[Federal Register Volume 75, Number 113 (Monday, June 14, 2010)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 33565-33570]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2010-14167]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

49 CFR Part 535

[Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0079]


Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for 
New Medium- and Heavy-Duty Fuel Efficiency Improvement Program

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 
Department of Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Notice of intent; request for scoping comments.

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SUMMARY: Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 
NHTSA plans to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to 
analyze the potential environmental impacts of the agency's new fuel 
efficiency improvement program for commercial medium- and heavy-duty 
on-highway vehicles and work trucks (referred to hereinafter as MD/HD 
vehicles). The EIS will consider the potential environmental impacts of 
new standards starting with model year (MY) 2016 MD/HD vehicles, and 
voluntary compliance standards for MY 2014-2015 MD/HD vehicles, that 
NHTSA will be proposing pursuant to the Energy Independence and 
Security Act of 2007.
    This notice initiates the NEPA scoping process by inviting comments 
from Federal, State, and local agencies, Indian tribes, and the public 
to help identify the environmental issues and reasonable alternatives 
to be examined in the EIS. This notice also provides guidance for 
participating in the scoping process and additional information about 
the alternatives NHTSA expects to consider in its NEPA analysis.

DATES: The scoping process will culminate in the preparation and 
issuance of a Draft EIS, which will be made available for public 
comment. To ensure that NHTSA has an opportunity to fully consider 
scoping comments and to facilitate NHTSA's prompt preparation of the 
Draft EIS, scoping comments should be received on or before July 14, 
2010. NHTSA will try to consider comments received after that date to 
the extent the rulemaking schedule allows.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments to the docket number identified in 
the heading of this document by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting 
comments by clicking on ``Help'' or ``FAQs.''
     Mail: Docket Management Facility, M-30, U.S. Department of 
Transportation, West Building, Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: U.S. Department of 
Transportation, West Building, Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Eastern 
time, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
     Fax: 202-493-2251.
    Regardless of how you submit your comments, you should mention the 
docket number of this document.
    You may call the Docket at 202-366-9826.
    Note that all comments received, including any personal information 
provided, will be posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical issues, contact Angel 
Jackson, Fuel Economy Division, Office of International Policy, Fuel 
Economy and Consumer Standards, National Highway Traffic Safety 
Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. 
Telephone: 202-366-5206. For legal issues, contact Carrie Gage, 
Legislation & General Law Division, Office of the Chief Counsel, 
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, 
SE., Washington, DC 20590. Telephone: 202-366-1834.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In a forthcoming notice of proposed 
rulemaking (NPRM), NHTSA intends to propose fuel efficiency standards 
starting with model year (MY) 2016 commercial medium- and heavy-duty 
on-highway vehicles and work trucks (hereinafter referred to 
collectively as MD/HD vehicles), and voluntary compliance standards for 
MYs 2014-2015 MD/HD vehicles, pursuant to the Energy Independence and 
Security Act of 2007 (EISA).\1\ In connection with this action, NHTSA 
intends to prepare an EIS to analyze the potential environmental 
impacts of the proposed MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency standards and 
reasonable alternative standards pursuant to the NEPA and implementing 
regulations issued by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and 
NHTSA.\2\ NEPA instructs Federal agencies to consider the potential 
environmental impacts of their proposed actions and possible 
alternatives in their decisionmaking. To inform decisionmakers and the 
public, the EIS will compare the potential environmental impacts of the 
agency's preferred alternative and reasonable alternatives, including a 
``no action'' alternative. As required by NEPA, the EIS will consider 
direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts and discuss impacts in 
proportion to their significance.
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    \1\ Public Law No. 110-140, 121 Stat. 1492 (Dec. 19, 2007) 
(codified at 49 U.S.C. 32901 et seq.).
    \2\ NEPA is codified at 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347. CEQ's NEPA 
implementing regulations are codified at 40 CFR 1500-1508, and 
NHTSA's NEPA implementing regulations are codified at 49 CFR part 
520.
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    Background. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA) 
mandated that NHTSA establish and implement a regulatory program for 
motor vehicle fuel economy to meet the various facets of the need to 
conserve energy. As codified in Chapter 329 of Title 49 of the U.S. 
Code, and as amended by EISA, EPCA sets forth extensive requirements 
concerning the establishment of fuel economy standards for passenger 
automobiles (hereinafter referred to as ``passenger cars'') and non-
passenger automobiles (hereinafter referred to as ``light trucks''). 
Pursuant to this statutory authority, NHTSA sets Corporate Average Fuel 
Economy (CAFE) standards for

