[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 223 (Friday, November 18, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 71491-71498]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-29921]



[[Page 71491]]

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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Internal Revenue Service

26 CFR Part 20

[REG-112196-07]
RIN 1545-BH64


Gross Estate; Election to Value on Alternate Valuation Date

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and notice of public hearing.

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SUMMARY: This document contains proposed regulations that provide 
guidance respecting the election to use the alternate valuation method 
under section 2032 of the Internal Revenue Code (Code). The proposed 
regulations will affect estates that file Form 706, United States 
Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return and elect to use 
the alternate valuation method. This document also provides notice of a 
public hearing on these proposed regulations.

DATES: Written or electronic comments must be received by February 16, 
2012. Outlines of topics to be discussed at the public hearing 
scheduled for March 9, 2012, at 10 a.m. must be received by February 
17, 2012.

ADDRESSES: Send submissions to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-112196-07), Internal 
Revenue Service, Room 5203, PO Box 7604, Ben Franklin Station, 
Washington, DC 20044. Submissions may be hand delivered Monday through 
Friday between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. to CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-
112196-07), Courier's Desk, Internal Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution 
Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20224; or sent electronically via the 
Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov (IRS-REG-
112196-07). The public hearing will be held in the Auditorium, 
beginning at 10 a.m., at the Internal Revenue Building, 1111 
Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Concerning the proposed regulations, 
Theresa M. Melchiorre, (202) 622-3090; concerning submissions of 
comments, the hearing, and/or to be placed on the building access list 
to attend the hearing, Richard Hurst at 
[email protected] or at (202) 622-7180 (not toll-
free numbers).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    Section 2001 imposes a tax on the transfer of the taxable estate of 
every decedent who is a citizen or resident of the United States. 
Section 2033 provides that the value of the gross estate includes the 
value of all property to the extent of the interest of the decedent at 
the time of his death. Section 2031(a) provides that the value of the 
decedent's gross estate includes the value at the time of the 
decedent's death of all property, real or personal, tangible or 
intangible, wherever situated. Section 2032(a) provides that the value 
of the gross estate may be determined, if the executor so elects, by 
valuing all the property includible in the gross estate as follows. 
Property distributed, sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of during 
the 6-month period immediately after the date of death (alternate 
valuation period) is valued as of the date of distribution, sale, 
exchange, or other disposition (transaction date). I.R.C. section 
2032(a)(1). Property not distributed, sold, exchanged, or otherwise 
disposed of during the alternate valuation period is valued as of the 
date that is 6 months after the decedent's death (6-month date). I.R.C. 
section 2032(a)(2). Any interest or estate that is affected by the mere 
lapse of time is includible at its value as of the date of death 
(instead of any later date), with adjustment for any difference in its 
value as of the later date that is not due to the mere lapse of time. 
I.R.C. section 2032(a)(3).
    Section 2031(c) was enacted by the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, 105 
Public Law 34 section 508(a), 111 Stat. 788 (August 5, 1997). Pursuant 
to this section, a decedent's estate may elect to exclude from the 
gross estate a portion of the fair market value of property includible 
in the decedent's gross estate by granting a qualified conservation 
easement on that property after the date of the decedent's death but on 
or before the due date (including extensions) for filing the Form 706, 
United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return.
    On April 25, 2008, a notice of proposed rulemaking (Reg-112196-07) 
relating to amendments to the Estate Tax Regulations (26 CFR part 20) 
under section 2032 of the Code was published in the Federal Register 
(73 FR 22300). Those regulations (73 FR 22300) proposed to clarify that 
the election to use the alternate valuation method under section 2032 
is available to estates that experience a reduction in the value of the 
gross estate during the alternate valuation period, but only to the 
extent that the reduction in value is due to market conditions and not 
to other post-death events (events occurring during the alternate 
valuation period). The term ''market conditions'' was defined as events 
outside of the control of the decedent (or the decedent's executor or 
trustee) or other person whose property is being valued that affect the 
fair market value of the property includible in the decedent's gross 
estate. Changes in value due to mere lapse of time or to other post-
death events would be ignored in determining the value of the 
decedent's gross estate under the alternate valuation method.
    No hearing was held because no person or organization requested to 
speak at a hearing. However, written comments were received. Some 
commentators expressed concern that the proposed regulations (73 FR 
22300) would create administrative problems because an estate would be 
required to trace property and to obtain appraisals based on 
hypothetical property. Some commentators stated that the current and 
the proposed regulations (73 FR 22300) did not adequately address the 
application of section 2032 to certain types of property, such as 
property the title to which passes at death due to contract, and to 
transactions carried out during the alternate valuation period between 
an estate and partnerships, corporations, or other entities. For 
example, Sec.  20.2032-1(c)(1) does not address the consequences of the 
estate contributing property to a partnership during the alternate 
valuation period.
    In addition, commentators requested guidance on the effect of a 
section 2032 election in calculating the portion of a trust includible 
in the decedent's gross estate under section 2036. This would arise in 
the situation where the decedent had retained the right to an annuity, 
unitrust, or other payment from the trust for life, for any period not 
ascertainable without reference to the grantor's death, or for a period 
that does not in fact end before the grantor's death. Further, some 
commentators requested guidance on the treatment of the grant, during 
the alternate valuation period, of a qualified conservation easement 
under section 2031(c).
    Many commentators acknowledged that estates may enter into a 
transaction during the alternate valuation period that could result in 
the abuse of the section 2032 election. They suggested that the IRS and 
Treasury Department would better serve taxpayers and address any 
potential abuse by ensuring that the regulations address the issues 
described in this preamble rather than finalizing the approach taken in 
the proposed regulations.

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    In view of the comments, the Treasury Department and the IRS are 
withdrawing the proposed regulations (73 FR 22300) by the publication 
of these proposed regulations in the Federal Register. Nevertheless, 
see the background section of those proposed regulations (73 FR 22300) 
for a summary of the legislative history of section 2032 and the 
purpose for issuing these proposed regulations.
    This document contains revised proposed amendments to the 
regulations promulgated under section 2032. These proposed regulations 
make irrelevant, for purposes of determining the value of property as 
of the transaction date or the 6-month date, whichever is applicable 
(alternate valuation date), the percentage of ownership or control in 
an entity includible in the gross estate and the extent of 
participation by the estate (or other holder of property includible in 
the gross estate) in the relevant post-death events.
    Certain provisions in the current regulations that have been in 
effect since 1954 are restated in the proposed regulations for purposes 
of clarity. The effective date of those provisions is not changed.

