of a parent's 
DIC payable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1151, 1310, 1315, 1318)

Sec.  5.531  General income rules for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation.

    (a) All payments are counted in income. All payments of any kind 
from any source are counted in determining the income of a veteran's 
parent, except as provided in Sec.  5.533.
    (b) Payments. (1) What is counted. For purposes of this section, 
``payments'' are cash and cash equivalents (such as checks and other 
negotiable instruments) and the fair market value of personal services, 
goods, or room and board a parent receives in lieu of other forms of 
payment.
    (2) What is not counted. ''Payments'' do not include any of the 
following:
    (i) The value of a parent's use of his or her property, such as the 
rental value of a home a parent owns and lives in.
    (ii) Dividends from commercial insurance policies.
    (iii) Retirement benefits from the following sources (or to the 
following persons), if the benefits have been waived pursuant to 
Federal statute:

[[Page 71257]]

    (A) Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund;
    (B) Railroad Retirement Board;
    (C) District of Columbia, for firemen, policemen, or public school 
teachers;
    (D) Former U.S. Lighthouse Service.
    (c) Spousal income combined. Income for purposes of a parent's 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) benefits is the combined 
income of a parent and the parent's spouse, unless the marriage has 
been terminated or the parent is legally separated from his or her 
spouse. Income is combined whether the parent's spouse is the veteran's 
other surviving parent or the veteran's stepparent. See Sec.  5.534(c) 
concerning how much of the spouse's income to count for the year of 
remarriage.
    (d) Income-producing property.--(1) Scope. This paragraph (d) 
provides rules for determining whether income from property will be 
counted as a parent's income. The provisions of this paragraph (d) 
apply to all property, real or personal, in which a parent has an 
interest, whether acquired through purchase, bequest or inheritance.
    (2) Proof of ownership. In determining whether to count income from 
real or personal property, VA will consider the terms of the recorded 
deed or other evidence of title. However, VA will accept the claimant's 
statement concerning the terms of ownership in the absence of evidence 
to the contrary.
    (3) Transfer of ownership with retention of income. If a parent 
transfers ownership of property to another person or legal entity, but 
retains the right to income, the income will be counted.
    (4) Income from jointly owned property. In the absence of evidence 
showing otherwise, VA will consider a parent who owns property jointly 
with others, including partnership property, to be entitled to a share 
of the income from that property proportionate to the parent's share of 
ownership. VA will accept the claimant's statement concerning the terms 
of ownership in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
    (e) Procedure when income amounts are uncertain--deferred 
determinations. When a parent is uncertain about the amount of income 
the parent will receive during a calendar year, VA will calculate 
dependency and indemnity payments for that calendar year using the 
highest amount of income the parent estimates, or VA's best estimate of 
income if the parent's estimate appears to be unrealistically low in 
light of the parent's past income and current circumstances. VA will 
adjust benefits, or pay benefits, when actual total income for the year 
is determined. See Sec.  5.535.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1315(f))

Sec.  5.532  Deductions from income for parent's dependency and 
indemnity compensation.

    (a) Expenses of a business or profession. Necessary business 
operating expenses are deductible from gross income from a business or 
profession. Examples include the cost of goods sold and payments for 
rent, taxes, upkeep, repairs, and replacements. Depreciation is not a 
deductible expense. Losses sustained in operating a business or 
profession may not be deducted from income from any other source. For 
purposes of this section, ``business'' includes, but is not limited to, 
the operation of a farm and transactions involving investment property.
    (b) Expenses associated with disability, accident, or health 
insurance recoveries.
    VA will deduct from sums recovered under disability, accident, or 
health insurance medical, legal, or other expenses incident to the 
insured injury or illness. However, VA will not deduct the same medical 
expenses under this paragraph (b) and paragraph (d) of this section.
    (c) Expenses of a deceased spouse or of the deceased veteran.--(1) 
Deceased spouse. Amounts a parent pays for the following expenses of a 
deceased spouse are deductible:
    (i) A deceased spouse's just debts, excluding debts secured by real 
or personal property.
    (ii) The expenses of the spouse's last illness and burial to the 
extent such expenses are not reimbursed by VA under 38 U.S.C. chapter 
23 (see subpart J of this part concerning VA burial benefits) or 38 
U.S.C. chapter 51 (see Sec.  5.551(e) concerning the use of accrued 
benefits to reimburse the person who bore the expense of a deceased 
beneficiary's last sickness or burial).
    (2) Deceased veteran. Amounts a parent pays for the expenses of the 
veteran's last illness and burial are deductible to the extent that 
such expenses are not reimbursed by VA under 38 U.S.C. chapter 23 (see 
subpart J of this part concerning VA burial benefits).
    (3) When expenses are deducted. Expenses deductible under this 
paragraph (c) are deductible for the year in which they were paid. 
However, if such expenses were paid during the year following the year 
the veteran or spouse died, the expenses may be deducted for the year 
the expenses were paid or the year of death, whichever is to the 
parent's advantage.
    (4) Proof of expenses. VA will accept as proof of expenses 
deductible under this paragraph (c) a claimant's statement as to the 
amount and nature of each expense, the date of payment, and the 
identity of the creditor unless the circumstances create doubt as to 
the credibility of the statement.
    (d) Unusual medical expenses.--(1) Definitions--(i) Family members. 
For purposes of this section, a family member is a relative of the 
parent or parent's spouse, who is a member of the household of the 
parent or parent's spouse, and whom the parent or parent's spouse has a 
moral or legal obligation to support. This includes a relative who 
would normally be a resident of the household, but who is physically 
absent due to unusual or unavoidable circumstances, such as a child 
away at school or a family member confined to a nursing home.
    (ii) Unusual medical expenses. For purposes of this section, 
unusual medical expenses means unreimbursed medical expenses above 5 
percent of annual income. For the definition of medical expenses that 
VA will deduct, see Sec.  5.707.
    (2) Expenses of parent and parent's family members. VA will deduct 
amounts paid by a parent for his or her unusual medical expenses and 
those of family members.
    (3) Expenses of spouse and spouse's family members. VA will deduct 
the unusual medical expenses of the spouse and the spouse's family 
members if the combined annual income of the parent and the parent's 
spouse is the basis for calculating income.
    (4) When expenses are deducted. VA will deduct unusual medical 
expenses from income for the calendar year in which they were paid 
regardless of when the expenses were incurred.
    (5) Proof of expenses. VA will accept the claimant's statement as 
to the amount and nature of each medical expense, the date of payment, 
and the identity of the creditor unless the circumstances create doubt 
as to the credibility of the statement.
    (6) Estimates of expenses for future benefit periods. For purpose 
of authorizing prospective payment of benefits, VA may accept a 
claimant's estimate of future medical expenses based on a clear and 
reasonable expectation that unusual medical expenditure will be 
incurred. VA will adjust an award based on such an estimate upon 
receipt of an amended estimate or upon receipt of an eligibility 
verification report. See Sec. Sec.  5.708 and 5.709 concerning 
requirements for eligibility verification reports.
    (e) Certain salary deductions not deductible for determining 
income. For purposes of determining a parent's

[[Page 71258]]

income, a salary may not be reduced by the amount of deductions made 
under a retirement act or plan or for income tax withholding.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1315(f))

Sec.  5.533  Income not counted for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation.

    VA will not count payments from the following sources when 
calculating a parent's income for dependency and indemnity compensation 
(DIC) purposes:
    (a) Death gratuity. Death gratuity payments by the Secretary 
concerned under 10 U.S.C. 1475 through 1480. This includes death 
gratuity payments in lieu of payments under 10 U.S.C. 1478 made to 
certain survivors of Persian Gulf conflict veterans authorized by sec. 
307, Pub. L. 102-25, 105 Stat. 82.
    (b) Donations received. Donations from public or private relief or 
welfare organizations, including the following:
    (1) The value of maintenance furnished by a relative, friend, or a 
civic or governmental charitable organization, including money paid to 
an institution for the care of the parent due to impaired health or 
advanced age.
    (2) Benefits received under noncontributory programs, such as 
Supplemental Security Income payments.
    (c) Certain VA benefit payments. The following VA benefit payments:
    (1) Payments under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11, Compensation for Service-
Connected Disability or Death.
    (2) Payments under 38 U.S.C. chapter 13, Dependency and Indemnity 
Compensation for Service-Connected Death. However, payments under 38 
U.S.C. 1312(a), described in Sec.  5.583 are counted as income.
    (3) Nonservice-connected VA disability and death pension payments.
    (4) VA benefit payments listed in Sec.  5.472(e).
    (d) Certain life insurance payments. Payments under policies of 
Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance, U.S. Government Life Insurance, 
or National Service Life Insurance.
    (e) Social Security death payments. Lump-sum death payments under 
title II of the Social Security Act.
    (f) State service bonuses. Payments of a bonus or similar cash 
gratuity by any State based upon service in the Armed Forces.
    (g) 10 percent of income from retirement plans and similar plans 
and programs. 10 percent of the amount of payments to a person under 
public or private retirement, annuity, endowment, or similar plans or 
programs is not counted as income under this section. This includes 
payments for:
    (1) Annuities or endowments paid under a Federal, State, municipal, 
or private business or industrial plan.
    (2) Old age and survivor's insurance and disability insurance under 
title II of the Social Security Act.
    (3) Retirement benefits received from the Railroad Retirement 
Board.
    (4) Permanent and total disability or death benefits received from 
the Office of Workers' Compensation Programs of the U.S. Department of 
Labor, the Social Security Administration, or the Railroad Retirement 
Board, or pursuant to any worker's compensation or employer's liability 
statute, including damages collected incident to a tort suit under 
employer's liability law of the U.S. or a political subdivision of the 
U.S. This ten percent exclusion applies after the income from the 
specified payments is reduced by the deductions described in Sec.  
5.532(b) concerning expenses associated with disability, accident, or 
health insurance recoveries.
    (5) A commercial annuity, endowment, or life insurance proceeds.
    (6) Disability, accident or health insurance proceeds. This ten 
percent exclusion applies after the income from the specified payments 
is reduced by the deductions described in Sec.  5.532(b) concerning 
expenses associated with disability, accident, or health insurance 
recoveries.
    (h) Casualty loss reimbursement. Reimbursements of any kind for any 
casualty loss are not counted, but only up to the greater of the fair 
market value or the reasonable replacement cost of the property 
involved immediately preceding the loss. For purposes of this section, 
a ``casualty loss'' is the complete or partial destruction of property 
resulting from an identifiable event of a sudden, unexpected or unusual 
nature.
    (i) Profit from sale of non-business property. (1) Profit realized 
from the sale of real or personal property other than in the course of 
a business. However, any amounts received in excess of the sale price, 
such as interest payments, will be counted as income.
    (2) If payments are received in installments, the sums received 
(including principal and interest) will not be counted until the parent 
has received an amount equal to the sale price. Any amounts received 
after the sale price has been recovered will be counted as income.
    (j) Payment for civic obligations. Payments received for discharge 
of jury duty or other obligatory civic duties.
    (k) Radiation Exposure Compensation Act payments. Payments under 
Section 6 of the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 2210 (note))


    (l) Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund payments. Payments under 
section 103(c)(1) of the Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund Act of 1998.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300c-22 (note))


    (m) Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program 
payments. Payments under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 
Compensation Program.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7385e(2))


    (n) Payments to Aleuts. Payments to certain eligible Aleuts under 
50 U.S.C. Appx. 1989c-5.

(Authority: 50 U.S.C. Appx. 1989c-5(d)(2))


    (o) Increased inventory value of a business. The value of an 
increase of stock inventory of a business.
    (p) Employer contributions. An employer's contributions to health 
and hospitalization plans for either an active or retired employee.
    (q) Other payments. Other payments listed in Sec. Sec.  5.706 and 
5.707.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1315(f))

Sec.  5.534  When VA counts a parent's income for parent's dependency 
and indemnity compensation.

    (a) General rules. (1) VA counts income on a calendar year basis 
for purposes of a parent's dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) 
benefits.
    (2) The calendar year for which VA will count income is the 
calendar year in which the parent received the income, or anticipates 
receiving it.
    (3) VA will count a parent's total income for the calendar year 
except as provided in this section.
    (b) Exception for first awards and awards following a period of no 
entitlement--proportionate annual income.--(1) When used. VA will use 
proportionate annual income for the first award of parent's DIC, or for 
resuming payments on an award of a parent's DIC which was discontinued 
for a reason other than excess income or a change in marital or 
dependency status, if it is to the parent's advantage. Otherwise, VA 
will base the award on the parent's actual total annual income for the 
entire calendar year.
    (2) Proportionate annual income calculation. A proportionate annual 
income calculation disregards income received, and expenses paid, prior 
to the effective date of an initial award of parent's DIC, or prior to 
the effective date of an award that follows a period of no entitlement 
for a reason other than excess income or a change in marital or

[[Page 71259]]

dependency status. In performing a proportionate annual income 
calculation, VA first determines what the parent's income was for the 
portion of the calendar year from the effective date of the award of a 
parent's DIC to the end of the calendar year. VA then calculates what 
annual income would have been if income had been received at the same 
rate for the entire calendar year.
    (3) How VA computes proportionate annual income. VA will use the 
following steps in making the proportionate annual income calculation, 
rounding the result only at the final step.
    (i) Determine income from the effective date of the award of a 
parent's DIC to the end of the calendar year, disregarding income 
received and expenses paid before the effective date of the award.
    (ii) Divide the result by the number of days from the effective 
date of the award of parent's DIC to the end of the calendar year.
    (iii) Multiply that result by 365. This result, rounded down to the 
nearest dollar, is the proportionate annual income.
    (c) Exception for an increase in income because of a parent's 
marriage. If a parent marries during the applicable calendar year, 
income received by the parent's spouse prior to the date of the 
marriage is not counted.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315(b))

Sec.  5.535  Adjustments to a parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation when income changes.

    (a) (1) Applicability. This paragraph (a) applies when, based on 
anticipated income, VA did not pay parent's DIC for a particular 
calendar year, or paid less than the full applicable statutory rate for 
that particular calendar year, but income for that calendar year was 
actually less than anticipated.
    (2) Retroactive adjustment; income reporting time limitation. VA 
may retroactively pay a parent's DIC or pay a higher rate of a parent's 
DIC from the first of the applicable calendar year under the following 
circumstances:
    (i) Satisfactory evidence shows that income was actually less than 
anticipated for that calendar year; and
    (ii) VA receives such evidence no later than the end of the 
calendar year after the calendar year to which the evidence pertains. 
Otherwise, payment or increased payments may not be made for the 
applicable calendar year on the basis of such evidence.
    (b) (1) Applicability. This paragraph (b) applies when, based on 
actual income, VA did not pay a parent's DIC for a particular calendar 
year, or paid less than the full applicable statutory rate for that 
particular calendar year, but the parent's income then changes.
    (2) Actual income. If VA adjusts a parent's benefits for a given 
12-month annualization period, pension or dependency and indemnity 
compensation may be awarded or increased, effective the beginning of 
the next 12-month annualization period, if satisfactory evidence is 
received within that period.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315(e), 5110(a))


    Cross-Reference: Sections 5.708 Eligibility verification reports 
and 5.709 Claimant and beneficiary responsibility to report changes.


Sec.  5.536  Parent's dependency and indemnity compensation rates.

    (a) Statutory rates. VA pays dependency and indemnity compensation 
(DIC) to a parent based upon statutory rates that vary depending upon 
whether both parents are living, upon the parent's marital status, upon 
whether a parent is legally separated from his or her spouse, and upon 
whether a parent is a patient in a nursing home, significantly disabled 
or blind, or so disabled or blind as to require the aid and attendance 
of another person. These rates are reduced by varying amounts that 
depend upon the parent's income. See 38 U.S.C. 1315. Rate and income 
limitations are periodically adjusted whenever there is an increase in 
benefit amounts payable under title II of the Social Security Act. See 
38 U.S.C. 5312(b). In cases based on service in the Commonwealth Army 
of the Philippines, as a guerrilla, or as a Philippine Scout, see Sec.  
5.615 (concerning calculation of the parent's DIC income limitation for 
claims based on such service).
    (b) Use of published rates and income limitations. Whenever there 
is a cost-of-living increase in benefit amounts payable under section 
215(i) of title II of the Social Security Act, VA increases the annual 
income limitations and the maximum monthly rates of parent's DIC by the 
same percentage as the Social Security increase. These increases are 
effective on the same date as the Social Security increase. VA will 
publish parent's DIC rates, the annual income limitations, and the 
formulas for adjusting parent's DIC rates for annual income in the 
Notices section of the Federal Register when there is a change in the 
amounts. VA will use this published data in calculating parent's DIC 
payments. The rates referenced in paragraphs (c) through (e) of this 
section are the rates specified in the applicable Federal Register 
notice of an increase in the rates of parent's DIC.
    (c) One parent--remarried. Where there is only one parent and that 
parent has remarried and is living with his or her spouse, VA will pay 
DIC at the rate for one parent who has not remarried, or the rate 
applicable to a remarried parent living with his or her spouse, 
whichever will provide the greater monthly rate of DIC. However, Sec.  
5.531(c) (requiring spousal income to be combined) applies in either 
instance.
    (d) One parent--marriage ends or parent is legally separated from 
spouse. When one parent has remarried and that marriage has ended or 
the parent is legally separated from his or her spouse, the rate of DIC 
for that parent will be that which would be payable if there is only 
one parent alone or two parents not living together, whichever applies.
    (e) Two parents living--one parent files DIC application. Where 
there are two parents of the veteran living and only one parent has 
filed an application for DIC, the rate of DIC payable to that parent 
will be that which would be payable to such parent if both parents had 
filed an application.
    (f) Minimum payment. (1) Five dollar minimum. If any payment of a 
parent's DIC is due after the applicable rate payable is adjusted for 
income, the amount of that payment will not be less than $5 monthly.
    (2) Minimum DIC payment required for special monthly DIC. The 
special monthly DIC will be paid to a parent who is a patient in a 
nursing home, is blind, or in need of aid and attendance only if he or 
she is entitled to at least the minimum DIC payment described in 
paragraph (f)(1) of this section.
    (g) Rate changes due to changes in marital status or living 
arrangements. If a parent's conditions of entitlement change because of 
a change in marital status or living arrangements, VA will determine 
the new rate payable based on the new status. For example, if the 
parent was unmarried for part of the year, and married for part of the 
year, VA will pay the applicable rate for an unmarried parent for the 
part of the year that the parent was unmarried, and then pay the 
applicable rate for a married parent for the part of the year that the 
parent was married.
    (h) Rates payable when one of two parents receiving death 
compensation elects DIC.--(1) Parent who elects DIC. The rate of DIC 
for the parent who elects DIC will not exceed the amount that would be 
paid to the parent if both parents had elected DIC.
    (2) Parent still receiving death compensation. The rate of death 
compensation for the parent who did

[[Page 71260]]

not elect DIC will not exceed the amount that would be paid if both 
parents were receiving death compensation.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315, 5312)

Sec.  5.537  Payment intervals for parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation.

    (a) Monthly payments. VA pays parent's dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) monthly, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section.
    (b) Exception. VA will pay the parent's DIC benefit semiannually, 
on or about June 1 and December 1, if the amount of the annual benefit 
is less than four percent of the maximum annual rate payable for that 
parent. However, a parent receiving payment semiannually may elect to 
receive payment monthly in cases in which receiving payments 
semiannually would cause other Federal benefits to be denied.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315)


Effective Dates


Sec.  5.538  Effective date of dependency and indemnity compensation 
award.

    (a) Death in service. The following effective dates apply for 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) awards based upon a 
veteran's death in service:
    (1) Claim received no later than 1 year after the date of initial 
report or finding of death. (i) If VA grants DIC based on a claim 
received no later than 1 year after the date the Secretary concerned 
makes either an initial report of the veteran's actual death or a 
finding of the veteran's presumed death in active military service, the 
effective date is the first day of the month fixed by that Secretary as 
the month of death in the report or finding.
    (ii) Exception. VA will not pay benefits based on a report of 
actual death under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section for any period 
for which the claimant received, or was entitled to receive, any of the 
veteran's following military entitlements: an allowance, an allotment, 
or service pay.
    (2) Claim received more than 1 year after date of initial report or 
finding of death. If VA grants DIC based on a claim received more than 
1 year after the date of the initial report or finding of death 
described in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, the effective date is 
the date VA received the claim.
    (b) Service-connected death after separation from service. The 
following effective dates apply for DIC awards based upon a veteran's 
death after separation from service:
    (1) Claim received no later than 1 year after death. If VA grants 
DIC based on a claim received no later than 1 year after the veteran's 
death, the effective date is the first day of the month in which the 
veteran's death occurred.
    (2) Claim received more than 1 year after death. If VA grants DIC 
based on a claim received more than 1 year after the veteran's death, 
then the effective date is the date VA received the claim.
    (c) DIC elected in lieu of death compensation. If VA receives an 
election of DIC in lieu of death compensation, the award of DIC 
benefits is effective the date of receipt of the election. See Sec.  
5.759.
    (d) DIC award to a child. The following effective dates apply for 
DIC awards to a child:
    (1) Claim received no later than 1 year after date entitlement 
arose. If VA grants DIC based on a claim received no later than 1 year 
after the date entitlement arose, as defined in Sec.  5.150, the 
effective date is the first day of the month in which entitlement 
arose.
    (2) Claim received more than 1 year after date entitlement arose. 
If VA grants DIC based on a claim received more than 1 year after the 
date entitlement arose, as defined in Sec.  5.150, the effective date 
is the date VA received the claim, except as otherwise provided in 
Sec. Sec.  5.230 and 5.696.
    (e) Additional allowance for a child. Any additional allowance 
awarded for a child is effective on the date the surviving spouse's DIC 
award is effective, except as otherwise provided in Sec.  5.230.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(d)(1), (e)(1), (j))


Sec.  5.539  Discontinuance of dependency and indemnity compensation to 
a person no longer recognized as the veteran's surviving spouse.

    (a) Discontinuance required. When VA is paying dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) to one person (``former payee'') as a 
veteran's surviving spouse and another person (``new payee'') 
establishes that he or she is the surviving spouse entitled to that 
benefit, VA will discontinue payment of DIC to the former payee. For 
information concerning the effective date of the award of DIC to the 
new payee, see Sec.  5.538.
    (b) Effective date of discontinuance of payments to the former 
payee. DIC payments to the former payee will be discontinued as 
follows:
    (1) Effective date of discontinuance of payments to a former payee 
if the new payee's award is effective before VA received the new 
payee's claim. If the effective date of an award of DIC to the new 
payee is a date before VA received the new payee's claim, then the 
award to the former payee will be discontinued on the effective date of 
the new payee's DIC award.
    (2) Effective date of discontinuance of payments to the former 
payee if the new payee's award is effective on the date VA received the 
new payee's claim. If the effective date of an award of DIC to the new 
payee is the date VA received the new payee's claim, then the award to 
the former payee will be discontinued effective the date of receipt of 
the new payee's claim or the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid benefits to the former payee, whichever is later.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(a), 5112(a))


Sec.  5.540  Effective date and payment adjustment rules for award or 
discontinuance of dependency and indemnity compensation to a surviving 
spouse where payments to a child are involved.

    (a) General rule. When VA is paying dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) to a veteran's child and a surviving spouse becomes 
entitled or loses entitlement, VA will discontinue or adjust payment of 
DIC as described in this section.
    (b) Surviving spouse establishes entitlement. This paragraph (b) 
applies when a surviving spouse becomes entitled to DIC when VA is 
already paying DIC to the veteran's child.
    (1) Rate for child lower than rate for surviving spouse--(i) 
Effective date. If a veteran's child received DIC at a rate lower than 
the rate payable to the surviving spouse, the award of DIC to the 
surviving spouse is effective the date provided by Sec.  5.538.
    (ii) Rate payable to the surviving spouse. The initial amount of 
DIC payable to the surviving spouse is the difference between the rate 
paid to the child and the rate payable to the surviving spouse. The 
full rate will be paid to the surviving spouse effective the first day 
of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits to the 
child.
    (2) Rate for child same as or higher than the rate for surviving 
spouse. If a veteran's child received DIC at a rate equal to or higher 
than the rate payable to the surviving spouse, the award of DIC to the 
surviving spouse is effective the first day of the month after the 
month for which VA last paid benefits to the child.
    (c) Surviving spouse receives dependency and indemnity compensation 
after his or her entitlement ends and a veteran's child is entitled to 
DIC. This paragraph (c)

[[Page 71261]]

applies when a surviving spouse continues to receive DIC after his or 
her entitlement ends and the veteran's child is entitled to DIC when 
the surviving spouse's entitlement ends.
    (1) Rate for child is lower than rate for surviving spouse. If the 
veteran's child is entitled to a rate of DIC lower than the rate paid 
to the surviving spouse, the payments to the surviving spouse will be 
reduced to the rate payable to the child or children as if there were 
no surviving spouse. This reduced benefit will be paid effective from 
the date the surviving spouse's entitlement ends to the first day of 
the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits to the 
surviving spouse. The award of DIC to the child is effective the first 
day of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits to the 
surviving spouse.
    (2) Rate for child higher than rate for surviving spouse--(i) 
Effective date of discontinuance of payments to surviving spouse. If 
the veteran's child is entitled to a rate higher than the rate paid to 
the surviving spouse, the discontinuation of the award to the surviving 
spouse is effective the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid benefits to the surviving spouse.
    (ii) Effective date and rate for child. The award to the veteran's 
child is effective the day after the end of the surviving spouse's 
entitlement. The initial amount of DIC payable to the child is the 
difference between the rate payable to the child and the rate paid to 
the surviving spouse. The full rate is payable effective the first day 
of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits to the 
surviving spouse.
    (3) Rate for child same as rate for the surviving spouse--(i) 
Effective date of discontinuance of benefit to surviving spouse. If the 
veteran's child is entitled to the same rate as the rate paid to the 
surviving spouse, the discontinuance of the award to the surviving 
spouse is effective the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid benefits to the surviving spouse.
    (ii) Effective date and rate for child. If the veteran's child is 
entitled to the same rate as the rate paid to the surviving spouse, the 
award of the full rate to the veteran's child is effective the first 
day of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits to the 
surviving spouse.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110(a), 5112(a))

Sec.  5.541  Effective date of reduction of a surviving spouse's 
dependency and indemnity compensation due to recertification of pay 
grade.

    If recertification of a veteran's military pay grade results in 
reduced dependency and indemnity compensation, VA will reduce the 
benefit effective the first day of the month after the month for which 
VA last paid the greater benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1311)

Sec.  5.542  Effective date of an award or an increased rate based on 
decreased income: Parents' dependency and indemnity compensation.

    (a) Time limit for receipt of evidence of reduced income. If VA 
receives evidence of a decrease in expected or actual income before the 
end of the calendar year after the calendar year to which the evidence 
pertains, the effective date of an award or increased payment of 
parents' dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) based on that 
evidence will be the date entitlement arose, as defined in Sec.  5.150, 
but not earlier than the beginning of the calendar year to which the 
evidence pertains. Otherwise, payment or increased payments may not be 
made for that calendar year on the basis of such evidence.
    (b) Excessive income for a calendar year. Unless paragraph (a) of 
this section applies, if payments of parents' DIC were not made or if 
payments were made at a reduced rate for a particular calendar year 
because income did not permit a higher payment, the effective date of 
an award or increased payment based on a reduction in income during 
that calendar year will be the beginning of the next calendar year.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315(e), 5110(a))

Sec.  5.543  Effective date of reduction or discontinuance based on 
increased income: Parents' dependency and indemnity compensation.

    (a) Effective-date rule. If VA reduces or discontinues parents' 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) based on an increase in the 
parent's expected or actual income for a particular calendar year, the 
reduction or discontinuance will be effective the first day of the 
month after the month in which the income increased or is expected to 
increase. If VA cannot determine the month in which the income 
increased or is expected to increase, the effective date of the 
reduction or discontinuance will be January 1 of the calendar year in 
which the income increased. If VA later receives evidence showing the 
month in which the income increased, VA will adjust the effective date 
accordingly.
    (b) Overpayments. If DIC was being paid to two parents living 
together, and an overpayment is created by the retroactive 
discontinuance of DIC, then the overpayment will be established on the 
award of each parent.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5112(b)(4))

Sec.  5.544  Dependency and indemnity compensation rate adjustments 
when an additional survivor files a claim.

    This section does not apply to cases governed by Sec.  5.524.
    (a) General rule. If an additional survivor files a claim for 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) while another survivor is 
receiving DIC (for example, one or more children are receiving DIC and 
another child files for DIC) and the additional survivor has apparent 
entitlement to DIC, then VA will reduce DIC while VA determines the 
additional survivor's entitlement.
    (b) Effective date of reduction of benefits--(1) Benefits payable 
before filing of claim. If benefits would be payable to the additional 
survivor from a date before the date VA received the additional 
survivor's claim, the effective date of any reduction in the benefit 
will be the date of the additional survivor's potential entitlement.
    (2) Benefits payable from the date of application. If benefits 
would be payable to the additional survivor from the date VA received 
the additional survivor's claim, VA will reduce the benefit on the 
later of the following dates:
    (i) The date VA received the additional survivor's claim; or
    (ii) The first day of the month after the month for which VA last 
paid benefits to the original survivor.
    (c) Effective date of award to additional survivor. If an award for 
the additional survivor is warranted, the full rate to which the 
additional survivor is entitled is payable to the additional survivor 
from the effective date of that award.
    (d) Resumption of previous level of payments to other survivors. If 
entitlement is not established for the additional survivor, benefits to 
other survivors that were reduced under paragraph (a) of this section 
will be resumed, if otherwise in order, from the date of the reduction 
in the benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1313, 5110(a), (e), 5112)

Sec.  5.545  Effective dates of awards and discontinuances of special 
monthly dependency and indemnity compensation.

    (a) Effective date of award--(1) General rule. Except as provided 
in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the

[[Page 71262]]

effective date of an award of special monthly dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) will be the later of:
    (i) The date VA receives the claim for special monthly DIC; or
    (ii) The date entitlement arose (as defined in Sec.  5.150).
    (2) Exception: retroactive award of DIC. When an award of DIC is 
effective for a period before the date of receipt of the claim and a 
claimant is also entitled to special monthly DIC at the time of that 
DIC award, the effective date of special monthly DIC will be the date 
entitlement to special monthly DIC arose.
    (b) Effective date of discontinuance--(1) Aid and attendance. When 
a parent or surviving spouse is no longer in need of regular aid and 
attendance, VA will discontinue special monthly DIC based upon the need 
for regular aid and attendance effective the first day of the month 
after the month for which VA last paid that benefit.
    (2) Housebound. When a surviving spouse is no longer housebound, VA 
will discontinue special monthly DIC based upon housebound status 
effective the first day of the month after the month for which VA last 
paid that benefit.
    (c) Special Monthly DIC. Special monthly DIC based on the need for 
regular aid and attendance is not payable to the surviving parent or 
surviving spouse while he or she is receiving hospital care as a 
veteran. VA will resume special monthly DIC based on the need for 
regular aid and attendance effective the day that he or she was 
discharged or released from hospital care. See Sec. Sec.  5.721 and 
5.761.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1311(c) and (d), 1315(g), 5110, 5112)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.511, Special monthly dependency and 
indemnity compensation.


Sec. Sec.  5.546-5.550  [Reserved]

Accrued Benefits


Sec.  5.551  Persons entitled to accrued benefits.

    (a) Scope. For purposes of entitlement to accrued benefits:
    (1) Child. (i) A person claiming entitlement to accrued benefits as 
a child must, on the date of the deceased beneficiary's death, have met 
the requirements of Sec.  5.220.
    (ii) This paragraph (a)(1)(ii) applies in a claim by a veteran's 
child who is at least age 18 but not yet age 23 and who was pursuing a 
course of instruction on the date of the deceased beneficiary's death. 
If such death occurred during a school vacation period and if school 
records show that the child was on the school rolls on the last day of 
the regular school term immediately before the date of the deceased 
beneficiary's death, then VA will consider the child to have been 
pursuing a course of instruction on the date of the death.
    (2) Dependent parent. A person claiming entitlement to accrued 
benefits as a dependent parent must, on the date of the veteran's 
death, have met the requirements of Sec. Sec.  5.238 and 5.300.
    (b) Limitations. This section is subject to Sec. Sec.  5.565, 
5.567, and 5.568, Non-payment of certain benefits upon death of an 
incompetent veteran. See also Sec.  5.592.
    (c) Deceased beneficiary was the veteran.--(1) Order of priority of 
accrued benefits payments. If the deceased beneficiary was the veteran, 
accrued benefits are payable to a living person or persons, in the 
following order of priority:
    (i) The veteran's surviving spouse. If the marriage between the 
veteran and the surviving spouse met the definition of marriage in 
Sec.  5.191, then the continuous cohabitation requirement in Sec.  
5.200(b)(3) does not apply.
    (ii) The veteran's surviving children (in equal shares).
    (iii) The veteran's surviving dependent parents (in equal shares).
    (2) No eligible claimant. If there is no eligible claimant, such 
accrued benefits are payable to the extent provided in paragraph (f) of 
this section.
    (d) Deceased beneficiary was the veteran's spouse--(1) Surviving 
spouse of a deceased veteran. If the deceased beneficiary was the 
surviving spouse or remarried surviving spouse of a deceased veteran, 
then VA may pay accrued benefits to the veteran's children in equal 
shares. If there is no child, then VA will pay accrued benefits as 
stated in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (2) Spouse of a living veteran. If the deceased beneficiary was the 
spouse of a living veteran, then VA will pay accrued benefits as stated 
in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (e) Deceased beneficiary was the veteran's child--(1) General rule. 
If the deceased beneficiary was the veteran's child, then VA may pay 
accrued benefits to the veteran's surviving child who is entitled to 
death pension or dependency and indemnity compensation. If there is no 
eligible claimant, such accrued benefits are payable to the extent 
provided in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (2) Surviving child who elected 38 U.S.C. chapter 35 educational 
benefits. A surviving child who has elected survivors' and dependents' 
educational assistance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 35 may receive benefits 
under paragraph (e)(1) of this section for periods before the beginning 
of benefits under chapter 35.
    (3) Deceased child's 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 benefits. If a child 
claiming benefits under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 dies, any accrued benefits 
resulting from such a claim are payable to the child's surviving 
parent. If there is no surviving parent, such accrued benefits are 
payable to the extent provided in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (f) No eligible claimant. If there is no eligible claimant under 
paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section, then VA may pay accrued 
benefits to the person who bore the expense of the deceased 
beneficiary's last sickness or burial, but only to the extent necessary 
to reimburse that person for such expense. VA will not pay accrued 
benefits to any political subdivision of the U.S.
    (g) Effect of failure to claim accrued benefits, or waiver of 
benefits, on rights of another claimant.--(1) Person with higher 
priority. If there is a living person with a higher priority when the 
beneficiary dies, VA will not pay accrued benefits to any person with a 
lower priority unless, no later than 1 year after the deceased 
beneficiary's death, the person with a higher priority dies, forfeits 
entitlement, or otherwise becomes disqualified. In such a case, VA will 
pay accrued benefits to the person next in priority if that person 
files a timely claim.
    (2) Person within a category of potential claimants. If there is a 
living person within a category of potential claimants (children, for 
example), VA will not pay that person's share of accrued benefits to 
anyone else within that category unless, no later than 1 year after the 
deceased beneficiary's death, that person dies, forfeits entitlement, 
or otherwise becomes disqualified. The other potential claimant must 
file a timely claim.
    (3) Applicability of paragraph (g). Paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of 
this section apply even if the ``living person'' referred to in those 
paragraphs fails to file a timely claim or waives rights to accrued 
benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(4)(A), 501(a), 5121(a); Sec. 104, Pub. L. 
108-183, 117 Stat. 2656)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``political 
subdivision of the U.S.''; Sec.  5.784, Special rules for apportioned 
benefits on death of beneficiary or apportionee.


Sec.  5.552  Claims for accrued benefits.

    (a) Time limit for filing. A claim for accrued benefits must be 
filed no later

[[Page 71263]]

than 1 year after the date of the deceased beneficiary's death.
    (b) Other claims accepted as a claim for accrued benefits. A claim 
filed with VA by, for, or on behalf of, an apportionee, surviving 
spouse, child, or parent for either of the following benefits will also 
be accepted as a claim for accrued benefits:
    (1) Death pension; or
    (2) Dependency and indemnity compensation.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5101(b), 5121(c))

Sec.  5.553  Notice of incomplete applications for accrued benefits.

    If an application for accrued benefits is incomplete because the 
claimant has not furnished information necessary to establish that he 
or she is within the category of persons eligible for benefits under 
Sec.  5.551, and if the claimant might be entitled to payment of any 
benefits that may have accrued, then VA will notify the claimant:
    (a) Of the type of information required to complete the 
application;
    (b) That VA will take no further action on the claim unless VA 
receives the required information; and
    (c) That if VA does not receive the required information no later 
than 1 year after the date of the original VA notification of 
information required, no benefits will be awarded on the basis of that 
application.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5121(c))

Sec.  5.554  Benefits payable as accrued benefits.

    (a) Qualifying benefits. VA may pay the following benefits as 
accrued benefits:
    (1) Clothing allowance under 38 U.S.C. 1162;
    (2) Service-connected disability compensation under 38 U.S.C. 
chapter 11;
    (3) Dependency and indemnity compensation under 38 U.S.C. chapter 
13;
    (4) Survivors' and dependents' educational assistance allowance or 
special restorative training allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 35;
    (5) Medal of Honor pension under 38 U.S.C. 1562;
    (6) Monetary benefits for an eligible child under 38 U.S.C. chapter 
18;
    (7) Pension, including death pension under 38 U.S.C. chapter 15;
    (8) Restored Entitlement Program for Survivors (REPS) benefits 
(Sec. 156, Public Law 97-377, 96 Stat.1920-22);
    (9) Subsistence allowance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 31; and
    (10) Veterans' educational assistance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 30, 
32, or 34 or 10 U.S.C. chapter 1606 or 1607.
    (b) Non-qualifying benefits. VA cannot pay the following benefits 
as accrued benefits:
    (1) Assistance in acquiring automobiles and adaptive equipment 
under 38 U.S.C. chapter 39;
    (2) Assistance in acquiring specially adapted housing under 38 
U.S.C. chapter 21;
    (3) Insurance under 38 U.S.C. chapter 19;
    (4) Naval pension under 10 U.S.C. 6160; and
    (5) Special allowance under 38 U.S.C. 1312(a).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5121(a))

Sec.  5.555  Relationship between accrued-benefits claims and claims 
filed by the deceased beneficiary.

    (a) Claim for accrued benefits results from the deceased 
beneficiary's entitlement. A claim for accrued benefits is an original 
claim, and is separate from any claim filed during the deceased 
beneficiary's lifetime, notwithstanding that the claimant's entitlement 
to accrued-benefits depends on the deceased beneficiary's entitlement.
    (b) Accrued-benefits claimant bound by existing decisions. A 
claimant for accrued benefits is bound by any existing benefits 
decision(s) on claims by the deceased beneficiary concerning those 
benefits to the same extent that the deceased beneficiary was (or would 
have been) bound by such decision(s).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5101, 5121, 7104(b), 7105(c))

Sec. Sec.  5.556-5.563  [Reserved]

Special Provisions


Sec.  5.564  Cancellation of checks mailed to a deceased payee; payment 
of such funds as accrued benefits.

    (a) Disposition of checks mailed to a deceased payee: general 
rules--(1) VA benefit checks not negotiated by a deceased payee must be 
returned. Upon the death of a beneficiary, unnegotiated VA benefit 
checks must be returned to the issuing office and canceled, subject to 
Sec.  5.695 (permitting, under specific circumstances, a surviving 
spouse to negotiate a check for the month in which the veteran died). 
Upon their return, funds represented by such checks may be paid under 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (2) Payment of benefits where a deceased payee died on or after the 
last day of the period covered by the check. If the payee died on or 
after the last day of the period covered by the returned check(s), VA 
will pay the amount represented on the returned check (or any amount 
recovered by VA after improper negotiation of such check(s)), to the 
payee's survivor under Sec.  5.551(b) through (e), irrespective of 
whether the survivor files a claim. Any amount not paid in this manner 
will be paid to the estate of the deceased beneficiary, provided that 
the estate will not escheat (that is, revert to a governmental entity).
    (3) Deceased payee was not alive on the last day of the period 
covered by the check. If the payee was not alive on the last day of the 
period covered by the check, such funds cannot be paid under this 
section.
    (b) Payment to a claimant having a lower order of priority. If a 
survivor having a higher order of priority dies, then VA will pay a 
claimant having a lower order of priority under Sec.  5.551(b) through 
(e), Persons entitled to accrued benefits, as applicable, if it is 
shown that the person or persons having a higher order of priority are 
deceased at the time the claim is adjudicated.
    (c) Payment of amounts withheld during hospitalization. This 
section does not apply to checks for lump sums representing amounts 
withheld under Sec.  3.551(b) of this chapter as in effect prior to the 
applicability date of this part 5 or Sec.  5.727, or withheld before 
December 27, 2001, under former Sec.  3.557 of this chapter (which 
concerned reduction of benefits when an incompetent veteran is 
hospitalized). These amounts are governed by Sec. Sec.  5.567 and 
5.568.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5122; Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 
Stat. 2497)

Sec.  5.565  Special rules for payment of benefits on deposit in a 
special deposit account when a payee living in a foreign country dies.

    (a) Purpose. Benefit payments will not be sent to a payee living in 
a foreign country if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that 
there is no reasonable assurance the payee will receive the benefit 
check or will be able to negotiate it for full value. See Sec. Sec.  
5.714 and 5.715. Up to $1,000 of such benefit payments may be deposited 
in an account entitled ``Secretary of the Treasury, Proceeds of 
Withheld Foreign Checks'' (special deposit account). This section 
describes who is entitled to the funds in that account when the payee 
dies, when to file a claim for those funds, and certain restrictions on 
payment.
    (b) Persons entitled to funds in special deposit account upon death 
of payee. When the payee of a check for pension or disability 
compensation dies, the deceased payee's funds in the special deposit 
account are payable as follows:
    (1) If the deceased payee was the veteran, to the surviving spouse 
or, if there is no surviving spouse, to children

[[Page 71264]]

of the veteran under 18 years of age on the date of the veteran's death 
in equal shares;
    (2) If the deceased payee was the veteran's surviving spouse, to 
children of the spouse under 18 years of age on the date of the 
spouse's death in equal shares;
    (3) If the deceased payee was the recipient of an apportioned share 
of the veteran's pension or disability compensation, to the veteran to 
the extent the special deposit account consists of such apportionment 
payments; or
    (4) In any other case, to the person who bore the expense of the 
burial of the payee, but only to the extent necessary to reimburse that 
person for such expenses.
    (c) Time limit for filing claims and evidence. (1) A claim for the 
funds in the special deposit account must be received by VA no later 
than 1 year after the date of the payee's death.
    (2) The claimant must file necessary evidence in support of the 
claim no later than 6 months after the date VA requests that evidence.
    (d) Other restrictions. (1) Payment made under this section is 
limited to amounts due on the date of the payee's death under decisions 
existing on the date of the death.
    (2) Payment will be made under this section only if both the 
deceased beneficiary and the claimant have not been guilty of mutiny, 
treason, sabotage, or rendering assistance to an enemy of the U.S. or 
an enemy of any ally of the U.S.

(Authority: 31 U.S.C. 3329, 3330; 38 U.S.C. 5309)

Sec.  5.566  Special rules for payment of all benefits except insurance 
payments deposited in a personal-funds-of-patients account when an 
incompetent veteran dies.

    (a) Purpose. This section provides rules relating to the 
disposition of certain funds on deposit in a personal-funds-of-patients 
(PFOP) account for a veteran who was incompetent at the date of his or 
her death and who died after November 30, 1959.
    (b) Funds included. The funds included are those on deposit in the 
PFOP account on the date of the veteran's death that were derived from 
any benefits except insurance payments deposited in the account by VA. 
Funds derived from such deposits are those that resulted from the VA 
deposits, even though there may have been an intervening change in the 
form of the asset. For example, if amounts representing any benefits 
except insurance payments deposited by VA are withdrawn to purchase 
bonds on the veteran's behalf and redeposited upon the maturity of the 
bonds, an amount equal to the amount withdrawn for the purchase will be 
considered as derived from the deposits.
    (c) Funds excluded. This section does not apply to the disposition 
of:
    (1) Amounts resulting from funds deposited in the PFOP account by 
the veteran or others besides VA, regardless of the source of the 
deposit; or
    (2) Amounts, such as interest, representing an increase in the 
value of funds originally deposited by VA.
    (d) Eligible persons. The funds described in paragraph (b) of this 
section will be paid to a person, or persons, living at the time of 
settlement (that is, when VA pays out the PFOP account) in the 
following priority:
    (1) The veteran's surviving spouse. If the marriage between the 
veteran and the surviving spouse meets the definition of marriage in 
Sec.  5.191, then the continuous cohabitation requirement in Sec.  
5.200(b)(3) does not apply.
    (2) The veteran's surviving children, as defined in Sec.  5.220 in 
equal shares, but without regard to their age or marital status.
    (3) The veteran's parents, as defined in Sec.  5.238, who on the 
date of the veteran's death were dependent within the meaning of Sec.  
5.300, in equal shares.
    (4) If no recipient listed in paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this 
section is living at the time of settlement, the person who bore the 
expense of the veteran's last sickness or burial, but only to the 
extent necessary to reimburse that person for such expense.
    (e) Claims for funds governed by this section--(1) Time limit for 
filing. A person eligible for the funds governed by this section must 
file a claim for the funds with VA no later than 5 years after the 
death of the veteran. However, if any person otherwise entitled is 
under legal disability on the date of the veteran's death, the 5-year 
period will run from the date of termination or removal of the legal 
disability.
    (2) Submission of evidence. There is no time limit for filing 
evidence of entitlement to the funds governed by this section.
    (3) Effect of failure to claim funds, or waiver of claim, on rights 
of another claimant. (i) If there is a living person with a higher 
priority, VA will not pay funds governed by this section to any person 
with a lower priority unless, within 5 years after the veteran's death, 
the person with higher priority dies, forfeits entitlement, or 
otherwise becomes disqualified. In such a case, VA will pay such funds 
to the person next in priority if that person files a timely claim.
    (ii) If there is a living person within a category of potential 
claimants (children, for example), VA will not pay that person's share 
of funds governed by this section to anyone else within that category 
unless, within 5 years after the veteran's death, that person dies, 
forfeits entitlement, or otherwise becomes disqualified. The other 
potential claimants must file timely claims.
    (iii) Paragraphs (e)(3)(i) and (ii) apply even if the ``living 
person'' referred to in those paragraphs fails to file a timely claim 
or waives rights to funds governed by this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5502(d))

Sec.  5.567  Special rules for payment of Old-Law Pension when a 
hospitalized competent veteran dies.

    (a) Basic entitlement. Amounts withheld on a running award of Old-
Law Pension, under the provisions of Sec.  3.551(b) of this chapter as 
in effect before the applicability date of this part 5 or under Sec.  
5.727, are payable in a lump sum after a competent veteran's death, if 
the amounts were not paid to the veteran under Sec.  5.730. The lump 
sum is payable only to the living person first listed below:
    (1) The veteran's surviving spouse. If the marriage between the 
veteran and the surviving spouse meets the definition of marriage in 
Sec.  5.191, then the continuous cohabitation requirement in Sec.  
5.200(b)(3), does not apply.
    (2) The veteran's surviving children, as defined in Sec.  5.220 in 
equal shares, but without regard to their age or marital status.
    (3) The veteran's parents, as defined in Sec.  5.238, who on the 
date of the veteran's death were dependent within the meaning of Sec.  
5.300, in equal shares.
    (4) If no recipient listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this 
section is living at the time of settlement, the person who bore the 
expense of the veteran's last sickness or burial, but only to the 
extent necessary to reimburse that person for such expense.
    (b) Claims for funds governed by this section--(1) Time limit for 
filing. A person eligible for the funds governed by this section must 
file a claim for the funds with VA no later than 5 years after the 
death of the veteran. However, if any person otherwise entitled is 
under legal disability on the date of the veteran's death, the 5-year 
period will run from the date of termination or removal of the legal 
disability.
    (2) Submission of evidence. There is no time limit for filing 
evidence of

[[Page 71265]]

entitlement to the funds governed by this section.
    (3) Effect of failure to claim funds, or waiver of claim, on rights 
of another claimant.--(i) Person with higher priority. If there is a 
living person with a higher priority, VA will not pay funds governed by 
this section to any person with a lower priority unless, within 5 years 
after the veteran's death, the person with a higher priority dies, 
forfeits entitlement, or otherwise becomes disqualified. In such a 
case, VA will pay such funds to the person next in priority if that 
person files a timely claim.
    (ii) Person within a category of potential claimants. If there is a 
living person within a category of potential claimants (children, for 
example), VA will not pay that person's share of funds governed by this 
section to anyone else within that category unless, within 5 years 
after the veteran's death, that person dies, forfeits entitlement, or 
otherwise becomes disqualified. The other potential claimants must file 
timely claims.
    (iii) Applicability of paragraph (b)(3). Paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and 
(ii) of this section apply even if the ``living person'' referred to in 
those paragraphs fails to file a timely claim or waives rights to funds 
governed by this section.
    (c) Lump sum withheld after discharge from institution. The 
provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section will apply even in 
the event of the death of any veteran prior to receiving a lump sum 
that was withheld because treatment or care was terminated against 
medical advice or as the result of disciplinary action.
    (d) VA benefit checks not negotiated by a deceased payee. The 
provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section will apply even in 
cases in which a check was issued and the veteran died before 
negotiating the check.

(Authority: Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2497)

Sec.  5.568  Non-payment of certain benefits upon death of an 
incompetent veteran.

    (a) Old-Law Pension. If an award of Old-Law Pension for an 
incompetent veteran was reduced under Sec.  3.551(b) of this chapter as 
in effect before the applicability date of this part 5 or Sec.  5.727, 
and the veteran dies before payment of amounts withheld or not paid, no 
part of such amount will be paid to any person.
    (b) Award of disability pension, disability compensation, or 
emergency officers' retired pay. If VA discontinued an award of 
disability pension, disability compensation, or emergency officers' 
retired pay under former Sec.  3.557(b) of this part (as applicable 
prior to December 27, 2001) because the veteran was hospitalized by the 
U.S. or a political subdivision and had an estate which equaled or 
exceeded the statutory maximum and the veteran dies before payment of 
amounts withheld or not paid because of such care, VA will pay no part 
of such amount to any person.
    (c) Applicability. The provisions of this section apply to amounts 
withheld for periods prior to, as well as subsequent to, the VA's 
determination of incompetency. The term ``dies before payment'' 
includes cases in which a check was issued and the veteran died before 
negotiating the check.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5503, as in effect prior to December 27, 2001; 
Sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 Stat. 2497)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``political 
subdivision of the U.S.''


Sec. Sec.  5.569-5.579  [Reserved]

Subpart H--Special and Ancillary Benefits for Veterans, Dependents, 
and Survivors

Special Benefits for Veterans, Dependents, and Survivors


Sec.  5.580  Medal of Honor pension.

    (a) Placement on the Medal of Honor Roll. The Secretaries of the 
Departments of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Homeland Security 
determine entitlement to placement on the Medal of Honor Roll and issue 
certificates setting forth the right to receive Medal of Honor pension. 
VA will pay the Medal of Honor pension after the Secretary concerned 
delivers VA a certified copy of the certificate.
    (b) Amount and effective date of Medal of Honor pension and 
entitlement to a retroactive lump-sum payment--(1) Effective date of 
monthly pension. The effective date of monthly payment of a Medal of 
Honor pension is the date the service department concerned received the 
servicemember's or veteran's form requesting placement on the Medal of 
Honor Roll.
    (2) Monthly rate. VA will pay a Medal of Honor pension at the rate 
specified in 38 U.S.C. 1562, as adjusted under paragraph (c)(4) of this 
section.
    (3) Retroactive lump-sum payment. VA will pay to each servicemember 
or veteran who receives a Medal of Honor pension, a retroactive lump-
sum payment for the period beginning the first day of the month after 
the date of the event for which the veteran earned the Medal of Honor, 
and ending on the last day of the month before the month in which the 
pension commenced under paragraph (b)(1) of this section. VA will 
calculate the amount of the lump-sum payment using the Medal of Honor 
pension rates in effect for each year of the period for which the 
retroactive payment is made.
    (4) Automatic annual adjustment. VA will, effective December 1 of 
each year, increase the monthly Medal of Honor pension by the same 
percentage by which benefit amounts payable under Title II of the 
Social Security Act are increased effective December 1 of that year. 
The current and historic rates are located on the Internet at http://www.va.gov and are available from any VA regional office.
    (c) Medal of Honor pension exempt from offset, attachment, or other 
legal process. The Medal of Honor pension is paid in addition to all 
other payments under laws of the U.S. It is not subject to any 
attachment, execution, levy, tax lien, or detention under any process 
whatever.
    (d) Only one Medal of Honor pension is allowed. VA will pay a 
servicemember or veteran only one Medal of Honor pension under this 
section, even if the servicemember or veteran is awarded more than one 
Medal of Honor.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1560, 1561, 1562)

Sec.  5.581  Awards of benefits based on special acts or private laws.

    (a) Special act means an act of Congress that authorizes VA to pay 
benefits to a particular person. Special acts are also known as private 
laws.
    (b) Claim must be filed. VA will grant benefits based on a special 
act only to a person who files a claim based on the special act, unless 
the person:
    (1) Is currently receiving benefits; or
    (2) Has a pending claim for any benefit at the time that the 
special act becomes effective.
    (c) Special acts relating to military service--(1) Change to 
character of discharge or release. If a special act corrects the 
character of discharge or release from military service and does not 
grant pension or disability compensation directly, the claimant 
acquires veteran status and may apply for and be granted benefits.
    (2) Special act as conclusive proof of service. For VA purposes, a 
special act that states a veteran's service began on a particular date 
or dates and that the veteran was discharged under conditions other 
than dishonorable on a particular date is conclusive proof of such 
service.
    (d) Rate, effective date, and duration of benefit. (1) VA will 
apply the rate, effective date, and discontinuance date specified in a 
special act, except as

[[Page 71266]]

provided in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (2) When a special act does not provide the effective date VA will 
determine the effective date according to Sec.  5.152.
    (e) Changes in rates--(1) Hospital care. VA will adjust pension 
payable under a special act, pursuant to Sec. Sec.  5.720 through 
5.723, 5.726, and 5.728 (reduction of payments based on hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care), unless the special act expressly 
prohibits such reduction.
    (2) Incarceration and fugitive felon. VA will adjust disability 
compensation and pension payable under a special act, pursuant to 
Sec. Sec.  5.810 through 5.815, and 5.817 (reduction of payments during 
incarceration or suspension of payments while a fugitive felon), unless 
the special act expressly prohibits such reduction.
    (f) Prohibition against duplicate awards. When pension or 
disability compensation is authorized by a special act, VA will not pay 
any other pension or disability compensation to the extent such awards 
would be duplicative under 38 U.S.C. 5304, unless the payee makes an 
election or unless the special act expressly authorizes VA to do so. 
See Sec. Sec.  5.24(c)(3), 5.464, 5.746, 5.747, 5.756, 5.761, and 
5.762.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1505, 5313, 5313B, 5503)

Sec.  5.582  Naval pension.

    (a) Certification. VA will pay naval pension if the Secretary of 
the Navy certifies that the person is entitled to the pension.
    (b) Concurrent receipt of awards in effect before July 14, 1943. 
Awards of naval pension in effect before July 14, 1943, or renewed or 
continued awards may be paid concurrently with VA pension or disability 
compensation; however, naval pension allowance under 10 U.S.C. 6160 may 
not exceed one-fourth of the rate of VA pension or disability 
compensation otherwise payable, exclusive of additional allowances for 
dependents or specific disabilities.
    (c) No concurrent receipt of awards initially made after July 13, 
1943. Naval pension initially awarded after July 13, 1943, may not be 
paid concurrently with VA pension or disability compensation.
    (d) Naval pension not payable as accrued benefit. Naval pension 
remaining unpaid at the date of the veteran's death is not payable by 
VA as an accrued benefit.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1414, 6160; 38 U.S.C. 5304)

Sec.  5.583  Special allowance under 38 U.S.C. 1312.

    (a) Allowance payable. This section applies to VA payment of a 
special allowance to the surviving dependent of a veteran who:
    (1) Served after September 15, 1940;
    (2) Died after December 31, 1956, as a result of such service; and
    (3) Was not a fully and currently insured person under title II of 
the Social Security Act.
    (b) Allowance not payable. The special allowance is not payable:
    (1) Where the veteran's death is not service connected but is 
treated ``as if'' it were service connected under the provisions of 38 
U.S.C. 1151. See Sec.  5.510(b)(2) and (3); or
    (2) Where the veteran's death was due to service in the 
Commonwealth Army of the Philippines while such forces were in the 
service of the Armed Forces pursuant to the military order of the 
President dated July 26, 1941, or in the New Philippine Scouts under 
sec. 14 of Public Law 79-190, 59 Stat. 543.
    (c) Claims for special allowance. A claim for dependency and 
indemnity compensation will be accepted as a claim for the special 
allowance where VA determines that the special allowance is payable or 
where VA receives a specific inquiry concerning entitlement to the 
special allowance.
    (d) Certification by the Social Security Administration. Payment of 
this special allowance will be authorized on the basis of a 
certification from the Social Security Administration, after VA 
receives a claim. Award actions subsequent to the original award, 
including adjustment and discontinuance, will be made in accordance 
with new certifications from the Social Security Administration.
    (e) Special allowance payable on death. (1) The special allowance 
will be payable only if the death occurred:
    (i) While on active duty, active duty for training, or inactive 
duty training as a member of a uniformed service (regardless of whether 
the death occurred in the line of duty); or
    (ii) As the result of a service-connected disability incurred after 
September 15, 1940.
    (2) Where the veteran died after separation from service:
    (i) Discharge from service must have been under conditions other 
than dishonorable, as outlined in Sec.  5.30; and
    (ii) Line of duty and service connection will be determined as 
outlined in Subpart K, Matters Affecting the Receipt of Benefits, of 
this part.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107, 1312)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``uniformed 
services''.


Sec.  5.584  Loan guaranty for a surviving spouse: eligibility 
requirements.

    VA will provide a certification of loan guaranty benefits to a 
surviving spouse based on a claim filed after December 31, 1958, if all 
of the following conditions are met:
    (a) The veteran served in the Armed Forces of the U.S. (Allied 
Nations are not included) at any time after September 15, 1940;
    (b)(1) The veteran died in service; or
    (2) The veteran died after separation from service and the 
separation was under conditions other than dishonorable, provided the 
veteran's death was the result of injury or disease incurred in or 
aggravated by service in the line of duty rendered after September 15, 
1940, regardless of the date of entrance into such service (cases where 
the veteran's death is not service connected but is treated ``as if'' 
it were service connected, under 38 U.S.C. 1318, or where disability 
compensation is payable because of death resulting from 
hospitalization, treatment, examination, or training, under 38 U.S.C. 
1151, are not included);
    (c) The surviving spouse meets the requirements of the term 
``surviving spouse'' as outlined in Sec.  5.200(a);
    (d) The surviving spouse is unmarried or remarried after reaching 
age 57; and
    (e) The surviving spouse is not eligible for a loan guaranty 
certification as a veteran in his or her own right.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3701(b)(2))

Sec.  5.585  Certification for death gratuity.

    Section 1476, title 10 United States Code authorizes a service 
department to pay a death gratuity for death of a servicemember after 
discharge or release from training. Entitlement to the death gratuity 
is contingent upon the findings in this section, certified by the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs to the Secretaries of the Departments of 
the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Homeland Security.
    (a) Certification by VA to the Secretary concerned. If VA 
determines, either on the basis of a claim for benefits or at the 
request of the Secretary concerned, that a death occurred under the 
following circumstances, VA will certify to the Secretary concerned:
    (1) The veteran died after December 31, 1956;
    (2) The veteran died during the 120-day period that began on the 
day after the day of his or her discharge or release from duty as 
described in 10 U.S.C. 1476;
    (3) Death resulted from injury or disease incurred or aggravated 
while on such duty, or travel to or from such duty; and

[[Page 71267]]

    (4) The veteran was discharged or released from such service under 
conditions other than dishonorable.
    (b) VA law applies. VA will apply the standards, criteria, and 
procedures for determining the incurrence or aggravation of an injury 
or disease under paragraph (a) of this section under the disability 
compensation laws administered by VA, except that there is no 
requirement under this section that any incurrence or aggravation was 
in the line of duty.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1476; 38 U.S.C. 1323)

Sec.  5.586  Certification for dependents' educational assistance.

    (a) Eligibility for dependents' educational assistance (DEA). DEA 
is an education benefit, payable to a veteran's spouse, surviving 
spouse, or child, that VA is authorized to provide for certain classes, 
licenses, or certifications. See Sec. Sec.  21.3020 through 21.3344 of 
this chapter. In addition to paragraphs (b) through (d) of this 
section, Sec.  21.3021 of this chapter will be applied in a 
determination of eligibility for DEA. For purposes of this section, the 
term child means a veteran's child who meets the requirements of Sec.  
5.220, except as to age and marital status.
    (b) Service connection. The standards and criteria for determining 
service connection, either direct or presumptive, are those applicable 
to the period of service during which the disability was incurred or 
aggravated.
    (c) Disabilities treated as if service connected--(1) Paired organs 
or extremities. For purposes of eligibility for DEA, a ``service-
connected disability'' includes a disability treated as if service 
connected under Sec.  5.282.
    (2) Disability due to hospitalization, etc. For purposes of 
eligibility for DEA, a ``service-connected disability'' does not 
include a disability treated as if service connected under Sec.  5.350.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3501(a))

Sec.  5.587  Minimum income annuity and gratuitous annuity.

    (a) Eligibility for minimum income annuity. The minimum income 
annuity authorized by Public Law 92-425, 86 Stat. 706, as amended, is 
payable to a person:
    (1) Who the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland 
Security, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the 
Department of Commerce has determined meets the eligibility criteria of 
sec. 4(a) of Public Law 92-425, 86 Stat. 712, as amended, other than 
sec. 4(a)(1) and (2);
    (2) Who is eligible for pension under subchapter III of 38 U.S.C. 
chapter 15, or section 306 of the Veterans' and Survivors' Pension 
Improvement Act of 1978; and
    (3) Whose annual income, as determined in establishing pension 
eligibility, is less than the maximum annual rate of pension in effect 
under 38 U.S.C. 1541(b).
    (b) Calculation of the minimum income annuity payment--(1) Annual 
income. VA will determine a beneficiary's annual income for minimum 
income annuity purposes under the provisions of Sec. Sec.  5.370, 5.410 
through 5.413, and 5.423 for beneficiaries receiving Improved Pension, 
or under Sec. Sec.  5.472 through 5.474 for beneficiaries receiving 
Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension, except that VA will exclude the 
amount of the minimum income annuity from the calculation.
    (2) Determining rate of annuity for a person entitled to Improved 
Pension. VA will determine the minimum income annuity payment for a 
beneficiary entitled to Improved Pension by subtracting the annual 
income for minimum income annuity purposes from the maximum annual 
pension rate under 38 U.S.C. 1541(b).
    (3) Determining rate of annuity for a person entitled to Old-Law 
Pension and Section 306 Pension. VA will determine the minimum income 
annuity payment for a beneficiary receiving Old-Law Pension and Section 
306 Pension by reducing the maximum annual pension rate under 38 U.S.C. 
1541(b) by the amount of the Retired Servicemen's Family Protection 
Plan benefit, if any, that the beneficiary receives and subtracting 
from that amount the annual income for minimum income annuity purposes.
    (4) Recalculation. VA will recalculate the monthly minimum income 
annuity payment whenever there is a change to the maximum annual rate 
of pension in effect under 38 U.S.C. 1541(b), and whenever there is a 
change in the beneficiary's income.
    (c) Exception as to the requirement of pension eligibility. A 
person otherwise eligible for pension under subchapter III of 38 U.S.C. 
chapter 15, or section 306 of the Veterans' and Survivors' Pension 
Improvement Act of 1978, will still be considered eligible for pension 
for purposes of determining eligibility for the minimum income annuity, 
even though no amount of pension is payable after adding the minimum 
income annuity, authorized under Public Law 92-425, 86 Stat. 706, as 
amended, to any other countable income.
    (d) Concurrent receipt of gratuitous annuity under Public Law 100-
456. If the Department of Defense or the Department of Homeland 
Security, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the 
Department of Commerce determines that a minimum income annuitant also 
is entitled to the gratuitous annuity authorized by Public Law 100-456, 
102 Stat. 1918, as amended, which is payable to certain surviving 
spouses of servicemembers who died before November 1, 1953, and were 
entitled to retired or retainer pay on the date of death, VA will 
combine the payment of the gratuitous annuity with the minimum income 
annuity payment.
    (e) Discontinuance. Other than as provided in paragraph (c) of this 
section, if a beneficiary receiving the minimum income annuity becomes 
ineligible for pension, VA will discontinue the minimum income annuity 
effective the same date.

(Authority: Sec. 4, Pub. L. 92-425, 86 Stat. 706, 712, as amended 
(10 U.S.C. 1448 note); Sec. 653, Pub. L. 100-456, 102 Stat. 1918, 
1991, as amended (10 U.S.C. 1448 note))

Sec.  5.588  Special allowance payable under section 156 of Public Law 
97-377.

    A surviving spouse or child of a veteran who either died on active 
duty before August 13, 1981, or died as a result of a service-connected 
disability that was incurred or aggravated before August 13, 1981, may 
be entitled to receive a special allowance to replace social security 
benefits that were reduced or discontinued by the Omnibus Budget 
Reconciliation Act of 1981.
    (a) Eligibility requirements.--(1) Determination on how death 
occurred. VA must first determine that the person on whose earnings 
record the claim is based either died on active duty before August 13, 
1981, or died as a result of a service-connected disability that was 
incurred or aggravated before August 13, 1981. For purposes of this 
determination, character of discharge is not a factor for consideration 
and death on active duty after August 12, 1981, is qualifying provided 
that the death resulted from a service-connected disability that was 
incurred or aggravated before August 13, 1981.
    (2) Determination under Public Law 97-377. Once a favorable 
determination has been made under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, VA 
will make determinations as to the age, relationship, and school-
attendance requirements contained in paragraphs (a)(1) and (b)(1) of 
sec. 156 of Public Law 97-377, 96 Stat. 1920. In making these 
eligibility determinations, VA will apply the provisions of the Social 
Security Act, and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, as in 
effect during the claimant's period of

[[Page 71268]]

eligibility. Unless otherwise provided in this section, when issues are 
raised concerning eligibility or entitlement to this special allowance 
that VA cannot appropriately resolve under the provisions of the Social 
Security Act, or the regulations promulgated pursuant to the Social 
Security Act, the provisions of title 38, Code of Federal Regulations, 
are applicable.
    (b) Calculation of payment rate--(1) Basic entitlement rate. A 
basic entitlement rate will be calculated for each eligible claimant in 
accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (a)(2) and (b)(2) of sec. 
156 of Public Law 97-377, 96 Stat. 1920, using data to be provided by 
the Social Security Administration. This basic entitlement rate will 
then be used to calculate the monthly payment rate as described in 
paragraphs (b)(2) through (6) of this section.
    (2) Original or reopened awards to a surviving spouse. The monthly 
payment rate will be equal to the basic entitlement rate increased by 
the overall average percentage (rounded to the nearest tenth of a 
percent) of each legislative increase in dependency and indemnity 
compensation rates under 38 U.S.C. 1311 which became effective 
concurrently with or subsequent to the effective date of the earliest 
adjustment under section 215(i) of the Social Security Act that was 
disregarded in computing the basic entitlement rate.
    (3) Original and reopened awards to a child. The monthly payment 
rate will be equal to the basic entitlement rate increased by the 
overall average percentage (rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent) 
of each legislative increase in the rates of educational assistance 
allowance under 38 U.S.C. 3531(b) which became effective concurrently 
with or subsequent to the effective date of the earliest adjustment 
under section 215(i) of the Social Security Act that was disregarded in 
computing the basic entitlement rate.
    (4) Subsequent legislative increases in rates. The monthly rate of 
the special allowance payable to a surviving spouse will be increased 
by the same overall average percentage increase (rounded to the nearest 
tenth of a percent) and on the same effective date as any legislative 
increase in the rates payable under 38 U.S.C. 1311. The monthly rate of 
the special allowance payable to a child will be increased by the same 
overall average percentage increase (rounded to the nearest tenth of a 
percent) and on the same effective date as any legislative increase in 
the rates payable under 38 U.S.C. 3531(b).
    (5) Amendment of awards. Prompt action will be taken to amend any 
award of this special allowance to conform with evidence indicating a 
change in basic eligibility, any basic entitlement rate, or any 
effective date previously determined. It is the claimant's 
responsibility to promptly notify VA of any change in his or her status 
or employment that affects eligibility or entitlement.
    (6) Rounding of monthly rates. Any monthly rate calculated under 
the provisions of this paragraph (b), if not a multiple of $1, will be 
rounded to the next lower multiple of $1.
    (c) Claimant not entitled to this special allowance. The following 
persons are not entitled to this special allowance for the reasons 
indicated:
    (1) A claimant eligible for death benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1151. 
The death in such a case is not service connected.
    (2) A claimant eligible for death benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1318. 
The death in such a case is not service connected.
    (3) A claimant whose claim is based on a person's service in:
    (i) The Commonwealth Army of the Philippines while such forces were 
in the service of the Armed Forces pursuant to the military order of 
the President dated July 26, 1941, including recognized guerrilla 
forces (see 38 U.S.C. 107);
    (ii) The New Philippine Scouts under sec. 14 of Public Law 79-190, 
59 Stat. 543 (see 38 U.S.C. 107);
    (iii) The commissioned corps of the Public Health Service 
(specifically excluded by sec. 156, Public Law 97-377, 96 Stat. 1920); 
or
    (iv) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
(specifically excluded by sec. 156, Public Law 97-377, 96 Stat. 1920).
    (d) Appellate jurisdiction. VA has appellate jurisdiction of all 
determinations made in connection with this special allowance.
    (e) Claims. A claimant for this special allowance must file an 
application. If VA receives an informal communication from a claimant 
about this special allowance, VA will forward an application to the 
claimant.
    (f) Retroactivity and effective dates. There is no time limit for 
filing a claim for this special allowance. Upon the filing of a claim, 
the effective date of an award or increased award of benefits begins on 
or after the first day of the month in which the claimant first became 
eligible for this special allowance, except that no payment may be made 
for any period before January 1, 1983.

(Authority: Sec. 156, Pub. L. 97-377, 96 Stat. 1920)

Sec.  5.589  Monetary allowance for a Vietnam veteran or a veteran with 
covered service in Korea whose child was born with spina bifida.

    (a) Monthly monetary allowance. VA will pay a monthly monetary 
allowance under subchapter I of 38 U.S.C. chapter 18, based upon the 
level of disability as determined under paragraph (d) of this section, 
to or for a person who VA has determined to be a person suffering from 
spina bifida whose biological mother or father is or was a Vietnam 
veteran or a veteran with covered service in Korea. A person suffering 
from spina bifida is entitled to only one monthly allowance under this 
section, even if each of the person's biological parents is or was 
Vietnam veterans or veterans with covered service in Korea. Whenever 
there is a cost-of-living increase in benefit amounts payable under 
section 215(i) of Title II of the Social Security Act, VA will, 
effective on the dates such increases become effective, increase by the 
same percentage the monthly allowance rates under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18.
    (b) No effect on other VA benefits. Receipt of a monetary allowance 
under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 will not affect the right of the person, or 
the right of any claimant or beneficiary, to receive any other benefit 
to which he or she may be entitled under any law administered by VA.
    (c) Definitions--(1) Vietnam veteran. For purposes of this section, 
the term Vietnam veteran means a person who performed active military 
service in the Republic of Vietnam during the period beginning on 
January 9, 1962, and ending on May 7, 1975, without regard to the 
person's character of discharge. For the definition of ``service in the 
Republic of Vietnam,'' see Sec.  5.262(a)(1).
    (2) Veteran with covered service in Korea. For purposes of this 
section, the term veteran with covered service in Korea means a person 
who served in the active military service in or near the Korean 
Demilitarized Zone (``DMZ'') between September 1, 1967, and August 31, 
1971, and who is determined by VA, in consultation with the Department 
of Defense, to have been exposed to an herbicide agent during such 
service. Exposure to an herbicide agent will be conceded if the veteran 
served between April 1, 1968, and August 31, 1971, in a unit that, as 
determined by the Department of Defense, operated in or near the Korean 
DMZ in an area in which herbicides are known to have been applied 
during that period, unless there is affirmative evidence to establish 
that the veteran was not exposed to any such agent during that service.

