[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 90 (Tuesday, May 10, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 26996-27000]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-11278]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

49 CFR Parts 531 and 533

[Docket No. NHTSA-2011-0056]


Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for 
New Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 
Department of Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Notice of intent; request for scoping comments.

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SUMMARY: Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 
NHTSA plans to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to 
analyze the potential environmental impacts of the agency's Corporate 
Average Fuel Economy program for passenger automobiles (referred to 
herein as ``passenger cars'') and non-passenger automobiles (referred 
to herein as ``light trucks''). The EIS will consider the potential 
environmental impacts of new fuel economy standards for model years 
2017-2025 passenger cars and light trucks that NHTSA will be proposing 
pursuant to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.
    This notice initiates the NEPA scoping process by inviting comments 
from Federal, State, and local agencies, Indian tribes, and the public 
to help identify the environmental issues and reasonable alternatives 
to be examined in the EIS. This notice also provides guidance for 
participating in the scoping process and additional information about 
the alternatives NHTSA expects to consider in its NEPA analysis. In 
preparing this notice, NHTSA has shared the document with the Council 
on Environmental Quality (CEQ), the Environmental Protection Agency 
(EPA), and the Department of Energy (DOE).

DATES: The scoping process will culminate in the preparation and 
issuance of a Draft EIS, which will be made available for public 
comment. To ensure that NHTSA has an opportunity to fully consider 
scoping comments and to facilitate NHTSA's prompt preparation of the 
Draft EIS, scoping comments should be received on or before June 9, 
2011. NHTSA will try to consider comments received after that date to 
the extent the rulemaking schedule allows.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments to the docket number identified in 
the heading of this document by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting 
comments.
     Mail: Docket Management Facility, M-30, U.S. Department of 
Transportation, West Building, Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: U.S. Department of 
Transportation, West Building, Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Eastern 
time, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
     Fax: 202-493-2251.
    Regardless of how you submit your comments, you should mention the 
docket number of this document.
    You may call the Docket at 202-366-9324.
    Note that all comments received, including any personal information 
provided, will be posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical issues, contact Angel 
Jackson, Fuel Economy Division, Office of International Vehicle, Fuel 
Economy and Consumer Standards, telephone: 202-366-0154; for legal 
issues, contact Carrie Gage, Legislation & General Law Division, Office 
of the Chief Counsel, telephone: 202-366-1834, at the National Highway 
Traffic Safety

[[Page 26997]]

Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In a forthcoming notice of proposed 
rulemaking (NPRM), NHTSA intends to propose Corporate Average Fuel 
Economy (CAFE) standards for model years (MYs) 2017-2025 passenger cars 
and light trucks pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act 
(EPCA), as amended by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
(EISA).\1\ In connection with this action, NHTSA will prepare an 
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to analyze the potential 
environmental impacts of the proposed CAFE standards and reasonable 
alternative standards pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act 
(NEPA) and implementing regulations issued by the Council on 
Environmental Quality (CEQ) and NHTSA.\2\ NEPA instructs Federal 
agencies to consider the potential environmental impacts of their 
proposed actions and those of possible alternative actions. To inform 
decisionmakers and the public, the EIS will compare the potential 
environmental impacts of the agency's Preferred Alternative and a 
spectrum of alternatives, including a ``no action'' alternative. As 
required by NEPA, the EIS will consider direct, indirect, and 
cumulative impacts of the proposed action and alternatives and will 
discuss impacts in proportion to their significance.
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    \1\ EISA is Public Law 110-140, 121 Stat. 1492 (December 19, 
2007). Portions of EPCA related to fuel economy are codified at 49 
U.S.C. 32901 et seq.
    \2\ NEPA is codified at 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347. CEQ's NEPA 
implementing regulations are codified at 40 CFR Parts 1500-1508, and 
NHTSA's NEPA implementing regulations are codified at 49 CFR Part 
520.
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    Background. EPCA, as amended by EISA, sets forth extensive 
requirements concerning the establishment of CAFE standards. It 
requires the Secretary of Transportation \3\ to establish average fuel 
economy standards at least 18 months before the beginning of each model 
year and to set them at ``the maximum feasible average fuel economy 
level that the Secretary decides the manufacturers can achieve in that 
model year.'' \4\ When setting ``maximum feasible'' fuel economy 
standards, the Secretary is required to ``consider technological 
feasibility, economic practicability, the effect of other motor vehicle 
standards of the Government on fuel economy, and the need of the United 
States to conserve energy.'' \5\ NHTSA construes the statutory factors 
as including environmental and safety considerations.\6\
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    \3\ NHTSA is delegated responsibility for implementing the EPCA 
fuel economy requirements assigned to the Secretary of 
Transportation. 49 CFR 1.50, 501.2(a)(8).
    \4\ 49 U.S.C. 32902(a).
    \5\ 49 U.S.C. 32902(f).
    \6\ For environmental considerations, see Center for Auto Safety 
v. NHTSA, 793 F.2d 1322, 1325 n. 12 (DCCir. 1986); Public Citizen v. 
NHTSA, 848 F.2d 256, 262-3 n. 27 (DCCir. 1988) (noting that ``NHTSA 
itself has interpreted the factors it must consider in setting CAFE 
standards as including environmental effects''); Center for 
Biological Diversity v. NHTSA, 538 F.3d 1172, 1196 (9th Cir. 2008). 
For safety considerations, see, e.g., Competitive Enterprise Inst. 
v. NHTSA, 956 F.2d 321, 322 (DCCir. 1992) (citing Competitive 
Enterprise Inst. v. NHTSA, 901 F.2d 107, 120 n.11 (DCCir. 1990)).
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    As amended by EISA in December 2007, EPCA further directs the 
Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to 
establish average fuel economy standards separately for passenger cars 
and for light trucks manufactured in each model year beginning with MY 
2011. In doing so, the Secretary of Transportation is required to 
comply with special provisions relating to the standards for model 
years 2011-2030. The Secretary is required to ``prescribe annual fuel 
economy standard increases that increase the applicable average fuel 
economy standard ratably beginning with model year 2011 and ending with 