Explanation of Provisions

    These regulations propose to amend several sections of Sec.  
20.2032-1. Generally, paragraph (c)(1)(i) identifies transactions that 
constitute distributions, sales, exchanges, or dispositions of 
property. If an estate's (or other holder's) property is subject to 
such a transaction during the alternate valuation period, the estate 
must value that property on the transaction date. The value included in 
the gross estate is the fair market value of that property on the date 
of and immediately prior to the transaction. The term ``property'' 
refers to the property includible in the decedent's gross estate under 
section 2033.
    Sections 20.2032-1(c)(1)(ii) and (c)(1)(iii)(A) identify two 
exceptions to the rule in Sec.  20.2032-1(c)(1)(i). If either exception 
applies, the estate may use the 6-month date and value the property 
held on that date. The exception in Sec.  20.2032-1(c)(1)(ii) applies 
only to transactions in which an interest in a corporation, 
partnership, or other entity (entity) includible in the decedent's 
gross estate is exchanged for one or more different interests (for 
example, a different class of stock) in the same entity or in an 
acquiring or resulting entity or entities during the alternate 
valuation period. Such transactions may include, without limitation, 
reorganizations, recapitalizations, mergers, or similar transactions. 
This exception substitutes a fair market value test for the corporate 
provisions in the current regulations. Specifically, this paragraph 
proposes that, if, during the alternate valuation period, the interest 
in an entity includible in the gross estate is exchanged for a 
different interest in the same entity, or in an acquiring or resulting 
entity or entities, and if the fair market value of the interest on the 
date of the exchange equals the fair market value of the property for 
which it was exchanged, then the transaction will not be treated as an 
exchange for purposes of section 2032(a)(1). As a result, the estate 
may use the 6-month date to value the interest in the same entity or in 
the acquiring or resulting entity or entities received in the exchange. 
For this purpose, the fair market values of the surrendered property 
and received interest are deemed to be equal if the difference between 
the fair market values of the surrendered property and the received 
interest does not exceed 5 percent of the fair market value of the 
surrendered property as of the transaction date. This section has no 
effect on any other provision of the Code that is applicable to the 
transaction. For example, the provisions of chapter 14 may apply even 
if the transaction does not result in a deemed exchange for section 
2032 purposes as a result of satisfying the provisions of Sec.  
20.2032-1(c)(1)(ii).
    Section 20.2032-1(c)(1)(iii)(A) proposes that, if, during the 
alternate valuation period, an estate (or other holder) receives a 
distribution from a business entity, bank account, or retirement trust 
(entity) and an interest in that entity is includible in the decedent's 
gross estate, the estate may use the 6-month date to value the property 
held in the estate if the following requirement is satisfied. The fair 
market value of the interest in the entity includible in the gross 
estate immediately before the distribution must equal the sum of the 
fair market value of the distributed property on the date of the 
distribution and the fair market value of the interest in the entity 
includible in the gross estate immediately after the distribution. If 
this requirement is not satisfied, the estate must use the fair market 
value as of the distribution date and immediately prior to the 
distribution of the entire interest in the entity includible in the 
gross estate. For purposes of this section, any distribution is deemed 
to consist first of excluded property (as defined in Sec.  20.2032-
1(d)), if any, and then of included property.
    Section 20.2032-1(c)(1)(iv) proposes an aggregation rule to use in 
calculating the fair market value of each portion of property that is, 
or is deemed to be distributed, sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed 
of during the alternate valuation period, and that remains in the gross 
estate on the 6-month date.
    Section 20.2032-1(c)(iii)(B) provides a special rule to use in 
determining the portion of a trust includible, by reason of a retained 
interest, in the decedent's gross estate under section 2036 as of the 
alternate valuation date. An example is added to Sec.  20.2032-1(e) to 
illustrate this special rule and the effect of the provisions of Sec.  
20.2032-1(d) and Sec.  20.2032-1(f)(2)(i) on this calculation.
    Section 20.2032-1(c)(2) is amended to clarify when property, the 
title to which passes by contract or by operation of law, is deemed to 
be distributed, sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of for section 
2032 purposes. Section 20.2032-1(c)(3) is amended to clarify the person 
or entity that will be treated as having sold, exchanged, or otherwise 
disposed of the property for section 2032 purposes.
    Section 20.2032-1(c)(4) is added to provide that if Congress, by 
statute, has deemed that a post-death event has occurred on the 
decedent's date of death, the post-death event will not result in a 
distribution, sale, exchange, or other disposition of the property for 
section 2032 purposes. To date, the only post-death event that 
satisfies this exception is the grant, during the alternate valuation 
period, of a conservation easement in accordance with section 2031(c). 
With respect to such a grant, for section 2032 purposes, the estate 
must determine the fair market value of the property as of the date of 
death and as of the alternate valuation date, taking into account the 
effect of the easement on each of those valuation dates.
    Section 20.2032-1(c)(5) provides examples, not intended to be 
exclusive, illustrating the provisions of Sec.  20.2032-1(c).
    Section 20.2032-1(f) is revised to clarify the types of factors 
that impact the fair market value of property and the effect of which 
will be recognized under section 2032. This paragraph also explains and 
illustrates these rules.