[[Page 33566]]

passenger cars and light trucks.\3\ NHTSA considers the environmental 
NEPA analysis when setting CAFE standards.
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    \3\ See Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards and 
Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards, Final Rule, 75 FR 25324 
(May 7, 2010).
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    In December 2007, EISA provided DOT (and by delegation, NHTSA)\4\ 
new authority to implement, via rulemaking and regulations, ``a 
commercial medium- and heavy-duty on-highway vehicle \5\ and work truck 
\6\ fuel efficiency improvement program.'' \7\ This provision also 
directs NHTSA to ``adopt and implement appropriate test methods, 
measurement metrics, fuel economy standards, and compliance and 
enforcement protocols that are appropriate, cost-effective, and 
technologically feasible for commercial medium- and heavy-duty on-
highway vehicles and work trucks.'' \8\ This new authority permits 
NHTSA to set ``separate standards for different classes of vehicles.'' 
\9\
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    \4\ The Secretary delegated responsibility for implementing EPCA 
fuel economy requirements to NHTSA. 49 CFR 1.50, 501.2(a)(8).
    \5\ EISA added the following definition to the automobile fuel 
economy chapter of the United States Code: ``commercial medium- and 
heavy-duty on-highway vehicle'' means an on-highway vehicle with a 
gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or more. 49 U.S.C. 
32901(a)(7).
    \6\ EISA added the following definition to the automobile fuel 
economy chapter of the United States Code: ``work truck'' means a 
vehicle that--(A) is rated at between 8,500 and 10,000 pounds gross 
vehicle weight; and (B) is not a medium-duty passenger vehicle (as 
defined in section 86.1803-01 of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations, as in effect on the date of the enactment of [EISA]). 
49 U.S.C. 32901(a)(19).
    \7\ 49 U.S.C. 32902(k)(2).
    \8\ Id.
    \9\ Id. For background on the MD/HD vehicle segment, and fuel 
efficiency improvement technologies available for these vehicles, 
see the report recently issued by the National Academy of Sciences. 
Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Committee 
to Assess Fuel Economy Technologies for Medium- and Heavy-Duty 
Vehicles, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel 
Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles (March 2010), pre-
publication copy available at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12845 (last accessed May 19, 2010) 
(hereinafter ``MD/HD NAS Report'').
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    EISA also provides for lead time and regulatory stability. The new 
MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency improvement program NHTSA adopts pursuant 
to EISA must provide not less than 4 full years of regulatory lead-time 
and 3 full model years of regulatory stability.\10\ Consistent with 
these requirements, we tentatively plan to propose mandatory standards 
to begin no sooner than MY 2016, and to remain stable for 3 years. 
Although EISA prevents NHTSA from enacting mandatory standards before 
MY 2016, NHTSA intends to propose an optional voluntary compliance 
standard for MYs 2014-2015 prior to mandatory regulation in MY 2016.
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    \10\ 49 U.S.C. 32902(k)(3).
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    EISA further directs that NHTSA's MD/HD rulemaking must be 
conducted in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency 
(EPA) and the Department of Energy.\11\
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    \11\ 49 U.S.C. Sec.  32902(k)(2).
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    On May 21, 2010, the President issued a memorandum to the Secretary 
of Transportation, the Administrator of NHTSA, the Administrator of the 
EPA, and the Secretary of Energy, that calls for coordinated regulation 
of the medium- and heavy-duty vehicle market segment under EISA and 
under the Clean Air Act.\12\ NHTSA's forthcoming proposal and EIS will 
be consistent with this directive.\13\
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    \12\ See The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 
