[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 204 (Tuesday, October 22, 2013)]
[Notices]
[Pages 62722-62726]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-24631]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-70619; File No. SR-FINRA-2013-027]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory 
Authority, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change 
Relating to Amendments to FINRA Rules 2360 and 4210 in Connection With 
OCC Cleared Over-the-Counter Options

October 7, 2013.

I. Introduction

    On June 28, 2013, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. 
(``FINRA'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(``Commission''), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a 
proposed rule change to provide for the treatment of over-the-counter 
(``OTC'') options cleared by The Options Clearing Corporation (``OCC'') 
under FINRA's rules. The proposed rule change was published for comment 
in the Federal Register on July 9, 2013.\3\ The Commission received one 
comment letter on the proposal.\4\ This order approves the proposed 
rule change.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 69913 (July 2, 
2013), 78 FR 41149 (``Notice'').
    \4\ See Letter to Elizabeth M. Murphy, Secretary, Commission, 
from Alessandro Cocco, Managing Director, J.P. Morgan Clearing 
Corporation, dated July 30, 2013 (``JP Morgan Clearing Letter'').
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II. Description

    On December 14, 2012, the Commission approved new rules established 
by OCC to clear and guarantee OTC options on the S&P 500 index.\5\ 
FINRA seeks to amend FINRA Rules 2360 (Options) and 4210 (Margin 
Requirements) to provide for the application of existing FINRA rules to

[[Page 62723]]