Proposed Effective/Applicability Date

    Section 20.2032-1(c)(2) except the second sentence of the 
introductory text, Sec.  20.2032-1(c)(3) except Sec.  20.2032-
1(c)(3)(i)(C), the chart in Example 1 of Sec.  20.2032-1(e), Sec.  
20.2032-1(f)(2) except the last sentence, and the first and third 
sentences in Sec.  20.2032-1(f)(2)(ii) are

[[Page 71493]]

applicable to decedents dying after August 16, 1954. Sections 20.2032-
1(a) introductory text, 20.2032-1(a)(1), 20.2032-1(a)(2), 20.2032-
1(c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii), (c)(1)(iv), (c)(3)(i)(C), (c)(4), 
(c)(5), (f)(1), (f)(2)(i), and (f)(3), the second sentence in Sec.  
20.2032-1(c)(2) introductory text, Sec.  20.2032-1(e) except the chart 
in Example 1, the last sentence in Sec.  20.2032-1(f)(2) introductory 
text, and the second sentence in Sec.  20.2032-1(f)(2)(ii) are 
applicable to estates of decedents dying on or after the date of 
publication of the Treasury decision adopting these rules as final in 
the Federal Register.

Special Analyses

    It has been determined that this proposed regulation is not a 
significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 12866, as 
supplemented by Executive Order 13563. Therefore, a regulatory 
assessment is not required. It also has been determined that section 
553(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 5) does 
not apply to these regulations and, because these regulations do not 
impose on small entities a collection of information requirement, the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) does not apply. 
Therefore, a Regulatory Flexibility Analysis is not required. Pursuant 
to section 7805(f) of the Internal Revenue Code, this regulation has 
been submitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration for comment on its impact on small business.

Comments and Public Hearing

    Before these proposed regulations are adopted as final regulations, 
consideration will be given to any written (a signed original and eight 
(8) copies) or electronic comments that are submitted timely to the 
IRS. The IRS and Treasury Department also request comments on the 
clarity of the proposed rules and how they can be made easier to 
understand. All comments will be available for public inspection and 
copying.
    A public hearing has been scheduled for March 9, 2012 at 10 a.m. in 
Auditorium, Internal Revenue Building. Due to building security 
procedures, visitors must use the main building entrance 1111 
Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC. In addition, all visitors must 
present photo identification to enter the building. Because of access 
restrictions, visitors will not be admitted beyond the immediate 
entrance area more than 30 minutes before the hearing starts. For more 
information about having your name placed on the list to attend the 
hearing, see the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this 
preamble.
    The rules of 26 CFR 601.601(a)(3) apply to the hearing. Persons who 
wish to present oral comments at the hearing must submit written (a 
signed original and eight (8) copies) or electronic comments by 
February 16, 2012 and an outline of the topics to be discussed and the 
time to be devoted to each topic by February 17, 2012. A period of 10 
minutes will be allotted to each person for making comments. An agenda 
showing the scheduling of the speakers will be prepared after the 
deadline for receiving outlines has passed. Copies of the agenda will 
be available free of charge at the hearing.

Drafting Information

    The principal author of these proposed regulations is Theresa M. 
Melchiorre, Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special 
Industries).

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 20

    Estate taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Withdrawal of Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

    Under the authority of 26 U.S.C. 7805, the notice of proposed 
rulemaking (Reg-112196-07) that was published in the Federal Register 
on April 25, 2008 (73 FR 22300) is withdrawn.

Proposed Amendments to the Regulations

    Accordingly, 26 CFR part 20 is proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 20--ESTATE TAX; ESTATES OF DECEDENTS DYING AFTER AUGUST 16, 
1954

    Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 20 continues to read 
in part as follows:

    Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *


Sec.  20.2032-1  [Amended]

    Par. 2. For each entry in the table, each paragraph in the ``Old 
Paragraph'' column is redesignated as indicated in the ``New 
Paragraph'' column:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Old paragraph                        New paragraph
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 20.2032-1(c)(1)                      20.2032-1(c)(1)(i)
 20.2032-1(c)(3)                      20.2032-1(c)(3)(i)
 20.2032-1(c)(3)(i)                   20.2032-1(c)(3)(i)(A)
 20.2032-1(c)(3)(ii)                  20.2032-1(c)(3)(i)(B)
 20.2032-1(c)(3)(iii)                 20.2032-1(c)(3)(i)(C)
 20.2032-1(c)(3)(iv)                  20.2032-1(c)(3)(i)(D)
 20.2032-1(c)(3)(v)                   20.2032-1(c)(3)(i)(E)
 20.2032-1(f)                         20.2032-1(f)(2)
 20.2032-1(f)(1)                      20.2032-1(f)(2)(i)
 20.2032-1(f)(2)                      20.2032-1(f)(2)(ii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Par. 3. Section 20.2032-1 is amended by:
    1. Revising paragraph (a) introductory text.
    2. Revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2).
    3. Revising newly-designated paragraph (c)(1)(i), newly-designated 
paragraph (c)(3)(i)(C), paragraph (e) introductory text, the 
introductory text of paragraph (e) Example 1 preceding the table, the 
last sentence in newly-designated paragraph (f)(2) introductory text, 
newly-designated paragraph (f)(2)(i), and the second sentence in newly-
designated paragraph (f)(2)(ii).
    4. Adding new paragraphs (c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii), (c)(1)(iv), 
(c)(4), (c)(5), (f)(1), and (f)(3).
    5. Adding a paragraph heading and a new second sentence in 
paragraph (c)(2) introductory text.
    6. Adding a paragraph heading to paragraph (c)(3).
    7. Designating the undesignated language following newly-designated 
paragraph (c)(3)(i)(E) as paragraph (c)(3)(ii) and adding a paragraph 
heading to this paragraph.
    8. Designating the table in paragraph (e) as Example 1 and adding 
paragraph (e) Example 2 following the table.
    9. Revising the paragraph heading and adding two sentences at the 
end of paragraph (h).
    The additions and revisions read as follows.


Sec.  20.2032-1  Alternate valuation.

    (a) In general.--In general, section 2032 provides for the 
valuation of a decedent's gross estate at a date (alternate valuation 
date) other than the date of the decedent's death. More specifically, 
if an executor elects the alternate valuation method under section 
2032, the property includible in the decedent's gross estate on the 
date of death (decedent's interest) is valued as of whichever of the 
following dates is applicable:
    (1) Any property distributed, sold, exchanged, or otherwise 
disposed of within 6 months (1 year, if the decedent died on or before 
December 31, 1970) after the decedent's death (alternate valuation 
period) is valued as of the date on which it is first distributed, 
sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of (transaction date).