Presidential Memorandum Regarding Fuel Efficiency Standards (May 21, 
2010), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidential-memorandum-regarding-fuel-efficiency-standards (last 
accessed May 24, 2010); see also The White House, Office of the 
Press Secretary, President Obama Directs Administration to Create 
First-Ever National Efficiency and Emissions Standards for Medium- 
and Heavy-Duty Trucks (May 21, 2010), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-directs-administration-create-first-ever-national-efficiency-and-em (last 
accessed May 24, 2010).
    \13\ See http://www.nhtsa.gov/fuel-economy (last accessed June 
4, 2010); see also http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations/420f10038.htm (last accessed June 4, 2010).
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    This Notice of Intent initiates the scoping process for the EIS 
under NEPA, 42 U.S.C. Sec. Sec.  4321-4347, and implementing 
regulations issued by CEQ, 40 CFR Pt. 1500-1508, and NHTSA, 49 CFR Pt. 
520. See 40 CFR 1501.7, 1508.22; 49 CFR 520.21(g). Specifically, this 
Notice of Intent requests public input on the scope of NHTSA's NEPA 
analysis and the significant issues relating to the fuel efficiency 
standards for MD/HD vehicles beginning in MY 2016, and the optional 
voluntary compliance standards for MYs 2014-2015. As part of the NEPA 
scoping process, this notice briefly describes the alternatives NHTSA 
is currently considering for the MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency 
improvement program.
    The Alternatives: NHTSA's upcoming NPRM will propose standards for 
MD/HD vehicles beginning in MY 2016, and voluntary compliance standards 
for MYs 2014-2015 MD/HD vehicles. This notice briefly describes a 
variety of possible alternatives that are currently under consideration 
by the agency, and seeks input from the public about these alternatives 
and about whether other alternatives should be considered as we proceed 
with the rulemaking and the EIS.
    The medium- and heavy-duty truck segment is very complex. The 
sector consists of many stakeholders, including engine manufacturers, 
truck manufacturers, trailer manufacturers, and truck fleet owners. 
Unlike the light-duty sector, there is a very large number of heavy-
duty truck manufacturers which vary in size and level of build process 
integration. Some trucks are assembled by a body builder using 
components from an engine manufacturer, powertrain manufacturer, 
component suppliers, and chassis builder. Each of these stakeholders 
has an impact on the fuel efficiency of the truck. NHTSA is therefore 
developing alternatives which recognize the complex industry structure 
and provide increasing coverage of the opportunities for fuel 
consumption reduction.
    In developing alternatives, NHTSA must consider EISA's requirement 
for the MD/HD fuel efficiency program noted above. 49 U.S.C. 
32902(k)(2) and (3) contain the following three requirements specific 
to the MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency improvement program: (1) The 
program must be ``designed to achieve the maximum feasible 
improvement''; (2) the various required aspects of the program must be 
appropriate, cost-effective, and technologically feasible for MD/HD 
vehicles; and (3) the standards adopted under the program must provide 
not less than four model years of lead time and three model years of 
regulatory stability. In considering these various requirements, NHTSA 
will also account for relevant environmental and safety considerations.
    The alternatives that NHTSA currently has under consideration, in 
order of increasing fuel efficiency improvement, or fuel use 
reductions, are:
    (1) Alternative 1: No Action. A ``no action'' alternative assumes 
that NHTSA would not issue a rule regarding a MD/HD fuel efficiency 
improvement program, and is considered to comply with NEPA and to 
provide an analytical baseline against which to compare environmental 
impacts of the other regulatory alternatives.\14\ NEPA requires 
agencies to consider a ``no action'' alternative in their NEPA analyses 
and to compare the effects of not taking action with the effects of the 
reasonable action alternatives to demonstrate the different 
environmental effects of the action alternatives.\15\ NHTSA refers to