OTC options cleared by the OCC (``OCC Cleared OTC Options''). FINRA 
notes that, at this time, the OCC has only been approved by the 
Commission to clear OTC options on the S&P 500 index.\6\ However, FINRA 
states that the proposed rule change is intended to apply to any OCC 
Cleared OTC Option.\7\
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    \5\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 68434 (December 14, 
2012), 77 FR 75243 (December 19, 2012) (Order Approving Proposed 
Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1 Thereto, and Notice of 
No Objection to Advance Notice, Modified by Amendment No. 1 Thereto, 
Relating to the Clearance and Settlement of Over-the-Counter 
Options) (``OCC Notice'').
    \6\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151. See also OCC Notice, 
supra note 5.
    \7\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151.
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A. Amendments to Rule 2360 (Options)
    FINRA Rule 2360 covers, among other things, the definitions, 
position limits, exercise limits, reporting, suitability, and 
disclosure requirements related to options and options trading.\8\ 
Under FINRA Rule 2360, options are generally classified as either 
standardized,\9\ conventional,\10\ or as a FLEX Equity Option.\11\ 
FINRA states that, historically, all standardized options have been 
traded on an exchange, and all conventional options have traded 
OTC.\12\ FINRA proposes to amend Rule 2360 to treat OCC Cleared OTC 
Options as conventional options for purposes of the rule.\13\ FINRA 
states that FINRA Rule 2360 generally treats the categories of options 
(i.e., standardized, conventional, FLEX Equity Options) the same, 
except in the case of position limits, reporting, and the delivery of 
disclosure documents.\14\ FINRA believes that in these enumerated areas 
it is appropriate to treat OCC Cleared OTC Options as conventional 
options.\15\ FINRA states that OCC Cleared OTC Options will otherwise 
be subject to the same sales practice and other requirements that apply 
to transactions in any category of options (including, among other 
requirements, suitability, approval of account opening and 
supervision).\16\
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    \8\ See FINRA Rule 2360.
    \9\ See FINRA Rules 2360(a)(31) (defining ``standardized equity 
option'' as ``any equity options contract issued, or subject to 
issuance by, The [OCC] that is not a FLEX Equity Option'') and 
2360(a)(32) (defining ``standardized index options'' as ``any 
options contract issued, or subject to issuance, by The [OCC] that 
is based upon an index'').
    \10\ See FINRA Rules 2360(a)(9) (defining ``conventional 
option'' as ``any option contract not issued, or subject to 
issuance, by The [OCC]'') and 2360(a)(8) (defining ``conventional 
index option'' as ``any options contract not issued, or subject to 
issuance, by The [OCC] that, as of the trade date, overlies a basket 
or index of securities that: (A) Underlies a standardized index 
option; or (B) Satisfies the following criteria: (i) The basket or 
index comprises 9 or more equity securities; (ii) No equity security 
comprises more than 30% of the equity security component of the 
basket's or index's weighting; and (iii) Each equity security 
comprising the basket or index: (a) Is a component security in 
either the Russell 3000 Index or the FTSE All-World Index Series; or 
(b) has (1) market capitalization of at least $75 million or, in the 
case of the lowest weighted component securities in the basket or 
index that in the aggregate account for no more than 10% of the 
weight of the index, $50 million; and (2) trading volume for each of 
the preceding six months of at least one million shares or, in the 
case of each of the lowest weighted component securities in the 
basket or index that in the aggregate account for no more than 10% 
of the weight of the index, 500,000 shares'').
    \11\ See FINRA Rule 2360(a)(16) (defining ``FLEX Equity Option'' 
as ``any options contract issued, or subject to issuance by, The 
[OCC] whereby the parties to the transaction have the ability to 
negotiate the terms of the contract consistent with the rules of the 
exchange on which the options contract is traded'').
    \12\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150. FLEX Equity Options 
are, by definition, traded on an exchange. See supra note 11.
    \13\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150.
    \14\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150. FINRA states that FINRA 
Rule 2360(b)(4) specifies exercise limits through incorporating by 
reference options position limits under the rule, and that the 
provision does not further differentiate by category of option. 
Accordingly, the treatment of an option with respect to its position 
limit is the same with respect to exercise limits. See Notice, supra 
note 3, at 41150, n. 7.
    \15\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41152.
    \16\ Id.
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    Specifically, FINRA proposes to amend Rule 2360 to define an ``OCC 
Cleared OTC Option'' as ``any put, call, straddle or other option or 
privilege that meets the definition of an `option' under Rule 
2360(a)(21) and is cleared by The [OCC], is entered into other than on 
or through the facilities of a national securities exchange, and is 
entered into exclusively by persons who are `eligible contract 
participants' as defined in the Exchange Act.'' \17\ In addition, FINRA 
proposes to amend the definitions of ``conventional option'' and 
``conventional index option'' to include OCC Cleared OTC Options,\18\ 
and to amend the definitions of ``standardized equity option,'' 
``standardized index option,'' and ``FLEX Equity Option'' to 
specifically exclude OCC Cleared OTC Options.\19\ FINRA also proposes 
to amend the definition of ``expiration date'' to reflect that the 
expiration date of OCC Cleared OTC Options may be customized by the 
parties to the trade in accordance with the rules of the OCC, rather 
than fixed by the OCC's rules.\20\
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    \17\ See proposed FINRA Rule 2360(a)(19).
    \18\ See proposed FINRA Rules 2360(a)(8) and (9).
    \19\ See proposed FINRA Rules 2360(a)(16), (32), and (33).
    \20\ See proposed FINRA Rule 2360(a)(14).
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    In addition, FINRA proposes to amend Rule 2360 to provide that the 
Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options, also known as the 
Options Disclosure Document (``ODD''), and the Special Statement for 
Uncovered Option Writers (``Special Written Statement''), as further 
described below, will not be required to be delivered to customers 
effecting transactions in OCC Cleared OTC Options, which is consistent 
with the treatment of conventional options under Rule 2360.\21\
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    \21\ See proposed FINRA Rules 2360(b)(11)(A)(i) and (ii) and 
2360(b)(16)(D).
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    Finally, FINRA proposes to make technical, non-substantive changes 
to FINRA Rule 2360 in order to renumber certain provisions to account 
for the proposed new rule text and to reflect FINRA Manual style 
convention.