[[Page 71494]]

    (2) Any property not distributed, sold, exchanged, or otherwise 
disposed of during the alternate valuation period is valued as of the 
date 6 months (1 year, if the decedent died on or before December 31, 
1970) after the date of the decedent's death (6-month date).
* * * * *
    (c) Meaning of ``distributed, sold, exchanged, or otherwise 
disposed of''--(1) In general--
    (i) Transactions included. The phrase ``distributed, sold, 
exchanged, or otherwise disposed of'' comprehends all possible ways by 
which property ceases to form a part of the gross estate. This phrase 
includes, but is not limited to:
    (A) The use of money on hand at the date of the decedent's death to 
pay funeral or other expenses of the decedent's estate;
    (B) The use of money on hand at the date of the decedent's death to 
invest in other property;
    (C) The exercise of employee stock options;
    (D) The surrender of stock for corporate assets in partial or 
complete liquidation of a corporation, and similar transactions 
involving partnerships or other entities;
    (E) The distribution by the estate (or other holder) of included 
property as defined in paragraph (d) of this section;
    (F) The transfer or exchange of property for other property, 
whether or not gain or loss is currently recognized for income tax 
purposes;
    (G) The contribution of cash or other property to a corporation, 
partnership, or other entity, whether or not gain or loss is currently 
recognized for income tax purposes;
    (H) The exchange of interests in a corporation, partnership, or 
other entity (entity) for one or more different interests (for example, 
a different class of stock) in the same entity or in an acquiring or 
resulting entity or entities (see, however, paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of 
this section); and
    (I) Any other change in the ownership structure or interests in, or 
in the assets of, a corporation, partnership, or other entity, an 
interest in which is includible in the gross estate, such that the 
included property after the change does not reasonably represent the 
included property at the decedent's date of death (see, however, 
paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) of this section). Such a change in the 
ownership structure or interests in or in the assets of an entity 
includes, without limitation--
    (1) The dilution of the decedent's ownership interest in the entity 
due to the issuance of additional ownership interests in that entity;
    (2) An increase in the decedent's ownership interest in the entity 
due to the entity's redemption of the interest of a different owner;
    (3) A reinvestment of the entity's assets; and
    (4) A distribution or disbursement of property (other than excluded 
property as defined in paragraph (d) of this section) by the entity 
(other than expenses, such as rents and salaries, paid in the ordinary 
course of the entity's business), with the effect that the fair market 
value of the entity before the occurrence does not equal the fair 
market value of the entity immediately thereafter.
    (ii) Exchange of an interest in an existing corporation, 
partnership, or other entity includible in the gross estate. If an 
interest in a corporation, partnership, or other entity (entity) is 
includible in the gross estate at death and that interest is exchanged 
as described in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(H) of this section for one or more 
different interests in the same entity or in an acquiring or resulting 
entity or entities, the transaction does not result in an exchange or 
disposition under section 2032(a)(1) and paragraph (c)(1)(i)(H) of this 
section if, on the date of the exchange, the fair market value of the 
interest in the entity equals the fair market value of the interest(s) 
in the same entity or the acquiring or resulting entity or entities. 
Such transactions may include, without limitation, reorganizations, 
recapitalizations, mergers, or similar transactions. In determining 
whether the exchanged properties have the same fair market value, a 
difference in value equal to or less than 5 percent of the fair market 
value, as of the transaction date, of the property interest includible 
in the gross estate on the decedent's date of death is ignored. If the 
transaction satisfies the requirements of this paragraph, the property 
to be valued on the 6-month date (or on the transaction date, if any, 
subsequent to this transaction) is the property received in the 
exchange, rather than the property includible in the decedent's gross 
estate at the date of death. This paragraph has no effect on any other 
provision of the Internal Revenue Code that is applicable to the 
transaction. For example, even if the transaction does not result in a 
deemed exchange as a result of satisfying the requirements of this 
paragraph, the provisions of chapter 14 may be applicable to determine 
fair market value for Federal estate tax purposes.
    (iii) Distributions from an account or entity in which the decedent 
held an interest at death.
    (A) In general. If during the alternate valuation period, an estate 
(or other holder of the decedent's interest) receives a distribution or 
disbursement (to the extent the distribution or disbursement consists 
of included property, as defined in paragraph (d) of this section) 
(payment) from a partnership, corporation, trust (including an IRA, 
Roth IRA, 403(b), 401(k), Thrift Savings Plan, etc.), bank account or 
similar asset, or other entity (entity), and an interest in that entity 
is includible in the gross estate, the payment does not result in a 
distribution under paragraph (c)(1)(i)(I) of this section. However, 
this rule applies only if, on the date of the payment, the fair market 
value of the decedent's interest in the entity before the payment 
equals the sum of the fair market value of the payment made to the 
estate (or other holder of the decedent's interest in the entity) and 
the fair market value of the decedent's interest in the entity, not 
including any excluded property, after the payment. In this case, the 
alternate valuation date of the payment is the date of the payment, and 
the alternate valuation date of the decedent's remaining interest in 
the entity, if any, is the 6-month date (or the transaction date, if 
any, subsequent to this payment). If this requirement is not met, the 
payment is a distribution under paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, 
and the alternate valuation date of the decedent's entire interest in 
the entity is the date of the payment. For purposes of this section, a 
distribution or disbursement is deemed to consist first of excluded 
property, if any, and then of included property, as those terms are 
defined in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (B) Special rule. If the decedent's interest in an entity that is 
includible in the gross estate consists of the amount needed to produce 
an annuity, unitrust, remainder, or other such payment valued under 
section 2036, then assuming the distribution satisfies the general rule 
set forth in paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the value of 
each distribution (to the extent it is deemed to consist of included 
property) payable (whether or not actually paid) during the alternate 
valuation period shall be added to the value of the entity on the 
alternate valuation date. The sum of the fair market value of these 
distributions when made and the fair market value of the entity on the 
alternate valuation date shall be used as the fair market value of the 
entity in computing the amount, valued as of the alternate valuation 
date, to be included in the decedent's gross estate under