[[Page 71269]]

    (3) Person. For purposes of this section, the term person means a 
person, regardless of age or marital status, whose biological father or 
mother is or was a Vietnam veteran or a veteran with covered service in 
Korea and who was conceived after the date on which the veteran first 
served in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam era or had covered 
service in Korea. Notwithstanding the provisions of Sec.  5.181(b), VA 
will require the types of evidence specified in Sec. Sec.  5.221 and 
5.229 to establish that a person is the biological son or daughter of a 
Vietnam veteran or a veteran with covered service in Korea.
    (4) Spina bifida. For purposes of this section, the term spina 
bifida means any form and manifestation of spina bifida except spina 
bifida occulta.
    (d) Disability ratings. (1) Determining the level of payment. 
Except as otherwise specified in this paragraph (d), VA will determine 
the level of payment as follows:
    (i) Level I. The person walks without braces or other external 
support as his or her primary means of mobility in the community, has 
no sensory or motor impairment of the upper extremities, has an IQ of 
90 or higher, and is continent of urine and feces without the use of 
medication or other means to control incontinence.
    (ii) Level II. Provided that none of the disabilities is severe 
enough to warrant payment at Level III, and the person:
    (A) Walks with braces or other external support as his or her 
primary means of mobility in the community;
    (B) Has sensory or motor impairment of the upper extremities, but 
is able to grasp a pen, feed himself or herself, and perform self care;
    (C) Has an IQ of at least 70 but less than 90;
    (D) Requires medication or other means to control the effects of 
urinary bladder impairment and no more than two times per week is 
unable to remain dry for at least 3 hours at a time during waking 
hours;
    (E) Requires bowel management techniques or other treatment to 
control the effects of bowel impairment, but does not have fecal 
leakage severe or frequent enough to require wearing of absorbent 
materials at least 4 days a week; or
    (F) Has a colostomy that does not require wearing a bag.
    (iii) Level III.
    (A) The person uses a wheelchair as his or her primary means of 
mobility in the community;
    (B) Has sensory or motor impairment of the upper extremities severe 
enough to prevent grasping a pen, feeding himself or herself, and 
performing self care;
    (C) Has an IQ of 69 or less;
    (D) Despite the use of medication or other means to control the 
effects of urinary bladder impairment, at least three times per week is 
unable to remain dry for 3 hours at a time during waking hours;
    (E) Despite bowel management techniques or other treatment to 
control the effects of bowel impairment, has fecal leakage severe or 
frequent enough to require wearing of absorbent materials at least 4 
days a week;
    (F) Regularly requires manual evacuation or digital stimulation to 
empty the bowel; or
    (G) Has a colostomy that requires wearing a bag.
    (2) Ratings by Director of the Compensation Service. If a person 
who would otherwise be paid at Level I or II has one or more 
disabilities, such as blindness, uncontrolled seizures, or renal 
failure that result either from spina bifida, or from treatment 
procedures for spina bifida, the Director of the Compensation Service 
may increase the monthly payment to the level that, in his or her 
judgment, best represents the extent to which the disabilities 
resulting from spina bifida limit the person's ability to engage in 
ordinary day-to-day activities, including, but not limited to, 
activities outside his or her residence. A Level II or Level III 
payment will be awarded depending on whether the effects of a 
disability are of equivalent severity to the effects specified under 
Level II or Level III.
    (3) Statements from private physicians, or government or private 
institutions. VA may accept statements from private physicians, or 
examination reports from government or private institutions, for 
purpose of rating spina bifida claims without further examination, 
provided the statements or reports are adequate for assessing the level 
of disability due to spina bifida under the provisions of paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section. In the absence of adequate medical information, 
VA will schedule an examination for purpose of assessing the level of 
disability.
    (4) Medical evidence. VA will pay a person eligible for a monetary 
allowance due to spina bifida at Level I unless or until VA receives 
medical evidence supporting a higher payment. When required to reassess 
the level of disability under paragraph (d)(5) or (6) of this section, 
VA will pay a person eligible for this monetary allowance at Level I in 
the absence of evidence adequate to support a higher level of 
disability or if the person fails to report, without good cause, for a 
scheduled examination. Examples of good cause include, but are not 
limited to, the illness or hospitalization of the claimant, death of an 
immediate family member, etc.
    (5) Person under age of 1 year. VA will pay a person under the age 
of 1 year at Level I unless a pediatric neurologist or a pediatric 
neurosurgeon certifies that, in his or her medical judgment, there is a 
neurological deficit that will prevent the person from ambulating, 
grasping a pen, feeding himself or herself, performing self care, or 
achieving urinary or fecal continence. If any of those deficits are 
present, VA will pay the person at Level III. In either case, VA will 
reassess the level of disability when the person reaches the age of 1 
year.
    (6) Reassessment of level of payment. VA will reassess the level of 
payment whenever VA receives medical evidence indicating that a change 
is warranted. For a person between the ages of 1 and 21, however, VA 
must reassess the level of payment at least every 5 years.
    (e) Effective dates. See Sec.  5.591.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1805, 1811, 1812, 1821, 1832-1834, 
5101)

Sec.  5.590  Monetary allowance for a female Vietnam veteran's child 
with certain birth defects.

    (a) Monthly monetary allowance--(1) General rule. VA will pay a 
monthly monetary allowance under subchapter II of 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 
to or for a person whose biological mother is or was a Vietnam veteran 
and who VA has determined to have a disability resulting from one or 
more covered birth defects. Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section, the amount of the monetary allowance paid will be based 
upon the level of such disability suffered by the person, as determined 
in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (e) of this section. 
Whenever there is a cost-of-living increase in benefit amounts payable 
under section 215(i) of Title II of the Social Security Act, VA will, 
effective on the dates such increases become effective, increase by the 
same percentage the monthly allowance rates under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18.
    (2) Affirmative evidence of cause other than mother's service 
during Vietnam era. No monetary allowance will be provided under this 
section based on a particular birth defect of a person in any case 
where affirmative evidence establishes that the birth defect results 
from a cause other than the active military service of the person's 
mother during the Vietnam era and, in determining the level of

[[Page 71270]]

disability for a person with more than one birth defect, the particular 
defect resulting from other causes will be excluded from consideration. 
This will not prevent VA from paying a monetary allowance under this 
section for other birth defects.
    (3) Nonduplication; spina bifida. In the case of a person whose 
only covered birth defect is spina bifida, a monetary allowance will be 
paid under Sec.  5.589, not under this section, and the person will not 
be rated for disability under this section. In the case of a person who 
has spina bifida and one or more additional covered birth defects, a 
monetary allowance will be paid under this section, and the amount of 
the monetary allowance will be not less than the amount the person 
would receive if his or her only covered birth defect were spina 
bifida. If, but for the person's one or more additional covered birth 
defects, the monetary allowance payable to or for the person would be 
based on a rating at Level I, II, or III under Sec.  5.589(d), then the 
rating of the person's level of disability under paragraph (e) of this 
section will be not less than Level II, III, or IV, respectively.
    (b) No effect on other VA benefits. Except as provided in paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section, receipt of a monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. 
chapter 18 will not affect the right of the person, or the right of any 
claimant or beneficiary, to receive any other benefit to which he or 
she may be entitled under any law administered by VA.
    (c) Definitions--(1) Vietnam veteran. For purposes of this section, 
the term Vietnam veteran means a person who performed active military 
service in the Republic of Vietnam during the period beginning on 
February 28, 1961, and ending on May 7, 1975, without regard to the 
characterization of the person's service. For the definition of 
``service in the Republic of Vietnam,'' see Sec.  5.262(a)(1).
    (2) Person. For purposes of this section, the term person means a 
person, regardless of age or marital status, whose biological mother is 
or was a Vietnam veteran and who was conceived after the date on which 
the veteran first entered the Republic of Vietnam during the period 
beginning on February 28, 1961, and ending on May 7, 1975. 
Notwithstanding the provisions of Sec.  5.181(b), VA will require the 
types of evidence specified in Sec. Sec.  5.221 and 5.229 sufficient to 
establish that a person is the biological son or daughter of a Vietnam 
veteran.
    (3) Covered birth defect. For purposes of this section, the term 
covered birth defect means any birth defect identified by VA as a birth 
defect that is associated with the service of women Vietnam veterans in 
the Republic of Vietnam during the period beginning on February 28, 
1961, and ending on May 7, 1975, and that resulted, or may result, in 
permanent physical or mental disability. However, the term ``covered 
birth defect'' does not include a condition due to a:
    (i) Familial disorder;
    (ii) Birth-related injury; or
    (iii) Fetal or neonatal infirmity with well-established causes.
    (d) Identification of covered birth defects. All birth defects that 
are not excluded under the provisions of this paragraph (d) are covered 
birth defects.
    (1) Covered birth defects. Covered birth defects include, but are 
not limited to, the following conditions (however, if a birth defect is 
determined to be familial in a particular family, it will not be a 
covered birth defect):
    (i) Achondroplasia;
    (ii) Cleft lip and cleft palate;
    (iii) Congenital heart disease;
    (iv) Congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot);
    (v) Esophageal and intestinal atresia;
    (vi) Hallerman-Streiff syndrome;
    (vii) Hip dysplasia;
    (viii) Hirschprung's disease (congenital megacolon);
    (ix) Hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis;
    (x) Hypospadias;
    (xi) Imperforate anus;
    (xii) Neural tube defects (including, but not limited to, spina 
bifida, encephalocele, and anencephaly);
    (xiii) Poland syndrome;
    (xiv) Pyloric stenosis;
    (xv) Syndactyly (fused digits);
    (xvi) Tracheoesophageal fistula;
    (xvii) Undescended testicle; and
    (xviii) Williams syndrome.
    (2) Familial disorders. Birth defects that are familial disorders, 
including, but not limited to, hereditary genetic conditions, are not 
covered birth defects. Familial disorders include, but are not limited 
to, the following conditions, unless the birth defect is not familial 
in a particular family:
    (i) Albinism;
    (ii) Alpha-antitrypsin deficiency;
    (iii) Crouzon syndrome;
    (iv) Cystic fibrosis;
    (v) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy;
    (vi) Galactosemia;
    (vii) Hemophilia;
    (viii) Huntington's disease;
    (ix) Hurler syndrome;
    (x) Kartagener's syndrome (Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia);
    (xi) Marfan syndrome;
    (xii) Neurofibromatosis;
    (xiii) Osteogenesis imperfecta;
    (xiv) Pectus excavatum;
    (xv) Phenylketonuria;
    (xvi) Sickle cell disease;
    (xvii) Tay-Sachs disease;
    (xviii) Thalassemia; and
    (xix) Wilson's disease.
    (3) Congenital malignant neoplasms. Conditions that are congenital 
malignant neoplasms are not covered birth defects. These include, but 
are not limited to, the following conditions:
    (i) Medulloblastoma;
    (ii) Neuroblastoma;
    (iii) Retinoblastoma;
    (iv) Teratoma; and
    (v) Wilm's tumor.
    (4) Chromosomal disorders. Conditions that are chromosomal 
disorders are not covered birth defects. These include, but are not 
limited to, the following conditions:
    (i) Down syndrome and other Trisomies;
    (ii) Fragile X syndrome;
    (iii) Klinefelter's syndrome; and
    (iv) Turner's syndrome.
    (5) Birth-related injury. Conditions that are due to a birth-
related injury are not covered birth defects. These include, but are 
not limited to, the following conditions:
    (i) Brain damage due to anoxia during or around time of birth;
    (ii) Cerebral palsy due to birth trauma,
    (iii) Facial nerve palsy or other peripheral nerve injury;
    (iv) Fractured clavicle; and
    (v) Horner's syndrome due to forceful manipulation during birth.
    (6) Fetal or neonatal infirmity. Conditions that are due to a fetal 
or neonatal infirmity with well-established causes or that are 
miscellaneous pediatric conditions are not covered birth defects. These 
include, but are not limited to, the following conditions:
    (i) Asthma and other allergies;
    (ii) Effects of maternal infection during pregnancy, including, but 
not limited to, maternal rubella, toxoplasmosis, or syphilis;
    (iii) Fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal effects of maternal drug use;
    (iv) Hyaline membrane disease;
    (v) Maternal-infant blood incompatibility;
    (vi) Neonatal infections;
    (vii) Neonatal jaundice;
    (viii) Post-infancy deafness/hearing impairment (onset after the 
age of 1 year);
    (ix) Prematurity; and
    (x) Refractive disorders of the eye.
    (7) Developmental disorders. Conditions that are developmental 
disorders are not covered birth defects. These include, but are not 
limited to, the following disorders:
    (i) Attention deficit disorder;
    (ii) Autism;

[[Page 71271]]

    (iii) Epilepsy diagnosed after infancy (after the age of 1 year);
    (iv) Learning disorders; and
    (v) Mental retardation (unless part of a syndrome that is a covered 
birth defect).
    (8) Non-permanent physical or mental disabilities. Conditions that 
do not result in permanent physical or mental disability are not 
covered birth defects. These include, but are not limited to, the 
following conditions:
    (i) Conditions rendered non-disabling through treatment;
    (ii) Congenital heart problems surgically corrected or resolved 
without disabling residuals;
    (iii) Heart murmurs unassociated with a diagnosed cardiac 
abnormality;
    (iv) Hemangiomas that have resolved with or without treatment; and
    (v) Scars (other than of the head, face, or neck) as the only 
residual of corrective surgery for birth defects.
    (e) Disability ratings. Whenever VA determines, upon receipt of 
competent medical evidence, that a person has one or more covered birth 
defects, VA will also determine the level of disability currently 
resulting from the covered birth defects combined with any associated 
disabilities. No monetary allowance will be payable under this section 
if VA determines under this paragraph (e) that a person has no current 
disability resulting from the covered birth defects, unless VA 
determines that the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of this section 
apply. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section, VA will determine the level of disability as follows:
    (1) Levels of disability--(i) Level 0. The person has no current 
disability resulting from covered birth defects.
    (ii) Level I. The person meets one or more of the following 
criteria:
    (A) The person has residual physical or mental effects that only 
occasionally or intermittently limit or prevent some daily activities; 
or
    (B) The person has disfigurement or scarring of the head, face, or 
neck without gross distortion or gross asymmetry of any facial feature 
including, but not limited to, the nose, chin, forehead, eyes, eyelids, 
ears (auricles), cheeks, or lips.
    (iii) Level II. The person meets one or more of the following 
criteria:
    (A) The person has residual physical or mental effects that 
frequently or constantly limit or prevent some daily activities, but 
the person is able to work or attend school, carry out most household 
chores, travel, and provide age-appropriate self-care, such as eating, 
dressing, grooming, and carrying out personal hygiene, and 
communication, behavior, social interaction, and intellectual 
functioning are appropriate for his or her age; or
    (B) The person has disfigurement or scarring of the head, face, or 
neck with either gross distortion or gross asymmetry of one facial 
feature or one paired set of facial features including, but not limited 
to, the nose, chin, forehead, eyes, eyelids, ears (auricles), cheeks, 
or lips.
    (iv) Level III. The person meets one or more of the following 
criteria:
    (A) The person has residual physical or mental effects that 
frequently or constantly limit or prevent most daily activities, but 
the person is able to provide age-appropriate self-care, such as 
eating, dressing, grooming, and carrying out personal hygiene;
    (B) The person is unable to work or attend school, travel, or carry 
out household chores, or does so intermittently and with difficulty;
    (C) The person's communication, behavior, social interaction, and 
intellectual functioning are not entirely appropriate for his or her 
age; or
    (D) The person has disfigurement or scarring of the head, face, or 
neck with either gross distortion or gross asymmetry of two facial 
features or two paired sets of facial features including, but not 
limited to, the nose, chin, forehead, eyes, eyelids, ears (auricles), 
cheeks, or lips.
    (v) Level IV. The person meets one or more of the following 
criteria:
    (A) The person has residual physical or mental effects preventing 
age-appropriate self-care, such as eating, dressing, grooming, and 
carrying out personal hygiene;
    (B) The person's communication, behavior, social interaction, and 
intellectual functioning are grossly inappropriate for his or her age; 
or
    (C) The person has disfigurement or scarring of the head, face, or 
neck with either gross distortion or gross asymmetry of three facial 
features or three paired sets of facial features including, but not 
limited to, the nose, chin, forehead, eyes, eyelids, ears (auricles), 
cheeks, or lips.
    (2) Assessing limitation of daily activities. Physical or mental 
effects on the following functions are to be considered in assessing 
limitation of daily activities:
    (i) Mobility (ability to stand and walk, including, but not limited 
to, balance and coordination);
    (ii) Manual dexterity;
    (iii) Stamina;
    (iv) Speech;
    (v) Hearing;
    (vi) Vision (other than correctable refraction errors);
    (vii) Memory;
    (viii) Ability to concentrate;
    (ix) Appropriateness of behavior; and
    (x) Urinary and fecal continence.
    (f) Information for determining whether a person has a covered 
birth defect and rating disability levels.--(1) Medical evidence. VA 
may accept statements from private physicians or examination reports 
from government or private institutions for purposes of determining 
whether a person has a covered birth defect and for rating claims for 
covered birth defects. If they are adequate for such purposes, VA may 
make the determination and rating without further examination. In the 
absence of adequate information, VA may schedule examinations to 
determine whether a person has a covered birth defect or to assess the 
level of disability.
    (2) Monthly monetary allowance for those with a covered birth 
defect. Except as paragraph (a)(3) of this section provides, VA will 
pay a monthly monetary allowance if VA is able to obtain medical 
evidence adequate to determine that a person has a covered birth defect 
and adequate to assess the level of disability due to covered birth 
defects.
    (g) Redeterminations. VA will reassess a determination under this 
section whenever VA receives evidence indicating that a change is 
warranted.
    (h) Referrals. If an agency of original jurisdiction is unclear in 
any case as to whether a condition is a covered birth defect, it may 
refer the issue to the Director of the Compensation Service for 
determination.
    (i) Effective dates. See Sec.  5.591.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1811-1816, 1821, 1832-1834, 5101)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``competent 
evidence''.


Sec.  5.591  Effective date of award for a disabled child of a Vietnam 
veteran or a veteran with covered service in Korea.

    This section provides the effective date of an award, reduction, or 
discontinuance of the monthly monetary allowance payable under Sec.  
5.589 to a Vietnam veteran or a veteran with covered service in Korea 
whose biological child is suffering from spina bifida or under Sec.  
5.590 to a female Vietnam veteran's biological child who suffers from 
one or more covered birth defects.
    (a) Effective date of award. An award of a monetary allowance based 
on an original claim, a claim reopened after final denial, or a claim 
for increase will be effective the date VA received the claim or the 
date entitlement arose,

[[Page 71272]]

whichever is later, subject to the following rules:
    (1) An allowance payable under Sec.  5.589 will not be effective 
before October 1, 1997;
    (2) An allowance payable under Sec.  5.590 will not be effective 
before December 1, 2001;
    (3) Subject to paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section, the 
effective date will be the child's date of birth, if VA received the 
claim no later than 1 year after the birth date;
    (4) Subject to paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section, if a 
previously denied claim is reopened and granted based on corrected 
military records, VA assigns an effective date in accordance with 
Sec. Sec.  5.34(d) and 5.35(e); and
    (5) Subject to paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section, if a 
beneficiary is awarded an increase of a monetary allowance due to an 
increase in disability, VA will assign an effective date in accordance 
with Sec.  5.312(b).
    (b) Effective dates of reductions or discontinuances. Except as 
otherwise provided in this paragraph (b), the effective date of a 
reduction or discontinuance of a monetary allowance will be assigned in 
accordance with Sec.  5.705(a).
    (1) If the monetary allowance was paid erroneously because of 
beneficiary error, VA will assign an effective date in accordance with 
Sec.  5.167(b).
    (2) If the monetary allowance was paid erroneously because of 
administrative error by VA, VA will assign an effective date in 
accordance with Sec.  5.167(c).
    (3) If a discontinuance is due to the beneficiary's death, VA will 
discontinue benefits effective the first day of the month of the 
beneficiary's death.
    (4) If a reduction or discontinuance is warranted by a change of 
law or VA issue, or by a change in interpretation of a law or VA issue, 
VA will assign an effective date in accordance with Sec.  5.152(c).
    (5) If a reduction or discontinuance is warranted by a change in 
the beneficiary's physical condition, VA will pay a reduced rate or 
discontinue the monetary allowance effective the first day of the month 
that begins after the end of the 60-day period following the notice of 
the proposed reduction or discontinuance. The 60-day period is to be 
calculated in the same way as the notice period described in Sec.  
5.83(a).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1805, 1832, 5110, 5112)

Sec.  5.592  Awards under Nehmer Court orders for disability or death 
caused by a condition presumptively associated with herbicide exposure.

    (a) Purpose. This section states effective-date rules required by 
orders of a U.S. district court in the class-action case of Nehmer v. 
U.S. Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 712 F. Supp. 1404 (N.D. Cal. 1989).
    (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
    (1) Nehmer class member means:
    (i) A Vietnam veteran who has a covered herbicide disease; or
    (ii) A surviving spouse, child, or parent of a deceased Vietnam 
veteran who died from a covered herbicide disease.
    (2) Covered herbicide disease means a disease for which the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs has established a presumption of service 
connection pursuant to the Agent Orange Act of 1991, Public Law 102-4, 
other than chloracne. Those diseases are listed in Sec.  5.262(e).
    (c) Effective date of disability compensation. If a Nehmer class 
member is entitled to disability compensation for a covered herbicide 
disease, the effective date of the award will be as follows:
    (1) Disability compensation denied between September 25, 1985, and 
May 3, 1989. If VA denied disability compensation for the same covered 
herbicide disease in a decision issued between September 25, 1985, and 
May 3, 1989, the effective date of the award will be the later of the 
date VA received the claim on which the prior denial was based or the 
date the disability arose, except as provided in paragraph (c)(3) of 
this section. A prior decision will be construed as having denied 
disability compensation for the same disease if the prior decision 
denied disability compensation for a disease that reasonably may be 
construed as the same covered herbicide disease for which disability 
compensation has been awarded. Minor differences in the terminology 
used in the prior decision will not preclude a finding, based on the 
record at the time of the prior decision, that the prior decision 
denied disability compensation for the same covered herbicide disease.
    (2) New or pending claim. If the class member's claim for 
disability compensation for the covered herbicide disease either was 
pending before VA on May 3, 1989, or was received by VA between that 
date and the effective date of the statute or regulation establishing a 
presumption of service connection for the covered disease, the 
effective date of the award will be the later of the date such claim 
was received by VA or the date the disability arose, except as provided 
in paragraph (c)(3) of this section. A claim will be considered a claim 
for disability compensation for a particular covered herbicide disease 
if:
    (i) The claimant's application and other supporting statements and 
submissions may reasonably be viewed, under the standards ordinarily 
governing disability compensation claims, as indicating an intent to 
apply for disability compensation for the covered herbicide disability; 
or
    (ii) VA issued a decision on the claim, between May 3, 1989, and 
the effective date of the statute or regulation establishing a 
presumption of service connection for the covered disease, in which VA 
denied disability compensation for a disease that reasonably may be 
construed as the same covered herbicide disease for which disability 
compensation has been awarded.
    (3) Claim received no later than 1 year after separation from 
service. If the class member's claim referred to in paragraph (c)(1) or 
(2) of this section was received no later than 1 year after the date of 
the class member's separation from service, the effective date of the 
award will be the day after the date of the class member's separation 
from active military service.
    (4) Requirements not met. If the requirements of paragraph (c)(1) 
or (2) of this section are not met, the effective date of the award 
will be determined in accordance with Sec.  5.152, and with the 
appropriate effective date section of this part 5. See Sec.  5.150(a) 
for the general rule of effective dates, and Sec.  5.150(c) for a list 
of locations of other effective date provisions in part 5.
    (d) Effective date of dependency and indemnity compensation. If a 
Nehmer class member is entitled to dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) for a death due to a covered herbicide disease, the 
effective date of the award will be as follows:
    (1) DIC denied between September 25, 1985, and May 3, 1989. If VA 
denied DIC for the death in a decision issued between September 25, 
1985, and May 3, 1989, the effective date of the award will be the 
later of the date VA received the claim on which such prior denial was 
based or the date the death occurred, except as otherwise provided in 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
    (2) New or pending claim. If the class member's claim for DIC for 
the death was either pending before VA on May 3, 1989, or was received 
by VA between that date and the effective date of the statute or 
regulation establishing a presumption of service connection for

[[Page 71273]]

the covered herbicide disease that caused the death, the effective date 
of the award will be the later of the date such claim was received by 
VA or the date the death occurred, except as otherwise provided in 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section. In accordance with Sec.  5.52(b)(2), 
a claim by a surviving spouse or child for death pension will be 
considered a claim for DIC. In all other cases, a claim will be 
considered a claim for DIC if the claimant's application and other 
supporting statements and submissions may reasonably be viewed, under 
the standards ordinarily governing DIC claims, as indicating an intent 
to apply for DIC.
    (3) Claim received no later than 1 year after veteran's death. If 
the class member's claim referred to in paragraph (d)(1) or (2) of this 
section was received no later than 1 year after the date of the 
veteran's death, the effective date of the award will be the first day 
of the month in which the death occurred.
    (4) Requirements not met. If the requirements of paragraph (d)(1) 
or (2) of this section are not met, the effective date of the award 
will be determined in accordance with Sec.  5.152.
    (e) Effect of other provisions affecting retroactive entitlement--
(1) Scope. If the requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2), 
(d)(1), or (d)(2) of this section are satisfied, the effective date 
will be assigned as specified in those paragraphs, without regard to 
the provisions in 38 U.S.C. 5110(g) or Sec.  5.152 prohibiting payment 
for periods prior to the effective date of the statute or regulation 
establishing a presumption of service connection for a covered 
herbicide disease. However, the provisions of this section will not 
apply if payment to a Nehmer class member based on a claim described in 
paragraph (c) or (d) of this section is otherwise prohibited by statute 
or regulation, as, for example, where a class member did not qualify as 
a surviving spouse at the time of the prior claim or denial.
    (2) Claims based on service in the Republic of Vietnam prior to 
August 5, 1964. If a claim referred to in paragraph (c) or (d) of this 
section was denied by VA prior to January 1, 1997, and the veteran's 
service in the Republic of Vietnam ended before August 5, 1964, the 
effective-date rules of this regulation do not apply. The effective 
date of benefits in such cases will be determined in accordance with 38 
U.S.C. 5110. If a claim referred to in paragraph (c) or (d) of this 
section was pending before VA on January 1, 1997, or was received by VA 
after that date, and the veteran's service in the Republic of Vietnam 
ended before August 5, 1964, the effective date will be the later of 
the date provided by paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or January 1, 
1997.

(Authority: Sec. 505, Pub. L. 104-275, 110 Stat. 3342-43)


    (f) Payment of benefits to the survivor or estate of the deceased 
beneficiary--(1) General rule. If a Nehmer class member entitled to 
retroactive benefits pursuant to paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) or 
(d)(1) through (3) of this section dies prior to receiving payment of 
any such benefits, VA will pay such unpaid retroactive benefits to the 
first person or entity listed below that is in existence at the time of 
payment:
    (i) The class member's spouse, regardless of current marital 
status.

    Note to paragraph (f)(1)(i): For purposes of this paragraph (f), 
a ``spouse'' is the person who was legally married to the class 
member at the time of the class member's death.

    (ii) The class member's child, regardless of age or marital status 
(if more than one child exists, payment will be made in equal shares, 
accompanied by an explanation of the division).

    Note to paragraph (f)(1)(ii): For purposes of this paragraph 
(f), the term ``child'' includes a natural and an adopted child, and 
also includes any stepchild who was a member of the class member's 
household at the time of the class member's death.

    (iii) The class member's parent, regardless of dependency (if both 
parents are alive, payment will be made in equal shares, accompanied by 
an explanation of the division).

    Note to paragraph (f)(1)(iii): For purposes of this paragraph 
(f), the term ``parent'' includes a natural and an adoptive parent, 
but in the event of successive parents, the persons who last stood 
as parents in relation to the class member will be considered the 
parents.

    (iv) The class member's estate.
    (2) Inapplicability of certain accrued benefit requirements. The 
provisions of 38 U.S.C. 5121(c) and Sec.  5.552(a), requiring a 
survivor to file a claim for accrued benefits do not apply to payments 
under this section. When a Nehmer class member dies prior to receiving 
retroactive payments under this section, VA will pay the amount to an 
identified payee in accordance with paragraph (f)(1) of this section 
without requiring an application from the payee. Prior to releasing 
such payment, however, VA may ask the payee to provide further 
information as specified in paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
    (3) Identifying a payee. VA will make reasonable efforts to 
identify the appropriate payee under paragraph (f)(1) of this section 
based on information in the veteran's claims file. If further 
information is needed to determine whether any appropriate payee exists 
or whether there is a person having equal or higher priority than a 
known prospective payee, VA will request such information from a 
survivor or authorized representative if the claims file provides 
sufficient contact information. Before releasing payment to an 
identified payee, VA will ask the payee to state whether there is any 
other survivor of the class member who may have equal or greater 
entitlement to payment under this section, unless the circumstances 
clearly indicate that such a request is unnecessary. If, following such 
efforts, VA releases the full amount of unpaid benefits to a payee, VA 
may not thereafter pay any portion of such benefits to any other 
person, unless VA is able to recover the payment previously released.
    (4) Bar to accrued benefit claims. Payment of benefits pursuant to 
paragraph (f)(1) of this section will bar a later claim by any person 
for payment of all or any part of such benefits as accrued benefits 
under 38 U.S.C. 5121 and Sec.  5.551(a).
    (g) Awards covered by this section. This section applies only to 
awards of disability compensation or DIC for disability or death caused 
by a disease listed in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.593-5.599  [Reserved]

Ancillary Benefits for Certain Service-Connected Veterans and Certain 
Members of the Armed Forces Serving on Active Duty


Sec. Sec.  5.600-5.602  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.603  Financial assistance to purchase a vehicle or adaptive 
equipment.

    (a) Eligibility. Certain persons with qualifying disabilities will 
be certified as eligible for financial assistance to purchase a vehicle 
and necessary adaptive equipment.
    (b) Definition of terms. The following definitions apply to this 
section:
    (1) Adaptive equipment. (i) Adaptive equipment means equipment that 
must be part of or added to a vehicle manufactured for sale to the 
general public to:
    (A) Make it safe for use by the eligible person; and
    (B) Assist the eligible person in meeting applicable standards of 
licensure by the proper licensing authority.
    (ii) Adaptive equipment includes, but is not limited to:
    (A) Automatic transmission;

[[Page 71274]]

    (B) Power steering, power brakes, power window lifts, and power 
seats;
    (C) Modification of the interior space if necessary for the 
eligible person to enter or travel in the vehicle; and
    (D) Special equipment that the Under Secretary for Health or 
designee has deemed to be ordinarily necessary to assist an eligible 
person into or out of a vehicle, even if another person operates the 
vehicle for the eligible person, or for an eligible person to operate 
the vehicle.
    (2) Vehicle. Vehicle means an automobile, van, truck, jeep, 
tractor, golf cart, or other conveyance.
    (c) Eligibility criteria--(1) Persons eligible. The claimant must 
be:
    (i) A veteran who is entitled to disability compensation under 38 
U.S.C. chapter 11, including disability compensation under 38 U.S.C. 
1151, for a qualifying disability described in paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section; or
    (ii) A member of the Armed Forces serving on active duty who has a 
qualifying disability described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section 
that is the result of an injury incurred or disease contracted in or 
aggravated by active military service.
    (2) Qualifying disabilities. The claimant must have one of the 
following disabilities:
    (i) Anatomical loss or permanent loss of use of one or both feet;
    (ii) Anatomical loss or permanent loss of use of one or both hands;
    (iii) Permanent impairment of vision of both eyes: central visual 
acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye, with corrective glasses, or 
central visual acuity of more than 20/200 if there is a field defect in 
which the peripheral field has contracted to such an extent that the 
widest diameter of visual field subtends an angular distance no greater 
than 20 degrees in the better eye;
    (iv) Ankylosis of one or both knees or of one or both hips; 
however, VA will provide to a person with ankylosis only financial 
assistance to purchase adaptive equipment, and will not provide 
financial assistance to purchase a vehicle; or
    (v) Severe burn injury.
    (d) Limitations on assistance--(1) Claim for financial assistance 
to purchase a vehicle or adaptive equipment. (i) The claimant must file 
a claim for financial assistance to purchase a vehicle or adaptive 
equipment, which includes a certification by the claimant that the 
vehicle will be operated only by a person properly licensed. However, 
VA will provide financial assistance to purchase a vehicle for an 
eligible person who cannot qualify to operate a vehicle if another 
person is to operate the vehicle for the eligible person.
    (ii) A claim for financial assistance to purchase a vehicle will 
also be considered a claim for adaptive equipment necessary to operate 
the vehicle according to the safety standards of the licensing 
authority.
    (iii) There is no time limit in which the claimant must apply for 
benefits under this section.
    (iv) For a claimant applying while still on active duty, the claim 
will be deemed filed with VA on the date the application is shown to be 
in possession of military authorities for transmittal to VA.
    (2) Financial assistance for vehicles. An eligible person is not 
entitled to benefits for the purchase of more than one vehicle under 
the provisions of this section. No payments may be made for the repair, 
maintenance, or replacement of the vehicle.
    (3) Financial assistance for adaptive equipment. An eligible person 
is not entitled to adaptive equipment for more than two vehicles in a 
4-year period unless, due to circumstances beyond the eligible person's 
control, one of the adapted vehicles is no longer available. The Under 
Secretary for Health or designee may authorize payments or 
reimbursements for the repair, replacement, or reinstallation of 
adaptive equipment deemed necessary for the operation of the vehicle. 
See Sec.  17.158 of this chapter for additional limitations on 
assistance for adaptive equipment.
    (e) VA certification process for financial assistance to purchase a 
vehicle or adaptive equipment. If a claim for financial assistance to 
purchase a vehicle or adaptive equipment is granted, VA will issue a 
certificate of eligibility to the claimant.
    (f) Redemption of certificate of eligibility--(1) Purchase of 
vehicle. VA may pay the financial assistance to purchase a vehicle to 
the seller as follows:
    The eligible person must give the certificate of eligibility to the 
seller of the vehicle. The seller must send the purchase receipt and 
certificate of eligibility to a VA regional office for reimbursement of 
the purchase price, or the statutory limit set in 38 U.S.C. 3902(a), 
whichever is less.
    (2) Purchase of adaptive equipment. VA may pay the adaptive 
equipment allowance to either the seller or the eligible person as 
follows:
    (i) Seller. The eligible person must give the certificate of 
eligibility to the seller of the adaptive equipment. The seller must 
send the purchase receipt and certificate of eligibility to a VA 
regional office for reimbursement of the actual cost of the adaptive 
equipment.
    (ii) Eligible person. The eligible person must send the purchase 
receipt and certificate of eligibility to VA for reimbursement of the 
actual cost of the adaptive equipment.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3901, 3902, 3903)

Sec.  5.604  Specially adapted housing under 38 U.S.C. 2101(a).

    A certificate of eligibility for assistance in acquiring specially 
adapted housing under 38 U.S.C. 2101(a) or 2101A(a) may be extended to 
a veteran or a member of the Armed Forces serving on active duty if the 
following requirements are met:
    (a) Eligibility. A veteran must have had active military service 
after April 20, 1898. Benefits are not restricted to veterans with 
wartime service. After December 15, 2003, the benefit under this 
section is also available to a person in the Armed Forces serving on 
active duty.
    (b) Disability. A person in the Armed Forces serving on active duty 
must have a disability rated as permanent and total that was incurred 
or aggravated in the line of duty in active military service. A veteran 
must be entitled to compensation under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11 for a 
disability rated as permanent and total. In either case, the disability 
must be due to:
    (1) The anatomical loss or loss of use of both lower extremities, 
such as to preclude locomotion without the aid of braces, crutches, 
canes, or a wheelchair;
    (2) Blindness in both eyes, having only light perception, plus the 
anatomical loss or loss of use of one lower extremity;
    (3) The anatomical loss or loss of use of one lower extremity 
together with residuals of organic injury or disease which so affect 
the functions of balance or propulsion as to preclude locomotion 
without the aid of braces, crutches, canes, or a wheelchair;
    (4) The anatomical loss or loss of use of one lower extremity 
together with the anatomical loss or loss of use of 1 upper extremity 
which so affect the functions of balance or propulsion as to preclude 
locomotion without the aid of braces, crutches, canes, or a wheelchair;
    (5) The anatomical loss or loss of use of both upper extremities 
such as to preclude use of the arms at or above the elbow; or
    (6) Full thickness or subdermal burns that have resulted in 
contractures with limitation of motion of two or more extremities or of 
at least one extremity and the trunk.
    (c) Preclude locomotion. Preclude locomotion means the necessity 
for

[[Page 71275]]

regular and constant use of a wheelchair, braces, crutches or canes as 
a normal mode of locomotion although occasional locomotion by other 
methods may be possible.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1151(c)(1), 2101, 2101A, 2102, 2104)


    Cross Reference: Assistance to certain disabled veterans in 
acquiring specially adapted housing. See Sec. Sec.  36.4400 through 
36.4410 of this chapter.


Sec.  5.605  Special home adaptation grants under 38 U.S.C. 2101(b).

    A certificate of eligibility for assistance in acquiring necessary 
special home adaptations, or, after October 27, 1986, for assistance in 
acquiring a residence already adapted with necessary special features, 
under 38 U.S.C. 2101(b) or 2101A(a) may be issued to a veteran who 
served after April 20, 1898, or to a member of the Armed Forces serving 
on active duty who is eligible for the benefit under this section after 
December 15, 2003, if the following requirements are met:
    (a)(1) The veteran or member of the Armed Forces serving on active 
duty is not entitled to a certificate of eligibility for assistance in 
acquiring specially adapted housing under Sec.  5.604, nor had the 
veteran or member of the Armed Forces serving on active duty previously 
received assistance in acquiring specially adapted housing under 38 
U.S.C. 2101(a).
    (2) A veteran or member of the Armed Forces serving on active duty 
who first establishes entitlement under this section and who later 
becomes eligible for a certificate of eligibility under Sec.  5.604 may 
be issued a certificate of eligibility under Sec.  5.604.
    (b) A member of the Armed Forces serving on active duty must have a 
disability rated as permanent and total that was incurred or aggravated 
in the line of duty in active military service. A veteran must be 
entitled to compensation under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11 for a disability 
rated as permanent and total. In either case, the disability must:
    (1) Include the anatomical loss or loss of use of both hands; or
    (2) Be due to:
    (i) Blindness in both eyes with 5/200 visual acuity or less; or
    (ii) Deep partial thickness burns that have resulted in 
contractures with limitation of motion of two or more extremities or of 
at least one extremity and the trunk; or
    (iii) Full thickness or subdermal burns that have resulted in 
contracture(s) with limitation of motion of one or more extremities or 
the trunk; or
    (iv) Residuals of an inhalation injury, including, but not limited 
to, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary 
disease.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1151(c)(1), 2101, 2101A, 2102, 2104)


    Cross Reference: Assistance to certain disabled veterans in 
acquiring specially adapted housing. See Sec. Sec.  36.4400 through 
36.4410 of this chapter.


Sec.  5.606  Clothing allowance.

    (a) General rule. VA will pay an annual clothing allowance to a 
veteran with a qualifying disability. However, VA will pay more than 
one annual clothing allowance if VA determines that the veteran has 
more than one qualifying disability. For purposes of this section, a 
``veteran'' includes a person who has returned to active duty after 
previously meeting the definition of ``veteran'' found in Sec.  5.1.
    (b) Qualifying disability. A ``qualifying disability'' is a 
service-connected disability, or a disability compensable ``as if'' 
service connected under 38 U.S.C. 1151, that:
    (1) Is the anatomical loss or loss of use of a hand or foot 
compensable at a rate specified in Sec. Sec.  5.322 through 5.329, 
Sec.  5.331, or Sec.  5.332 that requires the veteran to wear or use a 
prosthetic or orthopedic appliance (including, but not limited to, a 
wheelchair) that tends to wear or tear the veteran's clothing, which is 
shown on VA examination, or by a hospital or examination report from a 
facility specified in Sec.  5.91(a);
    (2) The Under Secretary for Health or designee certifies that the 
veteran wears or uses a prosthetic or orthopedic appliance (including, 
but not limited to, a wheelchair) that tends to wear or tear the 
veteran's clothing; or
    (3) Is a skin condition that the Under Secretary for Health or 
designee certifies requires the veteran to use prescription medication 
that causes irreparable damage to the veteran's outer garments.
    (c) New claim required every year. The veteran must file a claim 
for a clothing allowance every year, unless:
    (1) The clothing allowance was granted according to the criteria in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section; or
    (2) The Under Secretary for Health or designee finds that a 
clothing allowance granted according to the criteria in paragraph 
(b)(2) or (3) of this section is static.
    (d) Payment year. Clothing allowance is paid annually. The payment 
year covers a 12-month period beginning August 1 and ending July 31 of 
the following year. The initial year of payment eligibility begins 
August 1 of the calendar year in which VA notifies the veteran of his 
or her entitlement to service connection for a qualifying disability.
    (e) Time limits for claim.--(1) Initial year of payment 
eligibility. A veteran who meets the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) 
through (3) of this section is eligible to receive the annual clothing 
allowance for the initial year of payment eligibility if:
    (i) VA notifies the veteran of his or her entitlement to service 
connection for a qualifying disability before August 1 of the initial 
year of payment eligibility, and the veteran files a claim for clothing 
allowance no later than 1 year after August 1 of the initial year of 
payment eligibility; or
    (ii) VA notifies the veteran of his or her entitlement to service 
connection for a qualifying disability after August 1 of the initial 
year of payment eligibility, and the veteran files a claim for clothing 
allowance no later than 1 year after the date of the notice.
    (2) Payment year following date of claim. VA will pay the clothing 
allowance for the payment year that begins after the date of the claim 
for clothing allowance, if the veteran is entitled to the clothing 
allowance, and if:
    (i) VA notified the veteran of his or her entitlement to service 
connection for a qualifying disability before August 1 of the initial 
year of payment eligibility, and the veteran filed the claim for 
clothing allowance more than 1 year after August 1 of the initial year 
of payment eligibility; or
    (ii) VA notified the veteran of his or her entitlement to service 
connection for a qualifying disability after August 1 of the initial 
year of payment eligibility, and the veteran filed the claim for 
clothing allowance more than 1 year after the date of the notice.
    (f) Reduction for incarceration. An eligible veteran who is 
incarcerated for any reason for more than 60 days in a Federal, State, 
or local penal institution and who is provided clothing without charge 
by the institution will not receive the full clothing allowance 
payment. VA will reduce the amount stated in 38 U.S.C. 1162 by 1/365th 
of that amount for each day over 60 days that the veteran was 
incarcerated during the 12-month period beginning August 1 and ending 
July 31. VA will not reduce the amount for the initial 60 days of a 
period of incarceration.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107, 1162, 5313A)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.

[[Page 71276]]

Sec. Sec.  5.607-5.609  [Reserved]

Subpart I--Benefits for Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors

Philippine Service


Sec.  5.610  Eligibility for benefits based on Philippine service.

    (a) Old Philippine Scouts--(1) Included service. Service in the Old 
Philippine Scouts (Scouts who enlisted before October 6, 1945) 
constitutes active military service for purposes of pension, disability 
compensation, dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), and burial 
benefits. Service as an officer commissioned in connection with the 
administration of Pub. L. 79-190, 59 Stat. 538, also constitutes active 
military service under this paragraph (a)(1).
    (2) Rate of payment. Benefits are payable at the full-dollar rate.
    (3) Acceptable evidence of service in the Old Philippine Scouts. 
Service must be established as specified in Sec.  5.40.
    (b) New Philippine Scouts--(1) Included service. All enlistments 
and reenlistments of New Philippine Scouts in the Regular Army between 
October 6, 1945, and June 30, 1947, inclusive, constitute active 
military service for purposes of disability compensation and DIC, and, 
in the case of deaths occurring after December 15, 2003, burial 
benefits.
    (2) Rate of payment. Except as provided in Sec. Sec.  5.613 and 
5.617, benefits based on service described in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section are payable at a rate of $0.50 for each dollar authorized under 
the law.
    (3) Acceptable evidence of service in the New Philippine Scouts. 
Service must be established as specified in Sec.  5.40.
    (c) Commonwealth Army of the Philippines--(1) Included service. 
Service of a member of the Commonwealth Army of the Philippines 
constitutes active military service for purposes of disability 
compensation, DIC, and burial allowance, from and after the dates and 
hours, respectively, when he or she was called into service of the 
Armed Forces of the U.S. by orders issued from time to time by the 
Commander-in-Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, or other competent 
authority in the Army of the U.S., pursuant to the Military Order of 
the President of the U.S. dated July 26, 1941.
    (2) Rate of payment. Except as provided in Sec. Sec.  5.613 and 
5.617, benefits based on service described in paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section are payable at a rate of $0.50 for each dollar authorized under 
the law.
    (3) Presumption of soundness. Unless the record shows examination 
at the time of entrance into the Armed Forces of the U.S., such a 
person is not entitled to the presumption of soundness. This also 
applies upon reentering the Armed Forces after a period of inactive 
military service.
    (4) Acceptable evidence of service in the Commonwealth Army of the 
Philippines. Service must be established as specified in Sec.  5.40.
    (d) Guerrilla service--(1) Included service. A person who served as 
a guerrilla under a commissioned officer of the U.S. Army, Navy, or 
Marine Corps, or under a commissioned officer of the Commonwealth Army 
of the Philippines recognized by and cooperating with the U.S. Forces 
is considered to have performed active military service for purposes of 
disability compensation, DIC, and burial allowance. Service as a 
guerrilla by a member of the Old Philippine Scouts or the Armed Forces 
of the U.S. is considered service in his or her regular status. (See 
paragraph (a) of this section.)
    (2) Rate of payment. Except as provided in Sec. Sec.  5.613 and 
5.617, benefits based on service described in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section are payable at a rate of $0.50 for each dollar authorized under 
the law.
    (3) Acceptable evidence of guerrilla service. Service must be 
established as specified in Sec.  5.40. The following certifications by 
a U.S. service department in accordance with Sec.  5.40 will be 
accepted as establishing guerrilla service:
    (i) Recognized guerrilla service; or
    (ii) Unrecognized guerrilla service under a recognized commissioned 
officer only if the person was a former member of the U.S. Armed Forces 
(including the Old Philippine Scouts), or the Commonwealth Army of the 
Philippines. This excludes civilians.
    (4) Unacceptable evidence of guerrilla service. A certification of 
anti-Japanese activity will not be accepted as establishing guerrilla 
service.
    (e) Combined service. Where a veteran who had Commonwealth Army of 
the Philippines or guerrilla service and also had other service, 
wartime or peacetime, in the Armed Forces of the U.S., has disabilities 
that are compensable separately on a dollar and a $0.50-for-each-dollar 
authorized basis, and the disabilities are combined under the authority 
contained in 38 U.S.C. 1157, the rating for which dollars are payable 
will be first considered and the difference between this rating and the 
combined rating will be the basis for computing the amount payable at 
the rate of $0.50 for each dollar authorized.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.21, Service VA recognizes as active 
military service. Sec.  5.28, Other groups designated as having 
performed active military service. Sec.  5.39, Minimum active duty 
service requirement for VA benefits. Sec.  5.40, Service records as 
evidence of service and character of discharge that qualify for VA 
benefits.


Sec.  5.611  Philippine service: determination of periods of active 
military service, including, but not limited to, periods of active 
military service while in prisoner of war status.

    (a) Period of service. For an Old Philippine Scout, a member of one 
of the regular components of the Commonwealth Army of the Philippines 
while serving with the Armed Forces of the U.S., and a New Philippine 
Scout, the period of active military service will be from the date 
certified by the U.S. Armed Forces as the date of enlistment or the 
date of reporting for active duty, whichever is later, to the date of 
release from active duty, discharge, death, or in the case of a member 
of the Commonwealth Army of the Philippines, June 30, 1946, whichever 
is earlier. Release from active duty includes:
    (1) Leaving one's organization in anticipation of, or due to, the 
capitulation.
    (2) Escape from prisoner of war status.
    (3) Parole by the Japanese.
    (4) Beginning of missing-in-action status, except if factually 
shown that at that time he or she was with his or her unit or if death 
is presumed to have occurred while carried in such status. However, if 
there is credible evidence that he or she was alive after commencement 
of his or her missing-in-action status, then the presumption of death 
will not apply for VA purposes.
    (5) Capitulation on May 6, 1942, except that periods of recognized 
guerrilla service, unrecognized guerrilla service under a recognized 
commissioned officer, or periods of service in units which continued 
organized resistance against the Japanese prior to formal capitulation 
will be considered return to active duty for the period of such 
service.
    (b) Prisoner of war status. Active military service of an Old 
Philippine Scout or a member of the Commonwealth Army of the 
Philippines serving with the Armed Forces of the U.S. will include a 
prisoner of war status immediately following a period of active duty, 
or a period of recognized guerrilla service or unrecognized guerrilla 
service under a recognized commissioned officer. In those cases where, 
following release from active

[[Page 71277]]

duty as set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, the veteran is 
factually found by the VA to have been injured or killed by the 
Japanese because of anti-Japanese activities or because of his or her 
former service in the Armed Forces of the U.S., such injury or death 
may be held to have been incurred in active military service for VA 
purposes. VA will make such determinations based on all available 
evidence, including, but not limited to U.S. service department 
reports, and VA will consider the character and length of the veteran's 
former active military service in the Armed Forces of the U.S.
    (c) Arrest. A prisoner of war status based upon arrest during 
general zonification will not be sufficient of itself to bring a case 
within the definition of return to military control.
    (d) Period of guerrilla service. The active military service of a 
guerrilla will be the period certified by a U.S. service department.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.40, Service records as evidence of service 
and character of discharge that qualify for VA benefits. Sec.  5.140, 
Determining former prisoner of war status, for the definition of 
``former prisoner of war''.

Benefits and Effective Dates of Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors


Sec.  5.612  Overview of benefits available to a Filipino veteran and 
his or her survivor.

    (a) Scope. The following table lists many of the benefits that VA 
may provide based on qualifying service in the Republic of the 
Philippines. This table does not confer any substantive rights.

                        Benefits Available to a Filipino Veteran and His or Her Survivor
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Armed forces of the                               Commonwealth Army of
                                         U.S., including Old     New Philippine Scouts       the Philippines/
               Benefit                 Philippine Scouts (Sec.     (Sec.   5.610(b))         Guerrillas (Sec.
                                               5.610(a))                                    5.610(c) and (d))
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Disability Compensation..........  Yes--Full-Rate.........  Yes--Full-Rate if U.S.   Yes--Full-Rate if U.S.
                                                                 citizen or permanent     citizen or permanent
                                                                 resident alien and       resident alien and
                                                                 residing in U.S.         residing in U.S.
                                                                 Otherwise, Half-Rate.    Otherwise, Half-Rate.
(2) Pension..........................  Yes--Full-Rate.........  No.....................  No.
(3) Clothing Allowance...............  Yes--Full-Rate.........  Yes--Half-Rate.........  Yes--Half-Rate.
(4) DIC..............................  Yes--Full-Rate.........  Yes--Full-Rate if U.S.   Yes--Full-Rate if U.S.
                                                                 citizen or permanent     citizen or permanent
                                                                 resident alien and       resident alien and
                                                                 residing in U.S.         residing in U.S.
                                                                 Otherwise, Half-Rate.    Otherwise, Half-Rate.
(5) Parents' DIC.....................  Yes--Full-Rate.........  Yes--Full-Rate if U.S.   Yes--Full-Rate if U.S.
                                                                 citizen or permanent     citizen or permanent
                                                                 resident alien and       resident alien and
                                                                 residing in U.S.         residing in U.S.
                                                                 Otherwise, Half-Rate.    Otherwise, Half-Rate.
(6) Burial Benefits..................  Yes--Full-Rate.........  Yes--Full-Rate if        Yes--Full-Rate if
                                                                 veteran dies after 12/   veteran dies after 11/
                                                                 15/03 and was a U.S.     1/00 and was a U.S.
                                                                 citizen or permanent     citizen or permanent
                                                                 resident alien and       resident alien and
                                                                 residing in U.S. on      residing in U.S. on
                                                                 date of death (in some   date of death (in some
                                                                 cases). See Sec.         cases). See Sec.
                                                                 5.617 for specific       5.617 for specific
                                                                 requirements. Half-      requirements. Half-
                                                                 Rate if veteran dies     Rate if veteran dies
                                                                 after 12/15/03, but      after 11/1/00 but
                                                                 above criteria not       above criteria not met
                                                                 met. No benefits         or if veteran died
                                                                 payable if veteran       before 11/2/00.
                                                                 died before 12/16/03.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Other sections relevant to claims based on qualifying service 
in the Republic of the Philippines--(1) Affidavits prepared in the 
Republic of the Philippines. See Sec.  5.132.
    (2) Child adopted under foreign law. See Sec.  5.225.
    (3) Dependents' educational assistance for a child based on the 
child's parent's service in the Commonwealth Army of the Philippines or 
as a New Philippine Scout as defined in Sec.  5.610(b), (c), or (d). 
See Sec.  5.586.
    (4) Forfeiture based on fraud or treason committed in the 
Philippine Islands. See Sec. Sec.  5.676 and 5.677.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.613  Payment of disability compensation or dependency and 
indemnity compensation at the full dollar rate for certain Filipino 
veterans or their survivors residing in the U.S.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
    (1) United States means the States, territories, and possessions of 
the United U.S.; the District of Columbia; and the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico.
    (2) Residing in the U.S. means that a person's principal, actual 
residence is in the U.S. and that the person meets the residency 
requirements of paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (3) Citizen of the U.S. means any person who acquires U.S. 
citizenship through birth in the territorial U.S., birth abroad as 
provided under title 8, United States Code, or through naturalization, 
and has not renounced his or her U.S. citizenship, or had such 
citizenship cancelled, revoked, or otherwise discontinued.
    (4) Lawfully admitted for permanent residence means that a person 
has been, and continues to be, lawfully accorded the privilege of 
residing permanently in the U.S. as an immigrant by the U.S. 
Citizenship and Immigration Services under title 8, United States Code.
    (b) Eligibility requirements. Disability compensation or dependency 
and indemnity compensation (DIC) is payable at the full-dollar rate 
based on service described in Sec.  5.610(b), (c), or (d) to a veteran 
or a veteran's survivor who is residing in the U.S. and is either:
    (1) A citizen of the U.S.; or
    (2) An alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the U.S.
    (c) Evidence of eligibility for full-dollar rate benefits--(1) 
Evidence of residency. (i) Evidence establishing that the veteran or 
the veteran's survivor is residing in the U.S. should identify the 
veteran's or veteran's survivor's name and relevant dates, and may 
include:
    (A) A valid driver's license issued by the State of residence;
    (B) Employment records, which may consist of pay stubs, W-2 forms, 
and certification of the filing of Federal, State, or local income tax 
returns;
    (C) Residential leases, rent receipts, utility bills and receipts, 
or other relevant documents showing dates of utility service at a 
leased residence;
    (D) Hospital or medical records showing medical treatment or 
hospitalization, and showing the name

[[Page 71278]]

of the medical facility or treating physician;
    (E) Property tax bills and receipts; and
    (F) School records.
    (ii) A Post Office box mailing address in the veteran's or 
veteran's survivor's name does not constitute evidence showing that the 
veteran or veteran's survivor is lawfully residing in the U.S.
    (2) Evidence of citizenship. A valid original or valid copy of one 
of the following documents is required to prove that the veteran or the 
veteran's survivor is a natural born citizen of the U.S.:
    (i) A U.S. passport;
    (ii) A birth certificate showing that he or she was born in the 
U.S.; or
    (iii) A Report of Birth Abroad of a Citizen of the U.S. issued by a 
U.S. consulate.
    (3) Verification of citizenship. Only verification by the U.S. 
Citizenship and Immigration Services to VA that a veteran or a 
veteran's survivor is a naturalized citizen of the U.S., or a valid 
U.S. passport, will be sufficient proof of such status.
    (4) Verification of permanent resident status. Only verification by 
the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to VA that a veteran or a 
veteran's survivor is an alien lawfully admitted for permanent 
residence in the U.S. will be sufficient proof of such status.
    (d) Continued eligibility.--(1) Present in the U.S. In order to 
continue receiving benefits at the full-dollar rate under this section, 
a veteran or a veteran's survivor must be physically present in the 
U.S. for at least 183 days of each calendar year in which he or she 
receives payments at the full-dollar rate, and may not be absent from 
the U.S. for more than 60 consecutive days at a time, unless good cause 
is shown. When a veteran's or veteran's survivor's absence from the 
U.S. exceeds one of those limits, VA will pay a reduced rate of $0.50 
for each dollar authorized under the law, effective on the date 
determined under Sec.  5.618. If such veteran or veteran's survivor 
returns to the U.S., VA will resume payments at the full-dollar rate, 
effective on the date determined under Sec.  5.614. However, if a 
veteran or a veteran's survivor becomes eligible for full-dollar rate 
benefits for the first time after June 30 of any calendar year, the 
183-day rule will not apply during that calendar year. VA will not 
consider a veteran or a veteran's survivor to have been absent from the 
U.S. if he or she left and returned to the U.S. on the same date.
    (2) Veteran or veteran's survivor leaves U.S. or loses citizenship 
or status. A veteran or a veteran's survivor receiving benefits at the 
full-dollar rate under this section must inform VA no later than 30 
days after leaving the U.S., or no later than 30 days after losing 
either his or her U.S. citizenship or lawful permanent resident alien 
status. When a veteran or a veteran's survivor no longer meets the 
eligibility requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, VA will pay 
a reduced rate of $0.50 for each dollar authorized under the law, 
effective on the date determined under Sec.  5.618. If such veteran or 
veteran's survivor regains his or her U.S. citizenship or lawful 
permanent resident alien status, VA will restore full-dollar rate 
benefits, effective on the date determined under Sec.  5.614.
    (3) Verification of status. When requested to do so by VA, a 
veteran or a veteran's survivor receiving benefits at the full-dollar 
rate under this section must verify that he or she continues to meet 
the residency and citizenship or permanent resident alien status 
requirements of paragraph (b) of this section. VA will advise the 
veteran or the veteran's survivor at the time of the request that the 
verification must be received no later than 60 days after the date of 
the request or else the rate of payment will be reduced. If VA does not 
receive the evidence within 60 days after the date of the request, VA 
will pay a reduced rate of $0.50 for each dollar authorized, effective 
on the date provided in Sec.  5.104, Certifying continuing eligibility 
to receive benefits. If VA subsequently receives the requested evidence 
of continued eligibility, it will resume payments at the full-dollar 
rate, effective on the date determined under Sec.  5.614.
    (4) Change of address. A veteran or a veteran's survivor receiving 
benefits at the full-dollar rate under this section must promptly 
inform VA of any change in his or her address. If mail from VA to the 
veteran or the veteran's survivor is returned to VA by the U.S. Postal 
Service, VA will make reasonable efforts to determine the correct 
mailing address. If VA is unable to determine the correct mailing 
address through reasonable efforts, VA will pay a reduced rate of $0.50 
for each dollar authorized under law, effective on the date determined 
under Sec.  5.618. If VA subsequently receives evidence of a valid U.S. 
mailing address, it will resume payments at the full-dollar rate, 
effective on the date determined under Sec.  5.614.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107, 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``alien'' 
``State''.


Sec.  5.614  Effective dates of benefits at the full-dollar rate for a 
Filipino veteran and his or her survivor.

    Public Laws 106-377 and 108-183, which provide disability 
compensation and dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) at full-
dollar rates to certain Filipino veterans and their survivors, are 
considered liberalizing laws. Accordingly, the provisions of Sec.  
5.152, apply when determining the effective date of an award. If the 
requirements of Sec.  5.152 are not satisfied, then the effective date 
of an award or increased award of benefits at the full-dollar rate 
under Sec.  5.613 will be determined as follows:
    (a) Effective date of initial entitlement to the full-dollar rate. 
The latest of the following dates:
    (1) Date entitlement arose;
    (2) Date on which the veteran or the veteran's survivor first met 
the residency and citizenship or permanent resident alien status 
requirements in Sec.  5.613, if VA receives evidence of this no later 
than 1 year after that date; or
    (3) Effective date of service connection, provided that no later 
than 1 year after VA notifies the veteran or the veteran's survivor 
that it has granted service connection, VA receives evidence that he or 
she meets the residency and citizenship or permanent resident alien 
status requirements in Sec.  5.613.
    (b) Effective date of resumption of the full-dollar rate. Depending 
on the reason for reduction to the rate of $0.50 for each dollar, the 
effective date of restored eligibility for the full-dollar rate will 
be:
    (1) The date the beneficiary regains his or her U.S. citizenship or 
lawful permanent resident alien status as required in Sec.  5.613;
    (2) The date the veteran or the veteran's survivor returned to the 
U.S. after an absence of more than 60 consecutive days;
    (3) In the case of a veteran or veteran's survivor who was absent 
from the U.S. for a total of 183 days or more and returned to the U.S. 
during the same calendar year, the first day of the following calendar 
year; or
    (4) In the case of a veteran or veteran's survivor who was absent 
from the U.S. for a total of 183 days or more and returned to the U.S. 
in a later calendar year but less than 183 days after the beginning of 
such calendar year, the day following their return.
    (5) In the case of resumption of the full-dollar rate under Sec.  
5.613(d)(3), the date the requested evidence of continued eligibility 
is received by VA; or

[[Page 71279]]

    (6) In the case of resumption of the full-dollar rate under Sec.  
5.613(d)(4), the date VA receives evidence of a valid U.S. mailing 
address.
    (c) When payments at the full-dollar rate will begin after 
eligibility is restored. In the case of a veteran or a veteran's 
survivor whose eligibility is restored under Sec.  5.613, Payment of 
disability compensation or dependency and indemnity compensation at the 
full dollar rate for certain Filipino veterans or their survivors 
residing in the U.S., VA will resume payments at the full-dollar rate, 
if otherwise in order, effective the first day of the month after the 
date established in paragraph (b) of this section. However, such 
increased payments will not be retroactive for more than 1 year before 
the date on which VA receives evidence that the veteran or veteran's 
survivor met the requirements again.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107; Pub. L. 106-377 App. A, 114 Stat. 1441A-
57; Pub. L. 108-183, 117 Stat. 2651)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``alien''.


Sec.  5.615  Parents' dependency and indemnity compensation based on 
certain Philippine service.

    (a) Scope. This regulation applies to claims for parents' 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) based on the following 
types of service, as described in Sec.  5.610:
    (1) Service in the Commonwealth Army of the Philippines;
    (2) Service as a guerrilla; and
    (3) Service as a New Philippine Scout.
    (b) Income limitations. DIC is not payable to a parent whose annual 
income exceeds the limitations set forth in 38 U.S.C. 1315 (b), (c), or 
(d). For parents' DIC, these income limitations will be at a rate of 
$0.50 for each dollar. However, if the beneficiary meets the 
requirements for the full-dollar rate in Sec.  5.613, then these income 
limitations will be at the full-dollar rate.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107; Pub. L. 108-183, 117 Stat. 2651)


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.530 through 5.537, for eligibility 
requirements and payment rules for parents' DIC.


Sec.  5.616  Hospitalization in the Philippines.

    Hospitalization in the Philippines under 38 U.S.C. 1731, 1732, and 
1733 does not qualify the deceased for burial benefits based on death 
while properly hospitalized by VA.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107)


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.630 through 5.653, for burial 
benefits.


Sec.  5.617  Burial benefits at the full-dollar rate for certain 
Filipino veterans residing in the U.S. on the date of death.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
    (1) United States means the States, territories, and possessions of 
the U.S.; the District of Columbia; and the Commonwealth of Puerto 
Rico.
    (2) Residing in the U.S. means a person's principal, actual 
residence was in the U.S. When death occurs outside the U.S., VA will 
consider the deceased person to have been residing in the U.S. on the 
date of death if the person maintained his or her principal, actual 
residence in the U.S. until his or her most recent departure from the 
U.S., and he or she had been physically absent from the U.S. less than 
61 consecutive days when he or she died.
    (3) Citizen of the U.S. means any person who acquires U.S. 
citizenship through birth in the territorial U.S., birth abroad as 
provided under title 8, United States Code, or through naturalization, 
and has not renounced his or her U.S. citizenship, or had such 
citizenship cancelled, revoked, or otherwise discontinued.
    (4) Lawfully admitted for permanent residence means that the person 
had been, and continued to be, lawfully accorded the privilege of 
residing permanently in the U.S. as an immigrant by the U.S. 
Citizenship and Immigration Services under title 8, United States Code, 
on the date of death.
    (b) Eligibility requirements. VA will pay burial benefits under 38 
U.S.C. chapter 23, at the full-dollar rate, based on service described 
in Sec.  5.610(c) or (d) when a person who performed such service dies 
after November 1, 2000, or based on service described in Sec.  5.610(b) 
when a person who performed such service dies after December 15, 2003, 
and was on the date of death:
    (1) Residing in the U.S.; and was
    (2) Either:
    (i) A citizen of the U.S.; or
    (ii) An alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the 
U.S.; and was
    (3) Either:
    (i) Receiving disability compensation under 38 U.S.C. chapter 11; 
or
    (ii) Meeting the disability, income, and net worth requirements of 
Sec.  5.371,and would have been eligible for pension if the veteran's 
service had been deemed to be active military service.
    (c) Evidence of eligibility--(1) Evidence of residency. (i) 
Evidence establishing that the veteran was residing in the U.S. on the 
date of death should identify the veteran's name and relevant dates, 
and may include:
    (A) A valid driver's license issued by the State of residence;
    (B) Employment records, which may consist of pay stubs, W-2 forms, 
and certification of the filing of Federal, State, or local income tax 
returns;
    (C) Residential leases, rent receipts, utility bills and receipts, 
or other relevant documents showing dates of utility service at a 
leased residence;
    (D) Hospital or medical records showing medical treatment or 
hospitalization of the veteran or the veteran's survivor, and showing 
the name of the medical facility or treating physician;
    (E) Property tax bills and receipts; and
    (F) School records.
    (ii) A Post Office box mailing address in the veteran's name does 
not constitute evidence showing that the veteran was lawfully residing 
in the U.S. on the date of death.
    (2) Evidence of citizenship. In a claim for full-dollar rate burial 
payments based on the deceased veteran having been a natural born 
citizen of the U.S., a valid original or valid copy of one of the 
following documents is required:
    (i) A U.S. passport;
    (ii) A birth certificate showing that he or she was born in the 
U.S.; or
    (iii) A Report of Birth Abroad of a Citizen of the U.S. issued by a 
U.S. consulate.
    (3) Verification of citizenship. In a claim for full-dollar rate 
burial payments based on the deceased veteran having been a naturalized 
citizen of the U.S., only verification of that status by the U.S. 
Citizenship and Immigration Services to VA, or a valid U.S. passport, 
will be sufficient proof for purposes of eligibility for full-dollar 
rate benefits.
    (4) Verification of permanent resident status. In a claim for full-
dollar rate burial payments based on the deceased veteran having been 
an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the U.S., only 
verification of that status by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration 
Services to VA will be sufficient proof for purposes of eligibility for 
full-dollar rate benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107, 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``alien'' and 
``State''.


Sec.  5.618  Effective dates of reductions and discontinuances for 
benefits at the full-dollar rate for a Filipino veteran and his or her 
survivor.

    (a) General rule. VA will assign an effective date of a reduction 
or discontinuance of benefits payable to a Filipino veteran or the 
veteran's survivor in accordance with Sec.  5.705.
    (b) Discontinuance based on the withdrawal of recognition of 
service. When a discontinuance is based on the

[[Page 71280]]

withdrawal of recognition of service, the discontinuance will be 
effective the first day of the month after the month for which VA last 
paid benefits.
    (c) Reduction of payments from the full-dollar rate to the half-
dollar rate. The effective date of discontinuance of the full-dollar 
rate of payment under Sec.  5.613, and reduction to the $0.50 rate of 
payment will be the earliest of the dates stated in this section. Where 
an award is reduced, the reduced rate will be effective the day after 
the date of discontinuance of the greater benefit.
    (1) Absence from U.S. for 183 days or more. If a veteran or a 
veteran's survivor receiving benefits at the full-dollar rate under 
Sec.  5.613 is physically absent from the U.S. for a total of 183 days 
or more during any calendar year, VA will pay a reduced rate of $0.50 
for each dollar authorized under the law, effective on the 183rd day of 
absence from the U.S.
    (2) Absence from U.S. for more than 60 consecutive days. If a 
veteran or a veteran's survivor receiving benefits at the full-dollar 
rate under Sec.  5.613 is physically absent from the U.S. for more than 
60 consecutive days, VA will pay a reduced rate of $0.50 for each 
dollar authorized under the law, effective on the 61st day of the 
absence.
    (3) Loss of U.S. citizenship or status. If a veteran or a veteran's 
survivor receiving benefits at the full-dollar rate under Sec.  5.613 
loses either U.S. citizenship or status as an alien lawfully admitted 
for permanent residence in the U.S., VA will pay a reduced rate of 
$0.50 for each dollar authorized under the law, effective on the day he 
or she no longer satisfies one of these criteria.
    (4) Verification of status. In the case of a veteran or a veteran's 
survivor receiving benefits at the full-dollar rate under Sec.  5.613, 
if VA requests evidence of verification of continued eligibility under 
Sec.  5.613, but does not receive such evidence within 60 days after 
such request, VA will pay a reduced rate of $0.50 for each dollar 
authorized under the law, effective as provided in Sec.  5.104.
    (5) Change of address. If mail to a veteran or a veteran's survivor 
receiving benefits at the full-dollar rate under Sec.  5.613 is 
returned to VA by the U.S. Postal Service, VA will make reasonable 
efforts to determine the correct mailing address. If VA is unable to 
determine the veteran's or the veteran's survivor's correct address 
through reasonable efforts, VA will pay a reduced rate of $0.50 for 
each dollar authorized under law, effective the first day of the month 
after the month for which VA last paid benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 107)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``alien''. Sec.  
5.705, General effective dates of reduction or discontinuance of 
benefits.


Sec. Sec.  5.619-5.629  [Reserved]

Subpart J--Burial Benefits

Burial Benefits: General


Sec.  5.630  Types of VA burial benefits.

    (a) Burial benefits. VA provides the following types of burial 
benefits, which are discussed in Sec. Sec.  5.631 through 5.653:
    (1) Burial allowance based on service-connected death;
    (2) Burial allowance based on nonservice-connected death;
    (3) Burial allowance for a veteran who died while hospitalized by 
VA;
    (4) Burial plot or interment allowance; and
    (5) Allowance for transportation of remains.
    (b) Definition. For purposes of this subpart, burial means all the 
legal methods of disposing of the remains of a deceased person, 
including, but not limited to, cremation, burial at sea, and medical 
school donation.
    (c) Cross references. (1) Other benefits and services related to 
the memorialization or interment of a deceased veteran include the 
following:
    (A) Burial in a national cemetery (see Sec. Sec.  38.600 through 
38.629 of this chapter);
    (B) Presidential memorial certificates (see 38 U.S.C. 112);
    (C) Burial flags (see Sec.  1.10 of this chapter); and
    (D) Headstones or markers (see Sec. Sec.  38.630 through 38.633 of 
this chapter).
    (2) The provisions of Sec. Sec.  5.631 through 5.653 do not apply 
to any of the programs listed in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.


Sec.  5.631  Deceased veterans for whom VA may provide burial benefits.

    For purposes of providing burial benefits under subpart J of this 
part, a ``veteran'' is a person who:
    (a) Had active military service and who was discharged or released 
under conditions other than dishonorable;
    (b) Died during authorized travel to or from a period of active 
duty under Sec.  5.29(a)(1); or
    (c) Is entitled to a burial benefit based on a specific provision 
of law.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(2), 2302, 2307)

Sec.  5.632  Persons who may receive burial benefits.

    VA may grant a claim for burial benefits that any person files for 
a burial expense that is reimbursable under subpart J of this part, up 
to the amount of the applicable statutory burial allowance or a plot or 
interment allowance. Except in claims a State or an agency or political 
subdivision of a State files under Sec.  5.636(a)(2) or Sec.  5.645(a), 
such persons generally include (but are not limited to) the following:
    (a) The funeral director, if all or any part of the bill is unpaid.
    (b) Any person who used personal funds to pay or help pay burial 
expenses.
    (c) The executor or administrator of the estate of any person, 
including the estate of the deceased veteran, who prepaid the burial 
expenses. If no executor or administrator has been appointed, VA may 
pay burial benefits based on a claim filed by a person acting for such 
estate who will make distribution of the burial benefits to the person 
or persons entitled to such distribution under the laws of the 
veteran's last State of residence.
    (d) In a claim for a plot or interment allowance under Sec.  
5.645(b), the person or entity from whom the burial plot was purchased, 
if all or any part of the bill is unpaid.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2302, 2307)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.633  Claims for burial benefits.

    (a) When claims must be filed--(1) General rule. Except as provided 
in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, VA must receive claims for the 
nonservice-connected burial allowance no later than 2 years after the 
burial of the veteran. If VA denies a claim for nonservice-connected 
burial allowance, the claimant has 2 years after the burial of the 
veteran to reopen the claim. There are no other time limitations to 
file claims for burial benefits under subpart J of this part.
    (2) Correction of character of discharge. If a burial benefit was 
not payable at the time of the death or burial of the veteran because 
of the nature of the veteran's discharge from service, VA may pay the 
allowance if competent authority corrects a deceased veteran's 
discharge to reflect a discharge under conditions other than 
dishonorable. Claims for the nonservice-connected burial allowance must 
be filed no later than 2 years after the date that the discharge was 
corrected.
    (b) Supporting evidence--(1) General rule. In order to pay burial 
benefits, VA must receive all of the following:
    (i) A claim.
    (ii) Proof of the veteran's death in accordance with Sec.  5.500.

[[Page 71281]]

    (iii) A statement of account, preferably on letterhead or in the 
form of an invoice from the funeral director or cemetery owner, 
showing: The name of the deceased veteran; the plot or interment 
expenses incurred; the dates of, and expenses incurred for, services 
rendered; the expenses incurred for any merchandise provided; any 
credits or payments received; and the unpaid balance.
    (iv) A receipt, preferably on letterhead directly from the funeral 
director or cemetery owner, or such person's representative, showing by 
whom payment was made, and the name of the deceased veteran. Receipts 
for transportation charges must also show the dates of the services 
rendered.
    (v) If an heir files the claim for burial expenses paid using funds 
from the veteran's estate or some other deceased person's estate, the 
claim must include waivers or evidence of unconditional consent from 
all other heirs, and the identity and right of all other persons to 
share in that estate must have been established at the time that each 
such person executed the waiver or gave consent.
    (2) Nonservice-connected deaths. In the case of a veteran whose 
death was not service connected, VA may establish qualifying service 
based upon evidence of service that VA relied upon to grant disability 
compensation or pension during the veteran's lifetime, unless there is 
some other evidence which creates doubt as to the correctness of that 
evidence of service.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2304, 5107(a))


Sec.  5.634  Reimbursable burial expenses: general.

    (a) General rule. The term burial expenses as used in subpart J of 
this part means expenses of the funeral, transportation, and plot or 
interment of a deceased veteran. Generally, VA will reimburse the 
burial expenses identified in this subpart as reimbursable, up to the 
applicable statutory limit.
    (b) Non-reimbursable burial expenses. VA will not reimburse for 
burial expenses incurred for any of the following:
    (1) Flags. A privately purchased burial flag, except when VA was 
unable to provide a burial flag.
    (2) Duplicate items. Any item or service, such as clothing or a 
casket, previously provided or paid for by the U.S. Government for 
burial purposes.
    (3) Accessory items. An item or service that is not necessary or 
related to the funeral, burial, or transportation of the deceased 
veteran.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2301, 2302, 2303(a), 2307)

Sec.  5.635  Reimbursable transportation expenses for a veteran who is 
buried in a national cemetery or who died while hospitalized by VA.