1. Position Limits

    FINRA Rule 2360(b)(3)(A) imposes position limits on the number of 
options contracts in each class on the same side of the market (i.e., 
aggregating long calls and short puts, or long puts and short calls) 
that can be held or written by a member, a person associated with a 
member, a customer or a group of customers acting in concert.\22\ In 
general, position limits for standardized equity options are determined 
according to a five-tiered system in which more actively traded stocks 
with larger public floats are subject to higher position limits.\23\ 
FINRA Rule 2360 provides that the position limit established by the 
rules of an options exchange for a particular equity option is the 
applicable position limit for purposes of FINRA Rule 2360.\24\
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    \22\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150.
    \23\ Id. See also FINRA Rule 2360(b)(3)(A). The position limits 
for standardized and conventional options overlying specified 
exchange-traded funds are established in FINRA Rule 2360, 
Supplemental Material .03. See Notice, supra note 3, at41150, n.10.
    \24\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150. See also FINRA Rule 
2360(b)(3)(A).
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    In general, conventional equity options are subject to the same 
position limits as the standardized equity options overlying the same 
security.\25\ In instances where the equity security is not subject to 
a standardized option, the applicable position limit for the 
conventional option is the lowest tier (25,000 contracts) unless the 
security is in an index designated by FINRA that meets the volume and 
float criteria specified by FINRA \26\ or the member can otherwise 
demonstrate to FINRA's Market Regulation Department that the underlying 
security meets the standards for a higher position limit.\27\
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    \25\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150. See also FINRA Rule 
2360(b)(3)(A)(viii). There are differences in the available equity 
option hedge exemptions for standardized options and conventional 
options. See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150, n.11. See also Rule 
2360(b)(3)(A)(vii).
    \26\ See e.g., Notice to Members 07-03 (January 2007) (which 
provides that the FTSE All-World Index Series is a designated index 
for this purpose) and Regulatory Notice 13-20 (May 2013) (which 
provides that the NASDAQ Global Large Mid Cap Index is an additional 
designated index for this purpose).
    \27\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150. See also FINRA Rule 
2360(b)(3)(A)(viii).

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[[Page 62724]]