[[Page 71495]]

section 2036. See Example 2 of paragraph (e) of this section.
    (iv) Aggregation. For purposes of this section, a special 
aggregation rule applies in two situations to determine the value to be 
included in the gross estate pursuant to an alternate valuation 
election. Those two situations arise when, during the alternate 
valuation period, less than all of the interest includible in the 
decedent's gross estate in a particular property is the subject of a 
transaction described in paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii), 
or (c)(2) of this section. In one situation, one or more portions of 
the includible interest are subject to such a transaction and a portion 
is still held on the 6-month date. In the other situation, the entire 
interest includible in the gross estate is disposed of in two or more 
such transactions during the alternate valuation period, so that no 
part of that interest remains on the 6-month date. In both of these 
situations, the fair market value of each portion of the interest 
includible in the gross estate is to be determined as follows. The fair 
market value of each portion subject to such a transaction, and the 
portion remaining, if any, on the 6-month date, is the fair market 
value, as of the transaction date, or the 6-month date for any 
remaining portion, of the entire interest includible in the gross 
estate on the decedent's date of death, multiplied by a fraction. The 
numerator of that fraction is the portion of the interest subject to 
that transaction, or the portion remaining on the 6-month date, and the 
denominator is the entire interest includible in the gross estate at 
the decedent's date of death.
    (2) Property distributed. * * * Property is not considered 
``distributed'' merely because property passes directly at death as a 
result of a beneficiary designation or other contractual arrangement or 
by operation of law. * * *
    (3) Person able to sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of property 
includible in the gross estate. (i) * * *
    (A) * * *
    (B) * * *
    (C) An heir, devisee, or other person to whom title to property 
passes directly on death by reason of a beneficiary designation or 
other contractual arrangement or by operation of law;
    (D) * * *
    (E) * * *
    (ii) Binding contracts. * * *
    (4) Certain post-death events. If the effect of any other provision 
of the Internal Revenue Code is that a post-death event is deemed to 
have occurred on the date of death, the post-death event will not be 
considered a transaction described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this 
section. For example, the grant, during the alternate valuation period, 
of a qualified conservation easement in accordance with section 2031(c) 
is not a transaction described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section. 
Pursuant to section 2031(c), the post-death grant of the easement is 
effective for Federal estate tax purposes as of the date of the 
decedent's death. As a result, for purposes of determining both the 
estate's eligibility to make an election under this section and the 
value of the property on the alternate valuation date, the fair market 
value of the property as of the date of death must be compared to the 
fair market value of that property as of the alternate valuation date, 
in each case as that value is adjusted by reason of the existence of 
the section 2031(c) qualified easement.
    (5) Examples. The application of paragraph (c) of this section is 
illustrated in the following examples. In each example, decedent's 
(D's) estate elects to value D's gross estate under the alternate 
valuation method, so that the alternate valuation date of the property 
includible in the gross estate on D's date of death is either the 
transaction date or the 6-month date. In each example, assume that the 
only factors affecting value during the alternate valuation period, and 
the only occurrences described in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (c)(2) of 
this section, are those described in the example.

    Example 1. At D's death, D owned property with a fair market 
value of $100X. Two months after D's death (Date 1), D's executor 
and D's family members formed a limited partnership. D's executor 
contributed all of the property to the partnership and received an 
interest in the partnership in exchange. The investment of the 
property in the partnership is a transaction described in paragraph 
(c)(1)(i)(F) and/or (G) of this section. As a result, the alternate 
valuation date of the property is the date of its contribution and 
the value to be included in D's gross estate is the fair market 
value of the property immediately prior to its contribution to the 
partnership. The result would be the same if D's estate instead had 
contributed property to a limited partnership formed prior to D's 
death by D and/or other parties, related or unrelated to D. Further, 
the result would be the same if D's estate had contributed the 
property to a corporation, publicly traded or otherwise, or other 
entity after D's death and prior to the 6-month date.
    Example 2. At D's death, D held incentive stock options that 
were qualified under section 422. D's executor exercised all of the 
stock options prior to the 6-month date. The exercise of the stock 
options is a transaction described in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(C) of this 
section. Thus, the alternate valuation date of the stock options is 
the date of their exercise and the value to be included in D's gross 
estate is the fair market value of the stock options immediately 
prior to their exercise. The result would be the same if the stock 
options were not qualified under section 422 and were taxable under 
section 83 upon exercise.
    Example 3. D's gross estate includes a controlling interest in 
Y, a corporation. During the alternate valuation period, Y issued 
additional shares of stock and awarded them to certain key 
employees. D's interest in Y was diluted to a non-controlling 
interest by Y's issuance of the additional stock. Y's issuance of 
the stock is a transaction described in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(I) of 
this section. The value to be included in D's gross estate is the 
fair market value of D's stock immediately prior to Y's issuance of 
the additional stock. The result would be the same if D's estate 
included a minority interest in Y on the date of death and that 
interest became a controlling interest during the alternate 
valuation period as the result of Y's redemption of the shares of 
another shareholder.
    Example 4. At D's death, D owned stock in Y, a corporation. 
During the alternate valuation period, the Board of Directors of Y 
contributed all of Y's assets to a partnership in exchange for 
interests therein. The contribution is a transaction described in 
paragraph (c)(1)(i)(I)(3) of this section. Therefore, the alternate 
valuation date of D's stock in Y is the date of the reinvestment of 
Y's assets and the value to be included in D's gross estate is the 
fair market value of D's stock in Y immediately prior to the 
reinvestment. The result would be the same even if the Board of 
Directors had contributed only a portion of Y's assets to the 
partnership during the alternate valuation period.
    Example 5. (i) At D's death, D owned common stock in Y, a 
corporation. Two months after D's death (Date 1), there was a 
reorganization of Y. In the reorganization, D's estate exchanged all 
of its stock for a new class of stock in X. On the date of the 
reorganization, the difference between the fair market value of the 
stock D's estate received and the fair market value on that date of 
the stock includible in D's gross estate at death was greater than 
5% of the fair market value, as of the date of the reorganization, 
of the stock D held at death. The reorganization is a transaction 
described in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(H) of this section and does not 
satisfy the exception described in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this 
section. Thus, the alternate valuation date is the date of the 
reorganization and the value to be included in D's gross estate is 
the fair market value of the stock immediately prior to the 
reorganization. This result is not affected by whether or not the 
reorganization is a tax-free reorganization for Federal income tax 
purposes. The result would be the same if the stock had been held, 
for example, in an IRA with designated beneficiaries. See paragraph 
(c)(3)(i)(C) of this section.
    (ii) If, instead, the difference between the two fair market 
values as of the date of the reorganization was equal to or less 
than 5% of the fair market value, as of the date of the 
reorganization, of the stock D held at death, the reorganization 
would satisfy the exception provided in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of