[[Page 33567]]

this as the ``No Action Alternative'' or as a ``no increase'' or 
``baseline'' alternative.
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    \14\ See 40 CFR 1502.2(e), 1502.14(d).
    \15\ CEQ has explained that ``[T]he regulations require the 
analysis of the no action alternative even if the agency is under a 
court order or legislative command to act. This analysis provides a 
benchmark, enabling decision makers to compare the magnitude of 
environmental effects of the action alternatives. It is also an 
example of a reasonable alternative outside the jurisdiction of the 
agency which must be analyzed. [See 40 CFR 1502.14(c).] * * * 
Inclusion of such an analysis in the EIS is necessary to inform 
Congress, the public, and the President as intended by NEPA. [See 40 
CFR 1500.1(a).]'' Forty Most Asked Questions Concerning CEQ's 
National Environmental Policy Act Regulations, 46 FR 18026 (1981) 
(emphasis added).
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    NHTSA is also proposing to consider four action alternatives, each 
of which would regulate the MD/HD vehicle fleet in a different way. 
These action alternatives would each cause the average fuel efficiency 
for the industry-wide MD/HD vehicle fleet to increase, on average, 
during the rulemaking period. The alternatives below represent the 
different regulatory approaches the agency is considering, in order of 
increasing fuel savings:
    (2) Alternative 2: Engine Only. The EPA currently regulates heavy-
duty engines, i.e., engine manufacturers, rather than the vehicle as a 
whole, in order to control criteria emissions.\16\ Under Alternative 2, 
NHTSA would similarly set engine performance standards for each vehicle 
class, Class 2b through Class 8, and would specify an engine cell test 
procedure, as EPA currently does for criteria pollutants. MD/HD vehicle 
engine manufacturers would be responsible for ensuring that each engine 
could meet the applicable vehicle class engine performance standard 
when tested in accordance with the specified engine cell test 
procedure. Engine manufacturers could improve MD/HD vehicle engines by 
applying the combinations of fuel efficiency improvement technologies 
to the engine that they deem best achieve that result.
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    \16\ There are several reasons for this approach. In many cases 
the engine and chassis are produced by different manufacturers and 
it is more efficient to hold a single entity responsible. Also, 
testing an engine cell is more accurate and repeatable than testing 
a whole vehicle.
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    (3) Alternative 3: Class 8 Combination Tractors. Combination 
tractors \17\ consume the largest fraction of fuel within the medium- 
and heavy-duty truck segment.\18\ Tractors also offer significant 
potential for fuel savings due to the high annual mileage and high 
vehicle speed of typical trucks within this segment, as compared to 
annual mileage and average speeds/duty cycles of other vehicle classes. 
This alternative would set performance standards for both the engine of 
Class 8 vehicles and the overall vehicle efficiency performance for the 
Class 8 combination tractor segment. Under Alternative 3, NHTSA would 
set an engine performance standard, as discussed under Alternative 2, 
for Class 8 vehicles. In addition, Class 8 combination tractor 
manufacturers would be required to meet an overall vehicle performance 
standard by making various non-engine fuel saving technology 
improvements. These non-engine fuel efficiency improvements could be 
accomplished, for example, by a combination of improvements to 
aerodynamics, lowering tire rolling resistance, decreasing vehicle mass 
(weight), reducing fuel use at idle, or by adding intelligent vehicle 
technologies.\19\ Compliance with the overall vehicle standard could be 
determined using a computer model that would simulate overall vehicle 
fuel efficiency given a set of vehicle component inputs. Using this 
compliance approach, the Class 8 vehicle manufacturer would supply 
certain vehicle characteristics (relating to the categories of 
technologies noted immediately above) that would serve as model inputs. 
The agency would supply a standard Class 8 vehicle engine's 