    Conventional index options are not subject to position limits while 
standardized index options are subject to the position limit as 
specified on the exchange on which the option trades.\28\ Position 
limits for FLEX Equity Options are governed by the rules of the 
exchange on which such options trade.\29\
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    \28\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150. See also Notice to 
Members 94-46 (June 1994) (relating to conventional index options) 
and FINRA Rule 2360(b)(3)(B) (relating to standardized index 
options).
    \29\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41150. See also FINRA Rule 
2360(b)(2).
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    Position limits for standardized equity options contracts of the 
put class and call class on the same side of the market overlying the 
same security are not aggregated with the conventional equity options 
contracts or FLEX Equity Options contracts overlying the same security 
on the same side of the market.\30\
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    \30\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151. See also FINRA Rule 
2360(b)(3)(A)(viii). Because conventional index options are not 
subject to any position limits, FINRA Rule 2360 does not address 
aggregation of conventional index options with standardized index 
options overlying the same index. See Notice, supra note 3, at 
41151, n. 16.
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    FINRA proposes that OCC Cleared OTC Options be subject to the 
position limits applicable to conventional options.\31\ FINRA states 
that OCC Cleared OTC Options are similar to FLEX Equity Options because 
they are cleared by the OCC, are non-uniform, and give investors the 
ability to designate certain terms of the option.\32\ However, FINRA 
believes that OCC Cleared OTC Options are more analogous to 
conventional options, since they are not traded on an exchange.\33\ 
FINRA also notes that that the counterparties to OCC Cleared OTC 
Options must be ``eligible contract participants'' as defined in the 
Act \34\ and are thus more sophisticated investors likely to be aware 
of the risks of options trading.\35\
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    \31\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151.
    \32\ Id.
    \33\ Id.
    \34\ See 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(65) which states that an ``eligible 
contract participant has the same meaning as in section 1a of the 
Commodity Exchange Act.'' The Commodity Exchange Act details the 
requirements for eligibility as an ``eligible contract participant'' 
which generally require a sufficient regulated status or a specified 
minimum amount of assets. See 7 U.S.C. 1(a)(18). See also the OCC 
By-Laws, Article XVII, Section 6(f)(iv) (requiring that where a 
transaction in an OCC Cleared OTC Option is effected for the account 
of a customer, the customer is an ``eligible contract 
participant''); and OCC Notice, supra note 5 at 75244.
    \35\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151.
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    Accordingly, pursuant to the proposal, OCC Cleared OTC Options on 
an equity security will be subject to the position limit of the greater 
of (i) 25,000 contracts or (ii) any standardized equity options 
position limit for which the underlying security qualifies, and OCC 
Cleared OTC Options will not be aggregated with any standardized option 
counterpart.\36\ OCC Cleared OTC Options on an index, consistent with 
the treatment of conventional index options, will not be subject to any 
position limits.
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    \36\ Id.
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2. Reporting Obligations
    FINRA Rule 2360(b)(5)(A)(i)(a) generally requires all members to 
report to FINRA with respect to each account that has established an 
aggregate position of 200 or more conventional option contracts 
(whether long or short) of the put class and the call class on the same 
side of the market covering the same underlying security or index.\37\ 
Such reporting requirement with respect to positions in conventional 
index options, however, applies only to an option that is based on an 
index that underlies, or is substantially similar to an index that 
underlies, a standardized index option.\38\ FINRA Rule 
2330(b)(5)(A)(i)(b) generally requires only those members that are not 
members of the options exchange upon which the standardized options are 
listed to report to FINRA with respect to each account that has 
established an aggregate position of 200 or more conventional option 
contracts (whether long or short) of the put class and the call class 
on the same side of the market covering the same underlying security or 
index.\39\ Because there is no comparable exchange regulatory regime 
that applies to members trading OCC Cleared OTC Options, FINRA believes 
that OCC Cleared OTC Options should be treated as conventional options 
so that all members must report positions of 200 or more contracts on 
the same side of the market covering the same underlying security or 
index to FINRA, as is the case for all conventional options.\40\
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    \37\ Id.
    \38\ Id. See also FINRA Rule 2360(b)(5)(A)(i)(a).
    \39\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151.
    \40\ Id.
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3. Disclosure Documents
    FINRA Rule 2360(b)(11)(A)(1) requires members to deliver the ODD to 
customers at or prior to the time the customer's account is approved 
for trading options issued by the OCC, and thereafter to deliver to 
customers applicable amendments to the ODD.\41\ The ODD describes 
standardized options and FLEX Equity Options, but does not address OTC 
options, and members are not required to deliver the ODD with respect 
to such options.\42\ In addition, FINRA Rule 2360(b)(11)(A)(2) requires 
members to deliver the Special Written Statement, which describes the 
risks related to writing uncovered short options, to customers approved 
to write uncovered short options transactions.\43\ Similar to the ODD 
delivery requirements, the requirement to deliver the Special Written 
Statement only applies to transactions in options issued by the OCC 
(historically listed options).\44\
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    \41\ Id.
    \42\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151-41152.
    \43\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41152.
    \44\ See FINRA Rule 2360(b)(11)(A)(2). See also Notice, supra 
note 3, at 41152.
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    Pursuant to the proposal, and consistent with the treatment of 
transactions in conventional options, FINRA members will not be 
required to deliver the ODD or Special Written Statement to customers 
that engage in transactions in OCC Cleared OTC Options.\45\ FINRA 
states that it believes such delivery requirements are unnecessary 
because the counterparties to OCC Cleared OTC Options must be 
``eligible contract participants'' as defined in the Act,\46\ and thus, 
are more sophisticated investors who are likely to be aware of the 
risks associated with trading OTC options.\47\
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    \45\ Id.
    \46\ See supra note 34.
    \47\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41152.
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B. Amendments to Rule 4210 (Margin Requirements)