[[Page 71496]]

this section. Thus, the alternate valuation date would be the 6-
month date. The value to be included in D's gross estate would be 
the fair market value, determined as of the 6-month date, of the new 
class of stock in Y that D's estate received in the reorganization.
    Example 6. (i) At D's death, D owned an interest in Partnership 
X that is includible in D's gross estate. During the alternate 
valuation period, X made a cash distribution to each of the 
partners. The distribution consists entirely of included property as 
defined in paragraph (d) of this section. The distribution is a 
transaction described in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(I)(4) of this section. 
On the date of the distribution, the fair market value of D's 
interest in X before the distribution equaled the sum of the 
distribution paid to D's estate and the fair market value of D's 
interest in X immediately after the distribution. Thus, pursuant to 
paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the alternate valuation 
date of the property distributed is the date of the distribution, 
and the alternate valuation date of D's interest in X is the 6-month 
date.
    (ii) If, instead, the fair market value of D's interest in X 
before the distribution did not equal the sum of the distribution 
paid to D's estate and the fair market value of D's interest in X 
(not including any excluded property) immediately after the 
distribution, then pursuant to paragraph (c)(1)(i)(I)(4) of this 
section, the alternate valuation date of D's entire interest in X 
would be the date of the distribution.
    Example 7. D died owning 100% of Blackacre. D's will directs 
that an undivided 70% interest in Blackacre is to pass to Trust A 
for the benefit of D's surviving spouse, and an undivided 30% 
interest is to pass to Trust B for the benefit of D's surviving 
child. Three months after D's death (Date 1), the executor of D's 
estate distributed a 70% interest in Blackacre to Trust A. Four 
months after D's death (Date 2), the executor of D's estate 
distributed a 30% interest in Blackacre to Trust B. The following 
values are includible in D's gross estate pursuant to paragraphs 
(c)(1)(i)(E) and (c)(1)(iv): The fair market value of the 70% 
interest in Blackacre, determined by calculating 70% of the fair 
market value of all (100%) of Blackacre as of Date 1; and the fair 
market value of the 30% interest in Blackacre, determined by 
calculating 30% of the fair market value of all (100%) of Blackacre 
as of Date 2.
    Example 8. At D's death, D owned 100% of the units of a limited 
liability company (LLC). Two months after D's death (Date 1), D's 
executor sold 20% of the LLC units to an unrelated third party. 
Three months after D's death (Date 2), D's executor sold 40% of the 
LLC units to D's child. On the 6-month date, the estate held the 
remaining 40% of the units in the LLC. The alternate valuation date 
of the units sold is their sale date (Date 1 and Date 2, 
respectively) pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section. The 
alternate valuation date of the units remaining in the estate is the 
6-month date, as these units have not been distributed, sold, 
exchanged, or otherwise disposed of in a transaction described in 
paragraphs (c)(1)(i) or (c)(2) of this section prior to this date. 
Pursuant to paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section, the value of the 
units disposed of on Date 1 and Date 2 is the fair market value of 
the 20% and 40% interests, determined by calculating 20% and 40% of 
the fair market value as of Date 1 and Date 2, respectively, of all 
the units (100%) includible in the gross estate at D's death. 
Similarly, the value of the units held on the 6-month date to be 
included in D's gross estate is the fair market value of those 
units, determined by taking 40% of the fair market value on the 6-
month date of all of the units (100%) includible in the gross estate 
at D's death. As a result, the fact that the partial sales resulted 
in the creation of three minority interests is not taken into 
account in valuing under section 2032 any portion of the LLC 
interests held by D at D's death.
    Example 9. Husband died owning an interest in a brokerage 
account titled in the names of Husband and Wife with rights of 
survivorship. On Husband's death, the account held marketable 
securities, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, certificates of 
deposit, and cash. During the alternate valuation period, Wife's 
stockbroker advised her that the account could not be held under the 
social security number of a deceased individual. Accordingly, 
approximately one month after Husband's death, Wife directed the 
stockbroker to transfer the account into an account titled in Wife's 
sole name. Because title to the joint account passes to Wife at the 
moment of Husband's death by operation of law, the transfer of the 
joint account into an account in Wife's sole name is not a 
transaction described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section. 
Accordingly, the value of the assets held in Wife's solely owned 
account will be includible in Husband's gross estate at their fair 
market value on the 6-month date. The result would be the same if 
the brokerage firm automatically transferred title to the account 
into Wife's name, or if Wife changed the beneficiary designation for 
the account. Finally, the result would be the same if, instead of an 
account with a brokerage firm, the assets were held in Husband's 
retirement account (IRA or similar trust such as a Roth IRA, 403(b) 
plan, or 401(k) plan) or Wife's ownership of the account was the 
result of a contract (a beneficiary designation form) rather than 
operation of law.
    Example 10.  Assume the same facts as in Example 9 except that, 
during the alternate valuation period, Wife directed the stockbroker 
to sell a bond in the account. The sale is a transaction described 
in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(I)(4) of this section. Wife is an individual 
described in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(D) of this section. Thus, the 
alternate valuation date of the bond is the date of its sale. The 
values to be included in D's gross estate are the fair market value 
of the bond on date of its sale, and the fair market value of the 
balance of the account on the 6-month date. The result would be the 
same if the bond had matured and was retired during the alternate 
valuation period. The result also would be the same if the bond was 
held within a retirement account (IRA or similar trust such as a 
Roth IRA, 403(b) plan, or 401(k) plan).
    Example 11.  Assume the same facts as in Example 9 except that, 
during the alternate valuation period, Wife withdrew cash from the 
account or otherwise received income or other disbursements from the 
account. Each such withdrawal or disbursement from the account (to 
the extent it consists of included property as defined in paragraph 
(d) of this section) is a distribution described in paragraph 
(c)(1)(i)(I)(4) of this section. Provided that, on the date of each 
distribution, the fair market value of the account before the 
distribution (not including excluded property) equals the sum of the 
included property distributed and the fair market value of the 
included property in the account immediately after the distribution 
in accordance with paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the 
alternate valuation date for each distribution is the date of the 
distribution and the alternate valuation date for the account is the 
6-month date. The value to be included in the gross estate is the 
fair market value of each distribution of included property 
(determined as of the date of distribution) and the fair market 
value of the account on the 6-month date. The result would be the 
same if the assets were held in an IRA or similar trust, such as a 
Roth IRA, 403(b) plan, or 401(k) plan.
    Example 12. Husband died with a retirement account, having named 
his three children, in specified shares totaling 100%, as the 
designated beneficiaries of that account. During the alternate 
valuation period, the account was divided into three separate 
retirement accounts, each in the name of a different child and 
funded with that child's designated share. The division of the 
retirement account is not a transaction described in paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) of this section by reason of paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section, so the alternate valuation date for each of the new 
accounts is the 6-month date.
    Example 13. (i) D's gross estate includes real property. During 
the alternate valuation period, D's executor grants a conservation 
easement that restricts the property's use under local law but does 
not satisfy the requirements of section 2031(c). The easement 
reduces the fair market value of the property. The executor's grant 
of the conservation easement is a transaction described in paragraph 
(c)(1)(i)(E) of this section and does not satisfy the exception 
described in paragraph (c)(4) of this section. Therefore, the 
alternate valuation date for the property is the date the easement 
was granted, and the value to be included in D's gross estate is the 
fair market value of the property immediately prior to the grant.
    (ii) Assume, instead, that the easement satisfied the 
requirements of section 2031(c) and, thus, satisfied the exception 
described in paragraph (c)(4) of this section. Pursuant to paragraph 
(c)(4), for purposes of determining both the estate's eligibility to 
make an election under section 2032 and the value of the property on 
the 6-month date, the section 2031(c) qualified easement is taken 
into account in determining both the fair market value of the 
property on D's date of death and the fair market value of the 
property on the 6-month date.
* * * * *
    (e) Examples. -The application of paragraph (d) of this section 
regarding ``included property'' and ``excluded property'' is 
illustrated by the following examples.