    ``Transportation expenses'' for purposes of Sec. Sec.  5.639 and 
5.644 include, but are not limited to, the following expenses:
    (a) Shipment by common carrier--(1) Pickup of remains. Charge for 
pickup of remains from place hospitalized or place of death but not to 
exceed the usual and customary charge made to the general public for 
the same service.
    (2) Shipment. Procuring permit for shipment.
    (3) Shipping case. When a box purchased for burial purposes is also 
used as the shipping case, the amount payable may not exceed the usual 
and customary charge for a shipping case. In any such instance, any 
excess amount would be an acceptable item to be reimbursed as a burial 
expense.
    (4) Sealing. Expense of sealing outside case (tin or galvanized 
iron), if a vault (steel or concrete) is used as a shipping case and 
also for burial, an allowance of $30 may be made thereon in lieu of a 
separate shipping case.
    (5) Hearse to common carrier. Expense of hearse to the point where 
remains are to be placed on common carrier for shipment.
    (6) Transportation and Federal taxes. Expense of transportation by 
common carrier, including amounts paid as Federal taxes.
    (7) Removal by hearse. Expense of one removal by hearse direct from 
common carrier plus one later removal by hearse to place of burial.
    (b) Transported by hearse.--(1) Charges. Charge for pickup of 
remains from place hospitalized or place of death and charge for one 
later removal by hearse to place of burial. These charges will not 
exceed those made to the general public for the same services.
    (2) Limitation on charges. Payment of hearse charges for 
transporting the remains over long distances are limited to prevailing 
common carrier rates when common carrier service is available and can 
be easily and effectively utilized.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2303, 2308)

Sec.  5.636  Burial of a veteran whose remains are unclaimed.

    (a) Unclaimed veteran's remains; burial allowance based on 
nonservice-connected death. When a veteran's remains are unclaimed, 
burial allowance is payable either:
    (1) Under Sec.  5.643, if the requirements of that section are met; 
or
    (2) If a deceased veteran either served during wartime (as defined 
in Sec.  5.20) or was discharged or released from active military 
service for a disability incurred or aggravated in the line of duty and 
the following conditions are met:
    (i) The remains of the deceased veteran are being held by a State 
(or a political subdivision of a State); and
    (ii) An appropriate official of the State (or a political 
subdivision of the State) where the remains are being held certifies in 
writing that:
    (A) There is no next of kin or other person claiming the remains of 
the deceased veteran; and
    (B) There are not sufficient resources available in the veteran's 
estate to cover the burial expenses.
    (b) Unclaimed veteran's remains: burial allowance based on service-
connected death. Benefits are payable under Sec.  5.638 if the 
requirements of that section are met.
    (c) Plot or interment allowance. Benefits are payable under Sec.  
5.645 if the requirements of that section are met.
    (d) Burial. When a veteran's remains are unclaimed, the Director of 
the VA regional office in the area in which the veteran died will 
immediately complete arrangements for burial in a national cemetery or, 
at his or her option, in a cemetery or cemetery section meeting the 
requirements of Sec.  5.645(a), if the burial expenses do not exceed 
the total amount payable had burial been in a national cemetery.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2302(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.637  [Reserved]

Burial Benefits: Allowances & Expenses Paid by VA


Sec.  5.638  Burial allowance based on service-connected death.

    (a) General rule. VA will pay a burial allowance of up to the 
amount specified in 38 U.S.C. 2307 to reimburse a claimant for the 
burial expenses paid for a veteran who died as a result of a service-
connected disability or disabilities (as described in Sec.  5.504). 
Subject to paragraph (c) of this section, payment of the service-
connected burial allowance is in lieu of other allowances authorized by 
subpart J of this part.
    (b) Exceptions. VA will not pay the service-connected burial 
allowance if:
    (1) Disability compensation for the cause of death is payable only 
under 38 U.S.C. 1151 (which provides compensation where a disability or 
death was caused by VA hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, 
examination, training and rehabilitation

[[Page 71282]]

services, or compensated work therapy program); or
    (2) The basis of the claim for burial allowance is entitlement to 
dependency and indemnity compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1318 (which 
provides for benefits for a survivor of certain veterans rated totally 
disabled on the date of death as if the cause of death were service 
connected).
    (c) Additional allowances available based on service-connected 
death. In addition to the service-connected burial allowance authorized 
by this section:
    (1) VA may reimburse for transportation expenses related to burial 
in a national cemetery under Sec.  5.639; and
    (2) VA may pay the plot or interment allowance for burial in a 
State veterans cemetery under Sec.  5.645(a).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2307, 2308)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.639  Transportation expenses for burial in a national cemetery.

    (a) Eligibility. VA will pay for the expense incurred, subject to 
paragraph (b) of this section, to transport a veteran's remains for 
burial in a national cemetery if the veteran:
    (1) Died as the result of a service-connected disability;
    (2) Was receiving service-connected disability compensation on the 
date of death; or
    (3) Would have been receiving service-connected disability 
compensation on the date of death, but for the receipt of military 
retired pay or nonservice-connected disability pension.
    (b) Eligibility exceptions. VA will not provide payment under this 
section if:
    (1) Disability compensation for the cause of death is payable only 
under 38 U.S.C. 1151 (which provides compensation where a disability or 
death was caused by VA hospital care, medical or surgical treatment, 
examination, training and rehabilitation services, or compensated work 
therapy program); or
    (2) The basis of the claim for transportation expenses is 
entitlement to dependency and indemnity compensation under 38 U.S.C. 
1318 (which provides for benefits for a survivor of certain veterans 
rated totally disabled on the date of death as if the cause of death 
was service connected).
    (c) Amount payable. The amount payable under this section will not 
exceed the cost of transporting the remains to the national cemetery 
closest to the veteran's last place of residence in which burial space 
is available, and is subject to the limitations set forth in Sec. Sec.  
5.635 (relating to reimbursable transportation expenses) and 5.651 
(relating to the effect of contributions by government, public, or 
private organizations).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2308)

Sec. Sec.  5.640-5.642   [Reserved]


Sec.  5.643  Burial allowance based on nonservice-connected death.

    (a) General rule. VA will pay a burial allowance of up to the 
amount specified in 38 U.S.C. 2302 to reimburse a claimant for the 
burial expenses paid for a veteran described in paragraph (b) of this 
section. Payment of the nonservice-connected burial allowance is 
subject to the applicable further regulations in subpart J of this 
part.
    (b) Eligibility. VA will pay a nonservice-connected burial 
allowance under this section for a veteran whose death was not service 
connected (as described in Sec.  5.504), that is, was not the result of 
a service-connected disability or disabilities, when the deceased 
veteran on the date of death:
    (1) Was receiving VA pension or disability compensation;
    (2) Would have been receiving disability compensation but for the 
receipt of military retired pay; or
    (3) Had any of the following claims pending:
    (i) An original claim for pension or disability compensation, and 
the evidence in the claims file on the date of death and any evidence 
received under paragraph (d) of this section was sufficient to grant 
pension or disability compensation effective before the date of death; 
or
    (ii) A claim to reopen a pension or disability compensation claim, 
based on new and material evidence, and the evidence in the claims file 
on the date of the veteran's death and any evidence received under 
paragraph (d) of this section was sufficient to reopen the claim and 
grant pension or disability compensation effective before the date of 
death.
    (c) Evidence in the claims file on the date of the veteran's death 
means evidence in VA's possession on or before the date of the deceased 
veteran's death, even if such evidence was not physically located in 
the VA claims file before the date of death.
    (d) Requesting additional evidence. If the veteran had either an 
original claim or a claim to reopen pending on the date of death but 
the information in the claims file was not sufficient to grant pension 
or disability compensation effective before the date of death, and VA 
determines that additional evidence is needed to confirm that the 
deceased would have been entitled prior to death, VA will request such 
evidence. If VA does not receive such evidence within 1 year after the 
date of the request, the claim will be denied.
    (e) Additional allowances available based on nonservice-connected 
death. In addition to the nonservice-connected burial allowance 
authorized by this section:
    (1) VA may reimburse for transportation expenses related to burial 
in a national cemetery under Sec.  5.639, but only if entitlement under 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section is based on a claim for 
or award of disability compensation, rather than a claim for or award 
of pension; and
    (2) VA may pay the plot or interment allowance for burial in a 
State veterans cemetery under Sec.  5.645(a).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2302, 2304)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.644  Burial allowance for a veteran who died while hospitalized 
by VA.

    (a) General rule. VA will pay a burial allowance of up to the 
amount specified in 38 U.S.C. 2303(a) to reimburse a claimant for the 
burial expenses paid for a veteran described in paragraph (b) of this 
section. VA may pay an additional amount for transportation of the 
remains to the place of burial, as described in paragraph (d) of this 
section. VA may pay an additional amount for the burial plot, as 
described in Sec.  5.645. Payment under this section is subject to the 
applicable further regulations in subpart J of this part.
    (b) Eligibility for burial allowance. A burial allowance is payable 
under this section for a veteran whose death was not service connected 
and who died while hospitalized by VA. For purposes of this allowance, 
a veteran was hospitalized by VA if the veteran:
    (1) Was admitted to a VA facility (as described in 38 U.S.C. 
1701(3)) for hospital, nursing home, or domiciliary care under the 
authority of 38 U.S.C. 1710 or 1711(a);
    (2) Was transferred or admitted to a non-VA facility (as described 
in 38 U.S.C. 1701(4)) for hospital care under the authority of 38 
U.S.C. 1703;
    (3) Was transferred or admitted to a nursing home for nursing home 
care at the expense of the U.S. under the authority of 38 U.S.C. 1720;
    (4) Was transferred or admitted to a State nursing home for nursing 
home care for which payment is authorized under the authority of 38 
U.S.C. 1741;
    (5) Died while traveling under proper prior authorization, and at 
VA expense,

[[Page 71283]]

to or from a specified place for purpose of examination, treatment, or 
care; or
    (6) Was hospitalized by VA pursuant to paragraphs (b)(1) through 
(4) of this section but was not at the VA facility at the time of death 
and was:
    (i) On authorized absence that did not exceed 96 hours at the time 
of death;
    (ii) On unauthorized absence for a period not in excess of 24 hours 
at the time of death; or
    (iii) Absent from the hospital for a period not in excess of 24 
hours of combined authorized and unauthorized absence at the time of 
death.
    (c) Hospitalization in the Philippines. Hospitalization in the 
Philippines under 38 U.S.C. 1731, 1732, and 1733 does not meet the 
requirements of this section.
    (d) Reimbursement of transportation expenses. In addition to the 
burial allowance authorized by this section, VA will reimburse for the 
expense of transportation of the remains of a person described in 
paragraph (b) of this section to the place of burial where death 
occurs:
    (1) Within a State; or
    (2) Within a State but the burial is to be outside of a State, 
except that reimbursement for the expense of transportation of the 
remains will be authorized only from the place of death to the port of 
embarkation, or to the border limits of the U.S. where burial is in 
Canada or Mexico.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2303, 2307)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``nursing home'' 
and ``State''.


Sec.  5.645  Plot or interment allowance.

    (a) Plot or interment allowance for burial in a State veterans 
cemetery. VA will pay the plot or interment allowance in the maximum 
amount specified in 38 U.S.C. 2303(b)(1) to a State, or an agency or 
political subdivision of a State, that provided a burial plot for a 
veteran (without regard to whether any other burial benefits were 
provided based on that veteran) when:
    (1) The veteran was eligible for burial in a national cemetery 
under 38 U.S.C. 2402, but was not buried in a national cemetery or 
other cemetery under the jurisdiction of the U.S.;
    (2) The State is claiming the plot or interment allowance for 
burial of the veteran in a cemetery, or section of a cemetery, owned by 
the State or agency or subdivision of the State;
    (3) The State or agency or political subdivision of the State did 
not charge for the expense of the plot or interment; and
    (4) The state uses the cemetery, or section of a cemetery solely 
for the interment of any or all of the following:
    (i) Persons eligible for burial in a national cemetery;
    (ii) In a claim based on a veteran dying after October 31, 2000, 
deceased members of a reserve component of the Armed Forces not 
otherwise eligible for interment in a national cemetery; or
    (iii) In a claim based on a veteran dying after October 31, 2000, 
deceased former members of a reserve component of the Armed Forces not 
otherwise eligible for interment in a national cemetery who were 
discharged or released from service under conditions other than 
dishonorable.
    (b) Plot or interment allowance payable based on burial in other 
than a State veterans cemetery. VA will provide a plot or interment 
allowance of up to the amount specified in 38 U.S.C. 2303(b)(2) to 
reimburse a claimant who incurred plot or interment expenses relating 
to the purchase of a burial plot for a deceased veteran who was 
eligible for burial in a national cemetery under 38 U.S.C. 2402 but was 
not buried in a national cemetery or other cemetery under the 
jurisdiction of the U.S. and who:
    (1) Is eligible for a burial allowance under Sec.  5.643 or Sec.  
5.644;
    (2) Was discharged from active military service for a disability 
incurred in or aggravated in the line of duty (because in such cases, 
VA will accept the official service record as proof of eligibility for 
the plot or interment allowance and VA will disregard any previous VA 
determination made in connection with a claim for monetary benefits 
that the disability was not incurred or aggravated in the line of 
duty); or
    (3) Who, at the time of discharge from active military service, had 
a disability, shown by official service records, which in medical 
judgment would have justified a discharge for disability.
    (c) Definitions. For purposes of subpart J of this part, plot or 
burial plot means the final disposal site of the remains, whether it is 
a grave, mausoleum vault, columbarium niche, or other similar place. 
Plot or interment expenses are those expenses associated with the final 
disposition of the remains and are not confined to the acts done within 
the burial grounds but may include the removal of remains for burial or 
interment.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 2303(b))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec. Sec.  5.646-5.648   [Reserved]

Burial Benefits: Other


Sec.  5.649  Priority of payments when there is more than one claimant.

    (a) Persons who performed services or provided items. VA will 
reimburse, before all other claimants, a claimant who performed 
services or provided items (including, but not limited to, a burial 
plot) and who has not been fully paid for the services or items.
    (b) Two or more persons used personal funds. If two or more 
claimants have paid personal funds toward the burial expenses, VA will 
divide the applicable burial benefit(s) among such claimants in 
proportion to the share each paid.
    (c) Personal funds and veteran's estate. VA will reimburse a 
claimant who used his or her personal funds before VA will reimburse 
the estate of the deceased veteran for amounts that the estate paid 
toward allowable burial expenses.
    (d) Plot or interment allowance. (1) An unpaid bill for a burial 
plot will take priority in payment of the plot or interment allowance 
over claims for other plot or interment expenses. Any remaining balance 
of the plot or interment allowance may then be applied to the other 
plot or interment expenses.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, VA 
will provide the entire plot or interment allowance under Sec.  
5.645(a), to an eligible State, or an agency or political subdivision 
of a State, rather than any other claimant for plot or interment 
allowance.
    (e) Exceptions for waivers. Any claimant may waive his or her right 
to receive burial benefits in favor of another claimant. However, even 
if a claimant waives his or her right in favor of a particular 
claimant, VA may not pay that the later claimant more than that 
claimant personally paid toward allowable burial expenses.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2302, 2307)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``State''.


Sec.  5.650  Escheat (payment of burial benefits to an estate with no 
heirs).

    VA will not pay burial benefits when the payment would escheat 
(that is, would be turned over to the State because there are no heirs 
to the estate of the person to whom such benefits would be paid).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


[[Page 71284]]




Sec.  5.651  Effect of contributions by government, public, or private 
organizations.

    (a) Contributions by government or employer. If a claimant files a 
claim for nonservice-connected burial benefits and the U.S., a State, 
any agency or political subdivision of the U.S. or of a State, or the 
employer of the deceased veteran has paid or contributed to burial 
expenses, then VA will reimburse the claimant up to the lesser of:
    (1) The allowable statutory amount; or
    (2) The amount of the total burial expenses minus the amount of 
burial expenses paid by any or all of the organizations described in 
this paragraph (a).
    (b) Contributions or payments by any other public or private 
organization. Contributions or payments by any other public or private 
organization, such as a lodge, union, fraternal or beneficial 
organization, society, burial association, or insurance company, will 
bar payment of nonservice-connected burial benefits if such benefits 
would revert to the funds of such organization or would discharge such 
organization's obligation without payment. This section does not apply 
to contributions or payments on the burial expenses made for 
humanitarian reasons if the organization making the contribution or 
payment is under no legal obligation to do so.
    (c) Burial expenses paid by other agencies of the U.S.--(1) Burial 
allowance when Federal law or regulation also provides for payment. VA 
cannot pay the nonservice-connected burial allowance when any Federal 
law or regulation also specifically provides for the payment of the 
deceased veteran's burial expenses. However, VA will pay the 
nonservice-connected burial allowance when a Federal law or regulation 
allows the payment of burial expenses using funds due, or accrued to 
the credit of, the deceased (such as Social Security benefits), but the 
law or regulation does not specifically require such payment. In such 
cases, VA will pay the difference between the total burial expenses and 
the amount paid thereon under such provision, not to exceed the amount 
specified in 38 U.S.C. 2302.
    (2) Payment by service department. VA will not pay the burial 
allowance for deaths occurring during active military service or for 
other deaths where the service department pays the burial expenses.
    (3) When a veteran dies while hospitalized. When a veteran dies 
while hospitalized at the expense of the U.S. government (including, 
but not limited to, death in a VA facility), the veteran's service 
department may be authorized to pay burial benefits under 10 U.S.C. 
1481 or to reimburse a person who paid such expenses under 10 U.S.C. 
1482. The deceased veteran may also qualify for VA burial benefits. 
Only one of these benefits is payable. VA will attempt to locate the 
nearest relative or person entitled to reimbursement and will ask that 
person to elect between these benefits.
    (d) Effect of payments made to a designated beneficiary of contract 
or insurance policy. A contract or insurance policy that provides for 
payment on the death of a veteran to a designated beneficiary, who is 
not the person who actually provided the burial and funeral services, 
will not bar VA's payment of burial benefits to the beneficiary. 
Payment is not barred even if the organization that issued the contract 
or policy has the option of making payment directly to the provider of 
the burial and funeral services.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2302(b), 2307)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``political 
subdivision of the U.S.'' and ``State''.


Sec.  5.652  Effect of forfeiture on payment of burial benefits.

    (a) Forfeiture for fraud. VA will pay burial benefits, if otherwise 
in order, based on a deceased veteran who forfeited his or her right to 
receive benefits due to fraud under Sec.  5.676. However, VA will not 
pay burial benefits to a claimant who participated in fraudulent 
activity that resulted in forfeiture under Sec.  5.676.
    (b) Forfeiture for treasonable acts or for subversive activity. VA 
will not pay burial benefits based on a period of service commencing 
before the date of commission of the offense where either the veteran 
or claimant has forfeited the right to all benefits except insurance 
payments under Sec.  5.677, or Sec.  5.678, because of a treasonable 
act or subversive activities, unless the offense was pardoned by the 
President of the U.S.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 6103, 6104, 6105)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.653  Eligibility based on status before 1958.

    When any person dies who had a status under any law in effect on 
December 31, 1957, that afforded entitlement to burial benefits, the 
burial allowance will be paid, if otherwise in order, even though such 
status does not meet the service requirements of 38 U.S.C. chapter 23.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 2305)

Sec. Sec.  5.654-5.659   [Reserved]

Subpart K--Matters Affecting the Receipt of Benefits

Bars to Benefits


Sec.  5.660  In the line of duty.

    (a) Effect of line of duty findings on claims adjudication. Except 
as provided in Sec. Sec.  5.246 and Sec.  5.247, VA may grant service 
connection only for a disability or death that was incurred or 
aggravated in the line of duty.
    (b) Definition. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this 
section, an injury, disease, or cause of death was incurred or 
aggravated ``in the line of duty'' when that injury, disease, or cause 
of death was incurred or aggravated during a period of active military 
service and was not the result of either of the following actions:
    (1) The veteran's willful misconduct under Sec.  5.661; or
    (2) The veteran's abuse of alcohol or drugs under Sec.  5.662.
    (c) Exceptions. An injury, disease, or cause of death does not meet 
line of duty requirements if it was incurred or aggravated at a time 
that the veteran was:
    (1) Avoiding duty by desertion;
    (2) Absent without leave, which materially interfered with the 
performance of military duty;
    (3) Confined under a sentence of court-martial involving an 
unremitted dishonorable discharge; or
    (4) Confined under sentence of a court other than a U.S. military 
court for a felony under the laws of the jurisdiction of such court.
    (d) Weight given service department findings. A service department 
finding that an injury, disease, or death occurred in the line of duty 
will be binding on VA unless the finding is patently inconsistent with 
the laws administered by VA.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 101(16), 105, 1110, 1131)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``drugs'' and 
``willful misconduct''. Sec.  5.140(b), Determining former prisoner of 
war status, (concerning whether the detention or internment of a former 
prisoner of war was in the line of duty).


Sec.  5.661  Willful misconduct.

    (a) Definitions. See Sec.  5.1 for the definitions of ``willful 
misconduct,'' ``proximately caused,'' and ``drugs''.
    (b) Effect of willful misconduct findings on claims adjudication. 
(1) VA may not grant service connection for a disability or death 
resulting from injury or disease proximately caused by the

[[Page 71285]]

veteran's willful misconduct, and VA may not pay disability 
compensation for disability due to such injury, disease, or death. This 
paragraph (b) applies to service connection established under any 
provision of this part, including, but not limited to, Sec. Sec.  5.246 
and 5.247. It also applies to compensation awarded under Sec.  5.350.
    (2) VA may not grant disability or death pension for any condition 
proximately caused by the veteran's willful misconduct.
    (c) Use of alcohol or drugs constituting willful misconduct--(1) 
Alcohol. (i) If a person consumes alcoholic beverages to the point of 
intoxication and that intoxication proximately causes injury, disease, 
or death, VA will consider the injury, disease, or death to have been 
proximately caused by willful misconduct.
    (ii) Organic diseases and injuries that are proximately caused by 
the chronic use of alcohol as a beverage will not be considered of 
willful misconduct origin. However, Sec.  5.662(b), may preclude VA 
from awarding service connection for such diseases or injuries.
    (2) Drugs. (i) If a person uses drugs in a manner not legally 
prescribed to the point of intoxication and that intoxication 
proximately causes injury, disease, or death, VA will consider the 
injury, disease, or death to have been proximately caused by willful 
misconduct.
    (ii) Organic diseases that are proximately caused by the chronic 
use of drugs and infections coinciding with the injection of drugs will 
not be considered of willful misconduct origin. However, VA may be 
precluded by Sec.  5.662(b) from awarding service connection for such 
diseases.
    (iii) The use of drugs as directed for therapeutic purposes is not 
willful misconduct.
    (iv) The use of drugs proximately caused by a service-connected 
disability is not willful misconduct.
    (d) Suicide constituting willful misconduct--(1) General rule. (i) 
If an act of self-destruction is intentional, it constitutes willful 
misconduct.
    (ii) A person of unsound mind is incapable of forming an intent 
(mens rea, or guilty mind, which is an essential element of crime or 
willful misconduct).
    (iii) In order for a death resulting from suicide to be service 
connected, the precipitating mental unsoundness be service connected.
    (2) Evidence of mental condition. (i) Whether a person, at the time 
of suicide, was so unsound mentally that he or she did not realize the 
consequences of such an act, or was unable to resist such impulse is a 
question to be determined in each individual case, based on all 
available lay and medical evidence pertaining to his or her mental 
condition at the time of suicide.
    (ii) VA considers the act of suicide or a bona fide attempt to be 
evidence of mental unsoundness. Therefore, where the evidence shows no 
reasonable, adequate motive for suicide, VA will consider the act to 
have resulted from mental unsoundness.
    (iii) Competent evidence showing circumstances which could lead a 
rational person to self-destruction may establish a reasonable, 
adequate motive for suicide.
    (3) Evaluation of evidence. (i) Competent evidence is necessary to 
justify reversal of service department findings of mental unsoundness 
where VA's criteria do not otherwise warrant contrary findings.
    (ii) In all instances, reasonable doubt should be resolved in favor 
of supporting a finding of service connection (see Sec.  5.249).
    (e) Venereal disease. VA will not consider the residuals of 
venereal disease to be the result of willful misconduct. Whether the 
veteran complied with service regulations and directives for reporting 
the disease and undergoing treatment is immaterial after November 14, 
1972, and the service department characterization of acquisition of the 
disease as willful misconduct or as not in the line of duty will not 
govern.
    (f) Weight to be given to service department findings. A service 
department finding that willful misconduct did not proximately cause 
injury, disease, or death will be binding on VA unless it is clearly 
and unmistakably inconsistent with the facts and the laws administered 
by VA.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 105, 501(a), 1110, 1131, 1151, 1521)

Sec.  5.662  Alcohol and drug abuse.

    (a) Definitions.--(1) Alcohol abuse means the consumption of 
alcoholic beverages over time, or excessive use at any one time.
    (2) Drug abuse means the intentional use of drugs for a purpose 
other than their medically intended use or in a manner not prescribed 
or directed.
    (b) Service connection for alcohol or drug abuse. Except as 
provided in paragraph (c) of this section, VA will not deem an injury 
or disease incurred during active military service to have been 
incurred in the line of duty if the abuse of alcohol or drugs 
proximately caused such injury or disease.
    (c) Alcohol or drug abuse related to, or a part of, a service-
connected injury or disease. (1) VA may grant service connection for a 
disability or death proximately caused by the abuse of alcohol or drugs 
that is secondary to a service-connected injury or disease.
    (2) VA will consider the effect of the abuse of alcohol or drugs in 
evaluating the severity of a service-connected disability under the 
Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter if competent 
evidence shows that the service-connected disability proximately caused 
the abuse of alcohol or drugs.
    (d) Accidental use. The accidental use of prescription or non-
prescription drugs or other substances is not drug abuse unless the 
accident was due to impaired judgment caused by one or more of the 
following elements:
    (1) Alcohol abuse;
    (2) Drug abuse; or
    (3) The use of alcohol or drugs constituting willful misconduct 
under Sec.  5.661(c), Willful misconduct.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 105(a), 501(a), 1110, 1131)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``drugs,'' 
``proximately caused,'' and ``willful misconduct''.


Sec.  5.663  Homicide as a bar to benefits.

    (a) Definitions. The following definitions apply to this section:
    (1) Excuse means that the death was caused by a person who was 
insane at the time of the act causing the death.
    (2) Homicide means intentionally causing the death of a person, 
without excuse or justification. Homicide includes causing the death of 
the person directly or abetting someone else in causing the death.
    (3) Justification means that there was a lawful reason for causing 
the death, including, but not limited to, acting in self-defense or in 
defense of another person, as provided in paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (b) Homicide as a bar to benefits. VA will not award pension, 
disability compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation 
(including benefits under 38 U.S.C. 1318), or any increase in those 
benefits, to which the person responsible for the homicide would 
otherwise be entitled because of the death of the person slain.
    (c) Self-defense, or defense of another. A killing is justified as 
having been committed in self-defense or defense of another if the 
evidence establishes that the killer reasonably believed that:
    (1) He or she, or another person, was in immediate danger of death 
or serious bodily harm from the deceased;

[[Page 71286]]

    (2) There was no way to escape or retreat in order to avoid the 
danger of death or serious bodily harm; and
    (3) The action causing the death was necessary to avoid the danger 
of death or serious bodily harm.
    (d) Effect of court of law proceeding on VA finding of homicide--
(1) Conviction. Subject to the requirement of intent in paragraph (a) 
of this section, VA will accept a court of law conviction of homicide 
as binding.
    (2) Other situations. In all other situations, including those in 
which a court acquitted the person of criminal charges or reversed the 
conviction on appeal and the person has not been retried, VA will 
determine whether the evidence clearly and unmistakably demonstrates 
that the person committed or abetted the commission of the homicide, as 
defined in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (e) Effect of court of law proceeding on VA finding of insanity at 
time of killing. VA will accept as binding a court's determination that 
a person was insane at the time of the killing. In other cases, if 
insanity is alleged, VA will determine whether the person was insane.
    (f) Effect of homicide on eligibility for death benefits--(1) 
General rule. The general rule is that VA will make payments to 
eligible innocent beneficiaries as if the person who committed the 
homicide did not exist.
    (2) Homicide of a veteran by the veteran's spouse. If a veteran's 
spouse commits homicide of the veteran, VA will pay benefits to the 
veteran's eligible child as if there were no surviving spouse.
    (3) Homicide of veteran by the veteran's child. The following rules 
apply if a veteran's child commits homicide of the veteran:
    (i) VA will pay to the veteran's surviving spouse any additional 
benefits to which the spouse is entitled on account of that child, if 
the surviving spouse has actual or constructive custody of the child.
    (ii) If the surviving spouse does not have actual or constructive 
custody of the child, VA will pay death benefits to the eligible 
surviving spouse as if the child did not exist.
    (iii) VA will pay death benefits to any other child of the veteran 
(including apportionments of benefits based on the veteran's death) as 
if the child who committed the homicide did not exist.
    (4) Homicide of a veteran by the veteran's parent. If a veteran's 
parent commits homicide of the veteran, VA will pay to the veteran's 
other parent any benefits to which he or she is entitled as if the 
parent who committed the homicide did not exist.
    (5) Homicide of one claimant or beneficiary by another claimant or 
beneficiary. If a VA claimant or beneficiary commits homicide of 
another VA claimant or beneficiary, the person who committed the 
homicide cannot receive any increase in benefits based on the death of 
the victim. For example, if both beneficiaries are children of a 
deceased veteran, the child who committed the homicide is not entitled 
to any increase in benefits based on the death of the deceased child. 
If one of the veteran's parents is responsible for the homicide of the 
other parent, the parent who committed the homicide is not entitled to 
receive benefits, or an increase in benefits, based on being a sole 
surviving parent.
    (6) Homicide and accrued benefits. VA pays accrued benefits to 
various classes of claimants (for example, a child). VA ranks these 
classes in order of priority for payment of benefits. See Sec.  5.551. 
The homicide of a person who is a member of a higher priority class by 
a person in a lower priority class will not entitle the wrongdoer to 
such benefits. The homicide of one member of a class by a person in the 
same class will not entitle the wrongdoer to an increased share of the 
benefits payable to the members of that class because of the death of 
the person slain.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``custody of a 
child'' and ``insanity''.


Sec. Sec.  5.664-5.674  [Reserved]

Forfeiture and Renouncement of the Right to VA Benefits


Sec.  5.675  General forfeiture provisions.

    (a) Forfeiture does not bar benefits based on later periods of 
service. Forfeiture of benefits based on one period of service does not 
affect entitlement to benefits based on a later period of service that 
begins after the commission of the offense(s) that caused the 
forfeiture.
    (b) Violation of hospital rules not grounds for forfeiture. Pension 
or disability compensation benefits are not subject to forfeiture 
because of violation of hospital rules.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 6103-6105)

Sec.  5.676  Forfeiture for fraud.

    (a) Definition of fraud. See Sec.  5.1.
    (b) Forfeiture for fraud after September 1, 1959--(1) Persons 
subject to forfeiture. After September 1, 1959, forfeiture for fraud 
will be found only if:
    (i) The person committing the fraud was not residing or domiciled 
in a State at the time of the commission of the fraud;
    (ii) The person committing the fraud ceased to be a resident of or 
domiciled in a State before expiration of the period during which 
criminal prosecution could be instituted; or
    (iii) The fraud was committed in the Philippine Islands.
    (2) Effect of forfeiture for fraud. Any person for whom forfeiture 
for fraud is found forfeits all rights to benefits provided under this 
part. The forfeiture applies to both current and future benefit 
entitlement.
    (3) Effect on dependents of forfeiture for fraud--(i) 
Apportionment. After September 1, 1959, VA may not apportion benefits 
forfeited for fraud.
    (ii) Death benefits. See paragraph (d) of this section.
    (iii) Burial benefits. See Sec.  5.652.
    (4) Effective date of forfeiture. See Sec.  5.681.
    (5) Suspension for fraud. When a case is recommended for forfeiture 
for fraud in accordance with Sec.  5.679, VA will suspend payment of 
benefits, effective the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid benefits. If VA ultimately decides that forfeiture 
is not appropriate, VA will restore payments effective the day benefits 
were suspended, if otherwise in order.
    (c) Forfeiture before September 2, 1959--(1) Forfeitures continue 
to bar benefits. Any forfeiture in effect before September 2, 1959, 
continues to bar benefits on and after September 2, 1959, except where 
there is a Presidential pardon for commission of the offense(s) leading 
to the forfeiture, or where VA revokes the forfeiture under Sec.  
5.680.
    (2) Effect on a dependent of forfeiture for fraud--(i) 
Apportionment of disability compensation--(A) When payable. Disability 
compensation a veteran forfeited for fraud may be paid to the veteran's 
spouse, child, or parent if the forfeiture was found before September 
2, 1959, and if VA authorized the apportionment before September 2, 
1959.
    (B) Amount that VA may apportion. The total apportioned amount is 
the lesser of the service-connected death benefit that would be payable 
if the veteran were dead or the amount of disability compensation that 
VA would have paid to the veteran but for the forfeiture.
    (C) Participation in the fraud bars apportionment. VA may not 
apportion benefits forfeited for fraud to any dependent who 
participated in the fraud that caused the forfeiture.

[[Page 71287]]

    (ii) Death benefits. See paragraph (d) of this section.
    (3) Revocation. See Sec.  5.680(c).
    (d) Death benefits--(1) Veteran's fraud does not bar a dependent's 
death benefits. Forfeiture of a veteran's benefits for fraud does not 
bar the award of death pension, death compensation, or dependency and 
indemnity compensation to an eligible dependent.
    (2) Dependent's participation in fraud bars death benefits. VA may 
not pay death benefits to any surviving dependent who participated in 
the fraud that caused the forfeiture of the veteran's benefits.
    (e) Presidential pardons. See Sec.  5.682.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 6103)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``fraud'' 
``State''. Sec.  5.679, Forfeiture decision procedures.


Sec.  5.677  Forfeiture for treasonable acts.

    (a) Definition of treasonable acts. For purposes of this section, 
``treasonable acts'' are acts of mutiny, treason, sabotage, or 
rendering assistance to an enemy of the U.S. or its allies.
    (b) Forfeiture for treasonable acts after September 1, 1959--(1) 
Persons subject to forfeiture. After September 1, 1959, forfeiture for 
treasonable acts will be found only where:
    (i) The person committing the treasonable act was not residing or 
domiciled in a State at the time of the commission of the treasonable 
act;
    (ii) The person committing the treasonable act ceased to be a 
resident of or domiciled in a State before expiration of the period 
during which criminal prosecution could be instituted; or
    (iii) The treasonable act was committed in the Philippine Islands.
    (2) Effect of a forfeiture for treasonable acts. Any person for 
whom forfeiture for treasonable acts is found after September 1, 1959, 
forfeits all rights to benefits provided under this part. The 
forfeiture applies to both current and future benefit entitlement.
    (3) Effect on dependents of a forfeiture for treasonable acts. 
After September 1, 1959, VA has no authority to make either of the 
following awards to a dependent of a veteran who forfeited benefits for 
treasonable acts:
    (i) An apportionment award of the forfeited benefits; or
    (ii) An award of benefits provided under this part to the veteran's 
dependent based on a period of the veteran's active military service 
that began before the date of commission of the treasonable acts.
    (4) Effective date of forfeiture. See Sec.  5.681.
    (5) Suspension for treasonable acts. When a case is recommended for 
consideration of forfeiture for treasonable acts in accordance with 
Sec.  5.679, VA will suspend payment of benefits, effective the first 
day of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits. If VA 
ultimately decides that forfeiture is not appropriate, VA will restore 
payments effective the day benefits were suspended, if otherwise in 
order.
    (c) Forfeiture before September 2, 1959--(1) Forfeitures continue 
to bar benefits. Any forfeiture in effect before September 2, 1959, 
continues to bar benefits after September 1, 1959, except where there 
is a Presidential pardon for commission of the offense(s) leading to 
the forfeiture, or where VA revokes the forfeiture under the provisions 
of Sec.  5.680.
    (2) Effect on a dependent of a forfeiture for treasonable acts--(i) 
Apportionment of forfeited benefits--(A) When payable. If forfeiture 
for treasonable acts was found before September 2, 1959, and if VA 
authorized the apportionment before September 2, 1959, VA may pay any 
part of the forfeited benefits to a dependent of the person who 
forfeited benefits, as follows:
    (B) Amount of disability compensation that may be apportioned. If 
the forfeited benefit is disability compensation, the total amount 
payable to a veteran's spouse, child, and parent is the lesser of the 
service-connected death benefit that would be payable if the veteran 
were dead or the amount of disability compensation that would have been 
paid to the veteran but for the forfeiture.
    (C) Amount of pension that VA may apportion. If the forfeited 
benefit is pension, the total amount payable to a veteran's spouse and 
child is the lesser of the nonservice-connected death benefit that 
would be payable if the veteran were dead or the amount of pension 
being paid to the veteran at the time of the forfeiture.
    (D) Participation in the treasonable acts bars apportionment. VA 
may not apportion benefits forfeited for treasonable acts to any 
dependent of a beneficiary who participated in the treasonable acts 
that caused the forfeiture.
    (ii) Death benefits. VA may pay death pension, death compensation, 
or dependency and indemnity compensation to an eligible surviving 
dependent of a veteran who forfeited benefits for a treasonable act if 
all of the following elements are true:
    (A) The forfeiture was found before September 2, 1959;
    (B) The specified death benefits were authorized before September 
2, 1959; and
    (C) The payee of the specified death benefits did not participate 
in the treasonable acts that caused the forfeiture.
    (d) Effect of a child's treasonable act on the benefits of a 
surviving spouse. Treasonable acts committed by a child in the 
surviving spouse's custody do not affect the spouse's award of 
additional death benefits for that child.
    (e) Presidential pardons. See Sec.  5.682.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 6103(d)(1), 6104)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``custody of a 
child'' and ``State''. Sec.  5.679, Forfeiture decision procedures.


Sec.  5.678  Forfeiture for subversive activity.

    (a) Definition of subversive activity. ``Subversive activity'' is 
any of the following offenses for which the United States Code 
prescribes punishment:
    (1) Title 10, Armed Forces (Uniform Code of Military Justice).
    (i) Section 894 (Art. 94, Mutiny or sedition).
    (ii) Section 904 (Art. 104, Aiding the enemy).
    (iii) Section 906 (Art. 106, Spies).
    (2) Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
    (i) Section 792, Harboring or concealing persons.
    (ii) Section 793, Gathering, transmitting, or losing defense 
information.
    (iii) Section 794, Gathering or delivering defense information to 
aid foreign government.
    (iv) Section 798, Disclosure of classified information.
    (v) Section 2381, Treason.
    (vi) Section 2382, Misprision of treason.
    (vii) Section 2383, Rebellion or insurrection.
    (viii) Section 2384, Seditious conspiracy.
    (ix) Section 2385, Advocating overthrow of Government.
    (x) Section 2387, Activities affecting armed forces generally.
    (xi) Section 2388, Activities affecting armed forces during war.
    (xii) Section 2389, Recruiting for service against U.S.
    (xiii) Section 2390, Enlistment to serve against U.S.
    (xiv) Chapter 105, Sabotage.
    (3) Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure--claims filed after 
December 15, 2003. With respect to the forfeiture of benefits awarded 
on the basis of claims filed after December 15, 2003,

[[Page 71288]]

the following offenses in Title 18 are also subversive activities:
    (i) Section 175, Prohibitions with respect to biological weapons.
    (ii) Section 229, Prohibited activities.
    (iii) Section 831, Prohibited transactions involving nuclear 
materials.
    (iv) Section 1091, Genocide.
    (v) Section 2332a, Use of certain weapons of mass destruction.
    (vi) Section 2332b, Acts of terrorism transcending national 
boundaries.
    (4) Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
    (i) Section 2272, Violation of specific sections.
    (ii) Section 2273, Violation of sections.
    (iii) Section 2274, Communication of Restricted Data.
    (iv) Section 2275, Receipt of Restricted Data.
    (v) Section 2276, Tampering with Restricted Data.
    (5) Title 50, War and National Defense. Section 783, Offenses.
    (b) Indictment or conviction for subversive activity--(1) Sources 
of notification. The Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, as applicable, notifies VA in each case in which a person is 
convicted of an offense listed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The 
Attorney General notifies VA in each case in which a person is indicted 
or convicted of an offense listed in paragraphs (a)(2) through (5) of 
this section.
    (2) Indictment--(i) VA action on notice of indictment. Upon receipt 
of notice of the return of an indictment for subversive activity, VA 
will suspend payment of benefits provided under this part to the person 
indicted pending disposition of the criminal proceedings. VA will 
suspend payments effective the first day of the month after the month 
for which VA last paid benefits.
    (ii) VA action on notice of acquittal. If the person indicted for 
subversive activity is acquitted or otherwise not convicted, VA will 
restore payments effective the day benefits were suspended, if 
otherwise in order.
    (3) Conviction--(i) VA action on notice of conviction. Upon receipt 
of notice that a VA beneficiary was convicted after September 1, 1959, 
of subversive activity, VA will make a decision on forfeiture as 
provided in Sec.  5.679(c)(1).
    (ii) Benefits forfeited. Any person convicted of subversive 
activity forfeits all rights to benefits provided under this part. The 
forfeiture applies to both current and future benefits.
    (iii) Effective date of forfeiture upon conviction. See Sec.  
5.681(b)(3).
    (iv) Effect on dependent. VA may not award benefits provided under 
this part to the dependent of a veteran who was convicted of subversive 
activity after September 1, 1959, if the award would be based on a 
period of the veteran's active military service that began before the 
date of commission of the subversive activity.
    (c) Presidential pardons--(1) Restoration of forfeited benefits. 
See Sec.  5.682.
    (2) Restoration of benefits for a surviving dependent. Upon 
application following Presidential pardon for the offenses leading to 
forfeiture for subversive activity, VA may pay a veteran's dependent 
death pension, death compensation, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation, if the dependent is otherwise eligible for that benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 6105)

Sec.  5.679  Forfeiture decision procedures.

    (a) Officials authorized to make a forfeiture decision, recommend 
forfeiture, or refer forfeiture cases--(1) Forfeiture decisions. 
Forfeiture decisions will be made by an official authorized under Sec.  
5.5.
    (2) Recommendation of forfeiture. The Regional Counsel of the 
region of the residence of the person or of the agency of original 
jurisdiction having jurisdiction over the person who is the subject of 
the forfeiture (or in the Philippines, the Manila Veterans Service 
Center Manager (VSCM)), may recommend forfeiture and submit the case to 
an official described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (3) Referral of forfeiture cases. The following persons may refer 
cases to the Regional Counsel or VSCM in Manila, as appropriate, for 
consideration whether to recommend the case for forfeiture:
    (i) The director of a Veterans Benefits Administration service;
    (ii) The Chairman, Board of Veterans' Appeals; or
    (iii) The General Counsel.
    (b) VA obligations prior to recommending forfeiture based on fraud 
or treasonable acts. Before recommending forfeiture for fraud or 
treasonable acts under paragraph (a) of this section, the Regional 
Counsel or, in Manila, Philippines, the VSCM must provide the 
beneficiary or claimant with written notice that VA is proposing to 
make a forfeiture decision and of the right to present a defense. No 
recommendation of forfeiture will be made until at least 60 days after 
the notice is sent, or until a hearing is held if one is requested 
within the period specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. The 
notice will be sent to the person's latest address of record and will 
include the following information:
    (1) The specific charges against the person;
    (2) A detailed statement of the evidence supporting the charges 
(subject to regulatory limitations on disclosure of information);
    (3) A citation and discussion of the applicable statute;
    (4) The right to file a statement or evidence no later than 60 days 
after the date of the notice, either to rebut the charges or explain 
the person's position;
    (5) The right to request a hearing no later than 60 days after the 
date of the notice, with representation by counsel of the person's 
choosing; and
    (6) Information that fees for representation are limited in 
accordance with 38 U.S.C. 5904, Recognition of agents and attorneys 
generally, and that VA will not pay expenses incurred by a claimant, 
his or her counsel, or witnesses.
    (c) Standards for forfeiture--(1) Forfeiture upon conviction of 
engaging in subversive activity. An official authorized under Sec.  5.5 
will make a decision to forfeit benefits when notified that a VA 
beneficiary has been convicted of an offense involving subversive 
activity.
    (2) Forfeiture for engaging in fraud or treasonable acts. An 
official authorized under Sec.  5.5 will make a forfeiture decision 
when the official determines that the evidence shows beyond a 
reasonable doubt that a VA claimant or beneficiary has engaged in fraud 
as defined in Sec.  5.676(a) or one or more treasonable acts as defined 
in Sec.  5.677(a).
    (d) Administrative appeal. An authorized VA official may file an 
administrative appeal of a forfeiture decision under the provisions in 
Sec.  19.51 of this chapter.
    (e) Finality of forfeiture decisions. Forfeiture decisions are 
final and binding under the provisions in Sec.  5.160(a); Sec.  20.1103 
of this chapter, or Sec.  20.1104 of this chapter, as applicable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 512(a), 6103, 6104)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definitions of ``agency of 
original jurisdiction,'' ``final decision,'' and ``fraud.''


Sec.  5.680  Revocation of forfeiture.

    (a) Authority to make revocation decisions. Revocations of 
forfeiture decisions will be made by an official authorized under Sec.  
5.5(b).
    (b) Bases for revocation. VA will revoke a forfeiture in only the 
following cases:

[[Page 71289]]

    (1) Upon a showing that the forfeiture decision was the product of 
clear and unmistakable error under Sec.  5.162;
    (2) Upon the submission of new and material evidence under Sec.  
5.55; or
    (3) When a forfeiture for fraud was imposed before September 2, 
1959, as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (c) Special rules for revocation of a forfeiture for fraud imposed 
before September 2, 1959--(1) Basis for revocation. If a forfeiture for 
fraud was imposed before September 2, 1959, and that forfeiture would 
not be imposed under the statutes and regulations in effect on and 
after September 2, 1959, then VA will revoke the forfeiture.
    (2) Effective dates--(i) Effective date of revocation. Revocation 
of a forfeiture under paragraph (c)(1) of this section is effective 
June 30, 1972.
    (ii) Effective date of payments. Upon receipt of an application, VA 
will award benefits under paragraph (c)(1) of this section effective as 
of the date provided by Sec.  5.152.
    (3) Deduction of apportionment payments--(i) Applicability. This 
paragraph (c) applies when all of the following elements are true:
    (A) VA revoked a forfeiture under paragraph (c)(1) of this section;
    (B) During the period of time that the forfeiture was in effect, VA 
apportioned some or all of the forfeited benefits to the beneficiary's 
dependent as provided in Sec.  5.676(c)(2), Forfeiture for fraud; and
    (C) The revocation results in payments being due to the beneficiary 
for periods during which VA paid the apportionment to the beneficiary's 
dependent.
    (ii) Deduction. VA will reduce the payments to the beneficiary by 
the amount of apportioned benefits paid to the beneficiary's dependent 
during the period stated in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(C) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 6103(d)(2))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.681  Effective dates: Forfeiture.

    (a) Suspension upon recommendation of forfeiture for fraud or 
treasonable acts--(1) Suspension on recommendation for forfeiture. VA 
will suspend payment, effective the first day of the month after the 
month for which VA last paid benefits, upon receipt of notice from a VA 
Regional Counsel, or from the Veterans Service Center Manager in 
Manila, Philippines, when such an official recommends forfeiture for 
fraud or treasonable acts pursuant to Sec.  5.679.
    (2) Restoration of payments where forfeiture for fraud or 
treasonable acts is not warranted. VA will restore payments effective 
the first day of the month after the month for which VA last paid 
benefits, if otherwise in order, if VA decides that forfeiture is not 
appropriate.
    (b) Effective dates of forfeiture--(1) Forfeiture for fraud. A 
forfeiture of benefits for fraud is effective the later of the 
effective date of the award of the forfeited benefits or the day before 
the commission of the act resulting in forfeiture.
    (2) Forfeiture for treasonable acts. A forfeiture of benefits for 
treasonable acts is effective the earlier of the date of the forfeiture 
decision or the first day of the month following the month for which VA 
last paid benefits.
    (3) Forfeiture for subversive activity. A forfeiture of benefits 
for conviction for subversive activity is effective the later of the 
effective date of the award of the forfeited benefits or the day before 
the commission of the subversive activity for which the beneficiary was 
convicted.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(a), (b)(9); 6105)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``fraud''.


Sec.  5.682  Presidential pardon for offenses causing forfeiture.

    (a) Restoration of rights to benefits. If the President of the U.S. 
pardons the offenses that were the basis of a forfeiture decision, VA 
will restore rights to all forfeited benefits effective the date of the 
pardon, if otherwise in order.
    (b) Effective date of resumption of payment of monetary benefits. 
Once VA has restored the beneficiary's rights under paragraph (a) of 
this section, VA will resume payment of forfeited VA monetary benefits, 
if otherwise in order, as follows:
    (1) If an application is filed no later than 1 year after the date 
of the pardon, VA will restore payments effective the date of the 
pardon; or
    (2) If an application is filed more than 1 year after the date of 
the pardon, VA will restore payments effective the date of receipt of 
the application.
    (c) Payment subject to recovery of overpayments. Payment of VA 
monetary benefits, following Presidential pardon of the offenses that 
were the basis of a forfeiture decision, is subject to recovery of any 
existing overpayments.
    (d) Discontinuance of apportionments. VA will discontinue any 
benefits apportioned to a dependent under Sec.  5.676(c)(2)(i), or 
Sec.  5.677(c)(2)(i), effective the day before the date of the pardon.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 6105(a))

Sec.  5.683  Renouncement of benefits.

    (a) Who may renounce a benefit. A person entitled to receive 
disability compensation, pension, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) under the laws administered by VA may renounce his 
or her right to any benefit.
    (b) How to renounce a benefit. The renouncement of the right to 
receive a benefit must be in writing and must be signed by the person 
entitled to that benefit, and not by a representative. The renouncement 
must be for the entire benefit, not a portion of it.
    (c) Effective date of renouncement. VA will discontinue payment of 
renounced benefits effective the first day of the month following the 
month in which VA received the renouncement. If payments had been 
suspended, VA will discontinue payment of renounced benefits effective 
the first day of the month after the month for which VA last paid 
benefits.
    (d) Effect of renouncement of DIC on the rights of another 
beneficiary--(1) Effect on another beneficiary in the same class. The 
renouncement of DIC by one person entitled to that benefit does not 
increase the rate payable to any other DIC beneficiary in the same 
class. For example, the renouncement of DIC by one child will not 
increase the DIC rate payable to another child.
    (2) Effect of renouncement by a surviving spouse on rights of a 
child. The renouncement of DIC by a surviving spouse does not entitle a 
child under age 18 to DIC, or increase the DIC rate payable to a child 
over age 18.
    (e) Reapplying for renounced benefits--(1) General rules. (i) A 
person who renounced the right to receive a benefit may reapply for the 
same benefit at any time. VA will treat the new application as an 
original claim.
    (ii) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this 
section, the effective date of the award of benefits resulting from the 
new application will be the date of receipt of that application.
    (2) Special rule applicable to pension and parents' DIC benefit 
renouncements. If a person who has renounced pension or parents' DIC 
benefits files a new application for the same benefit no later than 1 
year after renouncement, the application will not be treated as an 
original application and the benefit will be payable as if VA never 
received the renouncement.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5112(a), 5306)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.83(c)(4) (concerning when VA will send a 
contemporaneous notice of reduction, discontinuance, or other adverse 
action).

[[Page 71290]]

Sec. Sec.  5.684-5.689  [Reserved]

Subpart L: Payments and Adjustments to Payments

General Rate-Setting and Payments


Sec.  5.690  Where to find benefit rates and income limits.

    (a) Rates of payment. The rates of the following payments for 
benefits and income limitations on qualification for benefits are 
available on VA's public Web site at http://www.va.gov:
    (1) Disability compensation;
    (2) Death compensation;
    (3) Dependency and indemnity compensation;
    (4) Old-Law Pension;
    (5) Section 306 Pension;
    (6) Improved Pension; and
    (7) Monthly allowances under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 for children 
disabled from spina bifida or with certain birth defects.
    (b) Income limits. The income limitations for the following benefit 
programs are available on VA's public Web site at http://www.va.gov:
    (1) Old-Law Pension;
    (2) Section 306 Pension;
    (3) Improved Pension; and
    (4) Parents' dependency and indemnity compensation.
    (c) Whenever there is an increase in the rates listed in this 
section, VA will publish notice in the Federal Register.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.691  Adjustments for fractions of dollars.

    (a) Calculation of adjusted annual income or annual income. For 
purposes of entitlement to pension, VA will round down to the nearest 
dollar when calculating adjusted annual income. See Sec.  5.370, for 
the definition of adjusted annual income. For purposes of entitlement 
to parents' dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), VA will round 
down to the nearest dollar when calculating annual income. See 
Sec. Sec.  5.531 through 5.534 for how to calculate parents' DIC annual 
income.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1503(b))


    (b) Calculation of increased rates and income limits. VA will round 
up to the nearest dollar when calculating the increase due to a cost-
of-living adjustment of any of the following amounts:
    (1) Improved Pension maximum annual pension rates;
    (2) Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension annual income limits;
    (3) Income of a spouse when excluded from a veteran's countable 
annual income for Old-Law Pension and Section 306 Pension purposes;
    (4) Parents' DIC annual rates and income limits; or
    (5) The monthly allowance rates under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 for 
children disabled from spina bifida or with certain birth defects.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5312(c))


    (c) Calculation of monthly or other pension rates. VA will round 
down to the nearest dollar the amount of Improved Pension or Section 
306 Pension payable.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5123)

Sec.  5.692  Fractions of one cent not paid.

    VA will not pay fractions of a cent when paying any benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5312(c)(2))

Sec.  5.693  Beginning date for certain benefit payments.

    (a) Definition. For purposes of this section, increased award means 
a benefit payment increased as a result of:
    (1) An added dependent;
    (2) An increase in disability or disability rating, including, but 
not limited to, a temporary increased rating;
    (3) A reduction in income;
    (4) An election of Improved Pension under Sec.  5.463, Effective 
dates of Improved Pension elections;
    (5) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(6) of this section, a 
temporary total rating under Sec.  4.29 of this chapter; or
    (6) A temporary total rating under Sec.  4.30 of this chapter.
    (b) Beginning payment date rule. VA will pay benefits identified in 
this paragraph (b) beginning the first day of the month after the month 
in which the award or increased award becomes effective, except as 
provided in paragraph (c) of this section. However, VA will consider 
beneficiaries to be in receipt of monetary benefits as of the effective 
date of the award or increased award. This paragraph (b) applies to 
awards or increased awards of the following benefits based on an 
original claim, reopened claim, or claim for increase:
    (1) Disability compensation;
    (2) Pension;
    (3) Dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC); or
    (4) The monetary allowances under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 for children 
disabled from spina bifida or with certain birth defects.
    (c) Exceptions to beginning payment date rule. VA will begin 
payment of each of the following awards as of its effective date:
    (1) Awards that provide only for continuity of entitlement with no 
increase in the rate of payment.
    (2) Awards restoring a previously reduced benefit because the 
circumstances requiring reduction no longer exist.
    (3) Awards to a surviving spouse at the veteran's rate for the 
month of the veteran's death.
    (4) Awards that change any withholding, reduction, or suspension 
because of:
    (i) Recoupment;
    (ii) An offset to collect indebtedness;
    (iii) Receipt of hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care;
    (iv) Incompetency;
    (v) Incarceration; or
    (vi) Discontinuance of apportionment.
    (5) Benefit increases resulting solely from the enactment of 
certain types of legislation, including, but not limited to, the 
following:
    (i) Cost-of-living increases for disability compensation and DIC 
for surviving spouses and children;
    (ii) Increases in the maximum annual pension rate for Improved 
Pension;
    (iii) Increases in the income limits and maximum monthly rate for 
parents' DIC;
    (iv) Increases in the monetary allowances under 38 U.S.C. chapter 
18 for children disabled from spina bifida or with certain birth 
defects; and
    (v) Statutory changes in the criteria for the award of special 
monthly compensation.
    (6) Awards based on temporary total ratings under Sec.  4.29 of 
this chapter when the entire period of hospitalization or treatment, 
including any period of post-hospitalization convalescence, begins and 
ends within the same calendar month. In such cases the period of 
payment will begin on the first day of the month in which the 
hospitalization or treatment began.
    (7) Apportionments of benefits.
    (8) Certain awards of disability compensation to a veteran who is 
also eligible for retired pay, as described in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section.
    (9) Awards to a veteran's dependent of benefits that the veteran 
was receiving or entitled to receive when the veteran disappeared for 
90 days or more.
    (10) Certain awards of disability compensation to a veteran who was 
retired or separated for a catastrophic disability, as described in 
paragraph (e) of this section.
    (d) Cases involving waiver of retired pay. (1) If the veteran's 
retired pay, as defined in Sec.  5.745(a), is greater than the amount 
of VA disability compensation payable, VA will pay disability 
compensation from the effective date the veteran waives such retired 
pay.
    (2) If the amount of VA disability compensation payable is greater 
than the veteran's retired pay, VA's payment

[[Page 71291]]

of the difference for any period before the effective date of the 
veteran's waiver of such retired pay is subject to the beginning 
payment date provision of paragraph (b) of this section.
    (3) Nothing in this section precludes the veteran from receiving 
retired pay before the effective date of waiver of such pay.
    (e) Cases involving catastrophic disability. If a veteran was 
retired or separated from the active military service for a 
catastrophic disability or disabilities, then VA will pay any 
compensation awarded based on an original claim as of its effective 
date as provided in this part. For purposes of this section, 
catastrophic disability means a permanent, severely disabling injury, 
disorder, or disease that compromises the ability of the veteran to 
carry out the activities of daily living to such a degree that he or 
she requires personal or mechanical assistance to leave home or bed, or 
requires constant supervision to avoid physical harm to self or others.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1832, 5111, 5305)

5.694  Deceased beneficiary.

    When VA discontinues benefits because the beneficiary has died, the 
discontinuance will be effective the first day of the month in which 
the beneficiary died.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1822, 1832, 5112(b)(1))

Sec.  5.695  Surviving spouse's benefit for the month of the veteran's 
death.

    (a) Month-of-death benefit. For purposes of this section, month-of-
death benefit means a payment to a deceased veteran's surviving spouse 
for the month in which the veteran died and in the amount of disability 
compensation or pension that the veteran would have received for that 
month, if not for his or her death.
    (b) Surviving spouse entitled to death pension or dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) for the month of the veteran's death. (1) 
Surviving spouse's award greater than veteran's award. If the surviving 
spouse is entitled to death pension or DIC for the month of the 
veteran's death in an amount greater than the amount of disability 
compensation or pension that the veteran would have received for that 
month if not for his or her death, then the surviving spouse is not 
entitled to a month-of-death benefit.
    (2) Surviving spouse's award equal to or less than veteran's award. 
If the surviving spouse is entitled to death pension or DIC for the 
month of the veteran's death in an amount equal to or less than the 
amount of disability compensation or pension that the veteran would 
have received for that month but for his or her death, then VA will pay 
the surviving spouse death pension or DIC for the month of the 
veteran's death in an amount equal to the amount of disability 
compensation or pension the veteran would have received for that month 
if not for his or her death.
    (c) Surviving spouse not entitled to death pension or DIC for the 
month of death. If a veteran who was receiving disability compensation 
or pension dies after December 31, 1996, and the surviving spouse is 
not entitled to death pension or DIC for the month of the veteran's 
death, then the surviving spouse is entitled to the month-of-death 
benefit. If the veteran died before January 1, 1997, then such 
veteran's surviving spouse is not entitled to the month-of-death 
benefit.
    (d) Payment issued to deceased veteran. If VA issues payment of 
compensation or pension to a deceased veteran for the month of his or 
her death, VA will treat the payment as the month-of-death benefit 
payable to a surviving spouse who is otherwise eligible for payment 
under paragraph (b) of this section. If the surviving spouse negotiates 
or deposits the payment issued to a deceased veteran, then VA will 
consider the payment to be the benefit to which the surviving spouse is 
entitled under paragraph (b) of this section. However, if such payment 
is less than the amount the surviving spouse would receive under 
paragraph (b) of this section, VA may pay the unpaid difference as 
accrued benefits. See Sec.  5.1 for the definition of ``accrued 
benefits''.
    (e) When a veteran dies on or after August 6, 2012, the veteran's 
surviving spouse is entitled to the month-of-death benefit if: (1) The 
veteran was receiving disability compensation or pension when he or she 
died; or
    (2) VA determines under Sec. Sec.  5.551 through 5.555 that the 
veteran was entitled to receive such compensation or pension, or a 
higher rate of compensation or pension that the veterans was receiving 
when he or she died. If VA determines that the veteran was entitled to 
a higher rate of compensation or pension than VA had previously paid as 
a month-of-death benefit to the surviving spouse, then VA will pay the 
difference to the surviving spouse.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5111(c), 5310)

Sec.  5.696  Payments to or for a child pursuing a course of 
instruction at an approved educational institution.

    (a) Definition of approved educational institution. For purposes of 
this section, approved educational institution means an institution 
defined in Sec.  5.220(b)(2) that is approved by the Department of 
Veterans Affairs.


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 104(a))


    (b) Payment of Improved Pension or additional disability 
compensation.--(1) Entitlement. If a veteran's child is at least 18 but 
less than 23 years old and is pursuing a course of instruction at an 
approved educational institution:
    (i) VA will pay the veteran additional disability compensation if 
the veteran has service-connected disability rated at least 30 percent 
disabling;
    (ii) VA may pay the veteran a higher rate of Improved Pension;
    (iii) VA may pay a surviving spouse a higher rate of Improved Death 
Pension; or
    (iv) VA may pay the child Improved Death Pension if no surviving 
spouse is eligible to receive Improved Death Pension or if the 
surviving spouse does not have custody of the child. See Sec.  5.1, for 
the definition of ``custody of a child''.
    (2) Effective date of award of Improved Pension or additional 
disability compensation. (i) Child began a course of instruction at an 
approved educational institution on or before the child's 18th 
birthday. If a child began a course of instruction at an approved 
educational institution on or before the child's 18th birthday and VA 
receives a claim on, before, or no later than 1 year after the child's 
18th birthday, the effective date will be the child's 18th birthday.
    (ii) Child began a course of instruction at an approved educational 
institution after the child's 18th birthday. If a child began a course 
of instruction at an approved educational institution after the child's 
18th birthday and VA receives a claim no later than 1 year after the 
date the child began the course, the effective date will be the date 
the child began the course of instruction at an approved educational 
institution.
    (c) Payment of dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) to a 
child not receiving DIC before the child's 18th birthday. If a child 
was not receiving DIC before the child's 18th birthday, VA will pay DIC 
directly to the child for periods beginning on or after the child's 
18th birthday if the child is entitled to DIC and is pursuing a course 
of instruction at an approved educational institution. The effective

[[Page 71292]]

date of the award of DIC will be as follows:
    (1) Child was pursuing a course of instruction at an approved 
educational institution on the child's 18th birthday.--(i) Child on a 
surviving spouse's award. The effective date will be the child's 18th 
birthday if:
    (A) Immediately before the child's 18th birthday, the child was a 
dependent on a surviving spouse's DIC award;
    (B) The child began the course of instruction on or before the 
child's 18th birthday; and
    (C) VA receives a claim for DIC on, before, or no later than 1 year 
after the child's 18th birthday.
    (ii) Child not on a surviving spouse's award. The effective date 
will be the first day of the month of the child's 18th birthday if:
    (A) Immediately before the child's 18th birthday, the child was not 
a dependent on a surviving spouse's DIC award;
    (B) The child began the course of instruction at an approved 
educational institution on or before the child's 18th birthday; and
    (C) VA receives a claim for DIC on, before, or no later than 1 year 
after the child's 18th birthday.
    (2) Child began a course of instruction after the child's 18th 
birthday. The effective date will be the first day of the month in 
which the child began the course of instruction at an approved 
educational institution if:
    (i) The child began the course after the child's 18th birthday; and
    (ii) VA receives a claim for DIC no later than 1 year after the 
date the child began the course.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(e))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.573, Effective date for dependency and 
indemnity compensation rate adjustments when an additional survivor 
files an application, for information on the impact on awards to other 
children.
    (d) Payment of DIC to a child receiving DIC before the child's 18th 
birthday.--(1) Entitlement. VA may pay DIC directly to a child for 
periods beginning on or after the child's 18th birthday if:
    (i) VA paid DIC to the child before the child's 18th birthday; and
    (ii) The child is pursuing a course of instruction at an approved 
educational institution.
    (2) Effective dates. The effective date for the payment of DIC to 
the child will be as follows:
    (i) Child began a course of instruction on or before the child's 
18th birthday. VA will pay DIC effective on the child's 18th birthday 
if:
    (A) The child began the course of instruction on or before the 
child's 18th birthday; and
    (B) VA receives evidence of such school attendance on, before, or 
no later than 1 year after the child's 18th birthday.
    (ii) Child began a course of instruction after the child's 18th 
birthday. VA will pay DIC benefits effective the date the child began 
the course of instruction if:
    (A) The child began the course of instruction after the child's 
18th birthday; and
    (B) VA receives evidence of such school attendance no later than 1 
year after the date the child began the course of instruction.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110(e))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.524, Awards of dependency and indemnity 
compensation benefits to children when there is a retroactive award to 
a schoolchild, for the rate of payment.
    (e) Claims filed outside the 1-year period. If VA receives a claim 
referred to in paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section, or evidence 
referred to in paragraph (d) of this section, after the expiration of 
the 1-year period, the effective date will be the date VA receives the 
claim or evidence.
    (f) Payments for vacation or holiday periods.--(1) Child returns to 
an approved educational institution. A child is considered to be 
pursuing a course of instruction at an approved educational institution 
during a vacation or holiday period if the child:
    (i) Was pursuing a course of instruction at an approved educational 
institution immediately before the vacation or holiday period; and
    (ii) Resumes the course at the beginning of the next term either at 
the same or a different approved educational institution.
    (2) Child fails to return to an approved educational institution. 
When VA has paid benefits for a vacation or holiday period, and the 
child does not resume the course, VA will discontinue benefits 
effective the first day of the month after the month for which VA last 
paid benefits, or the first day of the month that the child was 
scheduled to resume the course, whichever date is earlier.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(7))


    (g) Ending dates.--(1) Course of instruction completed. If a child 
completes a course of instruction, then VA will discontinue benefits 
payable under this section effective the first day of the month after 
the month in which the course was completed.
    (2) Termination of course of instruction before completion. Except 
as provided in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, if a course of 
instruction is terminated before completion, then VA will discontinue 
benefits payable under this section effective the first day of the 
month after the month in which the course of instruction was 
terminated.
    (h) Transfer to another course of instruction or another 
educational institution. VA will not adjust payments previously made 
under this section because the child changed a course of instruction or 
transferred to a different approved educational institution.
    (i) Bars to benefit payments under this section. VA will not pay 
benefits under this section if:
    (1) The child has elected to receive educational assistance under 
38 U.S.C. chapter 35 (see Sec.  5.764 and Sec.  21.3023 of this 
chapter); or
    (2) The child is pursuing a course of instruction at an approved 
educational institution where the child is completely supported at the 
expense of the Federal Government, such as a military service academy.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 3562)

Sec.  5.697  Exchange rates for income received or expenses paid in 
foreign currencies.

    (a) Pension and parents' dependency and indemnity compensation 
(DIC) rates. In determining the rate of pension or parents' DIC payable 
to a person, VA will convert the amount of income received or expenses 
paid in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars using the quarterly 
exchange rates established by the U.S. Department of the Treasury as 
provided in this section. Benefits will be paid in U.S. dollars.
    (1) Calculation of pension or parents' DIC rates. Because exchange 
rates for foreign currencies cannot be determined in advance, VA will 
estimate pension or parents' DIC rates using the most recent quarterly 
exchange rate. When the beneficiary or claimant informs VA of a change 
in income or expenses that would affect entitlement, VA will make 
retroactive benefit adjustments based on the exchange rate in effect at 
the time VA received notice of the change in income or expenses.
    (2) Retroactive adjustments due to changes in exchange rates. (i) 
For retroactive adjustments to pension or parents' DIC rates due to 
changes in the currency exchange rate, VA will use the average of the 
four most recent quarterly exchange rates.
    (ii) If income or expenses are reported for a prior reporting 
period, VA will calculate any retroactive benefit rate adjustment using 
the average of the four

[[Page 71293]]

most recent quarterly exchange rates that were available on the last 
day of the reporting period for which the income is being reported. See 
Sec.  5.708(a)(2) for the definition of ``reporting period''.
    (b) Benefits and funds payable as reimbursement for expenses paid 
in foreign currency.--(1) Applicability. This paragraph (b) applies to 
payment of the following benefits or funds:
    (i) Monetary burial benefits paid under subpart J of this part;
    (ii) Accrued benefits paid in accordance with Sec.  5.551(e), as 
reimbursement to the person who bore the expense of the deceased 
beneficiary's last sickness or burial;
    (iii) Funds in the special deposit account paid in accordance with 
Sec.  5.565(b)(4), as reimbursement to the person who bore the expense 
of the burial of the payee;
    (iv) Funds in a personal-funds-of-patients account paid in 
accordance with Sec.  5.566(d)(4); and
    (v) Funds paid in accordance with Sec.  5.567(a)(4).
    (2) General rule. If benefits or funds are payable as reimbursement 
for expenses paid in foreign currency, VA will calculate the payment 
amount using the quarterly exchange rate for the quarter in which 
expenses were paid. If the U.S. Department of the Treasury has not yet 
published a rate for that quarter, VA will calculate the payment amount 
using the most recent quarterly exchange rate. Payments will be made in 
U.S. dollars.
    (3) Exception. If benefits or funds are payable to an unpaid 
creditor for charges billed in foreign currency, VA will calculate the 
payment amount using the quarterly exchange rate for the quarter in 
which the veteran, beneficiary, or payee died. If the U.S. Department 
of the Treasury has not yet published a rate for that quarter, VA will 
calculate the payment amount using the most recent quarterly exchange 
rate. Payments will be made in U.S. dollars.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.698-5.704  [Reserved]

General Reductions, Discontinuances, and Resumptions


Sec.  5.705  General effective dates for reduction or discontinuance of 
benefits.

    (a) General rules. Except as otherwise provided, VA will assign an 
effective date for the reduction or discontinuance of disability 
compensation, pension, dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), or 
the monetary allowances under chapter 18 of title 38, United States 
Code, in accordance with the facts found. If more than one effective-
date provision applies to a particular issue or event, VA will reduce 
or discontinue the benefit(s) on the earliest applicable effective 
date. VA will pay a reduced rate or discontinue benefits effective the 
date of reduction or discontinuance.
    (b) Reduction and discontinuance table. The following table lists 
the locations of specific reduction and discontinuance effective-date 
provisions in this part 5. The table is solely for informational 
purposes, and does not confer any substantive rights.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Effective-date provision                  Part 5 location
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                SUBPART C--ADJUDICATIVE PROCESS, GENERAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filing a claim for death benefits...  Sec.   5.52.
Requirement to provide Social         Sec.   5.101(c).
 Security numbers.
Failure to report for VA examination  Sec.   5.103(d).
 or reexamination.
Certifying continuing eligibility to  Sec.   5.104(c).
 receive benefits.
Effective dates based on change of    Sec.   5.152(c).
 law or VA issue.
Effective dates for reducing or       Sec.   5.167.
 discontinuing a benefit payment, or
 for severing service connection,
 based on omission or commission, or
 based on administrative error or
 error in judgment.
Effective dates for reducing or       Sec.   5.177.
 discontinuing a benefit payment or
 for severing service connection.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   SUBPART D--DEPENDENTS AND SURVIVORS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective date of reduction or        Sec.   5.184.
 discontinuance based on changes in
 dependency status.
Void or annulled marriages..........  Sec.   5.196.
Effective date of reduction or        Sec.   5.197.
 discontinuance of Improved Pension,
 disability compensation, or
 dependency and indemnity
 compensation due to marriage or
 remarriage.
Effect of remarriage on a surviving   Sec.   5.203.
 spouse's benefits.
Effective date of reduction or        Sec.   5.231.
 discontinuance: child reaches age
 18 or 23.
Effective date of reduction or        Sec.   5.232.
 discontinuance: terminated
 adoptions.
Effective date of reduction or        Sec.   5.233.
 discontinuance: stepchild no longer
 a member of the veteran's household.
Effective date of an award,           Sec.   5.234.
 reduction, or discontinuance of
 benefits based on child status due
 to permanent incapacity for self-
 support.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SUBPART E--CLAIMS FOR SERVICE CONNECTION AND DISABILITY COMPENSATION
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective dates--discontinuance of    Sec.   5.313.
 total disability rating based on
 individual unemployability.
Effective dates--reduction or         Sec.   5.314.
 discontinuance of additional
 disability compensation based on
 parental dependency.
Effective dates: additional           Sec.   5.336(b).
 compensation for regular aid and
 attendance payable for a veteran's
 spouse under Sec.   5.321.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUBPART F--NONSERVICE-CONNECTED DISABILITY PENSIONS AND DEATH PENSIONS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective dates of changes to annual  Sec.   5.422.
 Improved Pension payment amounts
 due to a change in income.
Improved Pension determinations when  Sec.   5.423.
 expected annual income is uncertain.
Effective date of discontinuance of   Sec.   5.433.
 Improved Death Pension payments to
 a beneficiary no longer recognized
 as the veteran's surviving spouse.
Award or discontinuance of award of   Sec.   5.434.
 Improved Death Pension to a
 surviving spouse where Improved
 Death Pension payments to a child
 are involved.
Effective dates for discontinuances   Sec.   5.477.
 of Old-Law Pension and Section 306
 Pension.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 71294]]

 
  SUBPART G--DEPENDENCY AND INDEMNITY COMPENSATION, DEATH COMPENSATION,
     ACCRUED BENEFITS, AND SPECIAL RULES APPLICABLE UPON DEATH OF A
                               BENEFICIARY
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Awards of dependency and indemnity    Sec.   5.524(c).
 compensation benefits to children
 when there is a retroactive award
 to a schoolchild.
Discontinuance of dependency and      Sec.   5.539(b).
 indemnity compensation to a person
 no longer recognized as the
 veteran's surviving spouse.
Effective date and payment            Sec.   5.540.
 adjustment rules for award or
 discontinuance of dependency and
 indemnity compensation to a
 surviving spouse where payments to
 a child are involved.
Effective date of reduction of a      Sec.   5.541.
 surviving spouse's dependency and
 indemnity compensation due to
 recertification of pay grade.
Effective date of reduction or        Sec.   5.543.
 discontinuance based on increased
 income: parents' dependency and
 indemnity compensation.
Dependency and indemnity              Sec.   5.544(b).
 compensation rate adjustments when
 an additional survivor files a
 claim.
Effective dates of awards and         Sec.   5.545(b).
 discontinuances of special monthly
 dependency and indemnity
 compensation.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUBPART H--SPECIAL AND ANCILLARY BENEFITS FOR VETERANS, DEPENDENTS, AND
                                SURVIVORS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Awards of benefits based on special   Sec.   5.581(d), (e).
 acts or private laws.
Effective dates of awards for a       Sec.   5.591(b).
 disabled child of a Vietnam or
 Korea veteran.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     SUBPART I--BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN FILIPINO VETERANS AND SURVIVORS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective dates of reductions and     Sec.   5.618.
 discontinuances for benefits at the
 full-dollar rate for a Filipino
 veteran and his or her survivor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          SUBPART K--MATTERS AFFECTING THE RECEIPT OF BENEFITS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective dates: forfeiture.........  Sec.   5.681.
Presidential pardon for offenses      Sec.   5.682(d).
 causing forfeiture.
Renouncement of benefits............  Sec.   5.683(c).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             SUBPART L--PAYMENTS AND ADJUSTMENTS TO PAYMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deceased beneficiary................  Sec.   5.694.
Payments to or for a child pursuing   Sec.   5.696(b)-(g).
 a course of instruction at an
 approved educational institution.
Eligibility verification reports....  Sec.   5.708(e).
Adjustment in benefits due to         Sec.   5.710(b).
 reduction or discontinuance of a
 benefit to another payee.
Payment to dependents due to the      Sec.   5.711(d).
 disappearance of a veteran for 90
 days or more.
Suspension of benefits due to the     Sec.   5.712.
 disappearance of a payee.
Restriction on benefit payments to    Sec.   5.713.
 an alien located in enemy territory.
Reduction of special monthly          Sec.   5.720(b), (e), (f).
 compensation based on the need for
 regular aid and attendance while a
 veteran is receiving hospital,
 domiciliary, or nursing home care.
Resumption of special monthly         Sec.   5.721(a).
 compensation based on the need for
 regular aid and attendance after a
 veteran is on temporary absence
 from hospital, domiciliary, or
 nursing home care or is discharged
 or released from such care.
Adjustment of Improved Pension while  Sec.   5.722(a), (d), (f), (g).
 a veteran is receiving domiciliary
 or nursing home care.
Adjustment of Improved Pension while  Sec.   5.723(b), (c).
 a veteran, surviving spouse, or
 child is receiving Medicaid-covered
 care in a nursing facility.
Adjustment or discontinuance of       Sec.   5.724(a), (c), (d).
 Improved Pension based on the need
 for regular aid and attendance
 while a veteran is receiving
 hospital, domiciliary, or nursing
 home care.
Resumption of Improved Pension and    Sec.   5.725(a), (c).
 Improved Pension based on the need
 for regular aid and attendance
 after a veteran is on temporary
 absence from hospital, domiciliary,
 or nursing home care or is
 discharged or released from such
 care.
Reduction of Section 306 Pension      Sec.   5.726(a), (d).
 while a veteran is receiving
 hospital, domiciliary, or nursing
 home care.
Reduction of Old-Law Pension while a  Sec.   5.727(a), (c).
 veteran is receiving hospital,
 domiciliary, or nursing home care.
Reduction of Old-Law Pension or       Sec.   5.728(a), (c).
 Section 306 Pension based on the
 need for regular aid and attendance
 while a veteran is receiving
 hospital, domiciliary, or nursing
 home care.
Resumption of Section 306 Pension     Sec.   5.729(a), (d).
 and Section 306 Pension based on
 the need for regular aid and
 attendance during a veteran's
 temporary absence from hospital,
 domiciliary, or nursing home care
 or after released from such care.
Resumption of Old-Law Pension and     Sec.   5.730(a).
 Old-Law Pension based on the need
 for regular aid and attendance
 after a veteran is on temporary
 absence from hospital, domiciliary,
 or nursing home care or is
 discharged or released from such
 care.
General effective dates for           Sec.   5.743(b).
 awarding, reducing, or
 discontinuing VA benefit benefits
 because of an election.
Prohibition against receipt of        Sec.   5.746(c).
 active military service pay and VA
 benefits for the same period.
Effect of payment of compensation     Sec.   5.754(d).
 under the Radiation Exposure
 Compensation Act of 1990 on payment
 of certain VA benefits.
Payment of multiple VA benefits to a  Sec.   5.762(c)(6)(ii).
 surviving child based on the
 service of more than one veteran.
Payment of Survivors' and             Sec.   5.764.
 Dependents' Educational Assistance
 and VA death pension or dependency
 and indemnity compensation for the
 same period.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUBPART M--APPORTIONMENTS TO DEPENDENTS AND PAYMENTS TO FIDUCIARIES AND
                       INCARCERATED BENEFICIARIES
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective date of reduction or        Sec.   5.783.
 discontinuance of apportionment.
Determinations of incompetency and    Sec.   5.790(f).
 competency.
Incarcerated beneficiaries--general   Sec.   5.810(f).
 provisions and definitions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 71295]]


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1832, 5112)

Sec.  5.706  Payments excluded in calculating income or net worth.