    FINRA Rules 4210(f)(2) and 4210(g) set forth the strategy-based 
margin and portfolio margin requirements for transactions in 
options.\48\ FINRA states that, in general, the margin requirements for 
options listed on an exchange (i.e., cleared and guaranteed by the OCC) 
are lower than the margin requirements for conventional options (i.e., 
OTC options).\49\ For the purposes of margin requirements, FINRA 
proposes to treat OCC Cleared OTC Options the same as other cleared and 
guaranteed options (historically ``listed options''), in light of the 
clearing and guaranteeing functions performed by the OCC.\50\ FINRA 
notes that the proposed beneficial margin treatment for OCC Cleared OTC 
Options may only be applied by a member after the OTC

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option has been accepted for clearing and is guaranteed by the OCC.\51\
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    \48\ Id.
    \49\ Id. See also FINRA Rules 4210(f)(2)(A)(xxiv) and 
4210(g)(2)(A) for the definitions of ``listed'' and ``listed 
option,'' respectively, and FINRA Rules 4210(f)(2)(A)(xxvii) and 
4210(g)(2)(H) for the definitions of ``OTC'' and ``unlisted 
derivative,'' respectively.
    \50\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41152.
    \51\ Id.
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    FINRA proposes to amend certain existing definitions under FINRA 
Rule 4210 in order to provide for the same margin treatment for OCC 
Cleared OTC Options as other cleared and guaranteed options. 
Specifically, FINRA proposes to amend the definition of ``listed'' in 
Rule 4210(f)(2)(A)(xxiv) to include OCC Cleared OTC Options and to 
amend the definition of ``OTC'' in Rule 4210(f)(2)(A)(xxvii) to 
specifically exclude OCC Cleared OTC Options.\52\ FINRA also proposes 
conforming amendments to Rule 4210(g)(2)(A) regarding portfolio margin 
requirements to provide that a ``listed option'' includes options 
issued and guaranteed by a registered clearing agency, including OCC 
Cleared OTC Options, and to Rule 4210(g)(2)(H) to provide that an 
``unlisted derivative'' includes, among other things, an option that is 
neither traded on a national securities exchange, nor issued and 
guaranteed by a registered clearing agency, and shall not include an 
OCC Cleared OTC Option.\53\
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    \52\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41153.
    \53\ Id.
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III. Comment Letter

    As previously noted, the Commission received one comment letter on 
the proposal.\54\ The commenter expresses support for FINRA's proposal 
to treat OCC Cleared OTC Options the same as other cleared and 
guaranteed options under FINRA Rule 4210 governing margin 
requirements.\55\ The commenter states that it concurs with FINRA's 
belief that the risk posed by OCC Cleared OTC Options is similar to 
that of other cleared and guaranteed options, and that it is, 
therefore, appropriate to afford OCC Cleared OTC Options the same 
margin treatment as listed options.\56\
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    \54\ See supra note 4.
    \55\ See JP Morgan Clearing Letter, supra note 4, at 1.
    \56\ Id.
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IV. Discussion