contribution to overall vehicle efficiency, making the engine component 
a constant for purposes of compliance with the overall vehicle 
performance standard, such that compliance with the overall vehicle 
standard could only be achieved via efficiency improvements to non-
engine vehicle components. Thus, vehicle manufacturers could make any 
combination of improvements of the non-engine technologies that they 
believe would best achieve the Class 8 overall vehicle performance 
standard.
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    \17\ Class 8 combination trucks have a tractor and one or more 
trailers and a gross combined weight, i.e., a maximum weight rating, 
of up to 80,000 pounds, with higher weights allowed in specific 
circumstances. MD/HD NAS Report, supra note 9, at 1-7.
    \18\ Id. at 8-2.
    \19\ See the MD/HD NAS Report for discussions of the potential 
fuel efficiency improvement technologies that can be applied to each 
of these vehicle components. MD/HD NAS Report, supra note 9, Chapter 
5.
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    (4) Alternative 4: Engines, Tractors, and Class 2b through 8 
Trucks. This alternative would set engine fuel efficiency performance 
standards and overall vehicle fuel efficiency performance standards for 
Class 2b and 3 work trucks and Class 3 through Class 8 vocational 
trucks. This alternative essentially sets fuel efficiency performance 
standards for both the engines and the overall vehicles in the entire 
medium- and heavy-duty truck sector. Compliance with each vehicle 
class's engine performance standard would be determined as discussed in 
the description of Alternative 2. Compliance with the tractor and 
vocational truck classes' overall vehicle performance standard (Class 3 
through 8 trucks) would be determined as discussed in the description 
of Alternative 3. Compliance for the Class 2b and 3 work trucks would 
be determined through a fleet averaging process similar to determining 
passenger car and light truck compliance with CAFE standards.
    (5) Alternative 5: Engines, Tractors, Trucks, and Trailers. This 
alternative adds a performance standard for fuel efficiency of 
commercial trailers to the fuel efficiency performance standards for 
Class 2b and 3 work truck and Class 3 through Class 8 vocational truck 
engines and the performance standard for the overall fuel efficiency of 
those vehicles, as described above.
    Each of the alternatives proposed by NHTSA represents, in part, a 
different way NHTSA could establish a MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency 
improvement program pursuant to EISA, considering each of the 
requirements above and NEPA's policies. The agency may select one of 
the above-identified alternatives as its Preferred Alternative or it 
may structure a MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency improvement program in 
such a way that average fuel efficiency, or fuel savings, falls between 
the levels reflected in the alternatives proposed in this Scoping 
Notice. For example, as noted above, EISA requires that NHTSA provide a 
four-year regulatory lead-time to manufacturers. For each of the action 
alternatives, NHTSA will consider a voluntary early compliance program, 
which would provide for an early start date with a two year lead-time. 
This version of each alternative would allow the program to achieve 
greater and earlier reductions in fuel consumption than a rule with a 
four year lead-time.
    Under NEPA, the purpose of and need for an agency's action inform 
the range of reasonable alternatives to be considered in its NEPA 
analysis.\20\ The above alternatives represent a broad range of 
approaches under consideration for setting proposed MD/HD vehicle fuel 
efficiency standards and whose environmental impacts we propose to 
evaluate under NEPA.
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    \20\ 40 CFR 1502.13.
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    As detailed below, NHTSA invites comments to ensure that the agency 
considers a full range of reasonable alternatives in establishing a MD/
HD vehicle fuel efficiency improvement program and that the agency 
identifies the environmental impacts and focuses its analyses on all 
the potentially