    (a) Scope. This section lists payments excluded by Federal statutes 
from income and net worth determinations when VA determines eligibility 
for benefits that are based on financial need. These benefits are 
Improved Pension, Section 306 Pension, Old-Law Pension, parents' 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), and additional amounts of 
veterans' compensation payable for dependent parents. Income and net 
worth rules applying solely to a specific benefit are included in the 
regulations that deal with that specific benefit.
    (b) Specific payments excluded. The following table states whether 
certain payments are included or excluded as income or net worth for 
any VA-administered benefit program that is based on financial need. 
This table does not confer any substantive rights.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Program or payment                    Income                 Net worth                Authority
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      COMPENSATION OR RESTITUTION PAYMENTS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Relocation payments. Payments to   Excluded................  Included.............  42 U.S.C. 4636.
 persons displaced as a direct result
 of programs or projects undertaken
 by a Federal agency or with Federal
 financial assistance under the
 Uniform Relocation Assistance and
 Real Property Acquisition Policies
 Act of 1970.
(2) Crime victim compensation.         Excluded................  Excluded.............  42 U.S.C. 10602(c).
 Amounts received as compensation
 under the Victims of Crime Act of
 1984 unless the total amount of
 assistance received from all
 federally funded programs is
 sufficient to fully compensate the
 claimant for losses suffered as a
 result of the crime.
(3) Restitution to persons of          Excluded................  Excluded.............  50 U.S.C. App. 1989b-
 Japanese ancestry. Payments made as                                                     4(f).
 restitution under Pub. L. 100-383 to
 a person of Japanese ancestry who
 was interned, evacuated, or
 relocated during the period of
 December 7, 1941, through June 30,
 1946, pursuant to any law, Executive
 Order, Presidential proclamation,
 directive, or other official action
 respecting these persons.
(4) Victims of Nazi persecution.       Excluded................  Excluded.............  Sec. 1(a), Pub. L. 103-
 Payments made to persons because of                                                     286, 108 Stat. 1450, 42
 their status as victims of Nazi                                                         U.S.C. 1437a note.
 persecution.
(5) Agent Orange settlement payments.  Excluded................  Excluded.............  Sec. 1, Pub. L. 101-201,
 Payments made from the Agent Orange                                                     103 Stat. 1795.
 Settlement Fund or any other fund
 established pursuant to the
 settlement in the In Re Agent Orange
 product liability litigation, M.D.L.
 No. 381 (E.D.N.Y.).
(6) Chapter 18 benefits. Allowances    Excluded................  Excluded.............  38 U.S.C. 1833(c).
 paid under 38 U.S.C. chapter 18 to a
 veteran's child with a birth defect.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          PAYMENTS TO NATIVE AMERICANS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(7) Indian judgment fund               Excluded................  Excluded.............  25 U.S.C. 1407.
 distributions. First $2,000 of
 income received by individual
 Indians under 25 U.S.C. 1407(1)-(4).
(8) Interests of individual Indians    First $2,000 per year     Excluded.............  25 U.S.C. 1408.
 in trust or restricted lands. Income   Excluded.
 received by individual Indians that
 is derived from interests in trust
 or restricted lands.
(9) Submarginal land. Income derived   Excluded................  Excluded.............  25 U.S.C. 459e.
 from certain submarginal land of the
 U.S. that is held in trust for
 certain Indian tribes..
(10) Old Age Assistance Claims         Excluded................  Excluded.............  25 U.S.C. 2307.
 Settlement Act. First $2,000 per
 capita distributions under the Old
 Age Assistance Claims Settlement Act.
(11) Alaska Native Claims Settlement   Excluded................  Excluded.............  43 U.S.C. 1626(c).
 Act. Any of the following, if
 received from a Native Corporation,
 under the Alaska Native Claims
 Settlement Act:.
    (i) Cash, including cash
     dividends on stocks and bonds,
     up to a maximum of $2,000 per
     year;
    (ii) Stock, including stock
     issued as a dividend or
     distribution;
    (iii) Bonds that are subject to
     the protection under 43 U.S.C.
     1606(h) until voluntarily and
     expressly sold or pledged by the
     shareholder after the date of
     distribution;
    (iv) A partnership interest;
    (v) Land or an interest in land,
     including land received as a
     dividend or distribution on
     stock;
    (vi) An interest in a settlement
     trust.
(12) Maine Indian Claims Settlement    Excluded................  Excluded.............  25 U.S.C. 1728.
 Act. Payments received under the
 Maine Indian Claims Settlement Act
 of 1980.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              WORK-RELATED PAYMENTS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(13) Workforce investment.             Excluded................  Included.............  29 U.S.C. 2931(a)(2).
 Allowances, earnings, and payments
 to persons participating in programs
 under the Workforce Investment Act
 of 1998 (29 U.S.C. chapter 30).

[[Page 71296]]

 
(14) AmeriCorps participants.          Excluded................  Included.............  42 U.S.C. 12637(d).
 Allowances, earnings, and payments
 to AmeriCorps participants under the
 National and Community Service Act
 of 1990.
(15) Volunteer work. Payments to       Excluded................  Excluded.............  42 U.S.C. 5044(f).
 volunteers involved in programs
 administered from the Corporation
 for National and Community Service,
 unless the payments are equal to or
 greater than the minimum wage. The
 minimum wage is either under the
 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29
 U.S.C. 201 et. seq.) or under the
 law of the State where the
 volunteers are serving, whichever is
 greater.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             MISCELLANEOUS PAYMENTS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(16) Food stamps. Value of the         Excluded................  Excluded.............  7 U.S.C. 2017(b).
 allotment provided to an eligible
 household under the Food Stamp
 Program.
(17) Food for children. Value of free  Excluded................  Excluded.............  42 U.S.C. 1780(b).
 or reduced price for food under the
 Child Nutrition Act of 1966.
(18) Child care. Value of any child    Excluded................  Excluded.............  42 U.S.C. 9858q.
 care provided or arranged (or any
 amount received as payment for such
 care or reimbursement for costs
 incurred for such care) under the
 Child Care and Development Block
 Grant Act of 1990.
(19) Services for housing recipients.  Excluded................  Excluded.............  42 U.S.C. 8011(j)(2).
 Value of services, but not wages,
 provided to a resident of an
 eligible housing project under a
 congregate services program under
 the Cranston-Gonzalez National
 Affordable Housing Act.
(20) Home energy assistance. The       Excluded................  Excluded.............  42 U.S.C. 8624(f).
 amount of any home energy assistance
 payments or allowances provided
 directly to, or indirectly for the
 benefit of, an eligible household
 under the Low-Income Home Energy
 Assistance Act.
(21) Programs for older Americans.     Excluded................  Included.............  42 U.S.C. 3020a(b).
 Payments, other than wages or
 salaries, received from programs
 funded under the Older Americans Act
 of 1965 (42 U.S.C. chapter 35).
(22) Student financial aid. Amounts    Excluded................  Excluded.............  20 U.S.C. 1087uu,
 of student financial assistance                                                         2415(a).
 received under Title IV of the
 Higher Education Act of 1965,
 including Federal work-study
 programs or under Bureau of Indian
 Affairs student assistance programs,
 or vocational training under the
 Carl D. Perkins Vocational and
 Technical Education Act of 1998.
(23) Retired Serviceman's Family       Excluded................  Included.............  10 U.S.C. 1441.
 Protection Plan annuities. Annuities
 received under subchapter 1 of the
 Retired Serviceman's Family
 Protection Plan.
(24) Medicare Prescription Drug        Excluded................  Excluded.............  42 U.S.C. 1395w-
 Discount Card and Transitional                                                          141(g)(6).
 Assistance Program.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.707  Deductible medical expenses.

    (a) Scope. This section describes the medical expenses that VA will 
deduct from countable income for purposes of three of VA's benefit 
programs based on financial need: Improved Pension, Section 306 
Pension, and parents' dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC).
    Cross References: For the rules governing how such medical expenses 
are deducted, see Sec. Sec.  5.413, Income deductions for calculating 
adjusted annual income, (regarding Improved Pension), 5.474, Deductible 
Expenses for Section 306 Pension Only, and 5.532 Deductions from income 
for parent's dependency and indemnity compensation.
    (b) Definition of licensed health care provider. For purposes of 
this section, the term licensed health care provider means a person 
licensed to provide health care in the state in which the person 
provides health care. The term includes, but is not limited to, 
physicians, registered nurses, licensed vocational nurses, and licensed 
practical nurses.
    (c) Medical expenses--general. If there is more than one way to 
categorize a medical expense under this paragraph (c), VA will 
categorize it in the way that is most favorable to the claimant or 
beneficiary. The following payments are medical expenses that will be 
deducted from income if they are not reimbursed:
    (1) Care by a licensed health care provider. Payments for 
diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, or preventive maintenance (such 
as an annual physical examination) provided by a licensed health care 
provider.
    (2) Medical supplies and medications. Payments for prescribed 
medication and legal non-prescription medication, as well as medically 
necessary food, beverages, and vitamins that a licensed health care 
provider authorized to write prescriptions directs a person to take.
    (3) Adaptive equipment. Payments for adaptive devices or companion 
animals used to assist a person with an ongoing disability, to the 
extent that a non-disabled person would not normally make such 
payments.
    (4) Transportation expenses. Payments for transportation for 
medical purposes, including transportation to and from a licensed 
health care provider's office. VA will deduct the full cost of parking, 
taxi, bus, or other transportation. However, VA limits the deductible 
expense per mile for travel by private vehicle to the amount stated on 
VA Form 21-8416, Medical Expense Report. That form may be obtained at 
http://www.va.gov.
    (5) Health insurance premiums. Payments for health, medical, and 
hospitalization insurance premiums. This category includes Medicare 
premiums.

[[Page 71297]]

    (6) Institutional forms of care and in-home attendants.--(i) 
Nursing home care. Payments to a facility that provides extended term 
inpatient medical care, if a responsible official of the facility 
certifies that the person is a patient (as opposed to a resident) in 
the facility.
    (ii) In-home attendant. Payments for an in-home attendant for the 
personal care of a person and maintenance of the person's immediate 
environment, if the attendant is also providing some medical or nursing 
care. The following provisions also apply:
    (A) If the person needs regular aid and attendance or is 
housebound, then the attendant need not be a licensed health care 
provider.
    (B) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(6)(ii)(C) of this section, 
if the person neither needs of regular aid and attendance nor is 
housebound, then the attendant must be a licensed health care provider.
    (C) If the person is neither a surviving spouse nor a veteran and a 
physician has stated that the person requires the level of medical or 
nursing care provided by the in-home attendant, then the attendant need 
not be a licensed health care provider.
    (iii) Veterans in State homes. Payments to a State home, such as a 
veterans' or soldiers' and sailors' home operated by a State, if:
    (A) The veteran is a patient (as opposed to a resident) in the 
State home; and
    (B) The veteran is receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care in the State home.
    (iv) Custodial care. Payments for custodial care (including room 
and board), nursing care, and medical treatment to an institution that 
houses and maintains a person because the person needs to live in a 
protected environment. One of the following conditions must be met:
    (A) The person needs regular aid and attendance or is housebound; 
or
    (B) A licensed physician has certified that the person needs to 
live in a protected environment because of a medical condition.
    (v) Custodial care in a government institution. Payments to a 
government institution that houses and maintains a person because the 
person needs to live in a protected environment. One of the following 
conditions must be met:
    (A) A licensed physician has certified that the person needs to 
live in a protected environment because of a medical condition; or
    (B) The person is participating in a physician-supervised program 
of therapy or rehabilitation.
    (vi) Adult day care, rest homes, group homes. Payments to an adult 
day care facility, rest home, group home, or similar facility, if the 
facility provides some medical or nursing care to the person. The care 
need not be provided by a licensed health care provider. One of the 
following conditions must be met:
    (A) The person needs regular aid and attendance or is housebound; 
or
    (B) A licensed physician has certified that the person needs the 
care provided by the facility.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315(f)(3), 1503(a)(8))

Sec.  5.708  Eligibility verification reports.

    (a) Definitions. (1) An eligibility verification report (EVR) is a 
form used to obtain information from claimants and beneficiaries about 
factors that may affect entitlement to pension or parents' dependency 
and indemnity compensation (DIC). See Sec.  5.709(b).
    (2) A reporting period is a period established by VA for which a 
claimant or beneficiary reports income, adjustments to income, and net 
worth to VA.
    (b) Circumstances when VA may require completion of an EVR. As a 
condition of receipt or continued receipt of benefits, claimants or 
beneficiaries of pension or parents' DIC must, file a completed EVR 
upon VA's request in the following circumstances:
    (1) EVRs for claimants. VA may require a claimant to file a 
completed EVR when necessary to update, complete, or clarify 
information regarding the claimant's income or marital status or any 
other factor that affects entitlement.
    (2) EVRs for beneficiaries. (i) Annual EVRs. VA may require a 
beneficiary to file a completed EVR annually.

    Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): VA does not require the following 
beneficiaries to file EVRs annually: a beneficiary in receipt of 
Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension, a beneficiary in receipt of 
Improved Pension whose only income is Social Security benefits, or a 
parent who has reached age 72 and has been receiving parents' DIC 
for 2 consecutive calendar years.

    (ii) Other circumstances. VA may require a beneficiary to file a 
completed EVR if:
    (A) The Social Security Administration has not verified the social 
security number of the beneficiary or, if applicable, the beneficiary's 
spouse;
    (B) Evidence suggests that the beneficiary or, if applicable, the 
beneficiary's spouse or child, may have received income from sources 
other than the Social Security Administration during the current or 
previous calendar year; or
    (C) The Secretary decides completion of an EVR is necessary to 
ensure accurate and timely reporting of changes in the factors that 
affect entitlement or to protect the pension and parents' DIC programs 
from fraud.
    (c) Action VA takes upon receipt of information or of an EVR. When 
VA receives new information in an EVR or through other means, VA may 
reconsider entitlement, adjust the amount of benefits paid, or request 
additional information, as appropriate.
    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.423(a); 5.531(e); and 5.478(a), Time 
limit to establish continuing entitlement to Old-Law Pension or Section 
306 Pension (regarding the action VA takes when expected annual income 
exceeds income limits for Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension).
    (d) Action VA takes when a claimant does not return a completed 
EVR. If VA does not receive a completed EVR within 60 days after the 
date VA requested the EVR from a claimant, VA will deny the claim.
    (e) Action VA takes when a beneficiary does not return a completed 
EVR.--(1) Failure to return an EVR. If VA does not receive an EVR 
within 60 days after the date VA requested the EVR from a beneficiary, 
VA will immediately suspend future benefit payments.
    (2) Return of an incomplete EVR. If VA receives an incomplete EVR 
no later than 60 days after the date VA requested the EVR from a 
beneficiary, VA will notify the beneficiary of the additional 
information needed to complete the EVR. If VA does not receive a 
completed EVR within 120 days after the date VA first requested the 
EVR, then VA will immediately suspend future benefit payments.
    (3) Discontinuance for failure to return a completed EVR. A 
beneficiary whose benefits were suspended under paragraph (e)(1) or (2) 
of this section must return the completed EVR no later than 1 year 
after the date VA first requested the EVR. Otherwise, VA will 
discontinue benefits as follows:
    (i) If the reporting period is the initial reporting period, the 
effective date of discontinuance is the first day of that period; or
    (ii) If the reporting period is a subsequent reporting period, the 
effective date of discontinuance is the first day of the calendar year 
for which VA requested the beneficiary provide the information in the 
EVR.
    (f) Action VA takes when a beneficiary returns an EVR after 
benefits were suspended or discontinued. If VA

[[Page 71298]]

suspended or discontinued benefits under paragraph (e) of this section, 
then VA will resume payments (if otherwise in order) as follows:
    (1) If VA receives the completed EVR no later than 1 year after the 
end of the reporting period for which VA requested the beneficiary 
provide the EVR, then VA will resume payment of benefits as follows:
    (i) Payments suspended but not discontinued. If payments were 
suspended but not discontinued, effective the date of suspension.
    (ii) Payments discontinued. If payments were discontinued, 
effective the date of discontinuance.
    (2) If VA receives the completed EVR more than 1 year after the end 
of the reporting period, VA will treat the EVR as a new claim.
    (g) VA will accept the EVR at any time to reduce or eliminate a 
debt. A beneficiary or former beneficiary who owes or owed money to VA 
because VA discontinued payments for failure to file an EVR within the 
time limit in paragraph (e)(3) of this section may file the EVR at any 
time to reduce or eliminate a debt. If, based on information in the 
EVR, VA decides that the beneficiary or former beneficiary was entitled 
to benefits for any part of the period for which VA discontinued 
payment for failure to file an EVR, VA will reduce the debt 
accordingly. If the debt is eliminated, VA will not pay additional 
benefits for that period.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1315(e), 1506)

Sec.  5.709  Claimant and beneficiary responsibility to report changes.

    (a) General rule. Claimants and beneficiaries of pension or 
parents' dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) must promptly 
notify VA of any material change in a factor that affects entitlement 
to the benefit that they are claiming or receiving. VA may request any 
information or evidence that is necessary to determine whether the 
person is entitled (or continues to be entitled) to a benefit. See 
Sec.  5.708, Eligibility verification reports, (explaining the 
circumstances when VA will require an eligibility verification report).
    (b) Table of factors affecting entitlement to pension or parents' 
DIC. The following table lists factors that often change and that 
affect entitlement to pension or parents' DIC. The table is intended 
solely for informational purposes. It does not list every factor that 
could affect entitlement to pension or parents' DIC.

[[Page 71299]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP27NO13.000


[[Page 71300]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP27NO13.001


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a); 1315; 1521(b), (c), and (h); 1522; 
1541(b), (c), and (g); 1542; 1543; sec. 306, Pub. L. 95-588, 92 
Stat. 2497)

Sec.  5.710  Adjustment in benefits due to reduction or discontinuance 
of a benefit to another payee.

    (a) Effect of reduction or discontinuance of a payee's benefit. If 
a payee becomes entitled to pension, disability compensation, or 
dependency and indemnity compensation, or an increase in such a benefit 
because VA reduced or discontinued payment of the same benefit to 
another payee, then VA will pay the award or increase without the 
filing of a new claim, except as provided in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of 
this section.
    (b) Effective dates.--(1) Sufficient information and evidence 
available. If there is sufficient information and evidence for VA to 
award or increase the payee's benefit, then the effective date of the 
award or increase is the day of the reduction or discontinuance of the 
benefit to the other payee.
    (2) Insufficient information and evidence. If there is not 
sufficient information or evidence for VA to award or increase the 
payee's benefit, then VA will request additional information or 
evidence.
    (i) If VA receives the information or evidence no later than 1 year 
after the date of VA's request, then VA will award or increase the 
payee's benefit and pay the appropriate rate effective the day of the 
reduction or discontinuance of the benefit to the other payee.
    (ii) If VA does not receive the information or evidence within 1 
year after the date of VA's request, then the payee must file a new 
claim. The effective date of the award or increase will be the date VA 
receives the new claim.
    (c) Rate payable. The rate for the person who becomes entitled 
pursuant to this section will be the rate that would have been payable 
if he or she had been the only original person entitled.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.711  Payment to dependents due to the disappearance of a 
veteran for 90 days or more.

    (a) General rule.--(1) Entitlement. When a veteran who is receiving 
or entitled to receive disability compensation, Section 306 Pension, or 
Improved Pension disappears for 90 days or more, VA will pay the 
benefit to the veteran's dependent(s) as provided in this section. VA 
will pay dependents under this section only if the veteran's 
whereabouts are unknown to the dependent(s) and to VA and VA receives a 
claim from the dependent(s).
    (2) Definition. For purposes of this section, entitled to receive 
means that VA has granted a claim for one of the benefits listed in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section but has not yet paid the veteran.
    (b) Veteran receiving or entitled to receive disability 
compensation. If the veteran was receiving or entitled to receive 
disability compensation, VA may pay it to the veteran's spouse, child, 
or dependent parent.
    (1) Rate payable. The total rate that VA will pay the veteran's 
dependent(s) is the lesser of either the total rate of dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) that would be payable if the veteran had 
died from a service-connected disability or the rate of disability 
compensation (minus any authorized insurance deductions) the veteran 
would have received or been entitled to receive at the time of 
disappearance. If there is a dependent parent, then the rate for 
parents' DIC may vary depending on the parent's annual income.
    (i) Disability compensation paid at DIC rate. If VA pays disability 
compensation at the DIC rate pursuant to this paragraph (b), then it 
will pay benefits to the dependents as if the veteran were deceased.
    (ii) Disability compensation paid at veteran's rate. If VA pays 
disability compensation at the veteran's rate pursuant to this 
paragraph (b), then it will pay benefits in proportion to the DIC rate 
for each dependent. VA will use the following steps in calculating each 
dependent's payment rate:
    (A) Determine the DIC rate for each dependent.
    (B) Combine those rates together to determine the total rate of DIC 
that would be payable.
    (C) For each dependent, divide the rate in paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(A) 
of this section by the rate in paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(B) of this section. 
Calculate the result to four decimal places.
    (D) For each dependent, multiply the result from paragraph 
(b)(1)(ii)(C) of this section by the veteran's rate.
    (E) For each dependent, round the final result down to the nearest 
dollar.
    (2) Effective date of payments.--(i) Claim received no later than 1 
year after VA last paid the veteran. If VA receives a claim no later 
than 1 year after the first day of the month after the month for which 
VA last paid compensation to the veteran, then payments to the 
veteran's dependent(s) will be payable effective the first day of the 
month after the month for which VA last paid compensation to the 
veteran.
    (ii) Claim more than 1 year after VA last paid the veteran. If VA 
receives a claim more than 1 year after the first day of the month 
after the month for which VA last paid compensation to the veteran, 
payments to the veteran's dependent(s) will be payable effective the 
date VA receives the claim.
    (c) Veteran receiving or entitled to receive pension. If the 
veteran was receiving or entitled to receive Section 306 Pension or 
Improved Pension, VA may pay benefits to the veteran's spouse or child. 
The veteran's permanent and total disability status, income, and net 
worth will be presumed to continue unchanged.
    (1) Rate payable. The total rate that VA will pay the veteran's 
dependent(s) is the lesser of the total rate of Improved Death Pension 
that would be payable if the veteran had died of a non-service-
connected disability or the rate of pension the veteran would have 
received or been entitled to receive at the time of disappearance.
    (i) Pension paid at Improved Death Pension rate. If VA pays pension 
at the Improved Death Pension rate pursuant to this paragraph (c), then 
it will pay benefits to the dependents as if the veteran were deceased.
    (ii) Pension paid at veteran's rate. If VA pays pension at the 
veteran's rate pursuant to this paragraph (c), then it will pay 
benefits in proportion to the Improved Death Pension rate for each 
dependent. VA will use the following steps in calculating each 
dependent's payment rate:

[[Page 71301]]

    (A) Determine the Improved Death Pension rate for each dependent.
    (B) Combine those rates together to determine the total rate of 
Improved Death Pension that would be payable.
    (C) For each dependent, divide the rate in paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(A) 
of this section by the rate in paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(B) of this section. 
Calculate the result to 4 decimal places.
    (D) For each dependent, multiply the result from paragraph 
(c)(1)(ii)(C) of this section by the veteran's rate.
    (E) For each dependent, round the final result down to the nearest 
dollar.
    (2) Effective date of payments.--(i) Claim received no later than 1 
year after VA last paid the veteran. If VA receives a claim no later 
than 1 year after the first day of the month after the month for which 
VA last paid pension to the veteran, payments to the veteran's 
dependent(s) will be payable effective the first day of the month after 
the month for which VA last paid pension to the veteran.
    (ii) Claim received more than 1 year after VA last paid the 
veteran. If VA receives a claim more than 1 year after the first day of 
the month after the month for which VA last paid pension to the 
veteran, payments to the veteran's dependent(s) will be payable 
effective the date VA receives the claim.
    (d) Discontinuance of payments to veteran's dependent(s).--(1) 
Veteran's whereabouts become known. If VA becomes aware of the 
veteran's whereabouts, VA will discontinue payments to the veteran's 
dependent(s) effective the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid benefits to the veteran's dependent(s).
    (2) Veteran presumed dead. VA will discontinue payments to the 
veteran's dependent(s) if the veteran is presumed dead under Sec.  
5.502. The date of the veteran's death is presumed to be 7 years after 
the date the veteran was last known to be alive. See Sec.  5.694 for 
the effective date for discontinuance of benefits based on the death of 
a beneficiary.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1158, 1507)

Sec.  5.712  Suspension of benefits due to the disappearance of a 
payee.

    (a) Suspension of benefits. When a payee's whereabouts are unknown, 
VA will suspend payment of pension, disability compensation, dependency 
and indemnity compensation, the monetary allowance under 38 U.S.C. 
chapter 18 for children disabled from spina bifida or with certain 
birth defects, or other monetary allowances effective the first day of 
the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits to the payee.
    (b) Resumption of suspended benefits. If VA has suspended payment 
of benefits under paragraph (a) of this section, VA will resume 
payments if VA becomes aware of the payee's whereabouts. The effective 
date of payments will be the first day of the first month for which VA 
suspended payments if entitlement is otherwise established. Retroactive 
payments to a veteran under this paragraph (b) will be reduced by the 
amount of any payments made to the veteran's dependents under Sec.  
5.711.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.713  Restriction on benefit payments to an alien located in 
enemy territory.

    (a) Restriction on payment. VA will discontinue all benefits except 
insurance payments to an alien who is located in the territory of 
either an enemy of the U.S. or in the territory of an enemy of any ally 
of the U.S. in territory that is under the military control of either 
an enemy of the U.S. or an enemy of any ally of the U.S. VA will 
discontinue benefits to an alien located in territory described in this 
paragraph (a), effective the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid benefits.
    (b) Apportionment of benefits. VA may apportion to the dependent(s) 
of an affected alien all or any part of the benefits discontinued under 
paragraph (a) of this section.
    (1) The amount payable to each dependent may not exceed the amount 
that would be payable to the dependent if the alien had died.
    (2) VA will discontinue payments to the dependent(s) effective the 
date it receives notice that the alien is no longer located in 
territory described in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (3) VA will reduce or discontinue payments to the dependent(s) upon 
the death of the alien or dependent, upon reduction or discontinuance 
of the alien's benefits, or when dependent status ends.
    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.715, Claims for undelivered or 
discontinued benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(a), 5308)

Sec.  5.714  Restriction on delivery of benefit payments to payees 
located in countries on Treasury Department list.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this part:
    (1) Special deposit account means the ``Secretary of the Treasury, 
Proceeds of Withheld Foreign Checks'' account established under 31 
U.S.C. 3329(b)(4).
    (2) Treasury Department list means the list of countries identified 
by the Secretary of the Treasury in 31 CFR 211.1, to which checks 
cannot be delivered with reasonable assurance that the payee will 
receive the check and be able to negotiate it for full value.
    (b) Evidence requests. Unless a claimant or payee who is living in 
a country on the Treasury Department list requests the alternative 
means of delivery described in paragraph (d) of this section, VA will 
not request evidence in support of a claim for benefits if such 
evidence would be obtained from a country on the Treasury Department 
list.
    (c) Restriction on check delivery. VA will not send benefit checks 
to a payee located in a country on the Treasury Department list or to a 
guardian or other person in the U.S. or a territory or possession of 
the U.S. who is legally responsible for the care of a payee located in 
a country on the Treasury Department list.
    (d) Alternative delivery permitted. If requested by a payee located 
in a country on the Treasury Department list, VA will send benefit 
checks to him or her in care of a U.S. Foreign Service post, specified 
by the payee, in a country that is not on the Treasury Department list.
    (e) Disposition of benefit checks. If the payee does not request 
the alternative means of delivery described in paragraph (d) of this 
section, VA will deposit checks described in paragraph (c) of this 
section into the special deposit account or into the U.S. Treasury as 
miscellaneous receipts, as required by 31 U.S.C. 3329(b) and 3330(b).
    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.715, Claims for undelivered or 
discontinued benefits.

(Authority: 31 U.S.C. 3329, 3330)

Sec.  5.715  Claims for undelivered or discontinued benefits.

    (a) Definitions. For the definitions of ``special deposit account'' 
and ``Treasury Department list'', see Sec.  5.714(a).
    (b) Claims for undelivered or discontinued benefits. (1) Unless a 
payee requests the alternative means of delivery under Sec.  5.714(d), 
the payee must file a claim with VA in order to be entitled to:
    (i) Any amounts not paid because awarded benefits were discontinued 
under Sec.  5.713;
    (ii) Resumption of benefits discontinued under Sec.  5.713; or
    (iii) Any undelivered benefit payments deposited to the payee's 
credit in the special deposit account or into the U.S. Treasury as 
miscellaneous receipts as described in Sec.  5.714(e).
    (2) Undelivered amounts will be released or a discontinued benefit

[[Page 71302]]

restored retroactively or resumed only if:
    (i) For a payee whose benefits were discontinued under Sec.  5.713, 
the payee is no longer subject to the restriction in Sec.  5.713(a);
    (ii) For a payee whose benefit checks were withheld under Sec.  
5.714, the payee is no longer subject to the restriction in Sec.  
5.714(c); or
    (iii) For a payee whose benefit checks were withheld under Sec.  
5.714, the payee requests the alternative means of delivery described 
in Sec.  5.714(d).

(Authority: 31 U.S.C. 3329)


    (c) Forfeiture for treasonable acts. Benefits are subject to 
forfeiture for treasonable acts as provided in Sec.  5.677.
    (d) Evidence requests. Subject to Sec.  5.90, VA may request 
evidence necessary to support a claim under this section. Evidence VA 
may request includes:
    (1) Satisfactory evidence that the payee has not been guilty of 
mutiny, treason, sabotage, or rendering assistance to an enemy; and
    (2) Evidence of continued entitlement to benefits during the period 
that VA discontinued benefits or benefit payments were undelivered.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5308)


    (e) Germany and Japan. VA will make no payments for any period 
before the date of filing a new claim if payments were discontinued 
before July 1, 1954, because the payee was a citizen or subject of 
Germany or Japan.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5309)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.565, Special rules for payment of benefits 
on deposit in a special deposit account when a payee living in a 
foreign country dies.

(Authority: 31 U.S.C. 3330)

Sec. Sec.  5.716-5.719  [Reserved]

Hospital, Domiciliary, and Nursing Home Care Reductions and Resumptions


Sec.  5.720  Adjustments to special monthly compensation based on the 
need for regular aid and attendance while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section and Sec. Sec.  5.721 
through 5.730:
    (1) Hospital care. Except as provided in paragraphs (c)(1) and 
(f)(1) of this section, hospital care means treatment provided in a VA 
hospital or provided in any hospital at VA expense.
    (2) Domiciliary or nursing home care means treatment provided in a 
VA domiciliary or nursing home or in any domiciliary or nursing home at 
VA expense.

    Note to paragraphs (a)(1) and (2): When multiple types of care 
are referred to consecutively (for example, ``hospital, domiciliary, 
or nursing home care''), VA will consider transfers between the 
different types of care as a continuous period of all such care. VA 
will not consider a transfer between different types of care 
(hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care) to be a discharge or 
release under Sec. Sec.  5.720 through 5.730.

    (3) Regular discharge or release means a veteran, surviving spouse, 
or child is discharged or released at the order of a medical 
professional based on that professional's opinion that there is no 
medical reason to continue care.
    (4) Irregular discharge or release means a veteran, surviving 
spouse, or child is discharged or released for any of the following 
reasons:
    (i) Refusal to accept treatment;
    (ii) Neglect of treatment;
    (iii) Obstruction of treatment;
    (iv) Disciplinary reasons;
    (v) Refusal to accept transfer to another facility;
    (vi) Leaving the facility against medical advice; or
    (vii) Failure to return from unauthorized or authorized absence.
    (5) Temporary absence means a veteran, surviving spouse, or child 
is placed on non-bed care status or authorized absence. A temporary 
absence is not a discharge or release. When calculating a period of 
temporary absence, VA includes the day on which the temporary absence 
begins.
    (b) Adjustment of special monthly compensation while receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care. VA will discontinue 
special monthly compensation (SMC) payable because a veteran needs 
regular aid and attendance or a higher level of care if the veteran is 
admitted to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care and the veteran 
remains in such care on the first day of the second calendar month 
after the date of admission. In such cases, VA will reduce SMC to a 
rate specified in paragraph (c) of this section. The effective date of 
the reduced rate of SMC will be the first day of the second calendar 
month after the date of admission. However, VA will make no reduction 
or discontinuance under this paragraph (b) if:
    (1) The rate of special monthly compensation payable would be the 
same with or without an award for regular aid and attendance; or
    (2) An exception in paragraph (d) of this section applies.
    (c) Calculating reduction of the rate of special monthly 
compensation. If appropriate under paragraph (b) of this section, VA 
will reduce a veteran's SMC rate as follows:
    (1) Discontinuance of special monthly compensation under Sec.  
5.332. VA will discontinue SMC paid under Sec.  5.332. For purposes of 
this paragraph (c)(1), hospital care means treatment in any hospital, 
including a private hospital, at U.S. Government expense. The 
discontinuance required by this paragraph (c)(1) is made only for 
hospital care; it is not made for domiciliary or nursing home care. VA 
will also make a reduction under paragraph (c)(3) of this section, if 
the veteran's circumstances meet any of those criteria.
    (2) Reduction of special monthly compensation under Sec. Sec.  
5.324 and 5.331. VA will reduce the following payments to the rate 
payable under Sec.  5.333:
    (i) Special monthly compensation paid at the rate under Sec.  5.324 
if entitlement is based on the need for regular aid and attendance.
    (ii) Special monthly compensation paid under Sec.  5.331(d)(1) or 
(e)(1) because a veteran is entitled to the rate under Sec.  5.324 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance and has been awarded 
the intermediate or next higher rate based on additional disability 
that is independently ratable.
    (3) Reduction of special monthly compensation under Sec.  5.330(e). 
Special monthly compensation paid at the rate under Sec.  5.330(e), 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance will be reduced as 
follows:
    (i) If the veteran is entitled to the rate under Sec.  5.324 both 
for the need for regular aid and attendance and for some other 
disability or combination of disabilities without considering any 
disabilities twice, then VA will reduce the special monthly 
compensation to the rate payable under Sec.  5.326.
    (ii) If the veteran is entitled to the rate under Sec.  5.324 based 
on the need for regular aid and attendance and is entitled to the rate 
under Sec.  5.326 without considering any disabilities twice, then VA 
will reduce the special monthly compensation to the rate payable under 
Sec.  5.328, Special monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(n).
    (iii) If the veteran is entitled to the rate under Sec.  5.324 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance and is entitled to the 
rate under Sec.  5.328 without considering any disabilities twice, then 
VA will not reduce the SMC rate payable under Sec.  5.330.
    (4) Reduction of special monthly compensation under Sec.  5.326(i). 
VA will reduce SMC paid under Sec.  5.326(i) to the rate payable under 
Sec.  5.324.
    (5) Additional disability compensation based on having dependents. 
In addition to the rates specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through

[[Page 71303]]

(4) of this section, VA will pay the additional amount of disability 
compensation payable to a veteran for dependents if he or she is 
entitled to disability compensation based on disabilities evaluated at 
30 percent or more disabling.
    (6) Additional ratings under Sec.  5.323. In addition to the rates 
specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section, SMC under 
Sec.  5.323, based on independently ratable disability, is payable 
subject to the statutory ceiling on the total amount of compensation 
specified in Sec.  5.323(b).
    (d) Exceptions. Except for the discontinuances required by 
paragraphs (c)(1) and (f)(1) of this section, VA will not reduce or 
discontinue SMC under this section if the need for regular aid and 
attendance is caused by disability resulting from:
    (1) Loss of use of both lower extremities and loss of anal and 
bladder sphincter control; or
    (2) Hansen's disease.
    (e) Readmission after discharge or release.--(1) Regular discharge 
or release. If a veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care after a regular discharge or release, VA will 
consider the readmission to be a new admission subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.
    (2) Irregular discharge or release.--(i) Readmission less than 6 
months after a period of hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care. 
VA will pay a reduced rate of SMC under paragraph (c) of this section 
effective on the date of readmission if all of the following are true:
    (A) SMC is reduced or discontinued under paragraph (b) of this 
section;
    (B) The veteran is given an irregular discharge or release from 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care; and
    (C) The veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing 
home care less than 6 months after discharge or release.
    (ii) Readmission 6 months or more after a period of hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care. If a veteran described in paragraph 
(e)(2)(i)(A) and (B) of this section is readmitted to hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care 6 months or more after discharge or 
release, VA will consider the readmission to be a new admission subject 
to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.
    (f) Entitlement to special monthly compensation based on the need 
for regular aid and attendance established while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care. (1) If a veteran becomes 
entitled to SMC under Sec.  5.332 while receiving hospital care 
effective on or after the date of admission into such care, then VA 
will not pay that benefit until the date of discharge or release from 
hospital care. This does not affect payments for periods prior to 
admission. For purposes of this paragraph (f)(1), hospital care means 
treatment in any hospital, including a private hospital, at U.S. 
Government expense.
    (2) If a veteran becomes entitled to SMC under any other provision 
of this part based on the need for regular aid and attendance while 
receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care effective on or 
after the date of admission into such care, then VA will pay reduced 
SMC under paragraphs (c)(2) through (4) of this section unless 
entitlement is based on one of the exceptions in paragraph (d) of this 
section. This does not affect payments for periods prior to admission.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5503)

Sec.  5.721  Resumption of special monthly compensation based on the 
need for regular aid and attendance after a veteran is on temporary 
absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or is 
discharged or released from such care.

    (a) Temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care.
    (1) Temporary absence for 30 days or more. If a veteran is on 
temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 
30 days or more, VA will resume any payment reduced or discontinued 
under Sec.  5.720. The effective date of the resumed payment is the 
date the temporary absence begins. If the veteran returns to hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care, then VA will reduce or discontinue 
special monthly compensation under Sec.  5.720 effective the date that 
the veteran returns to such care.
    (2) Temporary absence for less than 30 days. If a veteran is on 
temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 
less than 30 consecutive days, VA will not resume any payments reduced 
or discontinued under Sec.  5.720. If the veteran is later discharged 
or released, VA will retroactively pay the amounts that were unpaid 
during any such temporary absence.
    (b) Discharge or release. If a veteran is discharged or released 
from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, VA will resume any 
payment reduced or discontinued under Sec.  5.720 effective the date 
the veteran was discharged or released. Payment will be resumed at the 
rate in effect before the reduction based on hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care, unless the evidence of record shows that a different 
rate is required.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5503)

Sec.  5.722  Adjustment of Improved Pension while a veteran is 
receiving domiciliary or nursing home care.

    (a) General provisions.--(1) Veterans affected. Except as provided 
in paragraph (b) or (f) of this section, VA will reduce Improved 
Pension paid to a veteran who receives domiciliary or nursing home care 
continuously for 3 calendar months or who receives such care along with 
hospital care, as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, and 
who:
    (i) Does not have a spouse or child; or
    (ii) Is married or has a child but is receiving Improved Pension as 
a veteran without dependents.
    (2) Rate payable. VA will reduce Improved Pension under this 
section to $90 per month.
    (3) Effective date of reduction. Except as provided in paragraph 
(f) of this section, a reduction under paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
will be effective on the first day of the fourth calendar month after 
the month of admission to domiciliary or nursing home care.
    (b) Exceptions. VA will not reduce Improved Pension under this 
section if a veteran is:
    (1) Receiving domiciliary or nursing home care for Hansen's 
disease;
    (2) Maintained in a State soldiers' home;
    (3) Receiving domiciliary or nursing home care in a State home and 
the only payment made by VA to the State for the State home is the per 
diem rate under 38 U.S.C. 1741; or
    (4) Receiving pension as a veteran without a dependent because it 
is reasonable that part of his or her child's net worth be consumed for 
the child's maintenance before the child can be established as a 
dependent. See Sec.  5.414(e).
    (c) Apportionment of benefits to a spouse. Improved pension in 
excess of the $90 may be apportioned to the veteran's spouse under 
Sec.  5.772(c)(2)(ii).
    (d) Readmission.--(1) Less than 6 months after prior period of 
domiciliary or nursing home care. If a veteran is readmitted to 
domiciliary or nursing home care less than 6 months after a period of 
domiciliary or nursing home care for which Improved Pension was reduced 
under this section, VA will reduce Improved Pension to $90 per month 
effective the first day of the month after the month of readmission.
    (2) Six months or more after prior period of domiciliary or nursing 
home care. If a veteran is readmitted 6 months or more after a period 
of domiciliary or

[[Page 71304]]

nursing home care for which Improved Pension was reduced under this 
section, the readmission will be considered a new admission subject to 
the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.
    (e) Transfers.--(1) Transfer from hospital care. If a veteran is 
receiving hospital care and is transferred to domiciliary or nursing 
home care, VA will not consider the period of hospital care as 
domiciliary or nursing home care.
    (2) Transfers from domiciliary or nursing home care. (i) If a 
veteran is transferred from domiciliary or nursing home care to 
hospital care then back to domiciliary or nursing home care, VA will 
consider the entire period as continuous domiciliary or nursing home 
care unless the period of hospital care exceeds 6 months.
    (ii) If a veteran is transferred from domiciliary or nursing home 
care to hospital care and then dies while hospitalized, VA will 
consider the entire period as continuous domiciliary or nursing home 
care unless the period of hospital care exceeds 6 months.
    (iii) VA will consider domiciliary or nursing home care completed 
on the date of transfer to hospital care if a veteran is discharged or 
released from VA care after his or her hospital stay.
    (iv) VA will consider domiciliary or nursing home care completed on 
the date of transfer to hospital care if the period of hospital care 
exceeds 6 months.
    (f) Nursing home care for a prescribed program of rehabilitation.--
(1) Delay in reduction. The reduction required by this section for a 
veteran receiving nursing home care will be delayed for up to 3 
additional calendar months after the first day of the fourth calendar 
month referred to in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or the first day 
of the month following the month of readmission referred to in 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section, if the Under Secretary for Health, or 
his or her designee, certifies that the primary purpose for the 
veteran's additional period of nursing home care is to provide a 
prescribed program of rehabilitation, under 38 U.S.C. chapter 17, 
designed to restore the veteran's ability to function within the 
veteran's family and community.
    (2) Continued nursing home care for rehabilitation. The delay in 
reduction may be extended beyond the 3-month period provided by 
paragraph (f)(1) of this section if both of the following are true:
    (i) The veteran continues to receive nursing home care; and
    (ii) The Under Secretary for Health, or his or her designee, 
certifies that the primary purpose for the veteran's continued nursing 
home care is to provide a prescribed program of rehabilitation, under 
38 U.S.C. chapter 17, designed to restore the veteran's ability to 
function within the veteran's family and community.
    (3) Rehabilitation ends. The veteran's Improved Pension will be 
reduced under this section effective the first day of the calendar 
month after the date on which the program of rehabilitation ends.
    (g) Entitlement to Improved Pension established while a veteran is 
receiving domiciliary or nursing home care. If a veteran becomes 
entitled to Improved Pension while receiving domiciliary or nursing 
home care, VA will reduce pension, or pay a reduced rate of pension, in 
accordance with this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5503)

Sec.  5.723  Adjustment of Improved Pension while a veteran, surviving 
spouse, or surviving child is receiving Medicaid-covered care in a 
nursing facility.

    (a) General provision. Until November 30, 2016, VA will reduce 
Improved Pension being paid to a veteran without a spouse or child, to 
a surviving spouse without a child, or to a surviving child, to $90 per 
month when that beneficiary is receiving Medicaid-covered care in a 
nursing facility. VA will not reduce Improved Pension under this 
section if a veteran is receiving Medicaid-covered care in a State home 
to which VA makes per diem payments under 38 U.S.C. 1741.
    (b) Effective date of reduction. Except as provided in paragraph 
(c) of this section, the effective date of reduction of Improved 
Pension payments under this section will be the latest of:
    (1) The first day of the month after the month in which Medicaid-
covered care begins;
    (2) The first day of the month after the month during which the 60-
day period prescribed in Sec.  5.83(b) expires; or
    (3) The first day of the month after the month for which VA last 
paid benefits.
    (c) Willful concealment. If a beneficiary willfully conceals 
information that would lead to a reduction of Improved Pension payments 
under this section, and VA subsequently reduces Improved Pension under 
this section, the effective date of the reduction will be the first day 
of the month after the month in which the willful concealment occurred. 
In such a case, the beneficiary will be liable for any payments in 
excess of $90 per month made after the effective date of the reduction 
if the willful concealment prevented VA from reducing benefits during 
that period.
    (d) Entitlement to Improved Pension established while a veteran, 
surviving spouse, or child is receiving Medicaid-covered care in a 
nursing facility. If a veteran, surviving spouse, or child described in 
paragraph (a) of this section becomes entitled to Improved Pension 
while receiving Medicaid-covered care in a nursing facility, then VA 
will not pay more than $90 per month while he or she receives such 
care.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5503(d))

Sec.  5.724  Adjustment or discontinuance of Improved Pension based on 
the need for regular aid and attendance while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.

    (a) Reduction or discontinuance of Improved Pension. (1) If a 
veteran who is receiving Improved Pension based on the rate for regular 
aid and attendance receives hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care 
for at least 1 calendar month, VA will pay Improved Pension based on 
the housebound rate.
    (2) The resulting reduction or discontinuance of Improved Pension 
will be effective the first day of the second calendar month after the 
date of admission.
    (3) VA will not reduce or discontinue Improved Pension under this 
paragraph (a) if an exception in paragraph (b) of this section applies.
    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.400(b) and (c) for the housebound and 
regular aid and attendance rates; 5.722 for reductions of Improved 
Pension after 3 calendar months of domiciliary or nursing home care.
    (b) Exceptions. VA will not reduce or discontinue Improved Pension 
under this section if:
    (1) The need for regular aid and attendance is caused by disability 
resulting from:
    (i) Loss of use of both lower extremities and loss of anal and 
bladder sphincter control;
    (ii) Hansen's disease; or
    (iii) Blindness pursuant to Sec.  5.390(b)(1) or (2); or
    (2) The veteran is receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for Hansen's disease.
    (c) Readmission after discharge or release.--(1) Regular discharge 
or release. If a veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care after a regular discharge or release, then VA will 
consider the readmission to be a new admission subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Irregular discharge or release. (i) If a veteran whose Improved 
Pension was

[[Page 71305]]

reduced or discontinued under this section is readmitted to hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care less than 6 months after an irregular 
discharge or release, then VA will pay Improved Pension based on the 
housebound rate effective on the date of the readmission.
    (ii) If a veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care 6 months or more after an irregular discharge or 
release, then VA will consider the readmission to be a new admission 
subject to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.
    (d) Entitlement to Improved Pension based on the need for regular 
aid and attendance established while a veteran is admitted to hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care. If a veteran who is admitted to 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care becomes entitled to 
Improved Pension based on the need for regular aid and attendance, with 
an effective date on or after the date of admission, then VA will pay 
Improved Pension based on the housebound rate. VA will not reduce or 
discontinue benefits under this paragraph (d) if an exception in 
paragraph (b) of this section applies.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5503)

Sec.  5.725  Resumption of Improved Pension and Improved Pension based 
on the need for regular aid and attendance after a veteran is on 
temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or 
is discharged or released from such care.

    (a) Temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for 30 days or more.--(1) Improved Pension based on the need for 
regular aid and attendance. If a veteran is on temporary absence from 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 30 days or more, VA 
will resume any payment discontinued under Sec.  5.724. The effective 
date of the resumed payment is the date the temporary absence began. If 
the veteran returns to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, 
then VA will discontinue Improved Pension based on the need for regular 
aid and attendance under Sec.  5.724 effective the date that the 
temporary absence ends.
    (2) Improved Pension.--(i) General. If a beneficiary is on 
temporary absence from any domiciliary or nursing home care facility, 
or a Medicaid-covered nursing facility, for 30 days or more, VA will 
resume any payment reduced under Sec.  5.722 or Sec.  5.723. The 
payment will be resumed at the rate that is appropriate based on the 
beneficiary's income. The effective date of the resumed payment is the 
date that the temporary absence began. If the beneficiary returns to 
such facility, then VA will reduce Improved Pension under Sec.  5.722 
or Sec.  5.723 effective the date that the temporary absence ends.
    (ii) Apportionment of benefits to a spouse. If benefits reduced 
under Sec.  5.722 have been apportioned to a veteran's spouse, the 
apportionment will be discontinued on the day that the temporary 
absence began, unless it is determined that the apportionment will 
continue under Sec.  5.771.
    (b) Temporary absence for less than 30 days.--(1) Improved Pension 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance. If a veteran is on 
temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 
less than 30 consecutive days, VA will not resume any payments 
discontinued under Sec.  5.724. If the veteran is later discharged or 
released from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, VA will 
retroactively pay the amounts that were unpaid during any such 
temporary absence.
    (2) Improved Pension. If a beneficiary is on temporary absence from 
domiciliary care, nursing home care, or Medicaid-covered nursing 
facility care, for less than 30 consecutive days, VA will not resume 
any payments reduced under Sec.  5.722 or Sec.  5.723. If the 
beneficiary is later discharged or released from domiciliary care, 
nursing home care, or Medicaid-covered nursing facility care, VA will 
retroactively pay the amounts that were unpaid during any such 
temporary absence.
    (c) Discharge or release.--(1) Improved Pension based on the need 
for regular aid and attendance. If a veteran is discharged or released 
from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, VA will resume any 
payment reduced or discontinued under Sec.  5.724 effective the date 
the veteran is discharged or released. Payment will be resumed at the 
rate in effect before the reduction or discontinuance based on such 
care unless the evidence of record shows that a different rate is 
required.
    (2) Improved Pension. If a beneficiary is discharged or released 
from domiciliary care, nursing home care, or Medicaid-covered nursing 
facility care, VA will resume any payment reduced under Sec.  5.722 or 
Sec.  5.723 effective the date the beneficiary is discharged or 
released. Payment will be resumed at the rate in effect before the 
reduction or discontinuance based on domiciliary care, nursing home 
care, or Medicaid-covered nursing facility care, unless the evidence of 
record shows that a different rate is required.
    (3) Apportionment of benefits to a spouse. If benefits reduced 
under Sec.  5.722 have been apportioned to a veteran's spouse, the 
apportionment will be discontinued on the day that the veteran is 
discharged or released from domiciliary or nursing home care, unless it 
is determined that the apportionment will continue under Sec.  5.771, 
Special apportionments.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5503)

Sec.  5.726  Reduction of Section 306 Pension while a veteran is 
receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.

    (a) General provisions.--(1) Veterans affected. Except as provided 
in paragraph (b) of this section, VA will reduce Section 306 Pension 
paid to a veteran who receives hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care continuously for 2 calendar months and who:
    (i) Does not have a spouse or child; or
    (ii) Is married or has a child, but is receiving Section 306 
Pension as a veteran without dependents.
    (2) Proof of dependents. If VA requests evidence about a spouse or 
child but such evidence is not received before the effective date of 
the reduction, then VA will reduce the veteran's Section 306 Pension 
under this section on the basis of no dependents. If the evidence is 
received within 1 year after the date of VA's request, VA will pay the 
full rate from the date of reduction.
    (3) Rate payable. VA will reduce Section 306 Pension under this 
section to $50 per month.
    (4) Effective date of reduction. A reduction under paragraph (a) of 
this section will be effective on the first day of the third calendar 
month after the month of admission to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing 
home care.
    (5) Calculation of period. For purposes of calculating continuous 
periods of hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care under this 
section, authorized absences for periods of 96 hours or less will be 
included as periods of hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care. For 
authorized absences for periods of more than 96 hours, the entire 
period will be excluded from the total number of days, but will not be 
considered a break in the continuous period of hospital, domiciliary, 
or nursing home care. Sixty total days of hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care will be considered 2 calendar months of such care.
    (b) Exceptions. VA will not reduce Section 306 Pension under this 
section if a veteran is:
    (1) Receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 
Hansen's disease;
    (2) Maintained in a State soldiers' home; or

[[Page 71306]]

    (3) Receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care in a 
State home and the only payment made by VA to the State for the State 
home is the per diem rate under 38 U.S.C. 1741.
    (c) Apportionment of benefits to a spouse. Benefits in excess of 
the $50 per month may be apportioned to the veteran's spouse under 
Sec.  5.772(c)(2)(i).
    (d) Readmission.--(1) Less than 6 months after admission. If a 
veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care 
less than 6 months after a period of hospital, domiciliary, or nursing 
home care for which Section 306 Pension was reduced under this section, 
VA will reduce Section 306 Pension effective the first day of the month 
after the month of readmission.
    (2) Six months or more after admission. If a veteran is readmitted 
6 months or more after a period of hospital, domiciliary, or nursing 
home care for which Section 306 Pension was reduced under this section, 
the readmission will be considered a new admission subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5503; Pub. L. 95-588, Sec.  306, 92 Stat. 
2497)

Sec.  5.727  Reduction of Old-Law Pension while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.

    (a) General provisions.--(1) Veterans affected. Except as provided 
in paragraph (b) of this section, VA will reduce Old-Law Pension being 
paid to a veteran who has received hospital, domiciliary, or nursing 
home care continuously for 6 calendar months and who does not have a 
spouse or child.
    (2) Proof of dependents. If VA requests evidence about a spouse or 
child but such evidence is not received within 60 days, then VA will 
reduce the veteran's Old-Law Pension under this section on the basis of 
no dependents. If the evidence is received within 1 year after the date 
of VA's request, VA will pay the full rate from the date of reduction.
    (3) Rate payable. VA will reduce Old-Law Pension under this section 
to either $30 per month or 50 percent of the amount of Old-Law Pension 
otherwise payable to the veteran, whichever amount is greater.
    (4) Effective date of reduction.--(i) General. The effective date 
of reduction under paragraph (a) of this section is the first day of 
the seventh calendar month after the month of admission to hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care. VA excludes any month (others than 
the month of admission) that contains an authorized absence from its 
calculation of the effective date.
    (ii) Effect of irregular discharge prior to reduction. The 
reduction will be effective on that date even if a veteran is 
irregularly discharged or released from hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care and is readmitted to such care before that effective 
date. If the veteran is readmitted after the first day of the seventh 
calendar month after the month of admission to hospital, domiciliary, 
or nursing home care, the readmission will be considered a new 
admission subject to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.
    (b) Exceptions. VA will not reduce Old-Law Pension under this 
section if a veteran is:
    (1) Receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 
Hansen's disease;
    (2) Maintained in a State soldiers' home; or
    (3) Receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care in a 
State home and the only payment made by VA to the State for the State 
home is the per diem rate under 38 U.S.C. 1741.
    (c) Readmission.--(1) Readmission after regular discharge or 
release. If a veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care after a regular discharge or release, VA will 
consider the readmission to be a new admission subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section unless the veteran was 
discharged or released for purposes of admission to another facility 
for hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.
    (2) Readmission after irregular discharge or release.--(i) Less 
than 6 months after discharge or release. If a veteran is readmitted to 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care less than 6 months after 
being irregularly discharged or released from a prior period of 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for which Old-Law Pension 
was reduced under this section, VA will reduce Old-Law Pension 
effective the first day of the month after the month of readmission.
    (ii) Six months or more after discharge or release. If a veteran is 
readmitted 6 months or more after being irregularly discharged or 
released from a prior period of hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for which Old-Law Pension was reduced under this section, the 
readmission will be considered a new admission subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.

(Authority: Pub. L. 95-588, Sec.  306, 92 Stat. 2497)

Sec.  5.728  Reduction of Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension based 
on the need for regular aid and attendance while a veteran is receiving 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.

    (a) Reduction of Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension. (1)(i) 
Old-Law Pension. If a veteran who is receiving Old-Law Pension at the 
regular aid and attendance rate ($135.45 monthly) receives hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care for at least 1 calendar month, VA 
will reduce benefits to the housebound rate ($100 monthly).
    (ii) Section 306 Pension.--(A) General. If a veteran who is 
receiving Section 306 Pension based on the regular aid and attendance 
rate receives hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for at least 
1 calendar month, VA will pay benefits based on the housebound rate. VA 
will reduce benefits by $104 per month, which is the difference between 
the aid and attendance allowance ($165) and the housebound allowance 
($61).
    (B) Reduced aid and attendance allowance. If a veteran who is 
receiving Section 306 Pension at a reduced regular aid and attendance 
rate (under former 38 U.S.C. 521(d)(2), as in effect on December 31, 
1978) receives hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for at least 
1 calendar month, VA will reduce benefits to $61 per month.
    (2) The resulting reduction of these benefits will be effective the 
first day of the second calendar month after the month of admission.
    (3) VA will not reduce benefits under this paragraph (a) if an 
exception in paragraph (b) of this section applies.
    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.471 for the housebound and regular aid and 
attendance rates.
    (b) Exceptions. VA will not reduce Old-Law Pension or Section 306 
Pension under this section if:
    (1) The need for regular aid and attendance is caused by disability 
resulting from:
    (i) Loss of use of both lower extremities and loss of anal and 
bladder sphincter control;
    (ii) Hansen's disease; or
    (iii) 5/200 visual acuity or less in both eyes with corrective 
lenses or due to concentric contraction of the visual field to 5 
degrees or less in both eyes; or
    (2) The veteran is receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for Hansen's disease.
    (c) Readmission after discharge or release.--(1) Regular discharge 
or release. If a veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care after a regular discharge or release, then VA will 
consider the readmission to be a new admission subject to the

[[Page 71307]]

provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Irregular discharge or release. (i) If a veteran whose Old-Law 
Pension or Section 306 Pension was reduced under this section is 
readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care less than 6 
months after an irregular discharge or release, then VA will reduce 
Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension based on the need for regular 
aid and attendance effective on the date of the readmission.
    (ii) If a veteran is readmitted to hospital, domiciliary, or 
nursing home care 6 months or more after an irregular discharge or 
release, then VA will consider the readmission to be a new admission 
subject to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a); Pub. L. 95-588, Sec.  306, 92 Stat. 
2497)

Sec.  5.729  Resumption of Section 306 Pension and Section 306 Pension 
based on the need for regular aid and attendance during a veteran's 
temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or 
after released from such care.

    (a) Temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for 30 days or more.--(1) General. If a veteran is on temporary 
absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 30 days or 
more, VA will resume any Section 306 Pension payment reduced under 
Sec.  5.726 or Sec.  5.728. The effective date of the resumed payment 
is the date that the temporary absence begins. If the veteran returns 
to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, then VA will reduce 
Section 306 Pension effective the date that the temporary absence ends.
    (2) Apportionment of benefits to a spouse. If benefits reduced 
under Sec.  5.726 have been apportioned to a veteran's spouse, the 
apportionment will be discontinued on the day that the temporary 
absence begins, unless it is determined that the apportionment will 
continue under Sec.  5.771.
    (b) Temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for less than 30 days. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this 
section, if a veteran is on temporary absence from hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care for less than 30 consecutive days, VA 
will not resume any Section 306 Pension payments reduced under Sec.  
5.726 or Sec.  5.728. If the veteran is later discharged or released 
from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, VA will retroactively 
pay the amounts that were unpaid during any such temporary absence.
    (c) Adjustment based on need. (1) If a veteran has been under 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for more than 6 months and 
the combined periods of absence from such care exceed a total of 30 
days, VA will retroactively pay the amounts that were unpaid under 
Sec.  5.726 during such temporary absences if:
    (i) The director of the facility providing hospital, domiciliary, 
or nursing home care requests payment on behalf of a veteran; and
    (ii) Payment is necessary to meet the veteran's financial needs.
    (2) If the conditions in paragraph (c)(1) of this section are met, 
payment will be restored even if the veteran has not been discharged or 
released from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care.
    (d) Discharge or release.--(1) General. If a veteran is discharged 
or released from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, VA will 
resume any Section 306 Pension payment reduced under Sec.  5.726 or 
Sec.  5.728 effective the date the veteran was discharged or released. 
Payment will be resumed at the rate in effect before the reduction 
based on hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, unless the 
evidence of record shows that a different rate is required.
    (2) Apportionment of benefits to a spouse. If benefits reduced 
under Sec.  5.726 have been apportioned to a veteran's spouse, the 
apportionment will be discontinued on the day that the veteran is 
discharged or released from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care, unless it is determined that the apportionment will continue 
under Sec.  5.771.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5503; Pub. L. 95-588, Sec.  306, 92 Stat. 
2497)

Sec.  5.730  Resumption of Old-Law Pension and Old-Law Pension based on 
the need for regular aid and attendance after a veteran is on temporary 
absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or is 
discharged or released from such care.

    (a) Temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for 30 days or more. If a veteran is on temporary absence from 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for 30 days or more, VA 
will resume any Old-Law Pension payment reduced under Sec.  5.727 or 
Sec.  5.728. The effective date of the resumed payment for Old-Law 
Pension reduced under Sec.  5.727 is the date of reduction. The 
effective date of the resumed payment for Old-Law Pension reduced under 
Sec.  5.728 is the date the temporary absence begins. If the veteran 
returns to hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, then VA will 
reduce Old-Law Pension effective the date that the temporary absence 
ends.
    (b) Temporary absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care for less than 30 days. If a veteran is on temporary absence from 
hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care for less than 30 
consecutive days, VA will not resume any Old-Law Pension payments 
reduced under Sec.  5.727 or Sec.  5.728. If the veteran is later 
discharged or released from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care, VA will retroactively pay the amounts that were unpaid during any 
such temporary absence.
    (c) Regular discharge or release. If a veteran is regularly 
discharged or released from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care, VA will resume any Old-Law Pension payment reduced under Sec.  
5.727 or Sec.  5.728 effective the date that the veteran was discharged 
or released. Payment will be resumed at the rate in effect before the 
reduction based on hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, unless 
the evidence of record shows that a different rate is required. VA will 
also pay any amounts that were unpaid during the veteran's hospital, 
domiciliary, or nursing home care.
    (d) Irregular discharge or release. If a veteran is irregularly 
discharged or released from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home 
care, VA will resume any Old-Law Pension payment reduced under Sec.  
5.727 or Sec.  5.728 effective the date the veteran was discharged or 
released. Payment will be resumed at the rate in effect before the 
reduction based on hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care, unless 
the evidence of record shows that a different rate is required. If a 
veteran's irregular discharge or release is not changed to a regular 
discharge or release, VA will not pay any Old-Law Pension that was 
unpaid during the veteran's hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care 
until 6 months after the date the veteran was discharged or released.

(Authority: Pub. L. 95-588, Sec.  306, 92 Stat. 2497)

5.731-5.739  [Reserved]

Payments to a Beneficiary Who Is Eligible for More Than One Benefit: 
General Provisions


Sec.  5.740  Definitions relating to elections of benefits.

    (a) Election means any writing expressing a choice between two or 
more VA benefits to which the person is entitled, or between VA and 
other Federal benefits to which the person is entitled.
    (b) Initial election means the first election a person makes 
between two or more benefits.

[[Page 71308]]

    (c) Reelection means an election a person makes between benefits 
that were the subject of an initial election.
    (d) Timely filed with respect to elections means that an election 
is filed no later than 1 year after VA's notice that such an election 
is required, except as provided in Sec. Sec.  5.745(d)(1), 5.750(a)(2), 
5.757(a) through (c), and 5.759(b).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5103(b))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.535, Adjustments to a parent's dependency 
and indemnity compensation when income changes.


Sec.  5.741  Persons who may make an election of benefits.

    (a) General rule. VA will accept an election signed by a claimant 
or beneficiary, or if applicable, by any one of the following persons 
acting on behalf of a claimant or beneficiary:
    (1) The spouse of a claimant or beneficiary if the claimant or 
beneficiary has been declared to be an incompetent veteran under Sec.  
13.57 of this chapter;
    (2) The custodian of a claimant or beneficiary if the claimant or 
beneficiary is a minor under Sec.  13.58 of this chapter;
    (3) A fiduciary designated by VA under Sec.  13.55 of this chapter;
    (4) A court-appointed fiduciary, under Sec.  13.59 of this chapter; 
or
    (5) The chief officer of the health-care institution in which the 
veteran is receiving care and treatment, and whom VA has designated as 
a payee, under Sec. Sec.  13.55(b)(6) and 13.61 of this chapter.
    (b) Elections from a Member of Congress or duly authorized 
representative. This paragraph (b) applies if VA receives a 
communication from a Member of Congress or from a claimant or 
beneficiary's duly authorized representative indicating that a claimant 
or beneficiary wishes to elect a VA benefit. (If the communication is 
from a service organization, attorney, or agent, there must be a power 
of attorney in effect at the time the communication was written.) If VA 
receives such a communication, VA will provide notice to the claimant 
or beneficiary that a person listed in paragraph (a) of this section 
must sign such an election. If a properly signed election is then 
timely filed under Sec.  5.740(d), VA will consider the properly signed 
election to have been filed on the date it received the communication 
from the Member of Congress or the duly authorized representative.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5103(b)(1))

Sec.  5.742  Finality of elections of benefits; cancellation of certain 
elections of benefits.

    This section explains when an election or reelection becomes final. 
A final election or reelection ordinarily may be changed only by 
cancellation under paragraph (d) or (e) of this section or by 
reelection, if authorized under this part. Reelections are subject to 
the finality rules stated in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this 
section.
    (a) Finality of an election when benefits are received by check. 
Except as otherwise provided in this section, if the beneficiary 
receives payment of the elected benefit by check, the election is final 
when the beneficiary (or a person authorized to act on the 
beneficiary's behalf under Sec.  5.741) negotiates the first check for 
the elected benefit.
    (b) Finality of an election when benefits are received by direct 
deposit or electronic funds transfer. Except as otherwise provided in 
this section, if the beneficiary receives payment of the elected 
benefit by direct deposit or electronic funds transfer, the election is 
final when the applicable financial institution receives the second 
payment of the elected benefit.
    (c) Finality of an election when a beneficiary dies after filing an 
election. If a beneficiary died after filing an election, but before 
the beneficiary had negotiated the check or before the applicable 
financial institution had received the second payment for the elected 
benefit, the election is final even though it would not be considered 
final under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.
    (d) Cancellation of an election made by an incompetent person. If 
VA finds that a beneficiary was mentally incompetent when he or she 
elected a benefit, the beneficiary, or another person listed in Sec.  
5.741(a), who is acting on behalf of the beneficiary, may cancel that 
election. There is no deadline to cancel an election under this 
paragraph (d).
    (e) Cancellation of elections that were based on erroneous VA 
information. A beneficiary may cancel an election that was based on 
erroneous information provided by VA. For this right to cancellation to 
apply, VA must make a determination that it previously provided 
erroneous information. This determination must be based on the same 
evidence that VA used when it previously provided the erroneous 
information. There is no deadline to cancel an election under this 
paragraph (e).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.743  General effective dates for awarding, reducing, or 
discontinuing VA benefits because of an election.

    (a) General effective date of award; offset--(1) Effective date of 
award. Unless otherwise provided in this part, the effective date of an 
award of an elected benefit will be the same as the effective date VA 
would assign for the awarded benefit if no election were required. 
Unless otherwise provided in this part, if a beneficiary elects a 
different benefit, the effective date of an award of the elected VA 
benefit is the date VA receives the election.
    (2) Offset. Payments of the elected benefit are subject to an 
offset. The payments will be offset by any payments the beneficiary 
received for another benefit for the same period. This offset will 
occur only if the two benefits cannot be received concurrently.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5110, 5304)


    (b) Effective date of reduction or discontinuance. Unless otherwise 
provided in this part, VA will reduce or discontinue payments of a 
benefit because the beneficiary elected a different VA benefit or a 
non-VA benefit, effective on the effective date of the other benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112, 5304)

Sec.  5.744  [Reserved]

Payments From Service Departments and the Effects of Those Payments on 
VA Benefits


Sec.  5.745  Entitlement to concurrent receipt of military retired pay 
and VA disability compensation.

    (a) Definition of ``military retired pay''. For purposes of this 
part, ``military retired pay'' is payment received by a veteran that is 
classified as retired pay by the Service Department, including, but not 
limited to retainer pay, based on the recipient's service as a member 
of the Armed Forces or as a commissioned officer of the Public Health 
Service or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
(including its predecessor agencies, the Coast and Geodetic Survey and 
the Environmental Science Services Administration).
    (b) Payment of both military retired pay and disability 
compensation or Improved Pension--(1) Disability compensation. Subject 
to paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section, a veteran who is entitled 
to military retired pay and disability compensation for a service-
connected disability rated 50 percent or more disabling, or a 
combination of service-connected disabilities rated 50 percent or more 
disabling, under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4, 
subpart B of this chapter, is entitled to receive both payments subject 
to the phase-in period described in paragraph (c) of this section.

[[Page 71309]]

    (2) Chapter 61 disability retirees retiring with 20 or more years 
of service. Disability retired pay payable under 10 U.S.C. Chapter 61 
to a veteran with 20 or more years of creditable service may be paid 
concurrently with disability compensation to a qualifying veteran 
subject to the following elements:
    (i) Any waiver required during the phase-in period under paragraph 
(c)(1)(ii) of this section; and
    (ii) If the veteran's disability retired pay exceeds the amount of 
retired pay the veteran would have received had the veteran retired 
based on length of service, the veteran must waive that excess amount 
of disability retired pay in order to receive VA disability 
compensation.
    (3) Chapter 61 disability retirees retiring with less than 20 years 
of service. A veteran who receives disability retired pay under 10 
U.S.C. Chapter 61 with less than 20 years of creditable service is not 
eligible for concurrent receipt.
    (4) Improved Pension. A veteran may receive Improved Pension and 
military retired pay at the same time without having to waive military 
retired pay. However, in determining entitlement to Improved Pension, 
VA will treat military retired pay in the same manner as countable 
income from other sources.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1414)


    (c) Waiver--(1) When a waiver is necessary. (i) A waiver of 
military retired pay is necessary in order to receive disability 
compensation when a veteran is eligible for both military retired pay 
and disability compensation but is not eligible under paragraphs (b)(1) 
or (2) of this section to receive both benefits at the same time.
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, a 
veteran who is eligible to receive both military retired pay and 
disability compensation at the same time under paragraphs (b)(1) or (2) 
of this section must file a waiver in order to receive the maximum 
allowable amount of disability compensation during the phase-in period. 
The phase-in period ends on December 31, 2013. After the phase-in 
period, a veteran retired under 10 U.S.C. chapter 61 who is eligible 
for concurrent receipt must still file a waiver under the circumstances 
described in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
    (2) When a waiver is not necessary. Unless paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of 
this section applies, a veteran who is entitled to receive disability 
compensation at the 100 percent rate does not need to file a waiver of 
military retired pay. The phase-in period does not apply to this group 
of veterans. This includes a veteran who is entitled to receive 
disability compensation based on a VA determination of individual 
unemployability (IU) as well as a veteran rated 100 percent disabled 
under the Schedule for Rating Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter.
    (3) How to file a waiver of military retired pay. A veteran may 
request a waiver of military retired pay in any written, signed 
statement, including, but not limited to, a VA form, which reflects a 
desire to waive all or some military retired pay. The statement must be 
filed with VA or with the Federal agency that pays the veteran's 
military retired pay. VA will treat a claim for VA disability 
compensation filed by a veteran who is entitled to military retired pay 
as a waiver.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1414; 38 U.S.C. 5305)


    (d) Elections and the right to reelect either benefit. (1) A 
veteran who has filed a waiver of military retired pay under this 
section has elected to receive disability compensation. A veteran may 
reelect between benefits covered by this section at any time by filing 
a written, signed statement to VA or to the Federal agency that pays 
the veteran's military retired pay.
    (2) An election between military retired pay and disability 
compensation under this section that is filed no later than 1 year 
after the date of notification of VA entitlement will be considered 
``timely filed'' for effective date purposes. If the veteran is 
incompetent, the 1-year period will begin on the date that notification 
is sent to the next friend or fiduciary. In initial determinations, 
elections may be applied retroactively if the claimant was not advised 
of his or her right of election and its effect.
    (e) Effective date rules for elections under this section. (1) If 
an election is timely filed under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the 
effective date of the election will be the date of entitlement to the 
elected benefit.
    (2) If a waiver is properly filed under paragraph (c) of this 
section, the effective date of the waiver will be the day following 
discontinuance or reduction of retired pay.
    (3) If a reelection is made under paragraph (d)(1) of this section, 
the effective date of the election will be the date that the reelection 
is received by VA.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5304(a), 5305)

Sec.  5.746  Prohibition against receipt of active military service pay 
and VA benefits for the same period.