model year 2020,'' \7\ and those standards must ``achieve a combined 
fuel economy average for model year 2020 of at least 35 miles per 
gallon for the total fleet of passenger and non-passenger automobiles 
manufactured for sale in the United States for that model year.'' \8\ 
For MYs 2021-2030, the passenger car and light truck standards must 
simply be the ``maximum feasible'' average fuel economy standard for 
each of those fleets for each model year.\9\ Additionally, the 
standards for passenger cars and light trucks must be ``based on 1 or 
more vehicle attributes related to fuel economy'' and expressed ``in 
the form of a mathematical function,'' and may be established for not 
more than five model years.\10\ EISA also mandates a minimum standard 
for domestically manufactured passenger cars.\11\
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    \7\ 49 U.S.C. 32902(b)(2)(C).
    \8\ Id. Sec.  32902(b)(2)(A).
    \9\ Id. Sec. Sec.  32902(b)(2)(B), 32902(f).
    \10\ Id. Sec. Sec.  32902(b)(3)(A), 32902(b)(3)(B).
    \11\ Id. Sec.  32902(b)(4) (``each manufacturer shall also meet 
the minimum standard for domestically manufactured passenger 
automobiles, which shall be the greater of (A) 27.5 miles per 
gallon; or (B) 92 percent of the average fuel economy projected by 
the Secretary for the combined domestic and non-domestic passenger 
automobile fleets manufactured for sale in the United States by all 
manufacturers in the model year * * * .'').
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    On May 19, 2009, President Obama announced a new National Fuel 
Efficiency Policy for establishing consistent, harmonized, and 
streamlined requirements to improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse 
gas (GHG) emissions for all new passenger cars and light trucks sold in 
the United States.\12\ Pursuant to that announcement, NHTSA and EPA 
finalized the first-ever joint rulemaking to establish fuel economy 
standards and GHG standards for light duty vehicles on April 1, 2010. 
NHTSA established CAFE standards under EPCA/EISA and EPA established 
GHG emissions standards under the Clean Air Act.\13\ The CAFE standards 
covered MY 2012-2016 passenger cars and light trucks and were estimated 
to require a combined average fleet-wide fuel economy of 34.1 mpg by 
2016.\14\
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    \12\ President Obama Announces National Fuel Efficiency Policy, 
The White House, May 19, 2009. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Announces-National-Fuel-Efficiency-Policy/ (last visited Mar. 4, 2011).
    \13\ See 42 U.S.C. 7521(a).
    \14\ The EPA GHG standards were estimated to require a combined 
average fleet-wide level of 250 grams/mile CO2-equivalent 
for MY 2016, which is equivalent to 35.5 mpg if all of the 
technologies used to reduce GHG emissions are tailpipe 
CO2 reducing technologies. The 250 g/mi CO2 
equivalent level assumes the use of credits for air conditioning 
improvements worth 15 g/mi in MY 2016.
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    Following the first phase of the National Program, in a 
Presidential Memorandum issued May 21, 2010, President Obama requested 
that EPA and NHTSA build on the first joint rulemaking to continue a 
coordinated National Program to improve fuel efficiency and reduce 
greenhouse gas emissions of light-duty vehicles for MYs 2017-2025.\15\ 
The Memorandum stated that the National Program should seek to produce 
joint Federal standards that are harmonized with applicable State 
standards, achieve substantial annual progress in reducing 
transportation sector GHG emissions and fossil fuel consumption, and 
strengthen the industry and enhance job creation in the United States. 
As part of implementing this program, the President asked that the 
Administrators of EPA and NHTSA work with the State of California to 
develop a technical assessment to inform the rulemaking process.\16\ 
The President also requested that the two agencies issue a Notice of 
Intent to Issue a Proposed Rule that announces plans for setting 
stringent fuel economy and