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significant impacts related to each alternative. Comments may go beyond 
the approaches and information that NHTSA used in developing the above 
alternatives and in identifying the potentially significant 
environmental effects. The agency may modify the proposed alternatives 
and environmental effects that will be analyzed in depth based upon the 
comments received during the scoping process and upon further agency 
analysis.
    Scoping and Public Participation: The scoping process initiated by 
this notice seeks to determine ``the range of actions, alternatives, 
and impacts to be considered'' in the EIS and to identify the most 
important issues for analysis involving the potential environmental 
impacts of NHTSA's MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency improvement 
program.\21\ NHTSA's NEPA analysis for the MD/HD vehicle fuel 
efficiency standards beginning in MY 2016, and the voluntary MYs 2014-
2015 standards, will consider the direct, indirect and cumulative 
environmental impacts of the proposed standards and those of reasonable 
alternatives.
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    \21\ See 40 CFR 1500.5(d), 1501.7, 1508.25.
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    While the main focus of NHTSA's prior CAFE EISs (i.e., the EIS for 
Model Years 2012-2016 Passenger Car and Light Truck CAFE Standards \22\ 
and the EIS for Model Years 2011-2015 Passenger Car and Light Truck 
CAFE Standards \23\) was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 
impacts to energy, air quality, and climate, it also addressed other 
potentially affected resources. NHTSA discussed the related direct, 
indirect, and cumulative impacts, positive or negative, of the 
alternatives on other potentially affected resources (water resources, 
biological resources, land use, hazardous materials, safety, noise, 
historic and cultural resources, and environmental justice).
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    \22\ See Final Environmental Impact Statement, Corporate Average 
Fuel Economy Standards, Passenger Cars and Light Trucks, Model Years 
2012-2016, Docket No. NHTSA-2009-0059-0140 (February 2010).
    \23\ See Final Environmental Impact Statement, Corporate Average 
Fuel Economy Standards, Passenger Cars and Light Trucks, Model Years 
2011-2015, Docket No. NHTSA-2008-0060-0605 (October 2008).
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    For the current EIS, NHTSA intends to focus on the impacts in much 
the same manner as it did in the prior EIS, and will incorporate by 
reference any of the discussions from the February 2010 Final EIS that 
are relevant. NHTSA is currently considering analyzing environmental 
impacts related to fuel and energy use, emissions including GHGs and 
their effects on temperature and climate change, air quality, natural 
resources, and the human environment. NHTSA also will factor into its 
impact analysis the cumulative impacts of the proposed MD/HD vehicle 
fuel efficiency standards starting in MY 2016, and the voluntary MYs 
2014-2015 standards. In accordance with CEQ regulations, cumulative 
effects are ``the impact on the environment which results from the 
incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and 
reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency 
(Federal or non-federal) or person undertakes such action.'' \24\ NHTSA 
specifically requests comment on how the agency should assess 
cumulative impacts, including those from various emissions source 
categories and across a range of geographic locations. For example, 
should we consider the incremental impact of MD/HD efficiency standards 
when considered with the impacts of other reasonably foreseeable 
actions that affect emissions in any portion of the motor vehicle 
sector? Or should NHTSA expand the incremental impact examination to 
all transportation sector emissions? Or should the agency limit the 
incremental impact analysis to environmental effects caused by 
emissions only from the MD/HD vehicle segment?
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    \24\ 40 CFR 1508.7.
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    NHTSA anticipates considerable uncertainty in estimating and 