    (a) Definition of ``active military service pay''. For purposes of 
this section, active military service pay means pay that a veteran 
receives for active duty, active duty for training, or inactive duty 
training. Active military service pay does not include pay for time 
spent by a member of the Reserve Officer Training Corps in drills as 
part of his or her activities as a member of the corps.
    (b) Prohibition against receipt of VA benefits at the same time as 
active military service pay. VA will not pay VA disability compensation 
or pension to a veteran for any period for which the veteran receives 
active military service pay.
    (c) Effective date of discontinuance of payments for VA benefits 
during active duty status. Unless the veteran elects to receive VA 
benefits instead of active military service pay, VA will discontinue 
payments effective the day the veteran begins active duty service. If 
VA does not know the exact date of the veteran's return to active duty, 
VA will discontinue payments effective the first day of the month after 
the month for which it last paid benefits. If the exact date of the 
veteran's return to active duty thereafter becomes known, VA will then 
discontinue payments effective as of that date.
    (d) Resumption of payments for VA benefits on release from active 
duty.--(1) Effective date. If otherwise in order, VA will resume 
payments effective the day after the date of release from active duty 
if VA receives a claim to resume payments no later than 1 year after 
the date of release. Otherwise, the effective date is 1 year before the 
date VA receives the claim to resume payments.
    (2) Rate--(i) Static service-connected disabilities. If the 
evidence of record shows that the level of disability had become static 
at the time of entry into active duty, VA will resume payments for a 
service-connected disability at the same disability level that was in 
effect immediately before entering active duty.
    (ii) Non-static service-connected disabilities. Except as provided 
in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section, VA will resume payments based 
on the degree of disability found to exist when the award is resumed. 
VA will ascertain the degree of disability by considering all the 
facts, including, but not limited to, facts provided in records from 
the service department relating to the most recent period of active 
military service.
    (3) Application of Sec.  5.693. Resumptions under paragraph (d) of 
this section are not subject to Sec.  5.693, except to the extent that 
the disability rating is increased.
    (4) Prior service-connection awards. In determining whether 
disability compensation payments should be

[[Page 71310]]

resumed under paragraph (d) of this section, VA will not disturb prior 
determinations of service connection except as provided in Sec.  
5.83(a), or Sec.  5.177.
    (5) New claims for service connection. If the veteran incurs or 
aggravates a disability during the subsequent period of service, VA 
will not grant service connection for the new disability unless it 
receives a claim for service connection for that disability.
    (e) Waiver of VA benefits during active duty for training or 
inactive duty for training--(1) Waiver of VA benefits. A veteran who is 
a Reservist and a National Guard member may waive his or her VA pension 
or disability compensation for periods of active duty for training or 
inactive duty for training. See Sec.  5.23. Waivers may cover 
anticipated periods of training; however, each waiver is effective for 
not more than 1 year.
    (2) Readjustments. VA may authorize retroactive payments of 
previously waived VA pension or disability compensation if readjustment 
is in order because the veteran did not receive service pay for a 
period of training duty as anticipated. However, VA must receive a 
claim for readjustment no later than 1 year after the end of the fiscal 
year during which VA benefits were waived.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 12316; 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5304(c))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``reservist''.


Sec.  5.747  Effect of military readjustment pay, disability severance 
pay, and separation pay on VA benefits.

    (a) Lump-sum readjustment pay. This paragraph (a) applies when 
entitlement to disability compensation was established after September 
14, 1981.
    (1) Recoupment of lump-sum readjustment pay. A veteran who has 
received a lump-sum readjustment payment may also receive disability 
compensation for disability incurred in, or aggravated by, service 
before the date of receipt of the lump-sum readjustment payment. 
However, the lump-sum readjustment payment will be recouped from the 
disability compensation.
    (2) Disability compensation for disability incurred or aggravated 
in subsequent service is not subject to recoupment. The veteran must 
receive the full amount of the monthly disability compensation 
including additional amounts for a dependent, payable for a service-
connected disability that was incurred in or aggravated in a period of 
service that is subsequent to the period on which the readjustment pay 
was based.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1174(h)(2); 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    (b) Disability severance pay--(1) Recoupment of disability 
severance pay when VA disability compensation is awarded for a 
severance disability. When VA disability compensation is awarded based 
on the same disability or disabilities for which the veteran received 
disability severance pay, VA will recoup from the disability 
compensation award the full amount of the disability severance pay.
    (2) Rate of recoupment of disability severance pay. Generally, VA 
will recoup disability severance pay from VA disability compensation at 
the rate payable for the initial determination of the degree of the 
disability for which the veteran was awarded disability severance pay. 
However, the veteran must receive the full amount of the monthly 
disability compensation, including additional amounts for a dependent, 
payable for any additional nonseverance pay disabilities.
    (i) Initial determination of the degree of disability. The initial 
determination of the degree of disability means the first regular 
schedular compensable rating determined under the Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities in part 4 of this chapter. The initial determination of 
the degree of disability must be made without consideration in whole or 
in part of a need for hospitalization or a period of convalescence. It 
does not include a temporary 100 percent rating assigned under Sec.  
4.28, Sec.  4.29, or Sec.  4.30 of this chapter.
    (ii) Rate of recoupment before an initial determination of the 
degree of disability. When a veteran is receiving a temporary rating 
assigned under Sec.  4.28, Sec.  4.29, or Sec.  4.30 of this chapter 
and VA has not yet made an initial determination of the degree of 
disability, VA will recoup at the rate payable, based on that temporary 
rating, for the disability or disabilities for which the severance pay 
was granted.
    (iii) Rate of recoupment after an initial determination of the 
degree of disability. After making an initial determination of the 
degree of disability, VA will recoup disability compensation at the 
monthly rate payable for the degree of disability assigned. VA will not 
thereafter change the rate of recoupment based on reevaluations of the 
veteran's disability that lead to an increased rating.
    (3) Disability severance pay for a combat zone veteran. The veteran 
must receive the full amount of the monthly disability compensation, 
including additional amounts for a dependent, if the veteran separated 
under 10 U.S.C. 61 after January 28, 2008, and the veteran's 
disabilities were incurred:
    (i) In the line of duty in a combat zone; or
    (ii) During performance of duty in combat-related operations as 
designated by the Department of Defense.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1174(h) and 1212(d); 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1161)


    (c) Separation pay and special separation benefits. This paragraph 
(c) applies when entitlement to disability compensation was established 
after September 14, 1981.
    (1) Recoupment of separation pay and special separation benefits. A 
veteran who has received separation pay or special separation benefits 
may also receive disability compensation for a disability incurred in 
or aggravated by service before the date of receipt of separation pay 
or special separation benefits. However, the separation pay or special 
separation benefits will be recouped from the disability compensation.
    (2) Disability compensation for disability incurred or aggravated 
in subsequent service is not subject to recoupment. The veteran must 
receive the full amount of the monthly disability compensation, 
including additional amounts for a dependent, payable for a service-
connected disability that was incurred in or aggravated in a period of 
service that is subsequent to the period on which the separation pay or 
special separation benefits were based.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1174, 1174a, 38 U.S.C. 501(a))


    (d) Amount recouped--(1) Lump-sum readjustment pay, disability 
severance pay, and separation pay--(i) Payments received before October 
1, 1996. VA will recoup from VA disability compensation the total 
amount of lump-sum readjustment pay, disability severance pay, and 
separation pay a veteran received before October 1, 1996, regardless of 
the amount of Federal income tax withheld from such payments.
    (ii) Payments received after September 30, 1996. VA will recoup 
from VA disability compensation the total amount of lump-sum 
readjustment pay, disability severance pay, and separation pay a 
veteran received after September 30, 1996, less the amount of Federal 
income tax withheld from such payments. The Federal income tax 
withholding amount is the flat withholding rate for Federal income tax 
withholding.
    (2) Special separation benefits. VA will recoup from VA disability

[[Page 71311]]

compensation the total amount of special separation benefits under 10 
U.S.C. 1174(a) less the amount of Federal income tax withheld from such 
payments. The Federal income tax withholding amount is the flat 
withholding rate for Federal income tax withholding.

(Authority: 10 U.S.C. 1174, 1212(d), 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.748  Concurrent receipt of VA disability compensation and 
retired pay by certain officers of the Public Health Service.

    Disability compensation may be paid concurrently with retired pay 
to an officer of the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service, 
who was receiving disability compensation on December 31, 1956, as 
follows:
    (a) An officer who incurred a disability before July 29, 1945, but 
retired for reasons unrelated to disability before such date;
    (b) An officer who incurred a disability before July 29, 1945, but 
retired unrelated to disability between July 4, 1952, and December 31, 
1956; or
    (c) An officer who incurred a disability between July 29, 1945, and 
July 3, 1952, but retired unrelated to disability between July 4, 1952, 
and December 31, 1956.

(Authority: Sec. 501(b), Pub. L. 84-881, 70 Stat. 881; E.O. 9575, 10 
FR 7895, June 29, 1945; E.O. 10349, 17 FR 3769, Apr. 29, 1952)

Sec.  5.749  [Reserved]

Payments From Other Federal Agencies and the Effects of Those Payments 
on VA Benefits for a Veteran and Survivor


Sec.  5.750  Election between VA benefits and compensation under the 
Federal Employees' Compensation Act for death or disability due to 
military service.

    (a) General rules--(1) Election required. A person who is entitled 
to compensation from the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Workers' 
Compensation Programs under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act 
(FECA) for a disability or death incurred before January 1, 1957, due 
to service in the Armed Forces, and who is also entitled to VA pension, 
disability compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) 
based on the same disability or death (including compensation or DIC 
payable under 38 U.S.C. 1151, Benefits for persons disabled by 
treatment or vocational rehabilitation) must elect whether to receive 
FECA compensation or the applicable VA benefit. An election under this 
paragraph (a)(1) is irrevocable once it becomes final under Sec.  
5.742. There is no right of reelection, with the exception of the 
situation addressed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. If a 
beneficiary elects to receive FECA compensation, his or her VA benefits 
will be discontinued effective the end of the month following the month 
in which VA receives notice of the election from the Office of Workers' 
Compensation.
    (2) Right to reelect dependency and indemnity compensation in lieu 
of compensation under FECA at any time. A person who is receiving 
benefits under FECA based on death in military service may reelect at 
any time to receive DIC in lieu of FECA compensation. However, such an 
election of DIC is irrevocable once the reelection becomes final under 
Sec.  5.742.
    (3) Future increases in impairment. If a veteran makes an election 
of FECA compensation instead of VA disability compensation for a 
particular disability, and there is subsequent increased impairment 
based on that disability, the award of increased disability 
compensation based on the increased impairment will be considered a new 
benefit and the veteran may elect to receive FECA compensation or VA 
disability compensation as to that increased impairment. If the veteran 
elects VA disability compensation for the increase, VA will pay only 
the difference between the rate payable for the increased rating and 
the rate payable for the prior rating.
    (b) Effect of a surviving spouse's election of compensation under 
FECA or VA benefits on the rights of a child--(1) Cases in which a 
spouse's entitlement controls a child's entitlement. If a child's 
entitlement to VA benefits is controlled by the surviving spouse's 
entitlement, the surviving spouse's election controls the rights of the 
veteran's child, even if the child is not in the custody of the 
surviving spouse and even if the child is not entitled to receive any 
benefits under FECA. If the surviving spouse elects to receive FECA 
compensation, the child's VA benefits will be discontinued on the same 
day that the surviving spouse's VA benefits are discontinued.
    (2) Cases in which a child has independent entitlement. If a child 
is entitled to DIC or other VA benefits independent of the surviving 
spouse's entitlement, the child may receive such benefits at the same 
time that the surviving spouse receives FECA compensation.

(Authority: 5 U.S.C. 8116(b); 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1316(b), 1317(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.751  Election between VA benefits and compensation under the 
Federal Employees' Compensation Act for death or disability due to 
Federal civilian employment.

    (a) When both VA benefits and compensation under the Federal 
Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) are based upon the same disability 
or death--(1) Election required. Except as otherwise provided in this 
section, a person who is entitled to compensation from the U.S. 
Department of Labor's Office of Workers' Compensation Programs under 
FECA, for a disability or death due to Federal civilian employment, and 
who is also entitled to VA disability compensation or dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) based on the same disability or death, 
must elect whether to receive FECA compensation or the applicable VA 
benefit. If a beneficiary elects to receive FECA compensation, his or 
her VA benefits will be discontinued effective the end of the month 
following the month in which VA receives notice of the election from 
the Office of Workers' Compensation.
    (2) No election is required for VA awards approved before September 
13, 1960. Any award approved before September 13, 1960, authorizing VA 
benefits concurrently with an award of FECA compensation for a 
disability or death due to Federal civilian employment is not subject 
to the election requirement in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (b) When VA benefits and FECA compensation are each based on a 
different disability or death. There is no prohibition against 
concurrent payment of FECA compensation and VA disability compensation 
or DIC if entitlement to each benefit is based on a different 
disability or death. The election described in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section is not required in such cases.
    (c) Election is irrevocable. An election to receive FECA 
compensation or VA benefits under this section is irrevocable once the 
election becomes final under Sec.  5.742, Finality of elections; 
cancellation of certain elections. There is no right of reelection.
    (d) Future increases in disability. If a veteran makes an election 
of FECA compensation instead of VA disability compensation for a 
particular disability, and there is subsequent increased impairment 
based on that disability, the award of increased disability 
compensation based on the increased disability will be considered a new 
benefit and the veteran may elect to receive FECA compensation or VA

[[Page 71312]]

disability compensation as to that increased disability.
    (e) Effect of a surviving spouse's election of compensation under 
FECA or VA benefits on the rights of a child--(1) Cases in which a 
spouse's entitlement controls a child's entitlement. If a child's 
entitlement to VA benefits is controlled by the surviving spouse's 
entitlement, the surviving spouse's election controls the rights of the 
veteran's child, even if the child is not in the custody of the 
surviving spouse and even if the child is not entitled to receive any 
benefits under FECA. If the surviving spouse elects to receive FECA 
compensation, the child's VA benefits will be discontinued on the same 
day that the surviving spouse's VA benefits are discontinued.
    (2) Cases in which a child has independent entitlement. If a child 
is entitled to DIC or other VA benefits independent of the surviving 
spouse's entitlement, the child may receive such benefits at the same 
time that the surviving spouse receives FECA compensation.

(Authority: 5 U.S.C. 8116(b); 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.752  Procedures for elections between VA benefits and 
compensation under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act.

    (a) Procedures before VA receipt of an election between 
compensation under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) and 
VA benefits. When there is evidence showing that a claimant is 
receiving benefits from the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of 
Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP) under FECA for the same 
disability or death for which VA benefits are claimed, VA will:
    (1) Advise OWCP of the pertinent facts in the case, including the 
disabilities for which VA benefits are payable, and request that OWCP 
obtain the election; and
    (2) Deny the VA claim, advise the claimant of the facts VA 
furnished to OWCP, and inform the claimant that OWCP will contact the 
claimant concerning rights of election.
    (b) Procedures when there is an election of VA benefits instead of 
compensation under FECA. If OWCP informs VA that the claimant has 
elected VA benefits, VA will pay benefits effective the date of receipt 
of the claim for VA benefits (or other effective date assigned under 
this chapter based on such claim). VA will offset FECA payments made 
during the period between the effective date of the VA award and the 
date of election.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.753  Payment of VA benefits and civil service retirement 
benefits for the same period.

    VA will pay VA benefits to an eligible claimant or beneficiary at 
the same time that the claimant or beneficiary is receiving civil 
service retirement benefits. However, VA will consider payments of 
civil service retirement benefits as income where income is a factor in 
entitlement to VA benefits except as otherwise provided in this part.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a))

Sec.  5.754  Effect of payment of compensation under the Radiation 
Exposure Compensation Act of 1990 on payment of certain VA benefits.

    (a) Disability compensation.--(1) Receipt of payment under 
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990. A radiation-exposed 
veteran, as defined in Sec.  5.268(a), who receives a payment under the 
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2210 
note) (RECA), will not be denied disability compensation to which the 
veteran is entitled under Sec.  5.268 (discussing presumptive service 
connection for radiation exposed veterans) for months beginning after 
March 26, 2002.
    (2) Non-radiation exposed veteran. A veteran who is not a 
``radiation-exposed veteran,'' as defined in Sec.  5.268(a), is not 
entitled to VA disability compensation for disability caused by a 
disease that is attributable to exposure to radiation for which the 
veteran has received a payment under RECA.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1112(c)(4))


    (b) Dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC). A person who 
receives a payment under RECA based upon a veteran's death will not be 
denied DIC to which the person is entitled under Sec. Sec.  5.510 
through 5.512 and 5.520 through 5.522 for months beginning after March 
26, 2002.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1310(c))


    (c) Offset of RECA against VA benefits. Notwithstanding paragraphs 
(a)(1) or (b) of this section, the amount of a RECA payment will be 
deducted from the amount of disability compensation payable pursuant to 
Sec.  5.268.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1310(c))


    (d) Effective date of discontinuance of VA benefits. This paragraph 
(d) applies when VA must discontinue VA disability compensation to a 
person because that person received RECA compensation. In such a case, 
VA will discontinue its benefits effective the first day of the month 
that RECA benefits are issued.

(Authority: 42 U.S.C. 2210 note)

Sec.  5.755  [Reserved]

Rules Concerning the Receipt of Multiple VA Benefits


Sec.  5.756  Prohibition against concurrent receipt of certain VA 
benefits based on the service of the same veteran.

    (a) Veteran. VA may not pay a veteran an award of disability 
compensation and an award of disability pension at the same time based 
on the veteran's service.
    (b) Survivor. VA may not pay a survivor more than one award of 
death pension, death compensation, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) based on the service of the same veteran.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5304(a)(1))

Sec.  5.757  Elections between VA disability compensation and VA 
pension.

    (a) Elections between disability compensation and Improved Pension. 
A person who is entitled to receive both disability compensation and 
Improved Pension may elect or reelect at any time to receive either 
benefit unless otherwise provided in this part, regardless of whether 
it is the greater or lesser benefit.
    (b) Elections between dependency and indemnity compensation and 
death pension. A person who is entitled to receive both dependency and 
indemnity compensation and death pension may elect or reelect at any 
time to receive either benefit unless otherwise provided in this part, 
regardless of whether it is the greater or lesser benefit.
    (c) Elections between disability compensation and Old-Law Pension 
or Section 306 Pension. A person who is entitled to receive both 
disability compensation and Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension may 
elect at any time to receive either benefit. Such person may reelect at 
any time to receive the other benefit unless otherwise provided in this 
part, regardless of which is the greater or lesser benefit.
    (d) Effect of a veteran's election of disability compensation or 
pension on other beneficiaries. A veteran's election of disability 
compensation or pension under this section controls the right of any 
dependent in that case, even though the election results in the 
reduction of the benefit payable to the dependent.
    (e) Effect of a surviving spouse's election on the rights of a 
child--(1) General rule: the election of the surviving spouse controls 
the claims of the child. An election by a surviving

[[Page 71313]]

spouse controls the claims of a child including a child over age 18 and 
any child not in the custody of the surviving spouse, even though the 
election results in the reduction of the benefit payable to a child.
    (2) Exception: when a surviving spouse elects death compensation. 
When a surviving spouse elects death compensation instead of Improved 
Death Pension, an otherwise eligible child is not precluded from 
receiving Improved Death Pension if the child is not in the custody of 
a surviving spouse. See Sec.  5.417.
    (3) Exception: when a surviving spouse elects Improved Death 
Pension. A surviving spouse's election of Improved Death Pension does 
not affect the benefits of a surviving child who was receiving a 
separate apportioned award of Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension on 
December 31, 1978.
    (f) Change from one law to another.--(1) General. Except as 
otherwise provided, where payments of pension or disability 
compensation are being made to a person under one law, the right to 
receive benefits under another law being in suspension, and a higher 
rate of pension or disability compensation becomes payable under the 
other law, benefits at the higher rate will not be paid for any date 
before the date of receipt of an election.
    (2) Incarcerated veterans. An election to receive disability 
compensation in lieu of pension is not required for an incarcerated 
veteran who does not have a dependent spouse or child.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1542, 5304)


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.1, for the definition of ``custody of a 
child''.


Sec.  5.758  Electing Improved Pension instead of Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension.

    (a) Right to elect Improved Pension. Except as otherwise provided 
in this section, a pension beneficiary who was entitled on December 31, 
1978, to receive Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension, may elect at 
any time to receive Improved Pension instead. An election to receive 
Improved Pension instead of Old-Law Pension or Section 306 Pension is 
irrevocable once the election becomes final under Sec.  5.742. There is 
no right to reelection.
    (b) When a veteran's spouse is also a veteran who is eligible to 
elect Improved Pension. If a veteran who is eligible to elect Improved 
Pension under this section has a spouse who is also a veteran who is 
eligible to elect Improved Pension under this section, neither veteran 
may receive Improved Pension unless both elect to receive it.
    (c) When a beneficiary chooses to receive Old-Law Pension or 
Section 306 Pension instead of Improved Pension. If a pension 
beneficiary who is eligible to elect Improved Pension under this 
section does not do so, VA will continue to pay that beneficiary Old-
Law Pension or Section 306 Pension at the monthly rate in effect on 
December 31, 1978, unless that rate must be reduced or discontinued 
under Sec.  5.470, Reasons for discontinuing or reducing Old-Law 
Pension or Section 306 Pension, or under any other regulation in this 
part.
    (d) Effect of a surviving spouse's election of Improved Pension on 
the rights of a child. A surviving spouse's election of Improved 
Pension does not affect the benefits of a surviving child who was 
receiving, on December 31, 1978, a separate apportioned award of Old-
Law Pension or Section 306 Pension.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a); Sec. 306(a) and (b), Pub. L. 95-588, 
92 Stat. 2508)

Sec.  5.759  Election between death compensation and dependency and 
indemnity compensation.

    (a) Election between benefits is required. A person who is eligible 
for both death compensation and dependency and indemnity compensation 
(DIC) must elect to receive one or the other benefit.
    (1) Persons currently receiving death benefits. (i) A person who is 
currently receiving death compensation may elect to receive DIC.
    (ii) An election to receive DIC instead of death compensation is 
irrevocable once the election becomes final under Sec.  5.742. There is 
no right to reelection.
    (2) Persons claiming entitlement to service-connected death 
benefits. VA will treat a claim for service-connected death benefits as 
a claim for DIC, subject to confirmation by the claimant, unless the 
claimant specifically requests death compensation.
    (b) Limitation of election. An election of DIC may not be filed or 
withdrawn after the death of the surviving spouse, child, or parent. 
See Sec.  5.742(c) (concerning the finality of an election of DIC when 
the beneficiary dies before negotiating a DIC check).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1317(a))


    Cross Reference: Sec.  5.512, Eligibility for death compensation or 
death pension instead of dependency and indemnity compensation.


Sec.  5.760  Electing Improved Death Pension instead of dependency and 
indemnity compensation.

    A surviving spouse who is entitled to receive dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) may elect to receive Improved Death 
Pension instead of DIC. Such surviving spouse may subsequently reelect 
either benefit.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1317(b))

Sec.  5.761  Concurrent receipt of disability compensation, pension, or 
death benefits by a surviving spouse based on the service of more than 
one veteran.

    (a) Concurrent receipt of disability compensation or pension and 
death benefits. Except as otherwise provided in Sec.  5.464, if a 
surviving spouse is receiving disability compensation or pension in his 
or her own right as a veteran, the surviving spouse is not barred from 
receiving:
    (1) An apportionment of disability compensation or pension based on 
another veteran's disability; or
    (2) Death pension, death compensation, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) due to the death of another veteran.
    (b) Entitlement to death benefits based on the death of more than 
one veteran. Except as otherwise provided in this regulation or in 
Sec.  5.464, if a beneficiary is receiving death pension, death 
compensation, or DIC as the surviving spouse of one veteran, the 
beneficiary is not barred from receiving death pension, death 
compensation, or DIC due to the death of a different veteran.
    (c) Limitation: a surviving spouse is entitled to payment of only 
one award of death benefits at a time based on the death of more than 
one veteran to whom the surviving spouse was married--(1) Payment 
limitation. VA may not pay more than one death pension, death 
compensation, or DIC award at a time to a surviving spouse based on the 
death of more than one veteran to whom the surviving spouse was 
married.
    (2) Election. A surviving spouse who is eligible for death pension, 
death compensation, or DIC because of the deaths of more than one 
veteran to whom he or she was married may elect or reelect benefits 
based on the death of any one such deceased spouse. Benefits payable in 
the elected case will be offset by any payments the surviving spouse 
received based on the death of the other spouse for the same period. 
The offset will occur only if the surviving spouse was entitled to 
benefits in the elected case before the date of receipt of the election 
under Sec.  5.512 or Sec.  5.431.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5304(b)(1), (3))

Sec.  5.762  Payment of multiple VA benefits to a surviving child based 
on the service of more than one veteran.

    (a) A surviving child is entitled to concurrent receipt of 
disability compensation or pension and death benefits. If a surviving 
child is receiving

[[Page 71314]]

disability compensation or pension in his or her own right as a 
veteran, the surviving child is not barred from receiving:
    (1) An apportionment of disability compensation or pension based on 
another veteran's disability; or
    (2) Death pension, death compensation, or dependency and indemnity 
compensation (DIC) due to the death of another veteran.
    (b) A surviving child is entitled to more than one award of death 
benefits based on the death of more than one veteran. Except as 
otherwise provided in paragraph (c) of this section or in Sec.  5.464, 
if a surviving child is receiving death pension, death compensation, or 
DIC as the surviving child of one veteran, the surviving child is not 
barred from receiving death pension, death compensation, or DIC due to 
the death of a different veteran.
    (c) Exception: child with more than one parent in the same parental 
line.--(1) Definition. Same parental line means that the child has more 
than one veteran father or more than one veteran mother for VA 
purposes. For example, the child's father and stepfather are both 
veterans.
    (2) A surviving child is entitled to payment of no more than one 
death benefit due to the death of more than one parent in the same 
parental line. Except for insurance and as provided in this paragraph 
(c), VA cannot pay more than one death benefit to or for a surviving 
child because of the death of more than one parent in the same parental 
line.
    (3) Exception: more than one death benefit is payable when the 
death of both parents in the same parental line occurred before June 9, 
1960. If both fathers or both mothers died before June 9, 1960, a child 
who receives DIC for one parent may receive death pension for the other 
parent. Unless both fathers or both mothers died before January 1, 
1957, such a child may not receive DIC or death compensation for the 
other parent. If both parents died before January 1, 1957, there is no 
prohibition on concurrent receipt of death benefits.
    (4) Surviving child's right to elect or reelect. If a surviving 
child is entitled to benefits because of the death of more than one 
parent in the same parental line, the child has the right to elect or 
reelect to receive benefits because of the death of either such parent.
    (5) Benefits that are awarded as a result of a surviving child's 
reelection are subject to an offset. VA will grant benefits to the 
electing child according to the child's reelection. However, VA will 
offset the new award by subtracting the amount of any payments for the 
same period which VA previously made under the prior award to or for 
that child.
    (6) Effect of a surviving child's election on a beneficiary of the 
other parent in the same parental line. (i) When a surviving child 
elects benefits because of the death of one veteran, and a surviving 
spouse or another surviving child are eligible for benefits because of 
the death of another veteran in the same parental line, VA will 
determine the benefit rate to the surviving spouse or the other 
surviving child as if the surviving child making the election did not 
exist.
    (ii) Effective date. If VA determines that benefits payable to the 
surviving spouse or the other surviving child should be increased, 
reduced, or discontinued as a result of the election or reelection, 
such increase, reduction, or discontinuance is effective the first day 
of the month after the month for which VA last paid benefits.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5304(b))

Sec.  5.763  Payment of multiple VA benefits to more than one child 
based on the service of the same veteran.

    (a) Scope. This section applies when two or more children are 
eligible to receive the same type of VA benefit based on the service of 
a veteran, and at least one child is also eligible to receive a 
different type of VA benefit based on the service of the same veteran. 
The types of VA benefits referred to in this section are as follows:
    (1) Dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC); and
    (2) Survivors' and Dependents' Educational Assistance (DEA).
    (b) General rule. This paragraph (b) applies when one child is 
eligible for more than one type of VA benefit as provided in paragraph 
(a) of this section and that child chooses to receive a benefit that is 
different than the type the remaining child receives. Except as 
provided in paragraph (c) of this section, VA cannot:
    (1) Increase the rate of payment to the remaining child; or
    (2) Pay a rate to each remaining child that is greater than the 
rate payable if all children were receiving the same type of VA 
benefit.
    (c) Exception to general rule. The limitation in paragraph (b) of 
this section does not apply if the child elects DEA. Unless the child 
electing DEA is under age 18 or became permanently incapable of self-
support before reaching age 18 under Sec.  5.227, VA will pay benefits 
to the remaining child as if the child electing DEA did not exist. See 
38 CFR 21.3023(b) (pertaining to restrictions on concurrent receipt of 
DEA and other VA benefits).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3512, 3562)

Sec.  5.764  Payment of Survivors' and Dependents' Educational 
Assistance and VA death pension or dependency and indemnity 
compensation for the same period.

    (a) Child who has reached age 18--(1) Election is required. (i) A 
child who has reached age 18 and did not become permanently incapable 
of self-support before reaching age 18 (see Sec.  5.227) may not 
receive VA death pension or dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) 
at the same time as Survivors' and Dependents' Educational Assistance 
under 38 U.S.C. chapter 35 (DEA), and must elect between death pension 
or DIC and DEA. There is no right of reelection.
    (ii) A veteran receiving compensation may not receive additional 
disability compensation for a child who has reached age 18 and did not 
become permanently incapable of self-support before reaching age 18 
(see Sec.  5.227) at the same time the child receives DEA.
    (iii) A veteran receiving pension may not receive increased 
benefits based on a child who has reached age 18 and did not become 
permanently incapable of self-support before reaching age 18 (see Sec.  
5.227) at the same time the child receives DEA. See Sec. Sec.  5.400(c) 
and 5.416.
    (2) Effect of election on another beneficiary when there is more 
than one parent in the same parental line. In cases where a child has 
more than one parent in the same parental line, if the child elects to 
receive benefits based on one parent, VA will consider the child's 
entitlement for purposes of determining the entitlement and rate of 
another survivor of that parent. For benefits based on the other 
parent's service, VA will determine the entitlement and rate payable to 
the survivor of that parent as if the child did not exist.
    (3) Effective date. VA will discontinue the electing child's VA 
death pension or DIC effective the day preceding the beginning date of 
the DEA allowance. VA will increase payments, pay a reduced rate, or 
discontinue VA death pension or DIC to the remaining beneficiaries 
effective the beginning date of the DEA award to the child.
    (b) Child who is under age 18 or helpless. Generally, a helpless 
child or a child who is under age18 may receive VA death pension or DIC 
at the same time as DEA under 38 U.S.C. chapter 35.
    (c) Surviving spouse. A surviving spouse may receive VA death 
pension or DIC at the same time as DEA under 38 U.S.C. chapter 35.

[[Page 71315]]

    (d) Additional criteria. Provisions concerning concurrent receipt 
of DEA and VA death pension or DIC are set forth in Sec.  21.3023 of 
this chapter.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3562)

Sec.  5.765  Payment of compensation to a parent based on the service 
or death of multiple veterans.

    Neither receipt by a parent of dependency and indemnity 
compensation on account of the death of a veteran, nor receipt by a 
parent of pension or compensation on account of his or her military 
service, will bar receipt by a parent of pension, disability 
compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation on account of 
the death or disability of any other person.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5304(b))

Sec. Sec.  5.766-5.769  [Reserved]

Subpart M--Apportionments to Dependents and Payments to Fiduciaries 
and Incarcerated Beneficiaries

Determining Eligibility for Apportionments


Sec.  5.770  Apportionment claims.

    (a) General.--(1) Veteran. All or part of the pension or disability 
compensation payable to any veteran may be apportioned:
    (i) For his or her spouse, child, or dependent parents if the 
veteran is incompetent and is being furnished hospital treatment, 
nursing home, or domiciliary care by the U.S., or any political 
subdivision thereof.
    (ii) If the veteran is not residing with his or her spouse or the 
veteran's child is not residing with the veteran, and the veteran is 
not reasonably discharging his or her responsibility for the spouse's 
or child's support.
    (2) Surviving spouse. Where a child of a deceased veteran is not 
living with the veteran's surviving spouse, the dependency and 
indemnity compensation (DIC) or pension otherwise payable to the 
surviving spouse may be apportioned.
    (b) Apportionment to a child on active duty. Except as provided in 
Sec.  5.774(e)(2), no apportionment of disability or death benefits 
will be made or changed solely because a child has entered active duty.
    (c) Apportionment if beneficiary providing for dependents. No 
apportionment will be made where the veteran, the veteran's spouse when 
paid ``as wife'' or ``as husband'', surviving spouse, or fiduciary is 
providing for dependents. The additional benefits for such dependents 
will be paid to the veteran, spouse, surviving spouse, or fiduciary.
    (d) Apportionment of death benefits. Any amounts payable for 
children under Sec. Sec.  5.780 and 5.781 will be equally divided among 
the children.
    (e) Apportionment to a child not residing with surviving spouse. 
The amount payable for a child in custody of and residing with the 
surviving spouse will be paid to the surviving spouse. Amounts payable 
to a surviving spouse for a child in his or her custody but residing 
with someone else may be apportioned if the surviving spouse is not 
reasonably contributing to the child's support.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5307, 5502(d))

Sec.  5.771  Special apportionments.

    (a) General. Without regard to any provision regarding 
apportionment other than Sec.  5.774(b), (c), and (f), where hardship 
is shown to exist, pension, disability compensation, or dependency and 
indemnity compensation may be specially apportioned between the veteran 
and his or her dependent or between the surviving spouse and a child. 
Such an apportionment will be based on the facts in the individual 
case. The apportionment may not cause undue hardship to the person from 
whose benefits the apportionment is made.
    (b) Factors that determine a special apportionment. In determining 
the basis for special apportionment, consideration will be given to 
such factors as:
    (1) The amount of benefits payable;
    (2) The net worth, income, and expenses of the beneficiary and any 
dependent on whose behalf apportionment is claimed; and
    (3) The special needs of the veteran, his or her dependent, and the 
apportionment claimant.
    (c) Apportioned amount. The amount apportioned should generally be 
consistent with the total number of dependents involved. Ordinarily, 
apportionment of more than 50 percent of the veteran's benefits would 
constitute undue hardship while apportionment of less than 20 percent 
of his or her benefits would not provide a reasonable amount for any 
apportionee.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5307)

Sec.  5.772  Veteran's benefits apportionable.

    A veteran's benefits may be apportioned:
    (a) General. If the veteran is not residing with his or her spouse 
or his or her child, the veteran is not reasonably discharging his or 
her responsibility for the spouse's or child's support, and a claim for 
apportionment is filed by or for the spouse or child.
    (b) Pending appointment of fiduciary. Pending the appointment of a 
guardian or other fiduciary.
    (c) Veteran receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care. 
(1) Incompetent veteran. (i) Spouse or child. Where an incompetent 
veteran without a fiduciary is receiving hospital treatment, nursing 
home, or domiciliary care provided by the U.S. or a political 
subdivision, his or her benefit may be apportioned for a spouse or 
child unless such benefit is paid to a spouse (``as wife'' or ``as 
husband'') for the use of the veteran and his or her dependents.
    (ii) Dependent parent. Where an incompetent veteran without a 
fiduciary is receiving hospital treatment, nursing home, or domiciliary 
care provided by the U.S. or a political subdivision, his or her 
disability compensation may be apportioned for a dependent parent, 
unless such benefit is paid to a spouse (``as wife'' or ``as husband'') 
for the use of the veteran and his or her dependents.
    (2) Competent veteran.--(i) Section 306 Pension. Where the amount 
of Section 306 Pension payable to a married veteran is reduced to $50 
monthly under Sec.  5.726, an apportionment may be made to such 
veteran's spouse upon an affirmative showing of hardship. The amount of 
the apportionment generally will be the difference between $50 and the 
total amount of pension payable on December 31, 1978.
    (ii) Improved Pension. Where the amount of Improved Pension payable 
to a married veteran under 38 U.S.C. 1521(b) is reduced to $90 monthly 
under Sec.  5.722, an apportionment may be made to such veteran's 
spouse upon an affirmative showing of hardship. The amount of the 
apportionment generally will be the difference between $90 and the rate 
payable if pension were being paid under 38 U.S.C. 1521(c), including 
the additional amount payable under 38 U.S.C. 1521(e) if the veteran is 
so entitled.
    (d) Apportionment of additional disability compensation for 
dependent parent. Where additional disability compensation is payable 
for a parent and the veteran or his or her guardian neglects or refuses 
to contribute such an amount to the support of the parent, the 
additional disability compensation will be paid to the parent upon 
receipt of a claim.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5307, 5502, 5503(a); Pub. L. 95-588, 
Sec.  306, 92 Stat. 2497)


    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.711, Payment to dependents due to the 
disappearance of

[[Page 71316]]

a veteran for 90 days or more; 5.722, Adjustment of Improved Pension 
while a veteran is receiving domiciliary or nursing home care; 5.725, 
Resumption of Improved Pension and Improved Pension based on the need 
for regular aid and attendance after a veteran is on temporary absence 
from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or is discharged or 
released from such care; 5.726, Reduction of Section 306 Pension while 
a veteran is receiving hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care; 
5.729, Resumption of Section 306 Pension and Section 306 Pension based 
on the need for regular aid and attendance during a veteran's temporary 
absence from hospital, domiciliary, or nursing home care or after 
released from such care; 5.792, Institutional awards; 5.814, 
Apportionment when a primary beneficiary is incarcerated.


Sec.  5.773  Veterans disability compensation.

    Rates of apportionment of disability compensation will be 
determined under Sec.  5.771.


Sec.  5.774  Benefits not apportionable.

    VA will not apportion benefits:
    (a) If the total benefit payable does not permit payment of a 
reasonable amount to any apportionee.
    (b) If a court of proper jurisdiction has found the veteran's 
spouse guilty of adultery.
    (c) If VA determines that the veteran's spouse has lived with 
another person and has openly held himself or herself out to the public 
to be the spouse of that person unless:
    (1) The spouse subsequently reconciled with the veteran and later 
became estranged from the veteran; or
    (2) The spouse had entered into the relationship with the other 
person in good faith. For purposes of this paragraph (c)(2), good faith 
means that the spouse had a reasonable basis to believe that the 
marriage to the veteran was legally terminated (for example, due to 
trickery on the part of the veteran).
    (d) If another person legally adopts a veteran's child, except VA 
may apportion the additional disability compensation payable to a 
veteran for the child or the additional dependency and indemnity 
compensation payable to a surviving spouse for the child.
    (e)(1) If the apportionment is claimed for a child who is on active 
duty.
    (2) If a child is receiving apportioned benefits directly and then 
enters active duty. The apportionment will be discontinued and such 
benefits will be paid to the veteran. The effective date of the 
discontinuance will be the first day of the month after the month for 
which VA last paid the apportionment.

    Note to paragraph (e)(2): In accordance with Sec.  5.770(b), if 
a child is included in an existing apportionment to an estranged 
spouse and then enters active duty, no adjustment in the apportioned 
award will be made based on the child's entry into service.

    (f)(1) To any beneficiary's dependent who:
    (i) Is determined by VA to have been guilty of mutiny, treason, 
sabotage, or rendering assistance to an enemy of the U.S. or its 
allies; or
    (ii) Participated in the acts that caused forfeiture for fraud or 
treasonable acts.
    (2) After September 1, 1959, if a veteran or other primary 
beneficiary:
    (i) forfeited benefits for fraud or for a treasonable act; or
    (ii) was convicted of subversive activity after September 1, 1959.
    Cross Reference: Sec. Sec.  5.676, Forfeiture for fraud, 5.677, 
Forfeiture for treasonable acts, and 5.678, Forfeiture for subversive 
activity.
    (g) Unless the estranged spouse of a veteran files a claim for an 
apportionment. If there is a child of the veteran not in his or her 
custody, an apportionment will not be authorized unless a claim for an 
apportionment is filed by or for the child.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5307, 6103(b), 6104(c), 6105(a))

Sec. Sec.  5.775-5.779  [Reserved]


Sec.  5.780  Eligibility for apportionment of pension.

    (a) Disability pension. Disability pension will be apportioned to 
the veteran's spouse or child, if the veteran is not residing with his 
or her spouse, or if the veteran's child is not residing with the 
veteran, and the veteran is not reasonably discharging his or her 
responsibility for the spouse's or child's support. Apportionment of 
these benefits will be made under Sec.  5.771.
    (b) Death pension.--(1) Old-Law Death Pension or Section 306 Death 
Pension. Old-Law Death Pension or Section 306 Death Pension will be 
apportioned to a child of a deceased veteran who is not in the custody 
of the surviving spouse. Apportionment of these benefits will be made 
at the rates approved by the Under Secretary for Benefits except when 
the facts and circumstances in a case warrant apportionment under Sec.  
5.771.
    (2) Improved Death Pension. Improved Death Pension will be 
apportioned to the veteran's child if a child of the deceased veteran 
is not in the custody of the surviving spouse. Apportionment of these 
benefits will be made under Sec.  5.771.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5307)

Sec.  5.781  Eligibility for apportionment of a surviving spouse's 
dependency and indemnity compensation.

    (a) Conditions under which apportionment may be made. The surviving 
spouse's award of dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) will be 
apportioned where there is a child under 18 years of age and not in the 
custody of the surviving spouse. The surviving spouse's award of DIC 
will not be apportioned under this paragraph (a) for a child over age 
18 years.
    (b) Rates payable. The DIC share for each child under 18 years of 
age, including those in the surviving spouse's custody as well as those 
who are not in such custody, will be the additional allowance payable 
for each dependent child, except when the facts and circumstances in a 
case warrant special apportionment under Sec.  5.771. Current and 
historical DIC rates can be found on the Internet at http://www.va.gov 
or are available from any Veterans' Service Center. The share for the 
surviving spouse will be the difference between the children's share 
and the total amount payable.


Sec.  5.782  Effective date of apportionment grant or increase.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section, the effective date of an apportionment or an increased 
apportionment is the first day of the month after the month in which VA 
receives an apportionment claim or a claim for an increased 
apportionment.
    (b) Exceptions to general rule.--(1) Claim for benefits is pending. 
This paragraph (b)(1) applies if a veteran or surviving spouse (primary 
beneficiary) has a claim for benefits pending on the date that VA 
receives an apportionment claim. The effective date of the 
apportionment will be the effective date of the primary beneficiary's 
award, or the date the apportionment claimant's entitlement arose, 
whichever is later.
    (2) Apportionment claimant not yet established as the beneficiary's 
dependent. This paragraph (b)(2) applies if VA receives an 
apportionment claim within 1 year of the award of benefits to the 
primary beneficiary and the apportionment claimant has not been 
established as a dependent on the primary beneficiary's award. The 
effective date of the apportionment will be the effective date of the 
primary beneficiary's award, or the date the apportionment claimant's 
entitlement arose, whichever is later.
    (3) Veteran's or surviving spouse's benefits are reduced or 
discontinued. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4)

[[Page 71317]]

of this section, this paragraph (b)(3) applies if a veteran's or 
surviving spouse's benefits have been reduced or discontinued but an 
apportionment of the benefits that would otherwise be payable to the 
primary beneficiary is authorized. In this situation, the effective 
date of the apportionment is the same as the date on which the primary 
beneficiary's benefits were reduced or discontinued, if VA receives the 
apportionment claim within 1 year after that date and the apportionment 
claimant is otherwise shown to be entitled to an apportionment from 
that date.
    (4) The primary beneficiary is incarcerated. The effective date of 
an apportionment or increased apportionment when the primary 
beneficiary is incarcerated is specified in Sec.  5.814(e).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5110)

Sec.  5.783  Effective date of reduction or discontinuance of 
apportionment.

    (a) General rule. Except as otherwise provided in this part, if VA 
reduces or discontinues an apportionment because the basis for the 
apportionment no longer exists, then the effective date of the 
reduction or discontinuance will be the first day of the month after 
the month in which the basis for the apportionment ceased to exist.
    (b) Exceptions to general rule.--(1) Death, divorce, or marriage of 
an apportionee. The effective date of discontinuance of an 
apportionment due to the death, divorce, or marriage of the apportionee 
is the first day of the month of the event, except the effective date 
of discontinuance of an apportionment of Old-Law Pension or Section 306 
Pension will be January 1 of the calendar year immediately after the 
event.

    Note to paragraph (b)(1): The effective date of discontinuance 
of the dependency allowance on the primary beneficiary's award due 
to the death, divorce, or marriage of the apportionee is determined 
in accordance with Sec.  5.184 or Sec.  5.477.

    (2) Death or marriage of dependent of apportionee. The effective 
date of discontinuance of an apportionment due to the death or marriage 
of a child included in an existing apportionment to an estranged spouse 
or another custodian of the child is the first day of the month after 
the month of the event.
    (3) Primary beneficiary dies or entitlement ends. The effective 
date of discontinuance of an apportionment because the primary 
beneficiary dies or loses entitlement to the primary benefit is the 
same effective date that applies to the discontinuance of the primary 
benefit.
    (4) Primary beneficiary no longer incarcerated. The effective date 
of discontinuance or reduction of an apportionment because the primary 
beneficiary is no longer incarcerated is specified in Sec.  5.815 or 
Sec.  5.816, depending on the primary benefit being apportioned.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5112)

Sec.  5.784  Special rules for apportioned benefits on death of 
beneficiary or apportionee.

    (a) Payment to person receiving apportionment when the beneficiary 
dies. If an apportionment has not been paid and the beneficiary dies, 
then VA will pay the apportionee the unpaid apportionment through the 
first day of the month of the beneficiary's death. Except as provided 
in paragraph (b) of this section, the unpaid apportionment is not 
subject to payment as accrued benefits.
    (b) Person receiving apportioned share of benefits dies.--(1) 
Receiving apportionment of veteran's benefits. If a person receiving an 
apportionment of a veteran's benefits dies, then VA will pay any unpaid 
apportionment to the veteran, if living. If the veteran is not living, 
then the unpaid apportionment is payable only as accrued benefits to 
dependents of the veteran, under Sec.  5.551(b)(1). If there is no 
eligible dependent claimant, then the unpaid apportionment is payable 
only as accrued benefits to the person who bore the expense of the 
deceased apportionee's last sickness or burial under Sec.  5.551(e).
    (2) Receiving apportionment of surviving spouse's death benefits. 
If a child receiving an apportionment of a surviving spouse's 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) or death pension dies, then 
the unpaid apportionment is payable only as accrued benefits to the 
veteran's surviving child who is entitled to death DIC or pension, 
under Sec.  5.551(d)(1). If there is no eligible surviving child 
claimant, then the unpaid apportionment is payable only as accrued 
benefits to the person.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5112(b)(1), 5121(a), 5502(d))

Sec. Sec.  5.785-5.789  [Reserved]

Incompetency and Payments to Fiduciaries and Minors


Sec.  5.790  Determinations of incompetency and competency.

    (a) Definition of mental incompetency. A mentally incompetent 
person is one who because of injury or disease lacks the mental 
capacity to: (1) contract; or
    (2) manage his or her own affairs, including disburse funds without 
limitation.
    (b) Authority. (1) Agencies of original jurisdiction have sole 
authority to make official determinations of incompetency and 
competency for purposes of insurance (38 U.S.C. 1922) and, subject to 
Sec.  13.56 of this chapter, disbursement of benefits. Such 
determinations are final and binding on field stations for these 
purposes.
    (2) Where the beneficiary is rated incompetent, the Veterans 
Service Center Manager or Pension Management Center Manager will:
    (i) Develop information as to the beneficiary's social, economic, 
and industrial adjustment;
    (ii) Appoint or recommend appointment of a fiduciary as provided in 
Sec.  13.55 of this chapter;
    (iii) Select a method of disbursing payment as provided in Sec.  
13.56 of this chapter or, in the case of a married beneficiary, appoint 
the beneficiary's spouse to receive payments as provided in Sec.  13.57 
of this chapter; and
    (iv) Authorize disbursement of the benefit.
    (3) If, in the course of fulfilling the responsibilities assigned 
in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the Veterans Service Center 
Manager or Pension Management Center Manager develops evidence 
indicating that the beneficiary may be capable of administering the 
funds payable without limitation, he or she will refer that evidence to 
the agency of original jurisdiction with a statement as to his or her 
findings. The agency of original jurisdiction will consider this 
evidence, together with all other evidence of record, to determine 
whether its prior determination of incompetency should remain in 
effect. Reexamination may be requested as provided in Sec.  5.102, if 
necessary to properly evaluate the beneficiary's mental capacity to 
contract or manage his or her own affairs.
    (c) Medical opinion. Unless the medical evidence is clear and 
convincing as to the person's incompetency, the agency of original 
jurisdiction will make no determination of incompetency without a 
definite expression regarding the question by the responsible medical 
authorities. Considerations of medical opinions will be in accordance 
with the principles in paragraph (a) of this section. A determination 
of incompetency should be based upon all evidence of record, and there 
should be a consistent relationship between the percentage of 
disability, facts relating to commitment or hospitalization, and the 
determination of incompetency.

[[Page 71318]]

    (d) Presumption in favor of competency. When the evidence is in 
equipoise regarding a beneficiary's mental capacity to contract or to 
manage his or her own affairs, including to disburse funds without 
limitation, VA will give the benefit of the doubt to the beneficiary 
and find that he or she is competent. See Sec.  5.3(b)(3).
    (e) Due process. Whenever it is proposed to make an incompetency 
determination, the beneficiary will be notified of the proposed action 
and of the right to a hearing as provided in Sec.  5.83. Such notice is 
not necessary if the beneficiary has been declared incompetent by a 
court of competent jurisdiction or if a guardian has been appointed for 
the beneficiary based upon a court finding of incompetency. If a 
hearing is requested, it must be held prior to a rating decision of 
incompetency. Failure or refusal of the beneficiary after proper notice 
to request or cooperate in such a hearing will not preclude a rating 
decision based on the evidence of record.
    (f) Effective date.--(1) Incompetency determination. The effective 
date of a determination of incompetency is the date of the rating 
decision finding incompetency. (This paragraph (f)(1) does not apply to 
an incompetency determination made for insurance purposes under 38 
U.S.C. 1922.)
    (2) Competency determination. If a beneficiary previously 
determined to be incompetent is later determined to be competent, the 
effective date of the determination of competency is the date the 
evidence of record shows the beneficiary regained competence.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5502)

Sec.  5.791  General fiduciary payments.

    (a) Payments to a fiduciary and to or on behalf of a beneficiary.--
(1) Payment to a fiduciary. VA may pay benefits to a duly recognized 
fiduciary on behalf of a person who is mentally incompetent or who is a 
minor.
    (2) Direct payment to or on behalf of a beneficiary. If the 
Veterans Service Center Manager or Pension Management Center Manager 
determines that it is in the best interest of a mentally incompetent or 
minor beneficiary, VA may pay benefits, regardless of any legal 
disability on the part of the beneficiary, directly to:
    (i) The beneficiary; or
    (ii) A relative of the beneficiary, or another person, for the use 
of the beneficiary.
    (3) Direct payment to certain minors. Unless otherwise 
contraindicated by evidence of record, payment will be made directly to 
the following classes of minors without any referral to the Veterans 
Service Center Manager or Pension Management Center Manager:
    (i) Those who are serving in or have been discharged from the 
military forces of the U.S.; and
    (ii) Those who qualify for survivors benefits as a surviving 
spouse.
    (4) Immediate payment to spouse of incompetent veteran. Unless 
otherwise contraindicated by evidence of record, if a veteran has no 
guardian, VA may immediately pay benefits to the spouse of an 
incompetent veteran for the use of the veteran and his or her 
dependents prior to referral to the Veterans Service Center Manager or 
Pension Management Center Manager. See Sec.  13.57 of this chapter.
    Cross Reference: Part 13 of this title regarding VA fiduciary 
activities.
    (b) Payment to the parent of the child. Where a child is in the 
custody of a natural parent, adoptive parent, or stepparent, benefits 
payable to the child may be paid to the parent as custodian of the 
child.
    (c) Payment to custodian-in-fact. All or any part of a benefit due 
a minor or incompetent adult, payment of which is suspended or withheld 
because payment may not be properly made to an existing fiduciary, may 
be paid temporarily to the person having custody and control of the 
beneficiary. See Sec.  13.63 of this chapter.
    (d) Payment to bonded officer of Indian reservation. Any benefits 
due an incompetent adult or minor Indian, who is a recognized ward of 
the Government, may be awarded to the superintendent or other bonded 
officer designated by the Secretary of the Interior to receive funds 
under 25 U.S.C. 14. See Sec.  13.62 of this chapter.
    (e) Effective date for payment to a fiduciary. The effective date 
of payment to a fiduciary is the first day of the month after the month 
for which VA last paid benefits to the beneficiary.

    Note to paragraph (e): The initial payment to the fiduciary will 
include amounts withheld for possible apportionments as well as 
money in Personal Funds of Patients.


(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5502)

Sec.  5.792  Institutional awards.

    (a) General. When an incompetent veteran entitled to pension or 
disability compensation is a patient in a hospital or other 
institution, VA may pay all or part of the benefit to the chief officer 
of the hospital or institution for the veteran's use and benefit if the 
Veterans Service Center Manager or Pension Management Center Manager 
determines that such payment will:
    (1) Adequately provide for the needs of the veteran; and
    (2) Obviate the need for appointment of another type of fiduciary.
    Cross Reference: Section 13.61 of this chapter, Payment to the 
chief officer of institution.
    (b) Non-VA hospital or institution. (1) In an institutional award 
of pension or disability compensation, VA may pay to the chief officer 
of a non-VA hospital or institution on behalf of the veteran an amount 
determined under Sec.  13.61 of this chapter.
    (2) Any excess funds held by the chief officer of a non-VA 
institution under this section that are not necessary for the benefit 
of the veteran will be returned to VA or to a fiduciary, if one has 
been appointed.
    (3) If payments are being made to the chief officer of a non-VA 
hospital or institution, VA will deposit all sums otherwise payable in 
excess of the institutional award and any apportionments in Personal 
Funds of Patients.
    (c) Excess funds. Upon the death of an institutionalized 
incompetent veteran with no surviving heirs, excess funds will be 
returned to VA.
    (d) Apportionment. An institutionalized incompetent veteran's 
benefits may be apportioned to his or her dependents under Sec.  5.771.
    (e) Effective date for payment of institutional award. The 
effective date of payment to the chief officer of a hospital or 
institution is:
    (i) The first day of the month after the month for which VA last 
paid benefits; or
    (ii) On an initial or resumed award, the date of entitlement to 
benefits, subject to any amounts paid or withheld for apportionment of 
benefits.
    (f) Effective date for discontinuance of institutional award. The 
effective date of discontinuance of payment to the chief officer of the 
hospital or institution is the first day of the month after the month:
    (1) A fiduciary is appointed;
    (2) The veteran is discharged from the hospital or institution; or
    (3) The veteran is rated competent.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5307, 5502)

Sec.  5.793  Limitation on payments for a child.

    If a fiduciary has been appointed for a child because the child is 
a minor, then VA will not pay benefits to that fiduciary for any period 
beginning on the date that the child attains the age of majority under 
the law of the State where the child resides. For any period beginning 
on that date, if payment is otherwise in order, then VA will pay 
benefits as follows:
    (a) Competent child reaches age of majority. If the child is 
competent, then

[[Page 71319]]

VA will pay benefits directly to the child. Under these circumstances, 
VA will retroactively pay the child any benefits that were not paid for 
a period before the child attained the age of majority.
    (b) Incompetent child reaches age of majority. If the child is 
incompetent, then VA will pay benefits to a fiduciary appointed for the 
child as a mentally incompetent adult unless benefits are paid directly 
to the child under Sec.  5.791(a)(2)(i).


Sec.  5.794  Beneficiary rated or reported incompetent.

    (a) General. VA will not routinely suspend payments directly to a 
beneficiary who is or may be incompetent while any of the following is 
pending:
    (1) Development of the issue of incompetency;
    (2) Certification of a fiduciary by the Veterans Service Center 
Manager or Pension Management Center Manager; or
    (3) A recommendation by the Veterans Service Center Manager or 
Pension Management Center Manager that payments should be paid directly 
to the beneficiary.
    (b) Application. This policy applies to all cases including, but 
not limited to, cases in which:
    (1) Notice or evidence is received that a guardian has been 
appointed for the beneficiary;
    (2) Notice or evidence is received that the beneficiary has been 
committed to a hospital; or
    (3) The beneficiary has been rated incompetent by VA.


Sec.  5.795  Change of name of fiduciary.

    If a fiduciary changes his or her name because of marriage or 
divorce, VA will accept the fiduciary's statement of the name change.


Sec.  5.796  Child's benefits to a fiduciary of an incompetent 
surviving spouse.

    If benefits are payable to a surviving spouse for a child and the 
child is separated from the surviving spouse because of the surviving 
spouse's incompetency, no apportionment of benefits to the child is 
required. If the fiduciary is adequately taking care of the needs of 
the child from the surviving spouse's estate, either voluntarily or 
pursuant to a decree of court, VA may pay all amounts payable for the 
child to the fiduciary.


Sec.  5.797  Testamentary capacity for VA insurance purposes.

    When VA refers a case to an agency of original jurisdiction 
involving the testamentary capacity of the insured to perform a 
testamentary act (execute a designation or change of beneficiary or 
execute a designation or change of option), the following 
considerations will apply:
    (a) Testamentary capacity means that degree of mental capacity 
necessary to enable a person to perform a testamentary act. This 
generally requires that the insured:
    (1) Reasonably comprehend the nature and significance of his or her 
testamentary act, that is, the subject and extent of his or her 
disposition;
    (2) Recognize the object of his or her bounty; and
    (3) Appreciate the consequences of his or her testamentary act, 
uninfluenced by any material delusion as to the property or persons 
involved.
    (b) VA will consider all evidence of record, with emphasis being 
placed on evidence pertaining to the mental condition of the insured at 
the time, or nearest to the time, that the insured performed the 
testamentary act.
    (c) There is a general but rebuttable presumption that every 
insured person possesses testamentary capacity when performing a 
testamentary act. Therefore, reasonable doubt should be resolved in 
favor of testamentary capacity. See Sec.  5.3(b)(2).


Sec.  5.798  Payment of disability compensation previously not paid 
because an incompetent veteran's estate exceeded $25,000.

    If a veteran who was denied payment of disability compensation 
under Sec.  3.853 of this chapter is subsequently rated competent for a 
continuous period of more than 90 days, the withheld disability 
compensation will be paid to the veteran in a lump-sum.
    Cross Reference: Sec.  3.853 of this title, Incompetents; estate 
over $25,000 (denying payment of disability compensation to an 
incompetent veteran who had no dependents and had an estate that 
exceeded $25,000, during the period from November 1, 1990, through 
September 30, 1992).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5505, as in effect before Nov. 2, 1994)

Sec. Sec.  5.799-5.809  [Reserved]

Payments to Incarcerated Beneficiaries


Sec.  5.810  Incarcerated beneficiaries--general provisions and 
definitions.

    (a) Definitions.--(1) Incarceration means confinement in a Federal, 
State, or local prison, jail, or other penal institution, including a 
private detention facility pursuant to an agreement with a Federal, 
State, or local unit of government. ``Incarceration'' does not include 
house arrest, parole, probation, work release, participation in a 
community control program, commitment to a halfway house or residential 
re-entry center, or confinement in a foreign country's prison.
    (2) Felony, for purposes of Sec. Sec.  5.811 through 5.817, means 
any offense punishable by death or incarceration for a term exceeding 1 
year, unless specifically categorized as a misdemeanor under the law of 
the prosecuting jurisdiction.
    (b) Classification of foreign offenses. A felony includes an 
offense that is prosecuted by a foreign country if the offense is 
equivalent to a felony under the laws of the U.S. A misdemeanor 
includes an offense that is prosecuted by a foreign country if the 
offense is equivalent to a misdemeanor under the laws of the U.S.
    (c) Length of incarceration. The 60-day periods of incarceration 
described in Sec. Sec.  5.811 through 5.813 begin on the day after the 
beneficiary is convicted of a felony (or misdemeanor for pension), if 
the beneficiary is incarcerated as of that date, even if the 
beneficiary is not sentenced on that date. For beneficiaries who are 
reincarcerated, such as after conditional release on probation or 
parole, VA will begin counting a new 60-day period on the first full 
day of reincarceration.
    (d) Requirement to inform VA. A claimant or beneficiary must inform 
VA when he or she becomes incarcerated for:
    (1) Conviction of a felony if the person is claiming or receiving 
compensation, pension, or dependency or indemnity compensation; or
    (2) Conviction of a misdemeanor if the person is claiming or 
receiving pension.
    (e) Notice to the incarcerated beneficiary. VA will send notice to 
the incarcerated beneficiary that dependents may be entitled to an 
apportionment while the beneficiary is incarcerated. The notice will 
also include information explaining the conditions under which VA may 
resume payments to the incarcerated beneficiary after the beneficiary 
is released from incarceration.
    (f) Effective dates. Payments of disability compensation, 
dependency and indemnity compensation, or pension will be reduced or 
discontinued (whichever is appropriate under Sec. Sec.  5.811 through 
5.813) on the 61st day of incarceration after conviction of a felony. 
Payments of pension will also be reduced on the 61st day of 
incarceration after conviction of a misdemeanor.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1505, 5313)


[[Page 71320]]




Sec.  5.811  Limitation on disability compensation during 
incarceration.

    (a) General. VA will limit the amount of disability compensation 
paid to a veteran who has been incarcerated for more than 60 days after 
conviction of a felony if:
    (1) The veteran committed the felony after October 7, 1980;
    (2) The veteran was incarcerated on October 1, 1980, for conviction 
of the felony and was awarded disability compensation after September 
30, 1980 (This paragraph (a)(2) applies only to the payment of 
disability compensation after September 30, 1980.); or
    (3) The veteran was incarcerated on October 7, 1980, for conviction 
of the felony and remained incarcerated for that felony on December 27, 
2001. (This paragraph (a)(3) applies only to the payment of disability 
compensation after March 31, 2002.)
    (b) Retroactive awards. Whenever disability compensation is awarded 
to an incarcerated person, any amounts due for periods prior to the 
date of reduction under this section will be paid to the incarcerated 
person.
    (c) Amount payable during incarceration.--(1) Veteran rated 20 
percent or more disabled. For an incarcerated veteran who is rated 20 
percent or more disabled for service-connected disabilities, VA will 
limit disability compensation to no more than the rate payable under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(a) for a veteran rated 10 percent disabled.
    (2) Veteran rated less than 20 percent disabled. For an 
incarcerated veteran who is entitled to compensation and is rated less 
than 20 percent disabled for service-connected disabilities, VA will 
limit disability compensation to no more than one-half the rate payable 
under 38 U.S.C. 1114(a) for a veteran rated 10 percent disabled. This 
paragraph (c)(2) applies even if such a veteran is entitled to special 
monthly compensation under 38 U.S.C. 1114(k) or (q).
    Cross Reference: For the rule on total-disability ratings based on 
individual unemployability that would first become effective while a 
veteran is incarcerated, see Sec.  5.284(b).

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1114, 5313; Pub. L. 107-103, Sec.  
506, 115 Stat. 996-97)

Sec.  5.812  Limitation on dependency and indemnity compensation during 
incarceration.

    (a) General. VA will limit dependency and indemnity compensation 
(DIC) paid to a beneficiary who has been incarcerated for more than 60 
days after conviction of a felony if:
    (1) The beneficiary committed the felony after October 7, 1980; or
    (2) The beneficiary was incarcerated on October 1, 1980, for 
conviction of the felony and was awarded DIC after September 30, 1980. 
(This paragraph (a)(2) applies only to the payment of DIC after 
September 30, 1980.)
    (b) Amount payable during incarceration. VA will limit DIC to no 
more than one-half the rate of disability compensation payable under 38 
U.S.C. 1114(a) to a veteran rated 10 percent disabled.
    (c) Parents' DIC--Effect on non-incarcerated parent. If two parents 
are both entitled to DIC and were living together before the benefits 
payable to one were reduced due to incarceration, VA will determine 
entitlement to DIC for the other parent as if they were not living 
together.
    (d) Retroactive awards. Whenever DIC is awarded to an incarcerated 
person, any amounts due for periods prior to the date of reduction 
under this section will be paid to the incarcerated person.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1114, 5313)

Sec.  5.813  Discontinuance of pension during incarceration.

    (a) General provision. VA will discontinue pension payments to or 
for a person who has been incarcerated for more than 60 days after 
conviction of a felony or of a misdemeanor. This section applies to any 
pension that VA administers under a public or private law.
    (b) Veteran entitled to pension and disability compensation. When 
an incarcerated veteran is disqualified from receiving pension payments 
under this section but is also entitled to disability compensation, VA 
will pay disability compensation in lieu of pension under either of the 
circumstances described in paragraphs (b)(1) or (2) of this section.
    (1) If the veteran does not have a spouse or child, then the award 
of disability compensation in such cases will be effective on the date 
pension is discontinued under this section.
    (2) If the veteran has a spouse or child but elects to receive 
disability compensation after VA has notified the veteran of the effect 
of electing disability compensation on the amount available for 
apportionment, then the award of disability compensation will be 
effective on the later of the date VA received the veteran's election 
or the date of discontinuance of pension under paragraph (a) of this 
section. (If the veteran does not elect disability compensation, 
pension will nevertheless be discontinued under paragraph (a) of this 
section.)

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1505)

Sec.  5.814  Apportionment when a primary beneficiary is incarcerated.

    (a) Notice to dependents of incarcerated beneficiary. (1) When VA 
limits or discontinues benefits under Sec. Sec.  5.811 through 5.813, 
VA will send notice to any dependent of the right to apply for an 
apportionment if VA is aware of the dependent's existence and can 
obtain the necessary address.
    (2) If an apportionment is awarded, VA will send notice to the 
apportionee that VA will immediately discontinue the apportionment when 
the incarcerated beneficiary is released. The notice will also inform 
the apportionee that if the apportionee and the incarcerated 
beneficiary do not live together when the incarcerated beneficiary is 
released, the apportionee may submit a new apportionment claim.
    (b) Apportionment of disability compensation or dependency and 
indemnity compensation.--(1) Eligibility for apportionment. (i) VA may 
apportion an incarcerated veteran's unpaid disability compensation to 
the veteran's spouse, child, or dependent parent.
    (ii) VA may apportion an incarcerated surviving spouse's unpaid 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) to a child.
    (iii) VA may apportion an incarcerated child's unpaid DIC to the 
surviving spouse or to another child.
    (2) Amount of apportionment. The apportionment amount of a 
beneficiary's unpaid disability compensation or DIC benefits will be 
based on individual need. In determining individual need, VA will 
consider factors such as:
    (i) The amount of benefits available to be apportioned;
    (ii) The net worth, income, and expenses of the apportionment 
claimant(s); and
    (iii) The special needs of the apportionment claimant(s).
    (c) Apportionment of veteran's pension.--(1) Requirements. VA may 
apportion an incarcerated veteran's unpaid pension to the veteran's 
spouse or child if all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The veteran would continue to be entitled to pension if not for 
the incarceration;
    (ii) The annual income of the spouse or child is such that Improved 
Death Pension would be payable;
    (iii) If the veteran was receiving Old-Law Pension, the spouse or 
child was recognized by VA as the veteran's dependent before July 1, 
1960; and
    (iv) If the veteran was receiving Section 306 Pension, the spouse 
or child was recognized by VA as the veteran's dependent before January 
1, 1979.

[[Page 71321]]

    (2) Amount of apportionment. VA will apportion an amount of such 
unpaid pension equal to the lesser of:
    (i) The amount of Improved Death Pension that would be payable to 
the apportionee; or
    (ii) The amount of pension that the veteran received for the month 
before incarceration.
    (d) Allocation of death pension. The effective date rules in 
paragraph (e) of this section and in Sec.  5.816(c) apply to the 
allocation of death pension under this paragraph (d).
    (1) If a surviving spouse is disqualified from receiving pension 
payments under Sec.  5.813, VA may pay a child the rate of Improved 
Death Pension that would be payable if the incarcerated surviving 
spouse did not exist.
    (2) If a surviving child is disqualified from receiving pension 
payments under Sec.  5.813, VA may pay a surviving spouse or another 
child the rate of Improved Death Pension that would be payable if the 
incarcerated child did not exist.
    (e) Effective date of apportionment because of incarceration.--(1) 
General. Except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, the 
effective date of an apportionment or allocation is the date VA 
receives an apportionment claim.
    (2) Specific effective dates.--(i) Disability compensation, 
dependency and indemnity compensation, and disability pension. The 
effective date of an apportionment of disability compensation, 
dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), or disability pension is 
the date of the reduction or discontinuance of benefits to the 
incarcerated primary beneficiary (that is, the 61st day of 
incarceration following conviction) if VA receives an apportionment 
claim no later than 1 year after the notice required by Sec.  5.810(e) 
(notifying the incarcerated beneficiary that his or her dependents may 
be entitled to an apportionment) and if any necessary evidence is 
received by VA no later than 1 year after the date of VA's request for 
the evidence.
    (ii) Death pension. The effective date of an allocation of death 
pension is the date of the discontinuance of benefits to the 
incarcerated primary beneficiary (that is, the 61st day of 
incarceration following conviction) if evidence of income is received 
by VA no later than 1 year after the date of VA's request for the 
evidence.
    (3) Retroactive awards. If VA retroactively grants an apportionment 
or allocation under this section, VA will:
    (i) Not re-pay to the apportionee any benefits previously paid to 
the primary beneficiary; and
    (ii) Consider any amounts that were paid to the primary 
beneficiary, but were due to the apportionee, as having been paid to 
the apportionee.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1505, 5313)

Sec.  5.815  Resumption of disability compensation or dependency and 
indemnity compensation upon a beneficiary's release from incarceration.

    (a) Effective date of benefit resumption. Except as provided in 
paragraph (d) of this section, if the beneficiary remains entitled to 
disability compensation or dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC):
    (1) The effective date of resumption of the full benefit rate upon 
a beneficiary's release from incarceration is the date of release if VA 
is informed of the release less than 1 year after the release. Payment 
of the full benefit rate is subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section.
    (2) The effective date of resumption of the full benefit rate is 
the date VA is informed of the release if VA is informed of the release 
1 year or more after the release. Payment of the full benefit rate is 
subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
    (b) Benefits were apportioned and all apportionees reunited. This 
paragraph (b) applies if VA apportioned benefits under Sec.  5.814(b) 
and the released beneficiary is reunited with all apportionees. For 
purposes of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, a dependent parent 
apportionee, receiving an apportionment under Sec.  5.814(b), will be 
considered as having been reunited with the beneficiary.
    (1) Effective date of apportionment discontinuance. As soon as VA 
is informed that the beneficiary has been released, VA will discontinue 
the apportionment effective the first day of the month after the month 
for which VA last paid the apportionment.
    (2) Retroactive payments to released beneficiary. For the period 
from the effective date of resumption of the full benefit rate to the 
effective date of the discontinuance of the apportionment, VA will 
retroactively pay the released beneficiary the full benefit rate minus 
an amount equal to the sum of:
    (i) The apportionment rate paid to the apportionee for that period; 
and
    (ii) The incarcerated rate paid to the beneficiary for that period.
    (c) Released beneficiary not reunited with all apportionees. This 
paragraph (c) applies if VA apportioned benefits under Sec.  5.814(b) 
and the released beneficiary is not reunited with all apportionees. For 
purposes of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, a dependent parent 
apportionee, receiving an apportionment under Sec.  5.814(b), will be 
considered as having been reunited with the beneficiary.
    (1) Effective date of apportionment reduction or discontinuance. As 
soon as VA is informed that the beneficiary has been released, VA will:
    (i) Discontinue the apportionment to an apportionee with whom the 
beneficiary is reunited effective the first day of the month after the 
month for which VA last paid the apportionment; and
    (ii) Reduce an apportionment to an apportionee with whom the 
beneficiary is not reunited to the additional amount payable to the 
beneficiary for the apportionee effective the first day of the month 
after the month for which VA last paid the apportionment. VA will pay 
the beneficiary the full benefit rate minus the new apportionment 
amount effective on date of the apportionment reduction.
    (2) Retroactive payments to released beneficiary. For the period 
from the effective date of resumption of the full benefit rate to the 
effective date of the discontinuance or reduction of the apportionment, 
VA will retroactively pay the released beneficiary the full benefit 
rate minus an amount equal to the sum of:
    (i) The apportionment rate paid to the apportionee for that period; 
and
    (ii) The incarcerated rate paid to the beneficiary for that period.
    (d) Conviction overturned on appeal. If a conviction is overturned 
on appeal and the beneficiary remains entitled to disability 
compensation or DIC, the effective date of resumption of the full 
benefit rate is the date of reduction of benefits. Payment of the full 
benefit rate is subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 5313)

Sec.  5.816  Resumption of pension upon a beneficiary's release from 
incarceration.