[[Page 26998]]

greenhouse gas emissions standards for light-duty vehicles for MY 2017 
and beyond. On October 1, 2010, NHTSA and EPA jointly issued that 
notice concurrently with the Interim Joint Technical Assessment 
Report.\17\
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    \15\ See The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 
Presidential Memorandum Regarding Fuel Efficiency Standards (May 21, 
2010), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidential-memorandum-regarding-fuel-efficiency-standards (last 
visited Mar. 8, 2011).
    \16\ See Interim Joint Technical Assessment Report, available 
at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/rulemaking/pdf/cafe/2017+CAFE-GHG_Interim_TAR2.pdf (Sept. 2010)
    \17\ See 75 FR 62739 (Oct. 13, 2010).
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    In response to the President's call to provide greater certainty 
and incentives for long-term innovation by manufacturers, NHTSA is 
planning to set CAFE standards for MY 2017-2025 passenger cars and 
light-duty trucks, and NHTSA intends to do this in a joint rulemaking 
with EPA, in which EPA will set GHG standards for the same model years 
and vehicles. As noted above, however, NHTSA's statutory authority 
allows the agency to take final action prescribing CAFE standards in 
increments of no more than five model years.\18\ In order to address 
this statutory limitation, NHTSA is considering proposing standards for 
the MY 2017-2025 timeframe, with the express condition that the 
standards for MYs 2022-2025 would be subject to a mid-term technology 
assessment and review. NHTSA would adopt standards for MYs 2017-2025, 
but standards for MYs 2022-2025 would not become effective at the 
established level unless and until NHTSA affirmed in a later rulemaking 
that they were, based on information available at the time of the later 
rulemaking, the maximum feasible standards for those model years. This 
condition would appear in the regulations. Because these two NHTSA 
actions would be proposed together to increase the efficiency of the 
light-duty fleet, and because they would be part of a joint NHTSA/EPA 
rulemaking for a coordinated National Program covering MYs 2017-2025, 
NHTSA plans to address the potential environmental impacts of the 
proposed alternatives for the full MY 2017-2025 period in a single EIS, 
notwithstanding the provision for a mid-term technology assessment and 
review.\19\ NHTSA specifically seeks comment on the agency's proposed 
approach of analyzing the action for the MY 2017-2025 period in a 
single EIS.
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    \18\ 49 U.S.C. 32902(b)(3)(B).
    \19\ See 40 CFR 1508.18(b)(3) (including as federal actions 
under NEPA ``[a]doption of programs, such as a group of concerted 
actions to implement a specific policy or plan; systematic and 
connected agency decisions allocating agency resources to implement 
a specific statutory program or executive directive.'').
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    As required by statute, NHTSA's upcoming NPRM will propose separate 
attribute-based standards for MY 2017-2025 passenger cars and for MY 
2017-2025 light trucks.\20\ As in the last CAFE rulemaking, NHTSA plans 
to propose vehicle footprint as the attribute. Each individual vehicle 
model would have a specific fuel economy target based on the fuel 
economy capability of those motor vehicles having the same footprint as 
that vehicle model.\21\ Fuel economy targets would reflect, in part, 
NHTSA's analysis of the technological and economic capabilities of the 
industry within the rulemaking timeframe. A manufacturer's CAFE 
standard, in turn, would be based on the target levels set for its 
particular mix of vehicles in that model year. Compliance would be 
determined by comparing a manufacturer's harmonically averaged fleet 
fuel economy levels in a model year with a required fuel economy level 
calculated using the manufacturer's actual production levels and the 
targets for each vehicle it produces.\22\
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    \20\ See 49 U.S.C. 32902(b)(3)(A).
    \21\ Vehicle models made by different manufacturers would have 
the same fuel economy target if they had the same quantity of the 
attribute upon which the standards are based.
    \22\ While manufacturers may use a variety of flexibility 
mechanisms to comply with CAFE, including credits earned for over-
