[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 104 (Tuesday, May 31, 2011)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 31223-31225]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-13341]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. NM451; Special Conditions No. 25-426-SC]


Special Conditions: Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 
Airplanes, Head-up Display (HUD) With Video Synthetic Vision System 
(SVS)

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final special conditions.

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SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for Bombardier Model BD-
700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes. These airplanes, as modified by 
Bombardier Inc., will have a novel or unusual design feature associated 
with a SVS that displays video imagery on

[[Page 31224]]

the HUD. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain 
adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These 
special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the 
Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety 
equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

DATES: Effective Date: June 30, 2011.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dale Dunford, FAA, ANM-111, Transport 
Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue, 
SW., Renton, Washington, 98057-3356; telephone (425) 227-2239 facsimile 
(425) 227-1100.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    On January 26, 2007, Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA), on 
behalf of Bombardier Inc., located in Montreal, Canada, applied to the 
New York Aircraft Certification Office (NYACO) for FAA approval of a 
type-design change on the Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 
airplanes. Per Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) T00003NY, those 
aircraft models are known under the marketing designation of Global 
Express and Global 5000, respectively. The change is to introduce the 
Rockwell-Collins avionics suite to replace the existing Honeywell 
Primus 2000EP avionics suite. The change includes the installation of a 
SVS that displays video imagery.
    Video display on the HUD constitutes new and novel technology for 
which the FAA has no certification criteria. Title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations (14 CFR) 25.773 does not permit visual distortions and 
reflections that could interfere with the pilot's normal duties and was 
not written in anticipation of such technology. Other applications for 
certification of such technology are anticipated in the near future and 
magnify the need to establish FAA safety standards that can be applied 
consistently for all such approvals. Special conditions are therefore 
issued as prescribed under the provisions of Sec.  21.16.

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.101, Bombardier Inc. must show 
that the Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes, as 
changed, continue to meet the applicable provisions of the regulations 
incorporated by reference in T00003NY or the applicable regulations in 
effect on the date of application for the change. The regulations 
incorporated by reference in the type certificate are commonly referred 
to as the ``original type certification basis.'' The regulations 
incorporated by reference in T00003NY are as follows:
    Based on the application date, January 26, 2007, under the 
provisions of Sec.  21.101, the applicable type-certification standards 
for the modification to the Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-
1A11 airplanes are as follows:

Airworthiness & Environmental Standards for Components and Areas Not 
Affected by the Change

    The original certification basis for the Bombardier Model BD-700-
1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes shown on TCDS T00003NY, Revision 13.

Airworthiness and Environmental Standards for Components and Areas 
Affected by the Change

    14 CFR part 25, effective February 1, 1965, including the latest 
applicable requirements of Amendments 25-1 through 25-119.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and 
BD-700-1A11 airplanes because of a novel or unusual design feature, 
special conditions are prescribed under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.16.
    Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which 
they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended 
later to include any other model that incorporates the same or similar 
novel or unusual design feature, or should any other model already 
included on the same type certificate be modified to incorporate the 
same or similar novel or unusual design feature, the special conditions 
would also apply to the other model under Sec.  21.101.
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes 
must comply with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 
CFR part 34 and the noise certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
    The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in 
accordance with Sec.  11.38, and they become part of the type-
certification basis under 14 CFR 21.101.

Novel or Unusual Design Features

    The Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes will 
incorporate the following novel or unusual design features:
    An SVS that displays video imagery on a HUD.

Discussion

    For many years the FAA has approved, on transport category 
airplanes, the use of HUD that display flight symbology, without a 
significant visual obscuration of the outside view. When the FAA began 
to evaluate the display of enhanced vision system (EVS) imagery on the 
HUD, significant potential to obscure the outside view became apparent, 
contrary to the requirements of 14 CFR 25.773. This rule does not 
permit distortions and reflections in the pilot-compartment view that 
can interfere with normal duties, and the rule was not written in 
anticipation of such technology. The video image potentially interferes 
with the pilot's ability to see the natural scene in the center of the 
forward field of view. Therefore, the FAA issued special conditions for 
such HUD/EVS installations to ensure that the level of safety required 
by Sec.  25.773 would be met even when the image might partially 
obscure the outside view. While many of the characteristics of EVS and 
SVS video differ in some ways, they have one thing in common: The 
potential for interference with the outside view through the airplane 
windshield. The FAA issues special conditions for new and novel 
technologies to achieve equivalent levels of safety.
    Although the pilot readily may be able to see around and through 
small, individual, stroke-written symbols on the HUD, the pilot may not 
be able to see around or through the image that fills the display 
without some interference of the outside view. Nevertheless, the SVS 
may be capable of meeting the required level of safety when considering 
the combined view of the image and the outside scene visible to the 
pilot through the image. It is essential that the pilot can use this 
combination of image and natural view of the outside scene as safely 
and effectively as the pilot-compartment view currently available 
without the SVS image.
    Because Sec.  25.773 does not provide for any alternatives or 
considerations for such a new and novel system, the FAA establishes 
safety requirements that assure an equivalent level of safety and 
effectiveness of the pilot-compartment view as intended by that rule. 
The purpose of this special condition is to provide the unique pilot-
compartment-view requirements for the SVS installation.