    (a) Effective date of benefit resumption. If the beneficiary 
remains entitled to pension:
    (1) The effective date of resumption of pension upon a 
beneficiary's release from incarceration is the date of release if VA 
is informed of the release less than 1 year after the release. Payment 
of pension is subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
    (2) The effective date of resumption of pension is the date VA is 
informed of the release if VA is informed of the release 1 year or more 
after the release. Payment of pension is subject to paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section.
    (b) Disability pension was apportioned. This paragraph (b) applies 
if VA apportioned a veteran's disability

[[Page 71322]]

pension under Sec.  5.814(c) or disability compensation under Sec.  
5.814(b) because the veteran elected to receive disability compensation 
in lieu of disability pension under Sec.  5.813(b)(2).
    (1) Effective date of apportionment discontinuance. As soon as VA 
is informed that the beneficiary has been released, VA will discontinue 
the apportionment effective the first day of the month after the month 
for which VA last paid the apportionment.
    (2) Retroactive payments to released beneficiary. For the period 
from the effective date of resumption of pension to the effective date 
of the discontinuance of the apportionment, VA will retroactively pay 
the released beneficiary the full benefit rate minus an amount equal to 
the sum of:
    (i) The apportionment rate paid to the apportionee for that period; 
and
    (ii) The incarcerated rate paid to the beneficiary for that period 
(under Sec.  5.813(b) if the veteran was entitled to disability 
compensation at the incarcerated rate).
    (c) Death pension was allocated. This paragraph (c) applies if VA 
allocated death pension under Sec.  5.814(d).
    (1) Effective date of reduction or discontinuance. As soon as VA is 
informed that the beneficiary has been released, VA will reduce or 
discontinue the rate of Improved Death Pension paid to a surviving 
spouse or surviving child under Sec.  5.814(d), effective the first day 
of the month after the month for which VA last allocated Improved Death 
Pension.
    (2) Retroactive pension payments to released beneficiary. For the 
period from the effective date of resumption of pension to the 
effective date of the reduction or discontinuance of pension to a 
surviving spouse or surviving child, VA will retroactively pay the 
released beneficiary the full benefit rate minus an amount equal to the 
difference between:
    (i) The rate paid to the surviving spouse or surviving child under 
Sec.  5.814(d) for that period; and
    (ii) The rate that would have been payable to the surviving spouse 
or surviving child for that period if the released beneficiary's 
pension had not been discontinued under Sec.  5.813.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), 1505)

Sec.  5.817  Fugitive felons.

    (a) General rule. VA will not pay or apportion disability 
compensation, dependency and indemnity compensation, or Improved 
Pension to, for, or on behalf of a person for any period during which 
that person is a fugitive felon.
    (b) Definitions.--(1) Fugitive felon means a person who is:
    (i) Fleeing to avoid prosecution for a felony or for an attempt to 
commit a felony;
    (ii) Fleeing custody or confinement after conviction of a felony or 
conviction of an attempt to commit a felony; or
    (iii) Fleeing to avoid custody or confinement for violating a 
condition of probation or parole imposed for commission of a felony 
under Federal or State law.
    (2) Felony. For purposes of this Sec.  5.817, felony refers to an 
offense that is classified as a felony under the laws of the place from 
which the person flees; however, it also includes an offense classified 
as a high misdemeanor that would be a felony offense under Federal law.

(Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5313B)


         Appendix A to Part 5--Distribution of Part 3 Provisions
 [Note to users: The designation ``introduction'' in Appendices A and B
 refers to regulation text that introduces the paragraphs of a section.
   For example, ``3.400 (introduction)'' designates the text of 3.400
  preceding 3.400(a)-(z) and ``5.268(c)(1) (introduction)'' designates
               5.268(c)(1) preceding 5.268(c)(1)(i)-(iv)]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Part 3 provision                     Part 5 provision
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.9(b)(1)..............................  5.1 definition of ``VA''.
3.1(a).................................  5.1 definition of ``Armed
                                          Forces''.
3.1(b).................................  5.1 definition of ``Reserve
                                          component''.
3.1(c).................................  5.1 definition of ``Reserve''
                                          or ``reservist''.
3.1(d).................................  5.1 definition of ``Veteran''.
3.1(e).................................  5.20.
3.1(f).................................  5.20.
3.1(g).................................  5.1 definition of ``Secretary
                                          Concerned''.
3.1(h).................................  5.1 definition of ``Disharged
                                          or released from active
                                          military service''.
3.1(i).................................  5.1 definition of ``State''.
3.1(j).................................  5.191.
3.1(k).................................  5.1 definition of ``Service-
                                          connected'', 5.241(a),
                                          5.241(b).
3.1(l).................................  5.1 definition of ``Nonservice
                                          connected''.
3.1(m) (first sentence)................  5.660(b).
3.1(m) (second sentence)...............  5.660(d).
3.1(m)(1)..............................  5.660(c).
3.1(m)(2)..............................  5.660(c).
3.1(m)(3)..............................  5.660(c).
3.1(n).................................  5.1 definition of ``Willful
                                          misconduct''.
3.1(n) (introduction first sentence)...  5.1 definition of ``Willful
                                          misconduct''.
3.1(n) (introduction second sentence)..  5.661(f).
3.1(n)(1)..............................  5.1 definition of ``Willful
                                          misconduct''.
3.1(n)(2)..............................  5.1 definition of ``Willful
                                          misconduct''.
3.1(n)(3)..............................  5.661(b)(1).
3.1(o).................................  5.1 definition of ``Political
                                          subdivision of the U.S.''.
3.1(p).................................  5.1 definition of ``Claim''.
3.1(q).................................  5.1 definition of ``Notice''.
3.1(r).................................  5.151.
3.1(s).................................  No part 5 provision.
3.1(t).................................  No part 5 provision.
3.1(u).................................  5.460(a).
3.1(v).................................  5.460(b).
3.1(w).................................  5.370(d).

[[Page 71323]]

 
3.1(x).................................  No part 5 provision.
3.1(y) (introduction)..................  5.140(b)(1).
3.1(y)(1)..............................  5.140(a).
3.1(y)(2)..............................  5.140(b).
3.1(y)(3)..............................  5.140(a).
3.1(y)(4)..............................  5.140(b).
3.1(y)(5)..............................  5.140(b).
3.1(z).................................  5.1 definition of ``Nursing
                                          home''.
3.1(aa)(1).............................  5.1 definition of ``Fraud''.
3.1(aa)(2).............................  5.1 definition of ``Fraud''.
3.2....................................  5.20.
3.3(a)(1)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.3(a)(2)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.3(a)(3)..............................  5.371(b), 5.372(a).
3.3(a)(3)(i)...........................  5.372(b).
3.3(a)(3)(ii)..........................  5.372(b).
3.3(a)(3)(iii).........................  5.372(b).
3.3(a)(3)(iv)..........................  5.372(b).
3.3(a)(3)(v)...........................  5.371(d).
3.3(a)(3)(vi)(A).......................  5.380.
3.3(a)(3)(vi)(B)(1)....................  5.380.
3.3(a)(3)(vi)(B)(2)....................  5.380.
3.3(a)(3)(vi)(B)(3)....................  No part 5 provision.
3.3(a)(3)(vi)(B)(4)....................  No part 5 provision.
3.3(b)(1)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.3(b)(2)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.3(b)(3)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.3(b)(4)..............................  5.371(c).
3.3(b)(4)(i)...........................  5.372(b).
3.3(b)(4)(ii)..........................  5.372(c).
3.3(b)(4)(iii).........................  5.371(d).
3.4(a).................................  5.240(a).
3.4(a), 3.4(b)(1)......................  5.240(a).
3.4(b)(2)..............................  5.240(b).
3.4(c)(1)..............................  5.560(b).
3.4(c)(2)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.5(a).................................  5.510(a).
3.5(b).................................  5.510(b)(1)(ii).
3.5(c).................................  5.512.
3.5(d).................................  5.510(c).
3.6(a).................................  5.21(a).
3.6(b)(1)..............................  5.22(a), 5.23(a)(1),
                                          5.23(b)(1).
3.6(b)(2)..............................  5.25(a)(1).
3.6(b)(3)..............................  5.25(b).
3.6(b)(4)..............................  5.24(a).
3.6(b)(5)..............................  5.24(b)(1).
3.6(b)(6)..............................  5.29(a)(1).
3.6(b)(7)..............................  5.22(b), 5.24(a), 5.29(a)(2).
3.6(c)(1)..............................  5.23(a)(2).
3.6(c)(2)..............................  5.25(a)(2).
3.6(c)(3)..............................  5.23(b)(2).
3.6(c)(4)..............................  5.24(c)(1).
3.6(c)(5)..............................  5.24(b)(2).
3.6(c)(6)..............................  5.25(c).
3.6(d)(1)..............................  5.23(a)(3), 5.25(a)(3).
3.6(d)(2)..............................  5.23(a)(3), 5.25(a)(3).
3.6(d)(3)..............................  5.24(c)(2).
3.6(d)(4)..............................  5.23(b)(3).
3.6(d)(4)(i)...........................  5.23(b)(4).
3.6(d)(4)(ii)..........................  5.23(b)(4).
3.6(d)(4)(iii).........................  5.25(c).
3.6(e).................................  5.29(b).
3.7(a).................................  5.21(a).
3.7(b).................................  5.31(c).
3.7(c).................................  5.28.
3.7(d).................................  5.28.
3.7(e).................................  5.28.
3.7(f).................................  5.24(a).
3.7(g).................................  5.25(b)(1).

[[Page 71324]]

 
3.7(h).................................  5.28.
3.7(i).................................  5.28.
3.7(j).................................  5.28.
3.7(k).................................  5.28.
3.7(l).................................  5.28.
3.7(m).................................  5.23(b), 5.26(a)(3).
3.7(n).................................  5.28.
3.7(o).................................  5.26.
3.7(p).................................  5.28.
3.7(q).................................  5.25(a).
3.7(r).................................  5.23(a).
3.7(s).................................  5.28.
3.7(t).................................  5.28.
3.7(u).................................  5.28.
3.7(v).................................  5.28.
3.7(w).................................  5.28.
3.7(x).................................  5.27(a), 5.27(b), 5.27(c).
3.7(y).................................  5.28.
3.10...................................  5.523.
3.11...................................  5.663.
3.12(a)................................  5.30(a), 5.30(c), 5.37(a)
                                          (first sentence).
3.12(b)................................  5.30(d), 5.33.
3.12(c)(1)-(5).........................  5.31(c).
3.12(c)(6).............................  5.32, 5.33.
3.12(d)................................  5.30(f).
3.12(e)................................  5.34(c).
3.12(f)................................  5.35(b).
3.12(g)................................  5.35(c), 5.35(d).
3.12(h)................................  5.36(a).
3.12(i)................................  5.31(f), 5.36(b), 5.36(c).
3.12(j)................................  5.31(e).
3.12(k)(1).............................  5.30(c).
3.12(k)(2).............................  5.30(e).
3.12(k)(3).............................  5.30(e).
3.12a(a)(1)............................  5.39(c)(1).
3.12a(a)(2)............................  5.39(a), 5.39(d).
3.12a(b)...............................  5.39(a).
3.12a(c)(1)............................  5.39(b)(1).
3.12a(c)(2)............................  5.39(b)(2).
3.12a(d)...............................  5.39(d).
3.12a(e)...............................  5.39(f).
3.13(a)................................  5.37(b).
3.13(b)................................  5.37(c).
3.13(c)................................  5.37(d).
3.14(a)................................  5.38(b).
3.14(b)................................  5.38(c).
3.14(c)................................  5.38(b).
3.14(d)................................  5.30(c).
3.15...................................  5.21(b), 5.39(e).
3.16...................................  No part 5 provision.
3.17...................................  No part 5 provision.
3.20...................................  5.695.
3.21...................................  5.690.
3.22(a), 3.22(b), 3.22(c)..............  5.521.
3.22(d)................................  5.520(b).
3.22(e)................................  5.522(a), 5.522(b).
3.22(f)................................  5.522(c)(4).
3.22(g)................................  5.522(c)(2), 5.522(c)(5),
                                          5.522(d).
3.22(h)................................  No part 5 provision.
3.23(a)................................  5.370, 5.400, 5.401(b).
3.23(a)(1).............................  5.400(a).
3.23(a)(2).............................  5.400(c).
3.23(a)(3).............................  5.400(b).
3.23(a)(4).............................  5.400(d).
3.23(a)(5).............................  5.400(e).
3.23(a)(6).............................  5.400(g).
3.23(a)(7).............................  5.400(f).
3.23(b)................................  5.370, 5.371(d).
3.23(c)................................  No part 5 provision.

[[Page 71325]]

 
3.23(d)(1).............................  5.416(a), 5.416(b).
3.23(d)(2).............................  5.390.
3.23(d)(3).............................  5.391.
3.23(d)(4).............................  5.370, 5.410(b)(1), 5.411(a),
                                          5.411(c), 5.416(b), 5.416(c).
3.23(d)(5).............................  5.370, 5.410(b)(2), 5.411(a),
                                          5.411(c), 5.416(c).
3.23(d)(6).............................  5.411(a).
3.23(d)(6) (second sentence)...........  5.411(b).
3.24(a)................................  5.370, 5.371(a), 5.371(c),
                                          5.411(c).
3.24(b)................................  5.400, 5.400(h), 5.401(b),
                                          5.414(c)(3)(i), 5.435(a).
3.24(c)................................  5.435(b)(1), 5.435(b)(2).
3.25...................................  5.536.
3.26...................................  No part 5 provision.
3.27(a)................................  5.401(a).
3.27(b)................................  5.536(b).
3.27(c)................................  5.589(a), 5.590(a).
3.27(d)................................  5.580(b)(4).
3.27(e)................................  5.536(b), 5.401(b).
3.28...................................  5.471.
3.29(a)................................  5.691(b).
3.29(b)................................  5.421, 5.691(c).
3.29(c)................................  5.691(b).
3.30 (introduction)....................  5.425, 5.537.
3.30 (except (e))......................  5.425.
3.30(e)................................  5.537(b).
3.31 (introduction)....................  5.693(b).
3.31(a)................................  5.693(a).
3.31(b)................................  5.693(c), 5.693(c)(1).
3.31(c)................................  5.693(c).
3.31(c)(1).............................  5.693(c)(3).
3.31(c)(2).............................  5.693(c)(8), 5.693(d).
3.31(c)(3).............................  5.693(c)(4), 5.693(c)(7).
3.31(c)(4).............................  5.693(c)(5).
3.31(c)(5).............................  5.693(c)(6).
3.32 (introduction)....................  5.697(a).
3.32(a)(1).............................  5.697(a)(1).
3.32(a)(2).............................  5.697(a)(2).
3.32(b)................................  5.697(b).
3.40...................................  5.610.
3.41...................................  5.611.
3.42...................................  5.613.
3.43(a)................................  5.617(a).
3.43(b)................................  5.617(b).
3.43(c)................................  5.617(c).
3.50(a)................................  No part 5 provision.
3.50(b) (except (b)(2))................  5.201(a), 5.203(b)(1).
3.50(b)(2).............................  5.203(a)(2).
3.52 (introduction)....................  5.200(a).
3.52(a)................................  5.200(b)(1).
3.52(b)................................  5.200(b)(2).
3.52(c)................................  5.200(b)(3).
3.52(d)................................  5.200(b)(4).
3.53(a) (first sentence)...............  5.201(b) (introduction),
                                          5.201(b)(2)(i).
3.53(a) (second sentence)..............  5.201(b)(4).
3.53(b) (first sentence)...............  5.201(b)(5).
3.53(b) (second sentence)..............  5.201(b)(3).
3.53(b) (last sentence)................  5.201(b)(6).
3.54 (introduction)....................  5.430 (introduction),
                                          5.520(b)(1)(i).
3.54(a)(1).............................  5.430(a).
3.54(a)(2).............................  5.430(c).
3.54(a)(3).............................  5.430(b).
3.54(b)................................  5.561(b) and (c), except
                                          (c)(1).
3.54(c)(1).............................  5.520(b)(1)(iv).
3.54(c)(2).............................  5.520(b)(1)(ii).
3.54(c)(3).............................  5.520(b)(1)(iii).
3.54(d)................................  5.1 definition of ``Child born
                                          of the marriage and child born
                                          before the marriage''.
3.54(e)................................  5.201(b)(1).
3.55(a)(1).............................  5.203(c).
3.55(a)(2).............................  5.203(d)(1)-(3).

[[Page 71326]]

 
3.55(a)(3).............................  5.203(e)(1) except (e)(1)(iii),
                                          5.203(e)(2).
3.55(a)(4).............................  No part 5 provision.
3.55(a)(5).............................  5.203(d)(4).
3.55(a)(6).............................  5.203(e)(1)(iii).
3.55(a)(7).............................  No part 5 provision.
3.55(a)(8).............................  5.203(d)(4).
3.55(a)(9).............................  No part 5 provision.
3.55(a)(10)(i).........................  5.203(f).
3.55(a)(10)(ii)........................  No part 5 provision.
3.55(b)................................  5.228(b).
3.57(a)................................  5.220 (except 5.220(b)(1)).
3.57(a)(1)(ii).........................  5.220(b)(1).
3.57(a)(1)(iii)........................  5.220(b)(2), 5.696(a).
3.57(b)................................  5.226(a), 5.226(b).
3.57(c) (introduction).................  5.222(a), 5.222(c), 5.222(d).
3.57(c)(1).............................  No part 5 provision.
3.57(c)(2).............................  5.223(b).
3.57(c)(3).............................  No part 5 provision.
3.57(d)................................  5.1 definition of ``Custody of
                                          a child''.
3.57(d)(1).............................  5.417(a).
3.57(d)(2).............................  5.417(b), 5.435.
3.57(d)(3).............................  5.417(c), 5.417(d).
3.57(e)(1).............................  5.225(a).
3.57(e)(2).............................  5.225(b)(1).
3.57(e)(3).............................  5.225(d).
3.57(e)(4).............................  5.225(b)(2).
3.58...................................  5.224(a).
3.59(a)................................  5.238(a).
3.59(b) (first sentence)...............  5.238(a).
3.59(b) (second and third sentences)...  5.238(d)(1), 5.238(d)(2)(i).
3.60...................................  5.416(a).
3.100..................................  5.5.
3.102 (first sentence).................  5.4(b).
3.102 (third sentence).................  5.3(b)(2).
3.102 (second and seventh sentences)...  5.3(b)(3).
3.102 (fourth sentence)................  No part 5 provision.
3.102 (fifth sentence).................  No part 5 provision.
3.102 (six sentence)...................  5.3(b)(5).
3.103(a) (first sentence)..............  5.83(b).
3.103(a) (second sentence).............  5.4(a), 5.4(b).
3.103(a) (last sentence)...............  No part 5 provision.
3.103(b)(1)............................  5.83(a), 5.83(b).
3.103(b)(2)............................  5.83(a).
3.103(b)(3)............................  5.83(c).
3.103(b)(4)............................  5.84.
3.103(c)(1)............................  5.82(a) (introduction),
                                          5.82(a)(1), 5.82(c),
                                          5.82(d)(1), 5.82(e)(2).
3.103(c)(2)............................  5.82(b), 5.82(d)(2),
                                          5.82(e)(1).
3.103(d)...............................  5.81.
3.103(e)...............................  5.80.
3.103(f)...............................  5.83(b).
3.104(a)...............................  5.160(a).
3.104(b)...............................  5.160(b).
3.105 (introduction first sentence)....  5.162(a), 5.164, 5.177(c),
                                          5.177(i).
3.105 (introduction second sentence)...  5.177(b).
3.105 (introduction last sentence).....  5.177(a).
3.105(a) (first and second sentences)..  5.162(c).
3.105(a) (third and last sentences)....  5.162(f).
3.105(b)...............................  5.163.
3.105(c)...............................  5.177(d).
3.105(d) (first and second sentences)..  5.175(b)(1).
3.105(d) (third and fourth sentences)..  5.175(b)(2).
3.105(d) (fifth through last sentences)  5.83(a), 5.177(c).
3.105(e) (first sentence)..............  5.313(b) (first sentence).
3.105(e) (second and last sentences)...  5.83(a), 5.177(e).
3.105(f) (first sentence)..............  No part 5 provision.
3.105(f) (second and last sentences)...  5.83(a), 5.177(f).
3.105(g)...............................  5.83(a), 5.591(b)(5).
3.105(h) (first sentence)..............  No part 5 provision.
3.105(h) (second sentence).............  5.83(a).

[[Page 71327]]

 
3.105(h) (last sentence)...............  5.177(h), 5.705.
3.105(i)(1)............................  5.82(f) (introduction),
                                          5.82(f)(2), 5.82(f)(3),
                                          5.82(f)(4), 5.83(i)(1)(ii).
3.105(i)(2)............................  5.82(e)(4), 5.82(f)(1),
                                          5.82(f)(5).
3.106(a)...............................  5.683(a), 5.683(b), 5.683(c).
3.106(b)...............................  5.683(e)(1).
3.106(c)...............................  5.683(e)(2).
3.106(d)...............................  5.683(d)(1).
3.106(e)...............................  5.683(d)(2).
3.107..................................  5.525.
3.108..................................  5.132(a).
3.109(a)(1) (first sentence)...........  No part 5 provision.
3.109(a) (except (a)(1) first sentence)  5.90(b) (except (b)(2)).
3.109(b)...............................  5.99.
3.110..................................  5.100.
3.112..................................  5.692.
3.114..................................  5.152.
3.115(a)...............................  5.133(a).
3.115(b)...............................  5.133(c).
3.150..................................  5.50.
3.151(a)...............................  5.51.
3.151(b)...............................  5.383(c).
3.152..................................  5.52.
3.153..................................  5.131(a).
3.154..................................  5.53.
3.155..................................  5.54.
3.156(a)...............................  5.55.
3.156(b)...............................  5.153.
3.156(c)...............................  5.165.
3.157..................................  5.56.
3.158(a)...............................  5.136.
3.158(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.158(c)...............................  5.712.
3.159 (except (a)(1) and (2))..........  5.90.
3.159(a)(1) and (2)....................  5.1 definition of ``Competent
                                          evidence''.
3.160..................................  5.57.
3.161..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.200..................................  5.135.
3.201(a)...............................  5.131(b).
3.201(b)...............................  5.131(c).
3.202(a)...............................  5.132(b), 5.132(d).
3.202(b)...............................  5.132(c).
3.202(b)(5)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.202(c)...............................  5.132(e).
3.203(a)...............................  5.40(a).
3.203(a)(1)............................  5.40(c).
3.203(a)(2)............................  5.40(b).
3.203(a)(3)............................  5.40(c).
3.203(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.203(c)...............................  5.40(d), 5.633(b)(2), 5.643.
3.203(c) (last sentence)...............  5.39(c)(2).
3.204(a)(1)............................  5.181(b).
3.204(a)(2)............................  5.181(c).
3.204(b)...............................  5.181(c), 5.229 (introduction).
3.204(c)...............................  5.181(d).
3.205(a)...............................  5.192(c), except (c)(6)(i).
3.205(b) (except last sentence)........  5.192(b).
3.205(b) (last sentence)...............  5.193.
3.205(c)...............................  5.200(b)(2).
3.206 (introduction)...................  5.194(a).
3.206(a)...............................  5.194(b)(1), 5.194(b)(2).
3.206(b)...............................  5.194(c)(1).
3.206(c)...............................  5.194(c)(2).
3.207(a)...............................  5.196(a)(2).
3.207(b)...............................  5.196(b).
3.208..................................  5.373.
3.209(a)...............................  5.229(a).
3.209(b)...............................  5.229(b).
3.209(c)...............................  5.229(c).
3.209(d)...............................  5.229(d).

[[Page 71328]]

 
3.209(e)...............................  5.229(e).
3.209(f)...............................  5.229(f).
3.209(g)...............................  5.229(b), 5.229(g).
3.210(a)...............................  5.221.
3.210(b)...............................  5.221.
3.210(c) (introduction)................  5.222(a), 5.222(c), 5.222(d).
3.210(c)(1) (introduction).............  5.222(b), 5.224(b).
3.210(c)(1)(i).........................  5.222(b).
3.210(c)(1)(ii)........................  5.224(b).
3.210(c)(2)............................  5.223(a), 5.223(b)(2),
                                          5.223(b)(3).
3.210(d)...............................  5.226(a), 5.226(b).
3.211(a)...............................  5.500(b).
3.211(b)...............................  5.500(d).
3.211(c)...............................  5.500(e).
3.211(d)...............................  5.500(c).
3.211(e) (first sentence)..............  5.501(b).
3.211(e) (second sentence).............  5.501(c).
3.211(f)...............................  5.501(d).
3.211(g)...............................  5.501(d).
3.212(a)...............................  5.502(a), 5.503(b).
3.212(b)...............................  5.502(b), 5.502(c).
3.212(c)...............................  5.502(c).
3.213(a) (first sentence)..............  5.181(a).
3.213(a)...............................  5.181(b), 5.182(a).
3.213(b) (first sentence)..............  5.184(d).
3.213(b) (except first sentence).......  No part 5 provision.
3.213(c)...............................  5.181(c), 5.182(b).
3.214..................................  5.203(a)(1).
3.215..................................  5.203(d)(4).
3.216..................................  5.101(a), 5.101(b)(1),
                                          5.101(b)(2), 5.101(e),
                                          5.101(f).
3.217(a)...............................  5.130(a) (except (a)(3)).
3.217(a) (note)........................  5.130(a).
3.217(b)...............................  5.130(b).
3.250(a)(1)............................  5.300(a)(1).
3.250(a)(2) (first sentence)...........  5.300(b) (introduction).
3.250(a)(2) (last sentence)............  5.300(b)(2)(i).
3.250(a)(3)............................  5.300(b).
3.250(b)...............................  5.300(b)(1), 5.300(c).
3.250(b)(1)............................  5.300(b)(1)(i).
3.250(b)(2)............................  5.300(b)(2)(ii), 5.302(c).
3.250(c)...............................  5.300(b)(1)(ii).
3.250(d)...............................  5.300(e).
3.251(a)(1)............................  5.510(d), 5.615(b).
3.251(a)(2)............................  5.536(c).
3.251(a)(3)............................  5.615(a), 5.615(b).
3.251(a)(4)............................  5.536(d).
3.251(a)(5)............................  5.536(e).
3.251(b)...............................  5.531(a), 5.534(a).
3.252(a)...............................  5.470(a)(4).
3.252(b)...............................  5.470(a)(5).
3.252(c)...............................  5.472(b)(1), 5.472(b)(4).
3.252(d)...............................  5.475(c).
3.252(e)(1)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.252(e)(2)............................  5.473(c)(1).
3.252(e)(3)............................  5.473(c)(2).
3.252(e)(4)............................  5.475(b)(2)(ii).
3.252(f)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.256(a)...............................  5.709(a), 5.709(b).
3.256(b)(1)............................  5.708(a)(1).
3.256(b)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.256(b)(3)............................  5.708(b).
3.256(b)(4)............................  5.708(b).
3.256(c)...............................  5.708(e)(1).
3.257..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.260 (introduction)...................  5.472(b)(4), 5.534(a).
3.260(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.260(b)...............................  5.478(a), 5.531(e).
3.260(c)...............................  5.534(b).
3.260(d)...............................  5.534(b).

[[Page 71329]]

 
3.260(e)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.260(f)...............................  5.475(a), 5.475(b), 5.534(b),
                                          5.534(c), 5.536(g).
3.260(g)...............................  5.472(b)(3), 5.691(a).
3.261 (introduction)...................  (introduction), 5.472(a),
                                          5.706(a).
3.261(a)(1)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(3)............................  5.302(c).
3.261(a)(4)............................  5.473(d).
3.261(a)(5)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(6)............................  4.472(f)(1), 5.533(b).
3.261(a)(7)............................  5.304(a), 5.472(f)(8),
                                          5.531(b)(2)(i).
3.261(a)(8)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(9)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(10)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(11)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(12)...........................  5.304(c), 5.472(f)(3),
                                          5.533(a).
3.261(a)(13)...........................  5.304(f), 5.472(f)(4),
                                          5.533(f).
3.261(a)(14)...........................  5.706(b)(23).
3.261(a)(15)...........................  5.745(b)(4).
3.261(a)(16)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(17)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(18)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(19)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(20)...........................  5.304(d), except (d)(6),
                                          5.304(e), 5.533(c), 5.533(d),
                                          5.472(e), 5.472(f)(7).
3.261(a)(21)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(22)...........................  5.304(k), 5.472(c)(3),
                                          5.472(f)(11), 5.532(e),
                                          5.533(p).
3.261(a)(23)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(24)...........................  5.303(b)(1).
3.261(a)(25)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(26)...........................  5.472(f)(10), 5.531(b)(2)(ii).
3.261(a)(27)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(28)...........................  5.304(g).
3.261(a)(29)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(30)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.261(a)(31)...........................  5.304(i), 5.472(f)(5),
                                          5.533(j).
3.261(a)(32)...........................  5.706(b)(1).
3.261(a)(33)...........................  5.706(b)(15), 5.706(21).
3.261(a)(34)...........................  5.706(b)(15), 5.706(21).
3.261(a)(35)...........................  5.706(b)(5).
3.261(a)(36)...........................  5.706(b)(3).
3.261(a)(37)...........................  5.706(b)(8) 5.706(b)(9).
3.261(a)(38)...........................  5.412(h), 5.533(k).
3.261(a)(39)...........................  5.706(b)(11)-(13).
3.261(a)(40)...........................  5.706(b)(6).
3.261(a)(41)...........................  5.706(b)(2).
3.261(a)(42)...........................  5.706(b)(24).
3.261(b)(1)............................  5.474(b), 5.532(d), 5.707(c).
3.261(b)(2)............................  5.532(c).
3.261(b)(3)............................  5.474(c).
3.261(b)(4)............................  5.532(c).
3.261(b)(5)............................  5.474(d).
3.261(c)...............................  5.706.
3.262(a) (introduction)................  5.302(a), 5.472(b)(1),
                                          5.531(a).
3.262(a)(1)............................  5.303(c), 5.472(c)(3),
                                          5.532(e).
3.262(a)(2) (except last sentence).....  5.303(a), 5.472(c)(1),
                                          5.532(a).
3.262(a)(2) (last sentence)............  5.304(j), 5.472(f)(9),
                                          5.533(o).
3.262(a)(3)............................  5.472(c)(1), 5.532(a).
3.262(b) (introduction)................  5.531(c).
3.262(b)(1)............................  5.531(c).
3.262(b)(2)............................  5.473(a), 5.473(b)(2).
3.262(c)...............................  5.472(f)(1), 5.533(b)(1).
3.262(d)...............................  5.472(g)(1), 5.472(h),
                                          5.533(b)(2).
3.262(e) (introduction)................  5.472(f)(12) (introduction),
                                          5.533(g) (introduction),
                                          5.533(g)(1), 5.706(b)(23).
3.262(e)(1)............................  5.472(f)(12).
3.262(e)(2)............................  5.472(f)(12).
3.262(e)(3)............................  5.302(a).
3.262(e)(4) (first sentence)...........  5.533(g) (introduction).

[[Page 71330]]

 
3.262(e)(4) (sentences two through       No part 5 provision.
 four).
3.262(f)...............................  5.472(f)(12)(ii), 5.472(g)(1),
                                          5.472(g)(2), 5.533(b)(2),
                                          5.533(e), 5.533(g)(5).
3.262(g)(1)............................  5.533(g).
3.262(g)(2)............................  5.472(f)(12)(iii).
3.262(h) (first sentence)..............  5.472(b)(2)(i).
3.262(h) (except first sentence).......  5.304(b), 5.472(b)(2)(ii),
                                          5.531(b)(2)(iii).
3.262(i)(1)............................  5.303(b).
3.262(i)(2)............................  5.472(f)(12) (introduction),
                                          5.472(f)(12)(iv), 5.533(g)
                                          (introduction), 5.533(g)(4).
3.262(j)(1)............................  5.472(f)(12) (introduction)
                                          5.742(f)(12)(v), 5.533(g)
                                          (introduction), 5.533(g)(5).
3.262(j)(2)............................  5.472(f)(12) (introduction)
                                          5.742(f)(12)(v), 5.533(g)
                                          (introduction), 5.533(g)(5).
3.262(j)(3)............................  5.472(f)(12)(v).
3.262(j)(4)............................  5.303(b) (introduction),
                                          5.303(b)(1), 5.472(c)(2),
                                          5.532(b), 5.533(g)
                                          (introduction), 5.533(g)(6).
3.262(k)(1)............................  5.302(d), 5.472(d)(1),
                                          5.472(d)(2), 5.472(d)(4),
                                          5.472(g)(3), 5.531(d)(1),
                                          5.531(d)(2), 5.531(d)(4).
3.262(k)(2)............................  5.302(d), 5.302(e),
                                          5.531(d)(1), 5.531(d)(2),
                                          5.472(d)(1), 5.472(d)(2).
3.262(k)(3)............................  5.302(e), 5.472(d)(5).
3.262(k)(4)............................  5.304(h), 5.472(d)(6).
3.262(k)(5)............................  5.472(d)(7), 5.533(i).
3.262(k)(6)............................  5.474(d).
3.262(l) (introduction first sentence).  5.474(b)(4), 5.532(d)(4).
3.262(l) (introduction second and third  No part 5 provision.
 sentences).
3.262(l) (introduction fourth sentence)  5.474(b)(1)(ii) (first
                                          sentence), 5.532(d)(1)(iii)
                                          (first sentence).
3.262(l) (introduction fifth sentence).  5.707(c)(5).
3.262(l) (introduction sixth sentence).  4.474(b)(5), 5.532(d)(5).
3.262(l) (introduction) last sentence..  5.474(b)(6), 5.532(d)(6).
3.262(l)(1)............................  5.474(b)(1)(i).
3.262(l)(2)............................  5.474(b)(2).
3.262(l)(3)............................  5.474(b)(3).
3.262(l)(4)............................  5.532(d)(1)(i).
3.262(m)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.262(n)...............................  5.474(c).
3.262(o)...............................  5.532(c).
3.262(p)...............................  5.474(c)(5), 5.532(c)(3).
3.262(q)...............................  5.706(b)(15), 5.706(21).
3.262(r)...............................  5.472(f)(2).
3.262(s)...............................  5.706(b)(5).
3.262(t) (introduction first sentence).  5.304 (introduction), 5.472
                                          (introduction), 5.533
                                          (introduction).
3.262(t) (introduction second sentence)  5.533(h).
3.262(t)(1)............................  5.533(h).
3.262(t)(2)............................  5.304(g), 5.472(f)(6).
3.262(u)...............................  5.706(b)(3).
3.262(v)...............................  5.706(b)(8).
3.262(w)...............................  5.533(k).
3.262(x)...............................  5.706(b)(11).
3.262(y)...............................  5.706(b)(6).
3.262(z)...............................  5.706(b)(2).
3.262(aa)..............................  5.706(b)(24).
3.263(a)...............................  5.476(b).
3.263(b)...............................  5.476(a).
3.263(c)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.263(d)...............................  5.476(c).
3.263(e)...............................  5.706(b)(5).
3.263(f)...............................  5.706(b)(3).
3.263(g)...............................  5.706(b)(6).
3.263(h)...............................  5.706(b)(2).
3.263(i)...............................  5.706(b)(24).
3.270..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.271(a) (introduction)................  5.370(c), 5.410, 5.410(c)
                                          (introduction).
3.271(a)(1)............................  5.410(c)(1).
3.271(a)(2)............................  5.410(c)(3).
3.271(a)(3)............................  5.410(c)(2).
3.271(b)...............................  5.410(e).
3.271(c)...............................  5.413(f).
3.271(d)...............................  5.410(f) (except (f)(3)).

[[Page 71331]]

 
3.271(e)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.271(f)(1)............................  5.423(a).
3.271(f)(2)............................  5.423(b).
3.271(g)...............................  5.413(e).
3.271(h)...............................  5.370(a).
3.272 (introduction first sentence)....  5.412 (introduction).
3.272 (introduction last sentence).....  5.413(a).
3.272(a)...............................  5.412(b) (introduction),
                                          5.706(b)(18)-(22).
3.272(b)...............................  5.412(b)(1), 5.706(b)(18)-(22).
3.272(c)...............................  5.412(c)(1).
3.272(d)...............................  5.412(d).
3.272(e)...............................  5.412(e).
3.272(f)...............................  5.412(f).
3.272(g) (introduction)................  5.413(b) (introduction).
3.272(g)(1) (introduction).............  5.413(b) (introduction).
3.272(g)(1)(i).........................  5.413(b)(2)(i).
3.272(g)(1)(ii)........................  5.413(b)(2)(i).
3.272(g)(1)(iii).......................  5.413(b)(1).
3.272(g)(2) (introduction).............  5.413(b) (introduction).
3.272(g)(2)(i).........................  5.413(b)(2)(ii).
3.272(g)(2)(ii)........................  5.413(b)(2)(ii).
3.272(g)(2)(iii).......................  5.413(b)(1).
3.272(g)(3)............................  5.413(b)(1), 5.413(b)(2)(iii).
3.272(h) (introduction)................  5.413(c)(1)(i).
3.272(h)(1)(i).........................  5.413(c)(2)(iv).
3.272(h)(1)(ii)........................  5.413(c)(1)(i),
                                          5.413(c)(1)(iii),
                                          5.413(c)(2)(ii),
                                          5.413(c)(2)(iii), 5.413(c)(3).
3.272(h)(2)............................  5.413(c)(2)(i),
                                          5.413(c)(2)(iii).
3.272(i)...............................  5.413(d).
3.272(j)...............................  5.412(a).
3.272(k)(2)............................  5.706(b), 5.706(b).
3.272(l)...............................  5.412(b), 5.412(b)(3).
3.272(m)...............................  5.411(c).
3.272(n)...............................  5.412(g).
3.272(o)...............................  5.706(b)(5).
3.272(p)...............................  5.706(b)(3).
3.272(q)...............................  5.412(l)(1).
3.272(r)...............................  5.706(b)(8).
3.272(s)...............................  5.412(h).
3.272(t)...............................  5.706(b)(11).
3.272(u)...............................  5.706(b)(6).
3.272(v)...............................  5.706(b)(2).
3.272(w)...............................  5.706(b)(24).
3.272(x)...............................  5.412(l)(8).
3.273 (introduction)...................  5.421.
3.273(a)...............................  5.421.
3.273(b)...............................  5.421.
3.273(c)...............................  5.410(c)(2).
3.273(d)...............................  5.410(c)(1), 5.410(c)(3).
3.274(a)...............................  5.414(c)(1), 5.414(d)(1) (first
                                          sentence).
3.274(b)...............................  5.414(e).
3.274(c)...............................  5.414(c)(2), 5.414(d)(1) (first
                                          sentence).
3.274(d)...............................  5.414(d)(1) (first sentence),
                                          5.414(e).
3.274(e)...............................  5.414(c)(3)(ii).
3.275(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.275(b)...............................  5.414(a)(1), 5.414(b)(1),
                                          5.414(b)(2).
3.275(c)...............................  5.414(a)(2).
3.275(d)...............................  5.414(d) (except (d)(1) (first
                                          sentence).
3.275(e)...............................  5.414(b)(3).
3.275(f)...............................  5.706(b)(5).
3.275(g)...............................  5.706(b)(3).
3.275(h)...............................  5.414(b)(4), 5.706(b)(7).
3.275(i)...............................  5.706(b)(6).
3.275(j)...............................  5.706(b)(2).
3.275(k)...............................  5.706(b)(24).
3.276(a)...............................  5.410(d).
3.276(b) (first and second sentences)..  5.414(a)(2)(i).
3.276(b) (last sentence)...............  5.414(a)(2)(ii).
3.277(a)...............................  5.709(a).
3.277(b)...............................  5.182(a), 5.709(a), 5.709(b).

[[Page 71332]]

 
3.277(c)(1)............................  5.708(a)(1).
3.277(c)(2)............................  5.708(b)(2)(ii).
3.277(c)(3)............................  5.708(b) (introduction),
                                          5.708(b)(1), 5.208(b)(2)(i).
3.277(d)...............................  5.708(e)(1).
3.300..................................  5.365.
3.301(a)...............................  5.660(a), 5.661(b)(1).
3.301(b)...............................  5.661(b)(2).
3.301(c) (introduction)................  No part 5 provision.
3.301(c)(1)............................  5.661(e).
3.301(c)(2)............................  5.661(c)(1).
3.301(c)(3)............................  5.661(c)(2).
3.301(d)...............................  5.661(c)(1), 5.661(c)(2),
                                          5.662(a).
3.302..................................  5.661(d).
3.303(a) (first and second sentences)..  5.241(a), 5.241(b).
3.303(a) (third sentence)..............  5.242(a).
3.303(b) (first through third            5.243(c).
 sentences).
3.303(b) (fifth sentence)..............  5.243(d).
3.303(c) (first through fifth            5.244(d).
 sentences).
3.303(c) (last sentence)...............  5.251(a).
3.303(d)...............................  5.243(b).
3.304(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.304(b) (introduction first sentence).  5.244(a).
3.304(b)(1) (first sentence)...........  5.244(b)(1).
3.304(b)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.304(b)(3)............................  5.242(b).
3.304(c) (last sentence)...............  5.91(b), 5.141(a).
3.304(d)...............................  5.249(a)(1).
3.304(e) (first sentence)..............  5.141(c), 5.141(d).
3.304(e) (last two sentences)..........  5.141(e).
3.304(f) (introduction)................  5.250(a).
3.304(f)(1)............................  5.250(c).
3.304(f)(2)............................  5.250(d).
3.304(f)(3)............................  5.250(e).
3.304(f)(4)............................  5.250(d).
3.304(f)(5)............................  5.250(f).
3.305..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.306(a)...............................  5.245(a).
3.306(b)...............................  5.245(c).
3.306(b)(1)............................  5.245(b)(3).
3.306(b)(2)............................  5.245(b)(4).
3.306(c)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.307(a) (introduction)................  5.261(a) (introduction).
3.307(a)(1) (first and second            5.261(b), 5.265(b).
 sentences).
3.307(a)(1) (last sentence)............  5.262(c), 5.264(a)
                                          (introduction).
3.307(a)(2)............................  5.265(c).
3.307(a)(3)............................  5.261(a) (introduction),
                                          5.261(a)(1), 5.261(c)
                                          (introduction).
3.307(a)(4)............................  5.265(a).
3.307(a)(5)............................  5.264(a) (introduction),
                                          5.264(a)(2).
3.307(a)(6)(i).........................  5.262(b).
3.307(a)(6)(ii)........................  5.262(a)(2).
3.307(a)(6)(iii).......................  5.262(a)(1), 5.262(d).
3.307(a)(6)(iv)........................  5.262(a)(1), 5.262(d).
3.307(b)...............................  5.260(b), 5.261(c).
3.307(c)...............................  5.260(b).
3.307(d)(1) (first and second            5.260(c)(1).
 sentences).
3.307(d)(1) (third and last sentences).  5.265(e).
3.307(d)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.308(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.308(b)...............................  5.265(f).
3.309(a)...............................  5.261(c) (table).
3.309(b)...............................  5.265(a), 5.265(d).
3.309(c)(1)............................  5.264(a) (introduction),
                                          5.264(b).
3.309(c)(2)............................  5.264(c).
3.309(d)(1)............................  5.268(b).
3.309(d)(2)............................  5.268(b).
3.309(d)(3)(i).........................  5.268(a).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)........................  5.268(c) (introduction).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(A).....................  5.268(c)(1) (introduction).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(B).....................  5.268(c)(2).

[[Page 71333]]

 
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(C).....................  5.268(c)(3).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(1)..................  5.268(c)(4) (introduction).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(1)(i)...............  5.268(c)(4)(i).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(1)(ii)..............  5.268(c)(4)(ii).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(2)..................  5.268(c)(5).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(3)..................  5.268(c)(4) (Note).
3.309(d)(3)(ii)(E).....................  5.268(c)(6).
3.309(d)(3)(iii).......................  5.268(d).
3.309(d)(3)(iv) (introduction).........  5.268(c)(1) (introduction).
3.309(d)(3)(iv)(A)-(D).................  5.268(c)(1)(i)-(iv).
3.309(d)(3)(v).........................  5.268(e).
3.309(d)(3)(vi)........................  5.268(c)(2).
3.309(d)(3)(vii) (introduction)........  5.268(c)(3) (introduction).
3.309(d)(3)(vii)(A)-(D)................  5.268(c)(3)(i)-(iv).
3.309(e)...............................  5.262(e).
3.309(e) (Note 2)......................  5.262(e) (Note 1).
3.309(e) (Note 1)......................  5.262(e) (Note 2).
3.310(a)...............................  5.246.
3.310(b)...............................  5.247.
3.310(c)...............................  5.248.
3.311(a)(1) (except last sentence).....  5.269(c)(1) (introduction first
                                          sentence) or NO PART 5.
3.311(a)(1) (last sentence)............  5.269(c)(2).
3.311(a)(2) (introduction).............  5.269(c)(1) (introduction last
                                          sentence) 5.269(d)(1).
3.311(a)(2)(i).........................  5.269(c)(1)(i).
3.311(a)(2)(ii)........................  5.269(c)(1)(ii).
3.311(a)(2)(iii).......................  5.269(c)(1)(iii), 5.269(e)(1).
3.311(a)(3)............................  5.269(e)(2)(ii).
3.311(a)(4)(i).........................  5.269(c)(4).
3.311(a)(4)(ii)........................  5.269(c)(3).
3.311(b)(1)............................  5.269(a) (except first
                                          sentence).
3.311(b)(2) (introduction).............  5.269(b) (introduction).
3.311(b)(2)(i)-(xxiv)..................  5.269(b)(1).
3.311(b)(3)............................  5.269(b)(2).
3.311(b)(4)............................  5.269(b)(3).
3.311(b)(5)............................  5.269(b)(1).
3.311(c)(1) (introduction).............  5.269(e)(1) (introduction first
                                          sentence), 5.269(f)(1).
3.311(c)(1)(i).........................  5.269(f)(1) (introduction
                                          second and last sentence).
3.311(c)(1)(ii)........................  5.269(f)(3).
3.311(c)(2)............................  5.269(f)(4) (introduction first
                                          sentence).
3.311(c)(3)............................  5.269(f)(2).
3.311(d)(1)............................  5.269(f)(4) (introduction
                                          second and third sentences).
3.311(d)(2)............................  5.269(f)(4)(i)-(vi).
3.311(d)(3)............................  5.269(f)(5), 5.269(f)(6).
3.311(e)...............................  5.269(f)(1)(i)-(vi).
3.311(f)...............................  5.269(g).
3.311(g)...............................  5.269(h).
3.312..................................  5.504.
3.313..................................  5.263.
3.314..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.315(a)...............................  5.220(b)(1).
3.315(b)...............................  5.368.
3.315(c)...............................  5.368.
3.316(a)...............................  5.267.
3.316(b)...............................  5.260(c).
3.317(a)...............................  5.266(a)-(c) (except (c)(3)).
3.317(b)...............................  5.266(c)(3).
3.317(c)...............................  5.271(a)-(c).
3.317(d)...............................  5.271(d).
3.317 Table............................  5.271 Table.
3.317(e)(1)............................  5.266(d)(1).
3.317(e)(2)............................  5.266(d)(2); 5.271(c)(2)(ii).
3.318..................................  5.270.
3.321(a)...............................  5.280(a).
3.321(b)(1)............................  5.280(b)(1).
3.321(b)(2)............................  5.380(c)(5).
3.321(b)(3)............................  5.280(b)(3).
3.321(c)...............................  5.280(c).
3.322..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.323(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.

[[Page 71334]]

 
3.323(a)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.323(b)...............................  5.380(a).
3.324..................................  5.281.
3.326 (introduction)...................  5.91(a).
3.326(a) (first and second sentences)..  5.103(a) (first sentence).
3.326(b)...............................  5.91(a), 5.141(f).
3.326(c)...............................  5.91(a).
3.327(a)...............................  5.102(a), 5.102(b), 5.103(a)
                                          (second sentence).
3.327(b)(1) (first sentence)...........  5.102(c)(3).
3.327(b)(1) (second sentence)..........  5.102(c)(1).
3.327(b)(2)............................  5.102(c)(2).
3.327(c)...............................  5.102(d).
3.328..................................  5.92.
3.329..................................  Reserved.
3.330..................................  5.103(e).
3.331-3.339............................  Reserved.
3.340..................................  5.283.
3.341..................................  5.284.
3.342(a)...............................  5.380(a).
3.342(b), except (b)(5)................  5.380(c).
3.342(b)(5)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.342(c)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.343(a)...............................  5.285(a).
3.343(b)...............................  5.347.
3.343(c)...............................  5.285(b).
3.344(a) (first sentence)..............  5.171(a).
3.344(a) (second sentence).............  5.171(d)(5)(i),
                                          5.171(d)(5)(ii).
3.344(a) (third sentence)..............  5.171(d)(5)(iii).
3.344(a) (fourth sentence).............  5.171(d)(1).
3.344(a) (fifth sentence)..............  5.171(d)(2) (first sentence).
3.344(a) (sixth sentence)..............  5.171(d)(2) (second sentence).
3.344(a) (seventh sentence)............  5.171(c)(2).
3.344(a) (eighth sentence).............  No part 5 provision.
3.344(a) (ninth sentence)..............  5.171(d)(6) (first and second
                                          sentences).
3.344(a) (last sentence)...............  5.171(d)(6) (last sentence).
3.344(b)...............................  5.171(e).
3.344(c) (first sentence)..............  5.171(b).
3.344(c) (second sentence).............  No part 5 provision.
3.344(c) (last sentence)...............  5.171(c)(1).
3.350 (introduction)...................  5.322(a)(1) (introduction).
3.350(a) (introduction first sentence).  5.323(a).
3.350(a) (introduction second sentence)  5.323(b)(1).
3.350(a) (introduction third sentence).  5.323(b)(2)(i).
3.350(a) (introduction last sentence)..  5.240(b) (second sentence),
                                          5.323(b)(3).
3.350(a)(1)(i).........................  5.323(c)(2), 5.232(c)(3).
3.350(a)(1)(ii)........................  No part 5 provision.
3.350(a)(1)(iii).......................  5.323(c)(6).
3.350(a)(1)(iv)........................  5.323(c)(7).
3.350(a)(2)(i).........................  5.322(b), 5.322(c)
                                          (introduction).
3.350(a)(2)(i)(a)......................  5.322(c)(1)-(3).
3.350(a)(2)(i)(b)......................  5.322(c)(4).
3.350(a)(3)(i).........................  5.323(d)(1).
3.350(a)(3)(ii)........................  5.323(d)(2).
3.350(a)(4)............................  5.322(g).
3.350(a)(5)............................  5.323(e).
3.350(a)(6)............................  5.323(f).
3.350(b) (introduction)................  5.324 (introduction), 5.324(a)-
                                          (e).
3.350(b)(1)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.350(b)(2) (except second sentence)...  5.324(c).
3.350(b)(2) (second sentence)..........  5.322(f).
3.350(b)(3)............................  5.324(e).
3.350(b)(4) (first sentence)...........  5.324(d).
3.350(c)(1) (introduction).............  5.326 (introduction).
3.350(c)(1)(i).........................  5.326(a).
3.350(c)(1)(ii)........................  5.326(b).
3.350(c)(1)(iii).......................  5.326(e).
3.350(c)(1)(iv)........................  5.326(g).
3.350(c)(1)(v).........................  5.326(i).
3.350(c)(2)............................  5.322(d).

[[Page 71335]]

 
3.350(c)(3)............................  5.326(i).
3.350(d) (introduction) (first           5.328 (introduction).
 sentence).
3.350(d) (introduction) (except first    5.322(e)(1), 5.322(e)(2).
 sentence).
3.350(d)(1)............................  5.328(a).
3.350(d)(2)............................  5.328(c).
3.350(d)(3)............................  5.328(d).
3.350(d)(4)............................  5.328(e).
3.350(e)(1)............................  5.330 (introduction).
3.350(e)(1)(i).........................  5.330(a).
3.350(e)(1)(ii)........................  5.330(e) (introduction).
3.350(e)(1)(iii).......................  5.330(b).
3.350(e)(1)(iv)........................  5.330(c).
3.350(e)(2)............................  5.330(d).
3.350(e)(3) (first sentence)...........  5.330(e)(1).
3.350(e)(3) (last sentence)............  5.330(e)(2).
3.350(e)(3) ( second through fourth      No part 5 provision.
 sentences).
3.350(e)(4)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.350(f)...............................  5.325 (introduction), 5.327
                                          (introduction), 5.329,
                                          5.331(a).
3.350(f)(1)(i).........................  5.325(a).
3.350(f)(1)(ii)........................  5.326(c).
3.350(f)(1)(iii).......................  5.325(b).
3.350(f)(1)(iv)........................  5.326(d).
3.350(f)(1)(v).........................  5.327(b).
3.350(f)(1)(vi)........................  5.325(c).
3.350(f)(1)(vii).......................  5.327(c).
3.350(f)(1)(viii)......................  5.326(f).
3.350(f)(1)(ix)........................  5.327(d).
3.350(f)(1)(x).........................  5.327(a).
3.350(f)(1)(xi)........................  5.328(b).
3.350(f)(1)(xii).......................  5.329.
3.350(f)(2) (introduction).............  No part 5 provision.
3.350(f)(2)(i).........................  5.325(d).
3.350(f)(2)(ii)........................  5.326(h).
3.350(f)(2)(iii).......................  5.327(e).
3.350(f)(2)(iv)........................  5.331(b)(1).
3.350(f)(2)(v).........................  5.331(b)(2).
3.350(f)(2)(vi)........................  5.331(b)(3).
3.350(f)(2)(vii).......................  5.331(c).
3.350(f)(3)............................  5.331(d).
3.350(f)(4) (introduction).............  5.331(e)(1).
3.350(f)(4)(i).........................  5.331(d)(2), 5.331(e)(2).
3.350(f)(4)(ii)........................  5.331(e)(3).
3.350(f)(5)............................  5.331(f).
3.350(g) (introduction)................  5.346(b)(1)(i).
3.350(g)(1)............................  5.346(b)(1)(i).
3.350(g)(2)............................  5.346(b)(2).
3.350(h)(1) (first and second            5.332(b)(1), 5.332(b)(2),
 sentences).                              5.332(b)(3).
3.350(h)(1) (last sentence)............  5.332(a).
3.350(h)(2)............................  5.332(a), 5.332(c)(1)(i),
                                          5.322(c)(1)(ii),
                                          5.332(c)(1)(v).
3.350(h)(3) (first and second            5.332(b) (introduction),
 sentences).                              5.332(c)(1) (introduction).
3.350(h)(3) (last sentence)............  5.332(c)(1) (introduction).
3.350(i) (introduction)................  5.333 (introduction).
3.350(i)(1)............................  5.333(a).
3.350(i)(2)............................  5.333(b).
3.351(a)(1)............................  5.390 (introduction), 5.391
                                          (introduction).
3.351(a)(2)............................  5.321(a).
3.351(a)(3)............................  5.511(a).
3.351(a)(4)............................  5.511(c).
3.351(a)(5)............................  5.390 (introduction), 5.391
                                          (introduction).
3.351(a)(6)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.351(b)...............................  5.511(a).
3.351(c) (introduction)................  5.390 (introduction), 5.321(b)
                                          (introduction).
3.351(c)(1)............................  5.321(b)(1), 5.321(b)(2),
                                          5.511(b).
3.351(c)(2)............................  5.321(b)(3), 5.511(b)(3).
3.351(c)(3)............................  5.321(c), 5.511(a).
3.351(d)...............................  5.391(a).
3.351(e)...............................  5.511(c).
3.351(f)...............................  5.370, 5.391(b).
3.352(a) (first, sixth, and seventh      5.320(a).
 sentences).

[[Page 71336]]

 
3.352(a) (second through fourth          5.320(b).
 sentences).
3.352(a) (fifth sentence)..............  5.320 (introduction).
3.352(a) (eighth and last sentences)...  No part 5 provision.
3.352(b)(1) (introduction).............  5.332(c) (introduction).
3.352(b)(1)(i).........................  5.332(c)(1)(i).
3.352(b)(1)(ii)........................  5.332(c)(1)(ii).
3.352(b)(1)(iii).......................  5.332(c)(1)(iii),
                                          5.332(c)(1)(iv).
3.352(b)(2) (first sentence)...........  5.332(c)(2).
3.352(b)(2) (second sentence)..........  5.332(c)(3).
3.352(b)(2) (third sentence)...........  5.332(c)(4).
3.352(b)(3)............................  5.332(c)(5).
3.352(b)(4)............................  5.332(c)(6).
3.352(b)(5)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.352(c)...............................  5.320(a) (introduction).
3.353..................................  5.790.
3.354(a)...............................  5.1 definition of ``Insanity''.
3.354(b)...............................  5.33.
3.355..................................  5.797.
3.356(a)...............................  5.227(a).
3.356(b) (introduction first sentence).  5.220 (introduction), 5.220(b)
                                          (introduction), 5.220(b)(1).
3.356(b) (introduction second sentence)  5.227(c)(2)(i).
3.356(b) (introduction third sentence).  5.227(b)(2)(ii).
3.356(b)(1)............................  5.227(b)(1)(i).
3.356(b)(2) (first sentence)...........  5.227(d)(3).
3.356(b)(2) (last sentence)............  5.227(b)(1)(ii).
3.356(b)(3) (except last sentence).....  5.227(b)(2)(i), 5.227(c)(1).
3.356(b)(3) (last sentence)............  5.227(b)(1)(iv).
3.356(b)(4)............................  5.227(b)(1)(iii).
3.357..................................  5.367.
3.358..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.359..................................  5.363.
3.360(a)...............................  5.361(a).
3.360(b)...............................  5.361(c).
3.360(c)...............................  5.361(b).
3.361 (except 3.361(a))................  5.350.
3.361(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.362 (except 3.362(a))................  5.352.
3.362(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.363 (except 3.363(a))................  5.353.
3.363(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.370..................................  5.340.
3.371..................................  5.341.
3.372..................................  5.342.
3.373..................................  Reserved.
3.374..................................  5.343.
3.375..................................  5.344.
3.376..................................  Reserved.
3.377..................................  Reserved.
3.378..................................  5.345.
3.379..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.380..................................  5.251(e).
3.381(a)...............................  5.360(a)(2).
3.381(b) (first sentence)..............  5.360(b).
3.381(b) (second sentence).............  5.360(c)(3).
3.381(c)...............................  5.360(b)(2).
3.381(d) (first sentence)..............  5.360(b) (introduction);
                                          5.360(b)(1).
3.381(d) (last sentence)...............  5.360(d) (introduction).
3.381(e) (introduction)................  No part 5 provision.
3.381(e)(1)............................  5.360(d)(1).
3.381(e)(2)............................  5.360(d)(2).
3.381(e)(3)............................  5.360(d)(3).
3.381(e)(4)............................  5.360(d)(4).
3.381(e)(5)............................  5.360(e)(1).
3.381(e)(6)............................  5.360(e)(2).
3.381(f) (introduction)................  5.360(e) (introduction).
3.381(f)(1)............................  5.360(e)(3).
3.381(f)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.381(f)(3)............................  5.360(d)(5).
3.381(f)(4)............................  5.360(d)(6).

[[Page 71337]]

 
3.381(g)...............................  5.360(d)(7).
3.383(a) (introduction)................  5.282(a).
3.383(a)(1)-(5)........................  5.282(b).
3.383(b)(1)............................  5.282(c)(1), 5.282(c)(2).
3.383(b)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.383(c)...............................  5.282(c)(3).
3.383(d)...............................  5.282(c)(4).
3.384..................................  5.1 definition of
                                          ``Psychosis''.
3.385..................................  5.366.
3.400 (introduction)...................  5.150(a), 5.383(a)(1).
3.400(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(b)(1) (introduction).............  5.383(a).
3.400(b)(1)(i).........................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(b)(1)(ii)(A).....................  5.383(a)(1).
3.400(b)(1)(ii)(B).....................  5.383(c).
3.400(b)(2)............................  5.311.
3.400(c)(1)............................  5.431(b), 5.538(a).
3.400(c)(2)............................  5.538(b).
3.400(c)(3)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(c)(4)(i).........................  5.538(c).
3.400(c)(4)(ii)........................  5.538(d).
3.400(c)(4)(iii).......................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(d)...............................  Reserved.
3.400(e) (introduction)................  5.782(b)(1).
3.400(e)(1)............................  5.782(a).
3.400(e)(2)............................  5.782(b)(3).
3.400(f)...............................  5.752.
3.400(g)...............................  5.34(d), 5.35(e), 5.591(a)(4).
3.400(h)(1)............................  5.150(a), 5.166.
3.400(h)(2)............................  5.55.
3.400(h)(3)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(h)(4)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(i)...............................  5.351.
3.400(j)(1)............................  5.743(a).
3.400(j)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(j)(3)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(j)(4)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(j)(5)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(j)(6)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(k)...............................  5.167.
3.400(l)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(m)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(n)...............................  5.791(e).
3.400(o)(1) (first sentence)...........  5.150(a).
3.400(o)(1) (second sentence)..........  5.150(b).
3.400(o)(2)............................  5.312(b).
3.400(p)...............................  5.152.
3.400(q)(1)............................  5.153.
3.400(q)(2)............................  5.55(e).
3.400(r)...............................  5.55.
3.400(s)...............................  5.683(e)(1)(ii).
3.400(t)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.400(u)...............................  5.235(b).
3.400(v)...............................  5.205.
3.400(w)...............................  5.203(b)(3).
3.400(x)...............................  5.790(f)(1).
3.400(y)...............................  5.790(f)(2).
3.400(z)...............................  5.27(c).
3.401(a)(1)............................  5.335, 5.392.
3.401(a)(2)............................  5.720(f), 5.724(d).
3.401(a)(3)............................  5.336(a)(1), 5.336(a)(2).
3.401(b)(1)(i).........................  5.183(b)(1), 5.183(b)(2),
                                          5.183(b)(3).
3.401(b)(1)(ii)........................  5.183(a)(1).
3.401(b)(2)............................  5.183(a)(2).
3.401(b)(3)............................  5.183(b)(4).
3.401(b)(4)............................  5.183(b)(5).
3.401(c)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.401(d)...............................  5.792(e).
3.401(e)...............................  5.745(e).

[[Page 71338]]

 
3.401(f)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.401(g)...............................  5.346(b)(1)(ii).
3.401(h)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.401(i)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.402 (introduction)...................  No part 5 provision.
3.402(a)...............................  5.538(e).
3.402(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.402(c)...............................  5.545(a).
3.402(c)(1)............................  5.392.
3.402(c)(2)............................  5.545(c).
3.403(a) (introduction)................  5.234(a)(1).
3.403(a)(1)............................  5.234(b).
3.403(a)(2)............................  5.793.
3.403(a)(3)............................  5.230.
3.403(a)(4)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.403(a)(5)............................  5.183(b)(3).
3.403(b)...............................  5.591(a) (introduction),
                                          5.591(a)(1), 5.591(a)(3).
3.403(c)...............................  5.591(a) (introduction),
                                          5.591(a)(2), 5.591(a)(3).
3.404..................................  5.545(a), 5.545(c).
3.405..................................  5.614.
3.450 (except 3.450(a)(1)(ii),           5.770.
 3.450(f), (g)).
3.450(a)(1)(ii)........................  5.780(a).
3.450(f)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.450(g)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.451..................................  5.771.
3.452..................................  5.772.
3.453..................................  5.773.
3.454(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.454(b) (except (b)(2))...............  5.772(c).
3.458..................................  5.774.
3.459..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.460 (second sentence of introduction)  No part 5 provision.
3.460(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.460(b)...............................  5.780(b)(1).
3.460(c)...............................  5.780(b)(2).
3.461(a)...............................  5.781(a).
3.461(b)(1)............................  5.781(b).
3.461(b)(1) (last sentence)............  No part 5 provision.
3.461(b)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.461(b)(3)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500 (introduction)...................  5.705(a).
3.500(a)...............................  5.591(b) (introduction),
                                          5.705(a).
3.500(b) (introduction)................  5.167(a).
3.500(b)(1)............................  5.167(b).
3.500(b)(2)............................  5.167(c).
3.500(c)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(d)(1)............................  5.783(a).
3.500(d)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(e) (first sentence)..............  5.743(b).
3.500(e) (second sentence).............  5.750(a)(1), 5.751(a)(1).
3.500(e) (third sentence)..............  5.750(b)(1) (last sentence),
                                          5.751(e)(1) (last sentence).
3.500(f)...............................  5.433(b)(2), 5.434(a)(1)(ii),
                                          5.434(a)(2), 5.434(a)(3),
                                          5.434(b)(1)(ii),
                                          5.434(b)(2)(ii).
3.500(g)(1)............................  5.694, 5.783(b)(1).
3.500(g)(2)(i).........................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(g)(2)(ii)........................  5.184(a), 5.314(d),
                                          5.783(b)(2).
3.500(g)(3)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(h)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(i)...............................  5.743(b).
3.500(j)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(k)...............................  5.681(b)(1).
3.500(l)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(m)...............................  5.791(e).
3.500(n)(1)............................  5.197(a), 5.783(b)(1).
3.500(n)(2)(i).........................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(n)(2)(ii)........................  5.197(b), 5.314(c),
                                          5.783(b)(2).
3.500(n)(3)............................  5.203(b)(2).
3.500(o)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(p)...............................  5.618(b).

[[Page 71339]]

 
3.500(q)...............................  5.683(c).
3.500(r)...............................  5.177(c), 5.177(d), 5.177(e),
                                          5.177(g), 5.591(b)(5).
3.500(s)(1)............................  5.681(b)(2).
3.500(s)(2)............................  5.681(b)(3).
3.500(t)...............................  5.712.
3.500(u)...............................  5.152.
3.500(v)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.500(w)...............................  5.101(c).
3.500(x)...............................  5.743(b), 5.754(d).
3.500(y)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.501 (introduction)...................  5.705(a).
3.501(a)...............................  5.746(c).
3.501(b)(1)............................  5.720(b) (introduction third
                                          sentence), 5.724(a)(2),
                                          5.728(a)(2).
3.501(b)(2)............................  5.720(b) (introduction third
                                          sentence).
3.501(b)(3)............................  5.336(b).
3.501(c)...............................  5.711(d)(1).
3.501(d)(1)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.501(d)(2)............................  5.184(a), 5.477(a)
                                          (introduction), 5.477(a)(1).
3.501(e)(1)............................  5.177(f).
3.501(e)(2)............................  5.177(e).
3.501(f)...............................  5.313(c).
3.501(g)(1)............................  5.177(f).
3.501(g)(2)............................  5.177(e).
3.501(h)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.501(i)(1)............................  5.727(a)(4)(i) (first
                                          sentence).
3.501(i)(2)(i).........................  5.726(a)(4).
3.501(i)(2)(ii)........................  No part 5 provision.
3.501(i)(2)(iii).......................  5.726(d)(1).
3.501(i)(3)............................  5.724(c).
3.501(i)(4)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.501(i)(5)(i).........................  5.722(a)(3).
3.501(i)(5)(ii)........................  5.722(d)(1).
3.501(i)(6)............................  5.723 (except 5.723(d)).
3.501(j)...............................  5.792(f).
3.501(k)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.501(m)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.501(n)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.502..................................  5.477(b).
3.502 (introduction)...................  5.541, 5.705(a).
3.502(a)(1)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.502(a)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.502(b)...............................  5.541.
3.502(c)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.502(d)...............................  5.197.
3.502(e)(1)............................  5.545(b)(1).
3.502(e)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.502(f)(1)............................  5.723(b).
3.502(f)(2)............................  5.723(c).
3.503(a) (introduction)................  5.705(a).
3.503(a)(1)............................  5.231.
3.503(a)(2)............................  5.774(e)(2).
3.503(a)(3)(i).........................  5.234(c)(1).
3.503(a)(3)(ii)........................  5.234(c)(2).
3.503(a)(4)............................  5.197.
3.503(a)(5)............................  5.696(g).
3.503(a)(6)............................  5.233.
3.503(a)(7)............................  5.762(c).
3.503(a)(8)............................  5.764(a)(3) (first sentence).
3.503(a)(9)............................  5.434.
3.503(a)(10)...........................  5.232.
3.503(b)...............................  5.591(b)(3).
3.504..................................  5.545(b)(1).
3.505..................................  5.618(c).
3.551(a)...............................  5.720(a), 5.722(b)(1),
                                          5.726(a)(1), 5.726(b)(1),
                                          5.727(b)(1).
3.551(b)(1)............................  5.727(a)(1), 5.727(a)(3)(i),
                                          5.727(a)(4)(i).
3.551(b)(2)............................  5.727(c)(1).
3.551(b)(3)............................  5.727(a)(4)(ii), 5.727(c)(2).
3.551(c)(1)............................  5.726(a)(1), 5.726(a)(3),
                                          5.726(a)(4).
3.551(c)(2)............................  5.726(d)(1).

[[Page 71340]]

 
3.551(c)(3)............................  5.726(c).
3.551(d)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.551(e)...............................  5.722(g).
3.551(e)(1)............................  5.722(a)(1), 5.722(a)(2),
                                          5.722(a)(3).
3.551(e)(2)............................  5.722(d)(1).
3.551(e)(3)............................  5.722(c).
3.551(e)(4)............................  5.722(e).
3.551(e)(5)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.551(e)(6)............................  5.722(b)(4).
3.551(f)...............................  5.726(a)(5).
3.551(g)...............................  5.726(a)(2), 5.727(a)(2).
3.551(h)...............................  5.722(f).
3.551(i)...............................  5.723.
3.552(a)(1)............................  5.720(b), 5.720(d), 5.724(b).
3.552(a)(2)............................  5.720(d), 5.724(b).
3.552(a)(3) (first sentence)...........  5.720(c)(5).
3.552(a)(3) (second sentence)..........  5.720(c)(6).
3.552(b)(1)............................  5.720(b), 5.724(a), 5.728(a).
3.552(b)(2)............................  5.720(b), 5.720(c)(1).
3.552(b)(3)............................  5.720(a), 5.720(e), 5.724(c),
                                          5.728(c).
3.552(c)...............................  5.720(b)(1).
3.552(d)...............................  5.720(c)(2).
3.552(e)...............................  5.728(a), 5.728(b).
3.552(e) (third and fourth sentences)..  5.724(a).
3.552(f)...............................  5.720(c)(3).
3.552(g)...............................  5.720(c)(3).
3.552(h)...............................  5.720(c)(4).
3.552(i)...............................  5.720(c)(2).
3.552(j)...............................  5.728(a).
3.552(k)...............................  5.720(f), 5.724(d).
3.552(k)(1)............................  5.726(e)(1).
3.552(k)(2)............................  5.726(e)(2).
3.552(k)(3)............................  5.726(e)(2).
3.553..................................  Reserved.
3.554..................................  Reserved.
3.555..................................  Reserved.
3.556(a)...............................  5.720(a), 5.729(a).
3.556(a)(1)............................  5.730(a).
3.556(b)...............................  5.729(b), 5.730(b).
3.556(c)...............................  5.729(c).
3.556(d)...............................  5.730(d).
3.556(d) (first sentence)..............  5.729(d).
3.556(d) (third and fourth sentences)..  5.729(b).
3.556(e)...............................  5.729(d), 5.730(c).
3.556(f)...............................  5.720(a).
3.557..................................  Reserved.
3.558..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.559..................................  Reserved.
3.650(a) (introduction)................  5.544(a).
3.650(a) (last paragraph)..............  5.544(d).
3.650(a)(1)............................  5.544(b)(1).
3.650(a)(2)............................  5.544(b)(2).
3.650(b)...............................  5.544(c).
3.650(c)(1)............................  5.524(a)(1), 5.524(b),
                                          5.524(c).
3.650(c)(2)............................  5.524(a), except for (a)(1).
3.650(c)(3)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.651(a)...............................  5.710(a).
3.651(b)...............................  5.710(b).
3.651(c)...............................  5.710(c).
3.652(a)...............................  5.104(a).
3.652(a)(1)............................  5.104(b), 5.104(c).
3.652(a)(2)............................  5.104(c).
3.652(b)...............................  5.104(d).
3.653(a)...............................  5.713(a), 5.713(b)(1).
3.653(b)...............................  5.715(b) (introduction),
                                          5.715(b)(1)(iii), 5.715(c),
                                          5.715(d).
3.653(c)...............................  5.714(c), 5.714(d).
3.653(c)(1)............................  5.714(b), 5.714(e).
3.653(c)(2)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.653(c)(3)............................  5.715(b)(2), 5.715(d).

[[Page 71341]]

 
3.653(d)...............................  5.715(e).
3.654(a) (first sentence)..............  5.746(b).
3.654(a) (second sentence).............  5.746(a).
3.654(b)(1)............................  5.746(c).
3.654(b)(2) (first sentence)...........  5.746(d)(1).
3.654(b)(2) (second sentence)..........  5.746(d)(4).
3.654(b)(2) (third and fourth            5.746(d)(2)(ii).
 sentences).
3.654(b)(2) (last sentence)............  5.746(d)(5).
3.654(c)...............................  5.746(e).
3.655(a) (first sentence)..............  5.103(b) (introduction).
3.655(a) (second sentence).............  5.103(f) (except last
                                          sentence).
3.655(a) (last sentence)...............  No part 5 provision.
3.655(b)...............................  5.103(b)(1), 5.103(b)(2).
3.655(c)(1) (first sentence)...........  5.103(c), 5.103(d)(1).
3.655(c)(1) (second sentence)..........  5.103(d)(1).
3.655(c)(1) (last sentence)............  5.103(d)(2).
3.655(c)(2)............................  5.103(d)(3).
3.655(c)(3)............................  5.103(d)(2), 5.103(d)(5).
3.655(c)(4)............................  5.103(d)(4).
3.656(a)...............................  5.693(c)(9), 5.711(a),
                                          5.711(b).
3.656(b)...............................  5.711(d)(1).
3.656(c)...............................  5.711(d)(2).
3.656(d)...............................  5.693(c)(9), 5.711(c).
3.657 (introduction)...................  5.433(a), 5.539(a), 5.540(a).
3.657(a) (introduction)................  5.433(b)(1), 5.422(b)(2),
                                          5.539(b)(1), 5.539(b)(2).
3.657(a)(1)............................  5.433(b)(1), 5.539(b)(1).
3.657(a)(2)............................  5.433(b)(2), 5.539(b)(2).
3.657(b)...............................  5.434.
3.657(b)(1)............................  5.540(b).
3.657(b)(2)............................  5.540(c)(1), 5.540(c)(2).
3.658(a)...............................  5.750(a)(1).
3.658(b)...............................  5.761.
3.659..................................  5.762(c).
3.659(b)...............................  5.764(a)(3) (second sentence).
3.660(a)(1)............................  5.182(a), 5.300(d), 5.709(a).
3.660(a)(2)............................  5.314(b), 5.314(c), 5.314(d),
                                          5.422(a)(2), 5.477(a).
3.660(a)(2) (last sentence )...........  5.184(a).
3.660(a)(2) (second sentence)..........  5.543(a).
3.660(a)(2)............................  5.415.
3.660(a)(3)............................  5.543(b).
3.660(b)...............................  5.422(b), 5.424(a), 5.424(b),
                                          5.424(c).
3.660(b) (introduction)................  5.535, 5.542(a).
3.660(b)(1)............................  5.535, 5.478(b), 5.542(a).
3.660(b)(2)............................  5.542(b).
3.660(c)...............................  5.422(b).
3.660(c) (first sentence)..............  5.183(b)(1), 5.183(b)(2),
                                          5.183(b)(3).
3.660(c) (second sentence).............  5.183(a).
3.660(d)...............................  5.315, 5.415.
3.661(a)(1)............................  5.708(d).
3.661(a)(2)............................  5.708(d).
3.661(b)(1)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.661(b)(2)(i).........................  5.708(e)(3).
3.661(b)(2)(ii)........................  5.708(g).
3.661(b)(2)(iii).......................  5.708(f).
3.662..................................  Reserved.
3.663..................................  Reserved.
3.664..................................  Reserved.
3.665(a)...............................  5.810(c), 5.810(e), 5.810(f),
                                          5.811(a), 5.812(a),
                                          5.814(a)(1).
3.665(b)...............................  5.810(a).
3.665(c)...............................  5.811(a), 5.812(a).
3.665(d)(1)............................  5.811(c).
3.665(d)(2)............................  5.811(c).
3.665(d)(3)............................  5.812(b).
3.665(e)...............................  5.814(b).
3.665(f)...............................  5.782(b)(4), 5.814(e).
3.665(g)...............................  5.810(c).
3.665(h)...............................  5.814(a)(2).
3.665(i)...............................  5.815(a).
3.665(i)(1)............................  5.815(b).