compliance and production of flexible-fuel vehicles, NHTSA is 
statutorily prohibited from considering manufacturers' ability to 
use flexibility mechanisms in determining what level of CAFE 
standards would be maximum feasible. See 49 U.S.C. 32902(h).
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    Under NEPA, the purpose of and need for an agency's action inform 
the range of reasonable alternatives to be considered in its NEPA 
analysis.\23\ In developing alternatives for analysis in the EIS, NHTSA 
must consider EPCA's requirements for setting CAFE standards. As 
discussed above, EPCA requires the agency to determine what level of 
CAFE stringency would be the ``maximum feasible'' for each model year, 
a determination the agency makes based on the consideration of four 
statutory factors: technological feasibility, economic practicability, 
the effect of other standards of the Government on fuel economy, and 
the need of the United States to conserve energy.\24\
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    \23\ 40 CFR 1502.13.
    \24\ See 49 U.S.C. 32902(f).
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    The alternatives that NHTSA plans to consider are:
     A ``no action'' alternative, which assumes, for purposes 
of NEPA analysis, that NHTSA would not issue a rule regarding CAFE 
standards.\25\ NEPA requires agencies to consider a ``no action'' 
alternative in their NEPA analyses and to compare the effects of not 
taking action with the effects of the reasonable action alternatives in 
order to demonstrate the different environmental effects of the action 
alternatives. The recent EISA amendments to EPCA direct NHTSA to set 
new CAFE standards and do not permit the agency to take no action on 
fuel economy.\26\ This ``No Action Alternative'' is also referred to as 
the ``baseline.''
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    \25\ See 40 CFR 1502.14(d).
    \26\ CEQ has explained that ``[T]he regulations require the 
analysis of the no action alternative even if the agency is under a 
court order or legislative command to act. This analysis provides a 
benchmark, enabling decisionmakers to compare the magnitude of 
environmental effects of the action alternatives. . . . Inclusion of 
such an analysis in the EIS is necessary to inform the Congress, the 
public, and the President as intended by NEPA. [See 40 CFR 
1500.1(a).]'' Forty Most Asked Questions Concerning CEQ's National 
Environmental Policy Act Regulations, 46 FR 18026 (1981) (emphasis 
added).
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     Alternatives calculated at the upper point and at the 
lower point of the range between 2% and 7%, representing annual fuel 
economy stringency increases from the MY 2016 standards, from 2017 
through 2025. The calculations and the related evaluation of impacts 
would be performed separately for passenger cars and light trucks at 
each of these points so as to demonstrate their effects independently, 
since car and truck standards could increase at different rates from 
one another and at different rates in different years. These 
alternatives would bracket the range of actions the agency may select.
     The Preferred Alternative, reflecting annual stringency 
increases for both passenger cars and light trucks that fall at levels 
between the upper and lower bounds identified above. NHTSA has not yet 
identified its Preferred Alternative.
    Thus, NHTSA plans to analyze the impacts of eight different 
standards for the DEIS: Two points bracketing the possible action 
alternatives for cars (2% per year and 7% per year) and two points 
bracketing the possible alternatives for trucks (2% per year and 7% per 
year), as well as a No Action Alternative and Preferred Alternative for 
cars and a No Action Alternative and Preferred Alternative for trucks.
    NHTSA has tentatively concluded that this range of annual 
percentage increases would satisfy EPCA's requirement that the 
standards be ``maximum feasible'' for each model year, based on the 
different ways NHTSA could weigh EPCA's four statutory factors. For 
example, the most stringent average annual increase NHTSA is 
considering for both passenger cars and light trucks (7%) weighs energy 
conservation and climate change considerations more heavily and 
technological feasibility and economic practicability less heavily. In 
contrast, the least stringent annual increase