[[Page 71497]]


    Example 1. Assume that the decedent (D) died on January 1, 1955: 
* * *
    Example 2. (i) At death, D held a qualified interest described 
in section 2702(b) in the form of an annuity in a grantor retained 
annuity trust (GRAT) D had created and funded with $150,000. The 
trust agreement provides for an annual annuity payment of $12,000 
per year to D or D's estate for a term of 10 years. At the 
expiration of the 10-year term, the remainder is to be distributed 
to D's child. D dies prior to the expiration of the 10-year term. On 
D's date of death, the fair market value of the property in the GRAT 
is $325,000.
    (ii) The only assets in the GRAT are an apartment building and a 
bank account. Three months after D's date of death, an annuity 
payment of $12,000 is paid in cash to D's estate. The monthly rents 
from the apartment building total $500. After the date of death and 
prior to the payment date, the GRAT received $1,500 in excluded 
property in the form of rent. Pursuant to paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) 
of this section, $1,500 of the $12,000 distributed is deemed to be 
excluded property for purposes of section 2032. The distribution is 
a transaction described in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(I)(4) of this 
section. On the date of the distribution, the fair market value of 
D's interest in the GRAT before the distribution equals the sum of 
the distribution paid to D's estate and the fair market value of D's 
interest in the GRAT immediately after the distribution. Thus, 
pursuant to paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the alternate 
valuation date for the $10,500 cash distribution, which is included 
property, is the date of its distribution, and the alternate 
valuation date of the GRAT is the 6-month date.
    (iii) The calculation of the value of D's interest in the GRAT 
includible in D's gross estate at D's death pursuant to section 2036 
must be computed under the special rule of paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(B) 
of this section as a result of the estate's election to use the 
alternate valuation method under section 2032. On the 6-month date, 
the section 7520 interest rate is 6% and the fair market value of 
the property in the GRAT is $289,500. Pursuant to paragraph 
(c)(1)(iii)(B) of this section, the fair market value of the GRAT 
property deemed to be included property is $300,000 ($289,500 plus 
$10,500). Accordingly, for purposes of determining the fair market 
value of the corpus includible in D's gross estate under section 
2036(a)(1) as of the 6-month date, see Sec.  20.2036-1(c)(2), using 
a GRAT corpus of $300,000 and, pursuant to paragraph (f)(2)(i) of 
this section, a section 7520 rate of 6%.

    (f) Post-death factors and occurrences.--(1) In general. The 
election to use the alternate valuation method under section 2032 
permits property includible in the gross estate on the decedent's date 
of death to be valued on the 6-month date, rather than on the date of 
death. Thus, the election permits a valuation for Federal estate tax 
purposes that reflects the impact of factors such as economic or market 
conditions, occurrences described in section 2054 (to the extent not 
compensated by insurance or otherwise, and not deducted under that 
section), and other factors or occurrences during the alternate 
valuation period, as set forth in guidance issued by the Secretary. 
Those factors and occurrences do not include the mere lapse of time 
described in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, or transactions 
described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or (c)(2) of this section that are not 
excluded under paragraphs (c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii)(A), and (c)(4) of 
this section. Generally, management decisions made in the ordinary 
course of operating a business, such as a corporation, a partnership, 
or other business entity, are taken into account under this section as 
occurrences related to economic or market conditions. To the extent, 
however, that these decisions change the ownership or control structure 
of the business entity, or otherwise are included in paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) or (c)(2) of this section and are not excluded by paragraphs 
(c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii)(A), or (c)(4) of this section, they will be 
treated as described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section.
    (2) Mere lapse of time. * * * The application of this paragraph is 
illustrated in paragraphs (f)(2)(i) and (f)(2)(ii) of this section:
    (i) Life estates, remainders, and similar interests. (A) The fair 
market value of a life estate, remainder, term interest or similar 
interest as of the alternate valuation date is determined by applying 
the methodology prescribed in Sec.  20.2031-7, subject to the following 
two sentences. The age of each person whose life expectancy may affect 
the fair market value of the interest shall be determined as of the 
date of the decedent's death. The fair market value of the property and 
the applicable interest rate under section 7520 shall be determined 
using values applicable on the alternate valuation date.
    (B) Examples. The application of paragraph (f)(2)(i)(A) of this 
section is illustrated in the following examples.