[[Page 31225]]

Discussion of Comments

    Notice of Proposed Special Conditions no. 25-11-10-SC for the 
Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes was published in 
the Federal Register on March 28, 2011 (76 FR 17062). No comments were 
received, and the special conditions are adopted as proposed.

Applicability

    As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the 
Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes. Should 
Bombardier Inc. apply at a later date for a change to the type 
certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel or 
unusual design feature, the special conditions would apply to that 
model as well.

Conclusion

    This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features 
on Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 airplanes. It is not a 
rule of general applicability.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Special Conditions

    Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the 
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of 
the type-certification basis for Bombardier Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-
700-1A11 airplanes.
    1. During any phase of flight in which it is to be used, the SVS 
imagery on the HUD must not degrade flight safety or interfere with the 
effective use of outside visual references for required pilot tasks.
    2. To avoid unacceptable interference with the safe and effective 
use of the pilot-compartment view, the SVS must meet the following 
requirements:
    a. The SVS design must minimize unacceptable display 
characteristics or artifacts (e.g., terrain shadowing against a dark 
background) that obscure the desired image of the scene, impair the 
pilot's ability to detect and identify visual references, mask flight 
hazards, distract the pilot, or otherwise degrade task performance or 
safety.
    b. Control of SVS image display brightness must be sufficiently 
effective in dynamically changing background (ambient) lighting 
conditions to avoid pilot distraction, impairment of the pilot's 
ability to detect and identify visual references, masking of flight 
hazards, or to otherwise degrade task performance or safety. If 
automatic control for image brightness is not provided, it must be 
shown that a single, manual setting is satisfactory for the range of 
lighting conditions encountered during a time-critical, high-workload 
phase of flight (e.g., low-visibility instrument approach).
    c. A readily accessible control must be provided that permits the 
pilot to immediately deactivate and reactivate display of the SVS image 
on demand, without having to remove hands from the flight controls and 
throttles.
    d. The SVS image on the HUD must not impair the pilot's use of 
guidance information, or degrade the presentation and pilot awareness 
of essential flight information displayed on the HUD, such as alerts, 
airspeed, attitude, altitude and direction, approach guidance, 
windshear guidance, TCAS resolution advisories, or unusual-attitude 
recovery cues.
    e. The SVS image and the HUD symbols, which are spatially 
referenced to the pitch scale, outside view, and image, must be scaled 
and aligned (i.e., conformal) to the external scene. In addition, the 
SVS image and the HUD symbols--when considered singly or in 
combination--must not be misleading, cause pilot confusion, or increase 
workload. Airplane attitudes or cross-wind conditions may cause certain 
symbols (e.g., the zero-pitch line or flight-path vector) to reach 
field-of-view limits, such that they cannot be positioned conformally 
with the image and external scene. In such cases, these symbols may be 
displayed but with an altered appearance that makes the pilot aware 
that they are no longer displayed conformally (for example, 
``ghosting''). The combined use of symbology and runway image may not 
be used for path monitoring when path symbology is no longer conformal.
    f. A HUD system used to display SVS images must, if previously 
certified, continue to meet all of the requirements of the original 
approval.
    3. The safety and performance of the pilot tasks associated with 
the use of the pilot-compartment view must be not be degraded by the 
display of the SVS image. These tasks include the following:
    a. Detection, accurate identification and maneuvering, as 
necessary, to avoid traffic, terrain, obstacles, and other flight 
hazards.
    b. Accurate identification and utilization of visual references 
required for every task relevant to the phase of flight.
    4. Appropriate limitations must be stated in the Operating 
Limitations section of the Airplane Flight Manual to prohibit the use 
of the SVS for functions that have not been found to be acceptable.

    Issued in Renton, Washington, on May 20, 2011.
Ali Bahrami,
Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification 
Service.
[FR Doc. 2011-13341 Filed 5-27-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P