comparing the potential environmental impacts among alternatives 
related to climate change in particular. For instance, NHTSA expects 
that there will be considerable uncertainty associated with its 
estimates of the range of potential global mean temperature changes 
that may result from changes in fuel and energy consumption and GHG 
emissions due to a range of new MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency 
standards. It also may be difficult to predict and compare the ways in 
which potential temperature changes attributable to new MD/HD vehicle 
fuel efficiency standards may, in turn, affect many aspects of the 
environment. NHTSA will work expeditiously to gather all relevant and 
credible information. Where information is incomplete or unavailable, 
the agency will acknowledge the uncertainties in its NEPA analysis, and 
will apply the provisions in the CEQ regulations addressing 
``[i]ncomplete or unavailable information.'' \25\
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    \25\ See 40 CFR 1502.22.
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    Currently, NHTSA intends to rely primarily upon the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 Fourth Assessment 
Report, and subsequent updates, reports of the U.S. Climate Change 
Science Program (CCSP) and the current U.S. Global Change Research 
Program (U.S. GCRP), and the EPA Endangerment and Cause or Contribute 
Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act 
and the accompanying Technical Support Document (referred to 
collectively hereinafter as the EPA Endangerment Finding), as sources 
for recent ``summar[ies] of existing credible scientific evidence which 
is relevant to evaluating the reasonably foreseeable significant 
adverse impacts on the human environment.'' \26\ NHTSA believes that 
the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, the CCSP and U.S. GCRP Reports, and 
the EPA Endangerment Finding are the most recent, most comprehensive 
summaries available, but recognizes that subsequent peer-reviewed 
research may provide additional relevant and credible evidence not 
accounted for in these Reports. NHTSA expects to consider such 
subsequent information as well, to the extent that it provides relevant 
and credible evidence. NHTSA also expects to rely on the Final EIS it 
published in February 2010,\27\ incorporating material by reference 
``when the effect will be to cut down on bulk without impeding agency 
and public review of the action.'' \28\
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    \26\ 40 CFR 1502.22(b)(3); see 40 CFR 1502.21. The report and 
the IPCC's earlier reports are available at http://www.ipcc.ch/ 
(last visited March 11, 2008).
    \27\ See Final Environmental Impact Statement, Corporate Average 
Fuel Economy Standards, Passenger Cars and Light Trucks, Model Years 
2012-2016, Docket No. NHTSA-2009-0059-0140 (February 2010).
    \28\ 40 CFR 1502.21.
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    In preparing this notice of public scoping to identify the range of 
actions, alternatives, and impacts to be analyzed in depth in the EIS, 
NHTSA has consulted with CEQ and EPA. Through this notice, NHTSA 
invites all Federal agencies, Indian Tribes, State and local agencies 
with jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to potential 
environmental impacts of proposed MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency 
standards, and the public to participate in the scoping process.\29\
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    \29\ Consistent with NEPA and implementing regulations, NHTSA is 
sending this notice directly to: (1) Federal agencies having 
jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to the 
environmental impacts involved or authorized to develop and enforce 
environmental standards; (2) the Governors of every State, to share 
with the appropriate agencies and offices within their 
administrations and with the local jurisdictions within their 
States; (3) organizations representing state and local governments 
and Indian tribes; and (4) other stakeholders that NHTSA reasonably 
expects to be interested in the NEPA analysis for the MD/HD vehicle 
fuel efficiency standards. See 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C); 49 CFR 
520.21(g); 40 CFR 1501.7, 1506.6.