[[Page 71342]]

 
3.665(i)(2)............................  5.815(c).
3.665(i)(3)............................  5.815(b), 5.815(c).
3.665(j)...............................  5.811(c).
3.665(j)(3)(ii)........................  5.811(b).
3.665(k)...............................  5.811(b), 5.812(d).
3.665(l)...............................  5.812(c).
3.665(m)...............................  5.815(d).
3.665(n)(1)............................  5.817(a).
3.665(n)(2)............................  5.817(b).
3.665(n)(3)............................  5.817(b).
3.665(n)(4)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.666 (introduction)...................  5.810(c), 5.810(e), 5.810(f),
                                          5.813(a).
3.666(a)...............................  5.782(c).
3.666(a)(1)............................  5.814(c).
3.666(a)(2)............................  5.814(c).
3.666(a)(3)............................  5.814(c).
3.666(a)(4)............................  5.814(e).
3.666(b)(1)............................  5.814(d).
3.666(b)(2)............................  5.814(d).
3.666(b)(3)............................  5.814(e).
3.666(b)(4)............................  5.814(d).
3.666(c)...............................  5.816.
3.666(d)...............................  5.813(b).
3.666(e)(1)............................  5.817(a).
3.666(e)(2)............................  5.817(b).
3.666(e)(3)............................  5.817(b).
3.666(e)(4)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.667(a)(1)............................  5.696(b).
3.667(a)(2)............................  5.696(b).
3.667(a)(3)............................  5.696(c).
3.667(a)(4)............................  5.696(c).
3.667(a)(5)............................  5.696(c), 5.696(d).
3.667(b)...............................  5.696(f).
3.667(c)...............................  5.696(g).
3.667(d)...............................  5.696(h).
3.667(e)...............................  5.551(a).
3.667(f)...............................  5.696(i).
3.668..................................  Reserved.
3.669(a)...............................  5.676(b)(5), 5.677(b)(5),
                                          5.678(b)(2)(i), 5.681(a)(1).
3.669(b)...............................  5.681(a)(2).
3.669(b)(1)............................  5.676(b)(5).
3.669(b)(1) (last sentence)............  5.681(b)(1).
3.669(b)(2)............................  5.677(b)(5).
3.669(b)(2) (last sentence)............  5.681(b)(2).
3.669(c) (first sentence)..............  5.678(b)(2)(ii).
3.669(c) (last sentence)...............  5.681(b)(3).
3.669(d)(1)............................  5.676(c)(1), 5.677(c)(1),
                                          5.682(b), 5.682(c).
3.669(d)(2)............................  5.682(d).
3.700 (introduction)...................  5.756.
3.700(a)(1)(i).........................  5.746(b).
3.700(a)(1)(ii)........................  5.24(c)(3), 5.746(a).
3.700(a)(1)(iii).......................  5.746(e).
3.700(a)(2)(i).........................  No part 5 provision.
3.700(a)(2)(ii)........................  No part 5 provision.
3.700(a)(2)(iii) (first sentence)......  5.747(a)(1).
3.700(a)(2)(iii).......................  5.747(d).
3.700(a)(2)(iv)........................  5.747(a)(2).
3.700(a)(3)............................  5.747(b), 5.747(d).
3.700(a)(4)............................  5.464.
3.700(a)(5)(i).........................  5.747(d).
3.700(a)(5)(i) (first sentence)........  5.747(c)(1).
3.700(a)(5)(ii)........................  5.747(c)(2).
3.700(b)(1)............................  5.761.
3.700(b)(2)............................  5.762(a), 5.762(b).
3.700(b)(3)............................  5.765.
3.701(a) (first and fourth sentences)..  5.757(e)(1).
3.701(a) (first and third sentences)...  5.757(d).
3.701(a) (first and second sentences)..  5.757(a), 5.757(b).
3.701(a) (fifth sentence)..............  5.757(e)(3), 5.758(d).

[[Page 71343]]

 
3.701(a) (sixth and seventh sentences).  No part 5 provision.
3.701(a)...............................  5.757(c).
3.701(b)...............................  5.740(a).
3.701(c)...............................  5.757(f).
3.702(a)...............................  5.759(a)(1)(i), 5.759(a)(2).
3.702(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.702(c)...............................  5.759(b).
3.702(d)(1)............................  5.759(a)(1)(ii).
3.702(d)(1) (second sentence)..........  5.742(a), 5.742(c).
3.702(d)(2)............................  5.760.
3.702(e)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.702(f)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.703..................................  5.762(c).
3.703(c)...............................  5.764(a).
3.704(a)...............................  5.763.
3.704(b)...............................  5.536(h).
3.705..................................  Reserved.
3.706..................................  Reserved.
3.707..................................  5.764(b), 5.764(c), 5.764(d).
3.707(a)...............................  5.764(a).
3.708(a)(1)............................  5.750(a)(1).
3.708(a)(2)............................  5.750(a)(2).
3.708(a)(3)............................  5.750(b), 5.751(e).
3.708(a)(4)............................  5.750(a)(1).
3.708(b)(1) (first sentence)...........  5.751(a)(1).
3.708(b)(1) (second and third            5.751(c).
 sentences, excluding intervening cross
 reference).
3.708(b)(1) (second sentence)..........  5.751(a)(2).
3.708(b)(1) (last sentence)............  5.751(e).
3.708(b)(2)............................  5.751(b).
3.710..................................  5.753.
3.711..................................  5.461(a), 5.461(b), 5.461(c).
3.711 (first sentence).................  5.758(a).
3.711 (second sentence)................  5.742(a).
3.711 (last sentence)..................  5.758(b).
3.712(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.712(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.713(a)...............................  5.463.
3.713(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.714..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.715..................................  5.754(b), 5.754(c).
3.750..................................  5.745.
3.750(d)(2)............................  5.740(d).
3.751..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.752..................................  Reserved.
3.753..................................  5.748.
3.754..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.800..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.801(a)...............................  5.581(a), 5.581(b).
3.801(b)...............................  5.581(d).
3.801(c)(1)............................  5.581(f).
3.801(c)(2)............................  5.581(c)(1).
3.801(d)...............................  5.581(c)(2).
3.801(e)...............................  5.581(e)(1).
3.802(a)...............................  5.580(a).
3.802(b)...............................  5.580(b)(1), 5.580(b)(2),
                                          5.580(c), 5.580(d).
3.802(c)...............................  5.580(b)(3).
3.803..................................  5.582.
3.803(d)...............................  5.554.
3.804..................................  5.583.
3.805..................................  5.584.
3.806..................................  5.585.
3.807(a)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.807(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.807(c)...............................  5.586(b), 5.586(c).
3.807(d)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.808(a)...............................  5.603(c)(1).
3.808(b)...............................  5.603(c)(1), 5.603(c)(2).
3.808(c)...............................  5.603(d)(1), 5.603(e).

[[Page 71344]]

 
3.808(d)...............................  5.603(d)(3).
3.808(e)...............................  5.603(b)(1).
3.809..................................  5.604.
3.809a.................................  5.605.
3.810(a) (introduction)................  5.606(b), 5.606(c).
3.810(a)(1)............................  5.606(b)(1), 5.606(c)(1),
                                          5.606(c)(2).
3.810(a)(2)............................  5.606(b)(2), 5.606(b)(3),
                                          5.606(c)(1), 5.606(c)(2).
3.810(b)...............................  5.606(d).
3.810(c)(1)............................  5.606(e)(1).
3.810(c)(2)............................  5.606(e)(2).
3.810(d)...............................  5.606(f).
3.811..................................  5.587.
3.812..................................  5.588.
3.813..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.814..................................  5.589.
3.814(b)...............................  Reserved.
3.814(e) (introduction)................  5.591(a) (introduction).
3.814(e)(1)............................  5.591(a)(5).
3.814(e)(2)............................  5.591(a)(4).
3.814(f)...............................  5.591(b) (introduction).
3.814(f) (introduction)................  5.591(b)(4).
3.814(f)(1)............................  5.591(b)(1).
3.814(f)(2)............................  5.591(b)(2).
3.815(a)-(h)...........................  5.590.
3.815(i) (introduction)................  5.591(a) (introduction),
                                          5.591(a)(2), 5.591(a)(6).
3.815(i)...............................  5.591(a)(3).
3.815(i)(1)............................  5.591(a)(5).
3.815(i)(2)............................  5.591(a)(4).
3.815(j) (introduction)................  5.591(b)(4).
3.815(j)...............................  5.591(b) (introduction).
3.815(j)(1)............................  5.591(b)(1).
3.815(j)(2)............................  5.591(b)(2).
3.816..................................  5.592.
3.850(a)...............................  5.791(a).
3.850(b)...............................  5.791(c).
3.850(c)...............................  5.791(b).
3.850(d)...............................  5.791(d).
3.851..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.852(a)...............................  5.792(a).
3.852(b)...............................  5.792(b).
3.852(c)...............................  5.792(d).
3.852(d) (first sentence)..............  5.792(b).
3.852(d) (second sentence).............  5.792(c).
3.853(a), 3.853(b).....................  No part 5 provision.
3.853(c)...............................  5.798.
3.854..................................  5.793(a).
3.855..................................  5.794.
3.856..................................  5.795.
3.857..................................  5.796.
3.900(a)...............................  5.675(a).
3.900(b)(1)............................  No part 5 provision.
3.900(b)(2)............................  5.676(b), 5.676(c), 5.677(b),
                                          5.677(c), 5.678(b)(3).
3.900(c)...............................  5.675(b).
3.900(d)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.901(a)...............................  5.1 definition of ``Fraud,''
                                          5.676(a).
3.901(b)...............................  5.676(b)(2).
3.901(c)...............................  5.676(c)(2)(i).
3.901(d)...............................  5.676(b)(1).
3.901(d) (last sentence)...............  5.676(b)(3)(i).
3.901(e)...............................  5.680(c)(1), 5.680(c)(2).
3.902(a)...............................  5.677(a).
3.902(b)...............................  5.677(b)(2).
3.902(c)...............................  5.677(c)(2).
3.902(d)...............................  5.677(b)(1).
3.902(d) (last sentence)...............  5.677(b)(3)(i).
3.902(e)...............................  5.677(d).
3.903(a)(1)............................  5.678(a)(2).
3.903(a)(1)............................  5.678(a)(2).
3.903(a)(3)............................  5.678(a)(1).

[[Page 71345]]

 
3.903(a)(4)............................  5.678(a)(4).
3.903(a)(5)............................  5.678(a)(5).
3.903(b)(1)............................  5.678(b)(3)(i),
                                          5.678(b)(3)(ii),
                                          5.678(b)(3)(iv).
3.904(b) (last sentence)...............  5.677(b)(2).
3.903(b)(2)............................  5.678(b)(1).
3.903(c)...............................  5.682(a).
3.904(a)...............................  5.676(d).
3.904(b) (last sentence)...............  5.677(b)(3)(ii).
3.904(b)...............................  5.677(c)(2).
3.904(c) (first sentence)..............  5.678(b)(3)(iv).
3.904(c) (last sentence)...............  5.678(c)(2).
3.905(a)...............................  5.679(a), 5.680(a).
3.905(b)...............................  5.679(b), 5.679(c)(2).
3.905(c)...............................  5.679(c)(1).
3.905(d)...............................  5.679(d), 5.679(e).
3.905(e)...............................  5.680(c)(3).
3.950..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.951..................................  5.170(a).
3.951(a)...............................  5.173.
3.951(b) (first sentence)..............  5.172(a).
3.951(b) (second sentence).............  5.172(b).
3.951(b)...............................  5.170(b).
3.952..................................  No part 5 provision.
3.953(a)...............................  5.174(a).
3.953(b)...............................  No part 5 provision.
3.953(c)...............................  5.174(b).
3.954..................................  5.653.
3.955..................................  Reserved.
3.956..................................  Reserved.
3.957..................................  5.170(a), 5.170(b).
3.957 (first sentence).................  5.175(a)(1).
3.957 (last sentence)..................  5.175(a)(2).
3.958..................................  5.751(a)(2).
3.959..................................  5.346(a).
3.960(a)...............................  5.461(d), 5.474(a), 5.758(c).
3.960(b)...............................  5.470(a).
3.960(c)...............................  5.470(c).
3.960(d)...............................  5.470(b), 5.478(c).
3.1000(a) introductory text............  5.1 definition of ``Accrued
                                          benefits.''
3.1000(a)(1)...........................  5.551(b), 5.551(c).
3.1000(a)(2)...........................  5.551(d).
3.1000(a)(3)...........................  5.551(e).
3.1000(a)(4)...........................  5.551(e).
3.1000(a)(5)...........................  5.551(f).
3.1000(b)..............................  5.784.
3.1000(b)(1)...........................  5.784(b)(1).
3.1000(b)(2)...........................  5.784(a).
3.1000(b)(3)...........................  5.784(b)(2).
3.1000(c)..............................  5.552.
3.1000(c)(1)...........................  5.553.
3.1000(c)(2)...........................  5.551(g).
3.1000(d)(1)...........................  5.551(c), 5.566(d).
3.1000(d)(2)...........................  5.551(a), 5.551(e), 5.566(d).
3.1000(d)(3)...........................  5.551(a), 5.566(d).
3.1000(d)(4)...........................  5.1 definition of ``Evidence in
                                          the file on the date of
                                          death.''
3.1000(d)(5)...........................  5.1 definition of ``Evidence in
                                          the file on the date of
                                          death.''
3.1000(e)..............................  5.554.
3.1000(f)..............................  5.551(d), 5.554.
3.1000(g)..............................  5.554.
3.1000(h)..............................  5.554.
3.1001.................................  5.567.
3.1001(b)(1)...........................  No part 5 provision.
3.1002.................................  5.551(f).
3.1003 (introduction)..................  5.564(a)(1).
3.1003(a)..............................  5.564(a)(1).
3.1003(a)(1)...........................  5.564(a)(1).
3.1003(a)(2)...........................  5.564(b).
3.1003(b)..............................  5.564(a)(1).
3.1003(c)..............................  5.564(c).

[[Page 71346]]

 
3.1004.................................  Reserved.
3.1005.................................  Reserved.
3.1006.................................  Reserved.
3.1007.................................  5.568.
3.1008.................................  5.565(d)(2).
3.1009 (introduction)..................  5.566(a).
3.1009(a)..............................  5.566(d).
3.1009(b)..............................  5.566(e).
3.1600 (first sentence)................  5.631(a), 5.631(b).
3.1600(a)..............................  5.638(a).
3.1600(b)(1)...........................  5.643.
3.1600(b)(2)...........................  5.643.
3.1600(b)(3)...........................  5.636.
3.1600(b)(4)...........................  5.643.
3.1600(c)..............................  5.644(a), 5.644(b)(1)-(4).
3.1600(d)..............................  5.631(a).
3.1600(e)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.1600(f)..............................  5.645(b).
3.1600(g)..............................  5.638(c)(1), 5.639(a),
                                          5.639(c).
3.1601(a)..............................  5.633(a).
3.1601(a)(1)...........................  5.632.
3.1601(a)(2)...........................  5.632.
3.1601(a)(2)(iii) (second and third      5.649(d).
 sentences).
3.1601(a)(3)...........................  5.645(c).
3.1601(b)..............................  5.633(b).
3.1601(b)(5)...........................  5.636.
3.1602(a)..............................  5.649(b), 5.649(e).
3.1602(b)..............................  5.649(a).
3.1602(c)..............................  5.649(c).
3.1602(d)..............................  5.650.
3.1603.................................  5.636.
3.1604(a)..............................  5.651(a), 5.651(b).
3.1604(a)(1)...........................  5.651(d).
3.1604(a)(2)...........................  5.651(a), 5.651(b).
3.1604(b)(1)...........................  5.651(c)(1).
3.1604(b)(2)...........................  5.651(c)(1).
3.1604(b)(3)...........................  5.651(c)(2).
3.1604(c)..............................  5.651(a), 5.651(b).
3.1604(d)..............................  5.645(a).
3.1604(d)(1)(i)-(iv)...................  5.645(a).
3.1604(d)(1)(v)........................  No part 5 provision.
3.1604(d)(2) (first sentence)..........  No part 5 provision.
3.1604(d)(3)...........................  5.645(a).
3.1604(d)(4)...........................  5.649(a).
3.1605 (introduction)..................  5.644(a).
3.1605(a)..............................  5.644(b)(5), 5.644(c).
3.1605(a)(3) (last sentence)...........  5.616.
3.1605(b)..............................  5.644(d).
3.1605(c)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.1605(d)..............................  5.644(b)(6).
3.1605(e)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.1606.................................  5.635.
3.1607.................................  5.634(b)(1).
3.1608.................................  5.634(b)(2), 5.634(b)(3).
3.1609.................................  5.652.
3.1610(a)..............................  No part 5 provision.
3.1610(b)..............................  5.636.
3.1611.................................  No part 5 provision.
3.1612.................................  No part 5 provision.
3.2100.................................  5.0.
3.2130.................................  5.134.
3.2600.................................  5.161.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 71347]]


          Appendix B to Part 5--Derivation of Part 5 Provisions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Part 5 Provision          Part 3 Provision    Part 5 Section Title
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Subpart A--General Provisions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.0(a)......................  3.2100..............  Scope of
                                                     applicability.
5.0(b)......................  New.
5.1 definition of ``Accrued   3.1000(a)             General definitions.
 benefits''.                   introductory text.
5.1 definition of ``Active    New.
 military service''.
5.1 definition of ``Agency    New.
 of original jurisdiction''.
5.1 definition of ``Alien''.  New.
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Application''.
5.1 definition of ``Armed     3.1(a).
 Forces''.
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Beneficiary''.
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Benefit''.
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Certified statement''.
5.1 definition of ``Child     3.54(d)
 born of the marriage and
 child born before the
 marriage''.
5.1 definition of ``Claim''.  3.1(p).
5.1 definition of ``Claim     3.1000(d)(5).
 for benefits pending on the
 date of death''.
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Claimant''.
5.1 definition of             3.159(a)(1),
 ``Competent evidence''.       3.159(a)(2).
5.1 definition of ``Custody   3.57(d).
 of a child''.
5.1 definition of ``Direct    New.
 service connection''.
5.1 definition of             3.1(h).
 ``Discharged or released
 from active military
 service''.
5.1 definition of ``Drugs''.  New.
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Effective the date of the
 last payment''.
5.1 definition of ``Evidence  3.1000(d)(4).
 on file on the date of
 death''.
5.1 definition of ``Final     New.
 decision''.
5.1 definition of ``Fraud''.  3.1(aa), 3.901(a).
5.1 definition of             3.354(a).
 ``Insanity''.
5.1 definition of             3.1(l).
 ``Nonservice-connected''.
5.1 definition of ``Notice''  3.1(q).
5.1 definition of ``Nursing   3.1(z).
 home''.
5.1 definition of ``Payee''.  New.
5.1 definition of             3.1(o).
 ``Political subdivision of
 the U.S.''.
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Proximately caused''.
5.1 definition of             3.384.
 ``Psychosis''.
5.1 definition of             3.1(c).
 ``Reserve'' or
 ``reservist''.
5.1 definition of ``Reserve   3.1(b).
 component''.
5.1 definition of             3.1(g).
 ``Secretary concerned''.
5.1 definition of ``Service-  3.1(k).
 connected''.
5.1 definition of ``Service   New.
 treatment records''.
5.1 definition of ``State''.  3.1(i).
5.1 definition of             New.
 ``Uniformed services''.
5.1 definition of ``VA''....  1.9(b)(1).
5.1 definition of             3.1(d).
 ``Veteran''.
5.1 definition of Willful     3.1(n).
 misconduct.
5.2.........................  New.................  Terms and usage in
                                                     part 5 regulations.
5.3(a)......................  New.................  Standards of proof.
5.3(b)(1)...................  New.
5.3(b)(2)...................  3.102 (third
                               sentences).
5.3(b)(3)...................  3.102 (second and
                               seventh sentences).
5.3(b)(4)...................  New.
5.3(b)(5)...................  3.102 (sixth
                               sentence).
5.3(b)(6)...................  New.
5.3(c), 5.3(d), 5.3(e)......  New.
5.4(a)......................  3.103(a) (second      Claims adjudication
                               sentence).            policies.
5.4(b)......................  3.102 (first
                               sentence), 3.103(a)
                               (second sentence).
5.5.........................  3.100...............  Delegations of
                                                     authority.
5.6-5.19....................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Subpart B--Service Requirements for Veterans
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Periods of War and Types of
      Military Service
 
5.20........................  3.1(e), 3.1(f), 3.2.  Dates of periods of
                                                     war.
5.21(a).....................  3.6(a), 3.7(a)......  Service VA
                                                     recognizes as
                                                     active military
                                                     service.

[[Page 71348]]

 
5.21(b).....................  3.15.
5.22(a).....................  3.6(b)(1)...........  Service VA
                                                     recognizes as
                                                     active duty.
5.22(b).....................  3.6(b)(7).
5.22(c).....................  New.
5.23(a).....................  3.7(r)..............  How VA classifies
                                                     Reserve and
                                                     National Guard
                                                     duty.
5.23(a)(1)..................  3.6(b)(1).
5.23(a)(2)..................  3.6(c)(1).
5.23(a)(3)..................  3.6(d)(1),
                               3.6(d)(2).
5.23(b).....................  3.7(m).
5.23(b)(1)..................  3.6(b)(1).
5.23(b)(2)..................  3.6(c)(3).
5.23(b)(3)..................  3.6(d)(4).
5.23(b)(4)..................  3.6(d)(4)(i),
                               3.6(d)(4)(ii).
5.23(c).....................  New.
5.24(a).....................  3.6(b)(4),            How VA classifies
5.24(b)(1)..................   3.6(b)(7), 3.7(f).    duty performed by
5.24(b)(2)..................  3.6(b)(5)...........   Armed Services
5.24(c)(1)..................  3.6(c)(5)...........   Academy cadets and
5.24(c)(2)..................  3.6(c)(4)...........   midshipmen,
5.24(c)(3)..................  3.6(d)(3)...........   attendees at the
5.24(d).....................  3.700(a)(1)(ii).....   preparatory schools
                              New.................   of the Armed
                                                     Services Academies,
                                                     and Senior Reserve
                                                     Officers' Training
                                                     Corps members.
5.25(a).....................  3.7(q)..............  How VA classifies
5.25(a)(1)..................  3.6(b)(2)...........   service in the
5.25(a)(2)..................  3.6(c)(2)...........   Public Health
5.25(a)(3)..................  3.6(d)(1),             Service, in the
5.25(b).....................   3.6(d)(2)..           Coast and Geodetic
5.25(b)(1)..................  3.6(b)(3)...........   Survey and its
5.25(c).....................  3.7(g)..............   successor agencies,
5.25(d).....................  3.6(d)(4)(iii)......   and of temporary
                              New.................   members of the
                                                     Coast Guard
                                                     Reserve.
5.26........................  3.7(o)..............  Circumstances where
5.26(a)(3)..................  3.7(m)..............   a person ordered to
                                                     service, but who
                                                     did not serve, is
                                                     considered to have
                                                     performed active
                                                     duty.
5.27(a), 5.27(b)............  3.7(x)..............  Individuals and
5.27(c).....................  3.7(x), 3.400(z)....   groups designated
                                                     by the Secretary of
                                                     Defense as having
                                                     performed active
                                                     military service.
5.28........................  3.7(c)-(e), 3.7(h)-   Other groups
                               (l), 3.7(n),          designated as
                               3.7(p), 3.7(s)-(w),   having performed
                               3.7(y).               active military
                                                     service.
5.29(a)(1)..................  3.6(b)(6)...........  Circumstances under
5.29(a)(2)..................  3.6(b)(7)...........   which certain
5.29(a)(3)..................  New.................   travel periods may
5.29(b).....................  3.6(c)(6), 3.6(e)...   be classified as
                                                     military service.
5.30(a).....................  3.12(a) (first        How VA determines if
5.30(b).....................   sentence).            service qualifies
5.30(c).....................  New.................   for VA benefits.
5.30(d).....................  3.12(a) (second
5.30(e).....................   sentence),
5.30(f).....................   3.12(k)(1),
                               3.14(d)..
                              3.12(b).............
                              3.12(k)(2),
                               3.12(k)(3)..
                              3.12(d).............
 
      Bars to Benefits
 
5.31(a).....................  New.................  Statutory bars to VA
5.31(b).....................  New.................   benefits.
5.31(c).....................  3.7(b), 3.12(c)(1)-
5.31(d).....................   (5).
5.31(e).....................  New.................
5.31(f).....................  3.12(j).............
                              3.12(i).............
5.32........................  3.12(c)(6)..........  Consideration of
                                                     compelling
                                                     circumstances when
                                                     veteran was
                                                     separated for AWOL.
5.33........................  3.12(b), 3.354(b)...  Insanity as a
                                                     defense to acts
                                                     leading to a
                                                     discharge or
                                                     dismissal from the
                                                     service that might
                                                     be disqualifying
                                                     for VA benefits.
 
   Military Discharges and
       Related Matters
 
5.34(a).....................  New.................  Effect of discharge
5.34(b).....................  New.................   upgrades by Armed
5.34(c).....................  3.12(e).............   Forces boards for
5.34(d).....................  3.400(g)............   the correction of
                                                     military records
                                                     (10 U.S.C. 1552) on
                                                     eligibility for VA
                                                     benefits.
5.35(a).....................  New.................  Effect of discharge
5.35(b).....................  3.12(f).............   upgrades by Armed
5.35(c), 5.35(d)............  3.12(g).............   Forces discharge
5.35(e).....................  3.400(g)............   review boards (10
                                                     U.S.C. 1553) on
                                                     eligibility for VA
                                                     benefits.

[[Page 71349]]

 
5.36(a).....................  3.12(h).............  Effect of certain
5.36(b), 5.36(c)............  3.12(i).............   special discharge
                                                     upgrade programs on
                                                     eligibility for VA
                                                     benefits.
5.37(a) (first sentence)....  3.12(a).............  Effect of extension
5.37(a) (second sentence)...  New.................   of service
5.37(b).....................  3.13(a).............   obligation due to
5.37(c).....................  3.13(b).............   change in military
5.37(d).....................  3.13(c).............   status on
                                                     eligibility for VA
                                                     benefits.
5.38(a).....................  New.................  Effect of a voided
5.38(b).....................  3.14(a), 3.14(c)....   enlistment on
5.38(c).....................  3.14(b).............   eligibility for VA
                                                     benefits.
5.39(a).....................  3.12a(a)(2),          Minimum active duty
5.39(b)(1)..................   3.12a(b).             service requirement
5.39(b)(2)..................  3.12a(c)(1).........   for VA benefits.
5.39(c)(1)..................  3.12a(c)(2).........
5.39(c)(2)..................  3.12a(a)(1).........
5.39(d).....................  3.203(c) (last
5.39(e).....................   sentence)..
5.39(f).....................  3.12a(a)(2),
                               3.12a(d)..
                              3.15................
                              3.12a(e)............
5.40(a).....................  3.203(a)............  Service records as
5.40(b).....................  3.203(a)(2).........   evidence of service
5.40(c).....................  3.203(a)(1),           and character of
5.40(d).....................   3.203(a)(3)..         discharge that
                              3.203(c)............   qualify for VA
                                                     benefits.
5.41-5.49...................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Subpart C--Adjudicative Process, General
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      VA Benefit Claims
 
5.50........................  3.150...............  Applications VA
                                                     Furnishes.
5.51........................  3.151(a)............  Filing a claim for
                                                     disability
                                                     benefits.
5.52........................  3.152...............  Filing a claim for
                                                     death benefits.
5.53........................  3.154...............  Claims for benefits
                                                     under 38 U.S.C.
                                                     1151 for disability
                                                     or death due to VA
                                                     treatment or
                                                     vocational
                                                     rehabilitation.
5.54........................  3.155...............  Informal claims.
5.55........................  3.156(a), 3.400       Claims based on New
                               introductory text,    and material
                               3.400(h)(2),          evidence.
                               3.400(q)(2),
                               3.400(r).
5.56........................  3.157...............  Report of
                                                     examination,
                                                     treatment, or
                                                     hospitalization as
                                                     a claim.
5.57........................  3.160...............  Claims definitions.
5.58-5.79...................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Rights of Claimants and
        Beneficiaries
 
5.80........................  3.103(e)............  Right to
                                                     representation.
5.81........................  3.103(d)............  Submission of
                                                     information,
                                                     evidence, or
                                                     argument.
5.82(a) introductory text...  3.103(c)(1) (first    Right to a hearing.
                               sentence).
5.82(a)(1)..................  3.103(c)(1).........
5.82(a)(2)..................  New.
5.82(b).....................  3.103(c)(2).
5.82(c).....................  3.103(c)(1).
5.82(d)(1)..................  3.103(c)(1).
5.82(d)(2)..................  3.103(c)(2).
5.82(d)(3)..................  New.
5.82(e)(1)..................  3.103(c)(2).
5.82(e)(2)..................  3.103(c)(1).
5.82(e)(3)..................  New.
5.82((e)(4).................  New.
5.82(f)(1)..................  3.105(i)(2).
5.82(f)(2)..................  3.105(i)(1).
5.82(f)(3)..................  3.105(i)(1).
5.82(f)(4)..................  3.105(i)(1).
5.82(f)(5)..................  3.105(i)(2).
5.83(a).....................  3.103(b)(1),          Right to notice of
5.83(b).....................   3.103(b)(2),          decisions and
                               3.105(d)-(h).         proposed adverse
                              3.103(a),              actions.
                               3.103(b)(1),
                               3.103(f)..
5.83(c).....................  3.103(b)(3).
5.84........................  3.103(b)(4).........  Restoration of
                                                     benefits following
                                                     adverse action.
5.85-5.89...................  ....................  Reserved.
 
        Duties of VA
 
5.90 (except (b)(3))........  3.159...............  VA assistance in
5.90(b)(3)..................  3.109(a)(1).........   developing claims.

[[Page 71350]]

 
5.91(a).....................  3.326(b), 3.326(c)..  Medical evidence for
5.91(b).....................  3.304(c) (last         disability claims.
                               sentence)..
5.92........................  3.328...............  Independent medical
                                                     opinions.
5.93........................  New.................  Service records
                                                     which are lost,
                                                     destroyed, or
                                                     otherwise
                                                     unavailable.
5.94-5.98...................  ....................  Reserved.
 
     Responsibilities of
 Claimants and Beneficiaries
 
5.99........................  3.109(b)............  Extensions of time
                                                     limits for
                                                     providing
                                                     information or
                                                     evidence.
5.100.......................  3.110...............  Time limits for
                                                     claimant or
                                                     beneficiary
                                                     responses.
5.101(a)....................  3.216...............  Requirement to
5.101(b)....................  3.216...............   provide Social
                                                     Security numbers.
5.101(c)....................  3.500(w).
5.101(d)....................  New.
5.101(e)....................  3.159(b)(1), 3.216.
5.101(f)....................  3.216.
5.102(a)....................  3.327(a) (except      Reexamination
                               third sentence).      requirements.
5.102(b)....................  3.327(a) (third
                               sentence).
5.102(c)(1).................  3.327(b)(1) (second
                               sentence).
5.102(c)(2)(i)..............  3.327(b)(2).
5.102(c)(3).................  3.327(b)(1) (first
                               sentence).
5.102(d)....................  3.327(c).
5.103(a) (first sentence)...  3.326(a) (first and   Failure to report
5.103(a) (second sentence)..   second sentences)     for VA examination
                              3.327(a) (first        or reexamination.
                               sentence)..
5.103(a) (third sentence)...  New.
5.103(b) introductory text..  3.655(a) (first
                               sentence).
5.103(b)(1).................  3.655(b).
5.103(b)(2).................  3.655(b).
5.103(c)....................  3.655(c)(1) (first
                               sentence).
5.103(d)(1).................  3.655(c)(1) (first
                               and second
                               sentences).
5.103(d)(2).................  3.655(c)(1) (last
                               sentence),
                               3.655(c)(3).
5.103(d)(3).................  3.655(c)(2).
5.103(d)(4).................  3.655(c)(4).
5.103(d)(5).................  3.655(c)(3).
5.103(e)....................  3.330.
5.103(f) (except last         3.655(a) (second
 sentence).                    sentence).
5.103(f) (last sentence)....  New.
5.104(a)....................  3.652(a)              Certifying
5.104(b)....................  3.652(a)(1).........   continuing
                                                     eligibility to
                                                     receive benefits.
5.104(c)....................  3.652(a)(1),
                               3.652(a)(2).
5.104(d)....................  3.652(b).
5.105-5.129.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
      General Evidence
        Requirements
 
5.130(a) (except (a)(3))....  3.217(a), 3.217(a)    Submission of
5.130(a)(3).................   (note).               statements,
5.130(b)....................  3.217(b)............   evidence, or
5.130(c)....................  3.217(b)............   information
                              New.................   affecting
                                                     entitlement to
                                                     benefits.
5.131(a)....................  3.153...............  Applications,
5.131(b)....................  3.201(a)............   claims, and
5.131(c)....................  3.201(b)............   exchange of
                                                     evidence with
                                                     Social Security
                                                     Administration--dea
                                                     th benefits.
5.132(a)....................  3.108...............  Claims, statements,
5.132(b)....................  3.202(a)............   evidence, or
5.132(c)....................  3.202(b)............   information filed
5.132(d)....................  3.202(a)............   or submitted
5.132(e)....................  3.202(c)............   abroad;
                                                     authentication of
                                                     documents from
                                                     foreign countries.
5.133(a)....................  3.115(a)............  Information VA may
5.133(b)....................  New.................   request from
5.133(c)....................  3.115(b)............   financial
                                                     institutions.
5.134.......................  3.2130..............  VA acceptance of
                                                     signature by mark
                                                     or thumbprint.
5.135.......................  3.200...............  Statements certified
                                                     or under oath or
                                                     affirmation.
5.136.......................  3.158(a)............  Abandoned claims.
5.137-5.139.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
  Evidence Requirements for
   Former Prisoners of War
           (POWs)
 
5.140.......................  3.1(y)..............  Determining former
                                                     prisoner of war
                                                     status.

[[Page 71351]]

 
5.141(a)....................  3.304(c)............  Medical evidence for
5.141(b)....................  New.................   former prisoner of
5.141(c)....................  3.304(e)............   war disability
5.141(d)....................  3.304(e) (first        compensation
5.141(e)....................   sentence)..           claims.
5.141(f)....................  3.304(e) (last two
                               sentences)..
                              3.326(b)............
5.142-5.149.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
 General Effective Dates for
           Awards
 
5.150(a)....................  3.400 introductory    General effective
                               text, 3.400(a),       dates for awards or
                               3.400(h)(1),          increased benefits.
                               3.400(o)(1) (first
                               sentence),
                               3.400(q)(2).
5.150(b)....................  3.400(o)(1) (second
                               sentence).
5.150(c)....................  New.
5.151.......................  3.1(r)..............  Date of receipt.
5.152.......................  3.114...............  Effective dates
                                                     based on change of
                                                     law or VA issue.
5.153.......................  3.156(b),             Effective date of
                               3.400(q)(1).          awards based on
                                                     receipt of evidence
                                                     prior to end of
                                                     appeal period or
                                                     before a final
                                                     decision.
5.154-5.159.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
General Rules on Revision of
          Decisions
 
5.160(a)....................  3.104(a)............  Binding effect of VA
5.160(b)....................  3.104(b)............   decisions.
5.161.......................  3.2600..............  Review of benefit
                                                     claims decisions.
5.162(a)....................  3.105 (introduction   Revision of agency
5.162(b)....................   first sentence).      of original
5.162(c)....................  New.................   jurisdiction
5.162(e)....................  3.105(a) (first two    decisions based on
5.162(f)....................   sentences)..          clear and
                              New.................   unmistakable error.
                              3.105(a) (third and
                               last sentences)..
5.163.......................  3.105(b)............  Revision of
                                                     decisions based on
                                                     difference of
                                                     opinion.
5.164.......................  New.................  Standard of proof
                                                     for reducing or
                                                     discontinuing a
                                                     benefit payment or
                                                     for severing
                                                     service connection
                                                     based on a
                                                     beneficiary's act
                                                     of commission or
                                                     omission.
5.165.......................  3.156(c)............  Keep phrase
                                                     ``reducing or
                                                     discontinuing'' in
                                                     same order in each
                                                     use. Check and
                                                     correct tables of
                                                     contents.
5.166.......................  3.400(h)(1).........  Effective dates for
                                                     revision of
                                                     decisions based on
                                                     difference of
                                                     opinion.
5.167(a)....................  3.500(b)              Effective dates for
5.167(b)....................   introductory text.    reducing or
5.167(c)....................  3.500(b)(1).........   discontinuing a
                              3.500(b)(2).........   benefit payment, or
                                                     for severing
                                                     service connection,
                                                     based on commission
                                                     or omission, or
                                                     based on
                                                     administrative
                                                     error.
5.168.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.169.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
 General Rules on Protection
  or Reduction of Existing
           Ratings
 
5.170(a)....................  New.................  Calculation of 5-
5.170(b)....................  3.951(b), 3.957.....   year, 10-year, and
5.170(c)....................  New.................   20-year protection
5.170(d)....................  New.................   periods.
5.170(e)....................  New.................
5.171(a)....................  3.344(a)............  Protection of 5-year
5.171(b)....................  3.344(c)............   stabilized ratings.
5.171(c)(1).................  3.344(c).
5.171(c)(2).................  3.344(a).
5.171(d) introductory text..  New.
5.171(d)....................  3.344(a).
5.171(e)....................  3.344(b).
5.172(a)....................  3.951(b) (first       Protection of
5.172(b)....................   sentence).            continuous 20-year
                              3.951(b) (second       ratings.
                               sentence)..
5.172(c)....................  New.
5.173.......................  3.951(a)............  Protection against
                                                     reduction of
                                                     disability rating
                                                     when VA revises the
                                                     Schedule for Rating
                                                     Disabilities.
5.174(a)....................  3.953(a)............  Protection of
5.174(b)....................  3.953(c)............   entitlement to
                                                     benefits
                                                     established before
                                                     1959.
5.175(a)(1).................  3.957 (first          Severance of service
                               sentence).            connection.
5.175(a)(2).................  3.957 (last
                               sentence).
5.175(b)(1).................  3.105(d) (first and
                               second sentences).

[[Page 71352]]

 
5.175(b)(2).................  3.105(d) (third and
                               fourth sentences).
5.176.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.177(a)....................  3.105 (introduction-- Effective dates for
5.177(b)....................   last sentence)..      reducing or
5.177(c)....................  3.105 (introduction--  discontinuing
                               second sentence)..    benefit payments or
                              3.105 (Introduction    for severing
                               first sentence),      service connection.
                               3.105(d) (fifth
                               through last
                               sentences),
                               3.500(r)..
5.177(d)....................  3.105(c), 3.55(r)...
5.177(e)....................  3.105(e), 3.500(r),
                               3.501(g)(2).
5.177(f)....................  3.105(f),
                               3.501(e)(1),
                               3.501(g)(1).
5.177(g)....................  3.105(g), 3.500(r)..
5.177(h)....................  3.105(h) (last
                               sentence).
5.177(i)....................  3.105 (introduction
                               first sentence),
                               3.500(b).
5.178.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.179.......................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Subpart D--Dependents and Survivors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     General Dependency
         Provisions
 
5.180.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.181(a)....................  3.213(a) (first       Evidence needed to
                               sentence).            establish
                                                     dependents.
5.181(b)....................  3.204(a)(1),
                               3.213(a), 3.213(c).
5.181(c)....................  3.204(a)(2),
                               3.204(b), 3.213(c).
5.181(d)....................  3.204(c)............
5.182(a)....................  3.213(a), 3.277(b),   Changes in status of
                               3.660(a)(1).          dependents.
5.182(b)....................  3.213(c)............
5.183(a)(1).................  3.401(b)(1)(ii),      Effective date of
5.183(a)(2).................   3.660(c) (second      awards of benefits
                               sentence).            for a dependent.
                              3.401(b)(2).........
5.183(a)(3).................  New.................
5.183(b)(1).................  3.401(b)(1)(i),
                               3.660(c) (first
                               sentence).
5.183(b)(2).................  3.401(b)(1)(i),
                               3.660(c) (first
                               sentence).
5.183(b)(3).................  3.401(b)(1)(i),
                               3.403(a)(5),
                               3.660(c) (first
                               sentence).
5.183(b)(4).................  3.401(b)(3).........
5.183(b)(5).................  3.401(b)(4).........
5.184(a)....................  3.500(g)(2)(ii),      Effective date of
5.184(b)....................   3.501(d)(2),          reduction or
5.184(c)....................   3.660(a)(2) (last     discontinuance
5.184(d)....................   sentence).            based on changes in
                              New.................   dependency status.
                              New.................
                              3.213(b) (first
                               sentence)..
5.185-5.190.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Marriage, Divorce, and
          Annulment
 
5.191.......................  3.1(j)..............  Marriages VA
                                                     recognizes as
                                                     valid.
5.192(a)....................  New.................  Evidence of
                                                     marriage.
5.192(b)....................  3.205(b)............
5.192(c) (except (c)(6)(i)).  3.205(a)............
5.192(c)(6)(i)..............  New.................
5.193.......................  3.205(b) (last        Proof of marriage
                               sentence).            termination where
                                                     evidence is in
                                                     conflict or
                                                     termination is
                                                     contested.
5.194(a)....................  3.206 (first          Acceptance of
                               sentence).            divorce decrees.
5.194(b)(1), 5.194(b)(2)....  3.206(a)
                               introductory text.
5.194(b)(3).................  New.................
5.194(c)(1).................  3.206(b)............
5.194(c)(2).................  3.206(c)............
5.195.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.196(a)(1).................  New.................  Void or annulled
                                                     marriages.
5.196(a)(2).................  3.207(a)............
5.196(b)....................  3.207(b)............
5.197 (introduction)........  3.502(d),             Effective date of
5.197(a)....................   3.503(a)(4).          reduction or
5.197(b)....................  3.500(n)(1).........   discontinuance of
                              3.500(n)(2)(ii).....   Improved Pension,
                                                     disability
                                                     compensation, or
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation due to
                                                     marriage or
                                                     remarriage.
5.198.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.199.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Surviving Spouse Status
 
5.200(a)....................  3.52 introductory     Surviving spouse:
5.200(b)(1).................   text.                 requirement of
                              3.52(a).............   valid marriage to
                                                     veteran.
5.200(b)(2).................  3.52(b), 3.205(c)...
5.200(b)(3).................  3.52(c).............
5.200(b)(4).................  3.52(d).............
5.201(a)....................  3.50(b) (except       Surviving spouse:
5.201(b) (introduction).....   (b)(2)).              requirements for
                              3.53(a) (first         relationship with
                               sentence)..           the veteran.

[[Page 71353]]

 
5.201(b)(1).................  3.54(e).............
5.201(b)(2)(i)..............  3.53(a) (first
                               sentence).
5.201(b)(2)(ii).............  New.................
5.201(b)(3).................  3.53(b) (second
                               sentence).
5.201(b)(4).................  3.53(a) (second
                               sentence).
5.201(b)(5).................  3.53(b) (first
                               sentence).
5.201(b)(6).................  3.53(b) (last
                               sentence).
5.202.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.203(a)(1).................  3.50(b)(2), 3.214...  Effect of remarriage
5.203(a)(2).................  3.50(b)(2)..........   on a surviving
                                                     spouse's benefits.
5.203(b)(1).................  3.50(b).............
5.203(b)(2).................  3.500(n)(3).........
5.203(b)(3).................  3.400(w)............
5.203(c)....................  3.55(a)(1)..........
5.203(d)(1)-(3).............  3.55(a)(2)..........
5.203(d)(4).................  3.55(a)(5),
                               3.55(a)(8), 3.215.
5.203(e)(1), except           3.55(a)(3)..........
 (e)(1)(iii).
5.203(e)(1)(iii)............  3.55(a)(6)..........
5.203(e)(2).................  3.55(a)(3)..........
5.203(f)....................  3.55(a)(10)(i)......
5.204.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.205.......................  3.400(v)............  Effective date of
                                                     resumption of
                                                     benefits to a
                                                     surviving spouse
                                                     due to termination
                                                     of a remarriage.
5.206-5.219.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
        Child Status
 
5.220, except 5.220(b)(1)     3.57(a).............  Status as a child
 and 5.220(d).                3.57(a)(1)(ii),        for VA benefit
5.220(b)(1).................   3.315(a), 3.356(b)    purposes.
                               (first sentence)..
5.220(d)....................  3.503(a)(2).........
5.221.......................  3.210(a), 3.210(b)..  Evidence to
                                                     establish a parent/
                                                     natural child
                                                     relationship.
5.222(a), 5.222(c), 5.222(d)  3.57(c) introductory  Evidence to
5.222(b)....................   text, 3.210(c)        establish an
                               introductory text.    adopted child
                              3.210(c)(1)            relationship.
                               introductory text,
                               3.210(c)(1)(i)..
5.223(a)....................  3.210(c)(2).........  Child adopted after
5.223(b) (except (b)(1))....  3.210(c)(2).........   a veteran's death.
5.223(b)(1).................  3.57(c)(1)-(3).
5.224(a)....................  3.58................  Child status despite
5.224(b)....................  3.210(c)(1)            adoption out of the
                               introductory text,    veteran's family.
                               3.210(c)(1)(ii)..
5.225(a)....................  3.57(e)(1)..........  Child status based
5.225(b)(1).................  3.57(e)(2)..........   on adoption into a
5.225(b)(2).................  3.57(e)(4)..........   veteran's family
5.225(c)....................  New.................   under foreign law.
5.225(d)....................  3.57(e)(3)..........
5.226(a)....................  3.57(b), 3.210(d)...  Child status based
5.226(b)....................  3.57(b), 3.210(d)...   on being a
5.226(c), 5.226(d)..........  New.................   veteran's
                                                     stepchild.
5.227(a)....................  3.356(a)............  Child status based
5.227(b)(1)(i)..............  3.356(b)(1).........   on permanent
                                                     incapacity for self-
                                                     support.
5.227(b)(1)(ii).............  3.356(b)(2) (last
                               sentence).
5.227(b)(1)(iii)............  3.356(b)(4).........
5.227(b)(1)(iv).............  3.356(b)(3) (last
                               sentence).
5.227(b)(2)(i)..............  3.356(b)(3).........
5.227(b)(2)(ii).............  3.356(b)
                               introductory text,
                               3.356(b) (third
                               sentence).
5.227(c)(1).................  3.356(b)(3).........
5.227(c)(2)(i)..............  3.356(b)
                               introductory text,
                               3.356(b) (second
                               sentence).
5.227(c)(2)(ii)-(iv)........  New.................
5.227(d), except for (d)(3).  New.................
5.227(d)(3).................  3.356(b)(2) (first
                               sentence).
5.228(a)....................  New.................  Exceptions
5.228(b)....................  3.55(b).............   applicable to
                                                     termination of
                                                     child status based
                                                     on marriage of the
                                                     child.
5.229 (introduction)........  3.204(b)............  Proof of age or
                                                     birth.
5.229(a)....................  3.209(a)............
5.229(b)....................  3.209(b), 3.209(g)..
5.229(c)....................  3.209(c)............
5.229(d)....................  3.209(d)............
5.229(e)....................  3.209(e)............
5.229(f)....................  3.209(f)............

[[Page 71354]]

 
5.229(g)....................  3.209(g)............
 
 Effective Dates of Changes
       in Child Status
 
5.230.......................  3.403(a)(3).........  Effective date of
                                                     award of pension or
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation to or
                                                     for a child born
                                                     after the veteran's
                                                     death.
5.231.......................  3.503(a)              Effective date of
                               introductory text,    reduction or
                               3.503(a)(1).          discontinuance:
                                                     child reaches age
                                                     18 or 23.
5.232.......................  3.503(a)(10)........  Effective date of
                                                     reduction or
                                                     discontinuance:
                                                     terminated
                                                     adoptions.
5.233.......................  3.503(a)(6).........  Effective date of
                                                     reduction or
                                                     discontinuance:
                                                     stepchild no longer
                                                     a member of the
                                                     veteran's
                                                     household.
5.234(a)....................  New.................  Effective date of an
5.234(b)....................  3.403(a)(1).........   award, reduction,
5.234(c)(1).................  3.503(a)(3)(i)......   or discontinuance
5.234(c)(2).................  3.503(a)(3)(ii).....   of benefits based
                                                     on child status due
                                                     to permanent
                                                     incapacity for self-
                                                     support.
5.235(a)....................  New.................  Effective date of an
5.235(b)....................  3.400(u)............   award of benefits
                                                     due to termination
                                                     of a child's
                                                     marriage.
5.236.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.237.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
        Parent Status
 
5.238(a)....................  3.59(a), 3.59(b)      Status as a
                               (first sentence).     veteran's parent.
5.238(b)....................  New.................
5.238(c)....................  New.................
5.238(d)(1), 5.238(d)(2)(i).  3.59(b) (second and
                               third sentences).
5.238(d)(2)(ii), 5.238(e)...  New.................
5.239.......................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Subpart E--Claims for Service Connection and Disability Compensation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Service-Connected and Other
   Disability Compensation
 
5.240(a)....................  3.4(a), 3.4(b)(1)...  Disability
                                                     compensation.
5.240(b)....................  3.4(b)(2)...........
5.241 (introduction)........  New.................  Service-connected
                                                     disability.
5.241(a), 5.241(b)..........  3.1(k), 3.303(a)
                               (first and second
                               sentences).
5.241(c)....................  New.................
5.242(a)....................  3.303(a) (third       General principles
                               sentence).            of service
                                                     connection.
5.242(b)....................  3.304(b)(3).........
5.243(a)....................  New.................  Establishing service
                                                     connection.
5.243(b)....................  3.303(d)............
5.243(c)....................  3.303(b) (first
                               through third
                               sentences).
5.243(d)....................  3.303(b) (fifth
                               sentence).
5.244(a)....................  3.304(b)              Condition on entry
                               (introduction first   into military
                               sentence).            service.
5.244(b)(1).................  3.304(b)(1) (first
                               sentence).
5.244(b)(2).................  New.
5.244(c)(1).................  3.304(b)
                               (introduction first
                               sentence).
5.244(c)(2).................  New.
5.244(d)....................  3.303(c) (first
                               through fifth
                               sentences).
5.245.......................  3.306(a)............  Service connection
5.245(b)(1).................  New.................   based on
5.245(b)(2).................  New.................   aggravation of
5.245(b)(3).................  3.306(b)(1).........   preservice injury
5.245(b)(4).................  3.306(b)(2).........   or disease.
5.245(c)....................  3.306(b), 3.306(c)..
5.246.......................  3.310(a)............  Secondary service
                                                     connection--disabil
                                                     ity that is
                                                     proximately caused
                                                     by service-
                                                     connected
                                                     disability.
5.247.......................  3.310(b)............  Secondary service
                                                     connection--nonserv
                                                     ice-connected
                                                     disabilities
                                                     aggravated by
                                                     service-connected
                                                     disability.
5.248.......................  3.310(c)............  Service connection
                                                     for cardiovascular
                                                     disease secondary
                                                     to service-
                                                     connected lower
                                                     extremity
                                                     amputation.
5.249(a)(1).................  3.304(d)............  Special service
5.249(a)(2).................  New.................   connection rules
5.249(b)....................  New.................   for combat-related
                                                     injury or disease.
5.250(a)....................  3.304(f)              Service connection
5.250(b)....................   introductory text.    for posttraumatic
                              New.................   stress disorder.
5.250(c)....................  3.304(f)(1).........

[[Page 71355]]

 
5.250(d)....................  3.304(f)(2),
                               3.304(f)(4).
5.250(e)....................  3.304(f)(3).........
5.250(f)....................  3.304(f)(5).........
5.251(a)....................  3.303(c) (last        Current disabilities
5.251(b), 5.251(c), 5.251(d)   sentence).            for which VA cannot
5.251(e)....................  New.................   grant service
                              3.380...............   connection.
5.252-5.259.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Presumptions Concerning
   Service Connection for
      Certain Diseases,
  Disabilities, and Related
           Matters
 
5.260(a)....................  New.................  General rules
5.260(b)....................  3.307(b), 3.307(c)     governing
                               (first sentence)..    presumptions of
                                                     service connection.
5.260(c)(1).................  3.307(d)(1).........
5.260(c)(2).................  New.................
5.261(a) (introduction).....  3.307(a)(3).........  Certain chronic
5.261(a)(1).................  3.307(a)(3).........   diseases VA
                                                     presumes are
                                                     service connected.
5.261(a)(2).................  New.................
5.261(b)....................  3.307(a)(1) (first
                               and second
                               sentences).
5.261(c) (introduction).....  3.307(a)(3),
                               3.307(b).
5.261(c) (table)............  3.307(a)(3),
                               3.307(b), 3.309(a).
5.261(d)....................  3.309(a)............
5.261(e)....................  New.................
5.262(a)(1).................  3.307(a)(6)(iii),     Presumption of
5.262(a)(2).................   3.307(a)(6)(iv).      service connection
5.262(b)....................  3.307(a)(6)(ii).....   for diseases
5.262(c)....................  3.307(a)(6)(i)......   associated with
                              3.307(a)(1) (last      exposure to certain
                               sentence)..           herbicide agents.
5.262(d)....................  3.307(a)(6)(iii),
                               3.307(a)(6)(iv).
5.262(e)....................  3.307(a)(6)(ii),
                               3.309(e).
5.262(e) Note 1.............  3.309(e) Note 2.....
5.262(e) Note 2.............  3.309(e) Note 1.....
5.262(e) Note 3.............  3.309(e) Note 3.....
5.263.......................  3.313...............  Presumption of
                                                     service connection
                                                     for non-Hodgkin's
                                                     lymphoma based on
                                                     service in Vietnam.
5.264(a) (introduction).....  3.307(a)(1) (last     Diseases VA presumes
5.264(a)(1).................   sentence),            are service
5.264(a)(2).................   3.307(a)(5).          connected in a
                              3.309(c)(1),           former prisoner of
                               3.309(c)(2)(i)..      war.
                              3.307(a)(5),
                               3.309(c)(1),
                               3.309(c)(2)(ii)..
5.264(b)....................  3.309(c)(1).........
5.264(c)....................  3.309(c)(2).........
5.265(a)....................  3.307(a)(4).........  Tropical diseases VA
5.265(b)....................  3.307(a)(1) (first     presumes are
                               and second            service connected.
                               sentences)..
5.265(c)....................  3.307(a)(2).........
5.265(d)....................  3.309(b)............
5.265(e)....................  3.307(d)(1) (third
                               and last sentences).
5.265(f)....................  3.308(b)............
5.266.......................  3.317...............  Disability
                                                     compensation for
                                                     certain qualifying
                                                     chronic
                                                     disabilities.
5.267.......................  3.316(a)............  Presumption of
                                                     service connection
                                                     for conditions
                                                     associated with
                                                     full-body exposure
                                                     to nitrogen
                                                     mustard, sulfur
                                                     mustard, or
                                                     Lewisite.
5.268(a)....................  3.309(d)(3)(i)......  Presumption of
5.268(b)....................  3.309(d)(1),           service connection
5.268(c) (introduction).....   3.309(d)(2)..         for diseases
5.268(c)(1) (introduction)..  3.309(d)(3)(ii).....   associated with
                              3.309(d)(3)(ii)(A),    exposure to
                               3.309(d)(3)(iv)       ionizing radiation.
                               introductory text..
5.268(c)(1)(i)-(iv).........  3.309(d)(3)(iv)(A)-(
                               D).
5.268(c)(2).................  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(B),
                               3.309(d)(3)(vi).
5.268(c)(3) (introduction)..  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(C),
                               3.309(d)(3)(vii)
                               introductory text.
5.268(c)(3)(i)-(iv).........  3.309(d)(3)(vii)(A)-
                               (D).
5.268(c)(4) (introduction)..  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(1
                               ).
5.268(c)(4)(i)..............  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(1
                               )(i).
5.268(c)(4)(ii).............  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(1
                               )(ii).
5.268(c)(4) (Note)..........  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(3
                               ).
5.268(c)(5).................  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(D)(2
                               ).
5.268(c)(6).................  3.309(d)(3)(ii)(E)..
5.268(d)....................  3.309(d)(3)(iii)....
5.268(e)....................  3.309(d)(3)(v)......
5.268 Note..................  New.................

[[Page 71356]]

 
5.269(a) (introduction first  3.311(a)(1),          Direct service
 sentence).                    3.311(b)(1).          connection for
5.269(a) (introduction        3.311(b)(1)(iii)....   diseases associated
 second and last sentence).   3.311(b)(1)(i)......   with exposure to
5.269(a)(1).................                         ionizing radiation.
5.269(a)(2).................  3.311(b)(1)(ii).....
5.269(a)(3).................  3.311(b)(1)(iii)....
5.269(b) (introduction).....  3.311(b)(2)
                               introductory text.
5.269(b)(1).................  3.311(b)(2)(i)-(xxiv
                               ), 3.311(b)(5).
5.269(b)(2).................  3.311(b)(3).........
5.269(b)(3).................  3.311(b)(4).........
5.269(c)(1) (introduction     3.311(a)(1) (except
 first sentence).              last sentence).
5.269(c)(1) (introduction     3.311(a)(2)
 last sentence).               introductory text.
5.269(c)(1)(i)-(iii)........  3.311(a)(2)(i)-(iii)
5.269(c)(2).................  3.311(a)(1) (last
                               sentence).
5.269(c)(3).................  3.311(a)(4)(ii).....
5.269(c)(4).................  3.311(a)(4)(i)......
5.269(d)(1).................  3.311(a)(1) (except
                               last sentence).
5.269(d)(2).................  New.................
5.269(e)(1) (introduction     3.311(c)
 first sentence).              introductory text.
5.269(e)(2).................  3.311(a)(3).........
5.269(f)(1).................  3.311(c)(1)
                               introductory text,
                               3.311(c)(1)(i),
                               3.311(e).
5.269(f)(2).................  3.311(c)(3).........
5.269(f)(3).................  3.311(c)(1)(ii).....
5.269(f)(4).................  3.311(c)(2),
                               3.311(d)(1),
                               3.311(d)(2).
5.269(f)(5).................  3.311(d)(3) (first
                               sentence).
5.269(f)(6).................  3.311(d)(3) (second
                               sentence).
5.269(g)....................  3.311(f)............
5.269(h)....................  3.311(g)............
5.270.......................  3.318...............  Presumption of
                                                     service connection
                                                     for amyotrophic
                                                     lateral sclerosis.
5.271.......................  3.317(c), 3.317(d),   Presumption of
                               3.317 Table,          service connection
                               3.317(e)(2).          for infectious
                                                     diseases
5.272-5.279.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
  Rating Service-Connected
        Disabilities
 
5.280(a)....................  3.321(a),             General rating
                               3.321(b)(1),          principles.
                               3.321(b)(3),
                               3.321(c).
5.280(b)(1).................  3.321(b)(1).........
5.280(b)(2).................  3.321(b)(3).........
5.280(c)....................  3.321(c)............
5.281.......................  3.324...............  Multiple 0 percent
                                                     service-connected
                                                     disabilities.
5.282(a)....................  3.383(a)............  Special
5.282(b)....................  3.383(a)(1)-(5).....   consideration for
                                                     paired organs and
                                                     extremities.
5.282(c)(1).................  3.383(b)(1).........
5.282(c)(2).................  3.383(b)(1).........
5.282(c)(3).................  3.383(c)............
5.282(c)(4).................  3.383(d)............
5.283.......................  3.340...............  Total and permanent
                                                     total ratings and
                                                     unemployability.
5.284.......................  3.341...............  Total disability
                                                     ratings for
                                                     disability
                                                     compensation
                                                     purposes.
5.285(a)....................  3.343(a)............  Discontinuance of
                                                     total disability
                                                     ratings.
5.285(b)....................  3.343(c).             ....................
5.286-5.299.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
    Additional Disability
   Compensation Based on a
      Dependent Parent
 
5.300(a)(1).................  3.250(a)(1).........  Establishing
5.300(a)(2).................  New.................   dependency of a
                                                     parent.
5.300(b) (introduction).....  3.250(a)(2) (first
                               sentence).
5.300(b)(1).................  3.250(b)
                               introductory text.
5.300(b)(1)(i)..............  3.250(b)(1).........
5.300(b)(1)(ii).............  3.250(c)............
5.300(b)(2)(i)..............  3.250(a)(2) (last
                               sentence).
5.300(b)(2)(ii).............  3.250(b)(2).........
5.300(c)....................  3.250(b)(2).........
5.300(d)....................  3.660(a)(1).........
5.300(e)....................  3.250(d)............
5.301.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.302(a)....................  3.262(a)              General income
5.302(b)....................   introductory text.    rules--parent's
                              3.262(b)(1).........   dependency.
5.302(c)....................  3.261(a)(3).........

[[Page 71357]]

 
5.302(d)....................  3.262(k)(2).........
5.302(e)....................  3.262(k)(3).........
5.303(a)....................  3.262(a)(2).........  Deductions from
5.303(b)....................  3.261(a)(24),          income--parent's
5.303(c)....................   3.262(i)(1),          dependency.
                               3.262(j)(4)..
                              3.262(a)(1).........
5.304 (introduction)........  3.261 introductory    Exclusions from
5.304(a)....................   text, 3.262(t)        income--parent's
                               introductory text.    dependency.
                              3.261(a)(7).........
5.304(b)....................  3.262(h)............
5.304(c)....................  3.261(a)(12)........
5.304(d), except (d)(6).....  3.261(a)(20)........
5.304(d)(6).................  New.................
5.304(e)....................  3.261(a)(20)........
5.304(f)....................  3.261(a)(13)........
5.304(g)....................  3.261(a)(28),
                               3.262(t)(2).
5.304(h)....................  3.261(a)(30),
                               3.262(k)(4).
5.304(i)....................  3.261(a)(31)........
5.304(j)....................  3.262(a)(2) (last
                               sentence).
5.304(k)....................  3.261(a)(22)........
5.304(l)....................  New.................
5.304(m)....................  New.................
5.305-5.310.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Disability Compensation
       Effective Dates
 
5.311.......................  3.400(b)(2).........  Effective dates--
                                                     award of disability
                                                     compensation.
5.312(a)....................  New.................  Effective dates--
5.312(b)....................  3.400(o)(2).........   increased
                                                     disability
                                                     compensation.
5.313(a)....................  New.................  Effective dates--
5.313(b)....................  3.501(e)(2).........   discontinuance of
5.313(c)....................  3.501(f)............   compensation for a
                                                     total disability
                                                     rating based on
                                                     individual
                                                     unemployability.
5.314(a)....................  New.................  Effective dates-
5.314(b)....................  3.660(a)(2).........   discontinuance of
5.314(c)....................  3.500(n)(2)(ii),       additional
5.314(d)....................   3.660(a)(2) (last     disability
                               sentence)..           compensation based
                              3.500(g)(2)(ii),       on parental
                               3.660(a)(2) (last     dependency.
                               sentence)..
5.315.......................  3.660(d)............  Effective dates--
                                                     additional
                                                     disability
                                                     compensation based
                                                     on decrease in the
                                                     net worth of a
                                                     dependent parent.
5.316-5.319.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
       Special Monthly
    Compensation: General
 
5.320 (introduction)........  3.352(a) (fifth       ....................
                               sentence).
5.320(a)....................  3.352(a) (first and   Determining need for
                               fifth through         regular aid and
                               seventh sentences),   attendance.
                               3.352(c).
5.320(b)....................  3.352(a) (second
                               through fourth
                               sentences).
5.321(a)....................  3.351(a)(2).........  Additional
5.321(b)....................  3.351(c)(1),           disability
5.321(c)....................   3.351(c)(2)..         compensation for a
                              3.351(c)(3).........   veteran whose
                                                     spouse needs
                                                     regular aid and
                                                     attendance.
5.322(a)....................  New.................  Special monthly
5.322(b)....................  3.350(a)(2)(i)......   compensation:
                                                     general information
                                                     and definitions of
                                                     disabilities.
5.322(c)....................  3.350(a)(2)(i),
                               3.350(a)(2)(i)(b).
5.322(d)....................  3.350(c)(2).........
5.322(e) (introduction).....  New.................
5.322(e)(1).................  3.350(d)
                               (introduction
                               except first
                               sentence).
5.322(e)(2).................  3.350(d)
                               (introduction
                               except first
                               sentence).
5.322(f)....................  3.350(b)(2) (second
                               sentence).
5.322(g)....................  3.350(a)(4).........
 
       Special Monthly
   Compensation: Specific
       Statutory Bases
 
5.323(a)....................  3.350(a) (first       Special monthly
5.323(b)(1).................   sentence).            compensation under
                              3.350(a) (second       38 U.S.C. 1114(k).
                               sentence)..
5.323(b)(2)(i)..............  3.350(a) (third
                               sentence).
5.323(b)(2)(ii).............  New.................
5.323(b)(3).................  3.350(a) (fourth
                               sentence).
5.323(c)(1).................  New.................
5.323(c)(2).................  3.350(a)(1)(i)
                               (introduction first
                               sentence).
5.323(c)(3) (introduction)..  3.350(a)(1)(i)
                               (introduction
                               second sentence).
5.323(c)(3)(i)-(iii)........  3.350(a)(1)(i)(a)-(c
                               ).
5.323(c)(3)(iv).............  New.................
5.323(c)(4), 5.323(c)(5)....  New.................
5.323(c)(6).................  3.350(a)(1)(iii)....
5.323(c)(7).................  3.350(a)(1)(iv).....

[[Page 71358]]

 
5.323(d)(1).................  3.350(a)(3)(i)......
5.323(d)(2).................  3.350(a)(3)(ii).....
5.323(e)....................  3.350(a)(5).........
5.323(f)....................  3.350(a)(6).........
5.324 (introduction)........  3.350(b)              Special monthly
5.324(a)....................   introductory text.    compensation under
                              3.350(b)               38 U.S.C. 1114(l)
                               introductory text..
5.324(b)....................  3.350 introductory
                               text.
5.324(c)....................  3.350(b)
                               introductory text,
                               3.350(b)(2) (except
                               second sentence).
5.324(d)....................  3.350(b)
                               introductory text.
5.324(e)....................  3.350(b)
                               introductory text,
                               3.350(b)(3),
                               3.350(b)(4) (second
                               sentence).
5.325 (introduction)........  3.350(f)              Special monthly
5.325(a)....................   introductory text.    compensation at the
5.325(b)....................  3.350(f)(1)(i)......   intermediate rate
                              3.350(f)(1)(iii)....   between 38 U.S.C.
                                                     1114(l) and (m).
5.325(c)....................  3.350(f)(1)(vi).....
5.325(d)....................  3.350(f)(2)(i)......
5.326 (introduction)........  3.350(c)(1)           Special monthly
5.326(a)....................   introductory text.    compensation under
                              3.350(c)(1)(i)......   38 U.S.C. 1114(m).
5.326(b)....................  3.350(c)(1)(ii).....
5.326(c)....................  3.350(f)(1)(ii).....
5.326(d)....................  3.350(f)(1)(iv).....
5.326(e)....................  3.350(c)(1)(iii)....
5.326(f)....................  3.350(f)(1)(viii)...
5.326(g)....................  3.350(c)(1)(iv).....
5.326(h)....................  3.350(f)(2)(ii).....
5.326(i)....................  3.350(c)(1)(v),
                               3.350(c)(3).
5.327 (introduction)........  3.350(f)              Special monthly
5.327(a)....................   introductory text.    compensation at the
5.327(b)....................  3.350(f)(1)(x)......   intermediate rate
5.327(c)....................  3.350(f)(1)(v)......   between 38 U.S.C.
5.327(d)....................  3.350(f)(1)(vii)....   1114(m) and (n).
5.327(e)....................  3.350(f)(1)(ix).....
                              3.350(f)(2)(iii)....
5.328.......................  3.350(d)              Special monthly
5.328(a)....................   (introductory text    compensation under
                               first sentence).      38 U.S.C. 1114(n).
                              3.350(d)(1).........
5.328(b)....................  3.350(f)(1)(xi).....
5.328(c)....................  3.350(d)(2).........
5.328(d)....................  3.350(d)(3).........
5.328(e)....................  3.350(d)(4).........
5.329.......................  3.350(f)              Special monthly
                               introductory text,    compensation under
                               3.350(f)(1)(xii).     38 U.S.C. 1114(n)
                                                     and (o).
5.330 (introduction)........  3.350(e)(1)           Special monthly
5.330(a)....................   introductory text.    compensation under
                              3.350(e)(1)(i)......   38 U.S.C. 1114(o)
5.330(b)....................  3.350(e)(1)(iii)....
5.330(c)....................  3.350(e)(1)(iv).....
5.330(d)....................  3.350(e)(2).........
5.330(e)....................  3.350(e)(1)(ii),
                               3.350(e)(3).
5.331(a)....................  3.350(f)              Special monthly
5.331(b)(1).................   introductory text.    compensation under
                              3.350(f)(2)(iv).....   38 U.S.C. 1114(p).
5.331(b)(2).................  3.350(f)(2)(v)......
5.331(b)(3).................  3.350(f)(2)(vi).....
5.331(c)....................  3.350(f)(2)(vii)....
5.331(d)(1).................  3.350(f)(3).........
5.331(d)(2).................  3.350(f)(4)(i)......
5.331(d)(3).................  3.350(f)(3).........
5.331(e)(1).................  3.350(f)(4)
                               introductory text.
5.331(e)(2).................  3.350(f)(4)(i)......
5.331(e)(3).................  3.350(f)(4)(ii).....
5.331(f)....................  3.350(f)(5).........
5.332(a)....................  3.350(h)(1),          Additional allowance
5.332(b)....................   3.350(h)(2).          for regular aid and
                              3.350(h)(1) (first     attendance under 38
                               sentence),            U.S.C. 1114(r)(1)
                               3.350(h)(2) (first    or for a higher
                               sentence),            level of care under
                               3.350(h)(3) (first    38 U.S.C.
                               sentence),            1114(r)(2).
                               3.352(b)(1)(ii)..
5.332(c)(1).................  3.350(h)(1) (first
                               sentence),
                               3.350(h)(2) (first
                               sentence),
                               3.350(h)(3) (second
                               and last
                               sentences),
                               3.352(b)(1)(ii).
5.332(c)(1)(i)..............  3.350(h)(1) (first
                               sentence),
                               3.350(h)(2) (first
                               sentence)
                               3.352(b)(1)(i).
5.332(c)(1)(ii).............  3.352(b)(1)(ii).....
5.332(c)(1)(iii),             3.352(b)(1)(iii)....
 5.332(c)(1)(iv).
5.332(c)(1)(v)..............  3.350(h)(1) (first
                               sentence),
                               3.350(h)(2) (first
                               sentence).

[[Page 71359]]

 
5.332(c)(2).................  3.352(b)(2) (first
                               sentence).
5.332(c)(3).................  3.352(b)(2) (second
                               sentence).
5.332(c)(4).................  3.352(b)(2) (third
                               sentence).
5.332(c)(5).................  3.352(b)(3).........
5.332(c)(6).................  3.352(b)(4).........
5.332(c)(7).................  New.................
5.333 (introduction)........  3.350(i)              Special monthly
5.333(a)....................   (introduction).       compensation under
5.333(b)....................  3.350(i)(1).........   38 U.S.C. 1114(s).
                              3.350(i)(2).........
5.334.......................  New.................  Special monthly
                                                     compensation
                                                     tables.
 