[[Page 26999]]

NHTSA is considering (2%) places more weight on technological 
feasibility and economic practicability.
    This range reflects differences in the degree of technology 
adoption across the fleet, in costs to manufacturers and consumers, and 
in conservation of oil and related reductions in greenhouse gases. For 
example, the most stringent average annual increase NHTSA is evaluating 
would require greater adoption of technology across the fleet, 
including more advanced technology, than the least stringent annual 
increase NHTSA is evaluating. As a result, the most stringent annual 
increase would impose greater costs and achieve greater energy 
conservation and related reductions in greenhouse gases.
    This range of stringencies, along with the analysis for the 
Preferred Alternative, would provide a broad range of information for 
NHTSA to use in evaluating and weighing the statutory factors of 
technological feasibility, economic practicability, and energy 
conservation. It would allow for consideration of differences and 
uncertainties in the way in which key economic inputs (e.g., the price 
of fuel and the social cost of carbon) and technological inputs are 
estimated or valued.
    The agency may select one of the above-identified levels of average 
increase for passenger cars and one for light trucks as its Preferred 
Alternative or it may select a level of stringency that falls between 
those extremes. The percentage increases in stringency are ``average'' 
increases and may either be constant throughout the period or may vary 
from year to year, but the average yearly increase over that period 
will equal the percentage increase selected.
    Within the range identified above, NHTSA may consider setting more 
stringent standards for the earlier years of the rule than for the 
later years, or, alternatively, setting less stringent standards for 
the earlier years of the rule than for the later years, depending on 
our assessment of what would be ``maximum feasible'' for those time 
periods for each fleet. In addition, NHTSA may consider setting 
standards for passenger cars and light trucks that increase at 
different rates between the high and low levels the agency is 
considering, depending on the agency's determination of the maximum 
feasible level for each fleet over time.
    Planned Analysis: While the main focus of NHTSA's prior CAFE EIS 
for light duty vehicles (i.e., the EIS for MYs 2012-2016) was the 
quantification of impacts to energy, air quality, and climate, and 
qualitative analysis of cumulative impacts resulting from climate 
change, it also addressed other potentially affected resources. NHTSA 
conducted a qualitative review of impacts of the alternatives on other 
potentially affected resources, such as water resources, biological 
resources, land use, hazardous materials, safety, noise, historic and 
cultural resources, and environmental justice.
    Similar to past EIS practice, NHTSA plans to analyze environmental 
impacts related to fuel and energy use, emissions including GHGs and 
their effects on temperature and climate change, air quality, natural 
resources, and the human environment. NHTSA also will consider the 
cumulative impacts of the proposed standards for MY 2017-2025 
automobiles together with any past, present, and reasonably foreseeable 
future actions.
    NHTSA anticipates uncertainty in estimating the potential 
environmental impacts related to climate change. To account for this 
uncertainty, NHTSA plans to evaluate a range of potential global 
temperature changes that may result from changes in fuel and energy 
consumption and GHG emissions attributable to new CAFE standards. It is 
difficult to quantify how the specific impacts due to the potential 
temperature changes attributable to new CAFE standards may affect many 
aspects of the environment. NHTSA will endeavor to gather the key 
relevant and credible information.
    NHTSA intends to rely upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 
Change (IPCC) 2007 Fourth Assessment Report and subsequent updates, 
Reports of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) and the 
current U.S. Global Change Research Program (U.S. GCRP), National 
Academies and National Research Council assessments of climate impacts, 
and the EPA Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for 
Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act and the 
accompanying Technical Support Document (referred to collectively 
hereinafter as the EPA Endangerment Finding), as sources for recent 
``summar[ies] of existing credible scientific evidence which is 
relevant to evaluating the reasonably foreseeable significant adverse 
impacts on the human environment.'' \27\ NHTSA believes that the IPCC 
Fourth Assessment Report, the CCSP and U.S. GCRP Reports, the National 
Academies and National Research Council assessments, and the EPA 
Endangerment Finding are the most recent, most comprehensive summaries 
available, but recognizes that subsequent research may provide 
additional relevant and credible evidence not accounted for in these 
Reports. NHTSA may consider such subsequent information as well, to the 
extent that it provides relevant and credible evidence.
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    \27\ 40 CFR 1502.22(b)(3); see 40 CFR 1502.21. IPCC reports are 
available at http://www.ipcc.ch/ (last visited Mar. 8, 2011).
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    NHTSA expects to rely on previously published EISs, incorporating 
material by reference ``when the effect will be to cut down on bulk 
without impeding agency and public review of the action.'' \28\ 
Therefore, the NHTSA NEPA analysis and documentation will incorporate 
by reference relevant materials, including portions of the agency's 
prior NEPA documents, where appropriate.
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    \28\ 40 CFR 1502.21.
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    Scoping and Public Participation: NHTSA's NEPA analysis for the MY 
2017-2025 CAFE standards will consider the direct, indirect and 
cumulative environmental impacts of proposed standards and those of 
reasonable alternatives. The scoping process initiated by this notice 
seeks public comment on the range of alternatives under consideration, 
on the impacts to be considered, and on the most important issues for 
in-depth analysis in the EIS.\29\
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    \29\ See 40 CFR 1500.5(d), 1501.7, 1508.25.
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    NHTSA invites the public to participate in the scoping process\30\ 
by submitting written comments concerning the appropriate scope of the 
NEPA analysis for the proposed CAFE standards to the docket number 
identified in the heading of this notice, using any of the methods 
described in the ADDRESSES section of this notice. NHTSA does not plan 
to hold a public scoping meeting, because written comments will be 
effective in identifying and narrowing the issues for analysis.
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    \30\ Consistent with NEPA and implementing regulations, NHTSA is 
sending this notice directly to: (1) Federal agencies having 
jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to the 
environmental impacts involved or authorized to develop and enforce 
environmental standards; (2) the Governors of every State, to share 
with the appropriate agencies and offices within their 
administrations and with the local jurisdictions within their 
States; (3) organizations representing state and local governments 
and Indian tribes; and (4) other stakeholders that NHTSA reasonably 
expects to be interested in the NEPA analysis for the MYs 2017-2025 
CAFE standards. See 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C); 49 CFR 520.21(g); 40 CFR 
1501.7, 1506.6.
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    All comments to the relevant scoping process are welcome. NHTSA is 
especially interested in comments concerning the evaluation of climate 
change impacts. In particular, NHTSA requests:

[[Page 27000]]

     Peer-reviewed scientific studies that have been issued 
since the EPA Endangerment Finding and that address or may inform: (a) 
The impacts of CO2 and other GHG emissions that may be 
associated with any of the alternatives under consideration; (b) the 
impacts on climate change that may be associated with these emission 
changes; or (c) the time periods over which such impacts may occur. 
NHTSA is particularly interested in peer reviewed studies analyzing the 
potential impacts of climate change within the United States or in 
particular geographic areas of the United States.
     Comments on how NHTSA should estimate the potential 
changes in temperature that may result from the changes in 
CO2 emissions projected from setting MY 2017-2025 CAFE 
standards, and comments on how NHTSA should estimate the potential 
impacts of temperature changes on the environment.
     Comments on how NHTSA should discuss or estimate any 
localized or regional impacts of potential increased penetration of 
alternative fuel vehicles, including upstream emissions and impacts 
regarding waste and disposal of advanced batteries.\31\
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    \31\ In determining maximum feasibility, NHTSA may not consider 
the fuel economy of ``dedicated vehicles,'' including vehicles that 
operate only on natural gas, hydrogen, and electricity. 49 U.S.C. 
32901(a); 49 U.S.C. 32902(h). NHTSA, however, recognizes that 
potential future increases in alternative fuel vehicle penetration 
could cause environmental impacts relevant to this EIS.
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     Comments on what timeframe NHTSA should use to evaluate 
the environmental impacts that may result from setting MY 2017-2025 
CAFE standards.
    NHTSA is also interested in comments on how the agency is planning 
to structure the proposed alternatives. Subject to the statutory 
constraints of EPCA/EISA, a variety of potential alternatives could be 
considered within the purpose and need for the proposed rulemaking, 
each falling along a theoretically infinite continuum of potential 
standards. As described above, NHTSA plans to address this issue by 
identifying alternatives at the upper and lower bounds of a range 
within which we believe the statutory requirement for ``maximum 
feasible'' would be satisfied, as well as identifying and analyzing the 
impacts of a preferred alternative. In this way, NHTSA expects to 
bracket the potential environmental impacts of the standards it may 
select.\32\
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    \32\ Should NHTSA ultimately choose to set standards at levels 
other than the Preferred Alternative, we believe that this 
bracketing will properly inform the decisionmaker, so long as the 
standards are set within its parameters.
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    NHTSA seeks comments on what criteria should be used to choose the 
Preferred Alternative, given the agency's statutory requirement of 
setting ``maximum feasible'' fuel economy standards that increase 
ratably.\33\ When suggesting an approach, please explain how it would 
satisfy EPCA's factors (technological feasibility, economic 
practicability, the effect of other motor vehicle standards of the 
Government on fuel economy, and the need of the United States to 
conserve energy).\34\
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    \33\ See 49 U.S.C. 32902(f).
    \34\ Note that NHTSA is statutorily prohibited from considering 
flexibility mechanisms in determining what standards would be 
maximum feasible. In determining maximum feasibility, NHTSA also 
must consider dual fueled vehicles to be operated only on gasoline 
or diesel fuel and, as noted above, may not consider the fuel 
economy of ``dedicated vehicles,'' including vehicles that operate 
only on natural gas, hydrogen, and electricity. 49 U.S.C. 32901(a); 
49 U.S.C. 32902(h).
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    Two important purposes of scoping are identifying the significant 
issues that merit in-depth analysis in the EIS and identifying and 
eliminating from detailed analysis the issues that are not significant 
and therefore require only a brief discussion in the EIS.\35\ In light 
of these purposes, written comments should include an Internet citation 
(with a date last visited) to each study or report you cite in your 
comments if one is available. If a document you cite is not available 
to the public online, you should attach a copy to your comments. Your 
comments should indicate how each document you cite or attach to your 
comments is relevant to the NEPA analysis and indicate the specific 
pages and passages in the attachment that are most informative.
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    \35\ 40 CFR 1500.4(g), 1501.7(a).
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    The more specific your comments are, and the more support you can 
provide by directing the agency to peer-reviewed scientific studies and 
reports as requested above, the more useful your comments will be to 
the agency. For example, if you identify an additional area of impact 
or environmental concern you believe NHTSA should analyze, or an 
analytical tool or model you believe NHTSA should use to evaluate these 
environmental impacts, you should clearly describe it and support your 
comments with a reference to a specific peer-reviewed scientific study, 
report, tool or model. Specific, well-supported comments will help the 
agency prepare an EIS that is focused and relevant and will serve 
NEPA's overarching aims of making high quality information available to 
decisionmakers and the public by ``concentrat[ing] on the issues that 
are truly significant to the action in question, rather than amassing 
needless detail.'' \36\ By contrast, mere assertions that the agency 
should evaluate broad lists or categories of concerns, without support, 
will not assist the scoping process for the proposed standards.
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    \36\ 40 CFR 1500.1(b).
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    Please be sure to reference the docket number identified in the 
heading of this notice in your comments. NHTSA intends to provide 
notice to interested parties by e-mail. Thus, please also provide an e-
mail address (or a mailing address if you decline e-mail 
communications).\37\ These steps will help NHTSA manage a large volume 
of material during the NEPA process. All comments and materials 
received, including the names and addresses of the commenters who 
submit them, will become part of the administrative record and will be 
posted on the Web at http://www.regulations.gov.
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    \37\ If you prefer to receive NHTSA's NEPA correspondence by 
U.S. mail, NHTSA plans to provide its NEPA publications via CD.
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    Based on comments received during scoping, NHTSA expects to prepare 
a draft EIS for public comment by September 2011 and a final EIS by 
June 2012.\38\ The agency expects to issue a final rule in July 2012.
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    \38\ 40 CFR 1506.10.
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    Separate Federal Register notices will announce the availability of 
the draft EIS, which will be available for public comment, and the 
final EIS, which will be available for public inspection. NHTSA also 
plans to continue to post information about the NEPA process and this 
CAFE rulemaking on its Web site (http://www.nhtsa.gov).

    Issued: May 4, 2011.
Christopher J. Bonanti,
Associate Administrator for Rulemaking.
[FR Doc. 2011-11278 Filed 5-9-11; 8:45 am]
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