    Example 1.  Assume that the decedent (D) or D's estate was 
entitled to receive certain property upon the death of A, who was 
entitled to the income from the property for life. At the time of 
D's death after April 30, 2009, the fair market value of the 
property was $50,000, and A was 47 years and 5 months old. In the 
month in which D died, the section 7520 rate was 6.2%, but rose to 
7.4% on the 6-month date. The fair market value of D's remainder 
interest as of D's date of death was $9,336.00 ($50,000 x 0.18672, 
the single life remainder factor from Table S for a 47 year old at a 
6.2% interest rate), as illustrated in Example 1 of Sec.  20.2031-
7T(d)(5). If, because of economic conditions, the property declined 
in value during the alternate valuation period and was worth only 
$40,000 on the 6-month date, the fair market value of the remainder 
interest would be $5,827 ($40,000 X 0.14568, the Table S value for a 
47 year old at a 7.4% interest rate), even though A would have been 
48 years old on the 6-month date.
    Example 2.  D created an intervivos charitable remainder annuity 
trust (CRAT) described in section 664(d)(1). The trust instrument 
directs the trustee to hold, invest, and reinvest the corpus of the 
trust and to pay to D for D's life, and then to D's child (C) for 
C's life, an amount each year equal to 6% of the initial fair market 
value of the trust. At the termination of the trust, the corpus, 
together with the accumulated income, is to be distributed to N, a 
charitable organization described in sections 170(c), 2055(a), and 
2522(a). D died, survived by C. D's estate is entitled to a 
charitable deduction under section 2055 for the present value of N's 
remainder interest in the CRAT. Pursuant to Sec.  1.664-2(c) and 
Sec.  20.7520-2, in determining the fair market value of the 
remainder interest as of the alternate valuation date, D's executor 
may elect to use the section 7520 rate in effect for either of the 
two months immediately preceding the month in which the alternate 
valuation date occurs. Regardless of the section 7520 rate selected, 
however, the factor to be used to value the remainder interest is 
the appropriate factor for C's age on the date of D's death.

    (2)(ii) Patents. * * * Six months after the date of the decedent's 
death, the patent was sold for its then fair market value that had 
decreased to $60,000 because of the lapse of time. * * *
    (3) Examples. The following examples illustrate the application of 
this paragraph (f). In each example, decedent's (D's) estate elects to 
value D's gross estate under the alternate valuation method, so that 
the alternate valuation date of the property includible in the gross 
estate on D's date of death is either the transaction date or the 6-
month date. In each example, assume that the only factors affecting 
value, and the only occurrences described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or 
(c)(2) of this section, taking place during the alternate valuation 
period are those described in the example.

    Example 1.  At D's death, D's gross estate includes a residence. 
During the alternate valuation period, the fair market value of the 
residence (as well as the residential market in the area generally) 
declines due to a reduction in the availability of credit throughout 
the United States and, consequently, a decline in the availability 
of mortgages. The decline in the availability of mortgages is an 
economic or market condition. Therefore, in valuing the residence on 
the 6-month date, the effect of this decline on the fair market 
value of the residence is to be taken into account.
    Example 2.  (i) At D's death, D is the sole shareholder of 
corporation Y, a manufacturing company. Four months after

[[Page 71498]]

D's death, Y's physical plant is destroyed as a result of a natural 
disaster. The disaster affects a large geographic area and, as a 
result, the economy of that area is negatively affected. Five months 
after D's death, Y's Board of Directors votes to liquidate and 
dissolve Y. The liquidation and dissolution proceeding is not 
completed as of the 6-month date. The natural disaster is a factor 
that affects economic and market conditions. Therefore, the 
disaster, to the extent not compensated by insurance or otherwise, 
is taken into account in valuing the Y stock on the 6-month date.
    (ii) Assume instead that Y's plant is severely damaged due to 
flooding from the failure of pipes in the facility. The damage is an 
occurrence described in section 2054. Therefore, the damage, to the 
extent not compensated by insurance or otherwise, is taken into 
account in valuing the property on the 6-month date.
    Example 3.  At D's death, D has an interest in an S corporation, 
W. During the alternate valuation period, it is discovered that an 
employee of W has embezzled significant assets from W. W does not 
reasonably expect to recover the funds or any damages from the 
employee, and insurance proceeds are not sufficient to cover the 
loss. The theft is an occurrence described in section 2054. 
Therefore, the theft, to the extent not compensated by insurance or 
otherwise, is taken into account in valuing D's interest in W on the 
6-month date.

    (h) Effective/applicability date. * * * All of paragraph (c)(2) of 
this section except the second sentence of the introductory text, all 
of paragraph (c)(3) of this section except paragraph (c)(3)(i)(C) of 
this section, the chart in Example 1 of paragraph (e) of this section, 
all of paragraph (f)(2) of this section except the last sentence, and 
the first and third sentences in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section 
are applicable to decedents dying after August 16, 1954. All of 
paragraphs (a) introductory text, (a)(1), (a)(2), (c)(1)(i), 
(c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii), (c)(1)(iv), (c)(3)(i)(C), (c)(4), (c)(5), 
(f)(1), (f)(2)(i), and (f)(3) of this section, the second sentence of 
the introductory text in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, all of 
paragraph (e) of this section except the chart in Example 1, the last 
sentence in the introductory text of paragraph (f)(2) of this section, 
and the second sentence in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section are 
applicable to estates of decedents dying on or after the date of 
publication of the Treasury decision adopting these rules as final in 
the Federal Register.

Steven T. Miller,
Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement.
[FR Doc. 2011-29921 Filed 11-17-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4830-01-P