    After careful review of the proposed rule change and the comment 
letter received, the Commission finds that the proposed rule change is 
consistent with the requirements of the Act and the rules and 
regulations thereunder that are applicable to a national securities 
association.\57\ In particular, the Commission finds that the proposed 
rule change is consistent with Section 15A(b)(6) of the Act,\58\ which 
requires, among other things, that the rules of a national securities 
association be designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and 
practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in facilitating 
transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, 
in general, to protect investors and the public interest.
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    \57\ In approving the proposed rule change, the Commission has 
considered the proposed rule change's impact on efficiency, 
competition, and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \58\ 15 U.S.C. 78o-3(b)(6)
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    The Commission finds the proposed treatment of OCC Cleared OTC 
Options under FINRA Rule 2360 is consistent with the Act. FINRA 
represents that, other than with respect to the requirements relating 
to position limits, reporting, and the delivery of disclosure 
documents, OCC Cleared OTC Options will be subject to the same options 
sale practice and other requirements (such as account opening 
procedures and standards for supervision and suitability) as apply to 
all categories of options.\59\ FINRA also notes that the proposed rule 
change fosters innovation in the market by accommodating a new product 
in OCC Cleared OTC Options while balancing the need to protect 
investors and the public interest by regulating such product in a 
rational regulatory framework.
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    \59\ See supra notes 14-16 and accompanying text.
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    As previously stated by the Commission, position limits are 
intended to prevent the establishment of options positions that can be 
used or might create incentives to manipulate or disrupt the underlying 
market so as to benefit the options position, are designed to minimize 
the potential for mini-manipulation and for corners or squeezes of the 
underlying market, and serve to reduce the possibility for disruption 
of the options market itself, especially in illiquid options 
classes.\60\ FINRA states that its proposal for OCC Cleared OTC Options 
is consistent with the purposes of position limits highlighted above. 
Additionally, FINRA notes that it uses the options position information 
reported to it as part of its ongoing market surveillance operations 
and to support its monitoring efforts for any market manipulation or 
disruption related to the accumulation or disposition of large options 
positions, and that the information reported enables FINRA to identify 
large positions held or written by a member that could pose a financial 
risk to the member or its clearing firm.\61\ As such, the Commission 
finds that FINRA's proposal to subject OCC Cleared OTC Options to the 
position limits and reporting requirements applicable to conventional 
options is consistent with the Act.
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    \60\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 40087 (June 12, 
1998), 63 FR 33746, 33748 (June 19, 1998) (Order Granting Approval 
and Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated Approval to 
Amendment No.1 and Amendment No. 2 to Proposed Rule Change Relating 
to an Amendment to the NASD's Options Position Limit Rule File No. 
SR-NASD-98-23).
    \61\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 41151.
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    With respect to the delivery of disclosure documents, the 
Commission finds that it is consistent with the Act to treat 
transactions in OCC Cleared OTC Options consistent with conventional 
options and to not require delivery of the ODD or Special Written 
Statement to customers transacting in OCC Cleared OTC Options. As noted 
by FINRA, OTC options are not addressed in the ODD. Furthermore, the 
counterparties to transactions in OCC Cleared OTC Options must be 
``eligible contract participants'' as defined in the Act and, 
therefore, are more sophisticated investors likely to be aware of the 
risks of options trading.\62\
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    \62\ See supra note 34.
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    Finally, the Commission finds the proposed margin treatment of OCC 
Cleared OTC Options under FINRA Rule 4120 is consistent with the Act. 
As noted by FINRA, the margin requirement for options listed on an 
exchange (and cleared and guaranteed by the OCC) generally is lower 
than the margin requirement for OTC options (not cleared or guaranteed 
by the OCC). As noted by FINRA, the reasons underlying the more 
favorable margin treatment for listed (and OCC cleared and guaranteed) 
options apply with equal force to OCC Cleared OTC Options because the 
clearing and guaranteeing functions performed by the OCC reduce the 
counterparty credit risk of these OTC options, likening them to the 
same level of risk as listed options.\63\
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    \63\ The Commission notes that the sole comment letter received 
on the proposal supported FINRA's proposed margin treatment of OCC 
Cleared OTC Options and agreed with FINRA that the risks related to 
OCC Cleared OTC Options are similar to the risks related to listed 
options, and, thus, similar margin requirements would be 
appropriate. See JP Morgan Clearing Letter, supra note 4.
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V. Conclusion

    It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\64\ that the proposed rule change (SR-FINRA-2013-027) be, and 
hereby is, approved.
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    \64\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).


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    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\65\
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    \65\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Kevin M. O'Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2013-24631 Filed 10-21-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P