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[[Page 33569]]

    Specifically, NHTSA invites all stakeholders to participate in the 
scoping process by submitting written comments concerning the 
appropriate scope of NHTSA's NEPA analysis and the significant issues 
for the proposed MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency standards to the docket 
number identified in the heading of this notice, using any of the 
methods described in the ADDRESSES section of this notice. NHTSA does 
not plan to hold a public scoping meeting, because written comments 
will be effective in identifying and narrowing the issues for analysis.
    NHTSA is especially interested in comments concerning the 
evaluation of climate change impacts, and the relative impact of an 
increased share of any emissions reduction resulting from the proposed 
MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency standards coming from diesel fuel 
savings, as opposed to emissions reductions resulting from conventional 
gasoline savings analyzed in prior CAFE NEPA analyses. Specifically, 
NHTSA requests:
     Peer-reviewed scientific studies that have been issued 
since the EPA Endangerment Finding and that address or may inform: (a) 
The impacts on CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions that 
may be associated with any of the alternatives under consideration; (b) 
the impacts on climate change that may be associated with these 
emission changes; or (c) the time periods over which such impacts on 
climate may occur.
     Comments on how NHTSA should discuss or estimate the 
potential localized or regional impacts of decreased diesel fuel use, 
including potential upstream impacts (changes in fuel use and emissions 
levels resulting from the extraction, production, storage, and 
distribution of fuel), and comments on how NHTSA should estimate the 
potential impacts of these localized or regional changes on the 
environment.
     Comments on what time frame NHTSA should use to evaluate 
the environmental impacts that may result from setting MD/HD vehicle 
fuel efficiency standards, both indirect and cumulative.
     Peer-reviewed reports analyzing the potential impacts of 
climate change within the United States or in particular geographic 
areas of the United States. Such reports could be prepared by or on 
behalf of States, local governments, Indian tribes, regional 
organizations, academic researchers, or other interested parties.
     NHTSA understands that there are a variety of potential 
alternatives that could be considered that fit within the purpose and 
need for the proposed rulemaking, as set forth in EISA. NHTSA, 
therefore, seeks comments on how best to structure or describe a 
reasonable alternative for purposes of evaluating it under NEPA. 
Specifically, NHTSA seeks comments on what criteria should be used to 
structure such alternative, given the requirements for the new 
regulatory program under EISA, while being consistent with the 
statutory requirement of designing the program ``to achieve the maximum 
feasible improvement.'' See 49 U.S.C. 32902(k)(2). When suggesting a 
possible alternative, please explain how it would satisfy the EISA 
requirements (in particular, how and why it would be appropriate, cost-
effective, and technologically feasible) and give effect to NEPA's 
policies.\30\
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    \30\ See 40 CFR 1502.14, Alternatives Including the Proposed 
Action (explaining what agencies should include in the alternatives 
section of an EIS).
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    In addition, as noted above, NHTSA requests comments on how the 
agency should assess cumulative impacts, including those from various 
emissions source categories and from a range of geographic locations. 
Also in regard to cumulative impacts, the agency requests comments on 
how to consider the incremental impacts from foreseeable future actions 
of other agencies or persons, and how they might interact with the MD/
HD vehicle fuel efficiency improvement program's incremental cumulative 
impacts.
    Two important purposes of scoping are identifying the significant 
issues that merit in-depth analysis in the EIS and identifying and 
eliminating from detailed analysis the issues that are not significant 
and therefore require only a brief discussion in the EIS.\31\ In light 
of these purposes, written comments should include an Internet citation 
(with a date last visited) to each study or report you cite in your 
comments if one is available. If a document you cite is not available 
to the public online, you should attach a copy to your comments. Your 
comments should indicate how each document you cite or attach to your 
comments is relevant to the NEPA analysis and indicate the specific 
pages and passages in the attachment that are most informative.
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    \31\ 40 CFR 1500.4(g), 1501.7(a).
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    The more specific your comments are, and the more support you can 
provide by directing the agency to peer-reviewed scientific studies and 
reports as requested above, the more useful your comments will be to 
the agency. For example, if you identify an additional area of impact 
or environmental concern you believe NHTSA should analyze, or an 
analytical tool or model that you believe NHTSA should use to evaluate 
these environmental impacts, you should clearly describe it and support 
your comments with a reference to a specific peer-reviewed scientific 
study, report, tool or model. Specific, well-supported comments will 
help the agency prepare an EIS that is focused and relevant, and will 
serve NEPA's overarching aims of making high quality information 
available to decisionmakers and the public by ``concentrat[ing] on the 
issues that are truly significant to the action in question, rather 
than amassing needless detail.'' \32\ By contrast, mere assertions that 
the agency should evaluate broad lists or categories of concerns, 
without support, will likely not assist the scoping process for the 
proposed standards.
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    \32\ 40 CFR 1500.1(b).
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    Please be sure to reference the docket number identified in the 
heading of this notice in your comments. NHTSA intends to correspond 
directly to interested parties by e-mail. Thus, please also provide an 
e-mail address (or a mailing address if you decline e-mail 
communications).\33\ These steps will help NHTSA to manage a large 
volume of material during the NEPA process. All comments and materials 
received, including the names and addresses of the commenters who 
submit them, will become part of the administrative record and will be 
posted on the Web site at http://www.regulations.gov.
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    \33\ If you prefer to receive NHTSA's NEPA correspondence by 
U.S. mail, NHTSA intends to provide its NEPA publications via a CD 
readable on a personal computer.
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    Based on comments received during scoping, NHTSA expects to prepare 
a draft EIS for public comment later this year and a final EIS to 
support a final rule in 2011.\34\ In regard to NHTSA's decisionmaking 
schedule, the agency expects to issue a final rule in 2011 as well.
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    \34\ 40 CFR 1506.10.
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    Separate Federal Register notices will announce the availability of 
the draft EIS, which will be available for public comment, and the 
final EIS, which will be available for public inspection. NHTSA also 
plans to continue to post information about the NEPA process and this 
MD/HD vehicle fuel efficiency improvement program rulemaking on its Web 
site (http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov).


[[Page 33570]]


    Issued: June 9, 2010.
Stephen R. Kratzke,
Associate Administrator for Rulemaking.
[FR Doc. 2010-14167 Filed 6-11-10; 8:45 am]
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