       Special Monthly
   Compensation: Effective
            Dates
 
5.335.......................  3.401(a)(1).........  Effective dates:
                                                     special monthly
                                                     compensation under
                                                     Sec.  Sec.   5.332
                                                     and 5.333.
5.336(a)....................  3.401(a)(3).........  Effective dates:
5.336(b)....................  3.501(b)(3).........   additional
                                                     compensation for
                                                     regular aid and
                                                     attendance payable
                                                     for a veteran's
                                                     spouse under Sec.
                                                     5.321.
5.337-5.339.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
        Tuberculosis
 
5.340.......................  3.370...............  Pulmonary
                                                     tuberculosis shown
                                                     by X-ray in active
                                                     military service.
5.341.......................  3.371...............  Presumption of
                                                     service connection
                                                     for disease;
                                                     wartime and service
                                                     after December 31,
                                                     1946.
5.342.......................  3.372...............  Initial grant
                                                     following
                                                     inactivity of
                                                     tuberculosis.
5.343.......................  3.374...............  Effect of diagnosis
                                                     of active
                                                     tuberculosis.
5.344.......................  3.375...............  Determination of
                                                     inactivity
                                                     (complete arrest)
                                                     of tuberculosis.
5.345.......................  3.378...............  Changes from
                                                     activity in
                                                     pulmonary
                                                     tuberculosis
                                                     pension cases.
5.346(a)....................  3.959...............  Tuberculosis and
5.346(b)(1)(i)..............  3.350(g)(1).........   compensation under
5.346(b)(1)(ii).............  3.401(g)............   38 U.S.C. 1114(q)
5.346(b)(2).................  3.350(g)(2).........   and 1156.
5.347.......................  3.343(b)............  Continuance of a
                                                     total disability
                                                     rating for service-
                                                     connected
                                                     tuberculosis.
5.348.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.349.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Injury or Death Due to
Hospitalization or Treatment
 
5.350.......................  3.361...............  Benefits under 38
                                                     U.S.C. 1151(a) for
                                                     additional
                                                     disability or death
                                                     due to hospital
                                                     care, medical or
                                                     surgical treatment,
                                                     examination,
                                                     training and
                                                     rehabilitation
                                                     services, or
                                                     compensated work
                                                     therapy program.
5.351.......................  3.400(i)............  Effective dates of
                                                     awards of benefits
                                                     under 38 U.S.C.
                                                     1151(a) for
                                                     additional
                                                     disability or death
                                                     due to hospital
                                                     care, medical or
                                                     surgical treatment,
                                                     examination,
                                                     training and
                                                     rehabilitation
                                                     services, or
                                                     compensated work
                                                     therapy program.
5.352.......................  3.362...............  Effect of Federal
                                                     Tort Claims Act
                                                     compromises,
                                                     settlements, and
                                                     judgments entered
                                                     after November 30,
                                                     1962, on benefits
                                                     awarded under 38
                                                     U.S.C. 1151(a) for
                                                     additional
                                                     disability or death
                                                     due to hospital
                                                     care, medical or
                                                     surgical treatment,
                                                     examination,
                                                     training and
                                                     rehabilitation
                                                     services, or
                                                     compensated work
                                                     therapy program.
5.353.......................  3.363...............  Effect of Federal
                                                     Tort Claims Act
                                                     administrative
                                                     awards,
                                                     compromises,
                                                     settlements, and
                                                     judgments finalized
                                                     before December 1,
                                                     1962, on benefits
                                                     awarded under 38
                                                     U.S.C. 1151(a).
5.354-5.359.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Ratings for Health-care
      Eligibility Only
 
5.360(a)(1).................  New.................  Service connection
5.360(a)(2).................  3.381(a)............   of dental
5.360(b) (introduction).....  3.381(b) (first        conditions for
                               sentence)..           treatment purposes.
5.360(b)(1).................  3.381(d) (first
                               sentence).

[[Page 71360]]

 
5.360(b)(2).................  3.381(c).
5.360(c)(1).................  3.381(b) (first
                               sentence).
5.360(c)(2).................  New.
5.360(c)(3).................  3.381(b) (last
                               sentence).
5.360(d) (introduction).....  3.381(d) (last
                               sentence).
5.360(d)(1).................  3.381(e)(1).
5.360(d)(2).................  3.381(e)(2).
5.360(d)(3).................  3.381(e)(3).
5.360(d)(4).................  3.381(e)(4).
5.360(d)(5).................  3.381(f)(3).
5.360(d)(6).................  3.381(f)(4).
5.360(d)(7).................  3.381(g).
5.360(e) (introduction).....  3.381(f)
                               introductory text.
5.360(e)(1).................  3.381(e)(5).
5.360(e)(2).................  3.381(e)(6).
5.360(e)(3).................  3.381(f)(1).
5.361(a)....................  3.360(a)............  Health care
5.361(b)....................  3.360(c)............   eligibility of a
5.361(c)....................  3.360(b)............   person
                                                     administratively
                                                     discharged under
                                                     other-than-
                                                     honorable
                                                     conditions.
5.362.......................  New.................  Presumption of
                                                     service incurrence
                                                     of active psychosis
                                                     for purposes of
                                                     hospital, nursing
                                                     home, domiciliary,
                                                     and medical care.
5.363.......................  3.359...............  Determination of
                                                     service connection
                                                     for a former member
                                                     of the Armed Forces
                                                     of Czechoslovakia
                                                     or Poland.
5.364.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Miscellaneous Service-
   Connection Regulations
 
5.365.......................  3.300...............  Claims based on the
                                                     effects of tobacco
                                                     products.
5.366.......................  3.385...............  Disability due to
                                                     impaired hearing.
5.367.......................  3.357...............  Civil service
                                                     preference ratings.
5.368(a)....................  3.315(b)............  Basic eligibility.
5.368(b)....................  3.315(c)............  Determinations: home
                                                     loan and education
                                                     benefits.
5.369.......................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Subpart F--Nonservice-Connected Disability Pensions and Death Pensions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Improved Pension
   Requirements: Veterans,
    Surviving Spouse, and
       Surviving Child
 
5.370.......................  3.1(w), 3.23(a),      Definitions for
                               3.23(b), 3.23(d)(4)-  Improved Pension.
                               (5), 3.24(a),
                               3.271(a), 3.271(h),
                               3.351(b), 3.351(f).
5.371(a)....................  3.24(a).............  Eligibility and
5.371(b)....................  3.3(a)(3)...........   entitlement
5.371(c)....................  3.3(b)(4), 3.24(a)..   requirements for
5.371(d)....................  3.3(a)(3)(v),          Improved Pension.
                               3.3(b)(4)(iii),
                               3.23(b)..
5.372(a)....................  New.................  Wartime service
5.372(b)....................  3.3(a)(3)(i)-(iv),     requirements for
5.372(c)....................   3.3(b)(4)(i)..        Improved Pension.
                              3.3(b)(4)(ii).......
5.373.......................  3.208...............  Evidence of age in
                                                     Improved Pension
                                                     claims.
5.374-5.379.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
Improved Disability Pension:
  Disability Determinations
     and Effective Dates
 
5.380(a)....................  3.3(a)(3)(vi)(A),     Disability
5.380(b)....................   3.323(b), 3.342(a).   requirements for
                              3.3(a)(3)(vi)(B)(1)-   Improved Disability
                               (2)..                 Pension.
5.380(c)(4).................  3.342(b)(4).
5.380(c)(5).................  3.321(b)(2).
5.381.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.382.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.383(a)....................  3.400 introductory    Effective dates of
                               text, 3.400(b)(1)     awards of Improved
                               (introductory         Disability Pension.
                               text),
                               3.400(b)(1)(ii)(A).
5.383(b)....................  New.
5.384-5.389.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Special Monthly Pension
  Eligibility for a Veteran
    and Surviving Spouse
5.390.......................  3.23(d)(2),           Special monthly
                               3.351(a)(1),          pension for a
                               3.351(a)(5),          veteran or
                               3.351(b), 3.351(c).   surviving spouse
                                                     based on the need
                                                     for regular aid and
                                                     attendance.

[[Page 71361]]

 
5.391(a)....................  3.23(d)(3), 3.351(d)  Special monthly
5.391(b)....................  3.23(d)(3),            pension for a
                               3.351(f)..            veteran or
                                                     surviving spouse at
                                                     the housebound
                                                     rate.
5.392.......................  3.401(a)(1),          Effective dates of
                               3.402(c)(1).          awards of special
                                                     monthly pension.
5.393-5.399.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
Maximum Annual Pension Rates
 
5.400 (introduction)........  3.23(a) introductory  Maximum annual
5.400(a)....................   text, 3.24(b).        pension rates for a
5.400(b)....................  3.23(a)(1)..........   veteran, surviving
                              3.23(a)(3)..........   spouse, or
                                                     surviving child.
5.400(c)....................  3.23(a)(2).
5.400(d)....................  3.23(a)(4).
5.400(e)....................  3.23(a)(5).
5.400(f)....................  3.23(a)(7).
5.400(g)....................  3.23(a)(6).
5.400(h)....................  3.24(b).
5.401(a)....................  3.27(a).............  Automatic adjustment
5.401(b)....................  3.23(a), 3.24(b),      of maximum annual
                               3.27(e)..             pension rates.
5.402-5.409.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
Improved Pension Income, Net
    Worth, and Dependency
 
5.410(a)....................  3.271(a)............  Countable annual
                                                     income.
5.410(b)(1).................  3.23(d)(4).
5.410(b)(2).................  3.23(d)(5).
5.410(b)(3).................  New.
5.410(c) (introduction).....  3.271(a).
5.410(c)(1).................  3.271(a)(1),
                               3.273(d).
5.410(c)(2).................  3.271(a)(3),
                               3.273(c).
5.410(c)(3).................  3.271(a)(2),
                               3.273(d).
5.410(d)....................  3.276(a).
5.410(e)....................  3.271(b).
5.410(f) (except (f)(3))....  3.271(d).
5.410(f)(3).................  New.
5.410(g)....................  New.
5.411(a)....................  3.23(d)(4)-(6)......  Counting a child's
5.411(b)....................  3.23(d)(6) (second     income for Improved
5.411(c)....................   sentence),            Pension payable to
                               3.275(a)..            a child's parent.
                              3.23(d)(4),
                               3.23(d)(5),
                               3.272(m), 3.275(a)..
5.412(a)....................  3.272(j), 3.275(a)..  Income exclusions
5.412(b) (introduction).....  3.272(a)............   for calculating
                                                     countable annual
                                                     income.
5.412(b)(1).................  3.272(b).
5.412(b)(2).................  New.
5.412(b)(3).................  3.272(l).
5.412(c)(1).................  3.272(c).
5.412(c)(2).................  New.
5.412(d)....................  3.272(d).
5.412(e)....................  3.272(e).
5.412(f)....................  3.272(f).
5.412(g)....................  3.272(n).
5.412(h)....................  3.261(a)(38),
                               3.272(s).
5.412(i)-(k)................  New.
5.412(l)(1).................  3.272(q).
5.412(l)(2)-(7).............  New.
5.412(l)(8).................  3.272(x).
5.412(m)....................  New.
5.413(a)....................  3.272 (introductory   Income deductions
5.413(b) (introduction).....   text) (second         for calculating
                               sentence).            adjusted annual
                              3.272(g)               income.
                               introductory text,
                               (g)(1) introductory
                               text, (g)(2)
                               introductory text..
5.413(b)(1).................  3.272(g)(1)(iii),
                               3.272(g)(2)(iii),
                               3.272(g)(3).
5.413(b)(2)(i)..............  3.272(g)(1)(i),
                               3.272(g)(1)(ii).
5.413(b)(2)(ii).............  3.272(g)(2)(i),
                               3.272(g)(2)(ii).
5.413(b)(2)(iii)............  3.272(g)(3).
5.413(c)(1)(i)..............  3.272(h)
                               introductory text,
                               3.272(h)(1)(ii).
5.413(c)(1)(ii).............  New.
5.413(c)(1)(iii)............  3.272(h)(1)(ii).
5.413(c)(2)(i)..............  3.272(h)(2).
5.413(c)(2)(ii).............  3.272(h)(1)(ii).
5.413(c)(2)(iii)............  3.272(h)(1)(ii),
                               3.272(h)(2)(ii).
5.413(c)(2)(iv).............  3.272(h)(1)(i).
5.413(c)(3).................  3.272(h)(1)(ii).
5.413(d)....................  3.272(i).
5.413(e)....................  3.271(g).

[[Page 71362]]

 
5.413(f)....................  3.271(c).
5.414(a)(1).................  3.275(b)............  Net worth
5.414(a)(2).................  3.275(c)............   determinations for
                                                     Improved Pension.
5.414(a)(2).................  3.276(b).
5.414(b)(1).................  3.275(b).
5.414(b)(2).................  3.275(b).
5.414(b)(3).................  3.275(e).
5.414(b)(4).................  3.275(h).
5.414(b)(5)-(8).............  New.
5.414(c)(1).................  3.274(a).
5.414(c)(2).................  3.274(c).
5.414(c)(3)(i)..............  3.24(b).
5.414(c)(3)(ii).............  3.274(e).
5.414(d)(1) (first sentence)  3.274(a), 3.274(c),
                               3.274(e).
5.414(d) (except first        3.275(d).
 sentence).
5.414(e)....................  3.274(e).
5.415.......................  3.660(a)(2),          Effective dates of
                               3.660(d).             changes in Improved
                                                     Pension benefits
                                                     based on changes in
                                                     net worth.
5.416(a)....................  3.23(d)(1), 3.60....  Persons considered
5.416(b)....................  3.23(d)(1),            as dependents for
5.416(c)....................   3.23(d)(4)..          Improved Pension.
                              3.23(d)(4), (5).....
5.417(a)....................  3.57(d)(1)..........  Child custody for
5.417(b)....................  3.57(d)(2)..........   purposes of
5.417(c)....................  3.57(d)(3)..........   determining
                                                     dependency for
                                                     Improved Pension.
5.417(d)....................  3.57(d)(3).
5.418.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.419.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
  Improved Pension: Income
Reporting Periods, Payments,
  Effective Dates, and Time
           Limits
 
5.420.......................  New.................  Reporting periods
                                                     for Improved
                                                     Pension.
5.421.......................  3.29(b), 3.273        How VA calculates an
                               introductory text,    Improved Pension
                               3.273(a), 3.273(b).   payment amount.
5.422(a)(1).................  3.500(c)............  Effective dates of
5.422(a)(2).................  3.660(a)(2) (second    changes to annual
5.422(b)....................   sentence)..           Improved Pension
                              3.500(c), 3.660(b),    payment amounts due
                               3.660(c)..            to a change in
                                                     income.
5.423(a)....................  3.271(f)(1).........  Improved Pension
5.423(b)....................  3.271(f)(2).........   determinations when
                                                     expected annual
                                                     income is
                                                     uncertain.
5.424(a)-(c)................  3.660(b)............  Time limits to
5.424(d)....................  New.................   establish
                                                     entitlement to
                                                     Improved Pension or
                                                     to increase the
                                                     annual Improved
                                                     Pension amount
                                                     based on income.
5.425.......................  3.30 introductory     Frequency of payment
                               text, 3.30(a)-(d),    of Improved Pension
                               3.30(f).              benefits.
5.426-5.429.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Improved Death Pension
 Marriage Date Requirements
     and Effective Dates
5.430 (introduction)........  3.54 introductory     Marriage date
5.430(a)....................   text.                 requirements for
5.430(b)....................  3.54(a)(1)..........   Improved Death
                              3.54(a)(3)..........   Pension.
5.431(a)....................  New.................  Effective dates of
5.431(b)....................  3.400(c)............   Improved Death
                                                     Pension.
5.432.......................  New.................  Deemed valid
                                                     marriages and
                                                     contested claims
                                                     for Improved Death
                                                     Pension.
5.433(a)....................  3.657 introductory    Effective date of
5.433(b)(1).................   text.                 discontinuance of
5.433(b)(2).................  3.657(a)               Improved Death
                               introductory text,    Pension payments to
                               3.657(a)(1)..         a beneficiary no
                              3.500(f), 3.657(a)     longer recognized
                               introductory text,    as the veteran's
                               3.657(a)(2)..         surviving spouse.
5.434.......................  3.500(f),             Award or
                               3.503(a)(9),          discontinuance of
                               3.657(b).             award of Improved
                                                     Death Pension to a
                                                     surviving spouse
                                                     where Improved
                                                     Death Pension
                                                     payments to a child
                                                     are involved.
                                                    Calculating annual
                                                     Improved Pension
                                                     amounts for a
                                                     surviving child.
5.435(a)....................  3.24(b).
5.435(b)(1).................  3.24(c)(1).
5.435(b)(2).................  3.24(c)(2).
5.435(b)(3).................  3.57(d)(2).
5.436-5.459.................  ....................  Reserved.
 

[[Page 71363]]

 
  Choosing Improved Pension
    over Other VA Pension
          Programs
 
5.460.......................  3.1(u), 3.1(v),       Definitions of
                               3.1(x).               certain VA pension
                                                     programs.
5.461.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.462.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.463.......................  3.713(a)............  Effective dates of
                                                     Improved Pension
                                                     elections.
5.464.......................  3.700(a)(4).........  Multiple pension
                                                     benefits not
                                                     payable.
5.465-5.469.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
  Continuing Entitlement to
 Old-Law Pension or Section
         306 Pension
 
5.470(a)....................  3.960(b), 3.252(a),   Reasons for
5.470(b)....................   3.252(b).             discontinuing or
5.470(c)....................  3.960(d)............   reducing Old-Law
                              3.960(c)............   Pension or Section
                                                     306 Pension.
5.471.......................  3.28................  Annual income limits
                                                     and rates for Old-
                                                     Law Pension and
                                                     Section 306
                                                     Pension.
5.472(a)....................  3.262(b)............  Rating of income for
5.472(b)(1).................  3.252(c)............   Old-Law Pension and
                                                     Section 306
                                                     Pension.
5.472(b)(2) (introduction)..  New.
5.472(b)(2)(i),               3.262(h).
 5.472(b)(2)(ii).
5.472(b)(3).................  3.260(g).
5.472(b)(4).................  3.252(c), 3.260
                               introductory text,
                               3.660(a)(2).
5.472(c)(1).................  3.262(a)(2),
                               3.262(a)(3).
5.472(c)(2).................  3.262(j)(4).
5.472(c)(3).................  3.261(a)(22),
                               3.262(a)(1).
5.472(d)(1),................  3.262(k)(1),
                               3.262(k)(2).
5.472(d)(2).................  3.262(k)(1),
                               3.262(k)(2).
5.472(d)(3).................  New.
5.472(d)(4).................  3.262(k)(1).
5.472(d)(5).................  3.262(k)(3),
                               3.262(k)(4).
5.472(d)(6).................  3.262(k)(4).
5.472(d)(7).................  3.262(k)(5).
5.472(e)....................  3.261(a)(20).
5.472(f) introduction)......  3.262(t)
                               introductory text.
5.472(f)(1).................  3.261(a)(6),
                               3.262(c).
5.472(f)(2).................  3.262(r).
5.472(f)(3).................  3.261(a)(12).
5.472(f)(4).................  3.261(a)(13).
5.472(f)(5).................  3.261(a)(31).
5.472(f)(6).................  3.262(t)(2).
5.472(f)(7).................  3.261(a)(20).
5.472(f)(8).................  3.261(a)(7).
5.472(f)(9).................  3.262(a)(2).
5.472(f)(10)................  3.261(a)(26).
5.472(f)(11)................  3.261(a)(22).
5.472(f)(12)................  3.262(e)
                               introductory text,
                               3.262(e)(1)-(2),
                               3.262(f)-(g),
                               3.262(i)(2),
                               3.262(j)(1)-(3).
5.472(f)(13)................  New.
5.472(g)(1).................  3.262(d), 3.262(f).
5.472(g)(2).................  3.262(f).
5.472(g)(3).................  3.262(k)(1).
5.472(h)....................  3.262(d).
5.473(a)....................  3.262(b)(2).........  Counting a
5.473(b)(1).................  New.................   dependent's income
5.473(b)(2).................  3.262(b)(2).........   for Old-Law Pension
                                                     and Section 306
                                                     Pension.
5.473(c)(1).................  3.252(e)(2).
5.473(c)(2).................  3.252(e)(3).
5.473(d)....................  3.261(a)(4).
5.474(a)....................  3.960(a)............  Deductible expenses
5.474(b)....................  3.261(b)(1),           for Section 306
5.474(c)....................   3.262(l),             Pension only.
                               3.262(l)(1)-(3)..
                              3.261(b)(3),
                               3.262(n), 3.262(p)..
5.474(d)....................  3.261(b)(5),
                               3.262(k)(6).
5.475(a)....................  3.260(f)............  Gaining or losing a
5.475(b) (except (b)(2)(ii))  3.260(f)............   dependent for Old-
5.475(b)(2)(ii).............  3.252(e)(4).........   Law Pension and
5.475(c)....................  3.252(d)............   Section 306
                                                     Pension.
5.476(a)....................  3.263(b)............  Net worth for
5.476(b)....................  3.263(a)............   Section 306 Pension
5.476(c)....................  3.263(d)............   only.
5.476(d)....................  New.................

[[Page 71364]]

 
5.477(a) (introduction),      3.501(d)(2),          Effective dates of
 5.477(a)(1).                  3.660(a)(2).          reductions or
5.477(a)(2).................  3.660(a)(2).........   discontinuances of
5.477(a)(3).................  3.660(a)(2).........   Old-Law Pension and
5.477(b)....................  New.................   Section 306
                                                     Pension.
5.478(a)....................  3.260(b)............  Time limit to
5.478(b)....................  3.660(b)(1).........   establish
5.478(c)....................  3.960(d)............   continuing
                                                     entitlement to Old-
                                                     Law Pension or
                                                     Section 306
                                                     Pension.
5.479-5.499.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart G--Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Death Compensation,
 Accrued Benefits, and Special Rules Applicable Upon Death of a
 Beneficiary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     General Provisions
 
5.500(a)....................  New.................  Proof of death.
5.500(b)....................  3.211(a).
5.500(c) introduction.......  New.
5.500(c) (except              3.211(d).
 introduction).
5.500(d)....................  3.211(b).
5.500(e)....................  3.211(c).
5.501(a)....................  New.................  Proving death by
                                                     other means.
5.501(b)....................  3.211(e) (first
                               sentence).
5.501(c)....................  3.211(e) (second
                               sentence).
5.501(d)....................  3.211(f), 3.211(g).
5.502(a)....................  3.212(a)............  Proving death after
5.502(b)....................  3.212(b)............   7 years of
5.502(c)....................  3.212(b), 3.212(c)..   continuous,
                                                     unexplained
                                                     absence.
5.503(a)....................  New.................  Establishing the
5.503(b)....................  3.212(a)............   date of death.
5.503(c)....................  New.................
5.504.......................  3.312...............  Service-connected
                                                     cause of death.
5.505-5.509.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
  Dependency and Indemnity
    Compensation--General
5.510(a)....................  3.5(a)..............  Dependency and
5.510(b), except for          New.................   indemnity
 (b)(1)(ii).                  3.5(b)..............   compensation--basic
5.510(b)(1)(ii).............  3.5(d)..............   entitlement.
5.510(c)....................
5.510(d)....................  3.251(a)(1).
5.511(a)....................  3.351(a)(3),          Special monthly
5.511(b)....................   3.351(a)(4),          dependency and
5.511(c)....................   3.351(b),             indemnity
                               3.351(c)(3).          compensation.
                              3.351(c)(1),
                               3.351(c)(2)..
                              3.351(e)............
5.512.......................  3.5(c)..............  Eligibility for
                                                     death compensation
                                                     or death pension
                                                     instead of
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.513-5.519.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
  Dependency and Indemnity
  Compensation--Eligibility
  Requirements and Payment
 Rules for Surviving Spouses
        and Children
 
5.520(a)....................  New.................  Dependency and
5.520(b)....................  3.22(d).............   indemnity
5.520(b)(1)(i)..............  3.54 introductory      compensation--time
5.520(b)(1)(ii).............   text..                of marriage
5.520(b)(1)(iii)............  3.54(c)(2)..........   requirements for
5.520(b)(1)(iv).............  3.54(c)(3)..........   surviving spouses.
5.520(b)(2).................  3.54(c)(1)..........
                              New.................
5.521.......................  3.22(a), 3.22(b),     Dependency and
                               3.22(c).              indemnity
                                                     compensation
                                                     benefits for
                                                     survivors of
                                                     certain veterans
                                                     rated totally
                                                     disabled at time of
                                                     death.
5.522(a), 5.522(b)..........  3.22(e).............  Dependency and
5.522(c)(1).................  New.................   indemnity
5.522(c)(2).................  3.22(g).............   compensation
5.522(c)(3).................  New.................   benefits for
5.522(c)(4).................  3.22(f).............   survivors of
5.522(c)(5).................  3.22(g).............   certain veterans
5.522(d)....................  3.22(g).............   rated totally
                                                     disabled at time of
                                                     death--offset of
                                                     wrongful death
                                                     damages.
5.523.......................  3.10................  Dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation rate
                                                     for a surviving
                                                     spouse.
5.524(a), except for (a)(1).  3.650(c)(2).........  Awards of dependency
5.524(a)(1).................  3.650(c)(1).........   and indemnity
5.524(b), 5.524(c)..........  3.650(c)(1).........   compensation
                                                     benefits to a child
                                                     when there is a
                                                     retroactive award
                                                     to a schoolchild.

[[Page 71365]]

 
5.525.......................  3.107...............  Awards of dependency
                                                     and indemnity
                                                     compensation when
                                                     not all dependents
                                                     apply.
5.526-5.529.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
  Dependency and Indemnity
  Compensation--Eligibility
  Requirements and Payment
     Rules for A Parent
 
5.530.......................  New.................  Eligibility for, and
                                                     payment of,
                                                     parent's dependency
                                                     and indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.531(a)....................  3.251(b), 3.262(a)    General income rules
5.531(b)(1).................   introductory text..   for parent's
5.531(b)(2)(i)..............  3.262(a)               dependency and
                               introductory text..   indemnity
                              3.261(a)(7).........   compensation.
5.531(b)(2)(ii).............  3.261(a)(26).
5.531(b)(2)(iii)............  3.262(h).
5.531(c)....................  3.262(b)(1).
5.531(d)(1), 5.531(d)(2)....  3.262(k)(1),
                               3.262(k)(2).
5.531(d)(3).................  New.
5.531(d)(4).................  3.262(k)(1).
5.531(e)....................  3.260(b).
5.532(a)....................  3.262(a)(2),          Deductions from
5.532(b)....................   3.262(a)(3).          income for parent's
5.532(c)....................  3.262(j)(4).........   dependency and
5.532(d)....................  3.261(b)(2),           indemnity
5.532(e)....................   3.261(b)(4),          compensation.
                               3.262(o), 3.262(p)..
                              3.261(b)(1),
                               3.262(l)
                               introductory text,
                               3.262(l)(4)..
                              3.261(a)(22),
                               3.262(a)(1)..
5.533(a)....................  3.261(a)(12)........  Income not counted
5.533(b)(1).................  3.262(c)............   for parent's
5.533(b)(2).................  3.262(d), 3.262(f)..   dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.533(c), 5.533(d)..........  3.261(a)(20).
5.533(e)....................  3.262(f).
5.533(f)....................  3.261(a)(13).
5.533(g) (introduction).....  3.262(e)
                               introductory text,
                               3.262(e)(1),
                               3.262(e)(2),
                               3.262(e)(4).
5.533(g)....................  3.262(e)
                               introductory text,
                               3.262(e)(4),
                               3.262(f)-(g),
                               3.262(i)(2),
                               3.262(j)(1)-(2),
                               3.262(j)(4).
5.533(h)....................  3.262(t)
                               introductory text,
                               3.262(t)(1).
5.533(i)....................  3.262(k)(5).
5.533(j)....................  3.261(a)(31).
5.533(k)....................  3.261(a)(38),
                               3.262(w).
5.533(l)-(n)................  New.
5.533(o)....................  3.262(a)(2) (last
                               sentence).
5.533(p)....................  3.261(a)(22).
5.533(q)....................  New.
5.534(a)....................  3.251(b), 3.260       When VA counts a
5.534(b)....................   introductory text.    parent's income for
5.534(c)....................  3.260(c), 3.260(d),    parent's dependency
                               3.260(f)..            and indemnity
                              3.260(f)............   compensation.
5.535.......................  3.660(b)              Adjustment to a
                               introductory text,    parent's dependency
                               3.660(b)(1).          and indemnity
                                                     compensation when
                                                     income changes.
5.536(a)....................  3.25................  Parent's dependency
                                                     and indemnity
                                                     compensation rates.
5.536(b)....................  3.25, 3.27(b),
                               3.27(e).
5.536(c)....................  3.25(b),
                               3.251(a)(2).
5.536(d)....................  3.251(a)(4).
5.536(e)....................  3.251(a)(5).
5.536(f)(1).................  3.25(a), 3.25(c),
                               3.25(d).
5.536(f)(2).................  3.25(e).
5.536(g)....................  3.260(f).
5.536(h)....................  3.704(b).
5.537(b)....................  3.30 introductory     Payment intervals
                               text, 3.30(e).        for parent's
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
 
       Effective Dates
 
5.538(a)....................  3.400(c)(1).........  Effective date of
5.538(b)....................  3.400(c)(2).........   dependency and
5.538(c)....................  3.400(c)(4)(i)......   indemnity
5.538(d)....................  3.400(c)(4)(ii).....   compensation award.
5.538(e)....................  3.402(a)............

[[Page 71366]]

 
5.539(a)....................  3.657 introductory    Discontinuance of
5.539(b)(1).................   text.                 dependency and
5.539(b)(2).................  3.657(a)               indemnity
                               introductory text,    compensation to a
                               3.657(a)(1)..         person no longer
                              3.500(f), 3.657(a)     recognized as the
                               introductory text,    veteran's surviving
                               3.657(a)(2)..         spouse.
5.540(a)....................  3.657 introductory    Effective date and
5.540(b)....................   text.                 payment adjustment
5.540(c)(1), 5.540(c)(2)....  3.657(b)(1).........   rules for award or
5.540(c)(3).................  3.657(b)(2).........   discontinuance of
                              New.................   dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation to a
                                                     surviving spouse
                                                     where payments to a
                                                     child are involved.
5.541.......................  3.502 introductory    Effective date of
                               text, 3.502(b).       reduction of a
                                                     surviving spouse's
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation due to
                                                     recertification of
                                                     pay grade.
5.542(a)....................  3.660(b)              Effective date of an
5.542(b)....................   introductory text,    award or an
                               3.660(b)(1).          increased rate
                              3.660(b)(2).........   based on decreased
                                                     income: parents'
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.543(a)....................  3.660(a)(2) (second   Effective date of
5.543(b)....................   sentence).            reduction or
                              3.660(a)(3).........   discontinuance
                                                     based on increased
                                                     income: parents'
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.544(a)....................  3.650(a)              Dependency and
5.544(b)(1).................   introductory text.    indemnity
5.544(b)(2).................  3.650(a)(1).........   compensation rate
5.544(c)....................  3.650(a)(2).........   adjustments when an
5.544(d)....................  3.650(b)............   additional survivor
                              3.650(a) (last         files a claim.
                               paragraph)..
5.545(a)....................  3.402(c), 3.404.....  Effective dates of
5.545(b)(1).................  3.502(e)(1), 3.504..   awards and
5.545(b)(2).................  New.................   discontinuances of
5.545(c)....................  3.402(c)(2), 3.404..   special monthly
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.546-5.550.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
      Accrued Benefits
 
5.551(a)....................  3.667(e),             Persons entitled to
                               3.1000(d)(2),         accrued benefits.
                               3.1000(d)(3).
5.551(b)....................  3.1000(a).
5.551(c)....................  3.1000(a)(1),
                               3.1000(d)(1).
5.551(d)....................  3.1000(a)(2),
                               3.1000(f).
5.551(e)....................  3.1000(a)(3),
                               3.1000(a)(4),
                               3.1000(d)(2).
5.551(f)....................  3.1000(a)(5),
                               3.1002.
5.551(g)....................  3.1000(c)(2).
5.552.......................  3.1000(c)...........  Claims for accrued
                                                     benefits.
5.553.......................  3.1000(c)(1)........  Notice of incomplete
                                                     applications for
                                                     accrued benefits.
5.554.......................  3.803(d), 3.1000(e)-  VA benefits payable
                               (h).                  as accrued
                                                     benefits.
5.555.......................  New.................  Relationship between
                                                     accrued-benefits
                                                     claim and claims
                                                     filed by the
                                                     deceased
                                                     beneficiary.
5.556-5.563.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
     Special Provisions
 
5.564(a)(1).................  3.1003 introductory   Cancelation of
5.564(a)(2), 5.564(a)(3)....   text, 3.1003(a),      checks mailed to a
5.564(b)....................   3.1003(b).            deceased payee;
5.564(c)....................  New.................   payment of such
                              3.1003(a)(2)........   funds as accrued
                              3.1003(c)...........   benefits.
5.565(a)-(d)(1).............  New.................  Special rules for
5.565(d)(2).................  3.1008..............   payment of VA
                                                     benefits on deposit
                                                     in a special
                                                     deposit account
                                                     when a payee living
                                                     in a foreign
                                                     country dies.
5.566(a)....................  3.1009 introductory   Special rules for
5.566(b) and (c)............   text.                 payment of all VA
5.566(d)....................  New.................   benefits except
5.566(e)....................  3.1000(d)(1)-(3),      insurance payments
                               3.1009(a)..           deposited in a
                              3.1009(b)...........   personal funds of
                                                     patients account
                                                     when an incompetent
                                                     veteran dies.
5.567.......................  3.1001..............  Special rules for
                                                     payment of Old-Law
                                                     Pension when a
                                                     hospitalized
                                                     competent veteran
                                                     dies.
5.568.......................  3.1007..............  Non-payment of
                                                     certain benefits
                                                     upon death of an
                                                     incompetent
                                                     veteran.
5.569-5.579.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Subpart H--Special and Ancillary Benefits for Veterans, Dependents, and
                                Survivors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Special Benefits for
  Veterans, Dependents, and
          Survivors
 
5.580(a)....................  3.802(a)............  Medal of Honor
                                                     pension.
5.580(b)(1), 5.580(b)(2)....  3.802(b).

[[Page 71367]]

 
5.580(b)(3).................  3.802(c).
5.580(b)(4).................  3.27(d).
5.580(c), 5.580(d)..........  3.802(b).
5.581(a), 5.581(b)..........  3.801(a)............  Awards of VA
5.581(c)(1).................  3.801(c)(2).........   benefits based on
5.581(c)(2).................  3.801(d)............   special acts or
                                                     private laws.
5.581(d)....................  3.801(b).
5.581(e)(1).................  3.801(e).
5.581(e)(2).................  New.
5.581(f)....................  3.801(c)(1).
5.582.......................  3.803...............  Naval pension.
5.583.......................  3.804...............  Special allowance
                                                     under 38 U.S.C.
                                                     1312.
5.584.......................  3.805...............  Loan guaranty for a
                                                     surviving spouse:
                                                     eligibility
                                                     requirements.
5.585.......................  3.806...............  Certification for
                                                     death gratuity.
5.586(a)....................  New.................  Certification for
5.586(b)....................  3.807(c)............   dependents'
5.586(c)....................  3.807(c)............   educational
                                                     assistance.
5.587.......................  3.811...............  Minimum income
                                                     annuity and
                                                     gratuitous annuity.
5.588.......................  3.812...............  Special allowance
                                                     payable under
                                                     section 156 of
                                                     Public Law 97-377.
5.589.......................  3.27(c); 3.814......  Monetary allowance
                                                     for a Vietnam
                                                     veteran's child
                                                     born with spina
                                                     bifida.
5.590.......................  3.27(c), 3.815......  Monetary allowance
                                                     for a female
                                                     Vietnam veteran's
                                                     child with certain
                                                     birth defects.
5.591 (introduction)........  New.................  Effective dates of
5.591(a) (introduction).....  3.403(b), 3.403(c),    awards for a
                               3.814(e)              disabled child of a
                               introductory text,    Vietnam veteran.
                               3.815(i)
                               introductory text..
5.591(a)(1).................  3.403(b).
5.591(a)(2).................  3.403(c), 3.815(i)
                               introductory text.
5.591(a)(3).................  3.403(b), 3.403(c),
                               3.815(i).
5.591(a)(4).................  3.400(g),
                               3.814(e)(2),
                               3.815(i)(2).
5.591(a)(5).................  3.400(o)(2),
                               3.814(e)(1),
                               3.815(i)(1).
5.591(b) (introduction).....  3.500(a), 3.814(f),
                               3.815(j).
5.591(b)(1).................  3.814(f)(1),
                               3.815(j)(1).
5.591(b)(2).................  3.814(f)(2),
                               3.815(j)(2).
5.591(b)(3).................  3.503(b).
5.591(b)(4).................  3.814(f)
                               introductory text;
                               3.815(j)
                               introductory text.
5.591(b)(5).................  3.105(g), 3.500(r).
5.592.......................  3.816...............  Awards under Nehmer
                                                     Court orders for
                                                     disability or death
                                                     caused by a
                                                     condition
                                                     presumptively
                                                     associated with
                                                     herbicide exposure.
5.593-5.599.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Ancillary Benefits for
  Certain Service-Connected
Veterans and Certain Members
 of the Armed Forces Serving
       on Active Duty
 
5.600-5.602.................  ....................  Reserved.
5.603(a)....................  New.................  Financial assistance
5.603(b)(1).................  3.808(e)............   to purchase a
5.603(b)(2).................  New.................   vehicle or adaptive
                                                     equipment.
5.603(c)(1).................  3.808(a), 3.808(b).
5.603(c)(2)(i)-(iv).........  3.808(b).
5.603(c)(2)(v)..............  New.
5.603(d)(1).................  3.808(c).
5.603(d)(2).................  New.
5.603(d)(3).................  3.808(d).
5.603(e)....................  3.808(c).
5.604.......................  3.809...............  Specially adapted
                                                     housing under 38
                                                     U.S.C. 2101(a).
5.605.......................  3.809a..............  Special home
                                                     adaptation grants
                                                     under 38 U.S.C.
                                                     2101(b).
5.606(a)....................  New.................  Clothing allowance.
5.606(b)....................  3.810(a)
                               introductory text.
5.606(b)(1).................  3.810(a)(1).
5.606(b)(2).................  3.810(a)(2).
5.606(b)(3).................  3.810(a)(2).
5.606(c)....................  3.810(a)
                               introductory text.
5.606(c)(1), 5.606(c)(2)....  3.810(a)(1),
                               3.810(a)(2).

[[Page 71368]]

 
5.606(d)....................  3.810(b).
5.606(e)(1).................  3.810(c)(1).
5.606(e)(2).................  3.810(c)(2).
5.606(f)....................  3.810(d).
5.607-5.609.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Subpart I--Benefits for Certain Filipino Veterans and Survivors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Philippine Service
 
5.610.......................  3.40................  Eligibility for VA
                                                     benefits based on
                                                     Philippine service.
5.611.......................  3.41................  Philippine service:
                                                     determination of
                                                     periods of active
                                                     military service,
                                                     including, but not
                                                     limited to, periods
                                                     of active military
                                                     service while in
                                                     prisoner of war
                                                     status.
 
Benefits and Effective Dates
of Certain Filipino Veterans
        and Survivors
 
5.612.......................  New.................  Overview of benefits
                                                     available to a
                                                     Filipino veteran
                                                     and his or her
                                                     survivor.
5.613.......................  3.42................  Payment at the full-
                                                     dollar rate for
                                                     disability
                                                     compensation or
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation for
                                                     certain Filipino
                                                     veterans or their
                                                     survivors residing
                                                     in the U.S.
5.614.......................  3.405...............  Effective dates of
                                                     benefits at the
                                                     full-dollar rate
                                                     for a Filipino
                                                     veteran and his or
                                                     her survivor.
5.615(a)....................  3.251(a)(3).........  Parents' dependency
5.615(b)....................  3.251(a)(1),           and indemnity
                               3.251(a)(3)..         compensation based
                                                     on certain
                                                     Philippine service.
5.616.......................  3.1605(a)(3) (last    Hospitalization in
                               sentence).            the Philippines.
5.617(a)....................  3.43(a).............  Burial benefits at
5.617(b)....................  3.43(b).............   the full-dollar
5.617(c)....................  3.43(c).............   rate for certain
                                                     Filipino veterans
                                                     residing in the
                                                     U.S. on the date of
                                                     death.
5.618(a)....................  New.................  Effective dates of
5.618(b)....................  3.500(p)............   reductions and
5.618 (c)...................  3.505...............   discontinuances for
                                                     benefits at the
                                                     full-dollar rate
                                                     for a Filipino
                                                     veteran and his or
                                                     her survivor.
5.619-5.629.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Subpart J--Burial Benefits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Burial Benefits: General....
 
5.630.......................  New.................  Types of VA burial
                                                     benefits.
5.631(a), 5.631(b)..........  3.1600 (first         Deceased veterans
5.631(c)....................   sentence),            for whom VA may
                               3.1600(d).            provide burial
                              New.................   benefits.
5.632.......................  3.1601(a)(1),         Persons who may
                               3.1601(a)(2).         receive burial
                                                     benefits.
5.633(a)....................  3.1601(a)...........  Claims for burial
5.633(b)....................  3.203(c), 3.1601(b).   benefits.
5.634(a)....................  New.................  Reimbursable burial
5.634(b)(1).................  3.1607..............   expenses: general.
5.634(b)(2), 5.634(b)(3)....  3.1608..............
5.635.......................  3.1606..............  Reimbursable
                                                     transportation
                                                     expenses for a
                                                     veteran who is
                                                     buried in a
                                                     national cemetery
                                                     or who died while
                                                     hospitalized by VA.
5.636.......................  3.1600(b)(3),         Burial of a veteran
                               3.1601(b)(5),         whose remains are
                               3.1603, 3.1610(b).    unclaimed.
5.637.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
 Burial Benefits: Allowances
    & Expenses Paid by VA
 
5.638(a)....................  3.1600(a)...........  Burial allowance
5.638(b)....................  New.................   based on service-
5.638(c)(1).................  3.1600(g)...........   connected death.
5.638(c)(2).................  New.................
5.639(a), 5.639(c)..........  3.1600(g)...........  Transportation
5.639(b)....................  New.................   expenses for burial
                                                     in a national
                                                     cemetery.
5.640-5.642.................  ....................  Reserved.
5.643.......................  3.1600(b)(1)-(2),     Burial allowance
                               3.1600(b)(4).         based on nonservice-
                                                     connected death.

[[Page 71369]]

 
5.644(a)....................  3.1600(c), 3.1605     Burial allowance for
5.644(b)(1)-(4).............   introductory text.    a veteran who died
5.644(b)(5).................  3.1600(c)...........   while hospitalized
                              3.1605(a)...........   by VA.
5.644(b)(6).................  3.1605(d).
5.644(c)....................  3.1605(a).
5.644(d)....................  3.1605(b).
5.645(a)....................  3.1604(d)(1)(i)-(iv)  Plot or interment
                               , 3.1604(d)(3).       allowance.
5.645(b)....................  3.1600(f).
5.645(c)....................  3.1601(a)(3).
5.646-5.648.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
   Burial Benefits: Other
 
5.649(a)....................  3.1602(b),            Priority of payments
5.649(b)....................   3.1604(d)(4).         when there is more
5.649(c)....................  3.1602(a)...........   than one claimant.
                              3.1602(c)...........
5.649(d)....................  3.1601(a)(2)(iii)
                               (second and third
                               sentences).
5.649(e)....................  3.1602(a).
5.650.......................  3.1602(d)...........  Escheat (payment of
                                                     burial benefits to
                                                     an estate with no
                                                     heirs).
5.651(a), (b)...............  3.1604(a),            Effect of
5.651(c)(1).................   3.1604(c),            contributions by
5.651(c)(2).................   3.1604(a)(2).         government, public,
                              3.1604(b)(1),          or private
                               3.1604(b)(2).         organizations.
                              3.1604(b)(3)........
5.651(c)(3).................  New.
5.651(d)....................  3.1604(a)(1).
5.652.......................  3.1609..............  Effect of forfeiture
                                                     on payment of
                                                     burial benefits.
5.653.......................  3.954...............  Eligibility based on
                                                     status before 1958.
5.654-5.659.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Subpart K--Matters Affecting the Receipt of Benefits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Bars to Benefits
 
5.660(a)....................  3.301(a)............  In the line of duty.
5.660(b)....................  3.1(m) (first
                               sentence).
5.660(c)....................  3.1(m)(1)-(3).
5.660(d)....................  3.1(m) (second
                               sentence).
5.661(b)(1).................  3.1(n)(3), 3.301(a).  Willful misconduct.
5.661(b)(2).................  3.301(b).
5.661(c)(1).................  3.301(c)(2),
                               3.301(d).
5.661(c)(2).................  3.301(c)(3),
                               3.301(d).
5.661(d)....................  3.302.
5.661(e)....................  3.301(c)(1).
5.661(f)....................  3.1(n) introductory
                               text.
5.662(a)....................  3.301(d).
5.662(b)-(d)................  New.................  Alcohol and drug
                                                     abuse.
5.663.......................  3.11................  Homicide as a bar to
5.663(c)-(f)................  New.................   VA benefits.
5.664-5.674.................
 
 Forfeiture and Renouncement
 of the Right to VA Benefits
 
5.675(a)....................  3.900(a)............  General forfeiture
5.675(b)....................  3.900(c)............   provisions.
5.676(a)....................  3.901(a)............  Forfeiture for
                                                     fraud.
5.676(b)(1).................  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.901(d).
5.676(b)(2).................  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.901(b).
5.676(b)(3)(i)..............  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.901(d) (last
                               sentence).
5.676(b)(3)(ii)-(iii),        New.
 5.676(b)(4).
5.676(b)(5).................  3.669(a),
                               3.669(b)(1),
                               3.900(b)(2).
5.676(c)(1).................  3.669(d)(1),
                               3.900(b)(2) (last
                               sentence).
5.676(c)(2)(i)..............  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.901(c).
5.676(c)(2)(ii), 5.676(c)(3)  New.
5.676(d)....................  3.904(a).
5.676(e)....................  New.
5.677(a)....................  3.902(a)............  Forfeiture for
                                                     treasonable acts.
5.677(b)(1).................  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.902(d).
5.677(b)(2).................  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.902(b), 3.904(b)
                               (last sentence).
5.677(b)(3)(i)..............  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.902(d) (last
                               sentence).
5.677(b)(3)(ii).............  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.904(b) (last
                               sentence).
5.677(b)(4).................  New.
5.677(b)(5).................  3.669(a),
                               3.669(b)(2),
                               3.900(b)(2).
5.677(c)(1).................  3.669(d)(1),
                               3.900(b)(2) (last
                               sentence).

[[Page 71370]]

 
5.677(c)(2).................  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.902(c), 3.904(b).
5.677(d)....................  3.902(e).
5.677(e)....................  New.
5.678(a)(1).................  3.903(a)(3).........  Forfeiture for
                                                     subversive
                                                     activity.
5.678(a)(2).................  3.903(a)(1).
5.678(a)(3).................  3.903(a)(2).
5.678(a)(4).................  3.903(a)(4).
5.678(a)(5).................  3.903(a)(5).
5.678(b)(1).................  3.903(b)(2).
5.678(b)(2)(i)..............  3.669(a).
5.678(b)(2)(ii).............  3.669(c) (first
                               sentence).
5.678(b)(3)(i),               3.900(b)(2),
 5.678(b)(3)(ii).              3.903(b)(1).
5.678(b)(3)(iii)............  New.
5.678(b)(3)(iv).............  3.900(b)(2),
                               3.903(b)(1),
                               3.904(c) (first
                               sentence).
5.678(c)(1).................  New.
5.678(c)(2).................  3.904(c) (last
                               sentence).
5.679(a)....................  3.905(a)............  Forfeiture decision
                                                     procedures.
5.679(b)....................  3.905(b).
5.679(c)(1).................  3.905(c).
5.679(c)(2).................  3.905(b).
5.679(d), 5.679(e)..........  3.905(d).
5.680(a)....................  3.905(a)............  Revocation of
                                                     forfeiture.
5.680(b)....................  New.
5.680(c)(1), 5.680(c)(2)....  3.901(e).
5.680(c)(3).................  3.905(e).
5.681(a)(1).................  3.669(a).
5.681(a)(2).................  3.669(b)............  Effective dates:
                                                     forfeiture.
5.681(b)(1).................  3.500(k),
                               3.669(b)(1) (last
                               sentence).
5.681(b)(2).................  3.500(s)(1),
                               3.669(b)(2) (last
                               sentence).
5.681(b)(3).................  3.500(s)(2),
                               3.669(c) (last
                               sentence).
5.682(a)....................  3.903(c)............  Presidential pardon
5.682(b), 5.682(c)..........  3.669(d)(1).........   for offenses
5.682(d)....................  3.669(d)(2).........   causing forfeiture.
5.683(a), 5.683(b)..........  3.106(a)............  Renouncement of
                                                     benefits.
5.683(c)....................  3.106(a), 3.500(q).
5.683(d)(1).................  3.106(d).
5.683(d)(2).................  3.106(e).
5.683(e)(1).................  3.106(b), 3.400(s).
5.683(e)(2).................  3.106(c).
5.684-5.689.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Subpart L--Payments and Adjustments to Payments
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  General Rate-Setting and
          Payments
 
5.690.......................  3.21................  Where to find
                                                     benefit rates and
                                                     income limits.
5.691(a)....................  3.260(g)............  Adjustments for
                                                     fractions of
                                                     dollars.
5.691(b)....................  3.29(a), 3.29(c).
5.691(c)....................  3.29(b).
5.692.......................  3.112...............  Fractions of one
                                                     cent not paid.
5.693(a)....................  3.31(a).............  Beginning date for
5.693(b), 5.693(c)(8),        3.31 introductory      certain VA benefit
 5.693(d).                     text..                payments.
5.693(c)....................  3.31(b), 3.31(c).
5.693(c)(1).................  3.31(b).
5.693(c)(2).................  New.
5.693(c)(3).................  3.31(c)(1).
5.693(c)(4).................  3.31(c)(3).
5.693(c)(5).................  3.31(c)(4).
5.693(c)(6).................  3.31(c)(5).
5.693(c)(7).................  3.31(c)(3).
5.693(c)(8).................  3.31(c)(2).
5.693(c)(9).................  3.656(a), 3.656(d).
5.693(c)(10)................  New.
5.693(d)....................  3.31(c)(2).
5.693(e)....................  New.
5.694.......................  3.500(g)(1).........  Deceased
                                                     beneficiary.
5.695.......................  3.20................  Surviving spouse's
                                                     benefit for the
                                                     month of the
                                                     veteran's death.
5.696(a)....................  3.57(a)(1)(iii),      Payments to or for a
5.696(b)....................   3.403(a)(4).          child pursuing a
5.696(c)....................  3.403(a)(4),           course of
5.696(d)....................   3.667(a)(1) and       instruction at an
                               (2)..                 approved
                              3.403(a)(4),           educational
                               3.667(a)(3)-(5)..     institution.
                              3.403(a)(4),
                               3.667(a)(5)..

[[Page 71371]]

 
5.696(e)....................  3.403(a)(4).
5.696(f)....................  3.403(a)(4),
                               3.667(b).
5.696(g)....................  3.403(a)(4),
                               3.503(a)(5),
                               3.667(c).
5.696(h)....................  3.403(a)(4),
                               3.667(d).
5.696(i)....................  3.403(a)(4),
                               3.667(f).
5.697(a) (introduction).....  3.32 (introductory    Exchange rates for
5.697(a)(1).................   text).                income received or
5.697(a)(2).................  3.32(a)(1)..........   expenses paid in
5.697(b)....................  3.32(a)(2)..........   foreign currencies.
                              3.32(b).............
5.698-5.704.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
     General Reductions,
    Discontinuances, and
         Resumptions
 
5.705(a)....................  3.500 introductory    General effective
                               text, 3.500(a),       dates for reduction
                               3.501 introductory    or discontinuance
                               text, 3.502           of benefits.
                               introductory text,
                               3.500(a)
                               introductory text.
5.705(b)....................  New.
5.706(a)....................  New.
5.706(b) (introduction).....  New.
5.706(b)(1).................  3.261(a)(32)........  Payments excluded in
5.706(b)(2).................  3.261(a)(41),          calculating income
5.706(b)(3).................   3.262(z), 3.263(h),   or net worth.
                               3.272(v), 3.275(j)..
                              3.261(a)(36),
                               3.262(u), 3.263(f),
                               3.272(p), 3.275(g)..
5.706(b)(4).................  New.
5.706(b)(5).................  3.261(a)(35),
                               3.262(s), 3.263(e),
                               3.272(o), 3.275(f).
5.706(b)(6).................  3.261(a)(40),
                               3.262(y), 3.263(g),
                               3.272(u), 3.275(i).
5.706(b)(7).................  New.
5.706(b)(8).................  New.
5.706(b)(9).................  New.
5.706(b)(10)................  New.
5.706(b)(11)................  3.261(a)(39),3.262(x
                               ) 3.272(t).
5.706(b)(12)................  New.
5.70(b)(13).................  New.
5.706(b)(14)................  New.
5.706(b)(15)................  3.261(a)(33),
                               3.261(a)(34).
5.706(b)(16)................  New.
5.706(b)(17)................  New.
5.706(b)(18)................  New.
5.706(b)(19)................  New.
5.706(b)(20)................  New.
5.706(b)(21)................  3.261(a)(33),
                               3.262(q).
5.706(b)(22)................  New.
5.706(b)(23)................  3.261(a)(14);
                               3.262(e).
5.706(b)(24)................  3.261(a)(42),
                               3.262(aa),
                               3.263(i), 3.272(w),
                               3.275(k).
5.707(a), 5.707(b)..........  New.................  Deductible medical
5.707(c)....................  3.261(b)(1),           expenses.
                               3.262(l), 3.272(g)..
5.708(a)(1).................  3.256(b)(1),          Eligibility
                               3.277(c).             verification
                                                     reports.
5.708(a)(2).................  3.661(b)(2).
5.708(b) (introduction).....  3.256(b)(4),
                               3.277(c)(3).
5.708(b) (except              3.256(b)(3),
 introduction).                3.256(b)(4),
                               3.277(c)(2).
5.708(c)....................  New.
5.708(d)....................  3.661(a)(1).
5.708(e)(1).................  3.256(c), 3.277(d).
5.708(e)(2).................  New.
5.708(e)(3).................  3.661(b)(2)(i).
5.708(f)....................  3.661(b)(2)(iii).
5.708(g)....................  3.661(b)(2)(ii).
5.709(a)....................  3.256(a), 3.277(a),   Claimant and
5.709(b)....................   3.277(b),             beneficiary
                               3.660(a)(1).          responsibility to
                              3.256(a), 3.277(b)..   report changes.
5.710(a)....................  3.651(a)............  Adjustment in
5.710(b)....................  3.651(b)............   benefits due to
5.710(c)....................  3.651(c)............   reduction or
                                                     discontinuance of a
                                                     benefit to another
                                                     payee.
5.711(a)....................  3.656(a)............  Payment to
5.711(b)....................  3.656(a)............   dependents due to
5.711(c)....................  3.656(d)............   the disappearance
5.711(d)(1).................  3.501(c), 3.656(b)..   of a veteran for 90
5.711(d)(2).................  3.656(c)............   days or more.

[[Page 71372]]

 
5.712.......................  3.158(c), 3.500(t)..  Suspension of VA
                                                     benefits due to the
                                                     disappearance of a
                                                     payee.
5.713(a)-(b)(1).............  3.653(a)............  Restriction on VA
5.713(b)(2), 5.713(b)(3)....  New.................   benefit payments to
                                                     an alien located in
                                                     enemy territory.
5.713(c)....................  New.
5.714(a)....................  New.................  Restriction on
5.713(b)(2), 5.713(b)(3)....  3.653(c)(1).........   delivery of VA
5.714(c), 5.714(d)..........  3.653(c)............   benefit payments to
5.714(e)....................  3.653(c)(1).........   payees located in
5.714(f)....................  New.................   countries on
                                                     Treasury Department
                                                     list.
5.715(a)....................  New.................  Claims for
5.715(b)(1).................  3.653(b)............   undelivered or
                                                     discontinued
                                                     benefits.
5.715(b)(2).................  3.653(b),
                               3.653(c)(3).
5.715(b)(3).................  3.653(b).
5.715(c)....................  3.653(b).
5.715(d)....................  3.653(b),
                               3.653(c)(3).
5.715(e)....................  3.653(d).
5.715(f)....................  New.
5.716-5.719.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
 Hospital, Domiciliary, and
Nursing Home Care Reductions
       and Resumptions
 
5.720(a)....................  3.551(a),             Adjustments to
5.720(b)....................   3.552(b)(3),          special monthly
                               3.556(a), 3.556(f).   compensation based
5.720(c)(1).................  3.501(b)(1)-(2),       on the need for
5.720(c)(2).................   3.552(a)(1),          regular aid and
5.720(c)(3).................   3.552(b)(1),          attendance while a
5.720(c)(4).................   3.552(b)(2),          veteran is
                               3.552(c)..            receiving hospital,
                              3.501(b)(2),           domiciliary, or
                               3.552(b)(2)..         nursing home care.
                              3.552(d), 3.552(i)..
                              3.552(f), 3.552(g)..
                              3.552(h)............
5.720(c)(5).................  3.552(a)(3) (first
                               sentence).
5.706(c)(6).................  3.552(a)(3) (second
                               sentence).
5.720(d)....................  3.552(a)(1),
                               3.552(a)(2).
5.720(e)....................  3.552(b)(3).
5.720(f)....................  3.552(k).
5.721.......................  New.................  Reduction of
                                                     Improved Pension
                                                     while a veteran is
                                                     receiving
                                                     domiciliary or
                                                     nursing home care.
5.722(a)(1).................  3.551(e)(1).........  Reduction of
5.722(a)(2).................  3.551(e)(1).........   Improved Pension
5.722(a)(3).................  3.501(i)(5)(i),        while a veteran is
                               3.551(e)(1)..         receiving
                                                     domiciliary or
                                                     nursing home care.
5.722(b)(1).................  3.551(a).
5.722(b)(2), 5.722(b)(3)....  New.
5.722(b)(4).................  3.551(e)(6).
5.722(c)....................  3.551(e)(3).
5.722(d)(1).................  3.501(i)(5)(ii),
                               3.551(e)(2).
5.722(d)(2).................  New.
5.722(e)....................  3.551(e)(4).
5.722(f)....................  3.551(h).
5.722(g)....................  3.551(e).
5.723 (except 5.723(d)......  3.501(i)(6),          Reduction of
5.723(d)....................   3.502(f), 3.551(i).   Improved Pension
                              New.................   while a veteran,
                                                     surviving spouse,
                                                     or child is
                                                     receiving Medicaid-
                                                     covered care in a
                                                     nursing facility.
5.724(a)....................  3.501(b)(1),          Reduction or
                               3.552(b)(1),          discontinuance of
5.724(b)....................   3.552(e) (third and   Improved Pension
5.724(c)....................   fourth sentences).    based on the need
5.724(d)....................  3.552(a)(1),           for regular aid and
                               3.552(a)(2)..         attendance while a
                              3.501(i)(3),           veteran is
                               3.552(b)(3)..         receiving hospital,
                              3.401(a)(2),           domiciliary, or
                               3.552(k)..            nursing home care.
5.725.......................  New.................  Resumption of
                                                     Improved Pension
                                                     and Improved
                                                     Pension based on
                                                     the need for
                                                     regular aid and
                                                     attendance after a
                                                     veteran is on
                                                     temporary absence
                                                     from hospital,
                                                     domiciliary, or
                                                     nursing home care
                                                     or is discharged or
                                                     released from such
                                                     care.
5.726(a)(1).................  3.551(a),             Reduction of Section
5.726(a)(2).................   3.551(c)(1)           306 Pension while a
5.726(a)(3).................  3.551(g)............   veteran is
5.726(a)(4).................  3.551(c)(1).........   receiving hospital,
5.726(a)(5).................  3.501(i)(2)(i),        domiciliary, or
5.726(b)(1).................   3.551(c)(1)..         nursing home care.
                              3.551(f)............
                              3.551(a)............
5.726(b)(2), 5.726(b)(3)....  New.
5.726(c)....................  3.551(c)(3).
5.726(d)(1).................  3.501(i)(2)(iii),
                               3.551(c)(2).

[[Page 71373]]

 
5.726(d)(2).................  New.
5.727(a)(1).................  3.551(b)(1).........  Reduction of Old-Law
5.727(a)(2).................  3.551(g)............   Pension while a
5.727(a)(3).................  3.551(b)(1).........   veteran is
5.727(a)(4)(i) (first         3.501(i)(1),           receiving hospital,
 sentence).                    3.551(b)(1)..         domiciliary, or
5.727(a)(4)(i) (second        New.................   nursing home care.
 sentence).
5.727(a)(4)(ii).............  3.551(b)(3).
5.727(b)(1).................  3.551(a).
5.727(b)(2), 5.727(b)(3)....  New.
5.727(c)(1).................  3.551(b)(2).
5.727(c)(2).................  3.551(b)(3).
5.728(a)....................  3.501(b)(1),          Reduction of Old-Law
5.728(b)....................   3.552(b)(1),          Pension or Section
5.728(c)....................   3.552(e), 3.552(j).   306 Pension based
                              3.552(e)............   on the need for
                              3.552(b)(3).........   regular aid and
                                                     attendance while a
                                                     veteran is
                                                     receiving hospital,
                                                     domiciliary, or
                                                     nursing home care.
5.729(a)....................  3.556(a)............  Resumption of
5.729(b)....................  3.556(b), 3.556(d)     Section 306 Pension
5.729(c)....................   (third and fourth     and Section 306
5.729(d)....................   sentences)..          Pension based on
                              3.556(c)............   the need for
                              3.556(d) (first        regular aid and
                               sentence),            attendance after a
                               3.556(e)..            veteran is on
                                                     temporary absence
                                                     from hospital,
                                                     domiciliary, or
                                                     nursing home care
                                                     or is discharged or
                                                     released from such
                                                     care.
5.730(a)....................  3.556(a)(1).........  Resumption of Old-
5.730(b)....................  3.556(b)............   Law Pension and Old-
5.730(c)....................  3.556(e)............   Law Pension based
5.730(d)....................  3.556(d)............   on the need for
                                                     regular aid and
                                                     attendance after a
                                                     veteran is on
                                                     temporary absence
                                                     from hospital,
                                                     domiciliary, or
                                                     nursing home care
                                                     or is discharged or
                                                     released from such
                                                     care.
5.731-5.739.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  Payments to a Beneficiary Who is Eligible for More than One Benefit:
                           General Provisions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.740(a), 5.740(b)..........  3.701(b)............  Definitions relating
5.740(d)....................  3.750(d)(2).........   to elections.
5.741(a)....................  New.................  Persons who may make
5.741(b)....................  New.................   an election.
5.742(a)....................  3.701(b),             Finality of
5.742(b)....................   3.702(d)(1) (second   elections;
5.742(c)....................   sentence), 3.711      cancellation of
5.742(d), 5.742(e)..........   (second sentence).    certain elections.
                              New.................
                              3.702(d)(1) (second
                               sentence)..
                              New.................
5.743(a)....................  3.400(j)(1).........  General effective
5.743(b)....................  3.500(e) (first        dates for awarding,
                               sentence),            reducing, or
                               3.500(i), 3.500(x)..  discontinuing VA
                                                     benefits because of
                                                     an election.
5.744.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
    Payments from Service
 Departments and the Effects
   of Those Payments on VA
          Benefits
 
5.745.......................  3.401(e), 3.750.....  Entitlement to
5.745(b)(4).................  3.261(a)(15)........   concurrent receipt
                                                     of military retired
                                                     pay and VA
                                                     disability
                                                     compensation.
5.746(a)....................  3.654(a) (first       Prohibition against
5.746(b)....................   sentence),            receipt of active
5.746(c)....................   3.700(a)(1)(i).       military service
5.746(d)(1).................  3.654(a) (second       pay and VA benefits
5.746(d)(2)(i)..............   sentence),            for the same
                               3.700(a)(1)(ii)..     period.
                              3.501(a),
                               3.654(b)(1)..
                              3.654(b)(2) (first
                               sentence)..
                              New.................
5.746(d)(2)(ii).............  3.654(b)(2) (third
                               and fourth
                               sentences).
5.746(d)(3).................  New.
5.746(d)(4).................  3.654(b)(2) (second
                               sentence).
5.746(d)(5).................  3.654(b)(2) (last
                               sentence).
5.746(e)....................  3.654(c),
                               3.700(a)(1)(iii).
5.747(a)(1).................  3.700(a)(2)(iii)      Effect of military
5.747(a)(2).................   (first sentence).     readjustment pay,
5.747(b)....................  3.700(a)(2)(iv).....   disability
5.747(c)(1).................  3.700(a)(3).........   severance pay, and
5.747(c)(2).................  3.700(a)(5)(i)         separation pay on
5.747(d)....................   (first sentence)..    VA benefits.
                              3.700(a)(5)(ii).....
                              3.700(a)(2)(iii),
                               3.700(a)(3),
                               3.700(a)(5)(i)..
5.748.......................  3.753...............  Concurrent receipt
                                                     of VA disability
                                                     compensation and
                                                     retired pay by
                                                     certain officers of
                                                     the Public Health
                                                     Service.
5.749.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 

[[Page 71374]]

 
 Payments from Other Federal
 Agencies and the Effects of
    Those Payments on VA
 Benefits for a Veteran and
          Survivor
 
5.750(a)(1).................  3.500(e) (second      Election between VA
5.750(a)(2).................   sentence),            benefits and
5.750(b)....................   3.658(a),             compensation under
                               3.708(a)(1),          the Federal
                               3.708(a)(4).          Employees'
                              3.708(a)(2).........   Compensation Act
                              3.708(a)(3),           for death or
                               3.500(e) (second      disability due to
                               sentence)..           military service.
5.751(a)(1).................  3.500(e) (second      Election between VA
                               sentence),            benefits and
5.751(a)(2).................   3.708(b)(1) (first    compensation under
5.751(b)(1) (last sentence).   sentence).            the Federal
5.751(c)....................  3.708(b)(1) (second    Employees'
                               sentence), 3.958..    Compensation Act
                              3.500(e) (third        for death or
                               sentence),            disability due to
                               3.708(b)(2)..         Federal civilian
                              3.500(e) (second       employment.
                               sentence),
                               3.708(b)(1) (second
                               and third sentences
                               (excluding
                               intervening cross
                               reference))..
5.751(d)....................  3.500(e) (second
                               sentence).
5.751(e)(1) (last sentence).  3.500(e) (third
                               sentence),
                               3.708(a)(3),
                               3.708(b)(1) (last
                               sentence).
5.752.......................  3.400(f)............  Procedures for
                                                     elections between
                                                     VA benefits and
                                                     compensation under
                                                     the Federal
                                                     Employees'
                                                     Compensation Act.
5.753.......................  3.710...............  Payment of VA
                                                     benefits and civil
                                                     service retirement
                                                     benefits for the
                                                     same period.
5.754(a)....................  New.................  Effect of payment of
5.754(b), 5.754(c)..........  3.715...............   compensation under
5.754(d)....................  3.500(x)............   the Radiation
                                                     Exposure
                                                     Compensation Act of
                                                     1990 on payment of
                                                     certain VA
                                                     benefits.
5.755.......................  ....................  Reserved.
 
Rules Concerning the Receipt
   of Multiple VA Benefits
 
5.756.......................  3.700 introductory    Prohibition against
                               text.                 concurrent receipt
                                                     of certain VA
                                                     benefits based on
                                                     the service of the
                                                     same veteran.
5.757(a)....................  3.701(a) (first and
                               second sentences).
5.757(b)....................  3.701(a) (first and   Elections between VA
5.757(c)....................   second sentences).    disability
5.757(d)....................  3.701(a)............   compensation and VA
                              3.701(a) (first and    pension.
                               third sentences)..
5.757(e)(1).................  3.701(a) (first and
                               fourth sentences).
5.757(e)(2).................  New.
5.757(e)(3).................  3.701(a) (fifth
                               sentence).
5.757(f)....................  3.701(c).
5.758(a)....................  3.711 (first          Electing Improved
5.758(b)....................   sentence).            Pension instead of
5.758(c)....................  3.711 (last            Old-Law Pension or
5.758(d)....................   sentence)..           Section 306
                              3.960(a)............   Pension.
                              3.701(a) (fifth
                               sentence)..
5.759(a)(1)(i)..............  3.702(a)............  Election between
5.759(a)(1)(ii).............  3.702(d)(1).........   death compensation
5.759(a)(2).................  3.702(a)............   and dependency and
5.759(b)....................  3.702(c)............   indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.760.......................  3.702(d)(2).........  Electing Improved
                                                     Death Pension
                                                     instead of
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.761.......................  3.658(b),             Concurrent receipt
                               3.700(b)(1).          of disability
                                                     compensation,
                                                     pension, or death
                                                     benefits by a
                                                     surviving spouse
                                                     based on the
                                                     service of more
                                                     than one veteran.
5.762(a), 5.762(b)..........  3.700(b)(2).........  Payment of multiple
5.762(c)....................  3.503(a)(7), 3.659,    benefits to a
                               3.703..               surviving child
                                                     based on the
                                                     service of more
                                                     than one veteran.
5.763.......................  3.704(a)............  Payment of multiple
                                                     benefits to more
                                                     than one child
                                                     based on the
                                                     service of the same
                                                     veteran.
5.764(a)....................  3.503(a)(8),          Payment of
5.764(b)-(d)................   3.659(b), 3.703(c),   Survivors' and
                               3.707(a).             Dependents'
                              3.707...............   Educational
                                                     Assistance and VA
                                                     death pension or
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation for
                                                     the same period.
5.765.......................  3.700(b)(3).........  Payment of
                                                     compensation to a
                                                     parent based on the
                                                     service or death of
                                                     multiple veterans.
5.766-5.769.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 71375]]

 
 Subpart M--Apportionments to Dependents and Payments to Fiduciaries and
                       Incarcerated Beneficiaries
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Determining Eligibility for
       Apportionments
 
5.770.......................  3.450 (except         Apportionment
                               3.450(f), (g)).       claims.
5.771.......................  3.451...............  Special
                                                     apportionments.
5.772(a)....................  3.452(a)............  Veteran's benefits
                                                     apportionable.
5.772(b)....................  3.452(b).
5.772(c)....................  3.452(c), 3.454(b)
                               (except (b)(2)).
5.772(d)....................  3.452(d).
5.773.......................  3.453...............  Veterans disability
                                                     compensation.
5.774 (except 5.774(e)(2))..  3.458...............  Benefits not
5.774(e)(2).................  3.503(a)(2).........   apportionable.
5.775-5.779.................  ....................  Reserved.
5.780(a)....................  3.450(a)(1)(ii).....  Eligibility for
5.780(b)(1).................  3.460(b)............   apportionment of
5.780(b)(2).................  3.460(c)............   pension.
5.781(a)....................  3.461(a)............  Eligibility for
5.781(b)....................  3.461(b)(1).........   apportionment of a
                                                     surviving spouse's
                                                     dependency and
                                                     indemnity
                                                     compensation.
5.782(a)....................  3.400(e)(1),          Effective date of
5.782(b)(1).................   3.400(e)              apportionment grant
5.782(b)(2).................   introductory text.    or increase.
                              New.................
                              3.400(e)(2).........
5.782(b)(3).................  3.665(f).
5.782(b)(4).................  3.500(d)(1).
5.783(a)....................  3.500(g)(1),          Effective date of
5.783(b)(1).................   3.500(n)(1).          apportionment
5.783(b)(2).................  3.500(g)(2)(ii),       reduction or
5.783(b)(3), 5.783(b)(4)....   3.500(n)(2)(ii)..     discontinuance.
                              New.................
                              3.1000(b)(2)........
5.784(a)....................  3.1000(b)(1)........  Special rules for
5.784(b)(1).................  3.1000(b)(3)........   apportioned
5.784(b)(2).................                         benefits on death
                                                     of beneficiary or
                                                     apportionee.
5.785-5.789.................  ....................  Reserved.
 
Incompetency and Payments to
   Fiduciaries and Minors
 
5.790(a)....................  3.353(a)............  Determinations of
5.790(b)....................  3.353(b)............   incompetency and
5.790(c)....................  3.353(c)............   competency.
5.790(d)....................  3.353(d)............
5.790(e)....................  3.353(e).
5.790(f)(1).................  3.400(x).
5.790(f)(2).................  3.400(y).
5.791(a)....................  3.850(a)............  General fiduciary
                                                     payments.
5.791(b)....................  3.850(c).
5.791(c)....................  3.580(b).
5.791(d)....................  3.850(d).
5.791(e)....................  3.400(n), 3.500(m).
5.792(a)....................  3.852(a)............  Institutional
                                                     awards.
5.792(b)....................  3.852(b), 3.852(d)
                               (first sentence).
5.792(c)....................  3.852(d) (second
                               sentence).
5.792(d)....................  3.852(c).
5.792(e)....................  3.401(d).
5.792(f)....................  3.501(j).
5.793(a)....................  3.403(a)(2), 3.854..  Limitation on
5.793(b)....................  3.403(a)(2).........   payments for a
                                                     child.
5.794.......................  3.855...............  Beneficiary rated or
                                                     reported
                                                     incompetent.
5.795.......................  3.856...............  Change of name of
                                                     fiduciary.
5.796.......................  3.857...............  Child's benefits to
                                                     a fiduciary of an
                                                     incompetent
                                                     surviving spouse.
5.797.......................  3.355...............  Testamentary
                                                     capacity for VA
                                                     insurance purposes.
5.798.......................  3.853(c)............  Payment of
                                                     disability
                                                     compensation
                                                     previously not paid
                                                     because an
                                                     incompetent
                                                     veteran's estate
                                                     exceeded $25,000.
5.799-5.809.................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

[[Page 71376]]

 
                 Payments to Incarcerated Beneficiaries
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.810(a)....................  3.665(b)............  Incarcerated
5.810(b)....................  New.................   beneficiaries--gene
5.810(c)....................  3.665(a), 3.665(g),    ral provisions and
5.810(d)....................   3.666 introductory    definitions.
5.810(e)....................   text..
                              New.................
                              3.665(a), 3.666
                               (introduction).
5.810(f)....................  3.665(a), 3.666
                               introductory text.
5.811(a)....................  3.665(a), 3.665(c)..  Limitation on
5.811(b)....................  3.665(j)(3)(ii),       disability
5.811(c)....................   3.665(k)..            compensation during
                              3.665(d)(1),           incarceration.
                               3.665(d)(2),
                               3.665(j)..
5.812(a)....................  3.665(a), 3.665(c)..  Limitation on
5.812(b)....................  3.665(d)(3).........   dependency and
5.812(c)....................  3.665(l)............   indemnity
5.812(d)....................  3.665(k)............   compensation during
                                                     incarceration.
5.813(a)....................  3.666 introductory    Discontinuance of
5.813(b)....................   text.                 pension during
                              3.666(d)............   incarceration.
5.814(a)(1).................  3.665(a)............  Apportionment when a
5.814(a)(2).................  3.665(h)............   primary beneficiary
5.814(b)....................  3.665(e)............   is incarcerated.
5.814(c)....................  3.666(a)(1)-(3).....
5.814(d)....................  3.666(b)(1),
                               3.666(b)(2),
                               3.666(b)(4).
5.814(e)....................  3.665(f),
                               3.666(a)(4),
                               3.666(b)(3).
5.815(a)....................  3.665(i)............  Resumption of
5.815(b)....................  3.665(i)(1),           disability
5.815(c)....................   3.665(i)(3)..         compensation or
5.815(d)....................  3.665(i)(2),           dependency and
                               3.665(i)(3)..         indemnity
                              3.665(m)............   compensation upon a
                                                     beneficiary's
                                                     release from
                                                     incarceration.
5.816.......................  3.666(c)............  Resumption of
                                                     pension upon a
                                                     beneficiary's
                                                     release from
                                                     incarceration.
5.817(a)....................  3.665(n)(1),          Fugitive felons.
                               3.666(e)(1).
5.817(b)....................  3.665(n)(2),
                               3.665(n)(3),
                               3.666(e)(2),
                               3.666(e)(3).
5.818.......................  ....................  Reserved.
5.819.......................  ....................  Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 2013-23895 Filed 11-26-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8320-01-P