[Federal Register Volume 75, Number 93 (Friday, May 14, 2010)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 27225-27227]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2010-11598]


 ========================================================================
 Proposed Rules
                                                 Federal Register
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of 
 the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these 
 notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in 
 the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
 
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 

  Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 93 / Friday, May 14, 2010 / Proposed 
Rules  

[[Page 27225]]



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

7 CFR Part 319

[Docket No. APHIS-2008-0060]
RIN 0579-AD13


Hass Avocados from Mexico; Importation into the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico and Other Changes

AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: We are proposing to amend our fruits and vegetables 
regulations to provide for the importation of Hass avocados from Mexico 
into Puerto Rico under the same systems approach currently required for 
the importation of Hass avocados into all States of the United States 
from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico. The systems approach requirements 
include trapping, orchard certification, limited production area, trace 
back labeling, pre-harvest orchard surveys for all pests, orchard 
sanitation, post-harvest safeguards, fruit cutting and inspection at 
the packinghouse, port-of-arrival inspection, and clearance activities. 
This action would allow for the importation of Hass avocados from 
Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, into Puerto Rico while continuing to provide 
protection against the introduction of quarantine pests. In addition, 
we are proposing to amend the regulations to provide for the Mexican 
national plant protection organization to use an approved designee to 
inspect avocados for export and to suspend importation of avocados into 
the United States from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, only from specific 
orchards or packinghouses when quarantine pests are detected, rather 
than suspending imports from the entire municipality where the affected 
orchards or packinghouses are located. These changes would provide 
additional flexibility in operating the export program while continuing 
to provide protection against the introduction of quarantine pests.

DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before July 
13, 2010.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by either of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to (http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocketDetail&d=APHIS-2008-0060) to submit or view comments 
and to view supporting and related materials available electronically.
     Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Please send one copy of 
your comment to Docket No. APHIS-2008-0060, Regulatory Analysis and 
Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700 River Road Unit 118, 
Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that your comment refers to 
Docket No. APHIS-2008-0060.
    Reading Room: You may read any comments that we receive on this 
docket in our reading room. The reading room is located in room 1141 of 
the USDA South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW., 
Washington, DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to 
help you, please call (202) 690-2817 before coming.
    Other Information: Additional information about APHIS and its 
programs is available on the Internet at (http://www.aphis.usda.gov).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. David B. Lamb, Import Specialist, 
Regulatory Coordination and Compliance, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road 
Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737-1231; (301) 734-0627.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    Under the regulations in ``Subpart-Fruits and Vegetables'' (7 CFR 
319.56 through 319.56-50), the Animal and Plant Health Inspection 
Service (APHIS) prohibits or restricts the importation of fruits and 
vegetables into the United States from certain parts of the world to 
prevent plant pests from being introduced into and spread within the 
United States. The requirements for importing Hass avocados into the 
United States from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, are described in Sec.  
319.56-30. Those requirements include pest surveys and pest risk-
reducing practices, treatment, packinghouse procedures, inspection, and 
shipping procedures.
    In this document, we are proposing to:
     Allow the importation of Hass avocados from 
Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, into Puerto Rico, under the same conditions 
required for importation into the 50 States;
     Provide for the Mexican national plant protection 
organization (NPPO) to use an approved designee to inspect avocados for 
export; and
     Limit the scope of suspension of export certification to 
the orchard or packinghouse in which pests are found, rather than the 
municipality in which the orchard or packinghouse is located.
    These changes are discussed directly below.

Importation of Hass Avocados from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, into Puerto 
Rico

    In a final rule published on November 30, 2004 in the Federal 
Register (69 FR 69749-69722, Docket No. 03-022-5) and effective on 
January 31, 2005, we amended the regulations governing the importation 
of fruits and vegetables to expand the number of States in which fresh 
Hass avocado fruit grown in approved orchards in approved 
municipalities in Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, may be distributed. 
Currently, Hass avocados from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, are permitted 
entry into the 50 States if they are produced in accordance with the 
requirements of a systems approach as provided in Sec.  319.56-30. This 
action was based on a pest risk assessment (PRA), ``Importation of 
Avocado Fruit (Persea americana Mill. var. `Hass'), from Mexico, A Risk 
Assessment'' (November 2004), which evaluated the risk of permitting 
the importation of Mexican Hass avocados only into the 50 States.
    At the request of the Government of Mexico, we prepared a commodity 
import evaluation document (CIED) to determine what phytosanitary 
measures should be applied to mitigate the pest risk associated with 
the importation of Hass avocados from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, into 
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Copies of the CIED may be obtained 
from the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT or viewed 
on the Regulations.gov Web site (see ADDRESSES above for instructions 
for accessing Regulations.gov).
    In the CIED, titled ``Importation of Hass Avocado fruit from 
Michoac[aacute]n,

[[Page 27226]]

Mexico into Puerto Rico'' (September 2009), we determined that because 
the systems approach currently in place is successful in mitigating the 
risks of introducing quarantine pests associated with the importation 
of Hass avocado from Mexico into the 50 U.S. States, and because 
avocados entering the United States from other approved exporting 
countries may also move to Puerto Rico without additional requirements, 
the current systems approach will also adequately mitigate the risks of 
introducing quarantine pests directly into Puerto Rico as well. We 
concluded the phytosanitary risks for insect pests associated with the 
importation of Hass avocados from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, into the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico would be effectively mitigated using the 
same systems approach as is currently used for the importation of Hass 
avocados from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, into the 50 States, as set 
fourth in Sec.  319.56-30. These import requirements include trapping, 
orchard certification, limited production area, trace back labeling, 
pre-harvest orchard surveys for all pests, orchard sanitation, post-
harvest safeguards, fruit cutting and inspection at the packinghouse, 
port-of-arrival inspection, and clearance activities.
    Based on the findings of the CIED and the November 2004 PRA, we are 
proposing to amend Sec.  319.56-30 to allow commercial shipments of 
Hass avocados from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, to be imported into Puerto 
Rico. Specifically, we are proposing to amend Sec.  319.56-30(a)(2), 
which currently prohibits Hass avocados from Mexico from being imported 
into or distributed in Puerto Rico and U.S. territories, to allow their 
importation into Puerto Rico. Because Mexico's request was specific to 
Puerto Rico, the CIED did not consider U.S. territories, so that 
prohibition would remain.
    In addition, we are proposing to amend Sec.  319.56-30(c)(3)(vii) 
to remove the requirement that boxes of avocados be marked to indicate 
that their distribution in Puerto Rico or U.S. territories is 
prohibited. The prohibition on distribution in U.S. territories would 
continue to be enforced through the APHIS permitting process. 
Specifically, we would implement this distribution limitation by 
denying permit applications for consignments of the avocados to 
destinations outside the 50 States and Puerto Rico and, for 
consignments imported into the 50 States and Puerto Rico, by including 
as a condition of the permit a prohibition on moving the avocados to 
any U.S. territory. This same paragraph also contains a requirement for 
box marking that applied from January 31, 2005, through January 31, 
2007; as this requirement is outdated, we would remove it.

Use of an Approved Designee to Inspect Avocados for Export

    Currently, our regulations in Sec.  319.56-30(c)(3)(iv) require 
samples of Hass avocados produced in Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico, to be 
selected, cut, and inspected by the Mexican NPPO and found free from 
pests. The Mexican NPPO has requested that we amend the regulations to 
provide for the use of an approved designee to perform these functions. 
The use of approved designees in situations such as this is consistent 
with the International Plant Protection Convention's International 
Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) No. 20,\1\ which describes a 
system that NPPOs may use to authorize other government services, non-
governmental organizations, agencies, or persons to act on their behalf 
for certain defined functions. This system includes the development of 
procedures to determine the competency of designees, to perform system 
audits and review, to implement corrective actions, and to withdraw 
authorization. We have determined that an approved designee could 
perform NPPO functions when a system meeting the criteria of ISPM 20 is 
used. Accordingly, we are proposing to amend the regulations to provide 
for the Mexican NPPO to use an approved designee to perform these 
functions. Specifically, we are proposing to amend Sec.  319.56-
30(c)(3)(iv) to provide for avocados to be selected, cut, and inspected 
by either the Mexican NPPO or its approved designee.
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    \1\ To view this and other ISPMs on the Internet, go to (http://www.ippc.int/) and click on the ``Adopted Standards'' link under the 
``Core activities'' heading.
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Limiting the Scope of Suspension of Export Certification

    Paragraph (e) of Sec.  319.56-30 sets out the procedures that are 
followed when a pest is detected in the required inspections. 
Currently, under paragraph (e)(1), when avocado seed pests are detected 
during semiannual pest surveys, orchard surveys, packinghouse 
inspections, or other monitoring or inspection activities, the entire 
municipality in which the pests are discovered loses its pest-free 
certification and avocado exports from that municipality are suspended. 
However, our regulations in paragraphs (e)(2) and (e)(3) call for the 
suspension of the export certification of individual orchards and 
packinghouses where the stem weevil Copturus aguacatae is detected, 
rather than for the suspension of the export certification of the 
entire municipality. This difference in the scope of suspension was 
originally created because we had limited specific information on the 
mobility of avocado seed pests within approved municipalities in 
Mexico, so we took a more cautious approach by providing for the 
suspension of the entire municipality in which a seed pest was 
detected.
    Now that we have had years to evaluate the effectiveness of the 
systems approach used to mitigate pests in approved municipalities, 
APHIS has concluded that the mobility of avocado seed pests creates no 
greater risk of their avoiding detection than the mobility of the 
avocado stem weevil, and that the same scope of export suspension 
should apply to avocado seed pests and the stem weevil. In addition, if 
avocado seed pests are present in places of production close to a place 
of production in which an avocado seed pest is found, the required 
surveys would find it in those nearby places of production, and we 
would suspend those places of production as well. Of course, the entire 
municipality would be suspended if the pests were detected in all 
places of production within that municipality. Given this information, 
APHIS has concluded that suspension of shipments from an affected 
orchard or packinghouse, rather than from an entire municipality, would 
provide sufficient safeguards against pest introduction while 
minimizing trade disruptions. Therefore, we are proposing to apply 
suspensions only to an affected orchard or packinghouse, rather than to 
an entire municipality, when seed pests are detected. Specifically, we 
are proposing to replace paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(3) of Sec.  
319.56-30 with a new paragraph (e) that would state that suspension of 
avocado shipments applies to orchards or packinghouses within a 
municipality when the pests Heilipus lauri, Conotrachelus aguacatae, C. 
perseae, Copturus aguacatae, or Stenoma catenifer are detected.
    Protocols for reinstatement from suspension of export of Hass 
avocados would continue to be included in the operational work plan 
between Mexico and the United States required under Sec.  319.56-30(c).

Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act

    This proposed rule has been determined to be not significant for 
the purposes of Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been 
reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.

[[Page 27227]]

    We have prepared an initial regulatory flexibility analysis for 
this proposed rule. The analysis examines the potential economic 
effects of this action on small entities, as required by the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act. The analysis identifies avocado producers, importers, 
and wholesalers in Puerto Rico as the small entities most likely to be 
affected by this action and considers the effects of increased imports 
of avocados. Puerto Rico is a large net importer of avocados. Imports 
for 2007 totaled around 3,700 short tons while exports totaled only 8 
short tons, as preliminarily reported by the Puerto Rican Department of 
Agriculture's Office of Agricultural Statistics.\2\ In other words, 
three-fifths of Puerto Rico's avocado supply is imported. In addition, 
there may well be movement of avocado from the mainland United States 
to Puerto Rico, which would not be reported as imports. Based on the 
information presented in the analysis, we expect affected entities 
would experience minimal economic effects as a result of additional 
imports arriving in Puerto Rico from Mexico. We invite comment on the 
analysis, which is posted with this proposed rule on the 
Regulations.gov Web site (see ADDRESSES above for instructions for 
accessing Regulations.gov) and may be obtained from the person listed 
under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
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    \2\ Puerto Rico Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Agricultural 
Statistics. ``18.58F23 Fresh Fruits.'' November 13, 2007. p. 23.
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Executive Order 12988

    This proposed rule would allow Hass avocados to be imported into 
Puerto Rico from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico. If this proposed rule is 
adopted, State and local laws and regulations regarding Hass avocados 
imported under this rule would be preempted while the fruit is in 
foreign commerce. Fresh Hass avocados are generally imported for 
immediate distribution and sale to the consuming public and would 
remain in foreign commerce until sold to the ultimate consumer. The 
question of when foreign commerce ceases in other cases must be 
addressed on a case-by-case basis. If the proposed rule is adopted, no 
retroactive effect will be given to this rule, and this rule will not 
require administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in 
court challenging the rule.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule contains no new information collection or 
recordkeeping requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 
(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 319

    Coffee, Cotton, Fruits, Imports, Logs, Nursery stock, Plant 
diseases and pests, Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Rice, Vegetables.

0
Accordingly, we propose to amend 7 CFR part 319 as follows:

PART 319--FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES

0
1. The authority citation for part 319 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 7701-7772, and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. 136 
and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.

0
2. Section 319.56-30 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as set forth below.
0
b. In paragraph (c)(3)(iv), by adding the words ``or its approved 
designee'' after the word ``NPPO''.
0
c. In paragraph (c)(3)(vii), by removing the last two sentences.
0
d. By revising paragraph (e) to read as set forth below.


Sec.  319.56-30  Hass avocados from Michoac[aacute]n, Mexico.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Shipping restrictions. The avocados may be imported into and 
distributed in all States and in Puerto Rico, but not in any U.S. 
Territory.
* * * * *
    (e) Pest detection. If any of the avocado pests Heilipus lauri, 
Conotrachelus aguacatae, C. perseae, Copturus aguacatae, or Stenoma 
catenifer are detected during the semiannual pest surveys in a 
packinghouse, certified orchard or areas outside of certified orchards, 
or other monitoring or inspection activity in the municipality, the 
Mexican NPPO must immediately initiate an investigation and take 
measures to isolate and eradicate the pests. The Mexican NPPO must also 
provide APHIS with information regarding the circumstances of the 
infestation and the pest risk mitigation measures taken. Orchards 
affected by the pest detection will lose their export certification 
immediately, and avocado exports from that orchard will be suspended 
until APHIS and the Mexican NPPO agree that the pest eradication 
measures taken have been effective.
* * * * *
    Done in Washington, DC, this 10\th\ day of May 2010.

Kevin Shea
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. 2010-11598 Filed 5-13-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-34-S